LTC1272 12-Bit, 3µs, 250kHz Sampling A/D Converter U FEATURES DESCRIPTIO ■ The LTC1272 is a 3µs, 12-bit, successive approximation sampling A/D converter. It has the same pinout as the industry standard AD7572 and offers faster conversion time, on-chip sample-and-hold, and single supply operation. It uses LTBiCMOSTM switched-capacitor technology to combine a high speed 12-bit ADC with a fast, accurate sample-and-hold and a precision reference. ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ AD7572 Pinout 12-Bit Resolution 3µs and 8µs Conversion Times On-Chip Sample-and-Hold Up to 250kHz Sample Rates 5V Single Supply Operation No Negative Supply Required On-Chip 25ppm/°C Reference 75mW (Typ) Power Consumption 24-Pin Narrow DIP and SOL Packages ESD Protected on All Pins The LTC1272 operates with a single 5V supply but can also accept the 5V/–15V supplies required by the AD7572 (Pin 23, the negative supply pin of the AD7572, is not connected on the LTC1272). The LTC1272 has the same 0V to 5V input range as the AD7572 but, to achieve single supply operation, it provides a 2.42V reference output instead of the – 5.25V of the AD7572. It plugs in for the AD7572 if the reference capacitor polarity is reversed and a 1µs sampleand-hold acquisition time is allowed between conversions. U APPLICATIO S ■ ■ ■ ■ High Speed Data Acquisition Digital Signal Processing (DSP) Multiplexed Data Acquisition Systems Single Supply Systems The output data can be read as a 12-bit word or as two 8-bit bytes. This allows easy interface to both 8-bit and higher processors. The LTC1272 can be used with a crystal or an external clock and comes in speed grades of 3ms and 8ms. , LT, LTC and LTM are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. LTBiCMOS is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. U TYPICAL APPLICATIO Single 5V Supply, 3µs, 12-Bit Sampling ADC + 0.1µF 8 OR 12-BIT PARALLEL BUS 10µF 0 A IN VDD VREF NC AGND 10 µ F + –20 BUSY D11 (MSB) CS D10 RD D9 HBEN D8 CLK OUT D7 CLK IN D6 D0/8 D5 D1/9 D4 D2/10 DGND D3/11 S = 72.1 (N+D) 0.1µ F –40 µP CONTROL LINES AMPLITUDE (dB) 2.42V VREF OUTPUT ANALOG INPUT (0V TO 5V) 1024 Point FFT, fS = 250kHz, fIN = 10kHz 5V LTC1272 –60 –80 –100 –120 –140 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 FREQUENCY (kHz) LTC1272 • TA02 LTC1272 • TA01 1272fb 1 LTC1272 W W W (Notes 1 and 2) AXI U U ABSOLUTE RATI GS Supply Voltage (VDD) ................................................. 6V Analog Input Voltage (Note 3) ...................– 0.3V to 15V Digital Input Voltage ..................................– 0.3V to 12V Digital Output Voltage .................... – 0.3V to VDD + 0.3V Power Dissipation.............................................. 500mW Operating Temperature Range LTC1272-XAC, CC ................................. 0°C to 70°C Storage Temperature Range ................. – 65°C to 150°C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec).................. 300°C W U U PACKAGE/ORDER I FOR ATIO ORDER PART NUMBER TOP VIEW TOP VIEW A IN 1 24 VDD A IN 1 24 VDD VREF 2 23 NC VREF 2 23 NC AGND 3 22 BUSY AGND 3 22 BUSY (MSB) D11 4 21 CS (MSB) D11 4 21 CS D10 5 20 RD D10 5 20 RD D9 6 19 HBEN D9 6 19 HBEN D8 7 18 CLK OUT D8 7 18 CLK OUT 8 17 CLK IN D7 8 17 CLK IN D7 D6 CONVERSION TIME = 3µs CONVERSION TIME = 8µs LTC1272-3ACN LTC1272-3CCN LTC1272-8ACN LTC1272-8CCN SW PACKAGE ONLY LTC1272-3ACSW LTC1272-3CCSW 9 16 D0/8 D6 9 16 D0/8 D5 10 15 D1/9 D5 10 15 D1/9 D4 11 14 D2/10 D4 11 14 D2/10 DGND 12 13 D3/11 DGND 12 13 D3/11 LTC1272-8ACSW LTC1272-8CCSW SW PACKAGE 24-LEAD PLASTIC SO WIDE N PACKAGE 24-LEAD PDIP TJMAX = 110°C, θJA = 100°C/W TJMAX = 110°C, θJA = 130°C/W Order Options Tape and Reel: Add #TR Lead Free: Add #PBF Lead Free Tape and Reel: Add #TRPBF Lead Free Part Marking: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/ Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. U CO VERTER CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. With Internal Reference (Note 4) LTC1272-XA PARAMETER CONDITIONS Integral Linearity Error MIN ● Resolution (No Missing Codes) (Note 5) Differential Linearity Error TYP MAX 12 MIN TYP UNITS Bits ±1/2 ● ±1 LSB ● ±1 ±1 LSB ● ±3 ±4 ±4 ±6 LSB LSB ±10 Gain Error IOUT (Reference) = 0 MAX 12 Offset Error Full-Scale Tempco LTC1272-XC ● ±5 ±25 ±10 ±15 LSB ±45 ppm/°C 1272fb 2 LTC1272 U U U I TER AL REFERE CE CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 4) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN VREF Output Voltage (Note 6) IOUT = 0 2.400 LTC1272-XA TYP MAX 2.420 2.440 5 25 ● VREF Output Tempco IOUT = 0 VREF Line Regulation 4.75V ≤ VDD ≤ 5.25V, IOUT = 0 LTC1272-XC TYP MAX MIN 2.400 2.420 2.440 10 45 0.01 0.01 2 2 VREF Load Regulation (Sourcing Current) 0 ≤ ⎢IOUT ⎢ ≤ 1mA UNITS V ppm/°C LSB/V LSB/mA U DIGITAL AND DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 4) LTC1272-XA/C MIN TYP MAX SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS VIH High Level Input Voltage CS, RD, HBEN, CLK IN VDD = 5.25V ● VIL Low Level Input Voltage CS, RD, HBEN, CLK IN VDD = 4.75V ● 0.8 V IIN Input Current CS, RD, HBEN VIN = 0V to VDD ● ±10 µA Input Current CLK IN VIN = 0V to VDD ±20 µA High Level Output Voltage All Logic Outputs VDD = 4.75V VOH 2.4 V ● IOUT = – 10µA IOUT = – 200µA UNITS ● 4.7 V 4.0 V VOL Low Level Output Voltage All Logic Outputs VDD = 4.75V, IOUT = 1.6mA ● 0.4 V IOZ High-Z Output Leakage D11-D0/8 VOUT = 0V to VDD ● ±10 µA COZ High-Z Output Capacitance (Note 7) ISOURCE Output Source Current VOUT = 0V – 10 mA ISINK Output Sink Current VOUT = VDD 10 mA IDD Positive Supply Current CS = RD = VDD, AIN = 5V PD Power Dissipation W U DY A IC ACCURACY ● 15 ● 15 30 75 pF mA mW (Note 4) fSAMPLE = 250kHz (LTC1272-3), 166kHz (LTC1272-5), 111kHz (LTC1272-8) MIN LTC1272-XA/C TYP MAX SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS UNITS S/(N + D) Signal-to-Noise Plus Distortion Ratio 10kHz Input Signal 72 dB THD Total Harmonic Distortion (Up to 5th Harmonic) 10kHz Input Signal – 82 dB Peak Harmonic or Spurious Noise 10kHz Input Signal – 82 dB U U ALOG I PUT The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise A specifications are at T = 25°C. (Note 4) A SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS VIN Input Voltage Range 4.75V ≤ VDD ≤ 5.25V IIN Input Current CIN Input Capacitance tACQ Sample-and-Hold Acquisition Time MIN ● LTC1272-XA/B/C TYP MAX 0 5 ● 3.5 50 ● 0.45 UNITS V mA pF 1 µs 1272fb 3 LTC1272 UW TI I G CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 8) SYMBOL PARAMETER t1 CS to RD Setup Time t2 RD to BUSY Delay t3 t4 Data Access Time After RD↓ LTC1272-XA/C MIN TYP MAX CONDITIONS ● CL = 50pF COM Grade ● CL = 20pF COM Grade ● CL = 100pF COM Grade ● COM Grade ● t3 t3 ● 0 RD Pulse Width t5 CS to RD Hold Time t6 Data Setup Time After BUSY t7 Bus Relinquish Time 0 COM Grade ● COM Grade ● 20 20 UNITS ns 80 190 230 ns ns 50 90 110 ns ns 70 125 150 ns ns ns ns ns 40 70 90 ns ns 30 75 85 ns ns t8 HBEN to RD Setup Time ● 0 ns t9 HBEN to RD Hold Time ● 0 ns t10 Delay Between RD Operations ● 200 ns t11 Delay Between Conversions t12 Aperture Delay of Sample and Hold t13 CLK to BUSY Delay 25 80 COM Grade tCONV µs 1 Jitter < 50ps Conversion Time Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device reliability and lifetime. Note 2: All voltage values are with respect to ground with DGND and AGND wired together, unless otherwise noted. Note 3: When the analog input voltage is taken below ground it will be clamped by an internal diode. This product can handle, with no external diode, input currents of greater than 60mA below ground without latch-up. Note 4: VDD = 5V, fCLK = 4MHz for LTC1272-3, and 1.6MHz for LTC1272-8, t r = t f = 5ns unless otherwise specified. For best analog performance, the LTC1272 clock should be synchronized to the RD and CS control inputs with at least 40ns separating convert start from the nearest clock edge. ● ● 12 ns 170 220 ns ns 13 CLK CYCLES Note 5: Linearity error is specified between the actual end points of the A/D transfer curve. Note 6: The LTC1272 has the same 0V to 5V input range as the AD7572 but, to achieve single supply operation, it provides a 2.42V reference output instead of the –5.25V of the AD7572. This requires that the polarity of the reference bypass capacitor be reversed when plugging an LTC1272 into an AD7572 socket. Note 7: Guaranteed by design, not subject to test. Note 8: VDD = 5V. Timing specifications are sample tested at 25°C to ensure compliance. All input control signals are specified with tr = tf = 5ns (10% to 90% of 5V) and timed from a voltage level of 1.6V. See Figures 13 through 17. 1272fb 4 LTC1272 UO U U PI FU CTI S HBEN (Pin 19): High Byte Enable Input. This pin is used to multiplex the internal 12-bit conversion result into the lower bit outputs (D7 to D0/8). See table below. HBEN also disables conversion starts when HIGH. AIN (Pin 1): Analog Input, 0V to 5V Unipolar Input. VREF (Pin 2): 2.42V Reference Output. When plugging into an AD7572 socket, reverse the reference bypass capacitor polarity and short the 10Ω series resistor. RD (Pin 20): Read Input. This active low signal starts a conversion when CS and HBEN are low. RD also enables the output drivers when CS is low. AGND (Pin 3): Analog Ground. D11 to D4 (Pins 4-11): Three-State Data Outputs. CS (Pin 21): The Chip Select Input must be low for the ADC to recognize RD and HBEN inputs. DGND (Pin 12): Digital Ground. D3/11 to D0/8 (Pins 13-16): Three-State Data Outputs. BUSY (Pin 22): The BUSY Output is low when a conversion is in progress. CLK IN (Pin 17): Clock Input. An external TTL/CMOS compatible clock may be applied to this pin or a crystal can be connected between CLK IN and CLK OUT. NC (Pin 23): Not Connected Internally. The LTC1272 does not require negative supply. This pin can accommodate the –15V required by the AD7572 without problems. CLK OUT (Pin 18): Clock Output. An inverted CLK IN signal appears at this pin. VDD (Pin 24): Positive Supply, 5V. Data Bus Output, CS and RD = LOW MNEMONIC* Pin 4 Pin 5 Pin 6 Pin 7 Pin 8 Pin 9 Pin 10 Pin 11 Pin 13 Pin 14 Pin 15 Pin 16 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3/11 D2/10 D1/9 D0/8 HBEN = LOW DB11 DB10 DB9 DB8 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 HBEN = HIGH DB11 DB10 DB9 DB8 LOW LOW LOW LOW DB11 DB10 DB9 DB8 *D11...D0/8 are the ADC data output pins. DB11...DB0 are the 12-bit conversion results, DB11 is the MSB. U W TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS Integral Nonlinearity 1.0 VDD = 5V fCLK = 4MHz INL ERROR (LSBs) 0.5 0 – 0.5 –1.0 0 512 1024 1536 2048 2560 3072 3584 4096 CODE LTC1272 • TPC01 1272fb 5 LTC1272 U W TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS Differential Nonlinearity 1.0 VDD = 5V fCLK = 4MHz INL ERROR (LSBs) 0.5 0 – 0.5 –1.0 0 512 1024 1536 2048 2560 3072 3584 4096 CODE LTC1272 • TPC02 VDD Supply Current vs Temperature Minimum Clock Frequency vs Temperature VDD = 5V 7 500 20 15 10 5 CLOCK FREQUENCY (MHz) 25 8 600 VDD = 5V fCLK = 4MHz CLOCK FREQUENCY (kHz) VDD SUPPLY CURRENT, IDD (mA) 30 Maximum Clock Frequency vs Temperature 400 300 200 0 25 50 75 100 0 – 55 –25 125 5 4 3 100 0 – 55 –25 6 TEMPERATURE (°C) 0 25 50 75 100 2 – 55 –25 125 0 50 75 100 125 TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C) LT1272 • TPC03 25 LT1272 • TPC05 LT1272 • TPC04 VREF vs ILOAD (mA) LTC1272 ENOBs* vs Frequency 2.435 12 11 2.430 10 2.425 8 7 ENOBs* VREF (V) 9 2.420 2.415 6 5 4 3 2.410 2 fS = 250kHz VDD = 5V 1 2.405 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 IL (mA) LT1272 • TPC06 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 fIN (kHz) LT1272 • TPC07 S/(N + D) – 1.76dB *EFFECTIVE NUMBER OF BITS, ENOBs = 6.02 6 1272fb LTC1272 U W U UO APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO Conversion Details Conversion start is controlled by the CS, RD and HBEN inputs. At the start of conversion the successive approximation register (SAR) is reset and the three-state data outputs are enabled. Once a conversion cycle has begun it cannot be restarted. AIN SAMPLE 300Ω SI CSAMPLE SAMPLE – HOLD 2.7k + COMPARATOR CDAC Sample-and-Hold and Dynamic Performance Traditionally A/D converters have been characterized by such specs as offset and full-scale errors, integral VDAC S A R 12-BIT LATCH LTC1272 • TA07 Figure 1. AIN Input nonlinearity and differential nonlinearity. These specs are useful for characterizing an ADC’s DC or low frequency signal performance. These specs alone are not adequate to fully specify the LTC1272 because of its high speed sampling ability. FFT (Fast Fourrier Transform) test techniques are used to characterize the LTC1272’s frequency response, distortion and noise at the rated throughput. By applying a low distortion sine wave and analyzing the digital output using a FFT algorithm, the LTC1272’s spectral content can be examined for frequencies outside the fundamental. Figure 2 shows a typical LTC1272 FFT plot. 0 –10 –20 –30 AMPLITUDE (dB) During conversion, the internal 12-bit capacitive DAC output is sequenced by the SAR from the most significant bit (MSB) to the least significant bit (LSB). Referring to Figure 1, the AIN input connects to the sample-and-hold capacitor through a 300Ω/2.7kΩ divider. The voltage divider allows the LTC1272 to convert 0V to 5V input signals while operating from a 4.5V supply. The conversion has two phases: the sample phase and the convert phase. During the sample phase, the comparator offset is nulled by the feedback switch and the analog input is stored as a charge on the sample-and-hold capacitor, CSAMPLE. This phase lasts from the end of the previous conversion until the next conversion is started. A minimum delay between conversions (t10) of 1µs allows enough time for the analog input to be acquired. During the convert phase, the comparator feedback switch opens, putting the comparator into the compare mode. The sample-and-hold capacitor is switched to ground injecting the analog input charge onto the comparator summing junction. This input charge is successively compared to binary weighted charges supplied by the capacitive DAC. Bit decisions are made by the comparator (zero crossing detector) which checks the addition of each successive weighted bit from the DAC output. The MSB decision is made 50ns (typically) after the second falling edge of CLK IN following a conversion start. Similarly, the succeeding bit decisions are made approximately 50ns after a CLK IN edge until the conversion is finished. At the end of a conversion, the DAC output balances the AIN output charge. The SAR contents (12-bit data word) which represent the AIN input signal are loaded into a 12-bit latch. DAC –40 –50 –60 –70 –80 –90 –100 –110 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 FREQUENCY (kHz) LTC1272 • TA23 Figure 2. LTC1272 Non-Averaged, 1024 Point FFT Plot. fS = 250kHz, fIN = 10kHz 1272fb 7 LTC1272 W U U UO APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO 1.0 Signal-to-Noise Ratio 0.5 ERROR (LSB) The Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is the ratio between the RMS amplitude of the fundamental input frequency to the RMS amplitude of all other frequency components at the A/D output. This includes distortion as well as noise products and for this reason it is sometimes referred to as Signal-to-Noise + Distortion [S/(N + D)]. The output is band limited to frequencies from DC to one half the sampling frequency. Figure 2 shows spectral content from DC to 125kHz which is 1/2 the 250kHz sampling rate. 0 –0.5 –1.0 0 1 2 3 4 CODE (THOUSANDS) Effective Number of Bits LTC1272 • TA24 The effective number of bits (ENOBs) is a measurement of the resolution of an A/D and is directly related to the S/(N + D) by the equation: N = [S/(N + D) –1.76]/6.02, where N is the effective number of bits of resolution and S/(N + D) is expressed in dB. At the maximum sampling rate of 250kHz the LTC1272 maintains 11.5 ENOBs or better to 20kHz. Above 20kHz the ENOBs gradually decline, as shown in Figure 3, due to increasing second harmonic distortion. The noise floor remains approximately 90dB. The dynamic differential nonlinearity remains good out to 120kHz as shown in Figure 4. 12 11 ENOBs* 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 fS = 250kHz VDD = 5V 0 0 20 40 Total Harmonic Distortion Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is the ratio of the RMS sum of all harmonics of the input signal to the fundamental itself. The harmonics are limited to the frequency band between DC and one half the sampling frequency. THD is expressed as: 20 LOG [√V22 + V32 + ... + VN2 / V1] where V1 is the RMS amplitude of the fundamental frequency and V2 through VN are the amplitudes of the second through Nth harmonics. Clock and Control Synchronization For best analog performance, the LTC1272 clock should be synchronized to the CS and RD control inputs as shown in Figure 5, with at least 40ns separating convert start from the nearest CLK IN edge. This ensures that transitions at CLK IN and CLK OUT do not couple to the analog input and get sampled by the sample-and-hold. The magnitude of this feedthrough is only a few millivolts, but if CLK and convert start (CS and RD) are asynchronous, frequency components caused by mixing the clock and convert signals may increase the apparent input noise. 10 1 Figure 4. LTC1272 Dynamic DNL. fCLK = 4MHz, fS = 250kHz, fIN = 122.25342kHz, VCC = 5V 60 80 100 120 fIN (kHz) LT1272 • TPC07 Figure 3. LTC1272 Effective Number of Bits (ENOBs) vs Input Frequency. fS = 250kHz When the clock and convert signals are synchronized, small endpoint errors (offset and full-scale) are the most that can be generated by clock feedthrough. Even these errors (which can be trimmed out) can be eliminated by ensuring that the start of a conversion (CS and RD’s falling edge) does not occur within 40ns of a clock edge, as in 1272fb 8 LTC1272 U W U UO APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO CS & RD t2 t CONV BUSY ≥ 40ns* t13 CLK IN t14 DB11 (MSB) DB10 DB1 DB0 (LSB) UNCERTAIN CONVERSION TIME FOR 30ns < t14 < 180ns *THE LTC1272 IS ALSO COMPATIBLE WITH THE AD7572 SYNCHRONIZATION MODES. LTC1272 • TA06 Figure 5. RD and CLK IN for Synchronous Operation Figure 5. Nevertheless, even without observing this guideline, the LTC1272 is still compatible with AD7572 synchronization modes, with no increase in linearity error. This means that either the falling or rising edge of CLK IN may be near RD’s falling edge. Driving the Analog Input The analog input of the LTC1272 is much easier to drive than that of the AD7572. The input current is not modulated by the DAC as in the AD7572. It has only one small current spike from charging the sample-and-hold capacitor at the end of the conversion. During the conversion the analog input draws only DC current. The only requirement is that the amplifier driving the analog input must settle after the small current spike before the next conversion is started. Any op amp that settles in 1µs to small current transients will allow maximum speed operation. If slower op amps are used, more settling time can be provided by increasing the time between conversions. Suitable devices capable of driving the LTC1272 AIN input include the LT1006 and LT1007 op amps. C1 CLK OUT LTC1272 18 C2 17 CLK IN CLOCK 1M NOTES: LTC1272-3 – 4MHz CRYSTAL/CERAMIC RESONATOR LTC1272-8 – 1.6MHz CRYSTAL/CERAMIC RESONATOR LTC1272 • TA09 Figure 6. LTC1272 Internal Clock Circuit connected to CLK IN. For an external clock the duty cycle is not critical. An inverted CLK IN signal will appear at the CLK OUT pin as shown in the operating waveforms of Figure 7. Capacitance on the CLK OUT pin should be minimized for best analog performance. Internal Reference Internal Clock Oscillator The LTC1272 has an on-chip, temperature compensated, curvature corrected, bandgap reference, which is factory trimmed to 2.42V ±1%. It is internally connected to the DAC and is also available at pin 2 to provide up to 1mA current to an external load. Figure 6 shows the LTC1272 internal clock circuit. A crystal or ceramic resonator may be connected between CLK IN (Pin 17) and CLK OUT (Pin 18) to provide a clock oscillator for ADC timing. Alternatively the crystal/resonator may be omitted and an external clock source may be For minimum code transition noise the reference output should be decoupled with a capacitor to filter wideband noise from the reference (10µF tantalum in parallel with a 0.1µF ceramic). A simplified schematic of the reference with its recommended decoupling is shown in Figure 8. 1272fb 9 LTC1272 W U U UO APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO CS & RD BUSY 50ns TYP CLK IN CLK OUT DB11 (MSB) DB10 DB1 DB0 (LSB) LTC1272 • TA08 Figure 7. Operating Waveforms Using an External Clock Source for CLK IN LTC1272 11...110 + 11...101 TO DAC – AGND 3 2 VREF OUTPUT CODE CURVATURE CORRECTED BANDGAP REFERENCE FULL-SCALE TRANSITION 11...111 5V FS = 5V FS 1LSB = –––– 4096 00...011 00...010 00...001 0.1µF 00...000 0 10 µF + LTC1272 • TA10 1 2 3 LSB LSBs LSBs FS FS – 1LSB AIN, INPUT VOLTAGE (IN TERMS OF LSBs) LT1272 • TA11 Figure 8. LTC1272 Internal 2.42V Reference Unipolar Operation Figure 9 shows the ideal input/output characteristic for the 0V to 5V input range of the LTC1272. The code transitions occur midway between successive integer LSB values (i.e., 1/2LSB, 3/2LSBs, 5/2LSBs . . . FS – 3/2LSBs). The output code is natural binary with 1 LSB = FS/4096 = (5/4096)V = 1.22mV. Unipolar Offset and Full-Scale Error Adjustment In applications where absolute accuracy is important, then offset and full-scale error can be adjusted to zero. Offset Figure 9. LTC1272 Ideal Input/Output Transfer Characteristic error must be adjusted before full-scale error. Figure 10 shows the extra components required for full-scale error adjustment. Zero offset is achieved by adjusting the offset of the op amp driving AIN (i.e., A1 in Figure 10). For zero offset error apply 0.61mV (i.e., 1/2LBS) at VIN and adjust the op amp offset voltage until the ADC output code flickers between 0000 0000 0000 and 0000 0000 0001. For zero full-scale error apply an analog input of 4.99817V (i.e., FS – 3/2LSBs or last code transition) at VIN and adjust R1 until the ADC output code flickers between 1111 1111 1110 and 1111 1111 1111. 1272fb 10 LTC1272 U UO VIN W 0V TO 5V ANALOG INPUT U APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO + the foil width for these tracks should be as wide as possible. R3 15Ω A1 LT1007 1 AIN Noise: Input signal leads to AIN and signal return leads from AGND (pin 3) should be kept as short as possible to minimize input noise coupling. In applications where this is not possible, a shielded cable between source and ADC is recommended. Also, since any potential difference in grounds between the signal source and ADC appears as an error voltage in series with the input signal, attention should be paid to reducing the ground circuit impedances as much as possible. – LTC1272 R1 200Ω R2 20k 3 AGND *ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY LTC1272 • TA12 Figure 10. Unipolar 0V to 5V Operation with Gain Error Adjust Application Hints In applications where the LTC1272 data outputs and control signals are connected to a continuously active microprocessor bus, it is possible to get LSB errors in conversion results. These errors are due to feedthrough from the microprocessor to the successive approximation comparator. The problem can be eliminated by forcing the microprocessor into a Wait state during conversion (see Slow Memory Mode interfacing), or by using three-state buffers to isolate the LTC1272 data bus. Wire wrap boards are not recommended for high resolution or high speed A/D converters. To obtain the best performance from the LTC1272 a printed circuit board is required. Layout for the printed circuit board should ensure that digital and analog signal lines are separated as much as possible. In particular, care should be taken not to run any digital track alongside an analog signal track or underneath the LTC1272. The analog input should be screened by AGND. Timing and Control A single point analog ground separate from the logic system ground should be established with an analog ground plane at pin 3 (AGND) or as close as possible to the LTC1272, as shown in Figure 11. Pin 12 (LTC1272 DGND) and all other analog grounds should be connected to this single analog ground point. No other digital grounds should be connected to this analog ground point. Low impedance analog and digital power supply common returns are essential to low noise operation of the ADC and 1 ANALOG INPUT CIRCUITRY + DIGITAL SYSTEM LTC1272 AIN AGND VREF 3 – Conversion start and data read operations are controlled by three LTC1272 digital inputs; HBEN, CS and RD. Figure 12 shows the logic structure associated with these inputs. The three signals are internally gated so that a logic “0” is required on all three inputs to initiate a conversion. Once initiated it cannot be restarted until conversion is complete. Converter status is indicated by the BUSY output, and this is low while conversion is in progress. VDD 2 C1 DGND 24 C2 C3 12 C4 GROUND CONNECTION TO DIGITAL CIRCUITRY ANALOG GROUND PLANE LTC1272 • TA13 Figure 11. Power Supply Grounding Practice 1272fb 11 LTC1272 W U U UO APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO There are two modes of operation as outlined by the timing diagrams of Figures 13 to 17. Slow Memory Mode is designed for microprocessors which can be driven into a Wait state, a Read operation brings CS and RD low which initiates a conversion and data is read when conversion is complete. 5V LTC1272 HBEN The second is the ROM Mode which does not require microprocessor Wait states. A Read operation brings CS and RD low which initiates a conversion and reads the previous conversion result. D 19 Q CONVERSION START (RISING EDGE TRIGGER) FLIP FLOP CS 21 RD 20 CLEAR BUSY ACTIVE HIGH ACTIVE HIGH ENABLE THREE-STATE OUTPUTS D11....D0/8 = DB11....DB0 ENABLE THREE-STATE OUTPUTS D11....D8 = DB11....DB8 D7....D4 = LOW D3/11....D0/8 = DB11....DB8 D11....D0/8 ARE THE ADC DATA OUTPUT PINS DB11....DB0 ARE THE 12-BIT CONVERSION RESULTS LTC1272 • TA14 Figure 12. Internal Logic for Control Inputs CS, RD and HBEN CS & RD t2 t CONV BUSY ≥ 40ns* t13 CLK IN t14 DB11 (MSB) DB10 DB1 UNCERTAIN CONVERSION TIME FOR 30ns < t14 < 180ns *THE LTC1272 IS ALSO COMPATIBLE WITH THE AD7572 SYNCHRONIZATION MODES. SEE “DIGITAL INTERFACE” TEXT. DB0 (LSB) LTC1272 • TA15 Figure 13. RD and CLK IN for Synchronous Operation Table 1. Data Bus Output, CS and RD = Low PIN 4 PIN 5 PIN 6 PIN 7 PIN 8 PIN 9 PIN 10 PIN 11 PIN 13 PIN 14 PIN 15 PIN 16 Data Outputs* D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3/11 D2/10 D1/9 D0/8 HBEN = Low DB11 DB10 DB9 DB8 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 HBEN = High DB11 DB10 DB9 DB8 Low Low Low Low DB11 DB10 DB9 DB8 Note: *D11 . . . D0/8 are the ADC data output pins DB11 . . . DB0 are the 12-bit conversion results, DB11 is the MSB 1272fb 12 LTC1272 W U U UO APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO CS t1 t5 t1 RD t10 t2 t11 tCONV BUSY t3 t6 t7 OLD DATA DB11-DB0 DATA NEW DATA DB11-DB0 t12 HOLD TRACK LTC1272 • TA16 Figure 14. Slow Memory Mode, Parallel Read Timing Diagram Table 2. Slow Memory Mode, Parallel Read Data Bus Status Data Outputs D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3/11 D2/10 D1/9 D0/8 Read DB11 DB10 DB9 DB8 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 Data Format Slow Memory Mode, Two Byte Read The output data format can be either a complete parallel load for 16-bit microprocessors or a two byte load for 8-bit microprocessors. Data is always right justified (i.e., LSB is the most right-hand bit in a 16-bit word). For a two byte read, only data outputs D7. . . D0/8 are used. Byte selection is governed by the HBEN input which controls an internal digital multiplexer. This multiplexes the 12 bits of conversion data onto the lower D7. . . D0/8 outputs (4MSBs or 8LSBs) where it can be read in two read cycles. The 4MSBs always appear on D11 . . . D8 whenever the three-state output drives are turned on. For a two byte read, only 8 data outputs D7 . . . D0/8 are used. Conversion start procedure and data output status for the first read operation is identical to Slow Memory Mode, Parallel Read. See Figure 15 timing diagram and Table 3 data bus status. At the end of conversion the low data byte (DB7 . . . DB0) is read from the ADC. A second Read operation with HBEN high, places the high byte on data outputs D3/11 . . . D0/8 and disables conversion start. Note the 4MSBs appear on data outputs D11 . . . D8 during the two Read operations above. ROM Mode, Parallel Read (HBEN = Low) Slow Memory Mode, Parallel Read (HBEN = Low) Figure 14 and Table 2 show the timing diagram and data bus status for Slow Memory Mode, Parallel Read. CS and RD going low triggers a conversion and the LTC1272 acknowledges by taking BUSY low. Data from the previous conversion appears on the three-state data outputs. BUSY returns high at the end of conversion when the output latches have been updated and the conversion result is placed on data outputs D11 . . . D0/8. The ROM Mode avoids placing a microprocessor into a Wait state. A conversion is started with a Read operation and the 12 bits of data from the previous conversion is available on data outputs D11 . . . D0/8 (see Figure 16 and Table 4). This data may be disregarded if not required. A second Read operation reads the new data (DB11 . . . DB0) and starts another conversion. A delay at least as long as the LTC1272 conversion time plus the 1µs minimum delay between conversions must be allowed between Read operations. 1272fb 13 LTC1272 W U U UO APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO HBEN t8 t9 t8 t9 CS t1 t5 t1 t4 t5 RD t10 t2 t10 t CONV t11 BUSY t3 t6 OLD DATA DB7-DB0 DATA t7 t3 t7 NEW DATA DB11-DB8 NEW DATA DB7-DB0 t12 t12 HOLD TRACK LTC1272 • TA17 Figure 15. Slow Memory Mode, Two Byte Read Timing Diagram Table 3. Slow Memory Mode, Two Byte Read Data Bus Status Data Outputs D7 D6 D5 D4 D3/11 D2/10 D1/9 D0/8 First Read DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 Second Read Low Low Low Low DB11 DB10 DB9 DB8 CS t1 t4 t5 t1 t4 t5 RD t11 t2 t CONV t2 t3 t7 t3 t CONV BUSY OLD DATA DB11-DB0 DATA t7 NEW DATA DB11-DB0 t12 t12 HOLD TRACK LTC1272 • TA18 Figure 16. ROM Mode, Parallel Read Timing Diagram Table 4. ROM Mode, Parallel Read Data Bus Status Data Outputs D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3/11 D2/10 D1/9 D0/8 First Read (Old Data) DB11 DB10 DB9 DB8 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 Second Read DB11 DB10 DB9 DB8 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 1272fb 14 LTC1272 W U U UO APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO HBEN t8 t9 t8 t9 t8 t9 CS t1 t4 t5 t1 t4 t5 t1 t4 t5 RD t10 t2 tCONV t11 t2 BUSY t3 t7 t3 t7 OLD DATA DB7-DB0 DATA t3 NEW DATA DB11-DB8 t7 NEW DATA DB7-DB0 t12 t12 HOLD TRACK LTC1272 • TA19 Figure 17. ROM Mode, Two Byte Read Timing Diagram Table 5. ROM Mode, Two Byte Read Data Bus Status Data Outputs D7 D6 D5 D4 D3/11 D2/10 D1/9 D0/8 First Read DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 Second Read Low Low Low Low DB11 DB10 DB9 DB8 Third Read DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 ROM Mode, Two Byte READ Microprocessor Interfacing As previously mentioned for a two byte read, only data outputs D7 . . . D0/8 are used. Conversion is started in the normal way with a Read operation and the data output status is the same as the ROM Mode, Parallel Read. See Figure 17 timing diagram and Table 5 data bus status. Two more Read operations are required to access the new conversion result. A delay equal to the LTC1272 conversion time must be allowed between conversion start and the second data Read operation. The second Read operation, with HBEN high, disables conversion start and places the high byte (4 MSBs) on data outputs D3/11 . . . DO18. A third read operation accesses the low data byte (DB7 . . . DB0) and starts another conversion. The 4 MSB’s appear on data outputs D11 . . . D8 during all three read operations above. The LTC1272 is designed to interface with microprocessors as a memory mapped device. The CS and RD control inputs are common to all peripheral memory interfacing. The HBEN input serves as a data byte select for 8-bit processors and is normally connected to the microprocessor address bus. MC68000 Microprocessor Figure 18 shows a typical interface for the MC68000. The LTC1272 is operating in the Slow Memory Mode. Assuming the LTC1272 is located at address C000, then the following single 16-bit Move instruction both starts a conversion and reads the conversion result: Move.W $C000,D0 1272fb 15 LTC1272 U UO AS W A23 A1 U APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO is accomplished with the single 16-bit Load instruction below. ADDRESS BUS EN ADDRESS DECODE LTC1272 MC68000 CS BUSY DTACK R/W D11 D0 RD DATA BUS D11 D0/8 HBEN ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY LTC1272 • TA20 Figure 18. LTC1272 MC68000 Interface 8085A, Z80 Microprocessor Figure 19 shows a LTC1272 interface for the Z80 and 8085A. The LTC1272 is operating in the Slow Memory Mode and a two byte read is required. Not shown in the figure is the 8-bit latch required to demultiplex the 8085A common address/data bus. A0 is used to assert HBEN, so that an even address (HBEN = LOW) to the LTC1272 will start a conversion and read the low data byte. An odd address (HBEN = HIGH) will read the high data byte. This MREQ ADDRESS BUS EN A0 ADDRESS DECODE Z80 8085A RD D7 D7 D0 DATA BUS This is a two byte read instruction which loads the ADC data (address B000) into the HL register pair. During the first read operation, BUSY forces the microprocessor to Wait for the LTC1272 conversion. No Wait states are inserted during the second read operation when the microprocessor is reading the high data byte. Figure 20 shows an LTC1272 TMS32010 interface. The LTC1272 is operating in the ROM Mode. The interface is designed for a maximum TMS32010 clock frequency of 18MHz but will typically work over the full TMS32010 clock frequency range. The LTC1272 is mapped at a port address. The following I/O instruction starts a conversion and reads the previous conversion result into data memory. IN A,PA (PA = PORT ADDRESS) When conversion is complete, a second I/O instruction reads the up-to-date data into memory and starts another conversion. A delay at least as long as the ADC conversion time must be allowed between I/O instructions. PA2 PA0 DEN HBEN CS BUSY LTC1272 RD WAIT LHLD (B000) LDHL, (B000) TMS32010 Microcomputer At the beginning of the instruction cycle when the ADC address is selected, BUSY and CS assert DTACK, so that the MC68000 is forced into a Wait state. At the end of conversion BUSY returns high and the conversion result is placed in the D0 register of the microprocessor. A15 A0 For the 8085A For the Z80 LINEAR CIRCUITRY OMITTED FOR CLARITY ADDRESS DECODE LTC1272 CS RD D0 LTC1272 • TA21 EN TMS32010 D11 D0/8 PORT ADDRESS BUS DATA BUS D11 D0/8 HBEN LINEAR CIRCUITRY OMITTED FOR CLARITY LTC1272 • TA22 Figure 19. LTC1272 8085A/Z80 Interface Figure 20. LTC1272 TMS32010 Interface 1272fb 16 LTC1272 W U U UO APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO Compatibility with the AD7572 minimum time between conversions must be provided to allow the sample-and-hold to reacquire the analog input. Figure 22 shows that if the clock is synchronous with CS and RD, it is only necessary to short out the 10Ω series resistor and reverse the polarity of the 10µF bypass capacitor on the VREF pin. The –15V supply is not required and can be removed, or, because there is no internal connection to pin 23, it can remain unmodified. The clock can be considered synchronous with CS and RD in cases where the LTC1272 CLK IN signal is derived from the same clock as the microprocessor reading the LTC1272. Figure 21 shows the simple, single 5V configuration recommended for new designs with the LTC1272. If an AD7572 replacement or upgrade is desired, the LTC1272 can be plugged into an AD7572 socket with minor modifications. It can be used as a replacement or to upgrade with sample-and-hold, single supply operation and reduced power consumption. The LTC1272, while consuming less power overall than the AD7572, draws more current from the 5V supply (it draws no power from the –15V supply). Also, a 1µs 5V LTC1272 2.42V VREF OUTPUT ANALOG INPUT (0V TO 5V) + 0.1µF 10µF 8 OR 12-BIT PARALLEL BUS * A IN VDD VREF NC AGND 10 µ F + 0.1µ F* BUSY D11 (MSB) CS D10 RD D9 HBEN D8 CLK OUT D7 CLK IN D6 D0/8 D5 D1/9 D4 D2/10 DGND D3/11 µP CONTROL LINES LTC1272 • TA03 * FOR GROUNDING AND BYPASSING HINTS SEE FIGURE 11 AND APPLICATION HINTS SECTION Figure 21. Single 5V Supply, 3µs, 12-Bit Sampling ADC 1272fb 17 LTC1272 W U U UO APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO LTC1272 + 10µF 0.1µF µP DATA BUS 10 Ω* A IN VDD VREF NC✝ AGND 0.1µ F BUSY D11 (MSB) CS D10 RD D9 HBEN D8 CLK OUT D7 CLK IN** D6 D0/8 D5 D1/9 D4 D2/10 DGND D3/11 0.1µ F –15V µP CONTROL LINES + 2.42V* VREF OUTPUT ANALOG INPUT (0V TO 5V) + 5V 10 µ F 10 µ F † * THE LTC1272 HAS THE SAME 0V TO 5V INPUT RANGE BUT PROVIDES A 2.42V REFERENCE OUTPUT AS OPPOSED TO THE –5.25V OF THE AD7572. FOR PROPER OPERATION, REVERSE THE REFERENCE CAPACITOR POLARITY AND SHORT OUT THE 10Ω RESISTOR. ** THE ADC CLOCK SHOULD BE SYNCHRONIZED TO THE CONVERSION START SIGNALS (CS, RD) OR 1-2 LSBs OF OUTPUT CODE NOISE MAY OCCUR. DERIVING THE ADC CLOCK FROM THE µP CLOCK IS ADEQUATE. ✝ THE LTC1272 CAN ACCOMMODATE THE –15V SUPPLY OF THE AD7572 BUT DOES NOT REQUIRE IT. PIN 23 OF THE LTC1272 IS NOT INTERNALLY CONNECTED. LTC1272 • TA04 Figure 22. Plugging the LTC1272 into an AD7572 Socket Case 1: Clock Synchronous with CS and RD If the clock signal for the AD7572 is derived from a separate crystal or other signal which is not synchronous with the microprocessor clock, then the signals need to be synchronized for the LTC1272 to achieve best analog performance (see Clock and Control Synchronization). The best way to synchronize these signals is to drive the CLK IN pin of the LTC1272 with a derivative of the processor clock, as mentioned above and shown in Figure 22. Another way, shown in Figure 23, is to use a flip-flop to synchronize the RD to the LTC1272 with the CLK IN signal. This method will work but has two disavantages over the first: because the RD is delayed by the flip-flop, the actual conversion start and the enabling of the LTC1272’s BUSY and data outputs can take up to one CLK IN cycle to respond to a RD↓ convert command from the processor. The sampling of the analog input no longer occurs at the processor’s falling RD edge but may be delayed as much as one CLK IN cycle. Although the LTC1272 will still exhibit excellent DC performance, the flip-flop will introduce jitter into the sampling which may reduce the usefulness of this method for AC systems. 1272fb 18 LTC1272 W U U UO APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO –15V LTC1272 10µF 0.1µF 10Ω* VDD VREF NC✝ AGND µP DATA BUS 10 µ F † BUSY D11 (MSB) D10 0.1µ F 5V 10 µ F CS RD D9 HBEN D8 CLK OUT D7 CLK IN D6 D0/8 D5 D1/9 D4 D2/10 DGND D3/11 74HC04 S Q 1/2 D** 74HC74 CLK RD µP CONTROL LINES ➞ + A IN + 2.42V* VREF OUTPUT ANALOG INPUT (0V TO 5V) + 0.1µ F EXTERNAL ASYNCHRONOUS CLOCK OR * THE LTC1272 HAS THE SAME 0V TO 5V INPUT RANGE BUT PROVIDES A 2.42V REFERENCE OUTPUT AS OPPOSED TO THE –5.25V OF THE AD7572. FOR PROPER OPERATION, REVERSE THE REFERENCE CAPACITOR POLARITY AND SHORT OUT THE 10Ω RESISTOR. ➞ ** THE D FLIP-FLOP SYNCHRONIZES THE CONVERSION START SIGNAL (RD ) TO THE ADC CLKOUT SIGNAL TO PREVENT OUTPUT CODE NOISE WHICH OCCURS WITH AN ASYNCHRONOUS CLOCK. ✝ THE LTC1272 CAN ACCOMMODATE THE –15V SUPPLY OF THE AD7572 BUT DOES NOT REQUIRE IT. PIN 23 OF THE LTC1272 IS NOT INTERNALLY CONNECTED. LTC1272 • TA05 Figure 23. Plugging the LTC1272 into an AD7572 Socket Case 2: Clock Not Synchronous with CS and RD 1272fb Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. 19 LTC1272 U PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO N Package 24-Lead PDIP (Narrow .300 Inch) (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1510) 1.280* (32.512) MAX 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 .255 ± .015* (6.477 ± 0.381) .300 – .325 (7.620 – 8.255) .130 ± .005 (3.302 ± 0.127) .045 – .065 (1.143 – 1.651) .020 (0.508) MIN .008 – .015 (0.203 – 0.381) ( +.035 .325 –.015 +0.889 8.255 –0.381 .065 (1.651) TYP N24 0405 .120 (3.048) MIN ) .018 ± .003 (0.457 ± 0.076) .100 (2.54) BSC NOTE: 1. DIMENSIONS ARE INCHES MILLIMETERS *THESE DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS. MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED .010 INCH (0.254mm) SW Package 24-Lead Plastic Small Outline (Wide .300 Inch) (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1620) .050 BSC .045 ±.005 .030 ±.005 TYP N 24 23 22 21 .598 – .614 (15.190 – 15.600) NOTE 4 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 N .325 ±.005 .420 MIN .394 – .419 (10.007 – 10.643) NOTE 3 1 2 3 N/2 N/2 RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT .005 (0.127) RAD MIN .009 – .013 (0.229 – 0.330) .291 – .299 (7.391 – 7.595) NOTE 4 .010 – .029 × 45° (0.254 – 0.737) 1 2 3 4 5 6 .093 – .104 (2.362 – 2.642) 7 8 9 10 11 12 .037 – .045 (0.940 – 1.143) 0° – 8° TYP .050 (1.270) BSC NOTE 3 .016 – .050 (0.406 – 1.270) NOTE: 1. DIMENSIONS IN .004 – .012 (0.102 – 0.305) .014 – .019 (0.356 – 0.482) TYP INCHES (MILLIMETERS) 2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE 3. PIN 1 IDENT, NOTCH ON TOP AND CAVITIES ON THE BOTTOM OF PACKAGES ARE THE MANUFACTURING OPTIONS. THE PART MAY BE SUPPLIED WITH OR WITHOUT ANY OF THE OPTIONS 4. THESE DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS. MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED .006" (0.15mm) S24 (WIDE) 0502 1272fb 20 Linear Technology Corporation LT 0107 REV B • PRINTED IN USA 1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417 (408) 432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507 ● www.linear.com © LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 1994