ON AR0331SRSC00SUCAH-GEVB Ar0331 1/3â inch 3.1 mp/full hd digital image sensor Datasheet

AR0331
AR0331 1/3‐Inch 3.1 Mp/Full
HD Digital Image Sensor
General Description
The ON Semiconductor AR0331 is a 1/3-inch CMOS digital image
sensor with an active-pixel array of 2048 (H) x 1536 (V). It captures
images in either linear or high dynamic range modes, with a
rolling-shutter readout. It includes sophisticated camera functions
such as in-pixel binning, windowing and both video and single frame
modes. It is designed for both low light and high dynamic range scene
performance. It is programmable through a simple two-wire serial
interface. The AR0331 produces extraordinarily clear, sharp digital
pictures, and its ability to capture both continuous video and single
frames makes it the perfect choice for a wide range of applications,
including surveillance and HD video.
The ON Semiconductor AR0331 can be operated in its default mode
or programmed for frame size, exposure, gain, and other parameters.
The default mode output is a 1080p-resolution image at 60 frames per
second (fps). In linear mode, it outputs 12-bit or 10-bit A-Law
compressed raw data, using either the parallel or serial (HiSPi) output
ports. In high dynamic range mode, it outputs 12-bit compressed data
using parallel output. In HiSPi mode, 12- or 14-bit compressed, or
16-bit linearized data may be output. The device may be operated in
video (master) mode or in single frame trigger mode.
FRAME_VALID and LINE_VALID signals are output on dedicated
pins, along with a synchronized pixel clock in parallel mode.
The AR0331 includes additional features to allow applicationspecific tuning: windowing and offset, auto black level correction, and
on-board temperature sensor. Optional register information and
histogram statistic information can be embedded in the first and last 2
lines of the image frame.
The sensor is designed to operate in a wide temperature range
(–30°C to +85°C).
Features
•
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•
•
•
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•
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Superior Low-light Performance
Latest 2.2 μm Pixel with ON Semiconductor A-Pix™ Technology
Full HD Support at 1080 P 60 fps for Superior Video Performance
Linear or High Dynamic Range Capture
3.1 M (4:3) and 1080 P Full HD (16:9) Images
Optional Adaptive Local Tone Mapping (ALTM)
Interleaved T1/T2 Output
Support for External Mechanical Shutter
Support for External LED or Xenon Flash
Slow-motion Video (VGA 120 fps)
On-chip Phase-locked Loop (PLL) Oscillator
Integrated Position-based Color and Lens Shading Correction
Slave Mode for Precise Frame-rate Control
Stereo/3D Camera Support
Statistics Engine
© Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2011
March, 2017 − Rev. 14
1
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ILCC48 10x10
CASE 847AG
IBGA52 9x9
CASE 503AA
ORDERING INFORMATION
See detailed ordering and shipping information on page 2 of
this data sheet.
• Data Interfaces: Four-lane Serial High-speed
•
•
•
Pixel Interface (HiSPi) Differential
Signaling (SLVS and HiVCM), or Parallel
Auto Black Level Calibration
High-speed Context Switching
Temperature Sensor
Applications
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Video Surveillance
Stereo Vision
Smart Vision
Automation
Machine Vision
1080p60 Video Applications
High Dynamic Range Imaging
Publication Order Number:
AR0331/D
AR0331
Table 1. KEY PARAMETERS
Parameter
Typical Value
Optical Format
1/3-inch (5.8 mm)
Note: Sensor optical format will also work with lenses designed for
1/3.2” format.
Active Pixels
2048 (H) x 1536 (V) (4:3, mode)
Pixel Size
2.2 μm x 2.2 μm
Color Filter Array
RGB Bayer
Shutter Type
Electronic rolling shutter and GRR
Input Clock Range
6 – 48 MHz
Output Clock Maximum
148.5 Mp/s (4-lane HiSPi)
74.25 Mp/s (Parallel)
Output
Frame Rate
Serial
HiSPi 10-, 12-, 14-, or 16-bit
Parallel
10-, 12-bit
Full Resolution
30 fps
1080p
60 fps
Responsivity
1.9 V/lux-sec
SNRMAX
39 dB
Max Dynamic Range
Up to 100 dB
Supply Voltage
I/O
1.8 or 2.8 V
Digital
1.8 V
Analog
2.8 V
HiSPi
0.3 V−0.6 V, 1.7 V−1.9 V
Power Consumption (Typical)
<780 mW
Operating Temperature (Ambient)
–30°C to +85° C
Package Options
10 x 10 mm 48 pin iLCC
9.5 x 9.5 mm 63-pin iBGA
ORDERING INFORMATION
Table 2. AVAILABLE PART NUMBERS
Part Number
Product Description
Orderable Product Attribute Description
AR0331SRSC00SHCA0-DRBR
48-pin iLCC HiSPi, 0° CRA
Dry Pack without Protective Film, Double Side BBAR Glass
AR0331SRSC00SHCAD3-GEVK
48-pin iLCC HiSPi, 0° CRA
Demo Kit 3
AR0331SRSC00SHCAD-GEVK
48-pin iLCC HiSPi, 0° CRA
Demo Kit
AR0331SRSC00SHCAH-GEVB
48-pin iLCC HiSPi, 0° CRA
Demo Board
AR0331SRSC00SUCA0-DPBR
48-pin iLCC Parallel, 0° CRA
Dry Pack with Protective Film, Double Side BBAR Glass
AR0331SRSC00SUCA0-DRBR
48-pin iLCC Parallel, 0° CRA
Dry Pack without Protective Film, Double Side BBAR Glass
AR0331SRSC00SUCAD3-GEVK
48-pin iLCC Parallel, 0° CRA
Demo Kit 3
AR0331SRSC00SUCAD-GEVK
48-pin iLCC Parallel, 0° CRA
Demo Kit
AR0331SRSC00SUCAH-GEVB
48-pin iLCC Parallel, 0° CRA
Demo Board
AR0331SRSC00XUEAD3-GEVK
63-pin iBGA
Demo Kit 3
AR0331SRSC00XUEAD-GEVK
63-pin iBGA
Demo Kit
AR0331SRSC00XUEAH-GEVB
63-pin iBGA
Demo Board
AR0331SRSC00XUEE0−BY−DRBR
63-pin iBGA, 0° CRA
Dry Pack without Protective Film, Double Side BBAR Glass
AR0331SRSC00XUEE0-DPBR
63-pin iBGA, 0° CRA
Dry Pack with Protective Film, Double Side BBAR Glass
AR0331SRSC00XUEE0-DRBR
63-pin iBGA, 0° CRA
Dry Pack without Protective Film, Double Side BBAR Glass
AR0331SRSC00XUEE0-DRBR1
63-pin iBGA, 0° CRA
Dry Pack without Protective Film, Double Side BBAR Glass
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2
AR0331
FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW
The AR0331 is a progressive-scan sensor that generates
a stream of pixel data at a constant frame rate. It uses an
on-chip, phase-locked loop (PLL) that can be optionally
enabled to generate all internal clocks from a single master
input clock running between 6 and 48 MHz. The maximum
output pixel rate is 148.5 Mp/s, corresponding to a clock rate
of 74.25 MHz. Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the sensor.
12
ADC data
Row noise correction
Companding
Black level correction
Test pattern generator
Pixel defect correction
12
Adaptive CD filter
12 bits
( HDR and Linear),
12 or 10 bits Linear
16, 14, or 12 bits
Motion correction and
Blue Halo filter
Parallel
HiSPi
HDR linearization
(ME or DLO)
16
Smooting filter
Digital gain and
pedestal
Figure 1. Block Diagram
(providing offset correction and gain), and then through an
analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The output from the
ADC is a 12-bit value for each pixel in the array. The ADC
output passes through a digital processing signal chain
(which provides further data path corrections and applies
digital gain). The sensor also offers a high dynamic range
mode of operation where multiple images are combined
on-chip to produce a single image at 16-bit per pixel value.
A compression mode is further offered to allow the 16-bit
pixel value to be transmitted to the host system as a 12-bit
value with close to zero loss in image quality.
User interaction with the sensor is through the two-wire
serial bus, which communicates with the array control,
analog signal chain, and digital signal chain. The core of the
sensor is a 3.1 Mp Active-pixel Sensor array. The timing and
control circuitry sequences through the rows of the array,
resetting and then reading each row in turn. In the time
interval between resetting a row and reading that row, the
pixels in the row integrate incident light. The exposure is
controlled by varying the time interval between reset and
readout. Once a row has been read, the data from the
columns is sequenced through an analog signal chain
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3
VDD_IO VDD
1.5 kW2
1.5 kW2
Digital
Digital I/0 Core
Power1
Power1
Master clock
(6–48 MHz)
EXTCLK
From
Controller
SADDR
SDATA
SCLK
TRIGGER
OE_BAR
RESET_BAR
HiSPi
Power1
PLL
Analog Analog
Power1 Power1 Power1
VDD_SLVS
AR0331
VDD_PLL VAA VAA_PIX
SLVS1_N
SLVS2_P
SLVS2_N
SLVS3_P
SLVS3_N
SLVSC_P
FLASH
SHUTTER
DGND
VDD
VDD_SLVS
VDD_PLL
VAA
AGND
VAA_PIX
Digital
ground
Notes:
To
Controller
SLVSC_N
TEST
VDD_IO
SLVS0_P
SLVS0_N
SLVS1_P
Analog
ground
1.
2.
3.
4.
All power supplies should be adequately decoupled.
ON Semiconductor recommends a resistor value of 1.5 kΩ, but a greater value may be used for slower two-wire speed.
The parallel interface output pads can be left unconnected if the serial output interface is used.
ON Semiconductor recommends that 0.1 μF and 10 μF decoupling capacitors for each power supply
are mounted as close as possible to the pad. Actual values and results may vary depending on layout and design
considerations. Refer to the AR0331 demo headboard schematics for circuit recommendations.
5. ON Semiconductor recommends that analog power planes are placed in a manner such that coupling
with the digital power planes is minimized.
6. I/O signals voltage must be configured to match VDD_IO voltage to minimize any leakage currents.
Figure 2. Typical Configuration: Serial Four-Lane HiSPi Interface
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4
AR0331
Master clock
(6–48 MHz)
PLL
Analog Analog
Power1 Power1 Power1
VDD_PLL VAA VAA_PIX
VDD_IO VDD
1.5kΩ2
1.5kΩ2
Digital
Digital I/0 Core
Power1 Power1
DOUT [11:0]
EXTCLK
PIXCLK
LINE_VALID
FRAME_VALID
SADDR
SDATA
SCLK
TRIGGER
OE_BAR
From
Controller
To
Controller
FLASH
SHUTTER
RESET_BAR
TEST
DGND
VDD_IO
VDD
VDD_PLL
VAA
VAA_PIX
Digital
ground
Notes:
AGND
Analog
ground
1.
2.
3.
4.
All power supplies should be adequately decoupled.
ON Semiconductor recommends a resistor value of 1.5 kΩ, but a greater value may be used for slower two-wire speed.
The serial interface output pads and VDDSLVS can be left unconnected if the parallel output interface is used.
ON Semiconductor recommends that 0.1 μF and 10 μF decoupling capacitors for each power supply are mounted as
close as possible to the pad. Actual values and results may vary depending on layout and design considerations. Refer
to the AR0331 demo headboard schematics for circuit recommendations.
5. ON Semiconductor recommends that analog power planes are placed in a manner such that coupling with the digital
power planes is minimized.
6. I/O signals voltage must be configured to match VDD_IO voltage to minimize any leakage currents.
7. The EXTCLK input is limited to 6−48 MHz.
Figure 3. Typical Configuration: Parallel Pixel Data Interface
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5
5
4
3
2
1
48
47
46
45
44
EXTCLK
VDD_PLL
DOUT6
DOUT5
DOUT4
DOUT3
DOUT2
DOUT1
DOUT0
DGND
43
NC
6
DGND
AR0331
10
DOUT10
AGND
39
11
DOUT11
VAA_PIX
38
12
VDD_IO
VAA_PIX
37
13
PIXCLK
VAA
36
14
VDD
AGND
35
15
SCLK
VAA
34
16
SDATA
Reserved
33
17
RESET_BAR
NC
32
18
VDD_IO
Reserved
31
DGND
40
LINE_VALID
VAA
FRAME_VALID
DOUT9
TRIGGER
9
FLASH
41
TEST
NC
SADDR
DOUT8
OE_BAR
8
NC
42
NC
NC
NC
DOUT7
VDD
7
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Figure 4. 48 iLCC Package, Parallel Output
Table 3. PIN DESCRIPTION
Pin
Number
Name
Type
1
DOUT4
Output
Parallel Pixel Data Output
2
DOUT5
Output
Parallel Pixel Data Output
3
DOUT6
Output
Parallel Pixel Data Output
4
VDD_PLL
Power
PLL Power
5
EXTCLK
Input
6
DGND
Power
Digital Ground
7
DOUT7
Output
Parallel Pixel Data Output
8
DOUT8
Output
Parallel Pixel Data Output
9
DOUT9
Output
Parallel Pixel Data Output
10
DOUT10
Output
Parallel Pixel Data Output
Description
External Input Clock
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6
AR0331
Table 3. PIN DESCRIPTION (continued)
Pin
Number
Name
Type
11
DOUT11
Output
Parallel Pixel Data Output (MSB)
12
VDD_IO
Power
I/O Supply Power
13
PIXCLK
Output
Pixel Clock Out. DOUT is Valid on Rising Edge of this Clock
14
VDD
Power
Digital Power
15
SCLK
Input
16
SDATA
I/O
17
RESET_BAR
Input
18
VDD_IO
Power
I/O Supply Power
19
VDD
Power
Digital Power
20
NC
21
NC
22
NC
23
OE_BAR
Input
Output Enable (Active LOW)
24
SADDR
Input
Two-wire Serial Address Select. 0: 0x20. 1: 0x30
25
TEST
Input
Manufacturing Test Enable Pin (Connect to DGND)
26
FLASH
Output
27
TRIGGER
Input
28
FRAME_VALID
Output
Asserted when DOUT Frame Data is Valid
29
LINE_VALID
Output
Asserted when DOUT Line Data is Valid.
30
DGND
Power
Digital Ground
31
Reserved
32
SHUTTER
Output
Control for External Mechanical Shutter. Can be Left Floating if not Used
33
Reserved
Description
Two-wire Serial Clock Input
Two-wire Serial Data I/O
Asynchronous Reset (Active LOW). All Settings are Restored to Factory Default
Flash Output Control
Receives Slave Mode VD Signal for Frame Rate Synchronization and Trigger to
Start a GRR Frame
34
VAA
Power
Analog Power
35
AGND
Power
Analog Ground
36
VAA
Power
Analog Power
37
VAA_PIX
Power
Pixel Power
38
VAA_PIX
Power
Pixel Power
39
AGND
Power
Analog Ground
40
VAA
Power
Analog Power
41
NC
42
NC
43
NC
44
DGND
Power
Digital Ground
45
DOUT0
Output
Parallel Pixel Data Output (LSB)
46
DOUT1
Output
Parallel Pixel Data Output
47
DOUT2
Output
Parallel Pixel Data Output
48
DOUT3
Output
Parallel Pixel Data Output
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7
6
5
4
3
2
1
48
47
46
45
44
43
NC
SLVS0_N
SLVS0_P
SLVS1_N
SLVS1_P
SLVSC_N
SLVSC_P
SLVS2_N
SLVS2_P
SLVS3_N
SLVS3_P
DGND
AR0331
10
VDD
NC
39
11
EXTCLK
VAA
38
12
VDD
NC
37
13
DGND
VAA_PIX
36
14
VDD_IO
VAA_PIX
35
15
SDATA
SHUTTER
34
16
SCLK
Reserved
33
17
TEST
VAA
32
18
RESET_BAR
AGND
31
Reserved
40
VDD_PLL
NC
DGND
DGND
FLASH
9
TRIGGER
41
OE_BAR
VAA
NC
VDD_IO
SADDR
8
NC
42
VDD_IO
AGND
DGND
VDD_SLVS
VDD
7
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Figure 5. 48 iLCC Package, HiSPi Output
Table 4. PIN DESCRIPTION, 48 ILCC
Pin Number
Name
Type
1
SLVSC_N
Output
HiSPi Serial DDR Clock Differential N
2
SLVS1_P
Output
HiSPi Serial Data, Lane 1, Differential P
3
SLVS1_N
Output
HiSPi Serial Data, Lane 1, Differential N
4
SLVS0_P
Output
HiSPi Serial Data, Lane 0, Differential P
5
SLVS0_N
Output
HiSPi Serial Data, Lane 0, Differential N
6
NC
7
VDD_SLVS
Power
0.3 V−0.6 V or 1.7 V−1.9 V Port to HiSPi Output Driver. Set the High_VCM
(R0x306E[9]) Bit to 1 when Configuring VDD_SLVS to 1.7–1.9 V
8
VDD_IO
Power
I/O Supply Power
9
DGND
Power
Digital Ground
10
VDD
Power
Digital Power
Description
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8
AR0331
Table 4. PIN DESCRIPTION, 48 ILCC (continued)
Pin Number
Name
Type
Description
11
EXTCLK
Input
12
VDD
Power
13
DGND
14
VDD_IO
Power
15
SDATA
I/O
16
SCLK
Input
17
TEST
18
RESET_BAR
Input
19
VDD
Power
Digital Power
20
DGND
Power
Digital Ground
21
VDD_IO
Power
I/O Supply Power
22
NC
23
SADDR
24
NC
25
OE_BAR
26
TRIGGER
Input
27
FLASH
Output
28
DGND
Power
29
VDD_PLL
Power
PLL Power
30
Reserved
31
AGND
Power
Analog Ground
32
VAA
Power
Analog Power
33
Reserved
34
SHUTTER
Output
Control for External Mechanical Shutter. Can be Left Floating if not Used
35
VAA_PIX
Power
Pixel Power
36
VAA_PIX
Power
Pixel Power
37
NC
38
VAA
Power
Analog Power
39
NC
40
NC
41
VAA
Power
Analog Power
42
AGND
Power
Analog Ground
43
DGND
Power
Digital Ground
44
SLVS3_P
Output
HiSPi Serial Data, Lane 3, Differential P
45
SLVS3_N
Output
HiSPi Serial Data, Lane 3, Differential N
46
SLVS2_P
Output
HiSPi Serial Data, Lane 2, Differential P
47
SLVS2_N
Output
HiSPi Serial Data, Lane 2, Differential N
48
SLVSC_P
Output
HiSPi Serial DDR Clock Differential P
External Input Clock
Digital Power
Digital Ground
I/O Supply Power
Two-wire Serial Data I/O
Two-wire Serial Clock Input
Manufacturing Test Enable Pin (Connect to DGND)
Input
Asynchronous Reset (Active LOW). All Settings are Restored to Factory Default
Two-wire Serial Address Select. 0: 0x20. 1: 0x30
Output Enable (active LOW)
Receives Slave Mode VD Signal for Frame Rate Synchronization and Trigger to
Start a GRR Frame
Flash Output Control
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9
AR0331
1
A
B
VDD_PLL
C
EXTCLK
D
SADDR
E
LINE_
VALID
2
3
4
SLVS0_N
SLVS0_P
SLVS1_N
SLVS_CN
SLVSC_P
SLVS2_N
SLVS3_N
SLVS3_P
SDATA
FRAME_
VALID
VDD_
SLVS
SCLK
5
6
7
8
SLVS1_P
VDD
VDD
NC
SLVS2_P
VDD
VAA
VAA
DGND
VDD
AGND
AGND
DGND
DGND
VDD
VAA_PIX
VAA_PIX
PIXCLK
FLASH
DGND
VDD_IO
NC
SHUTTER
F
DOUT8
DOUT9
DOUT10
DOUT11
DGND
VDD_IO
TEST
Reserved
(NC)
G
DOUT4
DOUT5
DOUT6
DOUT7
DGND
VDD_IO
TRIGGER
OE_BAR
H
DOUT0
DOUT1
DOUT2
DOUT3
DGND
VDD_IO
VDD_IO
RESET_
BAR
Top View
(Ball Down)
Figure 6. 9.5 x 9.5 mm 63−Ball IBGA Package
Table 5. PIN DESCRIPTIONS, 9.5 x 9.5 mm, 63-BALL IBGA
Name
iBGA Pin
Type
Description
SLVS0_N
A2
Output
HiSPi Serial Data, Lane 0, Differential N
SLVS0_P
A3
Output
HiSPi Serial Data, Lane 0, Differential P
SLVS1_N
A4
Output
HiSPi Serial Data, Lane 1, Differential N
SLVS1_P
A5
Output
HiSPi Serial Data, Lane 1, Differential P
VDD_PLL
B1
Power
PLL power.
SLVSC_N
B2
Output
HiSPi Serial DDR Clock Differential N
SLVSC_P
B3
Output
HiSPi Serial DDR Clock Differential P
SLVS2_N
B4
Output
HiSPi Serial Data, Lane 2, Differential N
SLVS2_P
B5
Output
HiSPi Serial Data, Lane 2, Differential P
VAA
B7, B8
Power
Analog Power
EXTCLK
C1
Input
VDD_SLVS
C2
Power
0.3 V−0.6 V or 1.7 V−1.9 V port to HiSPi Output Driver. Set the
High_VCM (R0x306E[9]) bit to 1 when configuring VDD_SLVS to
1.7–1.9 V
SLVS3_N
C3
Output
HiSPi Serial Data, Lane 3, Differential N
SLVS3_P
C4
Output
HiSPi Serial Data, Lane 3, Differential P
DGND
C5, D4, D5, E5,
F5, G5, H5
Power
External Input Clock.
Digital Ground
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AR0331
Table 5. PIN DESCRIPTIONS, 9.5 x 9.5 mm, 63-BALL IBGA (continued)
Name
iBGA Pin
Type
Description
VDD
A6, A7, B6, C6, D6
Power
Digital Power
AGND
C7, C8
Power
Analog Ground
SADDR
D1
Input
Two-wire Serial Address Select. 0: 0x20. 1: 0x30
SCLK
D2
Input
Two-wire Serial Clock Input
SDATA
D3
I/O
VAA_PIX
D7, D8
Power
Pixel Power
Two-Wire Serial Data I/O
LINE_VALID
E1
Output
Asserted when DOUT Line Data is Valid
FRAME_VALID
E2
Output
Asserted when DOUT Frame Data is Valid.
PIXCLK
E3
Output
Pixel Clock Out. DOUT is Valid on Rising Edge of this Clock.
VDD_IO
E6, F6, G6, H6, H7
Power
I/O Supply Power
DOUT8
F1
Output
Parallel Pixel Data Output
DOUT9
F2
Output
Parallel Pixel Data Output
DOUT10
F3
Output
Parallel Pixel Data Output
DOUT11
F4
Output
Parallel Pixel Data Output (MSB)
TEST
F7
Input.
Manufacturing Test Enable Pin (Connect to DGND)
DOUT4
G1
Output
Parallel Pixel Data Output
DOUT5
G2
Output
Parallel Pixel Data Output
DOUT6
G3
Output
Parallel Pixel Data Output
Parallel Pixel Data Output
DOUT7
G4
Output
TRIGGER
G7
Input
Exposure Synchronization Input
OE_BAR
G8
Input
Output Enable (Active LOW)
DOUT0
H1
Output
Parallel Pixel Data Output (LSB)
DOUT1
H2
Output
Parallel Pixel Data Output
DOUT2
H3
Output
Parallel Pixel Data Output
DOUT3
H4
Output
Parallel Pixel Data Output
RESET_BAR
H8
Input
Asynchronous reset (active LOW). All settings are restored to factory
default
SHUTTER
E8
Output
Control for external mechanical shutter. Can be left floating if not used
FLASH
E4
Output
Flash Control Output
NC
A8, E7
Reserved
F8
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11
AR0331
PIXEL DATA FORMAT
Pixel Array Structure
always performed for monochrome or color versions. The
active area is surrounded with optically transparent dummy
pixels to improve image uniformity within the active area.
Not all dummy pixels or barrier pixels can be read out.
While the sensor’s format is 2048 x 1536, additional
active columns and active rows are included for use when
horizontal or vertical mirrored readout is enabled, to allow
readout to start on the same pixel. The pixel adjustment is
2064
16 barrier + 4 border pixels
2052 1 x 1536
4.51mm x 3.38 mm
1578
2 barrier + 4 border pixels
2 barrier + 4 border pixels
18 barrier + 4 border pixels
Light dummy
pixel
Active pixel
1. Maximum of 2048 columns is supported. Additional columns included for mirroring operations.
Figure 7. Pixel Array Description
RowReadout Direction
Column Readout Direction
Active Pixel (0,0)
Array Pixel (0, 0)
R G R G R
G R G
G B G B G
B G B
R G R G R
G R G
G B G B G
B G B
R G R G R
G R G
G B G B G
B G B
Figure 8. Pixel Color Pattern Detail (Top Right Corner)
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AR0331
Default Readout Order
When the sensor is imaging, the active surface of the
sensor faces the scene as shown in Figure 9. When the image
is read out of the sensor, it is read one row at a time, with the
rows and columns sequenced as shown in Figure 9.
By convention, the sensor core pixel array is shown with
pixel (0,0) in the top right corner (see Figure 8). This reflects
the actual layout of the array on the die. Also, the first pixel
data read out of the sensor in default condition is that of pixel
(0, 0).
Lens
Scene
Sensor (rear view)
Row
Readout
Order
Column Readout Order
Pixel (0,0)
Figure 9. Imaging a Scene
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AR0331
PIXEL OUTPUT INTERFACES
Parallel Interface
When the parallel pixel data interface is in use, the serial
data output signals can be left unconnected. Set
reset_register [bit 12 (R0x301A[12] = 1)] to disable the
serializer while in parallel output mode.
The parallel pixel data interface uses these output-only
signals:
• FRAME_VALID
• LINE_VALID
• PIXCLK
• DOUT[11:0]
Output Enable Control
When the parallel pixel data interface is enabled, its
signals can be switched asynchronously between the driven
and High-Z under pin or register control, as shown in
Table 6.
The parallel pixel data interface is disabled by default at
power up and after reset. It can be enabled by programming
R0x301A. Table 7 shows the recommended settings.
Table 6. OUTPUT ENABLE CONTROL
OE_BAR Pin
Drive Pins R0x301A[6]
Description
1
0
Interface High-Z
X
1
Interface Driven
0
X
Interface Driven
Configuration of the Pixel Data Interface
Fields in R0x301A are used to configure the operation of
the pixel data interface. The supported combinations are
shown in Table 7.
Table 7. CONFIGURATION OF THE PIXEL DATA INTERFACE
Serializer Disable
R0x301 A[12]
Parallel Enable
R0x301 A[7]
0
0
Power up default
Serial pixel data interface and its clocks are enabled. Transitions to soft standby
are synchronized to the end of frames on the serial pixel data interface
1
1
Parallel pixel data interface, sensor core data output. Serial pixel data interface
and its clocks disabled to save power. Transitions to soft standby are
synchronized to the end of frames in the parallel pixel data interface
Description
High Speed Serial Pixel Data Interface
by the sensor is transmitted at the same length. The
Packetized SP protocol will transmit only the active data
ignoring line-to-line and frame-to-frame blanking data.
These protocols are further described in the High-Speed
Serial Pixel (HiSPi) Interface Protocol Specification
V1.50.00.
The HiSPi interface building block is a unidirectional
differential serial interface with four data and one double
data rate (DDR) clock lanes. One clock for every four serial
data lanes is provided for phase alignment across multiple
lanes. Figure 10 shows the configuration between the HiSPi
transmitter and the receiver.
The HiSPi interface building block is a unidirectional
differential serial interface with four data and one double
data rate (DDR) clock lanes. One clock for every four serial
data lanes is provided for phase alignment across multiple
lanes. Figure 10 shows the configuration between the HiSPi
transmitter and the receiver.
The High Speed Serial Pixel (HiSPi) interface uses four
data lanes and one clock as output.
• SLVSC_P
• SLVSC_N
• SLVS0_P
• SLVS0_N
• SLVS1_P
• SLVS1_N
• SLVS2_P
• SLVS2_N
• SLVS3_P
• SLVS3_N
The HiSPi interface supports three protocols,
Streaming-S, Streaming-SP, and Packetized SP. The
streaming protocols conform to a standard video application
where each line of active or intra-frame blanking provided
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AR0331
A camera containing
the HiSPi transmitter
A host (DSP) containing
the HiSPi receiver
Dp0
Dp0
Tx
PHY0
Dn0
Dn0
Dp1
Dp1
Dn1
Dn1
Dp2
Dp2
Dn2
Dn2
Dp3
Dp3
Dn3
Dn3
Cp0
Cp0
Cn0
Cn0
Rx
PHY0
Figure 10. HiSPi Transmitter and Receiver Interface Block Diagram
The PHY will serialize 10-, 12-, 14-, or 16-bit data words
and transmit each bit of data centered on a rising edge of the
clock, the second on the falling edge of the clock. Figure 11
shows bit transmission. In this example, the word is
transmitted in order of MSB to LSB. The receiver latches
data at the rising and falling edge of the clock.
HiSPi Physical Layer
The HiSPi physical layer is partitioned into blocks of four
data lanes and an associated clock lane. Any reference to the
PHY in the remainder of this document is referring to this
minimum building block.
TxPost
cp
…
cn
TxPre
…
MSB
dn
1 UI
Figure 11. Timing Diagram
DLL Timing Adjustment
can be used to compensate for skew introduced in PCB
design.
Delay compensation may be set for clock and/or data lines
in the hispi_timing register R0x31C0. If the DLL timing
adjustment is not required, the data and clock lane delay
settings should be set to a default code of 0x000 to reduce
jitter, skew, and power dissipation.
del 2[2: 0]
del 1[2: 0]
delclock[2:0]
The specification includes a DLL to compensate for
differences in group delay for each data lane. The DLL is
connected to the clock lane and each data lane, which acts as
a control master for the output delay buffers. Once the DLL
has gained phase lock, each lane can be delayed in 1/8 unit
interval (UI) steps. This additional delay allows the user to
increase the setup or hold time at the receiver circuits and
DATA0_DEL[2:0]
LSB
del 3[2: 0]
dp
delay
delay
delay
delay
delay
data _lane 0
data _lane 1
clock_lane0
data_lane2
data_lane3
Figure 12. Block Diagram of DLL Timing Adjustment
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15
AR0331
1 UI
dataN (DATAN_DEL = 000)
cp (CLOCK_DEL = 000)
cp (CLOCK_DEL = 001)
cp (CLOCK_DEL = 010)
cp (CLOCK_DEL = 011)
cp (CLOCK_DEL = 100)
cp (CLOCK_DEL = 101)
cp (CLOCK_DEL = 110)
cp (CLOCK_DEL = 111)
Increasing CLOCK_DEL[2:0] Increases Clock Delay
Figure 13. Delaying the Clock with Respect to Data
cp (CLOCK_DEL = 000)
dataN (DATAN_DEL = 000)
dataN (DATAN_DEL = 001)
dataN (DATAN_DEL = 010)
dataN (DATAN_DEL = 011)
dataN (DATAN_DEL = 100)
dataN (DATAN_DEL = 101)
dataN (DATAN_DEL = 110)
dataN (DATAN_DEL = 111)
Increasing DATAN_DEL[2:0] Increases Data Delay
t
DLLSTEP
1 UI
Figure 14. Delaying Data with Respect to the Clock
The serial_format register (R0x31AE) controls which
serial format is in use when the serial interface is enabled
(reset_register[12] = 0). The following serial formats are
supported:
• 0x0304 − Sensor supports quad-lane HiSPi operation
• 0x0302 − Sensor supports dual-lane HiSPi operation
• 0x0301 − Sensor supports single-lane HiSPi operation
HiSPi Protocol Layer
The HiSPi protocol is described the HiSPi Protocol
Specification document.
Serial Configuration
The serial format should be configured using R0x31AC.
Refer to the AR0331 Register Reference document for more
detail regarding this register.
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AR0331
PIXEL SENSITIVITY
Row Integration
(TINTEGRATION)
Row Reset
(Start of Integration)
Row Readout
Figure 15. Integration Control in ERS Readout
The coarse integration time is defined by the number of
row periods (TROW) between a row’s reset and the row read.
The row period is defined as the time between row read
operations (see Sensor Frame Rate).
A pixel’s integration time is defined by the number of
clock periods between a row’s reset and read operation. Both
the read followed by the reset operations occur within a row
period (TROW) where the read and reset may be applied to
different rows. The read and reset operations will be applied
to the rows of the pixel array in a consecutive order.
T COARSE + T ROW
coarse_integration_time
(eq. 1)
TCOARSE = coarse_integration_time x TROW
8.33 ms = 563 rows x 22.2 μs/row
Read
Reset
Horizontal Blanking
Vertical Blanking
TFRAME = frame_length_lines x TROW
16.6 ms = 750 rows x 22.22 μs/row
Vertical Blanking
Figure 16. Example of 8.33 ms Integration in 16.6 ms Frame
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AR0331
TCOARSE = coarse_integration_time x TROW
20.7 ms = 1390 rows x 14.8 μs/row
Read
Pointer
Horizontal Blanking
Vertical Blanking
TFRAME = frame_length_lines x TROW
Image
16.6 ms = 1125rows x 14.8 μs/row
Vertical Blanking
Time
Shutter
Pointer
Horizontal Blanking
Extended Vertical Blanking
4.1 ms
Image
Figure 17. The Row Integration Time is Greater Than the Frame Readout Time
The minimum frame-time is defined by the number of row
periods per frame and the row period. The sensor frame-time
will increase if the coarse_integration_time is set to a value
equal to or greater than the frame_length_lines.
GAIN STAGES
The analog gain stages of the AR0331 sensor are shown
in Figure 18. The sensor analog gain stage consists of a
variable ADC reference. The sensor will apply the same
analog gain to each color channel. Digital gain can be
configured to separate levels for each color channel.
ADC
Digital Gain
Reference
with Dithering
1x, 2x, 4x, and 8x
1x to 16x
(128 steps per 6dB)
Figure 18. Gain Stages in AR0331 Sensor
The level of analog gain applied is controlled by the
coarse_gain register. The recommended analog gain settings
are listed in Table 8. A minimum analog gain of 1.23x is
recommended. Changes to these registers should be done
prior to streaming images.
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AR0331
Table 8. RECOMMENDED SENSOR GAIN
coarse_gain(0x3060[5:4])/
coarse_gain_cb (0x3060[13:12])
fine_gain (0x3060[3:0])/
fine_gain_cb (0x3060[11:8])
ADC Gain
0
6
1.23
0
7
1.28
0
8
1.34
0
9
1.39
0
10
1.45
0
11
1.52
0
12
1.60
0
13
1.69
0
14
1.78
0
15
1.88
1
0
2.00
1
2
2.14
1
4
2.28
1
6
2.47
1
8
2.67
1
10
2.91
1
12
3.20
1
14
3.56
2
0
4
2
4
4.56
2
8
5.34
2
12
6.41
3
0
8
Each digital gain can be configured from a gain of 0 to
15.992. The digital gain supports 128 gain steps per 6dB of
gain. The format of each digital gain register is
“xxxx.yyyyyyy” where “xxxx” refers an integer gain of 1 to
15 and “yyyyyyy” is a fractional gain ranging from 0/128 to
127/128.
The sensor includes a digital dithering feature to reduce
quantization noise resulting from using digital gain. It can be
disabled by setting R0x30BA[5] to 0. The default value is 1.
PEDESTALS
There are two types of constant offset pedestals that may
be adjusted at the end of the datapath.
The data pedestal is a constant offset that is added to pixel
values at the end of the datapath. The default offset when
ALTM is disabled is 168 and is a 12-bit offset. This offset
matches the maximum range used by the corrections in the
digital readout path. The purpose of the data pedestal is to
convert negative values generated by the digital datapath
into positive output data. It is recommended that the data
pedestal be set to 16 when ALTM is enabled.
The data pedestal value can be changed from its default
value by adjusting register R0x301E.
The ALTM pedestal (R0x2450) is also located at the end
of the datapath. The ALTM pedestal default offset is 0.
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AR0331
HIGH DYNAMIC RANGE MODE
By default, the sensor powers up in HDR Mode. The HDR
scheme used is multi-exposure HDR. This allows the sensor
to handle up to 100 dB of dynamic range. In HDR mode, the
sensor sequentially captures two exposures by maintaining
two separate read and reset pointers that are interleaved
within the rolling shutter readout. The intermediate pixel
values are stored in line buffers while waiting for the two
exposure values to be present. As soon as a pixel’s two
exposure values are available, they are combined to create
a linearized 16-bit value for each pixel’s response.
Depending on whether HiSPi or Parallel mode is selected,
the full 16 bit value may be output, it can be compressed to
12 bits using Adaptive Local Tone Mapping (ALTM), or
companded to 12 or 14 bits.
range of display devices. Today’s typical LCD monitor has
a contrast ratio around 1000:1 while it is not atypical for an
HDR image having a contrast ratio of around 250000:1.
Therefore, in order to reproduce HDR images on a low
dynamic range display device, the captured high dynamic
range must be compressed to the available range of the
display device. This is commonly called tone mapping. The
AR0331 has implemented an adaptive local tone mapping
(ALTM) feature to reproduce visually appealing images that
increase the local contrast and the visibility of the images.
When ALTM is enabled, the gamma in the backend ISP
should be set to 1 for proper display.
See the AR0331 Developer Guide for more information
on ALTM.
Adaptive Local Tone Mapping
Companding
Real- world scenes often have a very high dynamic range
(HDR) that far exceeds the electrical dynamic range of the
imager. Dynamic range is defined as the luminance ratio
between the brightest and the darkest objects in a scene.
Even though the AR0331 can capture full dynamic range
images, the images are still limited by the low dynamic
The 16-bit linearized HDR image may be compressed to
12 bits using on-chip companding. Figure 19 illustrates the
compression from 16- to 12-bits. Companding is enabled by
setting R0x31D0. Table 10 shows the knee points for the
different modes.
4500
4000
3500
12-bit Code Output
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
16-bit Code Input
Figure 19. HDR Data Compression
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20
50000
60000
70000
AR0331
Table 9. COMPANDING TABLE
Segment 1
Segment 2
Segment 3
Segment 4
Input Code Range
0 to 1023
1024 to 4095
4096 to 32767
32768 to 65535
Output Code
Range
0 to 1023
1024 to 2559
2560 to 3455
3456 to 3967
Companding
Formula
Pout = Pin
Pout = (Pin − 1024)/2 + 1024
Pout = (Pin − 4096)/32 + 2560
Pout = (Pin − 32768)/64 + 3456
Decompanding
Formula
Pout = Pin
Pout = (Pin − 1024)*2 + 1024
Pout = (Pin − 2560)*32 + 4096
Pout = (Pin − 3456)*64 + 32768
Table 9 illustrates the input and output codes as well as
companding and decompanding formulas for each of the
four colored segments in Figure 19.
Table 10. KNEE POINTS FOR COMPRESSION FROM 16 BITS TO 12 BITS
T1/T2
Exposure Ratio
(R1)
R0x3082[3:2]
P1
POUT1
= P1
P2
POUT2=
(P2 − P1)/2 + 1024
P3
POUT3=
(P3 − P2)/32 + 2560
PMAX
POUTMAX =
(PMAX − P3)/64 + 3456
4x, 8x, 16x, 32x
210
1024
212
2560
215
3456
216
3968
As described in Table 10, the AR0331 companding block
operates on 16-bit input only. For the exposure ratios that do
not result in 16-bits, bit shifting occurs before the data enters
the companding block. As a result of the bit shift, data needs
to be unshifted after linearization in order to obtain the
proper image. Table 11 provides the bit operation that
should occur to the data after linearization.
Table 11. BIT OPERATION AFTER LINEARIZATION
ratio_t1_t2 (R0x3082[3:2])/ratio_t1_t2_cb (R0x3084[3:2])
Bit Shift Operation after Linearization
4x
Right Shift 2 Bits
8x
Right Shift 1 Bit
16x
No Shift
32x
Left Shift 1 Bit
HDR-Specific Exposure Settings
then relinearization would still follow the programmed
ratio. For example if the T1/T2 ratio was programmed to 16x
but coarse integration was increased beyond 1120 then one
would still use the 16x relinearization formulas.
An additional limitation is the maximum number of
exposure lines in relation to the frame_length_lines register.
In linear mode, maximum coarse_integration_time =
frame_length_lines − 1. However in HDR mode, since the
coarse integration time register controls T1, the max coarse
integration time is frame_length_lines − 71.
Putting the two criteria listed above together, the formula
is as follows:
In HDR mode, pixel values are stored in line buffers while
waiting for both exposures to be available for final pixel data
combination. There are 70 line buffers used to store
intermediate T1 data. Due to this limitation, the maximum
coarse integration time possible for a given exposure ratio is
equal to 70*T1/T2 lines.
For example, if R0x3082[3:2] = 2, the sensor is set to have
T1/T2 ratio = 16x. Therefore the maximum number of
integration lines is 70*16 = 1120 lines. If coarse integration
time is greater than this, the T2 integration time will stay at
70. The sensor will calculate the ratio internally, enabling the
linearization to be performed. If companding is being used,
maximum coarse_integration_time + minimum(70
There is a limitation of the minimum number of exposure
lines, which is one row time for linear mode. In HDR mode,
T1
, frame_length_lines–71)
T2
(eq. 2)
the minimum number of rows required is half of the ratio
T1/T2.
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AR0331
Motion Compensation
The motion compensation feature can be enabled by
setting R0x318C[14] = 1. Additional parameters are
available to control the extent of motion detection and
correction as per the requirements of the specific
application. For more information, refer to the AR0331
Register Reference document and the AR0331 Developer
Guide.
In typical multi-exposure HDR systems, motion artifacts
can be created when objects move during the T1 or T2
integration time. When this happens, edge artifacts can
potentially be visible and might look like a ghosting effect.
To correct this, the AR0331 has special 2D motion
compensation circuitry that detects motion artifacts and
corrects the image.
RESET
Soft Reset of Logic
The AR0331 may be reset by the RESET_BAR pin
(active LOW) or the reset register.
Soft reset of logic is controlled by the R0x301A Reset
register. Bit 0 is used to reset the digital logic of the sensor.
Furthermore, by asserting the soft reset, the sensor aborts the
current frame it is processing and starts a new frame. This bit
is a self-resetting bit and also returns to “0” during two-wire
serial interface reads.
Hard Reset of Logic
The RESET_BAR pin can be connected to an external RC
circuit for simplicity. The recommended RC circuit uses a 10
kΩ resistor and a 0.1 μF capacitor. The rise time for the RC
circuit is 1 μs maximum.
SENSOR PLL
VCO
EXTCLK
(6−48 MHz)
pll_multiplier
58(32−384)
pre_pll_clk_div
2(1−64)
FVC0
Figure 20. PLL Dividers Affecting VCO Frequency
The sensor contains a phase-locked loop (PLL) that is
used for timing generation and control. The required VCO
clock frequency is attained through the use of a pre-PLL
clock divider followed by a multiplier. The PLL multiplier
should be an even integer. If an odd integer (M) is
programmed, the PLL will default to the lower (M−1) value
to maintain an even multiplier value. The multiplier is
followed by a set of dividers used to generate the output
clocks required for the sensor array, the pixel analog and
digital readout paths, and the output parallel and serial
interfaces. Use of the PLL is required when using the HiSPi
interface.
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AR0331
Dual Readout Paths
output pixel rate. For example, if CLK_PIX is 74.25 MHz
in a 4-lane HiSPi configuration, the CLK_OP should be
equal to 37.125 MHz.
There are two readout paths within the sensor digital
block. The sensor PLL should be configured such that the
total pixel rate across both readout paths is equal to the
CLK_PIX
All Digital
Blocks
Serial Output
(HiSPi)
Pixel Array
Pixel Rate = 2 x CLK_PIX
= # data lanes x CLK_OP (HiSPi)
= CLK_OP (Parallel)
All Digital
Blocks
CLK_PIX
Figure 21. Sensor Dual Readout Paths
The sensor row timing calculation refers to each data-path
individually. For example, the sensor default configuration
uses 1100 clocks per row (line_length_pck) to output 1928
active pixels per row. The aggregate clocks per row seen by
the receiver will be 2200 clocks (1100 x 2 readout paths).
Parallel PLL Configuration
FVC0
EXTCLK
(6−48 MHz)
pre_pll_clk_div
2(1−64)
vt_sys_clk_div
1 (1,2,4,6,8,10
12,14,160
pll_multiplier
58(32−384)
vt_pix_clk_div
6(4−16)
CLK_OP
(Max 74.25 Mp/s)
CLK_PIX
(Max 37.125 Mp/s)
Figure 22. PLL for the Parallel Interface
The maximum output of the parallel interface is 74.25
MPixel/s. This will limit the readout clock (CLK_PIX) to
37.125 MPixel/s. The sensor will not use the FSERIAL,
FSERIAL_CLK, or CLK_OP when configured to use the
parallel interface.
Table 12. PLL PARAMETERS FOR THE PARALLEL INTERFACE
Parameter
Symbol
Min
Max
Unit
External Clock
EXTCLK
6
48
MHz
VCO Clock
FVCO
384
768
MHz
Readout Clock
CLK_PIX
37.125
Mpixel/s
Output Clock
CLK_OP
74.25
Mpixel/s
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AR0331
Table 13. EXAMPLE PLL CONFIGURATION FOR THE PARALLEL INTERFACE
Parameter
Value
Output
445.5 MHz (Max)
FVCO
vt_sys_clk_div
1
vt_pix_clk_div
6
CLK_PIX
37.125 MPixel/s (= 445.5 MHz / 12)
CLK_OP
74.25 MPixel/s (= 445.5 MHz / 6)
Output pixel rate
74.25 MPixel/s
Serial PLL Configuration
FVC0
pre_pll_clk_div
2 (1−64)
pll_multiplier
58 (32−384)
Vt_sys_clk_div
1 (1, 2, 4, 6, 8,
10,11, 12,14, 16)
Vt_pix_clk_div
6 (4−16)
op_sys_clk_div
(default = 1)
op_pix_clk_div
12 (8,10, 12)
CLK_PIX
CLK_OP
FVC0
FSERIAL
Figure 23. PLL for the Serial Interface
The PLL must be enabled when HiSPi mode is selected.
The sensor will use op_sys_clk_div and op_pix_clk_div to
configure the output clock per lane (CLK_OP). The
configuration will depend on the number of active lanes (1,
2, or 4) configured. To configure the sensor protocol and
number of lanes, refer to “Serial Configuration”.
Table 14. PLL PARAMETERS FOR THE SERIAL INTERFACE
Parameter
Symbol
Min
Max
Unit
External Clock
EXTCLK
6
48
MHz
External Clock
EXTCLK
6
48
MHz
384
VCO Clock
FVCO
768
MHz
Readout Clock
CLK_PIX
74.25
Mpixel/s
Output Clock
CLK_OP
37.125
Mpixel/s
Output Serial Data Rate
Per Lane
FSERIAL
300 (HiSPi)
700 (HiSPi)
Mbps
Output Serial Clock
Speed Per Lane
FSERIAL_CLK
150 (HiSPi)
350 (HiSPi)
MHz
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AR0331
Configure the serial output so that it adheres to the
following rules:
• The maximum data-rate per lane (FSERIAL) is 700
Mbps/lane (HiSPi).
• Configure the output pixel rate per lane (CLK_OP) so
that the sensor output pixel rate matches the peak pixel
rate (2 x CLK_PIX).
♦
♦
♦
4-lane: 4 x CLK_OP = 2 x CLK_PIX = Pixel Rate
(max: 148.5 Mpixel/s)
2-lane: 2 x CLK_OP = 2 x CLK_PIX = Pixel Rate
(max: 74.25 Mpixel/s)
1-lane: 1 x CLK_OP = 2 x CLK_PIX = Pixel Rate
(max: 37.125 Mpixel/s)
Table 15. EXAMPLE PLL CONFIGURATIONS FOR THE SERIAL INTERFACE
4-lane
2-lane
1-lane
Parameter
16-bit
14-bit
12-bit
10-bit
12-bit
10-bit
10-bit
Units
FVCO
594
519.75
445.5
742.5
445.5
742.5
742.5
MHz
vt_sys_clk_div
1
1
1
2
1
2
4
vt_pix_clk_div
8
7
6
5
12
10
10
op_sys_clk_div
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
op_pix_clk_div
16
14
12
10
12
10
10
FSERIAL
594
519.75
445.5
371.25
445.5
371.25
371.25
MHz
FSERIAL_CLK
297
259.875
222.75
185.63
222.75
185.63
185.63
MHz
CLK_PIX
74.25
74.25
74.25
74.25
37.125
37.125
18.563
Mpixel/s
CLK_OP
37.125
37.125
37.125
37.125
37.125
37.125
37.125
Mpixel/s
Pixel Rate
148.5
148.5
148.5
148.5
74.25
74.25
37.125
Mpixel/s
Stream/Standby Control
A specific sequence needs to be followed to enter and exit
from Soft Standby.
The sensor supports a soft standby mode. In this mode, the
external clock can be optionally disabled to further
minimize power consumption. If this is done, then the
“Power-Up Sequence” must be followed. When the external
clock is disabled, the sensor will be unresponsive to register
writes and other operations.
Soft Standby is a low-power state that is controlled
through register R0x301A[2]. The sensor will go to Standby
after completion of the current frame readout. When the
sensor comes back from Soft Standby, previously written
register settings are still maintained. Soft Standby will not
occur if the Trigger pin is held high.
Entering Soft Standby:
1. Set R0x301A[12] = 1 if serial mode was used
2. Set R0x301A[2] = 0 and drive Trigger pin low.
3. Turn off external clock to further minimize power
consumption
Exiting Soft Standby:
1. Enable external clock if it was turned off
2. Set R0x301A[2] = 1 or drive Trigger pin high.
3. Set R0x301A[12] = 0 if serial mode is used
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AR0331
SENSOR READOUT
Image Acquisition Modes
•
•
current resolution. In this mode, the end point of the
pixel integration time is controlled by an external
electromechanical shutter, and the AR0331 provides
control signals to interface to that shutter.
The AR0331 supports two image acquisition modes:
Electronic rolling shutter (ERS) mode:
This is the normal mode of operation. When the
AR0331 is streaming, it generates frames at a fixed
rate, and each frame is integrated (exposed) using the
ERS. When the ERS is in use, timing and control logic
within the sensor sequences through the rows of the
array, resetting and then reading each row in turn. In the
time interval between resetting a row and subsequently
reading that row, the pixels in the row integrate incident
light. The integration (exposure) time is controlled by
varying the time between row reset and row readout.
For each row in a frame, the time between row reset
and row readout is the same, leading to a uniform
integration time across the frame. When the integration
time is changed (by using the two-wire serial interface
to change register settings), the timing and control logic
controls the transition from old to new integration time
in such a way that the stream of output frames from the
AR0331 switches cleanly from the old integration time
to the new while only generating frames with uniform
integration. See “Changes to Integration Time” in the
AR0331 Register Reference.
Global reset mode:
This mode can be used to acquire a single image at the
The benefit of using an external electromechanical shutter
is that it eliminates the visual artifacts associated with ERS
operation. Visual artifacts arise in ERS operation,
particularly at low frame rates, because an ERS image
effectively integrates each row of the pixel array at a
different point in time.
Window Control
The sequencing of the pixel array is controlled by the
x_addr_start, y_addr_start, x_addr_end, and y_addr_end
registers.
Readout Modes
Horizontal Mirror
When the horiz_mirror bit (R0x3040[14]) is set in the
read_mode register, the order of pixel readout within a row
is reversed, so that readout starts from x_addr_end + 1 and
ends at x_addr_start. Figure 24 shows a sequence of 6 pixels
being read out with R0x3040[14] = 0 and R0x3040[14] = 1.
LINE_VALID
horizontal_mirror = 0
DOUT[11:0]
G0[11:0] R0[11:0] G1[11:0] R1[11:0] G2[11:0] R2[11:0]
horizontal_mirror = 1
DOUT[11:0]
G3[11:0] R2[11:0] G2[11:0] R1[11:0] G1[11:0] R0[11:0]
Figure 24. Effect of Horizontal Mirror on Readout Order
and ends at y_addr_start. Figure 30 shows a sequence of 6
rows being read out with R0x3040[15] = 0 and R0x3040[15]
= 1.
Vertical Flip
When the vert_flip bit (R0x3040[15]) is set in the
read_mode register, the order in which pixel rows are read
out is reversed, so that row readout starts from y_addr_end
FRAME_VALID
vertical_flip = 0
DOUT[11:0]
vertical_flip = 1
DOUT[11:0]
Row0[11:0]
Row1[11:0]
Row2[11:0]
Row3[11:0] Row4[11:0]
Row6[11:0] Row5[11:0]
Row4[11:0]
Row3[11:0]
Row2[11:0] Row1[11:0]
Figure 25. Effect of Vertical Flip on Readout Order
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26
Row5[11:0]
AR0331
SUBSAMPLING
The AR0331 supports subsampling. Subsampling allows
the sensor to read out a smaller set of active pixels by either
skipping, binning, or summing pixels within the readout
window. The following examples are configured to use
either 2 x 2 or 3 x 3 subsampling.
Isb
Isb
Isb
Isb
Isb
Isb
Figure 26. Horizontal Binning in the AR0331 Sensor
Horizontal binning is achieved either in the pixel readout
or the digital readout. The sensor will sample the combined
2x or 3x adjacent pixels within the same color plane.
e−
e−
e−
e−
Figure 27. Vertical Row Binning in the AR0331 Sensor
the y-direction will reduce the number of rows from the
sensor effectively reducing the frame time. Skipping will
introduce image artifacts from aliasing. Refer to the
AR0331 Developer Guide for details on configuring
skipping, binning, and summing modes for color and
monochrome operation.
Vertical row binning is applied in the pixel readout. Row
binning can be configured as 2x or 3x rows within the same
color plane.
Pixel skipping can be configured up to 2x and 3x in both
the x-direction and y-direction. Skipping pixels in the
x-direction will not reduce the row time. Skipping pixels in
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AR0331
SENSOR FRAME RATE
The time required to read out an image frame (TFRAME)
can be derived from the number of clocks required to output
each image and the pixel clock.
The frame-rate is the inverse of the frame period.
fps +
1
T FRAME
• The number of clocks required for each sensor row
(eq. 3)
•
The number of clocks can be simplified further into the
following parameters:
T FRAME +
1
(CLK_PIX)
•
[frame_length_lines
(line_length_pck)
This parameter also determines the sensor row period
when referenced to the sensor readout clock. (TROW =
line_length_pck x 1/CLK_PIX)
The number of row periods per frame
(frame_length_lines)
An extra delay between frames used to achieve a
specific output frame period (extra_delay)
line_length_pck ) extra_delay]
(eq. 4)
Figure 28. Frame Period Measured in Clocks
Row Period (TROW)
Output Interface Limitations:
line_length_pck will determine the number of clock
periods per row and the row period (TROW) when combined
with the sensor readout clock. line_length_pck includes
both the active pixels and the horizontal blanking time per
row. The sensor utilizes two readout paths, as seen in
Figure 21, allowing the sensor to output two pixels during
each pixel clock.
The minimum line_length_pck is defined as the
maximum of the following three equations:
1
2
frame_length_lines determines the number of row periods
(TROW) per frame. This includes both the active and
blanking rows. The minimum vertical blanking value is
defined by the number of OB rows read per frame, two
embedded data rows, and two blank rows. A minimum
number of idle rows equal to the T2 integration time should
be added in HDR mode to allow for changes in integration
time by an auto exposure algorithm. For example, if the
coarse integration time is 320 lines and the exposure ratio is
16x, then the minimum vertical blanking would be 8 + 2 +
2 + 20 = 32 rows. The minimum (default) number of idle
rows is 4.
(eq. 5)
Digital Readout Limitation:
1
3
)1
ƪx_addr_end–x_addr_start
ƫ
(x_odd_inc ) 1)
0.5
Minimum frame_length_lines +
(eq. 7)
Row Periods Per Frame
ADC Readout Limitation:
line_length_pck ≥1100
)1
ƪx_addr_end–x_addr_start
ƫ ) 96
(x_odd_inc ) 1)
0.5
(eq. 6)
y_addr_end–y_addr_start ) 1
) min_vertical_blanking
(y_odd_inc)1)
2
The sensor is configured to output frame information in
two embedded data rows by setting R0x3064[8] to 1
(default). If R0x3064[8] is set to 0, the sensor will instead
(eq. 8)
output two blank rows. The data configured in the two
embedded rows is defined in “Embedded Data and
Statistics”.
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AR0331
Table 16. MINIMUM VERTICAL BLANKING CONFIGURATION
R0x3180[7:4]
OB Rows
min_vertical_blanking (Note 1)
0x8 (Default)
8 OB Rows
8 OB + 8 = 16
0x4
4 OB Rows
4 OB + 8 = 12
0x2
2 OB Rows
2 OB + 8 = 10
1. min_vertical_blanking includes the default number (4) of idle rows.
The locations of the OB rows, embedded rows, and blank
rows within the frame readout are identified in Figure 29:
“Slave Mode Active State and Vertical Blanking,” .
SLAVE MODE
The slave mode feature of the AR0331 supports triggering
the start of a frame readout from a VD signal that is supplied
from an external ASIC. The slave mode signal allows for
precise control of frame rate and register change updates.
The VD signal is an edge triggered input to the trigger pin
and must be at least 3 PIXCLK cycles wide.
Frame Valid VD Signal
Time
Start of frame N
OB Rows (2, 4, or 8 rows)
Embedded Data Row (2 rows)
Active Data Rows
Blank Rows (2 rows)
Extra Vertical Blanking
(frame_length_lines − min_frame_length_lines)
Extra Delay (clocks)
The period between the
rising edge of the VD signal
and the slave mode ready
state is TFRAME + 16 clock
Slave Mode Active State
End of frame N
Start of frame N + 1
Figure 29. Slave Mode Active State and Vertical Blanking
slave mode will remain inactive for the period of one frame
time plus 16 clock periods (TFRAME + (16 / CLK_PIX)).
After this period, the slave mode will re-enter the active state
and will respond to the VD signal.
If the slave mode is disabled, the new frame will begin
after the extra delay period is finished.
The slave mode will react to the rising edge of the input
VD signal if it is in an active state. When the VD signal is
received, the sensor will begin the frame readout and the
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AR0331
Frame
Valid
Rising
Edge
Rising
Edge
Rising
Edge
VD Signal
Slave Mode
Trigger
Inactive
Active
Inactive
Row Reset
(start of integration)
Active
Row reset and read
operations begin
after the rising edge
of the VD signal.
Rising edge of VD
signal triggers the start
of the frame readout.
Row Readout
Programmed Integration
Integration due to
Slave Mode Delay
Row 0
Row N
The Slave Mode will become “Active” after the last row period. Both the row reset and row read
operations will wait until the rising edge of the VD signal. .
Note:
The integration of the last row is started before the end of the programmed integration for the first row.
Figure 30. Slave Mode Example with Equal Integration and Frame Readout Periods
2. If the sensor integration time is configured to be
less than the frame period, then the sensor will not
have reset all of the sensor rows before it begins
waiting for the input VD signal. This error can be
minimized by configuring the frame period to be
as close as possible to the desired frame rate
(period between VD signals).
The row shutter and read operations will stop when the
slave mode becomes active and is waiting for the VD signal.
The following should be considered when configuring the
sensor to use the slave mode:
1. The frame period (TFRAME) should be configured
to be less than the period of the input VD signal.
The sensor will disregard the input VD signal if it
appears before the frame readout is finished.
Frame
Valid
Rising
Edge
Rising
Edge
Rising
Edge
VD Signal
Slave Mode
Trigger
Inactive
Active
8.33 ms 8.33 ms
Row 0
Inactive
Row Reset
(start of integration)
Active
Row reset and read
operations begin after
the rising edge of the
Vd signal.
Row Readout
Programmed Integration
Integration due to
Slave Mode Delay
Row N
Reset operation is held during slave mode “Active” state.
Note:
The sensor read pointer will have paused at row 0 while the shutter pointer pauses at row N/2. The extra integration
caused by the slave mode delay will only be seen by rows 0 to N/2. The example below is for a frame readout
period of 16.6 ms while the integration time is configured to 8.33 ms.
Figure 31. Slave Mode Example Where the Integration Period is Half of the Frame Readout Period
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AR0331
pulse arrives while the slave mode is inactive, the VD pulse
will be ignored and will wait until the next VD pulse has
arrived.
To enter slave mode:
1. While in soft-standby, set R0x30CE[4] = 1 to enter
slave mode
2. Enable the input pins (TRIGGER) by setting
R0x301A[8] = 1
3. Enable streaming by setting R0x301A[2] = 1
4. Apply sync-pulses to the TRIGGER input
When the slave mode becomes active, the sensor will
pause both row read and row reset operations. (Note: The
row integration period is defined as the period from row
reset to row read.) The frame-time should therefore be
configured so that the slave mode “wait period” is as short
as possible. In the case where the sensor integration time is
shorter than the frame time, the “wait period” will only
increase the integration of the rows that have been reset
following the last VD pulse.
The period between slave mode pulses must also be
greater than the frame period. If the rising edge of the VD
FRAME READOUT
The sensor readout begins with vertical blanking rows
followed by the active rows. The frame readout period can
be defined by the number of row periods within a frame
(frame_length_lines)
and
the
row
period
1/60s
1/60s
Row Reset
(line_length_pck/clk_pix). The sensor will read the first
vertical blanking row at the beginning of the frame period
and the last active row at the end of the row period.
Row Read Row Reset
Row Read
Vertical Blanking
Active Rows
Row Reset
Time
Row Read
Row Reset
Row Read
End of Frame
Readout
Start of Frame
Start of Active Row
HB (136 Pixels/Column)
1928 x 1088
VB
(37 Rows)
Serial SYNC Codes
Start of Vertical Blanking
VB
(37 Rows)
End of Frame
Readout
HB (136Pixels/Column)
1928 x 1088
End of Line
End of Frame
Frame Valid
Line Valid
Note:
The frame valid and line valid signals mentioned in this diagram represent internal signals within the sensor. The SYNC
codes represented in this diagram represent the HiSPi Streaming−SP protocol.
Figure 32. Example of the Sensor Output of a 1928 x 1088 Frame at 60 fps
Figure 32 aligns the frame integration and readout
operation to the sensor output. It also shows the sensor
output using the HiSPi Streaming-SP protocol. Different
sensor protocols will list different SYNC codes.
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AR0331
Table 17. SERIAL SYNC CODES INCLUDED WITH EACH PROTOCOL INCLUDED WITH THE AR0331
SENSOR
Start of Vertical
Blanking Row
(SOV)
Interface/Protocol
Parallel
Start of Frame
(SOF)
Start of Active
Line (SOL)
End of Line
(EOL)
End of Frame
(EOF)
Parallel interface uses FRAME VALID (FV) and LINE VALID (LV) outputs to denote start and end of line and
frame.
HiSPi Streaming-S
Required
Unsupported
Required
Unsupported
Unsupported
HiSPi Streaming-SP
Required
Required
Required
Unsupported
Unsupported
HiSPi Packetized SP
Unsupported
Required
Required
Required
Required
Figure 33 illustrates how the sensor active readout time
can be minimized while reducing the frame rate. 1125 VB
rows were added to the output frame to reduce the 1928
x1088 frame rate from 60 fps to 30 fps without increasing the
delay between the readout of the first and last active row.
1/30 s
1/30 s
Row Reset
Row Read
Row Reset
Row Read
Vertical Blanking
Active Rows
Row Reset
Row Read
Row Reset
Row Read
End of Frame
Readout
End of Frame
Readout
Time
Serial SYNC Codes
Start of Vertical Blanking
VB
(37 Rows)
Start of Frame
1928 x 1088
H B (1236 P ix e ls )
VB
(37 Rows)
1928 x 1088
H B (1236 P ix e ls )
Start of Active Row
End of Line
End of Frame
Frame Valid
Line Valid
Note:
The frame valid and line valid signals mentioned in this diagram represent internal signals within the sensor.
The SYNC codes represented in this diagram represent the HiSPi Streaming−SP protocol.
Figure 33. Example of the Sensor Output of a 1928 x 1088 Frame at 30 fps
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AR0331
CHANGING SENSOR MODES
Register Changes
bit in R0x30B0[13]. When the context switch is configured
to context A the sensor will reference the context A registers.
If the context switch is changed from A to B during the
readout of frame n, the sensor will then reference the context
B coarse_integration_time registers in frame n+1 and all
other context B registers at the beginning of reading frame
n+2. The sensor will show the same behavior when
changing from context B to context A.
All register writes are delayed by one frame. A register
that is written to during the readout of frame n will not be
updated to the new value until the readout of frame n+2.
This includes writes to the sensor gain and integration
registers.
Real-Time Context Switching
In the AR0331, the user may switch between two full
register sets A and B by writing to a context switch change
Table 18. LIST OF CONFIGURABLE REGISTERS FOR CONTEXT A AND CONTEXT B
Context A
Register Description
Context B
Address
Register Description
Address
coarse_integration_time
0x3012
coarse_integration_time_cb
0x3016
line_length_pck
0x300C
line_length_pck_cb
0x303E
frame_length_lines
0x300A
frame_length_lines_cb
0x30AA
row_bin
0x3040[12]
row_bin_cb
0x3040[10]
col_bin
0x3040[13]
col_bin_cb
0x3040[11]
fine_gain
0x3060[3:0]
fine_gain_cb
0x3060[11:8]
coarse_gain
0x3060[5:4]
coarse_gain_cb
0x3060[13:12]
x_addr_start
0x3004
x_addr_start_cb
0x308A
y_addr_start
0x3002
y_addr_start_cb
0x308C
x_addr_end
0x3008
x_addr_end_cb
0x308E
y_addr_end
0x3006
y_addr_end_cb
0x3090
y_odd_inc
0x30A6
y_odd_inc_cb
0x30A8
x_odd_inc
0x30A2
x_odd_inc_cb
0x30AE
green1_gain
0x3056
green1_gain_cb
0x30BC
blue_gain
0x3058
blue_gain_cb
0x30BE
red_gain
0x305A
red_gain_cb
0x30C0
green2_gain
0x305C
green2_gain_cb
0x30C2
global_gain
0x305E
global_gain_cb
0x30C4
operation_mode_ctrl
0x3082
operation_mode_ctrl_cb
0x3084
bypass_pix_comb
0x318E[13:12]
bypass_pix_comb_cb
0x318E[15:14]
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AR0331
1/30 s
1/60 s
1/60 s
Vertical Blanking
Active Rows
Time
Start of Frame
HB (136 Pixels/Column)
1928x1088
Frame N
HB (136 Pixels/Column)
1928x1088
Frame N + 1
Integration time of context
Write context A to B
during readout of Frame N B mode implemented
during readout of frame
N+1
Start of Active Row
End of Frame
End of Frame
Readout
End of Frame
Readout
VB
(37 Rows)
Start of Vertical Blanking
VB
(37 Rows)
Serial SYNC Codes
VB
(37 Rows)
End of Frame
Readout
HB (76 Pixels/Column) )
2048x1536
Frame N + 2
Context B mode is
implemented in frame N+2
Figure 34. Example of Changing the Sensor from Context A to Context B
Combi Mode
Compression
To facilitate faster switching between linear and HDR
modes, the AR0331 includes a Combi Mode feature. When
enabled, Combi Mode loads a single (HDR) sequencer.
When switching from HDR to linear modes, the sequencer
remains the same, but only the T1 image is output. While not
optimized for linear mode operation, it allows faster mode
switching as a new sequencer load is not needed. Combi
Mode is enabled by setting bit R0x30BA[8]. See the
AR0331 Developer Guide for more information on Combi
Mode.
When the AR0331 is configured for linear mode
operation, the sensor can optionally compress 12-bit data to
10-bit using A-law compression. The compression is
applied after the data pedestal has been added to the data. See
“Pedestals”.
The A-law compression is disabled by default and can be
enabled by setting R0x31D0 from “0” to “1”.
Table 19. A−LAW COMPRESSION TABLE FOR 12−10 BITS
Input Values
Compressed Codeword
Input Range
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0 to 127
0
0
0
0
0
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
0
0
0
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
128 to 255
0
0
0
0
1
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
0
0
1
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
256 to 511
0
0
0
1
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
X
0
1
0
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
512 to 1023
0
0
1
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
X
X
0
1
1
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
1024 to 2047
0
1
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
X
X
1
0
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
2048 to 4095
1
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
X
X
X
1
1
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
Temperature Sensor
PTAT device characteristic response is quite linear in the
temperature range of operation required, a simple linear
function in the format of the equation below can be used to
convert the ADC output value to the final temperature in
degrees Celsius.
The AR0331 sensor has a built-in PTAT-based
temperature sensor, accessible through registers, that is
capable of measuring die junction temperature.
The temperature sensor can be enabled by writing
R0x30B4[0]=1 and R0x30B4[4]=1. After this, the
temperature sensor output value can be read from
R0x30B2[9:0].
The value read out from the temperature sensor register is
an ADC output value that needs to be converted downstream
to a final temperature value in degrees Celsius. Since the
Temperature + slope
R0x30B2[9 : 0] ) T 0
(eq. 9)
For this conversion, a minimum of two known points are
needed to construct the line formula by identifying the slope
and y-intercept “T0”. These calibration values can be read
from registers R0x30C6 and R0x30C8, which correspond to
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AR0331
• Embedded Data:
value read at 70°C and 55°C respectively. Once read, the
slope and y-intercept values can be calculated and used in
Equation 9.
For more information on the temperature sensor registers,
refer to the AR0331 Register Reference.
•
Embedded Data and Statistics
The AR0331 has the capability to output image data and
statistics embedded within the frame timing. There are two
types of information embedded within the frame readout.
If enabled, these are displayed on the two rows
immediately before the first active pixel row is
displayed.
Embedded Statistics:
If enabled, these are displayed on the two rows
immediately after the last active pixel row is displayed.
Register Data
Image
HBlank
Status & Statistics Data
VBlank
Figure 35. Frame Format with Embedded Data Lines Enabled
Embedded Data
The embedded data contains the configuration of the
image being displayed. This includes all register settings
used to capture the current frame. The registers embedded
in these rows are as follows:
• Line 1: Registers R0x3000 to R0x312F
• Line 2: Registers R0x3136 to R0x31BF, R0x31D0 to
R0x31FF
Embedded Statistics
The embedded statistics contain frame identifiers and
histogram information of the image in the frame. This can be
used by downstream auto-exposure algorithm blocks to
make decisions about exposure adjustment.
This histogram is divided into 244 bins with a bin spacing
of 64 evenly spaced bins for digital code values 0 to 28, 120
evenly spaced bins for values 28 to 212, 60 evenly spaced
bins for values 212 to 216. In HDR with a 16x exposure ratio,
this approximately corresponds to the T1 and T2 exposures
respectively. The statistics found in line 2 are for backwards
compatibility. It is recommended that auto exposure
algorithms be developed using the histogram statistics on
line 1.
The first pixel of each line in the embedded statistics is a
tag value of 0x0B0. This signifies that all subsequent
statistics data is 10 bit data aligned to the MSB of the 12-bit
pixel.
Figure 36 summarizes how the embedded statistics
transmission looks like. It should be noted that data, as
shown in Figure 36, is aligned to the MSB of each word:
NOTE: All undefined registers will have a value of 0.
The format of the embedded register data transmission is
defined per the embedded data section of the SMIA
Function Specification.
In parallel mode, since the pixel word depth is 12
bits/pixel, the sensor 16-bit register data will be transferred
over 2 pixels where the register data will be broken up into
8 MSB and 8 LSB. The alignment of the 8-bit data will be
on the 8 MSB bits of the 12-bit pixel word. For example, if
a register value of 0x1234 is to be transmitted, it will be
transmitted over two, 12-bit pixels as follows: 0x120,
0x340.
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AR0331
statsline1
data_format_
code=8’h0B
#words=
10’h1EC
{2’b00,frame {2’b00,frame {2’b00,frame
_countLSB}
_IDMSB}
_IDLSB}
histogram
bin0[19:10]
histogram
bin0[9:0]
histogram
bin243 [19:0]
histogram
bin243 [9:0]
8’h07
histBegin
[9:0]
histEnd
[19:10]
histEnd
[9:0]
histogram
bin1 [19:0]
histogram
bin1[9:0]
mean
[19:10]
mean
[9:0]
8’h07
statsline2
data_format_
code=8’h0B
#words=
10’h00C
histBegin
[19:10]
lowEndMean lowEndMean perc_lowEnd perc_lowEnd norm_abs_
[19:10]
[9:0]
[19:10]
[9:0]
dev[19:10]
norm_abs_
dev[9:0]
8’h07
Figure 36. Format of Embedded Statistics Output within a Frame
Test Patterns
The statistics embedded in these rows are as follows:
The AR0331 has the capability of injecting a number of
test patterns into the top of the datapath to debug the digital
logic. With one of the test patterns activated, any of the
datapath functions can be enabled to exercise it in a
deterministic fashion. Test patterns are selected by
Test_Pattern_Mode register (R0x3070). Only one of the test
patterns can be enabled at a given point in time by setting the
Test_Pattern_Mode register according to Table 20. When
test patterns are enabled the active area will receive the value
specified by the selected test pattern and the dark pixels will
receive the value in Test_Pattern_Green (R0x3074 and
R0x3078) for green pixels, Test_Pattern_Blue (R0x3076)
for blue pixels, and Test_Pattern_Red (R0x3072) for red
pixels.
Line 1:
• 0x0B0 − identifier
• Register 0x303A − frame_count
• Register 0x31D2 − frame ID
• Histogram data − histogram bins 0−243
Line 2:
• 0x0B0 (TAG)
• Mean
• Histogram Begin
• Histogram End
• Low End Histogram Mean
• Percentage of Pixels Below Low End Mean
• Normal Absolute Deviation
Table 20. TEST PATTERN MODES
Test_Pattern_Mode
Test Pattern Output
0
No Test Pattern (Normal Operation)
1
Solid Color Test Pattern
2
100% Vertical Color Bars Test Pattern
3
Fade-to-Gray Vertical Color Bars Test Pattern
256
Walking 1s Test Pattern (12-bit)
Walking 1s
When the walking 1 s mode is selected, a walking 1 s
pattern will be sent through the digital pipeline. The first
value in each row is 1.
Solid Color
When the color field mode is selected, the value for each
pixel is determined by its color. Green pixels will receive the
value in Test_Pattern_Green, red pixels will receive the
value in Test_Pattern_Red, and blue pixels will receive the
value in Test_Pattern_Blue.
Vertical Color Bars
When the vertical color bars mode is selected, a typical
color bar pattern will be sent through the digital pipeline.
www.onsemi.com
36
AR0331
TWO-WIRE SERIAL REGISTER INTERFACE
The two-wire serial interface bus enables read/write
access to control and status registers within the AR0331.
The interface protocol uses a master/slave model in which
a master controls one or more slave devices. The sensor acts
as a slave device. The master generates a clock (SCLK) that
is an input to the sensor and is used to synchronize transfers.
Data is transferred between the master and the slave on a
bidirectional signal (SDATA). SDATA is pulled up to VDD_IO
off-chip by a 1.5 kΩ resistor. Either the slave or master
device can drive SDATA LOW—the interface protocol
determines which device is allowed to drive SDATA at any
given time.
The protocols described in the two-wire serial interface
specification allow the slave device to drive SCLKLOW; the
AR0331 uses SCLK as an input only and therefore never
drives it LOW.
address) and 0x21 (read address) in accordance with the
specification. Alternate slave addresses of 0x30 (write
address) and 0x31 (read address) can be selected by enabling
and asserting the SADDR input.
An alternate slave address can also be programmed
through R0x31FC.
Message Byte
Message bytes are used for sending register addresses and
register write data to the slave device and for retrieving
register read data.
Acknowledge Bit
Each 8-bit data transfer is followed by an acknowledge bit
or a no-acknowledge bit in the SCLK clock period following
the data transfer. The transmitter (which is the master when
writing, or the slave when reading) releases SDATA. The
receiver indicates an acknowledge bit by driving SDATA
LOW. As for data transfers, SDATA can change when SCLK
is LOW and must be stable while SCLK is HIGH.
Protocol
Data transfers on the two-wire serial interface bus are
performed by a sequence of low-level protocol elements:
1. a (repeated) start condition
2. a slave address/data direction byte
3. an (a no) acknowledge bit
4. a message byte
5. a stop condition
No-Acknowledge Bit
The no-acknowledge bit is generated when the receiver
does not drive SDATA LOW during the SCLK clock period
following a data transfer. A no-acknowledge bit is used to
terminate a read sequence.
The bus is idle when both SCLK and SDATA are HIGH.
Control of the bus is initiated with a start condition, and the
bus is released with a stop condition. Only the master can
generate the start and stop conditions.
Typical Sequence
A typical READ or WRITE sequence begins by the
master generating a start condition on the bus. After the start
condition, the master sends the 8-bit slave address/data
direction byte. The last bit indicates whether the request is
for a read or a write, where a “0” indicates a write and a “1”
indicates a read. If the address matches the address of the
slave device, the slave device acknowledges receipt of the
address by generating an acknowledge bit on the bus.
If the request was a WRITE, the master then transfers the
16-bit register address to which the WRITE should take
place. This transfer takes place as two 8-bit sequences and
the slave sends an acknowledge bit after each sequence to
indicate that the byte has been received. The master then
transfers the data as an 8-bit sequence; the slave sends an
acknowledge bit at the end of the sequence. The master stops
writing by generating a (re)start or stop condition.
If the request was a READ, the master sends the 8-bit write
slave address/data direction byte and 16-bit register address,
the same way as with a WRITE request. The master then
generates a (re)start condition and the 8-bit read slave
address/data direction byte, and clocks out the register data,
8 bits at a time. The master generates an acknowledge bit
after each 8-bit transfer. The slave’s internal register address
is automatically incremented after every 8 bits are
transferred. The data transfer is stopped when the master
sends a no-acknowledge bit.
Start Condition
A start condition is defined as a HIGH-to-LOW transition
on SDATA while SCLK is HIGH. At the end of a transfer, the
master can generate a start condition without previously
generating a stop condition; this is known as a “repeated
start” or “restart” condition.
Stop Condition
A stop condition is defined as a LOW-to-HIGH transition
on SDATA while SCLK is HIGH.
Data Transfer
Data is transferred serially, 8 bits at a time, with the MSB
transmitted first. Each byte of data is followed by an
acknowledge bit or a no-acknowledge bit. This data transfer
mechanism is used for the slave address/data direction byte
and for message bytes.
One data bit is transferred during each SCLK clock period.
SDATA can change when SCLK is LOW and must be stable
while SCLK is HIGH.
Slave Address/Data Direction Byte
Bits [7:1] of this byte represent the device slave address
and bit [0] indicates the data transfer direction. A “0” in bit
[0] indicates a WRITE, and a “1” indicates a READ. The
default slave addresses used by the AR0331 are 0x20 (write
www.onsemi.com
37
AR0331
Single READ from Random Location
register data. The master terminates the READ by
generating a no-acknowledge bit followed by a stop
condition. Figure 37 shows how the internal register address
maintained by the AR0331 is loaded and incremented as the
sequence proceeds.
This sequence (Figure 37) starts with a dummy WRITE to
the 16-bit address that is to be used for the READ. The
master terminates the WRITE by generating a restart
condition. The master then sends the 8-bit read slave
address/data direction byte and clocks out one byte of
Previous Reg Address, N
S
Slave
Address
0 A
S = Start Condition
P = Stop Condition
Sr = Restart Condition
A = Acknowledge
A = No-acknowledge
Reg
Address[15:8]
Reg Address, M
Reg
Address[7:0]
A
A Sr
Slave Address
1 A
M+1
Read Data
A
P
Slave to Master
Master to Slave
Figure 37. Single READ from Random Location
Single READ From Current Location
master terminates the READ by generating a
no-acknowledge bit followed by a stop condition. The figure
shows two independent READ sequences.
This sequence (Figure 38) performs a read using the
current value of the AR0331 internal register address. The
Previous Reg Address, N
S Slave Address 1 A
Read Data
N+1
A
N+2
Read Data
A
N+L−1
Read Data
A
Read Data
N+L
A
P
Figure 38. Single READ from Current Location
Sequential READ, Start From Random Location
has been transferred, the master generates an acknowledge
bit and continues to perform byte WRITEs until “L” bytes
have been written. The WRITE is terminated by the master
generating a stop condition.
This sequence (Figure 42) starts in the same way as the
single WRITE to random location (Figure 41). Instead of
generating a no-acknowledge bit after the first byte of data
Previous Reg Address, N
S
Slave Address
0 A Reg Address[15:8]
M+1
Read Data
A Reg Address[7:0]
M+2
A
Read Data
Reg Address, M
M+3
A Sr
Slave Address
M+L−2
A
Read Data
1 A
M+L−1
A
Read Data
Figure 39. Sequential READ, Start from Random Location
www.onsemi.com
38
M+1
Read Data
M+L
A P
A
AR0331
Sequential READ, Start From Current Location
has been transferred, the master generates an acknowledge
bit and continues to perform byte READs until “L” bytes
have been read.
This sequence (Figure 40) starts in the same way as the
single READ from current location (Figure 38). Instead of
generating a no-acknowledge bit after the first byte of data
Previous Reg Address, N
S Slave Address 1 A
N+1
Read Data
A
N+2
Read Data
A
N+L−1
Read Data
A
Read Data
N+L
A
P
Figure 40. Sequential READ, Start from Current Location
Single WRITE to Random Location
then LOW bytes of the register address that is to be written.
The master follows this with the byte of write data. The
WRITE is terminated by the master generating a stop
condition.
This sequence (Figure 41) begins with the master
generating a start condition. The slave address/data
direction byte signals a WRITE and is followed by the HIGH
Previous Reg Address, N
S
Slave Address
0 A
Reg Address[15:8]
A
Reg Address, M
Reg Address[7:0]
A
Write Data
M+1
A P
A
Figure 41. Single WRITE to Random Location
Sequential WRITE, Start at Random Location
has been transferred, the master generates an acknowledge
bit and continues to perform byte WRITEs until “L” bytes
have been written. The WRITE is terminated by the master
generating a stop condition.
This sequence (Figure 42) starts in the same way as the
single WRITE to random location (Figure 41). Instead of
generating a no−acknowledge bit after the first byte of data
Previous Reg Address, N
S
Slave Address
0 A
M+1
Write Data
Reg Address[15:8]
A
M+2
A
Write Data
Reg Address, M
Reg Address[7:0]
M+3
A
Write Data
M+L−2
A
Write Data
39
A
M+L−1
A
Figure 42. Sequential WRITE, Start at Random Location
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M+1
Write Data
M+L
A
A
P
AR0331
SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS
65
Red
60
G re e n
55
Blue
50
Quantum Efficiency (%)
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
350
450
550
650
750
850
Wavelength (nm)
Figure 43. Quantum Efficiency
www.onsemi.com
40
950
1050
1150
AR0331
ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Unless otherwise stated, the following specifications
apply under the following conditions:
• VDD = 1.8 V – 0.10/+0.15; VDD_IO = VDD_PLL = VAA
= VAA_PIX = 2.8 V ±0.3 V;
• VDD_SLVS = 0.4 V – 0.1/+0.2; TA = −30°C to +85°C;
output load = 10 pF;
• frequency = 74.25 MHz; HiSPi off.
Two-Wire Serial Register Interface
The electrical characteristics of the two-wire serial
register interface (SCLK, SDATA) are shown in Figure 44 and
Table 21.
SDATA
tLOW
tf
tSU;DAT
tr
tf
tHD;STA
tr
tBUF
SCLK
S
tHD;STA
tHD;DAT
tHIGH
tSU;STA
tSU;STO
Sr
P
S
Note: Read sequence: For an 8-bit READ, read waveforms start after WRITE command and register address are issued.
Figure 44. Two-Wire Serial Bus Timing Parameters
Table 21. TWO−WIRE SERIAL BUS CHARACTERISTICS
(fEXTCLK = 27 MHz; VDD = 1.8 V; VDD_IO = 2.8 V; VAA = 2.8 V; VAA_PIX = 2.8 V; VDD_PLL = 2.8 V; VDD_DAC = 2.8 V; TA = 25°C)
Standard Mode
Fast Mode
Symbol
Min
Max
Min
Max
Unit
fSCL
0
100
0
400
KHz
tHD;STA
4.0
−
0.6
−
μS
LOW Period of the SCLK Clock
tLOW
4.7
−
1.3
−
μS
HIGH Period of the SCLK Clock
tHIGH
4.0
−
0.6
−
μS
Set up Time for a Repeated START Condition
tSU;STA
4.7
−
0.6
−
μS
Data Hold Time
tHD;DAT
0
(Note 4)
3.45
(Note 5)
0
(Note 6)
0.9
(Note 5)
μS
Data Set-up Time
tSU;DAT
250
−
100
(Note 6)
−
nS
Rise Time of Both SDATA and SCLK Signals
tr
−
1000
20 + 0.1Cb
(Note 7)
300
nS
Fall Time of Both SDATA and SCLK Signals
tf
−
300
20 + 0.1Cb
(Note 7)
300
nS
tSU;STO
4.0
−
0.6
−
μS
tBUF
4.7
−
1.3
−
μS
Parameter
SCLK Clock Frequency
Hold Time (Repeated) START Condition
After this period, the first clock pulse is generated
Set-up Time for STOP Condition
Bus Free Time between a STOP and START
Condition
Capacitive Load for Each bus Line
Serial Interface Input pin Capacitance
SDATA Max Load Capacitance
SDATA Pull-up Resistor
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cb
−
400
−
400
pF
CIN_SI
−
3.3
−
3.3
pF
CLOAD_SD
−
30
−
30
pF
RSD
1.5
4.7
1.5
4.7
KΩ
I2C
This table is based on
standard (v2.1 January 2000). Philips Semiconductor.
Two-wire control is I2C-compatible.
All values referred to VIHmin = 0.9 VDD and VILmax = 0.1 VDD levels. Sensor EXCLK = 27 MHz.
A device must internally provide a hold time of at least 300 ns for the SDATA signal to bridge the undefined region of the falling edge of SCLK.
www.onsemi.com
41
AR0331
5. The maximum tHD;DAT has only to be met if the device does not stretch the LOW period (tLOW) of the SCLK signal.
6. A Fast-mode I2C-bus device can be used in a Standard-mode I2C-bus system, but the requirement tSU;DAT 250 ns must then be met. This
will automatically be the case if the device does not stretch the LOW period of the SCLK signal. If such a device does stretch the LOW period
of the SCLK signal, it must output the next data bit to the SDATA line tr max + tSU;DAT = 1000 + 250 = 1250 ns (according to the Standard-mode
I2C-bus specification) before the SCLK line is released.
7. Cb = total capacitance of one bus line in pF.
I/O Timing
See Figure 45 below and Table 22 for I/O timing (AC)
characteristics.
By default, the AR0331 launches pixel data, FV, and LV
with the rising edge of PIXCLK. The expectation is that the
user captures DOUT[11:0], FV, and LV using the falling edge
of PIXCLK.
tR
tF
tRP
tFP
90 %
90 %
10 %
10 %
tEXTCLK
EXTCLK
tCP
PIXCLK
tPD
tPD
Pxl_0
Data[11:0]
FRAME_VALID/
Pxl_1
Pxl_2
Pxl_n
tPFH
tPFL
tPLH
tPLL
FRAME_VALID leads LINE_VALID by 6 PIXCLKs.
LINE_VALID
FRAME_VALID trails
LINE_VALID by 6 PIXCLKs.
*PLL disabled for tCP
Figure 45. I/O Timing Diagram
Table 22. I/O TIMING CHARACTERISTICS
Symbol
Definition
fEXTCLK1
Input Clock Frequency
tEXTCLK1
Input Clock Period
t(PIX
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
6
–
48
MHz
20.8
–
166
ns
tR
Input Clock Rise Time
–
3
–
ns
tF
Input Clock Fall Time
–
3
–
ns
tRP
Pixclk Rise Time
–
4
–
ns
tFP
Pixclk Fall Time
–
4
–
ns
Clock Duty Cycle
40
50
60
%
JITTER)
tCP
fPIXCLK
tPD
Jitter on PIXCLK
–
1
EXTCLK to PIXCLK Propagation Delay
Nominal voltages,
PLL Disabled
–
11.3
PIXCLK Frequency
Default,
Nominal Voltages
6
PIXCLK to Data Valid
Default,
Nominal Voltages
–
www.onsemi.com
42
2.3
ns
–
ns
74.25
MHz
–
ns
AR0331
Table 22. I/O TIMING CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
Symbol
tPFH
tPLH
tPFL
tPLL
CLOAD
CIN
Definition
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
PIXCLK to FV HIGH
Default,
Nominal Voltages
–
1.5
–
ns
PIXCLK to LV HIGH
Default,
Nominal Voltages
–
2.3
–
ns
PIXCLK to FV LOW
Default,
Nominal Voltages
–
1.5
–
ns
PIXCLK to LV LOW
Default,
Nominal Voltages
–
2
–
ns
Output Load Capacitance
–
<10
–
pF
Input Pin Capacitance
–
2.5
–
pF
1. I/O timing characteristics are measured under the following conditions:
− Temperature is 25°C ambient
− 10 pF load
DC Electrical Characteristics
The DC electrical characteristics are shown in the tables
below.
Table 23. DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Symbol
VDD
VDD_IO
Definition
Condition
Core Digital Voltage
Typ
Max
Unit
1.7
1.8
1.95
V
1.7/2.5
1.8/2.8
1.9/3.1
V
Analog Voltage
2.5
2.8
3.1
V
VAA_PIX
Pixel Supply Voltage
2.5
2.8
3.1
V
VDD_PLL
PLL Supply Voltage
2.5
2.8
3.1
V
HiSPi Supply Voltage
0.3
0.4
0.6
V
VAA
VDD_SLVS
I/O Digital Voltage
Min
VIH
Input HIGH Voltage
VDD_IO*0.7
–
–
V
VIL
Input LOW Voltage
–
–
VDD_IO*0.3
V
IIN
Input Leakage Current
20
–
–
μA
VOH
Output HIGH Voltage
VDD_IO−0.3
–
–
V
VOL
Output LOW Voltage
–
–
0.4
V
IOH
Output HIGH Current
At Specified VOH
−22
–
–
mA
IOL
Output LOW Current
At Specified VOL
–
–
22
mA
No Pull-up Resistor; VIN = VDD_IO or DGND
Product parametric performance is indicated in the Electrical Characteristics for the listed test conditions, unless otherwise noted. Product
performance may not be indicated by the Electrical Characteristics if operated under different conditions.
CAUTION: Stresses greater than those listed in Table 14 may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating
only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the
operational sections of this specification is not implied
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43
AR0331
Table 24. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Symbol
Definition
Min
Max
Unit
VDD_MAX
Core digital voltage
–0.3
2.4
V
VDD_IO_MAX
I/O digital voltage
–0.3
4
V
VAA_MAX
Analog voltage
–0.3
4
V
VAA_PIX
Pixel supply voltage
–0.3
4
V
VDD_PLL
PLL supply voltage
–0.3
4
V
VDD_SLVS_MAX
HiSPi I/O digital voltage
–0.3
2.4
V
tST
Storage temperature
–40
85
°C
Stresses exceeding those listed in the Maximum Ratings table may damage the device. If any of these limits are exceeded, device functionality
should not be assumed, damage may occur and reliability may be affected.
Table 25. OPERATING CURRENT CONSUMPTION IN PARALLEL OUTPUT AND LINEAR MODE
Definition
Condition
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Digital Operating Current
Streaming, 2048x1536 20 fps
IDD1
–
122
137
mA
I/O Digital Operating Current
Streaming, 2048x1536 20 fps
IDD_IO
–
25
30
mA
Analog Operating Current
Streaming, 2048x1536 20 fps
IAA
–
32
38
mA
Pixel Supply Current
Streaming, 2048x1536 20 fps
IAA_PIX
–
7
12
mA
PLL Supply Current
Streaming, 2048x1536 20 fps
IDD_PLL
–
8
12
mA
Digital Operating Current
Streaming, 1080p30
IDD1
–
122
137
mA
I/O Digital Operating Current
Streaming, 1080p30
IDD_IO
−
25
30
mA
Analog Operating Current
Streaming, 1080p30
IAA
–
35
40
mA
Pixel Supply Current
Streaming, 1080p30
IAA_PIX
–
7
12
mA
PLL Supply Current
Streaming, 1080p30
IDD_PLL
–
8
12
mA
1. Operating currents are measured at the following conditions:
VAA = VAA_PIX = VDD_PLL = 2.8 V
VDD = VDD_IO = 1.8 V
PLL Enabled and PIXCLK = 74.25 MHz
TA = 25°C
Table 26. OPERATING CURRENT CONSUMPTION IN PARALLEL OUTPUT AND HDR MODE
Definition
Condition
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Digital Operating Current
Streaming, 2048x1536 20 fps
IDD
–
156
173
mA
I/O Digital Operating Current
Streaming, 2048x1536 20 fps
IDD_IO
–
30
35
mA
Analog Operating Current
Streaming, 2048x1536 20 fps
IAA
–
50
65
mA
Pixel Supply Current
Streaming, 2048x1536 20 fps
IAA_PIX
–
9
14
mA
PLL Supply Current
Streaming, 2048x1536 20 fps
IDD_PLL
–
8
12
mA
Digital Operating Current
Streaming, 1080p30
IDD
–
161
184
mA
I/O Digital Operating Current
Streaming, 1080p30
IDD_IO
–
30
35
mA
Analog Operating Current
Streaming, 1080p30
IAA
–
54
70
mA
Pixel Supply Current
Streaming, 1080p30
IAA_PIX
–
9
14
mA
PLL Supply Current
Streaming, 1080p30
IDD_PLL
–
8
12
mA
1. Operating currents are measured at the following conditions:
VAA = VAA_PIX = VDD_PLL = 2.8 V
VDD = VDD_IO = 1.8 V
PLL Enabled and PIXCLK = 74.25 MHz
PLL Enabled and PIXCLK = 74.25 MHz
TA = 25°C
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44
AR0331
Table 27. OPERATING CURRENT IN HiSPi (HIVCM) OUTPUT AND LINEAR MODE
Definition
Condition
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Digital Operating Current
Streaming, 2048x1536 30fps
IDD
–
252
278
mA
Analog Operating Current
Streaming, 2048x1536 30fps
IAA
–
27
35
mA
Pixel Supply Current
Streaming, 2048x1536 30fps
IAA_PIX
–
5
10
mA
PLL Supply Current
Streaming, 2048x1536 30fps
IDD_PLL
–
8
12
mA
SLVS Supply Current
Streaming, 2048x1536 30fps
IDD_SLVS
–
22
26
mA
Digital Operating Current
Streaming, 1080p60
IDD
–
276
302
mA
Analog Operating Current
Streaming, 1080p60
IAA
–
37
45
mA
Pixel Supply Current
Streaming, 1080p60
IAA_PIX
–
7
12
mA
PLL Supply Current
Streaming, 1080p60
IDD_PLL
–
8
12
mA
SLVS Supply Current
Streaming, 1080p60
IDD_SLVS
–
22
26
mA
1. Operating currents are measured at the following conditions:
VAA = VAA_PIX = VDD_PLL=2.8 V
VDD = VDD_IO= 1.8 V
VDD_SLVS = 1.8 V
PLL Enabled and PIXCLK=74.25 Mhz
TA = 25°C
Table 28. OPERATING CURRENT IN HiSPi (HIVCM) OUTPUT AND HDR MODE
Definition
Condition
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Digital Operating Current
Streaming, 2048x1536 30fps
IDD
–
317
358
mA
Analog Operating Current
Streaming, 2048x1536 30fps
IAA
–
45
55
mA
Pixel Supply Current
Streaming, 2048x1536 30fps
IAA_PIX
–
8
13
mA
PLL Supply Current
Streaming, 2048x1536 30fps
IDD_PLL
–
8
12
mA
SLVS Supply Current
Streaming, 2048x1536 30fps
IDD_SLVS
–
22
26
mA
Digital Operating Current
Streaming, 1080p60
IDD
–
323
358
mA
Analog Operating Current
Streaming, 1080p60
IAA
–
55
70
mA
Pixel Supply Current
Streaming, 1080p60
IAA_PIX
–
9
14
mA
PLL Supply Current
Streaming, 1080p60
IDD_PLL
–
8
12
mA
SLVS Supply Current
Streaming, 1080p60
IDD_SLVS
–
24
28
mA
1. Operating currents are measured at the following conditions:
VAA = VAA_PIX = VDD_PLL=2.8 V
VDD = VDD_IO= 1.8 V
VDD_SLVS = 1.8 V
PLL Enabled and PIXCLK = 74.25 MHz
TA = 25°C
Table 29. OPERATING CURRENT IN HiSPi (SLVS) OUTPUT AND LINEAR MODE
Definition
Condition
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Digital Operating Current
Streaming, 2048x1536 30fps
IDD
–
252
278
mA
Analog Operating Current
Streaming, 2048x1536 30fps
IAA
–
27
35
mA
Pixel Supply Current
Streaming, 2048x1536 30fps
IAA_PIX
–
5
10
mA
PLL Supply Current
Streaming, 2048x1536 30fps
IDD_PLL
–
8
12
mA
SLVS Supply Current
Streaming, 2048x1536 30fps
IDD_SLVS
–
9
13
mA
Digital Operating Current
Streaming, 1080p60
IDD
–
276
302
mA
Analog Operating Current
Streaming, 1080p60
IAA
–
37
45
mA
Pixel Supply Current
Streaming, 1080p60
IAA_PIX
–
7
12
mA
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AR0331
Table 29. OPERATING CURRENT IN HiSPi (SLVS) OUTPUT AND LINEAR MODE (continued)
Definition
Condition
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
PLL Supply Current
Streaming, 1080p60
IDD_PLL
–
8
12
mA
SLVS Supply Current
Streaming, 1080p60
IDD_SLVS
–
9
13
mA
1. Operating currents are measured at the following conditions:
VAA = VAA_PIX= VDD_PLL=2.8 V
VDD =VDD_IO= 1.8 V
VDD_SLVS = 0.4 V
PLL Enabled and PIXCLK=74.25 MHz
TA = 25°C
Table 30. OPERATING CURRENT IN HiSPi (SLVS) OUTPUT AND HDR MODE
Definition
Condition
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Digital Operating Current
Streaming, 2048x1536 30fps
IDD
–
317
358
mA
Analog Operating Current
Streaming, 2048x1536 30fps
IAA
–
45
55
mA
Pixel Supply Current
Streaming, 2048x1536 30fps
IAA_PIX
–
8
13
mA
PLL Supply Current
Streaming, 2048x1536 30fps
IDD_PLL
–
8
12
mA
SLVS Supply Current
Streaming, 2048x1536 30fps
IDD_SLVS
–
9
13
mA
Digital Operating Current
Streaming, 1080p60
IDD
–
323
358
mA
Analog Operating Current
Streaming, 1080p60
IAA
–
55
70
mA
Pixel Supply Current
Streaming, 1080p60
IAA_PIX
–
9
14
mA
PLL Supply Current
Streaming, 1080p60
IDD_PLL
–
8
12
mA
SLVS Supply Current
Streaming, 1080p60
IDD_SLVS
–
9
13
mA
1. Operating currents are measured at the following conditions:
VAA=VAA_PIX= VDD_PLL=2.8 V
VDD = VDD_IO= 1.8 V
VDD_SLVS = 0.4 V
PLL Enabled and PIXCLK=74.25 MHz
TA = 25°C
HiSPi Electrical Specifications
supply in this datasheet corresponds to VDD_TX in the
HiSPi Physical Layer Specification. Similarly, VDD is
equivalent to VDD_HiSPi as referenced in the specification.
The DLL as implemented on AR0331 is limited in the
number of available delay steps and differs from the HiSPi
specification as described in this section.
The ON Semiconductor AR0331 sensor supports both
SLVS and HiVCM HiSPi modes. Please refer to the
High-Speed Serial Pixel (HiSPi) Interface Physical Layer
Specification v2.00.00 for electrical definitions,
specifications, and timing information. The VDD_SLVS
Table 31. CHANNEL SKEW
(Measurement Conditions: VDD_HiSPi = 1.8 V; VDD_HiSPi_TX = 0.8 V; Data Rate = 480 Mbps; DLL set to 0)
Data Lane Skew in Reference to Clock
tCHSKEW1PHY
−150
ps
Table 32. CLOCK DLL STEPS
(Measurement Conditions: VDD_HiSPi = 1.8 V; VDD_HiSPi_TX = 0.8 V; Data DLL set to 0)
Clock DLL Step
1
2
3
4
5
6
Delay at 660 Mbps
0.25
0.375
0.5
0.625
0.75
UI
Eye_opening at 660 Mbps
0.85
0.78
0.71
0.71
0.69
UI
1. The Clock DLL Steps 6 and 7 are not recommended by ON Semiconductor for the AR0331.
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AR0331
Table 33. DATA DLL STEPS
(Measurement Conditions: VDD_HiSPi = 1.8 V;VDD_HiSPi_TX = 0.8 V; Data DLL set to 0)
Clock DLL Step
1
2
4
6
Step
Delay at 660 Mbps
0.25
0.375
0.625
0.875
UI
Eye opening at 660 Mbps
0.79
0.84
0.71
0.61
UI
Eye opening at 360 MHz
0.85
0.83
0.82
0.77
UI
1. The Data DLL Steps 3, 5, and 7 are not recommended by ON Semiconductor for the AR0331.
POWER-ON RESET AND STANDBY TIMING
Power-Up Sequence
6. After the last power supply is stable, enable
EXTCLK
7. Assert RESET_BAR for at least 1 ms. The parallel
interface will be tri-stated during this time
8. Wait 150000 EXTCLKs (for internal initialization
into software standby
9. Configure PLL, output, and image settings to
desired values
10. Wait 1ms for the PLL to lock
11. Set streaming mode (R0x301a[2] = 1)
The recommended power-up sequence for the AR0331 is
shown in Figure 46. The available power supplies (VDD_IO,
VDD, VDD_SLVS, VDD_PLL, VAA, VAA_PIX) must have the
separation specified below.
1. Turn on VDD_PLL power supply
2. After 100 μs, turn on VAA and VAA_PIX power
supply
3. After 100 μs, turn on VDD_IO power supply
4. After 100 μs, turn on VDD power supply
5. After 100 μs, turn on VDD_SLVS power supply
V DD _PLL (2.8)
t0
V AA _PIX
V AA (2.8)
V DD _IO (1.8/2.8)
V DD(1.8)
t1
t2
t3
VDD _SLVS (0.4)
EXTCLK
t4
RESET_BAR
tx
t5
Hard Reset
Internal
Initialization
Figure 46. Power Up
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47
t6
Software
Standby
PLL Lock
Streaming
AR0331
Table 34. POWER UP SEQUENCE
Definition
Symbol
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
VDD_PLL to VAA/VAA_PIX (Note 3)
t0
0
100
–
μS
VAA/VAA_PIX to VDD_IO
t1
0
100
–
μS
VDD_IO to VDD
t2
0
100
–
μS
VDD to VDD_SLVS
t3
0
100
–
μS
Xtal Settle Time
tx
–
30 (Note 1)
–
mS
Hard Reset
t4
1 (Note 2)
–
–
mS
Internal Initialization
t5
150000
–
–
EXTCLKS
PLL Lock Time
t6
1
–
–
mS
1. Xtal settling time is component-dependent, usually taking about 10 – 100 mS.
2. Hard reset time is the minimum time required after power rails are settled. In a circuit where Hard reset is held down by RC circuit, then the
RC time must include the all power rail settle time and Xtal settle time.
3. It is critical that VDD_PLL is not powered up after the other power supplies. It must be powered before or at least at the same time as the
others. If the case happens that VDD_PLL is powered after other supplies then sensor may have functionality issues and will experience high
current draw on this supply.
Power-Down Sequence
2. The soft standby state is reached after the current
row or frame, depending on configuration, has
ended
3. Turn off VDD_SLVS
4. Turn off VDD
5. Turn off VDD_IO
6. Turn off VAA/VAA_PIX
7. Turn off VDD_PLL
The recommended power-down sequence for the AR0331
is shown in Figure 47. The available power supplies
(VDD_IO, VDD, VDD_SLVS, VDD_PLL, VAA, VAA_PIX)
must have the separation specified below.
1. Disable streaming if output is active by setting
standby R0x301a[2] = 0
VDD_SLVS (0.4)
t0
VDD (1.8)
t1
VDD_IO (1.8/2.8)
t2
VAA _PIX
VAA(2.8)
t3
VDD _PLL (2.8)
EXTCLK
t4
Power Down until next Power up cycle
Figure 47. Power Down
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AR0331
Table 35. POWER DOWN SEQUENCE
Definition
Symbol
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
VDD_SLVS to VDD
t0
0
–
–
μs
VDD to VDD_IO
t1
0
–
–
μs
VDD_IO to VAA/VAA_PIX
t2
0
–
–
μs
VAA/VAA_PIX to VDD_PLL
t3
0
–
–
μs
PwrDn until Next PwrUp Time
t4
100
–
–
ms
1. t4 is required between power down and next power up time; all decoupling caps from regulators must be completely discharged.
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49
AR0331
ILCC48 10 x 10
CASE 847AG
ISSUE O
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50
AR0331
IBGA63 9.5 x 9.5
CASE 503AM
ISSUE O
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51
AR0331
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