Renesas HD6473297TF16 Single-chip microcomputer Datasheet

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Hitachi Single-Chip Microcomputer
H8/3297 Series
H8/3297
HD6473297, HD6433297
H8/3296
HD6433296
H8/3294
HD6473294, HD6433294
H8/3292
HD6433292
Hardware Manual
The revision list can be viewed directly by clicking
the title page.
The revision list summarizes the locations of
revisions and additions. Details should always be
checked by referring to the relevant text.
3rd Edition
When using this document, keep the following in mind:
1. This document may, wholly or partially, be subject to change without notice.
2. All rights are reserved: No one is permitted to reproduce or duplicate, in any form, the whole
or part of this document without Hitachi’s permission.
3. Hitachi will not be held responsible for any damage to the user that may result from
accidents or any other reasons during operation of the user’s unit accoording to this
document.
4. Circuitry and other examples described herein are meant merely to indicate the
characteristics and performance of Hitachi’s semiconductor products. Hitachi assumes no
responsibility for any intellectual property claims or other problems that may result from
applications based on the examples described herein.
5. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patents or other rights of any
third party or Hitachi, Ltd.
6. MEDICAL APPLICATIONS: Hitachi’s products are not authorized for use in MEDICAL
APPLICATIONS without the written consent of the appropriate officer of Hitachi’s sales
company. Such use includes, but is not limited to, use in life support system. Buyers of
Hitachi’s products are requested to notify the relevant hitachi sales offices when planning to
use the products in MEDICAL APPLICATIONS.
Preface
The H8/3297 Series is a series of high-performance microcontrollers with a fast H8/300 CPU core
and a set of on-chip supporting functions optimized for embedded control. These include ROM,
RAM, three types of timers, a serial communication interface, A/D converter, I/O ports, and other
functions needed in control system configurations, so that compact, high-performance systems can
be implemented easily. The series includes the H8/3297 with 60-kbyte ROM and 2-kbyte RAM, the
H8/3296 with 48-kbyte ROM and 2-kbyte RAM, H8/3294 with 32-kbyte ROM and 1-kbyte RAM,
and the H8/3292 with 16-kbyte ROM and 512-byte RAM.
The entire H8/3297 Series is available in mask-ROM versions. The H8/3297 and H8/3294 are also
available in ZTAT™* (zero turn-around time) versions, providing a quick and flexible response to
conditions from ramp-up through full-scale volume production, even for applications with
frequently-changing specifications.
This manual describes the hardware of the H8/3297 Series. Refer to the H8/300 Series
Programming Manual for a detailed description of the instruction set.
Note: * ZTAT™ is a registered trademark of Hitachi, Ltd.
Main Revisions and Additions in this Edition
Page
Item
Revisions
4
Table 1-1
Features
Table amended
14
Table 1-3
Pin Functions
Table amended
37, 38
Notes on Bit Manipulation Instructions
Description amended
69
Figure 4-3
Block Diagram of Interrupt Controller
Figure amended
71
Figure 4-4
Hardware Interrupt-Handling Sequence
Flow amended
90
6.2
Oscillator Circuit (2)
113
Table 7-9
Port 4 Pin Functions
133
Table 7-15
Port 7 Register
Port 7 Input Register (P7PIN)
Table amended
Description amended
184
Bit 7—Overflow Flag (OVF)
Bit 6—Timer Mode Select
Table amended
202 to 205
Table 11-3
Examples of BRR Settings in
Asynchronous Mode (When øP = ø)
Description amended
Whole table replaced
206
Table 11-4
Examples of BRR Settings in
Synchronous Mode (When øP = ø)
Description amended
Whole table replaced
223
Figure 11-11
Example of SCI Receive Operation
Figure amended
228
Figure 11-14
Example of SCI Transmit Operation
Figure amended
231
Figure 11-16
Example of SCI Receive Operation
Figure amended
254
13.2.2
Single-Chip Mode (Mode 3)
Note added
269
15.1.1
System Control Register (SYSCR)
Note Deleted
300 to 302
Table A-1
Instruction Set
Table amended
317
B.1
Addresses
Table amended
340
TCR—Timer Control Register
Table amended
355
Figure C-4 (a)
Port 4 Block Diagram (Pin P40)
Figure amended
363
Figure C-6 (a)
Port 6 Block Diagram (Pin P60)
Figure amended
364
Figure C-6 (b)
Port 6 Block Diagram (Pin P61)
Figure amended
365
Figure C-6 (c)
Port 6 Block Diagram (Pin P62)
Figure amended
366
Figure C-6 (d)
Port 6 Block Diagram (Pins P63 and P65)
Figure amended
367
Figure C-6 (e) Port 6 Block Diagram (Pin P64)
Figure amended
368
Figure C-6 (f) Port 6 Block Diagram (Pin P66)
Figure amended
369
Figure C-6 (g) Port 6 Block Diagram (Pin P67)
Figure amended
➁
Description amended
Table amended
Contents
Section 1
1.1
1.2
1.3
Overview......................................................................................................
Overview ........................................................................................................................
Block Diagram................................................................................................................
Pin Assignments and Functions......................................................................................
1.3.1
Pin Arrangement.............................................................................................
1.3.2
Pin Functions ..................................................................................................
Section 2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
CPU ...............................................................................................................
Overview ........................................................................................................................
2.1.1
Features...........................................................................................................
2.1.2
Address Space.................................................................................................
2.1.3
Register Configuration....................................................................................
Register Descriptions......................................................................................................
2.2.1
General Registers............................................................................................
2.2.2
Control Registers ............................................................................................
2.2.3
Initial Register Values ....................................................................................
Data Formats...................................................................................................................
2.3.1
Data Formats in General Registers .................................................................
2.3.2
Memory Data Formats....................................................................................
Addressing Modes ..........................................................................................................
2.4.1
Addressing Mode............................................................................................
2.4.2
Calculation of Effective Address....................................................................
Instruction Set.................................................................................................................
2.5.1
Data Transfer Instructions ..............................................................................
2.5.2
Arithmetic Operations ....................................................................................
2.5.3
Logic Operations ............................................................................................
2.5.4
Shift Operations ..............................................................................................
2.5.5
Bit Manipulations ...........................................................................................
2.5.6
Branching Instructions....................................................................................
2.5.7
System Control Instructions ...........................................................................
2.5.8
Block Data Transfer Instruction .....................................................................
CPU States ......................................................................................................................
2.6.1
Overview.........................................................................................................
2.6.2
Program Execution State ................................................................................
2.6.3
Exception-Handling State...............................................................................
2.6.4
Power-Down State ..........................................................................................
Access Timing and Bus Cycle........................................................................................
2.7.1
Access to On-Chip Memory (RAM and ROM) .............................................
2.7.2
Access to On-Chip Register Field and External Devices ...............................
1
1
5
6
6
9
17
17
17
18
18
19
19
19
20
21
22
23
24
24
26
30
31
33
34
34
36
40
42
43
45
45
46
46
46
47
47
49
Section 3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
MCU Operating Modes and Address Space .....................................
Overview ........................................................................................................................
3.1.1
Mode Selection ...............................................................................................
3.1.2
Mode and System Control Registers .............................................................
System Control Register (SYSCR).................................................................................
Mode Control Register (MDCR) ....................................................................................
Address Space Map in Each Operating Mode................................................................
Section 4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
Exception Handling ..................................................................................
Overview ........................................................................................................................
Reset
........................................................................................................................
4.2.1
Overview.........................................................................................................
4.2.2
Reset Sequence ...............................................................................................
4.2.3
Disabling of Interrupts after Reset..................................................................
Interrupts ........................................................................................................................
4.3.1
Overview.........................................................................................................
4.3.2
Interrupt-Related Registers.............................................................................
4.3.3
External Interrupts ..........................................................................................
4.3.4
Internal Interrupts ...........................................................................................
4.3.5
Interrupt Handling ..........................................................................................
4.3.6
Interrupt Response Time.................................................................................
4.3.7
Precaution .......................................................................................................
Note on Stack Handling..................................................................................................
Section 5
5.1
5.2
5.3
Wait-State Controller ...............................................................................
Overview ........................................................................................................................
5.1.1
Features...........................................................................................................
5.1.2
Block Diagram................................................................................................
5.1.3
Input/Output Pins............................................................................................
5.1.4
Register Configuration....................................................................................
Register Description .......................................................................................................
5.2.1
Wait-State Control Register (WSCR).............................................................
Wait Modes.....................................................................................................................
Section 6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
53
53
53
54
54
56
57
61
61
61
61
61
64
64
64
66
68
68
69
74
75
76
77
77
77
77
78
78
78
78
80
Clock Pulse Generator ............................................................................. 83
Overview ........................................................................................................................
6.1.1
Block Diagram................................................................................................
6.1.2
Wait-State Control Register (WSCR).............................................................
Oscillator Circuit ............................................................................................................
Duty Adjustment Circuit.................................................................................................
Prescaler ........................................................................................................................
83
83
84
85
90
90
Section 7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
I/O Ports ....................................................................................................... 91
Overview ........................................................................................................................ 91
Port 1
........................................................................................................................ 93
7.2.1
Overview......................................................................................................... 93
7.2.2
Register Configuration and Descriptions........................................................ 94
7.2.3
Pin Functions in Each Mode........................................................................... 96
7.2.4
Input Pull-Up Transistors ............................................................................... 98
Port 2
........................................................................................................................ 99
7.3.1
Overview......................................................................................................... 99
7.3.2
Register Configuration and Descriptions........................................................ 100
7.3.3
Pin Functions in Each Mode........................................................................... 102
7.3.4
Input Pull-Up Transistors ............................................................................... 105
Port 3
........................................................................................................................ 106
7.4.1
Overview......................................................................................................... 106
7.4.2
Register Configuration and Descriptions........................................................ 107
7.4.3
Pin Functions in Each Mode........................................................................... 109
7.4.4
Input Pull-Up Transistors ............................................................................... 110
Port 4
........................................................................................................................ 111
7.5.1
Overview......................................................................................................... 111
7.5.2
Register Configuration and Descriptions........................................................ 112
7.5.3
Pin Functions .................................................................................................. 113
Port 5
........................................................................................................................ 115
7.6.1
Overview......................................................................................................... 115
7.6.2
Register Configuration and Descriptions........................................................ 115
7.6.3
Pin Functions .................................................................................................. 117
Port 6
........................................................................................................................ 118
7.7.1
Overview......................................................................................................... 118
7.7.2
Register Configuration and Descriptions........................................................ 119
7.7.3
Pin Functions .................................................................................................. 121
Port 7
........................................................................................................................ 123
7.8.1
Overview......................................................................................................... 123
7.8.2
Register Configuration and Descriptions........................................................ 124
Section 8
8.1
8.2
16-Bit Free-Running Timer ................................................................... 125
Overview ........................................................................................................................ 125
8.1.1
Features........................................................................................................... 125
8.1.2
Block Diagram................................................................................................ 126
8.1.3
Input and Output Pins ..................................................................................... 127
8.1.4
Register Configuration.................................................................................... 127
Register Descriptions...................................................................................................... 128
8.2.1
Free-Running Counter (FRC) ......................................................................... 128
8.2.2
Output Compare Registers A and B (OCRA and OCRB).............................. 129
8.2.3
Input Capture Registers A to D (ICRA to ICRD)........................................... 129
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.2.4
Timer Interrupt Enable Register (TIER)......................................................... 131
8.2.5
Timer Control/Status Register (TCSR) .......................................................... 133
8.2.6
Timer Control Register (TCR)........................................................................ 135
8.2.7
Timer Output Compare Control Register (TOCR)......................................... 137
CPU Interface ................................................................................................................. 139
Operation ........................................................................................................................ 142
8.4.1
FRC Incrementation Timing........................................................................... 142
8.4.2
Output Compare Timing................................................................................. 144
8.4.3
FRC Clear Timing .......................................................................................... 145
8.4.4
Input Capture Timing ..................................................................................... 146
8.4.5
Timing of Input Capture Flag (ICF) Setting................................................... 149
8.4.6
Setting of Output Compare Flags A and B (OCFA and OCFB) .................... 150
8.4.7
Setting of FRC Overflow Flag (OVF) ............................................................ 151
Interrupts ........................................................................................................................ 151
Sample Application ........................................................................................................ 152
Usage Notes .................................................................................................................... 153
Section 9
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
8-Bit Timers ................................................................................................ 159
Overview ........................................................................................................................ 159
9.1.1
Features........................................................................................................... 159
9.1.2
Block Diagram................................................................................................ 160
9.1.3
Input and Output Pins ..................................................................................... 161
9.1.4
Register Configuration.................................................................................... 161
Register Descriptions...................................................................................................... 162
9.2.1
Timer Counter (TCNT)................................................................................... 162
9.2.2
Time Constant Registers A and B (TCORA and TCORB) ............................ 162
9.2.3
Timer Control Register (TCR)........................................................................ 163
9.2.4
Timer Control/Status Register (TCSR) .......................................................... 166
9.2.5
Serial/Timer Control Register (STCR)........................................................... 168
Operation ........................................................................................................................ 169
9.3.1
TCNT Incrementation Timing........................................................................ 169
9.3.2
Compare Match Timing.................................................................................. 171
9.3.3
External Reset of TCNT ................................................................................. 173
9.3.4
Setting of TCSR Overflow Flag (OVF).......................................................... 173
Interrupts ........................................................................................................................ 174
Sample Application ........................................................................................................ 174
Usage Notes .................................................................................................................... 175
9.6.1
Contention between TCNT Write and Clear ................................................. 175
9.6.2
Contention between TCNT Write and Increment .......................................... 176
9.6.3
Contention between TCOR Write and Compare-Match ............................... 177
9.6.4
Contention between Compare-Match A and Compare-Match B ................... 178
9.6.5
Incrementation Caused by Changing of Internal Clock Source ..................... 178
Section 10
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
Watchdog Timer ........................................................................................ 181
Overview ........................................................................................................................ 181
10.1.1
Features........................................................................................................... 181
10.1.2
Block Diagram................................................................................................ 182
10.1.3
Register Configuration.................................................................................... 182
Register Descriptions...................................................................................................... 183
10.2.1
Timer Counter (TCNT)................................................................................... 183
10.2.2
Timer Control/Status Register (TCSR) .......................................................... 183
10.2.3
Register Access............................................................................................... 185
Operation ........................................................................................................................ 186
10.3.1
Watchdog Timer Mode................................................................................... 186
10.3.2
Interval Timer Mode....................................................................................... 187
10.3.3
Setting the Overflow Flag............................................................................... 187
Usage Notes .................................................................................................................... 188
10.4.1
Contention between TCNT Write and Increment........................................... 188
10.4.2
Changing the Clock Select Bits (CKS2 to CKS0).......................................... 188
10.4.3
Recovery from Software Standby Mode ........................................................ 188
Section 11
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
Overview ........................................................................................................................ 189
11.1.1
Features........................................................................................................... 189
11.1.2
Block Diagram................................................................................................ 190
11.1.3
Input and Output Pins ..................................................................................... 191
11.1.4
Register Configuration.................................................................................... 191
Register Descriptions...................................................................................................... 192
11.2.1
Receive Shift Register (RSR) ......................................................................... 192
11.2.2
Receive Data Register (RDR)......................................................................... 192
11.2.3
Transmit Shift Register (TSR)........................................................................ 192
11.2.4
Transmit Data Register (TDR) ....................................................................... 193
11.2.5
Serial Mode Register (SMR) .......................................................................... 193
11.2.6
Serial Control Register (SCR) ........................................................................ 196
11.2.7
Serial Status Register (SSR) ........................................................................... 199
11.2.8
Bit Rate Register (BRR) ................................................................................. 202
11.2.9
Serial/Timer Control Register (STCR)........................................................... 207
Operation ........................................................................................................................ 208
11.3.1
Overview......................................................................................................... 208
11.3.2
Asynchronous Mode....................................................................................... 210
11.3.3
Synchronous Mode ......................................................................................... 224
Interrupts ........................................................................................................................ 233
Usage Notes .................................................................................................................... 233
Section 12
12.1
Serial Communication Interface ........................................................... 189
A/D Converter ............................................................................................ 237
Overview ........................................................................................................................ 237
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.1.1
Features........................................................................................................... 237
12.1.2
Block Diagram................................................................................................ 238
12.1.3
Input Pins ........................................................................................................ 239
12.1.4
Register Configuration.................................................................................... 240
Register Descriptions...................................................................................................... 241
12.2.1
A/D Data Registers A to D (ADDRA to ADDRD)........................................ 241
12.2.2
A/D Control/Status Register (ADCSR) .......................................................... 242
12.2.3
A/D Control Register (ADCR) ....................................................................... 244
CPU Interface ................................................................................................................. 245
Operation ........................................................................................................................ 246
12.4.1
Single Mode (SCAN = 0) ............................................................................... 246
12.4.2
Scan Mode (SCAN = 1).................................................................................. 248
12.4.3
Input Sampling and A/D Conversion Time .................................................... 250
12.4.4
External Trigger Input Timing........................................................................ 251
Interrupts ........................................................................................................................ 251
Usage Notes .................................................................................................................... 252
Section 13
13.1
13.2
RAM ............................................................................................................. 253
Overview ........................................................................................................................ 253
13.1.1
Block Diagram................................................................................................ 253
13.1.2
RAM Enable Bit (RAME) in System Control Register (SYSCR) ................. 254
Operation ........................................................................................................................ 254
13.2.1
Expanded Modes (Modes 1 and 2) ................................................................. 254
13.2.2
Single-Chip Mode (Mode 3)........................................................................... 254
Section 14
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
ROM.............................................................................................................. 255
Overview ........................................................................................................................ 255
14.1.1
Block Diagram................................................................................................ 256
PROM Mode................................................................................................................... 257
14.2.1
PROM Mode Setup......................................................................................... 257
14.2.2
Socket Adapter Pin Assignments and Memory Map...................................... 257
PROM Programming ...................................................................................................... 260
14.3.1
Programming and Verifying ........................................................................... 260
14.3.2
Notes on Programming ................................................................................... 264
14.3.3
Reliability of Programmed Data..................................................................... 264
14.3.4
Erasing of Data ............................................................................................... 265
Handling of Windowed Packages................................................................................... 266
Section 15
15.1
15.2
Power-Down State .................................................................................... 267
Overview ........................................................................................................................ 267
15.1.1
System Control Register (SYSCR)................................................................. 268
Sleep Mode ..................................................................................................................... 269
15.2.1
Transition to Sleep Mode................................................................................ 269
15.3
15.4
15.2.2
Exit from Sleep Mode..................................................................................... 269
Software Standby Mode ................................................................................................. 270
15.3.1
Transition to Software Standby Mode............................................................ 270
15.3.2
Exit from Software Standby Mode ................................................................. 270
15.3.3
Clock Settling Time for Exit from Software Standby Mode.......................... 271
15.3.4
Sample Application of Software Standby Mode ............................................ 272
15.3.5
Usage Note...................................................................................................... 272
Hardware Standby Mode ................................................................................................ 273
15.4.1
Transition to Hardware Standby Mode........................................................... 273
15.4.2
Recovery from Hardware Standby Mode ....................................................... 273
15.4.3
Timing Relationships...................................................................................... 274
Section 16
16.1
16.2
16.3
Electrical Specifications.......................................................................... 275
Absolute Maximum Ratings ........................................................................................... 275
Electrical Characteristics ................................................................................................ 275
16.2.1
DC Characteristics .......................................................................................... 275
16.2.2
AC Characteristics .......................................................................................... 285
16.2.3
A/D Converter Characteristics........................................................................ 289
MCU Operational Timing............................................................................................... 290
16.3.1
Bus Timing ..................................................................................................... 290
16.3.2
Control Signal Timing .................................................................................... 292
16.3.3
16-Bit Free-Running Timer Timing ............................................................... 294
16.3.4
8-Bit Timer Timing......................................................................................... 295
16.3.5
Serial Communication Interface Timing ........................................................ 296
16.3.6
I/O Port Timing............................................................................................... 297
16.3.7
External Clock Output Timing ....................................................................... 297
Appendix A CPU Instruction Set.................................................................................. 299
A.1
A.2
A.3
Instruction Set List.......................................................................................................... 299
Operation Code Map....................................................................................................... 307
Number of States Required for Execution...................................................................... 309
Appendix B Register Field ............................................................................................. 315
B.1
B.2
Register Addresses and Bit Names................................................................................. 315
Register Descriptions...................................................................................................... 320
Appendix C I/O Port Block Diagrams ........................................................................ 352
C.1
C.2
C.3
C.4
C.5
C.6
C.7
Port 1 Block Diagram .....................................................................................................
Port 2 Block Diagram .....................................................................................................
Port 3 Block Diagram .....................................................................................................
Port 4 Block Diagrams....................................................................................................
Port 5 Block Diagrams....................................................................................................
Port 6 Block Diagrams....................................................................................................
Port 7 Block Diagrams....................................................................................................
352
353
354
355
360
363
370
Appendix D Pin States ..................................................................................................... 371
D.1
Port States in Each Mode................................................................................................ 371
Appendix E
Timing of Transition to and Recovery
from Hardware Standby Mode.............................................................. 373
Appendix F
Product Code Lineup ............................................................................... 374
Appendix G Package Dimensions ................................................................................ 376
Section 1 Overview
1.1 Overview
The H8/3297 Series of single-chip microcomputers features an H8/300 CPU core and a complement
of on-chip supporting modules implementing a variety of system functions.
The H8/300 CPU is a high-speed processor with an architecture featuring powerful bit-manipulation
instructions, ideally suited for realtime control applications. The on-chip supporting modules
implement peripheral functions needed in system configurations. These include ROM, RAM, three
types of timers (a 16-bit free-running timer, 8-bit timers, and a watchdog timer), a serial
communication interface (SCI), an A/D converter, and I/O ports.
The H8/3297 Series can operate in single-chip mode or in two expanded modes, depending on the
requirements of the application.
The entire H8/3297 Series is available with mask ROM. The H8/3297 and H8/3294 are also
available in ZTAT™ versions* that can be programmed at the user site.
Note: * ZTAT™ (zero turn-around time) is a trademark of Hitachi, Ltd.
Table 1-1 lists the features of the H8/3297 Series.
1
Table 1-1 Features
Item
Specification
CPU
Two-way general register configuration
• Eight 16-bit registers, or
• Sixteen 8-bit registers
High-speed operation
• Maximum clock rate (ø clock): 16 MHz at 5 V, 12 MHz at 4 V or 10 MHz at 3 V
• 8- or 16-bit register-register add/subtract: 125 ns (16 MHz), 167 ns (12 MHz),
200 ns (10 MHz)
• 8 × 8-bit multiply: 875 ns (16 MHz), 1167 ns (12 MHz), 1400 ns (10 MHz)
• 16 ÷ 8-bit divide: 875 ns (16 MHz), 1167 ns (12 MHz), 1400 ns (10 MHz)
Streamlined, concise instruction set
• Instruction length: 2 or 4 bytes
• Register-register arithmetic and logic operations
• MOV instruction for data transfer between registers and memory
Instruction set features
• Multiply instruction (8 bits × 8 bits)
• Divide instruction (16 bits ÷ 8 bits)
• Bit-accumulator instructions
• Register-indirect specification of bit positions
Memory
•
•
•
•
H8/3297: 60k-byte ROM; 2k-byte RAM
H8/3296: 48k-byte ROM; 2k-byte RAM
H8/3294: 32k-byte ROM; 1k-byte RAM
H8/3292: 16k-byte ROM; 512-byte RAM
16-bit freerunning timer
(1 channel)
• One 16-bit free-running counter (can also count external events)
• Two output-compare lines
• Four input capture lines (can be buffered)
8-bit timer
(2 channels)
Each channel has
• One 8-bit up-counter (can also count external events)
• Two time constant registers
Watchdog timer
(WDT)
(1 channel)
• Overflow can generate a reset or NMI interrupt
• Also usable as interval timer
Serial
communication
interface (SCI)
(1 channel)
• Asynchronous or synchronous mode (selectable)
• Full duplex: can transmit and receive simultaneously
• On-chip baud rate generator
A/D converter
•
•
•
•
I/O ports
• 43 input/output lines (16 of which can drive LEDs)
• 8 input-only lines
10-bit resolution
Eight channels: single or scan mode (selectable)
Start of A/D conversion can be externally triggered
Sample-and-hold function
2
Table 1-1 Features (cont)
Item
Specification
Interrupts
• Four external interrupt lines: NMI, IRQ0 to IRQ2
• 19 on-chip interrupt sources
Wait control
• Three selectable wait modes
Operating
modes
• Expanded mode with on-chip ROM disabled (mode 1)
• Expanded mode with on-chip ROM enabled (mode 2)
• Single-chip mode (mode 3)
Power-down
modes
• Sleep mode
• Software standby mode
• Hardware standby mode
Other features
• On-chip oscillator
3
Table 1-1 Features (cont)
Item
Series lineup
Specification
Part Number
Product Name
H8/3297 ZTAT
H8/3297
H8/3296
H8/3294 ZTAT
H8/3294
H8/3292
5-V Version
(16 MHz)
4-V Version
(12 MHz)
3-V Version
(10 MHz)
Package
ROM
HD6473297C16
HD6473297C16
64-pin windowed
shrink DIP
(DC-64S)
PROM
HD6473297P16
HD6473297P16
64-pin shrink DIP
(DP-64S)
HD6473297F16
HD6473297F16
64-pin QFP
(FP-64A)
HD6473297TF16
HD6473297TF16
80-pin TQFP
(TFP-80C)
HD6433297P16
HD6433297P12
HD6433297VP10
64-pin shrink DIP
(DP-64S)
HD6433297F16
HD6433297F12
HD6433297VF10
64-pin QFP
(FP-64A)
HD6433297TF16
HD6433297TF12
HD6433297VTF10 80-pin TQFP
(TFP-80C)
HD6433296P16
HD6433296P12
HD6433296VP10
64-pin shrink DIP
(DP-64S)
HD6433296F16
HD6433296F12
HD6433296VF10
64-pin QFP
(FP-64A)
HD6433296TF16
HD6433296TF12
HD6433296VTF10 80-pin TQFP
(TFP-80C)
HD6473294P16
HD6473294P16
64-pin shrink DIP
(DP-64S)
HD6473294F16
HD6473294F16
64-pin QFP
(FP-64A)
HD6473294TF16
HD6473294TF16
80-pin TQFP
(TFP-80C)
HD6433294P16
HD6433294P12
HD6433294VP10
64-pin shrink DIP
(DP-64S)
HD6433294F16
HD6433294F12
HD6433294VF10
64-pin QFP
(FP-64A)
HD6433294TF16
HD6433294TF12
HD6433294VTF10 80-pin TQFP
(TFP-80C)
HD6433292P16
HD6433292P12
HD6433292VP10
64-pin shrink DIP
(DP-64S)
HD6433292F16
HD6433292F12
HD6433292VF10
64-pin QFP
(FP-64A)
HD6433292TF16
HD6433292TF12
HD6433292VTF10 80-pin TQFP
(TFP-80C)
4
Mask ROM
Mask ROM
PROM
Mask ROM
Mask ROM
1.2 Block Diagram
RAM
Port 4
ROM
Port 1
P10/A0
P11/A1
P12/A2
P13/A3
P14/A4
P15/A5
P16/A6
P17/A7
P4 0 /IRQ 2/ADTRG
P4 1 /IRQ 1
P4 2 /IRQ 0
P4 3 /RD
P4 4 /WR
P4 5 /AS
P4 6 /Ø
P4 7 /WAIT
Port 3
Data bus (Low)
Address bus
RES
STBY
NMI
MD0
MD1
VCC
VSS
CPU
H8/300
Data bus (High)
XTAL
EXTAL
Clock pulse
generator
Figure 1-1 shows a block diagram of the H8/3297 Series.
P30/D0
P31/D1
P32/D2
P33/D3
P34/D4
P35/D5
P36/D6
P37/D7
Watchdog timer
Serial
communication
interface
16-bit freerunning timer
Figure 1-1 Block Diagram
5
P5 2 /SCK
Port 5
P5 0 /TxD
P70
P71
P72
P73
P74
P75
P76
P77
/AN0
/AN1
/AN2
/AN3
/AN4
/AN5
/AN6
/AN7
Port 7
P60 /FTCI/TMCI0
P61 /FTOA
P6 2 /FTIA
P63 /FTIB/TMRI0
P64 /FTIC/TMO0
P65 /FTID/TMCI1
P66 /FTOB/TMRI1
P67 /TMO1
Port 6
10-bit A/D converter
(8 channels)
P5 1 /RxD
8-bit timer
(2 channels)
AVCC
AVSS
Port 2
P20 /A8
P21 /A9
P22 /A
10
P23 /A
11
P24 /A
12
P25 /A
13
P26 /A
14
P27 /A
15
1.3 Pin Assignments and Functions
1.3.1 Pin Arrangement
Figure 1-2 shows the pin arrangement of the DC-64S and DP-64S packages. Figure 1-3 shows the
pin arrangement of the FP-64A package. Figure 1-4 shows the pin arrangement of the TFP-80C
package.
P40/ADTRG/IRQ2
1
64
P37/D7
P41/IRQ1
2
63
P36/D6
P42/IRQ0
3
62
P35/D5
P43/RD
4
61
P34/D4
P44/WR
5
60
P33/D3
P45/AS
6
59
P32/D2
P46/Ø
7
58
P31/D1
P47/WAIT
8
57
P30/D0
P50/TxD
9
56
P10/A0
P51/RxD
10
55
P11/A1
P52/SCK
11
54
P12/A2
RES
12
53
P13/A3
NMI
13
52
P14/A4
VCC
14
51
P15/A5
STBY
15
50
P16/A6
VSS
16
49
P17/A7
XTAL
17
48
VSS
EXTAL
18
47
P20/A8
MD1
19
46
P21/A9
MD0
20
45
P22/A10
AV SS
21
44
P23/A11
P70/AN0
22
43
P24/A12
P71/AN1
23
42
P25/A13
P72/AN2
24
41
P26/A14
P73/AN3
25
40
P27/A15
P74/AN4
26
39
VCC
P75/AN5
27
38
P67/TMO1
P76/AN6
28
37
P66/FTOB/TMRI1
P77/AN7
29
36
P65/FTID/TMCI1
AV CC
30
35
P64/FTIC/TMO0
P60/FTCI/TMCI0
31
34
P63/FTIB/TMRI0
P61/FTOA
32
33
P62/FTIA
Figure 1-2 Pin Arrangement (DC-64S and DP-64S, Top view)
6
P10/A0
P11/A1
P12/A2
P13/A3
P14/A4
P15/A5
P16/A6
P17/A7
VSS
P20/A8
P21/A9
P22/A10
P23/A11
P24/A12
P25/A13
P26/A14
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
P30/D0
49
32
P27/A15
P31/D1
50
31
VCC
P32/D2
51
30
P67/TMO1
P33/D3
52
29
P66/FTOB/TMRI1
P34/D4
53
28
P65/FTID/TMCI1
P35/D5
54
27
P64/FTIC/TMO0
P36/D6
55
26
P63/FTIB/TMRI0
13
14
15
16
AV SS
P71/AN1
P72/AN2
12
P70/AN0
11
P73/AN3
MD1
P74/AN4
17
MD0
18
64
10
63
9
P46/Ø
P47/WAIT
XTAL
P75/AN5
EXTAL
P76/AN6
19
8
20
62
7
61
P45/AS
VSS
P44/WR
STBY
P77/AN7
6
AVCC
21
5
22
60
VCC
59
P43/RD
NMI
P42/IRQ0
4
P60/FTCI/TMCI0
3
23
RES
58
P52/SCK
24
P41/IRQ1
2
P62/FTIA
P61/FTOA
P51/RxD
25
57
1
56
P50/TxD
P37/D7
P40/ADTRG/IRQ2
Figure 1-3 Pin Arrangement (FP-64A, Top view)
7
P10/A0
P11/A1
P12/A2
P13/A3
P14/A4
VSS
P15/A5
P16/A6
P17/A7
VSS
VSS
VSS
P20/A8
P21/A9
P22/A10
VSS
P23/A11
P24/A12
P25/A13
P26/A14
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
27
AVCC
75
26
P77/AN7
VSS
76
25
P76/AN6
P44/WR
77
24
VSS
P45/AS
78
23
P75/AN5
P46/Ø
79
22
P74/AN4
P47/WAIT
80
21
P73/AN3
P50/TxD
20
74
P43/RD
P72/AN2
P42/IRQ0
19
P60/FTCI/TMCI0
P71/AN1
VSS
28
18
29
73
P70/AN0
72
VSS
17
P41/IRQ1
AVSS
P61/FTOA
16
30
MD0
71
15
VSS
P40/ADTRG/IRQ2
14
31
VSS
70
MD1
P62/FTIA
VSS
13
32
12
69
VSS
P63/FTIB/TMRI0
P37/D7
EXTAL
33
11
68
XTAL
VSS
P36/D6
10
34
VSS
67
9
P64/FTIC/TMO0
P35/D5
VSS
35
8
66
VSS
P65/FTID/TMCI1
VSS
7
36
STBY
65
6
P66/FTOB/TMRI1
P34/D4
VCC
37
5
64
NMI
P67/TMO1
P33/D3
4
38
RES
63
3
VCC
P32/D2
P52/SCK
P27/A15
39
2
40
62
1
61
P31/D1
P51/RxD
P30/D0
Figure 1-4 Pin Arrangement (TFP-80C, Top view)
8
1.3.2 Pin Functions
(1) Pin Assignments in Each Operating Mode: Table 1-2 lists the assignments of the pins of the
DC-64S, DP-64S, FP-64A, and TFP-80C packages in each operating mode.
Table 1-2 Pin Assignments in Each Operating Mode
Pin No.
DC-64S
Expanded modes
Mode 2
Single-chip mode PROM
DP-64S FP-64A
TFP-80C Mode 1
1
57
71
P40/IRQ2/ADTRG P40/IRQ2/ADTRG P40/IRQ2/ADTRG EA16
2
58
72
P41/IRQ1
P41/IRQ1
P41/IRQ1
EA15
—
—
73
VSS
VSS
VSS
VSS
3
59
74
P42/IRQ0
P42/IRQ0
P42/IRQ0
PGM
4
60
75
RD
RD
P43
NC
—
—
76
VSS
VSS
VSS
VSS
5
61
77
WR
WR
P44
NC
6
62
78
AS
AS
P45
NC
7
63
79
Ø
Ø
P46/Ø
NC
8
64
80
P47/WAIT
P47/WAIT
P47
NC
9
1
1
P50/TxD
P50/TxD
P50/TxD
NC
10
2
2
P51/RxD
P51/RxD
P51/RxD
NC
11
3
3
P52/SCK
P52/SCK
P52/SCK
NC
12
4
4
RES
RES
RES
VPP
13
5
5
NMI
NMI
NMI
EA9
14
6
6
VCC
VCC
VCC
VCC
15
7
7
STBY
STBY
STBY
VSS
16
8
8
VSS
VSS
VSS
VSS
—
—
9
VSS
VSS
VSS
VSS
—
—
10
VSS
VSS
VSS
VSS
17
9
11
XTAL
XTAL
XTAL
NC
—
—
12
VSS
VSS
VSS
VSS
18
10
13
EXTAL
EXTAL
EXTAL
NC
19
11
14
MD1
MD1
MD1
VSS
Note: Pins marked NC should be left unconnected.
For details on PROM mode, refer to 14.2, PROM Mode.
9
Mode 3
mode
Table 1-2 Pin Assignments in Each Operating Mode (cont)
Pin No.
DC-64S
Expanded modes
Single-chip mode PROM
DP-64S FP-64A
TFP-80C Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3
mode
—
—
15
VSS
VSS
VSS
VSS
20
12
16
MD0
MD0
MD0
VSS
21
13
17
AVSS
AVSS
AVSS
VSS
22
14
18
P70/AN0
P70/AN0
P70/AN0
NC
23
15
19
P71/AN1
P71/AN1
P71/AN1
NC
24
16
20
P72/AN2
P72/AN2
P72/AN2
NC
25
17
21
P73/AN3
P73/AN3
P73/AN3
NC
26
18
22
P74/AN4
P74/AN4
P74/AN4
NC
27
19
23
P75/AN5
P75/AN5
P75/AN5
NC
—
—
24
VSS
VSS
VSS
VSS
28
20
25
P76/AN6
P76/AN6
P76/AN6
NC
29
21
26
P77/AN7
P77/AN7
P77/AN7
NC
30
22
27
AVCC
AVCC
AVCC
VCC
31
23
28
P60/FTCI/TMCI0
P60/FTCI/TMCI0
P60/FTCI/TMCI0
NC
—
—
29
VSS
VSS
VSS
VSS
32
24
30
P61/FTOA
P61/FTOA
P61/FTOA
NC
—
—
31
VSS
VSS
VSS
VSS
33
25
32
P62/FTIA
P62/FTIA
P62/FTIA
NC
34
26
33
P63/FTIB/TMRI0
P63/FTIB/TMRI0
P63/FTIB/TMRI0
VCC
—
—
34
VSS
VSS
VSS
VSS
35
27
35
P64/FTIC/TMO0
P64/FTIC/TMO0
P64/FTIC/TMO0
VCC
36
28
36
P65/FTID/TMCI1
P65/FTID/TMCI1
P65/FTID/TMCI1
NC
37
29
37
P66/FTOB/TMRI1
P66/FTOB/TMRI1
P66/FTOB/TMRI1
NC
38
30
38
P67/TMO1
P67/TMO1
P67/TMO1
NC
39
31
39
VCC
VCC
VCC
VCC
40
32
40
A15
A27/A15
P27
CE
41
33
41
A14
P26/A14
P26
EA14
42
34
42
A13
P25/A13
P25
EA13
Note: Pins marked NC should be left unconnected.
For details on PROM mode, refer to 14.2, PROM Mode.
10
Table 1-2 Pin Assignments in Each Operating Mode (cont)
Pin No.
DC-64S
Expanded modes
Single-chip mode PROM
DP-64S FP-64A
TFP-80C Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3
mode
43
35
43
A12
P24/A12
P24
EA12
44
36
44
A11
P23/A11
P23
EA11
—
—
45
VSS
VSS
VSS
VSS
45
37
46
A10
P22/A10
P22
EA10
46
38
47
A9
P21/A9
P21
OE
47
39
48
A8
P20/A8
P20
EA8
—
—
49
VSS
VSS
VSS
VSS
48
40
50
VSS
VSS
VSS
VSS
—
—
51
VSS
VSS
VSS
VSS
49
41
52
A7
P17/A7
P17
EA7
50
42
53
A6
P16/A6
P16
EA6
51
43
54
A5
P15/A5
P15
EA5
—
—
55
VSS
VSS
VSS
VSS
52
44
56
A4
P14/A4
P14
EA4
53
45
57
A3
P13/A3
P13
EA3
54
46
58
A2
P12/A2
P12
EA2
55
47
59
A1
P11/A1
P11
EA1
56
48
60
A0
P10/A0
P10
EA0
57
49
61
D0
D0
P30
EO0
58
50
62
D1
D1
P31
EO1
59
51
63
D2
D2
P32
EO2
60
52
64
D3
D3
P33
EO3
61
53
65
D4
D4
P34
EO4
—
—
66
VSS
VSS
VSS
VSS
62
54
67
D5
D5
P35
EO5
63
55
68
D6
D6
P36
EO6
64
56
69
D7
D7
P37
EO7
—
—
70
VSS
VSS
VSS
VSS
Note: Pins marked NC should be left unconnected.
For details on PROM mode, refer to 14.2, PROM Mode.
11
(2) Pin Functions: Table 1-3 gives a concise description of the function of each pin.
Table 1-3 Pin Functions
Pin No.
Type
Symbol
DC-64S
DP-64S FP-64A
TFP-80C
I/O Name and function
Power
VCC
14, 39
6, 31
6, 39
I
Power: Connected to the power
supply (+5 V or +3 V). Connect both
VCC pins to the system power supply
(+5 V or +3 V).
VSS
16, 48
8, 40
8, 9, 10,
I
12, 15, 24,
29, 31, 34,
45, 49, 50,
51, 55, 66,
70, 73, 76
Ground: Connected to ground (0 V).
Connect all VSS pins to system
ground (0 V).
XTAL
17
9
11
I
Crystal: Connected to a crystal
oscillator. The crystal frequency
should be the same as the desired
system clock frequency. If an external
clock is input at the EXTAL pin, a
reverse-phase clock should be input
at the XTAL pin.
EXTAL
18
10
13
I
External crystal: Connected to a
crystal oscillator or external clock. The
frequency of the external clock should
be the same as the desired system
clock frequency. See section 6.2,
Oscillator Circuit for examples of
connections to a crystal and
external clock.
ø
7
63
79
O
System clock: Supplies the system
clock to peripheral devices.
RES
12
4
4
I
Reset: A Low input causes the chip to
reset.
STBY
15
7
7
I
Standby: A transition to the hardware
standby mode (a power-down state)
occurs when a Low input is received
at the STBY pin.
A15 to A0
40 to 47, 32 to 39, 40 to 44,
49 to 56 41 to 48 46 to 48,
52 to 54,
56 to 60
O
Address bus: Address output pins.
Clock
System
control
Address
bus
12
Table 1-3 Pin Functions (cont)
Pin No.
DC-64S
DP-64S FP-64A
Type
Symbol
Data bus
D7 to D0
64 to 57 56 to 49 65 to 61,
69 to 67
I/O Data bus: 8-Bit bidirectional data bus.
Bus
control
WAIT
8
64
80
I
Wait: Requests the CPU to insert wait
states into the bus cycle when an
external address is accessed.
RD
4
60
75
O
Read: Goes Low to indicate that the
CPU is reading an external address.
WR
5
61
77
O
Write: Goes Low to indicate that the
CPU is writing to an external address.
AS
6
62
78
O
Address strobe: Goes Low to
indicate that there is a valid address
on the address bus.
NMI
13
5
5
I
Nonmaskable interrupt: Highestpriority interrupt request. The NMIEG
bit in the system control register
(SYSCR) determines whether the
interrupt is recognized at the rising or
falling edge of the NMI input.
IRQ0 to
IRQ2
1 to 3
57 to 59 71, 72, 74
I
Interrupt request 0 to 2: Maskable
interrupt request pins.
MD1,
MD0
19,
20
11,
12
I
Mode: Input pins for setting the MCU
operating mode according to the table
below.
Interrupt
signals
Operating
mode
control
TFP-80C
14,
16
I/O Name and function
MD1 MD0 Mode
13
Description
0
1
Mode 1 Expanded mode
with on-chip ROM
disabled
1
0
Mode 2 Expanded mode
with on-chip ROM
enabled
1
1
Mode 3 Single-chip mode
Table 1-3 Pin Functions (cont)
Pin No.
Type
Symbol
16-bit free- FTOA,
running
FTOB
timer
(FRT)
FTCI
8-bit
timer
Serial
communication
interface
(SCI)
A/D
converter
DC-64S
DP-64S FP-64A
TFP-80C
I/O Name and function
32,
37
24,
29
30,
37
O
FRT output compare A and B:
Output pins controlled by comparators
A and B of the free-running timer.
31
23
28
I
FRT counter clock input: Input pin
for an external clock signal for the
free-running timer.
FTIA to
FTID
33 to 36 25 to 28 32, 33, 35, I
36
FRT input capture A to D: Input
capture pins for the free-running
timer.
TMO0,
TMO1
35,
38
27,
30
35,
38
O
8-bit timer output (channels 0 and
1): Compare-match output pins for the
8-bit timers.
TMCI0,
TMCI1
31,
36
23,
28
28,
36
I
8-bit timer counter clock input
(channels 0 and 1): External clock
input pins for the 8-bit timer counters.
TMRI0,
TMRI1
34,
37
26,
29
33,
37
I
8-bit timer counter reset input
(channels 0 and 1): A High input at
these pins resets the 8-bit timer
counters.
TxD
9
1
1
O
Transmit data: Data output pin for
the serial communication interface.
RxD
10
2
2
I
Receive data: Data input pin for the
serial communication interface.
SCK
11
3
3
I/O Serial clock: Input/output pin for the
serial clock.
AN7 to AN0 29 to 22 21 to 14 26, 25,
23 to 18
I
Analog input: Analog signal input
pins for the A/D converter.
ADTRG
1
57
71
I
A/D trigger: External trigger input for
starting the A/D converter.
AVCC
30
22
27
I
Programmable Wait Mode:
The number of wait states (TW)
selected by bits WC1 and WC0 are
inserted in all accesses to external
addresses, regardless of the WAIT
pin state.
AVSS
21
13
17
I
Analog ground: Ground pin for the
A/D converter. Connect to system
ground.
14
Table 1-3 Pin Functions (cont)
Pin No.
DC-64S
DP-64S FP-64A
Type
Symbol
TFP-80C
I/O Name and function
Generalpurpose
I/O
P17 to P10 49 to 56 41 to 48 52 to 54,
56 to 60
I/O Port 1: An 8-bit input/output port with
programmable MOS input pull-ups
and LED driving capability. The
direction of each bit can be selected
in the port 1 data direction register
(P1DDR).
P27 to P20 40 to 47 32 to 39 40 to 44,
46 to 48
I/O Port 2: An 8-bit input/output port with
programmable MOS input pull-ups
and LED driving capability. The
direction of each bit can be selected
in the port 2 data direction register
(P2DDR).
P37 to P30 64 to 57 56 to 49 69 to 67,
65 to 61
I/O Port 3: An 8-bit input/output port with
programmable MOS input pull-ups.
The direction of each bit can be
selected in the port 3 data direction
register (P3DDR).
P47 to P40 8 to 1
64 to 57 80 to 77
I/O Port 4: An 8-bit input/output port. The
75, 74, 72,
direction of each bit can be selected
71
in the port 4 data direction register
(P4DDR).
P52 to P50 11 to 9
3 to 1
3 to 1
I/O Port 5: A 3-bit input/output port. The
direction of each bit can be selected
in the port 5 data direction register
(P5DDR).
I/O Port 6: An 8-bit input/output port. The
P67 to P60 38 to 31 30 to 23 38 to 35,
33, 32, 30,
direction of each bit can be selected
28
in the port 6 data direction register
(P6DDR).
P77 to P70 29 to 22 21 to 14 26, 25,
23 to 18
15
I
Port 7: An 8-bit input port.
16
Section 2 CPU
2.1 Overview
The H8/300 CPU is a fast central processing unit with eight 16-bit general registers (also
configurable as 16 eight-bit registers) and a concise instruction set designed for high-speed
operation.
2.1.1 Features
The main features of the H8/300 CPU are listed below.
•
Two-way register configuration
— Sixteen 8-bit general registers, or
— Eight 16-bit general registers
•
Instruction set with 57 basic instructions, including:
— Multiply and divide instructions
— Powerful bit-manipulation instructions
•
Eight addressing modes
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Register direct (Rn)
Register indirect (@Rn)
Register indirect with displacement (@(d:16, Rn))
Register indirect with post-increment or pre-decrement (@Rn+ or @–Rn)
Absolute address (@aa:8 or @aa:16)
Immediate (#xx:8 or #xx:16)
PC-relative (@(d:8, PC))
Memory indirect (@@aa:8)
•
Maximum 64-kbyte address space
•
High-speed operation
— All frequently-used instructions are executed in two to four states
•
Maximum clock rate (ø clock): 16 MHz at 5 V, 12 MHz at 4 V or 10 MHz at 3 V
— 8- or 16-bit register-register add or subtract: 125 ns (16 MHz), 167 ns (12 MHz),
200 ns (10 MHz)
— 8 × 8-bit multiply: 875 ns (16 MHz), 1167 ns (12 MHz), 1400 ns (10 MHz)
— 16 ÷ 8-bit divide: 875 ns (16 MHz), 1167 ns (12 MHz), 1400 ns (10 MHz)
•
Power-down mode
— SLEEP instruction
17
2.1.2 Address Space
The H8/300 CPU supports an address space with a maximum size of 64 kbytes for program code
and data combined. The memory map differs depending on the mode (mode 1, 2, or 3). For details,
see section 3.4, Address Space Map in Each Operating Mode.
2.1.3 Register Configuration
Figure 2-1 shows the internal register structure of the H8/300 CPU. There are two groups of
registers: the general registers and control registers.
General registers (Rn)
7
0 7
0
R0H
R0L
R1H
R1L
R2H
R2L
R3H
R3L
R4H
R4L
R5H
R5L
R6H
R6L
R7H
(SP)
SP: Stack pointer
R7L
Control registers
15
0
PC
CCR
PC: Program counter
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
I UHUNZ VC
CCR: Condition code register
Carry flag
Overflow flag
Zero flag
Negative flag
Half-carry flag
Interrupt mask bit
User bit
User bit
Figure 2-1 CPU Registers
18
2.2 Register Descriptions
2.2.1 General Registers
All the general registers can be used as both data registers and address registers. When used as
address registers, the general registers are accessed as 16-bit registers (R0 to R7). When used as
data registers, they can be accessed as 16-bit registers, or the high and low bytes can be accessed
separately as 8-bit registers (R0H to R7H and R0L to R7L).
R7 also functions as the stack pointer, used implicitly by hardware in processing interrupts and
subroutine calls. In assembly-language coding, R7 can also be denoted by the letters SP. As
indicated in figure 2-2, R7 (SP) points to the top of the stack.
Unused area
SP (R7)
Stack area
Figure 2-2 Stack Pointer
2.2.2 Control Registers
The CPU control registers include a 16-bit program counter (PC) and an 8-bit condition code
register (CCR).
(1) Program Counter (PC): This 16-bit register indicates the address of the next instruction the
CPU will execute. Each instruction is accessed in 16 bits (1 word), so the least significant bit of the
PC is ignored (always regarded as 0).
(2) Condition Code Register (CCR): This 8-bit register contains internal status information,
including carry (C), overflow (V), zero (Z), negative (N), and half-carry (H) flags and the interrupt
mask bit (I).
Bit 7—Interrupt Mask Bit (I): When this bit is set to 1, all interrupts except NMI are masked.
This bit is set to 1 automatically by a reset and at the start of interrupt handling.
19
Bit 6—User Bit (U): This bit can be written and read by software (using the LDC, STC, ANDC,
ORC, and XORC instructions).
Bit 5—Half-Carry Flag (H): This flag is set to 1 when the ADD.B, ADDX.B, SUB.B, SUBX.B,
NEG.B, or CMP.B instruction causes a carry or borrow out of bit 3, and is cleared to 0 otherwise.
Similarly, it is set to 1 when the ADD.W, SUB.W, or CMP.W instruction causes a carry or borrow
out of bit 11, and cleared to 0 otherwise. It is used implicitly in the DAA and DAS instructions.
Bit 4—User Bit (U): This bit can be written and read by software (using the LDC, STC, ANDC,
ORC, and XORC instructions).
Bit 3—Negative Flag (N): This flag indicates the most significant bit (sign bit) of the result of an
instruction.
Bit 2—Zero Flag (Z): This flag is set to 1 to indicate a zero result and cleared to 0 to indicate a
nonzero result.
Bit 1—Overflow Flag (V): This flag is set to 1 when an arithmetic overflow occurs, and cleared to
0 at other times.
Bit 0—Carry Flag (C): This flag is used by:
•
Add and subtract instructions, to indicate a carry or borrow at the most significant bit of the
result
•
Shift and rotate instructions, to store the value shifted out of the most significant or least
significant bit
•
Bit manipulation and bit load instructions, as a bit accumulator
The LDC, STC, ANDC, ORC, and XORC instructions enable the CPU to load and store the CCR,
and to set or clear selected bits by logic operations. The N, Z, V, and C flags are used in conditional
branching instructions (BCC).
For the action of each instruction on the flag bits, see the H8/300 Series Programming Manual.
2.2.3 Initial Register Values
When the CPU is reset, the program counter (PC) is loaded from the vector table and the interrupt
mask bit (I) in the CCR is set to 1. The other CCR bits and the general registers are not initialized.
In particular, the stack pointer (R7) is not initialized. The stack pointer and CCR should be
initialized by software, by the first instruction executed after a reset.
20
2.3 Data Formats
The H8/300 CPU can process 1-bit data, 4-bit (BCD) data, 8-bit (byte) data, and 16-bit (word) data.
•
Bit manipulation instructions operate on 1-bit data specified as bit n (n = 0, 1, 2, ..., 7) in a byte
operand.
•
All arithmetic and logic instructions except ADDS and SUBS can operate on byte data.
•
The DAA and DAS instruction perform decimal arithmetic adjustments on byte data in packed
BCD form. Each nibble of the byte is treated as a decimal digit.
•
The MOV.W, ADD.W, SUB.W, CMP.W, ADDS, SUBS, MULXU (8 bits × 8 bits), and
DIVXU (16 bits ÷ 8 bits) instructions operate on word data.
21
2.3.1 Data Formats in General Registers
Data of all the sizes above can be stored in general registers as shown in figure 2-3.
Data Type
Register No.
Data Format
7
1-bit data
RnH
1-bit data
RnL
Byte data
RnH
Byte data
RnL
Word data
Rn
4-bit BCD data
RnH
7
0
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Don’t care
7
Don’t care
7
7
0
MSB
LSB
Don’t care
0
6
5
3
2
1
0
Don’t care
7
0
MSB
LSB
15
0
MSB
LSB
7
4
3
Upper digit
0
Lower digit
Don’t care
7
4-bit BCD data
4
Don’t care
RnL
4
Upper digit
Legend
RnH: Upper digit of general register
RnL: Lower digit of general register
MSB: Most significant bit
LSB: Least significant bit
Figure 2-3 Register Data Formats
22
0
3
Lower digit
2.3.2 Memory Data Formats
Figure 2-4 indicates the data formats in memory.
Word data stored in memory must always begin at an even address. In word access the least
significant bit of the address is regarded as 0. If an odd address is specified, no address error occurs
but the access is performed at the preceding even address. This rule affects MOV.W instructions
and branching instructions, and implies that only even addresses should be stored in the vector table.
Data Type
Address
Data Format
7
1-bit data
Address n
7
Byte data
Address n
MSB
Even address
MSB
Word data
Odd address
Byte data (CCR) on stack
Word data on stack
0
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
LSB
Upper 8 bits
Lower 8 bits
LSB
MSB
CCR
LSB
Odd address
MSB
CCR*
LSB
Even address
MSB
Even address
Odd address
LSB
Note: * Ignored on return
Legend
CCR: Condition code register
Figure 2-4 Memory Data Formats
When the stack is addressed by register R7, it must always be accessed a word at a time. When the
CCR is pushed on the stack, two identical copies of the CCR are pushed to make a complete word.
When they are restored, the lower byte is ignored.
23
2.4 Addressing Modes
2.4.1 Addressing Mode
The H8/300 CPU supports eight addressing modes. Each instruction uses a subset of these
addressing modes.
Table 2-1 Addressing Modes
No.
Addressing Mode
Symbol
(1)
Register direct
Rn
(2)
Register indirect
@Rn
(3)
Register indirect with displacement
@(d:16, Rn)
(4)
Register indirect with post-increment
Register indirect with pre-decrement
@Rn+
@–Rn
(5)
Absolute address
@aa:8 or @aa:16
(6)
Immediate
#xx:8 or #xx:16
(7)
Program-counter-relative
@(d:8, PC)
(8)
Memory indirect
@@aa:8
(1) Register Direct—Rn: The register field of the instruction specifies an 8- or 16-bit general
register containing the operand. In most cases the general register is accessed as an 8-bit register.
Only the MOV.W, ADD.W, SUB.W, CMP.W, ADDS, SUBS, MULXU (8 bits × 8 bits), and
DIVXU (16 bits ÷ 8 bits) instructions have 16-bit operands.
(2) Register Indirect—@Rn: The register field of the instruction specifies a 16-bit general register
containing the address of the operand.
(3) Register Indirect with Displacement—@(d:16, Rn): This mode, which is used only in MOV
instructions, is similar to register indirect but the instruction has a second word (bytes 3 and 4)
which is added to the contents of the specified general register to obtain the operand address. For
the MOV.W instruction, the resulting address must be even.
(4) Register Indirect with Post-Increment or Pre-Decrement—@Rn+ or @–Rn:
•
Register indirect with Post-Increment—@Rn+
The @Rn+ mode is used with MOV instructions that load registers from memory.
It is similar to the register indirect mode, but the 16-bit general register specified in the register
field of the instruction is incremented after the operand is accessed. The size of the increment is
1 or 2 depending on the size of the operand: 1 for MOV.B; 2 for MOV.W. For MOV.W, the
original contents of the 16-bit general register must be even.
24
•
Register Indirect with Pre-Decrement—@–Rn
The @–Rn mode is used with MOV instructions that store register contents to memory.
It is similar to the register indirect mode, but the 16-bit general register specified in the register
field of the instruction is decremented before the operand is accessed. The size of the decrement
is 1 or 2 depending on the size of the operand: 1 for MOV.B; 2 for MOV.W. For MOV.W, the
original contents of the 16-bit general register must be even.
(5) Absolute Address—@aa:8 or @aa:16: The instruction specifies the absolute address of the
operand in memory. The MOV.B instruction uses an 8-bit absolute address of the form H'FFxx. The
upper 8 bits are assumed to be 1, so the possible address range is H'FF00 to H'FFFF (65280 to
65535). The MOV.B, MOV.W, JMP, and JSR instructions can use 16-bit absolute addresses.
(6) Immediate—#xx:8 or #xx:16: The instruction contains an 8-bit operand in its second byte, or a
16-bit operand in its third and fourth bytes. Only MOV.W instructions can contain 16-bit immediate
values.
The ADDS and SUBS instructions implicitly contain the value 1 or 2 as immediate data. Some bit
manipulation instructions contain 3-bit immediate data (#xx:3) in the second or fourth byte of the
instruction, specifying a bit number.
(7) Program-Counter-Relative—@(d:8, PC): This mode is used to generate branch addresses in
the Bcc and BSR instructions. An 8-bit value in byte 2 of the instruction code is added as a signextended value to the program counter contents. The result must be an even number. The possible
branching range is –126 to +128 bytes (–63 to +64 words) from the current address.
(8) Memory Indirect—@@aa:8: This mode can be used by the JMP and JSR instructions. The
second byte of the instruction code specifies an 8-bit absolute address from H'0000 to H'00FF (0 to
255). The word located at this address contains the branch address. The upper 8 bits of the absolute
address are 0 (H'00), thus the branch address is limited to values from 0 to 255 (H'0000 to H'00FF).
Note that some of the addresses in this range are also used in the vector table. Refer to section 3.4,
Address Space Map in Each Operating Mode.
If an odd address is specified as a branch destination or as the operand address of a MOV.W
instruction, the least significant bit is regarded as 0, causing word access to be performed at the
address preceding the specified address. See section 2.3.2, Memory Data Formats, for further
information.
25
2.4.2 Calculation of Effective Address
Table 2-2 shows how the H8/300 calculates effective addresses in each addressing mode.
Arithmetic, logic, and shift instructions use register direct addressing (1). The ADD.B, ADDX.B,
SUBX.B, CMP.B, AND.B, OR.B, and XOR.B instructions can also use immediate addressing (6).
The MOV instruction uses all the addressing modes except program-counter relative (7) and
memory indirect (8).
Bit manipulation instructions use register direct (1), register indirect (2), or 8-bit absolute (5)
addressing to identify a byte operand, and 3-bit immediate addressing to identify a bit within the
byte. The BSET, BCLR, BNOT, and BTST instructions can also use register direct addressing (1)
to identify the bit.
26
27
4
3
2
regm
op
7 6
reg
4 3
4 3
regn
0
0
op
disp
7 6
op
7 6
4 3
reg
0
0
15
op
7 6
reg
4 3
0
Register indirect with pre-decrement,
@–Rn
15
4 3
reg
Register indirect with
post-increment, @Rn+
15
Register indirect with displacement,
@(d:16, Rn)
15
Register indirect, @Rn
op
8 7
Register direct, Rn
1
15
Addressing Mode and
Instruction Format
No.
Table 2-2 Effective Address Calculation
0
0
0
0
1 or 2 *
16-bit register contents
1 or 2 *
16-bit register contents
disp
16-bit register contents
16-bit register contents
3
regm
0
Effective Address
3
regn
0
15
15
15
15
0
0
0
0
Operands are contained in registers regm
and regn
Note: * 1 for a byte operand, 2 for a word operand
15
15
15
15
Effective Address Calculation
28
7
6
5
No.
op
op
15
op
PC-relative
@(d:8, PC)
15
#xx:16
15
Immediate
#xx:8
15
@aa:16
15
8 7
IMM
op
8 7
abs
op
8 7
Absolute address
@aa:8
Addressing Mode and
Instruction Format
disp
IMM
abs
0
0
0
0
0
Table 2-2 Effective Address Calculation (cont)
PC contents
Sign extension
15
disp
Effective Address Calculation
0
H'FF
8 7
0
0
15
0
Operand is 1- or 2-byte immediate data
15
15
Effective address
29
Legend
reg: General register
op: Operation code
disp: Displacement
IMM: Immediate data
abs: Absolute address
op
8 7
abs
Memory indirect, @@aa:8
8
15
Addressing Mode and
Instruction Format
No.
0
Table 2-2 Effective Address Calculation (cont)
15
8 7
Memory contents (16 bits)
H'00
Effective Address Calculation
0
15
Effective Address
0
2.5 Instruction Set
The H8/300 CPU has 57 types of instructions, which are classified by function in table 2-3.
Table 2-3 Instruction Classification
Function
Instructions
Types
Data transfer
MOV, MOVTPE*3, MOVFPE*3, PUSH*1, POP*1
3
Arithmetic operations
ADD, SUB, ADDX, SUBX, INC, DEC, ADDS, SUBS,
DAA, DAS, MULXU, DIVXU, CMP, NEG
14
Logic operations
AND, OR, XOR, NOT
4
Shift
SHAL, SHAR, SHLL, SHLR, ROTL, ROTR, ROTXL,
ROTXR
8
Bit manipulation
BSET, BCLR, BNOT, BTST, BAND, BIAND, BOR,
BIOR, BXOR, BIXOR, BLD, BILD, BST, BIST
14
Branch
Bcc*2, JMP, BSR, JSR, RTS
5
System control
RTE, SLEEP, LDC, STC, ANDC, ORC, XORC, NOP
8
Block data transfer
EEPMOV
1
Total 57
Notes: 1. PUSH Rn is equivalent to MOV.W Rn, @–SP.
POP Rn is equivalent to MOV.W @SP+, Rn.
2. Bcc is a conditional branch instruction in which cc represents a condition code.
3. Not supported by the H8/3297 Series.
The following sections give a concise summary of the instructions in each category, and indicate the
bit patterns of their object code. The notation used is defined next.
Operation Notation
Rd
General register (destination)
#xx:3
3-Bit immediate data
Rs
General register (source)
#xx:8
8-Bit immediate data
Rn
General register
#xx:16
16-Bit immediate data
(EAd)
Destination operand
disp
Displacement
(EAs)
Source operand
+
Addition
SP
Stack pointer
–
Subtraction
PC
Program counter
×
Multiplication
CCR
Condition code register
÷
Division
N
N (negative) flag of CCR
∧
AND logical
Z
Z (zero) flag of CCR
∨
OR logical
V
V (overflow) flag of CCR
⊕
Exclusive OR logical
C
C (carry) flag of CCR
→
Move
#imm
Immediate data
¬
Not
30
2.5.1 Data Transfer Instructions
Table 2-4 describes the data transfer instructions. Figure 2-5 shows their object code formats.
Table 2-4 Data Transfer Instructions
Instruction
Size*
Function
MOV
B/W
(EAs) → Rd, Rs → (EAd)
Moves data between two general registers or between a general
register and memory, or moves immediate data to a general register.
The Rn, @Rn, @(d:16, Rn), @aa:16, #xx:8 or #xx:16, @–Rn, and
@Rn+ addressing modes are available for byte or word data. The
@aa:8 addressing mode is available for byte data only.
The @–R7 and @R7+ modes require word operands. Do not specify
byte size for these two modes.
MOVTPE
B
Not supported by the H8/3437 Series.
MOVFPE
B
Not supported by the H8/3437 Series.
PUSH
W
Rn → @–SP
Pushes a 16-bit general register onto the stack. Equivalent to MOV.W
Rn, @–SP.
POP
W
@SP+ → Rn
Pops a 16-bit general register from the stack. Equivalent to MOV.W
@SP+, Rn.
Note: * Size: Operand size
B: Byte
W: Word
31
15
8
7
op
0
rm
15
8
rn
0
rm
15
8
Rm→Rn
7
op
rn
@Rm←→Rn
7
op
MOV
0
rm
rn
rm
rn
@(d:16, Rm)←→Rn
disp
15
8
7
op
15
8
op
0
7
0
rn
15
@Rm+→Rn, or
Rn→@–Rm
abs
8
@aa:8←→Rn
7
0
op
rn
@aa:16←→Rn
abs
15
8
op
7
0
rn
15
IMM
8
#xx:8→Rn
7
0
op
rn
#xx:16→Rn
IMM
15
8
7
0
op
rn
MOVFPE, MOVTPE
abs
15
8
7
0
op
rn
Legend
op:
Operation field
rm, rn: Register field
disp: Displacement
abs:
Absolute address
IMM: Immediate data
Figure 2-5 Data Transfer Instruction Codes
32
POP, PUSH
2.5.2 Arithmetic Operations
Table 2-5 describes the arithmetic instructions. See figure 2-6 in section 2.5.4, Shift Operations, for
their object codes.
Table 2-5 Arithmetic Instructions
Instruction
Size*
Function
ADD
SUB
B/W
Rd ± Rs → Rd, Rd + #imm → Rd
Performs addition or subtraction on data in two general registers, or
addition on immediate data and data in a general register. Immediate
data cannot be subtracted from data in a general register. Word data
can be added or subtracted only when both words are in general
registers.
ADDX
SUBX
B
Rd ± Rs ± C → Rd, Rd ± #imm ± C → Rd
Performs addition or subtraction with carry or borrow on byte data in
two general registers, or addition or subtraction on immediate data
and data in a general register.
INC
DEC
B
Rd ± #1 → Rd
Increments or decrements a general register.
ADDS
SUBS
W
Rd ± #imm → Rd
Adds or subtracts immediate data to or from data in a general
register. The immediate data must be 1 or 2.
DAA
DAS
B
Rd decimal adjust → Rd
Decimal-adjusts (adjusts to packed BCD) an addition or subtraction
result in a general register by referring to the CCR.
MULXU
B
Rd × Rs → Rd
Performs 8-bit ¥ 8-bit unsigned multiplication on data in two general
registers, providing a 16-bit result.
DIVXU
B
Rd ÷ Rs → Rd
Performs 16-bit ÷ 8-bit unsigned division on data in two general
registers, providing an 8-bit quotient and 8-bit remainder.
CMP
B/W
Rd – Rs, Rd – #imm
Compares data in a general register with data in another general
register or with immediate data. Word data can be compared only
between two general registers.
NEG
B
0 – Rd → Rd
Obtains the two’s complement (arithmetic complement) of data in a
general register.
Note: * Size: Operand size
B: Byte
W: Word
33
2.5.3 Logic Operations
Table 2-6 describes the four instructions that perform logic operations. See figure 2-6 in
section 2.5.4, Shift Operations, for their object codes.
Table 2-6 Logic Operation Instructions
Instruction
Size*
Function
AND
B
Rd ∧ Rs → Rd, Rd ∧ #imm → Rd
Performs a logical AND operation on a general register and another
general register or immediate data.
OR
B
Rd ∨ Rs → Rd, Rd ∨ #imm → Rd
Performs a logical OR operation on a general register and another
general register or immediate data.
XOR
B
Rd ⊕ Rs → Rd, Rd ⊕ #imm → Rd
Performs a logical exclusive OR operation on a general register and
another general register or immediate data.
NOT
B
¬ (Rd) → (Rd)
Obtains the one’s complement (logical complement) of general register
contents.
Note: * Size: Operand size
B: Byte
2.5.4 Shift Operations
Table 2-7 describes the eight shift instructions. Figure 2-6 shows the object code formats of the
arithmetic, logic, and shift instructions.
Table 2-7 Shift Instructions
Instruction
Size*
Function
SHAL
SHAR
B
Rd shift → Rd
Performs an arithmetic shift operation on general register contents.
SHLL
SHLR
B
Rd shift → Rd
Performs a logical shift operation on general register contents.
ROTL
ROTR
B
Rd rotate → Rd
Rotates general register contents.
ROTXL
ROTXR
B
Rd rotate through carry → Rd
Rotates general register contents through the C (carry) bit.
Note: * Size: Operand size
B: Byte
34
15
8
7
op
0
rm
15
8
7
0
op
15
7
op
0
rm
8
op
rn
7
MULXU, DIVXU
0
rn
ADD, ADDX, SUBX,
CMP (#xx:8)
IMM
15
8
7
op
0
rm
15
8
op
ADDS, SUBS, INC, DEC,
DAA, DAS, NEG, NOT
rn
8
15
ADD, SUB, CMP,
ADDX, SUBX (Rm)
rn
7
rn
15
rn
AND, OR, XOR (Rm)
0
IMM
8
AND, OR, XOR (#xx:8)
7
0
op
rn
SHAL, SHAR, SHLL, SHLR,
ROTL, ROTR, ROTXL, ROTXR
Legend
op:
Operation field
rm, rn: Register field
IMM: Immediate data
Figure 2-6 Arithmetic, Logic, and Shift Instruction Codes
35
2.5.5 Bit Manipulations
Table 2-8 describes the bit-manipulation instructions. Figure 2-7 shows their object code formats.
Table 2-8 Bit-Manipulation Instructions
Instruction
Size*
Function
BSET
B
1 → (<bit no.> of <EAd>)
Sets a specified bit in a general register or memory to 1. The bit is
specified by a bit number, given in 3-bit immediate data or the lower three
bits of a general register.
BCLR
B
0 → (<bit no.> of <EAd>)
Clears a specified bit in a general register or memory to 0. The bit is
specified by a bit number, given in 3-bit immediate data or the lower three
bits of a general register.
BNOT
B
¬ (<bit no.> of <EAd>) → (<bit no.> of <EAd>)
Inverts a specified bit in a general register or memory. The bit is specified
by a bit number, given in 3-bit immediate data or the lower three bits of a
general register
BTST
B
¬ (<bit no.> of <EAd>) → Z
Tests a specified bit in a general register or memory and sets or clears
the Z flag accordingly. The bit is specified by a bit number, given in
3-bit immediate data or the lower three bits of a general register.
BAND
B
C ∧ (<bit no.> of <EAd>) → C
ANDs the C flag with a specified bit in a general register or memory.
C ∧ [¬ (<bit no.> of <EAd>)] → C
ANDs the C flag with the inverse of a specified bit in a general register or
memory.
The bit number is specified by 3-bit immediate data.
BIAND
BOR
B
C ∨ [¬ (<bit no.> of <EAd>)] → C
ORs the C flag with the inverse of a specified bit in a general register or
memory.
The bit number is specified by 3-bit immediate data.
BIOR
BXOR
C ∨ (<bit no.> of <EAd>) → C
ORs the C flag with a specified bit in a general register or memory.
B
C ⊕ (<bit no.> of <EAd>) → C
XORs the C flag with a specified bit in a general register or memory.
Note: * Size: Operand size
B: Byte
36
Table 2-8 Bit-Manipulation Instructions (cont)
Instruction
Size*
Function
BIXOR
B
C ⊕ ¬ [(<bit no.> of <EAd>)] → C
XORs the C flag with the inverse of a specified bit in a general register or
memory.
The bit number is specified by 3-bit immediate data.
BLD
B
(<bit no.> of <EAd>) → C
Copies a specified bit in a general register or memory to the C flag.
¬ (<bit no.> of <EAd>) → C
Copies the inverse of a specified bit in a general register or memory to
the C flag.
The bit number is specified by 3-bit immediate data.
BILD
BST
B
C → (<bit no.> of <EAd>)
Copies the C flag to a specified bit in a general register or memory.
¬ C → (<bit no.> of <EAd>)
Copies the inverse of the C flag to a specified bit in a general register or
memory.
The bit number is specified by 3-bit immediate data.
BIST
Note: * Size: Operand size
B: Byte
Notes on Bit Manipulation Instructions: BSET, BCLR, BNOT, BST, and BIST are read-modifywrite instructions. They read a byte of data, modify one bit in the byte, then write the byte back.
Care is required when these instructions are applied to registers with write-only bits and to the I/O
port registers.
Step
Description
1
Read
Read one data byte at the specified address
2
Modify
Modify one bit in the data byte
3
Write
Write the modified data byte back to the specified address
Example 1: BCLR is executed to clear bit 0 in the port 1 data direction register (P1DDR) under the
following conditions.
P17:
Input pin, low
P16:
Input pin, high
P15 – P10: Output pins, low
The intended purpose of this BCLR instruction is to switch P10 from output to input.
37
Before Execution of BCLR Instruction
P17
P16
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
Input/output
Input
Input
Output
Output
Output
Output
Output
Output
Pin state
Low
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
DDR
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
DR
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Execution of BCLR Instruction
BCLR
;clear bit 0 in data direction register
#0, @P1DDR
After Execution of BCLR Instruction
P17
P16
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
Input/output
Output
Output
Output
Output
Output
Output
Output
Input
Pin state
Low
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
High
DDR
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
DR
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Explanation: To execute the BCLR instruction, the CPU begins by reading P1DDR. Since P1DDR
is a write-only register, it is read as H'FF, even though its true value is H'3F.
Next the CPU clears bit 0 of the read data, changing the value to H'FE.
Finally, the CPU writes this value (H'FE) back to P1DDR to complete the BCLR instruction.
As a result, P10DDR is cleared to 0, making P10 an input pin. In addition, P17DDR and P16DDR
are set to 1, making P17 and P16 output pins.
38
BSET, BCLR, BNOT, BTST
15
8
7
op
0
IMM
15
8
7
op
0
rm
15
8
op
8
Operand: register direct (Rn)
Bit no.: register direct (Rm)
rn
7
op
15
Operand: register direct (Rn)
Bit no.: immediate (#xx:3)
rn
0
rn
0
0
0
0 Operand: register indirect (@Rn)
IMM
0
0
0
0 Bit no.:
7
immediate (#xx:3)
0
op
rn
0
0
0
0 Operand: register indirect (@Rn)
op
rm
0
0
0
0 Bit no.:
15
8
7
0
op
abs
op
IMM
15
8
0
Operand: absolute (@aa:8)
0
0
7
0 Bit no.:
immediate (#xx:3)
0
op
abs
op
register direct (Rm)
rm
0
Operand: absolute (@aa:8)
0
0
0 Bit no.:
register direct (Rm)
BAND, BOR, BXOR, BLD, BST
15
8
7
op
0
IMM
15
8
7
op
op
15
8
Operand: register direct (Rn)
Bit no.: immediate (#xx:3)
rn
0
rn
0
0
0
0 Operand: register indirect (@Rn)
IMM
0
0
0
0 Bit no.:
7
0
op
abs
op
immediate (#xx:3)
IMM
0
Operand: absolute (@aa:8)
0
0
0 Bit no.:
Legend
op:
Operation field
rm, rn: Register field
abs:
Absolute address
IMM: Immediate data
Figure 2-7 Bit Manipulation Instruction Codes
39
immediate (#xx:3)
2.5.6 Branching Instructions
Table 2-9 describes the branching instructions. Figure 2-8 shows their object code formats.
Table 2-9 Branching Instructions
Instruction
Size
Function
Bcc
—
Branches if condition cc is true.
Mnemonic
cc field
Description
Condition
BRA (BT)
BRN (BF)
BHI
BLS
BCC (BHS)
0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
Always
Never
C∨Z=0
C∨Z=1
C=0
BCS (BLO)
BNE
BEQ
BVC
BVS
BPL
BMI
BGE
BLT
BGT
BLE
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111
Always (true)
Never (false)
High
Low or same
Carry clear
(High or same)
Carry set (low)
Not equal
Equal
Overflow clear
Overflow set
Plus
Minus
Greater or equal
Less than
Greater than
Less or equal
C=1
Z=0
Z=1
V=0
V=1
N=0
N=1
N⊕V=0
N⊕V=1
Z ∨ (N ⊕ V) = 0
Z ∨ (N ⊕ V) = 1
JMP
—
Branches unconditionally to a specified address.
JSR
—
Branches to a subroutine at a specified address.
BSR
—
Branches to a subroutine at a specified displacement from the current
address.
RTS
—
Returns from a subroutine.
40
15
8
op
7
0
cc
15
disp
8
7
op
0
rm
15
Bcc
8
0
0
0
7
0
JMP (@Rm)
0
op
JMP (@aa:16)
abs
15
8
7
0
op
abs
15
8
JMP (@@aa:8)
7
0
op
disp
15
8
7
op
0
rm
15
BSR
8
0
0
0
7
0
JSR (@Rm)
0
op
JSR (@aa:16)
abs
15
8
7
0
op
abs
15
8
7
JSR (@@aa:8)
0
op
RTS
Legend
op: Operation field
cc: Condition field
rm: Register field
disp: Displacement
abs: Absolute address
Figure 2-8 Branching Instruction Codes
41
2.5.7 System Control Instructions
Table 2-10 describes the system control instructions. Figure 2-9 shows their object code formats.
Table 2-10 System Control Instructions
Inst5ruction
Size
Function
RTE
—
Returns from an exception-handling routine.
SLEEP
—
Causes a transition to the power-down state.
LDC
B
Rs → CCR, #imm → CCR
Moves immediate data or general register contents to the condition code
register.
STC
B
CCR → Rd
Copies the condition code register to a specified general register.
ANDC
B
CCR ∧ #imm → CCR
Logically ANDs the condition code register with immediate data.
ORC
B
CCR ∨ #imm → CCR
Logically ORs the condition code register with immediate data.
XORC
B
CCR ⊕ #imm → CCR
Logically exclusive-ORs the condition code register with immediate data.
NOP
—
PC + 2 → PC
Only increments the program counter.
Note: * Size: Operand size
B: Byte
15
8
7
0
op
15
8
RTE, SLEEP, NOP
7
0
op
15
rn
8
7
LDC, STC (Rn)
0
op
IMM
ANDC, ORC,
XORC, LDC (#xx:8)
Legend
op: Operation field
rn: Register field
IMM: Immediate data
Figure 2-9 System Control Instruction Codes
42
2.5.8 Block Data Transfer Instruction
Table 2-11 describes the EEPMOV instruction. Figure 2-10 shows its object code format.
Table 2-11 Block Data Transfer Instruction/EEPROM Write Operation
Instruction
Size
Function
EEPMOV
—
if R4L ≠ 0 then
repeat
@R5+ → @R6+
R4L – 1 → R4L
until
R4L = 0
else next;
Moves a data block according to parameters set in general registers R4L,
R5, and R6.
R4L: size of block (bytes)
R5: starting source address
R6: starting destination address
Execution of the next instruction starts as soon as the block transfer is
completed.
15
8
7
0
op
op
Legend
op: Operation field
Figure 2-10 Block Data Transfer Instruction/EEPROM Write Operation Code
43
Notes on EEPMOV Instruction
1.
The EEPMOV instruction is a block data transfer instruction. It moves the number of bytes
specified by R4L from the address specified by R5 to the address specified by R6.
R5 →
← R6
R5 + R4L →
2.
← R6 + R4L
When setting R4L and R6, make sure that the final destination address (R6 + R4L) does not
exceed H'FFFF. The value in R6 must not change from H'FFFF to H'0000 during execution of
the instruction.
R5 →
R5 + R4L →
← R6
H'FFFF
Not allowed
44
← R6 + R4L
2.6 CPU States
2.6.1 Overview
The CPU has three states: the program execution state, exception-handling state, and power-down
state. The power-down state is further divided into three modes: sleep mode, software standby
mode, and hardware standby mode. Figure 2-11 summarizes these states, and figure 2-12 shows a
map of the state transitions.
State
Program execution state
The CPU executes successive program instructions.
Exception-handling state
A transient state triggered by a reset or interrupt. The CPU executes
a hardware sequence that includes loading the program counter from
the vector table.
Sleep mode
Power-down state
A state in which some or
all of the chip functions are
stopped to conserve power.
Software standby mode
Hardware standby mode
Figure 2-11 Operating States
45
Exception
handling
request
Exceptionhandling state
RES = 1
Reset state
Program
execution state
Exception
handing
Interrupt request
NMI or IRQ0
to IRQ2
SLEEP instruction
with SSBY bit set
SLEEP
instruction
Sleep mode
Software
standby mode
STBY = 1, RES = 0
Hardware
standby mode
Power-down state
Notes: 1. A transition to the reset state occurs when RES goes low, except when the chip
is in the hardware standby mode.
2. A transition from any state to the hardware standby mode occurs when STBY
goes low.
Figure 2-12 State Transitions
2.6.2 Program Execution State
In this state the CPU executes program instructions.
2.6.3 Exception-Handling State
The exception-handling state is a transient state that occurs when the CPU is reset or interrupted and
changes its normal processing flow. In interrupt exception handling, the CPU references the stack
pointer (R7) and saves the program counter and condition code register on the stack. For further
details see section 4, Exception Handling.
2.6.4 Power-Down State
The power-down state includes three modes: sleep mode, software standby mode, and hardware
standby mode.
(1) Sleep Mode: Is entered when a SLEEP instruction is executed. The CPU halts, but CPU
register contents remain unchanged and the on-chip supporting modules continue to function.
46
(2) Software Standby Mode: Is entered if the SLEEP instruction is executed while the SSBY
(Software Standby) bit in the system control register (SYSCR) is set. The CPU and all on-chip
supporting modules halt. The on-chip supporting modules are initialized, but the contents of the onchip RAM and CPU registers remain unchanged as long as a specified voltage is supplied. I/O port
outputs also remain unchanged.
(3) Hardware Standby Mode: Is entered when the input at the STBY pin goes low. All chip
functions halt, including I/O port output. The on-chip supporting modules are initialized, but onchip RAM contents are held.
See section 15, Power-Down State, for further information.
2.7 Access Timing and Bus Cycle
The CPU is driven by the system clock (ø). The period from one rising edge of the system clock to
the next is referred to as a “state.” Memory access is performed in a two- or three-state bus cycle.
On-chip memory, on-chip supporting modules, and external devices are accessed in different bus
cycles as described below.
2.7.1 Access to On-Chip Memory (RAM and ROM)
On-chip ROM and RAM are accessed in a cycle of two states designated T1 and T2. Either byte or
word data can be accessed, via a 16-bit data bus. Figure 2-13 shows the on-chip memory access
cycle. Figure 2-14 shows the associated pin states.
47
Bus cycle
T2 state
T1 state
ø
Address
Internal address bus
Internal read signal
Read data
Internal data bus (read)
Internal write signal
Internal data bus (write)
Write data
Figure 2-13 On-Chip Memory Access Cycle
Bus cycle
T2 state
T1 state
ø
Address
Address bus
AS: High
RD: High
WR: High
Data bus:
high impedance state
Figure 2-14 Pin States during On-Chip Memory Access Cycle
48
2.7.2 Access to On-Chip Register Field and External Devices
The on-chip supporting module registers and external devices are accessed in a cycle consisting of
three states: T1, T2, and T3. Only one byte of data can be accessed per cycle, via an 8-bit data bus.
Access to word data or instruction codes requires two consecutive cycles (six states).
Figure 2-15 shows the access cycle for the on-chip register field. Figure 2-16 shows the associated
pin states. Figures 2-17 (a) and (b) show the read and write access timing for external devices.
Bus cycle
T2 state
T1 state
T3 state
ø
Internal address
bus
Address
Internal read
signal
Internal data bus
(read)
Read data
Internal write
signal
Internal data bus
(write)
Write data
Figure 2-15 On-Chip Register Field Access Cycle
49
Bus cycle
T2 state
T1 state
T3 state
ø
Address
Address bus
AS: High
RD: High
WR: High
Data bus:
high impedance state
Figure 2-16 Pin States during On-Chip Register Field Access Cycle
Read cycle
T2 state
T1 state
T3 state
ø
Address
Address bus
AS
RD
WR: High
Data bus
Read data
Figure 2-17 (a) External Device Access Timing (Read)
50
Write cycle
T2 state
T1 state
T3 state
ø
Address bus
Address
AS
RD: High
WR
Data bus
Write data
Figure 2-17 (b) External Device Access Timing (Write)
51
Section 3 MCU Operating Modes and Address Space
3.1 Overview
3.1.1 Mode Selection
The H8/3297 Series operates in three modes numbered 1, 2, and 3. The mode is selected by the
inputs at the mode pins (MD1 and MD0). See table 3-1.
Table 3-1 Operating Modes
Mode
MD1
MD0
Address space
On-chip ROM
On-chip RAM
Mode 0
Low
Low
—
—
—
Mode 1
Low
High
Expanded
Disabled
Enabled*
Mode 2
High
Low
Expanded
Enabled
Enabled*
Mode 3
High
High
Single-chip
Enabled
Enabled
Note: * If the RAME bit in the system control register (SYSCR) is cleared to 0, off-chip memory
can be accessed instead.
Modes 1 and 2 are expanded modes that permit access to off-chip memory and peripheral devices.
The maximum address space supported by these externally expanded modes is 64 kbytes.
In mode 3 (single-chip mode), only on-chip ROM and RAM and the on-chip register field are used.
All ports are available for general-purpose input and output.
Mode 0 is inoperative in the H8/3297 Series. Avoid setting the mode pins to mode 0.
53
3.1.2 Mode and System Control Registers
Table 3-2 lists the registers related to the chip’s operating mode: the system control register
(SYSCR) and mode control register (MDCR). The mode control register indicates the inputs to the
mode pins MD1 and MD0.
Table 3-2 Mode and System Control Registers
Name
Abbreviation
Read/Write
Address
System control register
SYSCR
R/W
H'FFC4
Mode control register
MDCR
R
H'FFC5
3.2 System Control Register (SYSCR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SSBY
STS2
STS1
STS0
XRST
NMIEG
—
RAME
Initial value
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R
R/W
—
R/W
The system control register (SYSCR) is an 8-bit register that controls the operation of the chip.
Bit 7—Software Standby (SSBY): Enables transition to the software standby mode. For details,
see section 15, Power-Down State.
On recovery from software standby mode by an external interrupt, the SSBY bit remains set to 1. It
can be cleared by writing 0.
Bit 7
SSBY
Description
0
The SLEEP instruction causes a transition to sleep mode.
1
The SLEEP instruction causes a transition to software standby mode.
54
(Initial value)
Bits 6 to 4—Standby Timer Select 2 to 0 (STS2 to STS0): These bits select the clock settling time
when the chip recovers from the software standby mode by an external interrupt. During the
selected time the CPU and on-chip supporting modules continue to stand by. These bits should be
set according to the clock frequency so that the settling time is at least 8 ms. For specific settings,
see section 15.3.3, Clock Settling Time for Exit from Software Standby Mode.
Bit 6
STS2
Bit 5
STS1
Bit 4
STS0
Description
0
0
0
Settling time = 8,192 states
0
0
1
Settling time = 16,384 states
0
1
0
Settling time = 32,768 states
0
1
1
Settling time = 65,536 states
1
0
—
Settling time = 131,072 states
1
1
—
Disabled
(Initial value)
Bit 3—External Reset (XRST): Indicates the source of a reset. A reset can be generated by input
of an external reset signal, or by a watchdog timer overflow when the watchdog timer is used.
XRST is a read-only bit. It is set to 1 by an external reset, and cleared to 0 by watchdog timer
overflow.
Bit 3
XRST
Description
0
Reset was caused by watchdog timer overflow.
1
Reset was caused by external input.
(Initial value)
Bit 2—NMI Edge (NMIEG): Selects the valid edge of the NMI input.
Bit 2
NMIEG
Description
0
An interrupt is requested on the falling edge of the NMI input.
1
An interrupt is requested on the rising edge of the NMI input.
55
(Initial value)
Bit 1—Reserved: This bit cannot be modified and is always read as 1.
Bit 0—RAM Enable (RAME): Enables or disables the on-chip RAM. The RAME bit is initialized
by a reset, but is not initialized in the software standby mode.
Bit 0
RAME
Description
0
The on-chip RAM is disabled.
1
The on-chip RAM is enabled.
(Initial value)
3.3 Mode Control Register (MDCR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
—
—
MDS1
MDS0
Initial value
1
1
1
0
0
1
*
*
Read/Write
—
—
—
—
—
—
R
R
Note: * Initialized according to MD1 and MD0 inputs.
The mode control register (MDCR) is an 8-bit register that indicates the operating mode of the chip.
Bits 7 to 5—Reserved: These bits cannot be modified and are always read as 1.
Bits 4 and 3—Reserved: These bits cannot be modified and are always read as 0.
Bit 2—Reserved: This bit cannot be modified and is always read as 1.
Bits 1 and 0—Mode Select 1 and 0 (MDS1 and MDS0): These bits indicate the values of the
mode pins (MD1 and MD0), thereby indicating the current operating mode of the chip. MDS1
corresponds to MD1 and MDS0 to MD0. These bits can be read but not written. When the mode
control register is read, the levels at the mode pins (MD1 and MD0) are latched in these bits.
56
3.4 Address Space Map in Each Operating Mode
Figures 3-1 to 3-4 show memory maps of the H8/3297, H8/3296, H8/3294, and H8/3292 in modes
1, 2, and 3.
Mode 1
Expanded Mode without
On-Chip ROM
H'0000
Mode 2
Expanded Mode with
On-Chip ROM
H'0000
Vector table
Mode 3
Single-Chip Mode
H'0000
Vector table
H'0049
H'004A
H'0049
H'004A
Vector table
H'0049
H'004A
On-chip ROM, PROM
61,312 bytes
On-chip ROM, PROM
63,360 bytes
External address space
H'EF7F
H'EF80
External address apace
H'F77F
H'F780
H'FF7F
H'F780
H'F77F
H'F780
On-chip RAM*,
2,048 bytes
H'FF7F
H'FF80 External address space
H'FF87
H'FF88
On-chip register field
H'FFFF
On-chip RAM*,
2,048 bytes
H'FF7F
H'FF80 External address space
H'FF87
H'FF88
On-chip register field
H'FFFF
On-chip RAM,
2,048 bytes
H'FF7F
H'FF88
On-chip register field
H'FFFF
Note: * External memory can be accessed at these addresses when the RAME bit in
the system control register (SYSCR) is cleared to 0.
Figure 3-1 H8/3297 Address Space Map
57
Mode 1
Expanded Mode without
On-Chip ROM
H'0000
Mode 2
Expanded Mode with
On-Chip ROM
H'0000
Mode 3
Single-Chip Mode
H'0000
Vector table
Vector table
H'0049
H'004A
H'0049
H'004A
Vector table
H'0049
H'004A
On-chip ROM
49,152 bytes
On-chip ROM
49,152 bytes
External address space
H'BFFF
H'BFFF
H'C000
Reserved*1
Reserved*1
H'EF7F
H'EF80
External address space
H'F77F
H'F780
H'F77F
H'F780
H'F77F
H'F780
On-chip RAM *2 ,
2,048 bytes
H'FF7F
H'FF80 External address space
H'FF87
H'FF88
On-chip register field
H'FFFF
On-chip RAM *2 ,
2,048 bytes
H'FF7F
H'FF80 External address space
H'FF87
H'FF88
On-chip register field
H'FFFF
On-chip RAM
2,048 bytes
H'FF7F
H'FF88
On-chip register field
H'FFFF
Notes: *1 Do not access reserved areas.
*2 External memory can be accessed at these addresses when the RAME bit in
the system control register (SYSCR) is cleared to 0.
Figure 3-2 H8/3296 Address Space Map
58
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60
Section 4 Exception Handling
4.1 Overview
The H8/3297 Series recognizes two kinds of exceptions: interrupts and the reset. Table 4-1 indicates
their priority and the timing of their hardware exception-handling sequence.
Table 4-1 Hardware Exception-Handling Sequences and Priority
Priority
Type of
Exception
Detection
Timing
Timing of Exception-Handling Sequence
High
Reset
Synchronized
with clock
The hardware exception-handling sequence begins as
soon as RES changes from low to high.
Interrupt
End of instruction
execution*
When an interrupt is requested, the hardware
exception-handling sequence begins at the end of
the current instruction, or at the end of the current
hardware exception-handling sequence.
Low
Note: * Not detected after ANDC, ORC, XORC, and LDC instructions.
4.2 Reset
4.2.1 Overview
A reset has the highest exception-handling priority. When the RES pin goes low, or when there is a
watchdog timer reset (when the reset option is selected for watchdog timer overflow), all current
processing stops and the chip enters the reset state. The internal state of the CPU and the registers of
the on-chip supporting modules are initialized. The reset exception-handling sequence starts when
RES returns from low to high, or at the end of a watchdog reset pulse.
4.2.2 Reset Sequence
The reset state begins when RES goes low or a watchdog reset is generated. To ensure correct
resetting, at power-on the RES pin should be held low for at least 20 ms. In a reset during operation,
the RES pin should be held low for at least 10 system clock cycles. The watchdog reset pulse width
is always 518 system clocks. For the pin states during a reset, see appendix D, Pin States.
The following sequence is carried out when reset exception handling begins.
(1) The internal state of the CPU and the registers of the on-chip supporting modules are
initialized, and the I bit in the condition code register (CCR) is set to 1.
(2) The CPU loads the program counter with the first word in the vector table (stored at addresses
H'0000 and H'0001) and starts program execution.
The RES pin should be held low when power is switched off, as well as when power is switched on.
61
Figure 4-1 indicates the timing of the reset sequence in modes 2 and 3. Figure 4-2 indicates the
timing in mode 1.
Vector
fetch
Internal
Instruction
processing prefetch
RES/watchdog timer
reset (internal)
ø
Internal address
bus
(1)
(2)
Internal read
signal
Internal write
signal
Internal data bus
(16 bits)
(2)
(3)
(1) Reset vector address (H'0000)
(2) Starting address of program
(3) First instruction of program
Figure 4-1 Reset Sequence (Mode 2 or 3, Program Stored in On-Chip ROM)
62
63
D7 to D0
(8 bits)
WR
RD
A15 to A0
ø
(1), (3)
(2), (4)
(5), (7)
(6), (8)
RES/watchdog timer
reset (internal)
(4)
(3)
(6)
(5)
(8)
Figure 4-2 Reset Sequence (Mode 1)
(7)
Instruction prefetch
Reset vector address: (1) = H'0000, (3) = H'0001
Starting address of program (contents of reset vector): (2) = upper byte, (4) = lower byte
Starting address of program: (5) = (2) (4), (7) = (2) (4) + 1
First instruction of program: (6) = first byte, (8) = second byte
(2)
(1)
Vector fetch
Internal
processing
4.2.3 Disabling of Interrupts after Reset
After a reset, if an interrupt were to be accepted before initialization of the stack pointer (SP: R7),
the program counter and condition code register might not be saved correctly, leading to a program
crash. To prevent this, all interrupts, including NMI, are disabled immediately after a reset. The first
program instruction is therefore always executed. This instruction should initialize the stack pointer
(example: MOV.W #xx:16, SP).
After reset exception handling, in order to initialize the contents of CCR, a CCR manipulation
instruction can be executed before an instruction to initialize the stack pointer. Immediately after
execution of a CCR manipulation instruction, all interrupts including NMI are disabled. Use the
next instruction to initialize the stack pointer.
4.3 Interrupts
4.3.1 Overview
The interrupt sources include four external sources (NMI, and IRQ0 to IRQ2), and 19 internal
sources in the on-chip supporting modules. Table 4-2 lists the interrupt sources in priority order and
gives their vector addresses. When two or more interrupts are requested, the interrupt with highest
priority is served first.
The features of these interrupts are:
•
NMI has the highest priority and is always accepted. All internal and external interrupts except
NMI can be masked by the I bit in the CCR. When the I bit is set to 1, interrupts other than
NMI are not accepted.
•
IRQ0 to IRQ2 can be sensed on the falling edge of the input signal, or level-sensed. The type of
sensing can be selected for each interrupt individually. NMI is edge-sensed, and either the
rising or falling edge can be selected.
•
All interrupts are individually vectored. The software interrupt-handling routine does not have
to determine what type of interrupt has occurred.
•
The watchdog timer can generate either an NMI or overflow interrupt, depending on the needs
of the application. For details, see section 10, Watchdog Timer.
64
Table 4-2 Interrupts
Interrupt source
No.
Vector Table Address Priority
NMI
IRQ0
IRQ1
IRQ2
3
4
5
6
H'0006 to H'0007
H'0008 to H'0009
H'000A to H'000B
H'000C to H'000D
Reserved
7
8
9
10
11
H'000E to H'000F
H'0010 to H'0011
H'0012 to H'0013
H'0014 to H'0015
H'0016 to H'0017
16-bit freerunning timer
ICIA (Input capture A)
ICIB (Input capture B)
ICIC (Input capture C)
ICID (Input capture D)
OCIA (Output compare A)
OCIB (Output compare B)
FOVI (Overflow)
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
H'0018 to H'0019
H'001A to H'001B
H'001C to H'001D
H'001E to H'001F
H'0020 to H'0021
H'0022 to H'0023
H'0024 to H'0025
8-bit timer 0
CMI0A (Compare-match A)
CMI0B (Compare-match B)
OVI0 (Overflow)
19
20
21
H'0026 to H'0027
H'0028 to H'0029
H'002A to H'002B
8-bit timer 1
CMI1A (Compare-match A)
CMI1B (Compare-match B)
OVI1 (Overflow)
22
23
24
H'002C to H'002D
H'002E to H'002F
H'0030 to H'0031
25
26
H'0032 to H'0033
H'0034 to H'0035
27
28
29
30
H'0036 to H'0037
H'0038 to H'0039
H'003A to H'003B
H'003C to H'003D
31
32
33
34
H'003E to H'003F
H'0040 to H'0041
H'0042 to H'0043
H'0044 to H'0045
Reserved
Serial
communication
interface
ERI (Receive error)
RXI (Receive end)
TXI (TDR empty)
TEI (TSR empty)
Reserved
A/D converter
ADI (Conversion end)
35
H'0046 to H'0047
Watchdog timer
WOVF (WDT overflow)
36
H'0048 to H'0049
High
Low
Notes: 1. H'0000 and H'0001 contain the reset vector.
2. H'0002 to H'0005 are reserved in the H8/3297 Series and are not available to the user.
65
4.3.2 Interrupt-Related Registers
The interrupt-related registers are the system control register (SYSCR), IRQ sense control register
(ISCR), and IRQ enable register (IER).
Table 4-3 Registers Read by Interrupt Controller
Name
Abbreviation
Read/write
Address
System control register
SYSCR
R/W
H'FFC4
IRQ sense control register
ISCR
R/W
H'FFC6
IRQ enable register
IER
R/W
H'FFC7
System Control Register (SYSCR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SSBY
STS2
STS1
STS0
XRST
NMIEG
—
RAME
Initial value
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R
R/W
—
R/W
The valid edge on the NMI line is controlled by bit 2 (NMIEG) in the system control register.
Bit 2—NMI Edge (NMIEG): Determines whether a nonmaskable interrupt is generated on the
falling or rising edge of the NMI input signal.
Bit 2
NMIEG
Description
0
An interrupt is generated on the falling edge of NMI.
1
An interrupt is generated on the rising edge of NMI.
(Initial state)
See section 3.2, System Control Register, for information on the other SYSCR bits.
IRQ Sense Control Register (ISCR)—H'FFC6
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
—
—
—
—
—
Initial value
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
Read/Write
—
—
—
—
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
2
Bits 7 to 3—Reserved: These bits cannot be modified and are always read as 1
66
1
0
IRQ2SC IRQ1SC IRQ0SC
Bits 2 to 0—IRQ2 to IRQ0 Sense Control (IRQ2SC to IRQ0SC): These bits determine whether
IRQ2 to IRQ0 are level-sensed or sensed on the falling edge.
Bits 2 to 0
IRQ2SC to IRQ0SC
Description
0
An interrupt is generated when IRQ2 to IRQ0
inputs are low.
(Initial state)
1
An interrupt is generated by the falling edge of the IRQ2 to IRQ0 inputs.
IRQ Enable Register (IER)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
—
IRQ2E
IRQ1E
IRQ0E
Initial value
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
Read/Write
—
—
—
—
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
Bits 7 to 3—Reserved: These bits cannot be modified and are always read as 1
Bits 2 to 0—IRQ2 to IRQ0 Enable (IRQ2E to IRQ0E): These bits enable or disable the IRQ2 to
IRQ0 interrupts individually.
Bits 2 to 0
IRQ2E to IRQ0E
Description
0
IRQ2 to IRQ0 interrupt requests are disabled.
(Initial state)
1
IRQ2 to IRQ0 interrupt requests are enabled.
When edge sensing is selected (by setting bits IRQ2SC to IRQ0SC to 1), it is possible for an
interrupt-handling routine to be executed even though the corresponding enable bit (IRQ2E to
IRQ0E) is cleared to 0 and the interrupt is disabled. If an interrupt is requested while the enable bit
(IRQ2E to IRQ0E) is set to 1, the request will be held pending until served. If the enable bit is
cleared to 0 while the request is still pending, the request will remain pending, although new
requests will not be recognized. If the interrupt mask bit (I) in the CCR is cleared to 0, the interrupthandling routine can be executed even though the enable bit is now 0.
If execution of interrupt-handling routines under these conditions is not desired, it can be avoided
by using the following procedure to disable and clear interrupt requests.
1.
Set the I bit to 1 in the CCR, masking interrupts. Note that the I bit is set to 1 automatically
when execution jumps to an interrupt vector.
2.
Clear the desired bits from IRQ2E to IRQ0E to 0 to disable new interrupt requests.
3.
Clear the corresponding IRQ2SC to IRQ0SC bits to 0, then set them to 1 again. Pending IRQn
interrupt requests are cleared when I = 1 in the CCR, IRQnSC = 0, and IRQnE = 0.
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4.3.3 External Interrupts
The four external interrupts are NMI and IRQ2 to IRQ0. These four interrupts can be used to recover
from software standby mode.
(1) NMI: A nonmaskable interrupt is generated on the rising or falling edge of the NMI input signal
regardless of whether the I (interrupt mask) bit is set in the CCR. The valid edge is selected by the
NMIEG bit in the system control register. The NMI vector number is 3. In the NMI hardware
exception-handling sequence the I bit in the CCR is set to 1.
(2) IRQ2 to IRQ0: These interrupt signals are level-sensed or sensed on the falling edge of the
input, as selected by ISCR bits IRQ2SC to IRQ0SC. These interrupts can be masked collectively by
the I bit in the CCR, and can be enabled and disabled individually by setting and clearing bits
IRQ2E to IRQ0E in the IRQ enable register.
When one of these interrupts is accepted, the I bit is set to 1. IRQ2 to IRQ0 have interrupt vector
numbers 4 to 6. They are prioritized in order from IRQ2 (low) to IRQ0 (high). For details, see table
4-2.
Interrupts IRQ2 to IRQ0 do not depend on whether pins IRQ2 to IRQ0 are input or output pins.
When using external interrupts IRQ2 to IRQ0, clear the corresponding DDR bits to 0 to set these
pins to the input state, and do not use these pins as input or output pins for the timers, serial
communication interface, or A/D converter.
4.3.4 Internal Interrupts
Nineteen internal interrupts can be requested by the on-chip supporting modules. Each interrupt
source has its own vector number, so the interrupt-handling routine does not have to determine
which interrupt has occurred. All internal interrupts are masked when the I bit in the CCR is set to 1.
When one of these interrupts is accepted, the I bit is set to 1 to mask further interrupts (except
NMI). The vector numbers are 12 to 36. For the priority order, see table 4-2.
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4.3.5 Interrupt Handling
Interrupts are controlled by an interrupt controller that arbitrates between simultaneous interrupt
requests, commands the CPU to start the hardware interrupt exception-handling sequence, and
furnishes the necessary vector number. Figure 4-3 shows a block diagram of the interrupt controller.
Interrupt
controller
NMI interrupt
IRQ0 flag
IRQ0E
CPU
*
Interrupt request
IRQ0
interrupt
Priority
decision
Vector number
OVF
TME
WOVF
interrupt
I (CCR)
Note: * For edge-sensed interrupts, these AND gates change to the circuit shown below.
IRQ0 edge
IRQ0E
IRQ0 flag
S
Q
IRQ0 interrupt
Figure 4-3 Block Diagram of Interrupt Controller
The IRQ interrupts and interrupts from the on-chip supporting modules (except for reset selected for
a watchdog timer overflow) all have corresponding enable bits. When the enable bit is cleared to 0,
the interrupt signal is not sent to the interrupt controller, so the interrupt is ignored. These interrupts
can also all be masked by setting the CPU’s interrupt mask bit (I) to 1. Accordingly, these interrupts
are accepted only when their enable bit is set to 1 and the I bit is cleared to 0.
The nonmaskable interrupt (NMI) is always accepted, except in the reset state and hardware standby
mode.
69
When an NMI or another enabled interrupt is requested, the interrupt controller transfers the
interrupt request to the CPU and indicates the corresponding vector number. (When two or more
interrupts are requested, the interrupt controller selects the vector number of the interrupt with the
highest priority.) When notified of an interrupt request, at the end of the current instruction or
current hardware exception-handling sequence, the CPU starts the hardware exception-handling
sequence for the interrupt and latches the vector number.
Figure 4-4 is a flowchart of the interrupt (and reset) operations. Figure 4-6 shows the interrupt
timing sequence for the case in which the software interrupt-handling routine is in on-chip ROM
and the stack is in on-chip RAM.
(1) An interrupt request is sent to the interrupt controller when an NMI interrupt occurs, and when
an interrupt occurs on an IRQ input line or in an on-chip supporting module provided the
enable bit of that interrupt is set to 1.
(2) The interrupt controller checks the I bit in CCR and accepts the interrupt request if the I bit is
cleared to 0. If the I bit is set to 1 only NMI requests are accepted; other interrupt requests
remain pending.
(3) Among all accepted interrupt requests, the interrupt controller selects the request with the
highest priority and passes it to the CPU. Other interrupt requests remain pending.
(4) When it receives the interrupt request, the CPU waits until completion of the current instruction
or hardware exception-handling sequence, then starts the hardware exception-handling
sequence for the interrupt and latches the interrupt vector number.
(5) In the hardware exception-handling sequence, the CPU first pushes the PC and CCR onto the
stack. See figure 4-5. The stacked PC indicates the address of the first instruction that will be
executed on return from the software interrupt-handling routine.
(6) Next the I bit in CCR is set to 1, masking all further interrupts except NMI.
(7) The vector address corresponding to the vector number is generated, the vector table entry at
this vector address is loaded into the program counter, and execution branches to the software
interrupt-handling routine at the address indicated by that entry.
70
Program execution
Interrupt
requested?
No
Yes
Yes
NMI?
No
No
Pending
I = 0?
Yes
IRQ0?
No
Yes
IRQ1?
No
Yes
WOVF?
Yes
Latch vector no.
Save PC
Save CCR
Reset
I←1
Read vector address
Branch to software
interrupt-handling
routine
Figure 4-4 Hardware Interrupt-Handling Sequence
71
SP – 4
SP(R7)
CCR
SP – 3
SP + 1
CCR*
SP – 2
SP + 2
PC (upper byte)
SP – 1
SP + 3
PC (lower byte)
SP (R7)
SP + 4
Stack area
Before interrupt
is accepted
Pushed onto stack
Even address
After interrupt
is accepted
PC: Program counter
CCR: Condition code register
SP: Stack pointer
Notes: 1. The PC contains the address of the first instruction
executed after return.
2. Registers must be saved and restored by word
access at an even address.
* Ignored on return.
Figure 4-5 Usage of Stack in Interrupt Handling
The CCR is comprised of one byte, but when it is saved to the stack, it is treated as one word of
data. During interrupt processing, two identical bytes of CCR data are saved to the stack to create
one word of data. When the RTE instruction is executed to restore the value from the stack, the byte
located at the even address is loaded into CCR, and the byte located at the odd address is ignored.
72
Interrupt
accepted
Interrupt priority
decision. Wait for Instruction Internal
end of instruction. prefetch
processing
Vector
fetch
Stack
Instruction prefetch
(first instruction of
Internal interrupt-handling
process- routine)
ing
Interrupt request
signal
ø
Internal address
bus
(1)
(3)
(5)
(8)
(6)
(9)
Internal read
signal
Internal write
signal
Internal 16-bit
data bus
(2)
(4)
(1)
(7)
(9)
(1)
(10)
Instruction prefetch address (Pushed on stack. Instruction is executed on return from interrupt-handling
routine.)
(2) (4) Instruction code (Not executed)
(3)
Instruction prefetch address (Not executed)
(5)
SP–2
(6)
SP–4
(7)
CCR
(8)
Address of vector table entry
(9)
Vector table entry (address of first instruction of interrupt-handling routine)
(10)
First instruction of interrupt-handling routine
Figure 4-6 Timing of Interrupt Sequence
73
4.3.6 Interrupt Response Time
Table 4-4 indicates the number of states that elapse from an interrupt request signal until the first
instruction of the software interrupt-handling routine is executed. Since on-chip memory is accessed
16 bits at a time, very fast interrupt service can be obtained by placing interrupt-handling routines in
on-chip ROM and the stack in on-chip RAM.
Table 4-4 Number of States before Interrupt Service
Number of States
No.
Reason for Wait
On-Chip Memory
External Memory
1
Interrupt priority decision
2*3
2*3
2
Wait for completion of
current instruction*1
1 to 13
5 to 17*2
3
Save PC and CCR
4
12*2
4
Fetch vector
2
6*2
5
Fetch instruction
4
12*2
6
Internal processing
4
4
17 to 29
41 to 53 *2
Total
Notes: 1. These values do not apply if the current instruction is EEPMOV.
2. If wait states are inserted in external memory access, add the number of wait states.
3. 1 for internal interrupts.
74
4.3.7 Precaution
Note that the following type of contention can occur in interrupt handling.
When software clears the enable bit of an interrupt to 0 to disable the interrupt, the interrupt
becomes disabled after execution of the clearing instruction. If an enable bit is cleared by a BCLR
or MOV instruction, for example, and the interrupt is requested during execution of that instruction,
at the instant when the instruction ends the interrupt is still enabled, so after execution of the
instruction, the hardware exception-handling sequence is executed for the interrupt. If a higherpriority interrupt is requested at the same time, however, the hardware exception-handling sequence
is executed for the higher-priority interrupt and the interrupt that was disabled is ignored.
Similar considerations apply when an interrupt request flag is cleared to 0.
Figure 4-7 shows an example in which the OCIAE bit is cleared to 0.
CPU write
cycle to TIER
OCIA interrupt handling
ø
Internal address bus
TIER address
Internal write signal
OCIAE
OCFA
OCIA interrupt signal
Figure 4-7 Contention between Interrupt and Disabling Instruction
The above contention does not occur if the enable bit or flag is cleared to 0 while the interrupt mask
bit (I) is set to 1.
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4.4 Note on Stack Handling
In word access, the least significant bit of the address is always assumed to be 0. The stack is always
accessed by word access. Care should be taken to keep an even value in the stack pointer (general
register R7). Use the PUSH and POP (or MOV.W Rn, @–SP and MOV.W @SP+, Rn) instructions
to push and pop registers on the stack.
Setting the stack pointer to an odd value can cause programs to crash. Figure 4-8 shows an example
of damage caused when the stack pointer contains an odd address.
PCH
SP
PCL
SP
R1L
H'FECC
PCL
H'FECD
H'FECF
SP
BSR instruction
H'FECF set in SP
PCH:
PCL:
R1L:
SP:
MOV.B R1L, @–R7
PC is improperly stored
beyond top of stack
PCH is lost
Upper byte of program counter
Lower byte of program counter
General register
Stack pointer
Figure 4-8 Example of Damage Caused by Setting an Odd Address in R7
76
Section 5 Wait-State Controller
5.1 Overview
The H8/3297 Series has an on-chip wait-state controller that enables insertion of wait states into bus
cycles for interfacing to low-speed external devices.
5.1.1 Features
Features of the wait-state controller are listed below.
•
Three selectable wait modes: programmable wait mode, pin auto-wait mode, and pin wait mode
•
Automatic insertion of zero to three wait states
5.1.2 Block Diagram
WAIT
Wait-state controller
(WSC)
WSCR
Internal data bus
Figure 5-1 shows a block diagram of the wait-state controller.
Legend
WSCR: Wait-state control register
Figure 5-1 Block Diagram of Wait-State Controller
77
Wait request
signal
5.1.3 Input/Output Pins
Table 5-1 summarizes the wait-state controller’s input pin.
Table 5-1 Wait-State Controller Pins
Name
Abbreviation
I/O
Function
Wait
WAIT
Input
Wait request signal for access to external addresses
5.1.4 Register Configuration
Table 5-2 summarizes the wait-state controller’s register.
Table 5-2 Register Configuration
Address
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
H'FFC2
Wait-state control register
WSCR
R/W
H'08
5.2 Register Description
5.2.1 Wait-State Control Register (WSCR)
WSCR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that selects the wait mode for the wait-state controller
(WSC) and specifies the number of wait states. It also controls frequency division of the clock
signals supplied to the supporting modules.
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
CKDBL
—
WMS1
WMS0
WC1
WC0
Initial value
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
WSCR is initialized to H'08 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. It is not initialized in
software standby mode.
78
Bits 7 and 6—Reserved
Bit 5—Clock Double (CKDBL): Controls frequency division of clock signals supplied to
supporting modules. For details, see section 6, Clock Pulse Generator.
Bit 4—Reserved: This bit is reserved, but it can be written and read. Its initial value is 0.
Bits 3 and 2—Wait Mode Select 1 and 0 (WMS1/0): These bits select the wait mode.
Bit 3
WMS1
Bit 2
WMS0
Description
0
0
Programmable wait mode
1
No wait states inserted by wait-state controller
0
Pin wait mode
1
Pin auto-wait mode
1
(Initial value)
Bits 1 and 0—Wait Count 1 and 0 (WC1/0): These bits select the number of wait states inserted
in access to external address areas.
Bit 1
WC1
Bit 0
WC0
Description
0
0
No wait states inserted by wait-state controller
1
1 state inserted
0
2 states inserted
1
3 states inserted
1
79
(Initial value)
5.3 Wait Modes
Analog power supply: Analog power supply pin for the A/D converter. If the A/D converter is not
used, connect AVCC to the system power supply (VCC). Figure 5-2 shows the timing when the wait
count is 1 (WC = 0, WC0 = 1).
T1
T2
TW
T3
ø
External address
Address bus
AS
RD
Read
access
Read data
Data bus
WR
Write
access
Write data
Data bus
Figure 5-2 Programmable Wait Mode
80
Pin Wait Mode: In all accesses to external addresses, the number of wait states (TW) selected by
bits WC1 and WC0 are inserted. If the WAIT pin is low at the fall of the system clock (ø) in the last
of these wait states, an additional wait state is inserted. If the WAIT pin remains low, wait states
continue to be inserted until the WAIT signal goes high.
Pin wait mode is useful for inserting four or more wait states, or for inserting different numbers of
wait states for different external devices.
Figure 5-3 shows the timing when the wait count is 1 (WC1 = 0, WC0 = 1) and one additional wait
state is inserted by WAIT input.
T1
T2
ø
Inserted by
wait count
Inserted by
WAIT signal
TW
TW
*
*
T3
WAIT pin
Address bus
External address
AS
Read
access
RD
Read data
Data bus
WR
Write
access
Data bus
Write data
Note: * Arrows indicate time of sampling of the WAIT pin.
Figure 5-3 Pin Wait Mode
81
Pin Auto-Wait Mode: If the WAIT pin is low, the number of wait states (TW) selected by bits
WC1 and WC0 are inserted.
In pin auto-wait mode, if the WAIT pin is low at the fall of the system clock (ø) in the T2 state, the
number of wait states (TW) selected by bits WC1 and WC0 are inserted. No additional wait states
are inserted even if the WAIT pin remains low. Pin auto-wait mode can be used for an easy
interface to low-speed memory, simply by routing the chip select signal to the WAIT pin.
Figure 5-4 shows the timing when the wait count is 1.
T1
ø
T2
T3
T4
T2
*
TW
T3
*
WAIT
Address bus
External address
External address
AS
RD
Read
access
Read data
Read data
Data bus
WR
Write
access
Data bus
Write data
Write data
Note: * Arrows indicate time of sampling of the WAIT pin.
Figure 5-4 Pin Auto-Wait Mode
82
Section 6 Clock Pulse Generator
6.1 Overview
The H8/3297 Series has a built-in clock pulse generator (CPG) consisting of an oscillator circuit, a
duty adjustment circuit, and a divider and a prescaler that generates clock signals for the on-chip
supporting modules.
6.1.1 Block Diagram
Figure 6-1 shows a block diagram of the clock pulse generator.
XTAL
EXTAL
Oscillator
circuit
ø
(system
clock)
Duty
adjustment
circuit
øP
(for supporting
modules)
Prescaler
Frequency
divider (1/2)
CKDBL
øP/2 to øP/4096
Figure 6-1 Block Diagram of Clock Pulse Generator
Input an external clock signal to the EXTAL pin, or connect a crystal resonator to the XTAL and
EXTAL pins. The system clock frequency (ø) will be the same as the input frequency. This same
system clock frequency (øP) can be supplied to timers and other supporting modules, or it can be
divided by two. The selection is made by software, by controlling the CKDBL bit.
83
6.1.2 Wait-State Control Register (WSCR)
WSCR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that controls frequency division of the clock signals
supplied to the supporting modules. It also controls wait-state insertion.
WSCR is initialized to H'08 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. It is not initialized in
software standby mode.
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
CKDBL
—
WMS1
WMS0
WC1
WC0
Initial value
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Bits 7 and 6—Reserved
Bit 5—Clock Double (CKDBL): Controls the frequency division of clock signals supplied to
supporting modules.
Bit 5
CKDBL
Description
0
The undivided system clock (ø) is supplied as the clock (øP) for supporting modules.
(Initial value)
1
The system clock (ø) is divided by two and supplied as the clock (øP) for supporting
modules.
Bit 4—Reserved: This bit is reserved, but it can be written and read. Its initial value is 0.
Bits 3 and 2—Wait Mode Select 1 and 0 (WMS1/0)
Bits 1 and 0—Wait Count 1 and 0 (WC1/0)
These bits control wait-state insertion. For details, see section 5, Wait-State Controller.
84
6.2 Oscillator Circuit
If an external crystal is connected across the EXTAL and XTAL pins, the on-chip oscillator circuit
generates a system clock signal. Alternatively, an external clock signal can be applied to the
EXTAL pin.
(1) Connecting an External Crystal
➀ Circuit Configuration: An external crystal can be connected as in the example in figure 6-2.
Table 6-1 indicates the appropriate damping resistance Rd. An AT-cut parallel resonance crystal
should be used.
C L1
EXTAL
XTAL
Rd
C L1 = C L2 = 10 pF to 22 pF
C L2
Figure 6-2 Connection of Crystal Oscillator (Example)
Table 6-1 Damping Resistance
Frequency (MHz)
2
4
8
12
16
Rd max (Ω)
1k
500
200
0
0
85
➁ Crystal Oscillator: Figure 6-3 shows an equivalent circuit of the crystal resonator. The crystal
resonator should have the characteristics listed in table 6-2.
CL
L
Rs
XTAL
EXTAL
CO
AT-cut parallel resonating crystal
Figure 6-3 Equivalent Circuit of External Crystal
Table 6-2 External Crystal Parameters
Frequency (MHz)
2
4
8
12
16
Rs max (Ω)
500
120
80
60
50
C0 (pF)
7 pF max
Use a crystal with the same frequency as the desired system clock frequency (ø).
86
➂ Note on Board Design: When an external crystal is connected, other signal lines should be kept
away from the crystal circuit to prevent induction from interfering with correct oscillation. See
figure 6-4. The crystal and its load capacitors should be placed as close as possible to the XTAL and
EXTAL pins.
Not allowed
Signal A
Signal B
C L2
XTAL
EXTAL
C L1
Figure 6-4 Notes on Board Design around External Crystal
87
(2) Input of External Clock Signal
➀ Circuit Configuration: An external clock signal can be input as shown in the examples in figure
6-5. In example (b) in figure 6-5, the external clock signal should be kept high during standby.
If the XTAL pin is left open, make sure the stray capacitance does not exceed 10 pF.
EXTAL
XTAL
External clock input
Open
(a) Connections with XTAL pin left open
EXTAL
External clock input
74HC04
XTAL
(b) Connections with inverted clock input at XTAL pin
Figure 6-5 External Clock Input (Example)
88
➁ External Clock Input
The external clock signal should have the same frequency as the desired system clock (ø). Clock
timing parameters are given in table 6-3 and figure 6-6.
Table 6-3 Clock Timing
VCC = 2.7 to 5.5 V
VCC = 5.0 V ±10%
Min
Max
Min
Max
Unit Test Conditions
Low pulse
tEXL
width of external
clock input
40
—
20
—
ns
High pulse
tEXH
width of external
clock input
40
—
20
—
ns
External clock
rise time
tEXr
—
10
—
5
ns
External clock
fall time
tEXf
—
10
—
5
ns
Clock pulse
width low
tCL
0.3
0.7
0.3
0.7
tcyc
ø ≥ 5 MHz Figure 16-4
0.4
0.6
0.4
0.6
tcyc
ø < 5 MHz
Clock pulse
width high
tCH
0.3
0.7
0.3
0.7
tcyc
ø ≥ 5 MHz
0.4
0.6
0.4
0.6
tcyc
ø < 5 MHz
Item
Symbol
tEXH
Figure 6-6
tEXL
EXTAL
VCC × 0.5
tEXr
tEXt
Figure 6-6 External Clock Input Timing
89
Table 6.4 shows the external clock output settling delay time, and figure 6.7 shows the external
clock output settling delay timing. The oscillator and duty adjustment circuit have the function of
adjusting the waveform of the external clock input at the EXTAL pin. When the specified clock
signal is input at the EXTAL pin, internal clock signal output settles after the elapse of the external
clock output settling delay time (tDEXT). As the clock signal output remains unsettled during the
tDEXT period, the reset signal should be driven low to retain the reset state.
Table 6-4 External Clock Output Settling Delay Time
Conditions: VCC = 2.7 V to 5.5 V, AVCC 2.7 V to 5.5 V, VSS = AVSS = 0 V
Item
Symbol
Min
Max
Unit
Note
External clock output
settling delay time
tDEXT*
500
–
µs
Figure 6-7
Note: * tDEXT includes an RES pulse width (tRESW) of 10 tcyc.
2.7V
VCC
VIH
STBY
EXTAL
ø
(Internal or extenal)
RES
tDEXT*
Note: * tDEXT includes an RES pulse width (tRESW) of 10 tcyc.
Figure 6-7 External Clock Output Settling Delay Time
6.3 Duty Adjustment Circuit
When the clock frequency is 5 MHz or above, the duty adjustment circuit adjusts the duty cycle of
the signal from the oscillator circuit to generate the system clock (ø).
6.4 Prescaler
The clock for the on-chip supporting modules (øP) has either the same frequency as the system
clock (ø) or this frequency divided by two, depending on the CKDBL bit. The prescaler divides the
frequency of øP to generate internal clock signals with frequencies from øP/2 to øP/4096.
90
Section 7 I/O Ports
7.1 Overview
The H8/3297 Series has five 8-bit input/output ports, one 8-bit input port, and one 3-bit input/output
port.
Table 7-1 lists the functions of each port in each operating mode. As table 7-1 indicates, the port
pins are multiplexed, and the pin functions differ depending on the operating mode.
Each port has a data direction register (DDR) that selects input or output, and a data register (DR)
that stores output data. If bit manipulation instructions will be executed on the port data direction
registers, see “Notes on Bit Manipulation Instructions” in section 2.5.5, Bit Manipulation
Instructions.
Ports 1 to 4, and 6 can drive one TTL load and a 90-pF capacitive load. Port 5 can drive one TTL
load and a 30-pF capacitive load. Ports 1 and 2 can drive LEDs (with 10-mA current sink). Ports 1
to 6 can drive a darlington pair. Ports 1 to 3 have built-in MOS pull-up transistors.
For block diagrams of the ports, see appendix C, I/O Port Block Diagrams.
91
Table 7-1 Port Functions
Expanded
Modes
Single-Chip
Mode
Port
Description
Pins
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3
Port 1
• 8-bit I/O port
• Can drive LEDs
• Built-in input
pull-ups
P17 to P10/A7 to A0
Lower address
output (A7 to A0)
Lower address
output (A7 to A0)
or general input
General
input/output
Port 2
• 8-bit I/O port
• Can drive LEDs
• Built-in input
pull-ups
P27 to P20/A15 to A8
Upper address
output (A15 to A8)
Upper address
output (A15 to A8)
or general input
General
input/output
Port 3
• 8-bit I/O port
• Built-in input
pull-ups
P37 to P30/
D7 to D0/
Data bus (D7 to D0)
Port 4
• 8-bit I/O port
P47/WAIT
Expanded data bus control input (WAIT)/ General
General input/output
input/output
P46/ø
System clock (ø) output
ø output or
general input
P45/AS
P44/WR
P43/RD
Expanded data bus control output
(RD, WR, AS)
General
input/output
P42/IRQ0
P41/IRQ1
P40/IRQ2/ADTRG
Trigger input to A/D converter (ADTRG), external
interrupt input (IRQ2 to IRQ0), or general input/output
General
input/output
Port 5
• 3-bit I/O port
P52/SCK
P51/RxD
P50/TxD
Serial communication interface input/output (TxD,RxD,
SCK) or general input/output
Port 6
• 8-bit I/O port
P67/TMO1
P66/FTOB/TMRI1
P65/FTID/TMCI1
P64/FTIC/TMO0
P63/FTIB/TMRI0
P62/FTIA
P61/FTOA
P60/FTCI/TMCI0
16-bit free-running timer input/output (FTCI, FTOA, FTIA,
FTIB, FTIC, FTID, FTOB), 8-bit timer 0/1 input/output
(TMCI0, TMO0, TMRI0, TMCI1, TMO1, TMRI1) or general
input/output
Port 7
• 8-bit input port
P77 to P70
AN7 to AN0
Analog input to A/D converter (AN7 to AN0) or general
input
92
7.2 Port 1
7.2.1 Overview
Port 1 is an 8-bit input/output port with the pin configuration shown in figure 7-1. The pin functions
differ depending on the operating mode.
Port 1 has built-in, software-controllable MOS input pull-up transistors that can be used in modes 2
and 3.
Pins in port 1 can drive one TTL load and a 90-pF capacitive load. They can also drive LEDs and
darlington transistors.
Port 1
Port 1 pins
Pin configuration
in mode 1
(expanded mode
with on-chip ROM
disabled)
Pin configuration
in mode 2
(expanded mode
with on-chip ROM
enabled)
P17/A7
A7 (output)
A7 (output)/P17 (input)
P16/A6
A6 (output)
A6 (output)/P16 (input)
P15/A5
A5 (output)
A5 (output)/P15 (input)
P14/A4
A4 (output)
A4 (output)/P14 (input))
P13/A3
A3 (output)
A3 (output)/P13 (input)
P12/A2
A2 (output)
A2 (output)/P12 (input)
P11/A1
A1 (output)
A1 (output)/P11 (input)
P10/A0
A0 (output)
A0 (output)/P10 (input)
Pin configuration in mode 3
(single-chip mode)
P17 (input/output)
P16 (input/output)
P15 (input/output)
P14 (input/output)
P13 (input/output)
P12 (input/output)
P11 (input/output)
P10 (input/output)
Figure 7-1 Port 1 Pin Configuration
93
7.2.2 Register Configuration and Descriptions
Table 7-2 summarizes the port 1 registers.
Table 7-2 Port 1 Registers
Name
Abbreviation
Read/Write
Initial Value
Address
Port 1 data direction register
P1DDR
W
H'FF (mode 1)
H'00 (modes 2 and 3)
H'FFB0
Port 1 data register
P1DR
R/W
H'00
H'FFB2
Port 1 input pull-up control
register
P1PCR
R/W
H'00
H'FFAC
Port 1 Data Direction Register (P1DDR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P17DDR P16DDR P15DDR P14DDR P13DDR P12DDR P11DDR P10DDR
Mode 1
Initial value
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Read/Write
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
Modes 2 and 3
P1DDR controls the input/output direction of each pin in port 1.
Mode 1: The P1DDR values are fixed at 1. Port 1 consists of lower address output pins. P1DDR
values cannot be modified and are always read as 1.
In hardware standby mode, the address bus is in the high-impedance state.
Mode 2: A pin in port 1 is used for address output if the corresponding P1DDR bit is set to 1, and
for general input if this bit is cleared to 0.
Mode 3: A pin in port 1 is used for general output if the corresponding P1DDR bit is set to 1, and
for general input if this bit is cleared to 0.
In modes 2 and 3, P1DDR is a write-only register. Read data is invalid. If read, all bits always read
1. P1DDR is initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. In software standby mode
it retains its existing values, so if a transition to software standby mode occurs while a P1DDR bit is
set to 1, the corresponding pin remains in the output state.
94
Port 1 Data Register (P1DR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P17
P16
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
P1DR is an 8-bit register that stores data for pins P17 to P10. When a P1DDR bit is set to 1, if port 1
is read, the value in P1DR is obtained directly, regardless of the actual pin state. When a P1DDR bit
is cleared to 0, if port 1 is read the pin state is obtained.
P1DR is initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. In software standby mode it
retains its existing values.
Port 1 Input Pull-Up Control Register (P1PCR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P17PCR P16PCR P15PCR P14PCR P13PCR P12PCR P11PCR P10PCR
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
P1PCR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that controls the input pull-up transistors in port 1. If a
P1DDR bit is cleared to 0 (designating input) and the corresponding P1PCR bit is set to 1, the input
pull-up transistor is turned on.
P1PCR is initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. In software standby mode it
retains its existing values.
95
7.2.3 Pin Functions in Each Mode
Port 1 has different pin functions in different modes. A separate description for each mode is given
below.
Pin Functions in Mode 1: In mode 1 (expanded mode with on-chip ROM disabled), port 1 is
automatically used for lower address output (A7 to A0). Figure 7-2 shows the pin functions in
mode 1.
A7 (output)
A6 (output)
A5 (output)
A4 (output)
Port 1
A3 (output)
A2 (output)
A1 (output)
A0 (output)
Figure 7-2 Pin Functions in Mode 1 (Port 1)
96
Mode 2: In mode 2 (expanded mode with on-chip ROM enabled), port 1 can provide lower address
output pins and general input pins. Each pin becomes a lower address output pin if its P1DDR bit is
set to 1, and a general input pin if this bit is cleared to 0. Following a reset, all pins are input pins.
To be used for address output, their P1DDR bits must be set to 1. Figure 7-3 shows the pin functions
in mode 2.
Port 1
When P1DDR = 1
When P1DDR = 0
A7 (output)
P17 (input)
A6 (output)
P16 (input)
A5 (output)
P15 (input)
A4 (output)
P14 (input)
A3 (output)
P13 (input)
A2 (output)
P12 (input)
A1 (output)
P11 (input)
A0 (output)
P10 (input)
Figure 7-3 Pin Functions in Mode 2 (Port 1)
97
Mode 3: In mode 3 (single-chip mode), the input or output direction of each pin can be selected
individually. A pin becomes a general input pin when its P1DDR bit is cleared to 0 and a general
output pin when this bit is set to 1. Figure 7-4 shows the pin functions in mode 3.
P17 (input/output)
P16 (input/output)
P15 (input/output)
P14 (input/output)
Port 1
P13 (input/output)
P12 (input/output)
P11 (input/output)
P10 (input/output)
Figure 7-4 Pin Functions in Mode 3 (Port 1)
7.2.4 Input Pull-Up Transistors
Port 1 has built-in programmable input pull-up transistors that are available in modes 2 and 3. The
pull-up for each bit can be turned on and off individually. To turn on an input pull-up in mode 2 or
3, set the corresponding P1PCR bit to 1 and clear the corresponding P1DDR bit to 0. P1PCR is
cleared to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode, turning all input pull-ups off. In software
standby mode, the previous state is maintained.
Table 7-3 indicates the states of the input pull-up transistors in each operating mode.
Table 7-3 States of Input Pull-Up Transistors (Port 1)
Mode
Reset
Hardware Standby
Software Standby
Other Operating Modes
1
Off
Off
Off
Off
2
Off
Off
On/off
On/off
3
Off
Off
On/off
On/off
Notes: Off:
The input pull-up transistor is always off.
On/off: The input pull-up transistor is on if P1PCR = 1 and P1DDR = 0, but off otherwise.
98
7.3 Port 2
7.3.1 Overview
Port 2 is an 8-bit input/output port with the pin configuration shown in figure 7-5. The pin functions
differ depending on the operating mode.
Port 2 has built-in, software-controllable MOS input pull-up transistors that can be used in modes 2
and 3.
Pins in port 2 can drive one TTL load and a 90-pF capacitive load. They can also drive LEDs and
darlington transistors.
Port 2
Port 2 pins
Pin configuration
in mode 1
(expanded mode
with on-chip ROM
disabled)
Pin configuration
in mode 2
(expanded mode
with on-chip ROM
enabled)
P27/A15
A15 (output)
A15 (output)/P27 (input)
P26/A14
A14 (output)
A14 (output)/P26 (input)
P25/A13
A13 (output)
A13 (output)/P25 (input)
P24/A12
A12 (output)
A12 (output)/P24 (input)
P23/A11
A11 (output)
A11 (output)/P23 (input)
P22/A10
A10 (output)
A10 (output)/P22 (input)
P21/A9
A9 (output)
A9 (output)/P21 (input)
P20/A8
A8 (output)
A8 (output)/P20 (input)
Pin configuration in mode 3
(single-chip mode)
P27 (input/output)
P26 (input/output)
P25 (input/output)
P24 (input/output)
P23 (input/output)
P22 (input/output)
P21 (input/output)
P20 (input/output)
Figure 7-5 Port 2 Pin Configuration
99
7.3.2 Register Configuration and Descriptions
Table 7-4 summarizes the port 2 registers.
Table 7-4 Port 2 Registers
Name
Abbreviation
Read/Write
Initial Value
Address
Port 2 data direction register
P2DDR
W
H'FF (mode 1)
H'00 (modes 2 and 3)
H'FFB1
Port 2 data register
P2DR
R/W
H'00
H'FFB3
Port 2 input pull-up
control register
P2PCR
R/W
H'00
H'FFAD
Port 2 Data Direction Register (P2DDR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P27DDR P26DDR P25DDR P24DDR P23DDR P22DDR P21DDR P20DDR
Mode 1
Initial value
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Read/Write
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Modes 2 and 3
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
P2DDR controls the input/output direction of each pin in port 2.
Mode 1: The P2DDR values are fixed at 1. Port 2 consists of upper address output pins. P2DDR
values cannot be modified and are always read as 1.
In hardware standby mode, the address bus is in the high-impedance state.
Mode 2: A pin in port 2 is used for address output if the corresponding P2DDR bit is set to 1, and
for general input if this bit is cleared to 0.
Mode 3: A pin in port 2 is used for general output if the corresponding P2DDR bit is set to 1, and
for general input if this bit is cleared to 0.
In modes 2 and 3, P2DDR is a write-only register. Read data is invalid. If read, all bits always read
1. P2DDR is initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. In software standby mode
it retains its existing values, so if a transition to software standby mode occurs while a P2DDR bit is
set to 1, the corresponding pin remains in the output state.
100
Port 2 Data Register (P2DR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P27
P26
P25
P24
P23
P22
P21
P20
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
P2DR is an 8-bit register that stores data for pins P27 to P20. When a P2DDR bit is set to 1, if port 2
is read, the value in P2DR is obtained directly, regardless of the actual pin state. When a P2DDR bit
is cleared to 0, if port 2 is read the pin state is obtained.
P2DR is initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. In software standby mode it
retains its existing values.
Port 2 Input Pull-Up Control Register (P2PCR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P27PCR P26PCR P25PCR P24PCR P23PCR P22PCR P21PCR P20PCR
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
P2PCR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that controls the input pull-up transistors in port 2. If a
P2DDR bit is cleared to 0 (designating input) and the corresponding P2PCR bit is set to 1, the input
pull-up transistor is turned on.
P2PCR is initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. In software standby mode it
retains its existing values.
101
7.3.3 Pin Functions in Each Mode
Port 2 has different pin functions in different modes. A separate description for each mode is given
below.
Pin Functions in Mode 1: In mode 1 (expanded mode with on-chip ROM disabled), port 2 is
automatically used for upper address output (A15 to A8). Figure 7-6 shows the pin functions in
mode 1.
A15 (output)
A14 (output)
A13 (output)
A12 (output)
Port 2
A11 (output)
A10 (output)
A9 (output)
A8 (output)
Figure 7-6 Pin Functions in Mode 1 (Port 2)
102
Mode 2: In mode 2 (expanded mode with on-chip ROM enabled), port 2 can provide upper address
output pins and general input pins. Each pin becomes an upper address output pin if its P2DDR bit
is set to 1, and a general input pin if this bit is cleared to 0. Following a reset, all pins are input pins.
To be used for address output, their P2DDR bits must be set to 1. Figure 7-7 shows the pin functions
in mode 2.
Port 2
When P2DDR = 1
When P2DDR = 0
A15 (output)
P27 (input)
A14 (output)
P26 (input)
A13 (output)
P25 (input)
A12 (output)
P24 (input)
A11 (output)
P23 (input)
A10 (output)
P22 (input)
A9 (output)
P21 (input)
A8 (output)
P20 (input)
Figure 7-7 Pin Functions in Mode 2 (Port 2)
103
Mode 3: In mode 3 (single-chip mode), the input or output direction of each pin can be selected
individually. A pin becomes a general input pin when its P2DDR bit is cleared to 0, and a general
output pin when this bit is set to 1. Figure 7-8 shows the pin functions in mode 3.
P27 (input/output)
P26 (input/output)
P25 (input/output)
Port 2
P24 (input/output)
P23 (input/output)
P22 (input/output)
P21 (input/output)
P20 (input/output)
Figure 7-8 Pin Functions in Mode 3 (Port 2)
104
7.3.4 Input Pull-Up Transistors
Port 2 has built-in programmable input pull-up transistors that are available in modes 2 and 3. The
pull-up for each bit can be turned on and off individually. To turn on an input pull-up in mode 2 or
3, set the corresponding P2PCR bit to 1 and clear the corresponding P2DDR bit to 0. P2PCR is
cleared to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode, turning all input pull-ups off. In software
standby mode, the previous state is maintained.
Table 7-5 indicates the states of the input pull-up transistors in each operating mode.
Table 7-5 States of Input Pull-Up Transistors (Port 2)
Mode
Reset
Hardware Standby
Software Standby
Other Operating Modes
1
Off
Off
Off
Off
2
Off
Off
On/off
On/off
3
Off
Off
On/off
On/off
Notes: Off:
The input pull-up transistor is always off.
On/off: The input pull-up transistor is on if P2PCR = 1 and P2DDR = 0, but off otherwise.
105
7.4 Port 3
7.4.1 Overview
Port 3 is an 8-bit input/output port with the pin configuration shown in Figure 7-9. The pin functions
differ depending on the operating mode.
Port 3 has built-in, software-controllable MOS input pull-up transistors that can be used in mode 3.
Pins in port 3 can drive one TTL load and a 90-pF capacitive load. They can also drive a darlington
pair.
Port 3 pins
Port 3
Pin configuration in mode 1
(expanded mode with on-chip
ROM disabled) and mode 2
(expanded mode with on-chip
ROM enabled)
P37/D7
D7 (input/output)
P36/D6
D6 (input/output)
P35/D5
D5 (input/output)
P34/D4
D4 (input/output)
P33/D3
D3 (input/output)
P32/D2
D2 (input/output)
P31/D1
D1 (input/output)
P30/D0
D0 (input/output)
Pin configuration in mode 3 (single-chip mode)
P37 (input/output)
P36 (input/output)
P35 (input/output)
P34 (input/output)
P33 (input/output)
P32 (input/output)
P31 (input/output)
P30 (input/output)
Figure 7-9 Port 3 Pin Configuration
106
7.4.2 Register Configuration and Descriptions
Table 7-6 summarizes the port 3 registers.
Table 7-6 Port 3 Registers
Name
Abbreviation
Read/Write
Initial Value
Address
Port 3 data direction register
P3DDR
W
H'00
H'FFB4
Port 3 data register
P3DR
R/W
H'00
H'FFB6
Port 3 input pull-up control
register
P3PCR
R/W
H'00
H'FFAE
Port 3 Data Direction Register (P3DDR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P3 7 DDR P3 6 DDR P3 5 DDR P3 4 DDR P3 3 DDR P3 2 DDR P3 1 DDR P3 0 DDR
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
P3DDR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that controls the input/output direction of each pin in
port 3. P3DDR is a write-only register. Read data is invalid. If read, all bits always read 1.
Modes 1 and 2: In mode 1 (expanded mode with on-chip ROM disabled) and mode 2 (expanded
mode with on-chip ROM enabled), the input/output directions designated by P3DDR are ignored.
Port 3 automatically consists of the input/output pins of the 8-bit data bus (D7 to D0).
The data bus is in the high-impedance state during reset, and during hardware and software standby.
Mode 3: A pin in port 3 is used for general output if the corresponding P3DDR bit is set to 1, and
for general input if this bit is cleared to 0. P3DDR is initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware
standby mode. In software standby mode it retains its existing values, so if a transition to software
standby mode occurs while a P3DDR bit is set to 1, the corresponding pin remains in the output
state.
107
Port 3 Data Register (P3DR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P37
P36
P35
P34
P33
P32
P31
P30
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
P3DR is an 8-bit register that stores data for pins P37 to P30. When a P3DDR bit is set to 1, if port 3
is read, the value in P3DR is obtained directly, regardless of the actual pin state. When a P3DDR bit
is cleared to 0, if port 3 is read the pin state is obtained.
P3DR is initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. In software standby mode it
retains its existing values.
Port 3 Input Pull-Up Control Register (P3PCR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P37PCR P36PCR P35PCR P34PCR P33PCR P32PCR P31PCR P30PCR
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
P3PCR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that controls the input pull-up transistors in port 3. If a
P3DDR bit is cleared to 0 (designating input) and the corresponding P3PCR bit is set to 1, the input
pull-up transistor is turned on.
P3PCR is initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. In software standby mode it
retains its existing values.
The input pull-ups cannot be used in slave mode (when the host interface is enabled).
108
7.4.3 Pin Functions in Each Mode
Port 3 has different pin functions in different modes. A separate description for each mode is given
below.
Pin Functions in Modes 1 and 2: In mode 1 (expanded mode with on-chip ROM disabled) and
mode 2 (expanded mode with on-chip ROM enabled), port 3 is automatically used for the
input/output pins of the data bus (D7 to D0). Figure 7-10 shows the pin functions in modes 1 and 2.
Modes 1 and 2
D7 (input/output)
D6 (input/output)
D5 (input/output)
D4 (input/output)
Port 3
D3 (input/output)
D2 (input/output)
D1 (input/output)
D0 (input/output)
Figure 7-10 Pin Functions in Modes 1 and 2 (Port 3)
109
Mode 3: In mode 3 (single-chip mode), the input or output direction of each pin can be selected
individually. A pin becomes a general input pin when its P3DDR bit is cleared to 0, and a general
output pin when this bit is set to 1.
Figure 7-11 shows the pin functions in mode 3.
P37 (input/output)
P36 (input/output)
P35 (input/output)
Port 3
P34 (input/output)
P33 (input/output)
P32 (input/output)
P31 (input/output)
P30 (input/output)
Figure 7-11 Pin Functions in Mode 3 (Port 3)
7.4.4 Input Pull-Up Transistors
Port 3 has built-in programmable input pull-up transistors that are available in mode 3. The pull-up
for each bit can be turned on and off individually. To turn on an input pull-up in mode 3, set the
corresponding P3PCR bit to 1 and clear the corresponding P3DDR bit to 0. P3PCR is cleared to
H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode, turning all input pull-ups off. In software standby
mode, the previous state is maintained.
Table 7-7 indicates the states of the input pull-up transistors in each operating mode.
Table 7-7 States of Input Pull-Up Transistors (Port 3)
Mode
Reset
Hardware Standby
Software Standby
Other Operating Modes
1
Off
Off
Off
Off
2
Off
Off
Off
Off
3
Off
Off
On/off
On/off
Notes: Off:
The input pull-up transistor is always off.
On/off: The input pull-up transistor is on if P3PCR = 1 and P3DDR = 0, but off otherwise.
110
7.5 Port 4
7.5.1 Overview
Port 4 is an 8-bit input/output port that is multiplexed with interrupt input pins (IRQ0 to IRQ2),
input/output pins for bus control signals (RD, WR, AS, WAIT), an input pin (ADTRG) for the A/D
converter, and an output pin (ø) for the system clock. Figure 7-12 shows the pin configuration of
port 4.
Pins in port 4 can drive one TTL load and a 90-pF capacitive load.
Port 4
Port 4 pins
Pin configuration in mode 1 (expanded mode
with on-chip ROM disabled) and mode 2
(expanded mode with on-chip ROM enabled)
P47/WAIT
P47/WAIT (input)
P46/ø
ø (output)
P45/AS
AS (output)
P44/WR
WR (output)
P43/RD
RD (output)
P42/IRQ0
P42 (input/output)/IRQ0 (input)
P41/IRQ1
P41 (input/output)/IRQ1 (input)
P40/IRQ2/ADTRG (input) P40 (input/output)/IRQ2 (input)/ADTRG (input)
Pin configuration in mode 3 (single-chip mode)
P47 (input/output)
P46 (intput)/ø (output)
P45 (input/output)
P44 (input/output)
P43 (input/output)
P42 (input/output)/IRQ0 (input)
P41 (input/output)/IRQ1 (input)
P40 (input/output)/IRQ2 /ADTRG (input)
Figure 7-12 Port 4 Pin Configuration
111
7.5.2 Register Configuration and Descriptions
Table 7-8 summarizes the port 4 registers.
Table 7-8 Port 4 Registers
Name
Abbreviation
Read/Write
Initial Value
Address
Port 4 data direction register
P4DDR
W
H'40 (modes 1 and 2)
H'00 (mode 3)
H'FFB5
Port 4 data register
P4DR
R/W*1
Undetermined*2
H'FFB7
Notes: 1. Bit 6 is read-only.
2. Bit 6 is undetermined. Other bits are initially 0.
Port 4 Data Direction Register (P4DDR)
7
Bit
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P47DDR P46DDR P45DDR P44DDR P43DDR P42DDR P41DDR P40DDR
Modes 1, 2
Initial value
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
W
—
W
W
W
W
W
W
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
Mode 3
P4DDR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that controls the input/output direction of each pin in
port 4. A pin functions as an output pin if the corresponding P4DDR bit is set to 1, and as an input
pin if this bit is cleared to 0. In modes 1 and 2, P46DDR is fixed at 1 and cannot be modified.
P4DDR is a write-only register. Read data is invalid. If read, all bits always read 1.
P4DDR is initialized by a reset and in hardware standby mode. The initial value is H'40 in modes 1
and 2, and H'00 in mode 3. In software standby mode P4DDR retains its existing values, so if a
transition to software standby mode occurs while a P4DDR bit is set to 1, the corresponding pin
remains in the output state.
112
Port 4 Data Register (P4DR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P47
P46
P45
P44
P43
P42
P41
P40
Initial value
0
*
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Note: * Determined by the level at pin P46.
P4DR is an 8-bit register that stores data for pins P46 to P40. When a P4DDR bit is set to 1, if port 4
is read, the value in P4DR is obtained directly, regardless of the actual pin state, except for P46.
When a P4DDR bit is cleared to 0, if port 4 is read the pin state is obtained. This also applies to pins
used by on-chip supporting modules and for bus control signals. P46 always returns the pin state.
P4DR is initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. In software standby mode it
retains its existing values.
7.5.3 Pin Functions
Port 4 has one set of pin functions in modes 1 and 2, and a different set of pin functions in mode 3.
The pins are multiplexed with IRQ0 to IRQ2 input, bus control signal input/output, A/D converter
input, and system clock (ø) output. Table 7-9 indicates the pin functions of port 4.
Table 7-9 Port 4 Pin Functions
Pin
Pin Functions and Selection Method
P47/WAIT
Bit P47DDR, the operating mode, and the wait mode determined by WSCR select
the pin function as follws
Operating mode
P46/ø
Modes 1 and 2
Mode 3
Wait mode
WAIT used
WAIT not used
(WMS1=0, WMS0=1)
P47DDR
—
0
1
0
1
Pin function
WAIT input
P47 input
P47 output
P47 input
P47 output
—
Bit P46DDR and the operating mode select the pin function as follows
Operating mode
Modes 1 and 2
P46DDR
Always 1
0
1
Pin function
ø output
P46 input
ø output
113
Mode 3
Table 7-19 Port 4 Pin Functions (cont)
Pin
Pin Functions and Selection Method
P45/AS
Bit P45DDR and the operating mode select the pin function as follows
P44/WR
P43/RD
Operating mode
Modes 1 and 2
Mode 3
P45DDR
—
0
1
Pin function
AS output
P45 input
P45 output
Bit P44DDR and the operating mode select the pin function as follows
Operating mode
Modes 1 and 2
Mode 3
P44DDR
—
0
1
Pin function
WR output
P44 input
P44 output
Bit P43DDR and the operating mode select the pin function as follows
Operating mode
Modes 1 and 2
Mode 3
P43DDR
—
0
1
Pin function
RD output
P43 input
P43 output
P42/IRQ0
P42DDR
0
1
Pin function
P42 input
P42 output
IRQ0 input
IRQ0 input can be used when bit IRQ0E is set to 1 in IER
P41/IRQ1
P41DDR
0
1
Pin function
P41 input
P41 output
IRQ1 input
IRQ1 input can be used when bit IRQ1E is set to 1 in IER
P40/IRQ2/
ADTRG
P40DDR
0
1
Pin function
P40 input
P40 output
IRQ2 input and
ADTRG input
IRQ2 input can be used when bit IRQ2E is set to 1 in IER
ADTRG input can be used when bit TRGE is set to 1 in ADCR
114
7.6 Port 5
7.6.1 Overview
Port 5 is a 3-bit input/output port that is multiplexed with input/output pins (TxD, RxD, SCK) of
serial communication interface. The port 5 pin functions are the same in all operating modes. Figure
7-13 shows the pin configuration of port 5.
Pins in port 5 can drive one TTL load and a 30-pF capacitive load. They can also drive a darlington
pair.
Port 5 pins
P52 (input/output)/SCK (input/output)
Port 5
P51 (input/output)/RxD (input)
P50 (input/output)/TxD (output)
Figure 7-13 Port 5 Pin Configuration
7.6.2 Register Configuration and Descriptions
Table 7-10 summarizes the port 5 registers.
Table 7-10 Port 5 Registers
Name
Abbreviation
Read/Write
Initial Value
Address
Port 5 data direction register
P5DDR
W
H'F8
H'FFB8
Port 5 data register
P5DR
R/W
H'F8
H'FFBA
115
Port 5 Data Direction Register (P5DDR)
1
0
7
6
5
4
3
Bit
—
—
—
—
—
Initial value
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
Read/Write
—
—
—
—
—
W
W
W
2
P5 2 DDR P5 1 DDR P5 0 DDR
P5DDR is an 8-bit register that controls the input/output direction of each pin in port 5. A pin
functions as an output pin if the corresponding P5DDR bit is set to 1, and as an input pin if this bit is
cleared to 0.
P5DDR is a write-only register. Read data is invalid. If read, all bits always read 1.
P5DDR is initialized to H'F8 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. In software standby mode it
retains its existing values, so if a transition to software standby mode occurs while a P5DDR bit is
set to 1, the corresponding pin remains in the output state.
If a transition to software standby mode occurs while port 5 is being used by the SCI, the SCI will
be initialized, so the pin will revert to general-purpose input/output, controlled by P5DDR and
P5DR.
Port 5 Data Register (P5DR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
—
P52
P51
P50
Initial value
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
Read/Write
—
—
—
—
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
P5DR is an 8-bit register that stores data for pins P52 to P50. Bits 7 to 3 are reserved. They cannot
be modified, and are always read as 1.
When a P5DDR bit is set to 1, if port 5 is read, the value in P5DR is obtained directly, regardless of
the actual pin state. When a P5DDR bit is cleared to 0, if port 5 is read the pin state is obtained. This
also applies to pins used as SCI pins.
P5DR is initialized to H'F8 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. In software standby mode it
retains its existing values.
116
7.6.3 Pin Functions
Port 5 has the same pin functions in each operating mode. All pins can also be used as SCI
input/output pins. Table 7-11 indicates the pin functions of port 5.
Table 7-11 Port 5 Pin Functions
Pin
Pin Functions and Selection Method
P52/SCK
Bit C/A in SMR of SCI, bits CKE0 and CKE1 in SCR of SCI, and bit P52DDR select
the pin function as follows
CKE1
0
C/A
0
CKE0
P51/RxD
0
1
—
1
—
—
P52DDR
0
1
—
—
—
Pin function
P52
input
P52
output
SCK
output
SCK
output
SCK
input
Bit RE in SCR of SCI and bit P51DDR select the pin function as follows
RE
P50/TxD
1
0
1
P51DDR
0
1
—
Pin function
P51 input
P51 output
RxD input
Bit TE in SCR of SCI and bit P50DDR select the pin function as follows
TE
0
1
P50DDR
0
1
—
Pin function
P50 input
P50 output
TxD output
117
7.7 Port 6
7.7.1 Overview
Port 6 is an 8-bit input/output port that is multiplexed with input/output pins (FTOA, FTOB, FTIA
to FTID, FTCI) of the 16-bit free-running timer (FRT) and with input/output pins (TMRI0, TMRI1,
TMCI0, TMCI1, TMO0, TMO1) of 8-bit timers 0 and 1. The port 6 pin functions are the same in all
operating modes. Figure 7-14 shows the pin configuration of port 6.
Pins in port 6 can drive one TTL load and a 90-pF capacitive load. They can also drive a darlington
pair.
Port 6 pins
P67 (input/output)/TMO1 (output)
P66 (input/output)/FTOB (output)/TMRI1 (input)
P65 (input/output)/FTID (input)/TMCI1 (input)
Port 6
P64 (input/output)/FTIC (input)/TMO0 (output)
P63 (input/output)/FTIB (input)/TMRI0 (input)
P62 (input/output)/FTIA (input)
P61 (input/output)/FTOA (output)
P60 (input/output)/FTCI (input)/TMCI0 (input)
Figure 7-14 Port 6 Pin Configuration
118
7.7.2 Register Configuration and Descriptions
Table 7-12 summarizes the port 6 registers.
Table 7-12 Port 6 Registers
Name
Abbreviation
Read/Write
Initial Value
Address
Port 6 data direction register
P6DDR
W
H'00
H'FFB9
Port 6 data register
P6DR
R/W
H'00
H'FFBB
Port 6 Data Direction Register (P6DDR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P67DDR P66DDR P65DDR P64DDR P63DDR P62DDR P61DDR P60DDR
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
P6DDR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that controls the input/output direction of each pin in
port 6. A pin functions as an output pin if the corresponding P6DDR bit is set to 1, and as an input
pin if this bit is cleared to 0.
P6DDR is a write-only register. Read data is invalid. If read, all bits always read 1.
P6DDR is initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. In software standby mode it
retains its existing values, so if a transition to software standby mode occurs while a P6DDR bit is
set to 1, the corresponding pin remains in the output state.
If a transition to software standby mode occurs while port 6 is being used by an on-chip supporting
module (for example, for 8-bit timer output), the on-chip supporting module will be initialized, so
the pin will revert to general-purpose input/output, controlled by P6DDR and P6DR.
119
Port 6 Data Register (P6DR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P67
P66
P65
P64
P63
P62
P61
P60
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
P6DR is an 8-bit register that stores data for pins P67 to P60. When a P6DDR bit is set to 1, if port 6
is read, the value in P6DR is obtained directly, regardless of the actual pin state. When a P6DDR bit
is cleared to 0, if port 6 is read the pin state is obtained. This also applies to pins used by on-chip
supporting modules.
P6DR is initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. In software standby mode it
retains its existing values.
120
7.7.3 Pin Functions
Port 6 has the same pin functions all operating modes. The pins are multiplexed with FRT
input/output, and 8-bit timer input/output. Table 7-13 indicates the pin functions of port 6.
Table 7-13 Port 6 Pin Functions
Pin
Pin Functions and Selection Method
P67/TMO1
Bits OS3 to OS0 in TCSR of 8-bit timer 1, and bit P67DDR, select the pin function
as follows
OS3 to 0
P66/FTOB/
TMRI1
All 0
Not all 0
P67DDR
0
1
—
Pin function
P67 input
P67 output
TMO1 output
Bit OEB in TOCR of the FRT and bit P66DDR select the pin function as follows
OEB
0
1
P66DDR
0
1
0
Pin function
P66 input
P66 output
1
FTOB output
TMRI1 input
TMRI1 input is usable when bits CCLR1 and CCLR0 are both set to 1 in TCR of
8-bit timer 1
P65/FTID/
TMCI1
P65DDR
0
1
Pin function
P65 input
P65 output
FTID input or TMCI1 input
TMCI1 input is usable when bits CKS2 to CKS0 in TCR of 8-bit timer 1 select an
external clock source
P64/FTIC/
TMO0
Bits OS3 to OS0 in TCSR of 8-bit timer 0 and bit P64DDR select the pin function
as follows
OS3 to 0
All 0
Not all 0
P64DDR
0
1
0
Pin function
P64 input
P64 output
FTIC input
121
1
TMO0 output
Table 7-13 Port 6 Pin Functions (cont)
Pin
P63/FTIB/
TMRI0
Pin Functions and Selection Method
P63DDR
0
1
Pin function
P63 input
P63 output
FTIB input or TMRI0 input
TMRI0 input is usable when bits CCLR1 and CCLR0 are both set to 1 in TCR of 8bit timer 0
P62/FTIA
P62DDR
0
1
Pin function
P62 input
P62 output
FTIA input
P61/FTOA
Bit OEA in TOCR of the FRT and bit P61DDR select the pin function as follows
OEA
P60/FTCI/
TMCI0
0
1
P61DDR
0
1
Pin function
P61 input
P61 output
0
1
FTOA output
P60DDR
0
1
Pin function
P60 input
P60 output
FTCI input or TMCI0 input
FTCI input is usable when bits CKS1 and CKS0 in TCR of the FRT select an
external clock source
TMCI0 input is usable when bits CKS2 to CKS0 in TCR of 8-bit timer 0 select an
external clock source
122
7.8 Port 7
7.8.1 Overview
Port 7 is an 8-bit input port that also provides the analog input pins for the A/D converter. The pin
functions are the same in all modes. Figure 7-15 shows the pin configuration of port 7.
Port 7 pins
P77 (input)/AN7 (input)
P76 (input)/AN6 (input)
P75 (input)/AN5 (input)
Port 7
P74 (input)/AN4 (input)
P73 (input)/AN3 (input)
P72 (input)/AN2 (input)
P71 (input)/AN1 (input)
P70 (input)/AN0 (input)
Figure 7-15 Port 7 Pin Configuration
123
7.8.2 Register Configuration and Descriptions
Table 7-14 summarizes the port 7 registers. Port 7 is an input port, so there is no data direction
register.
Table 7-14 Port 7 Register
Name
Abbreviation
Read/Write
Initial Value
Address
Port 7 input register
P7PIN
R
Undetermined
H'FFBE
Port 7 Input Register (P7PIN)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P77
P76
P75
P74
P73
P72
P71
P70
Initial value
—*
—*
—*
—*
—*
—*
—*
—*
Read/Write
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Note: * Depends on the levels of pins P77 to P70.
When P7PIN is read, the pin states are always read. P7PIN is a read-only register and cannot be
written to.
124
Section 8 16-Bit Free-Running Timer
8.1 Overview
The H8/3297 Series has an on-chip 16-bit free-running timer (FRT) module that uses a 16-bit freerunning counter as a time base. Applications of the FRT module include rectangular-wave output
(up to two independent waveforms), input pulse width measurement, and measurement of external
clock periods.
8.1.1 Features
The features of the free-running timer module are listed below.
•
Selection of four clock sources
The free-running counter can be driven by an internal clock source (øP/2, øP/8, or øP/32), or an
external clock input (enabling use as an external event counter).
•
Two independent comparators
Each comparator can generate an independent waveform.
•
Four input capture channels
The current count can be captured on the rising or falling edge (selectable) of an input signal.
The four input capture registers can be used separately, or in a buffer mode.
•
Counter can be cleared under program control
The free-running counters can be cleared on compare-match A.
•
Seven independent interrupts
Compare-match A and B, input capture A to D, and overflow interrupts are requested
independently.
125
8.1.2 Block Diagram
Figure 8-1 shows a block diagram of the free-running timer.
Internal
clock sources
øP/2
øP/8
øP/32
External
clock source
FTCI
Clock select
Clock
OCRA (H/L)
Comparematch A
Comparator A
FTOA0
Overflow
FTOB0
Clear
Comparator B
OCRB (H/L)
Control
logic
Capture
FTIA
ICRA (H/L)
ICRB (H/L)
FTIB
Internal
data bus
Module data bus
Comparematch B
Bus interface
FRC (H/L)
ICRC (H/L)
FTIC
ICRD (H/L)
FTID
TCSR
TIER
TCR
TOCR
ICIA
ICIB
ICIC
ICID
OCIA
OCIB
FOVI
Interrupt signals
Legend
FRC:
Free-running counter (16 bits)
Output compare register A, B (16 bits)
OCRA, B:
ICRA, B, C, D: Input capture register A, B, C, D (16 bits)
TCSR:
Timer control/status register (8 bits)
TIER: Timer interrupt enable register (8 bits)
TCR: Timer control register (8 bits)
TOCR: Timer output compare control
register (8 bits)
Figure 8-1 Block Diagram of 16-Bit Free-Running Timer
126
8.1.3 Input and Output Pins
Table 8-1 lists the input and output pins of the free-running timer module.
Table 8-1 Input and Output Pins of Free-Running Timer Module
Name
Abbreviation
I/O
Function
Counter clock input
FTCI
Input
Input of external free-running counter clock
signal
Output compare A
FTOA
Output
Output controlled by comparator A
Output compare B
FTOB
Output
Output controlled by comparator B
Input capture A
FTIA
Input
Trigger for capturing current count into input
capture register A
Input capture B
FTIB
Input
Trigger for capturing current count into input
capture register B
Input capture C
FTIC
Input
Trigger for capturing current count into input
capture register C
Input capture D
FTID
Input
Trigger for capturing current count into input
capture register D
8.1.4 Register Configuration
Table 8-2 lists the registers of the free-running timer module.
Table 8-2 Register Configuration
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial
Value
Address
Timer interrupt enable register
TIER
R/W
H'01
H'FF90
Timer control/status register
TCSR
R/(W)*1
H'00
H'FF91
Free-running counter (high)
FRC (H)
R/W
H'00
H'FF92
Free-running counter (low)
FRC (L)
R/W
H'00
H'FF93
Output compare register A/B (high)*2
OCRA/B (H)
R/W
H'FF
H'FF94*2
Output compare register A/B (low)*2
OCRA/B (L)
R/W
H'FF
H'FF95*2
Timer control register
TCR
R/W
H'00
H'FF96
Timer output compare control register
TOCR
R/W
H'E0
H'FF97
Input capture register A (high)
ICRA (H)
R
H'00
H'FF98
Input capture register A (low)
ICRA (L)
R
H'00
H'FF99
Notes: 1. Software can write a 0 to clear bits 7 to 1, but cannot write a 1 in these bits.
2. OCRA and OCRB share the same addresses. Access is controlled by the OCRS
bit in TOCR.
127
Table 8-2 Register Configuration (cont.)
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial
Value
Address
Input capture register B (high)
ICRB (H)
R
H'00
H'FF9A
Input capture register B (low)
ICRB (L)
R
H'00
H'FF9B
Input capture register C (high)
ICRC (H)
R
H'00
H'FF9C
Input capture register C (low)
ICRC (L)
R
H'00
H'FF9D
Input capture register D (high)
ICRD (H)
R
H'00
H'FF9E
Input capture register D (low)
ICRD (L)
R
H'00
H'FF9F
8.2 Register Descriptions
8.2.1 Free-Running Counter (FRC)
Bit
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
FRC is a 16-bit readable/writable up-counter that increments on an internal pulse generated from a
clock source. The clock source is selected by the clock select 1 and 0 bits (CKS1 and CKS0) of the
timer control register (TCR).
When FRC overflows from H'FFFF to H'0000, the overflow flag (OVF) in the timer control/status
register (TCSR) is set to 1.
Because FRC is a 16-bit register, a temporary register (TEMP) is used when FRC is written or read.
See section 8.3, CPU Interface, for details.
FRC is initialized to H'0000 at a reset and in the standby modes. It can also be cleared by comparematch A.
128
8.2.2 Output Compare Registers A and B (OCRA and OCRB)
Bit
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Read/ Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
OCRA and OCRB are 16-bit readable/writable registers, the contents of which are continually
compared with the value in the FRC. When a match is detected, the corresponding output compare
flag (OCFA or OCFB) is set in the timer control/status register (TCSR).
In addition, if the output enable bit (OEA or OEB) in the timer output compare control register
(TOCR) is set to 1, when the output compare register and FRC values match, the logic level selected
by the output level bit (OLVLA or OLVLB) in TOCR is output at the output compare pin (FTOA or
FTOB). Following a reset, the FTOA and FTOB output levels are 0 until the first compare-match.
OCRA and OCRB share the same address. They are differentiated by the OCRS bit in TOCR. A
temporary register (TEMP) is used for write access, as explained in section 8.3, CPU Interface.
OCRA and OCRB are initialized to H'FFFF at a reset and in the standby modes.
8.2.3 Input Capture Registers A to D (ICRA to ICRD)
Bit
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
There are four input capture registers A to D, each of which is a 16-bit read-only register.
When the rising or falling edge of the signal at an input capture pin (FTIA to FTID) is detected, the
current FRC value is copied to the corresponding input capture register (ICRA to ICRD).* At the
same time, the corresponding input capture flag (ICFA to ICFD) in the timer control/status register
(TCSR) is set to 1. The input capture edge is selected by the input edge select bits (IEDGA to
IEDGD) in the timer control register (TCR).
Note: * The FRC contents are transferred to the input capture register regardless of the value of the
input capture flag (ICFA/B/C/D).
Input capture can be buffered by using the input capture registers in pairs. When the BUFEA bit in
TCR is set to 1, ICRC is used as a buffer register for ICRA as shown in figure 8-2. When an FTIA
input is received, the old ICRA contents are moved into ICRC, and the new FRC count is copied
into ICRA.
129
BUFEA
IEDGA IEDGC
FTIA
Edge detect and
capture signal
generating circuit
ICRC
BUFEA:
IEDGA:
IEDGC:
ICRC:
ICRA:
FRC:
ICRA
FRC
Buffer enable A
Input edge select A
Input edge select C
Input capture register C
Input capture register A
Free-running counter
Figure 8-2 Input Capture Buffering
Similarly, when the BUFEB bit in TCR is set to 1, ICRD is used as a buffer register for ICRB.
When input capture is buffered, if the two input edge bits are set to different values (IEDGA ≠
IEDGC or IEDGB ≠ IEDGD), then input capture is triggered on both the rising and falling edges of
the FTIA or FTIB input signal. If the two input edge bits are set to the same value (IEDGA =
IEDGC or IEDGB = IEDGD), then input capture is triggered on only one edge. See table 8-3.
Table 8-3 Buffered Input Capture Edge Selection (Example)
IEDGA
IEDGC
Input Capture Edge
0
0
Captured on falling edge of input capture A (FTIA)
0
1
Captured on both rising and falling edges of input capture A (FTIA)
1
0
1
1
(Initial value)
Captured on rising edge of input capture A (FTIA)
Because the input capture registers are 16-bit registers, a temporary register (TEMP) is used when
they are read. See section 8.3, CPU Interface, for details.
To ensure input capture, the width of the input capture pulse should be at least 1.5 system clock
periods (1.5·ø). When triggering is enabled on both edges, the input capture pulse width should be at
least 2.5 system clock periods.
The input capture registers are initialized to H'0000 at a reset and in the standby modes.
130
8.2.4 Timer Interrupt Enable Register (TIER)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ICIAE
ICIBE
ICICE
ICIDE
OCIAE
OCIBE
OVIE
—
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
—
The TIER is an 8-bit readable/writable register that enables and disables interrupts.
The TIER is initialized to H'01 at a reset and in the standby modes.
Bit 7—Input Capture Interrupt A Enable (ICIAE): This bit selects whether to request input
capture interrupt A (ICIA) when input capture flag A (ICFA) in the timer status/control register
(TCSR) is set to 1.
Bit 7
ICIAE
Description
0
Input capture interrupt request A (ICIA) is disabled.
1
Input capture interrupt request A (ICIA) is enabled.
(Initial value)
Bit 6—Input Capture Interrupt B Enable (ICIBE): This bit selects whether to request input
capture interrupt B (ICIB) when input capture flag B (ICFB) in TCSR is set to 1.
Bit 6
ICIBE
Description
0
Input capture interrupt request B (ICIB) is disabled.
1
Input capture interrupt request B (ICIB) is enabled.
(Initial value)
Bit 5—Input Capture Interrupt C Enable (ICICE): This bit selects whether to request input
capture interrupt C (ICIC) when input capture flag C (ICFC) in TCSR is set to 1.
Bit 5
ICICE
Description
0
Input capture interrupt request C (ICIC) is disabled.
1
Input capture interrupt request C (ICIC) is enabled.
131
(Initial value)
Bit 4—Input Capture Interrupt D Enable (ICIDE): This bit selects whether to request input
capture interrupt D (ICID) when input capture flag D (ICFD) in TCSR is set to 1.
Bit 4
ICIDE
Description
0
Input capture interrupt request D (ICID) is disabled.
1
Input capture interrupt request D (ICID) is enabled.
(Initial value)
Bit 3—Output Compare Interrupt A Enable (OCIAE): This bit selects whether to request output
compare interrupt A (OCIA) when output compare flag A (OCFA) in TCSR is set to 1.
Bit 3
OCIAE
Description
0
Output compare interrupt request A (OCIA) is disabled.
1
Output compare interrupt request A (OCIA) is enabled.
(Initial value)
Bit 2—Output Compare Interrupt B Enable (OCIBE): This bit selects whether to request output
compare interrupt B (OCIB) when output compare flag B (OCFB) in TCSR is set to 1.
Bit 2
OCIBE
Description
0
Output compare interrupt request B (OCIB) is disabled.
1
Output compare interrupt request B (OCIB) is enabled.
(Initial value)
Bit 1—Timer Overflow Interrupt Enable (OVIE): This bit selects whether to request a freerunning timer overflow interrupt (FOVI) when the timer overflow flag (OVF) in TCSR is set to 1.
Bit 1
OVIE
Description
0
Timer overflow interrupt request (FOVI) is disabled.
1
Timer overflow interrupt request (FOVI) is enabled.
Bit 0—Reserved: This bit cannot be modified and is always read as 1.
132
(Initial value)
8.2.5 Timer Control/Status Register (TCSR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ICFA
ICFB
ICFC
ICFD
OCFA
OCFB
OVF
OCLRA
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/W
Note: * Software can write a 0 in bits 7 to 1 to clear the flags, but cannot write a 1 in these bits.
TCSR is an 8-bit readable and partially writable* register that contains the seven interrupt flags and
specifies whether to clear the counter on compare-match A (when the FRC and OCRA values
match).
TCSR is initialized to H'00 at a reset and in the standby modes.
Timing is described in section 8.4, Operation.
Bit 7—Input Capture Flag A (ICFA): This status bit is set to 1 to flag an input capture A event. If
BUFEA = 0, ICFA indicates that the FRC value has been copied to ICRA. If BUFEA = 1, ICFA
indicates that the old ICRA value has been moved into ICRC and the new FRC value has been
copied to ICRA.
ICFA must be cleared by software. It is set by hardware, however, and cannot be set by software.
Bit 7
ICFA
Description
0
To clear ICFA, the CPU must read ICFA after it has been set to 1,
then write a 0 in this bit.
(Initial value)
1
This bit is set to 1 when an FTIA input signal causes the FRC value to be copied to
ICRA.
Bit 6—Input Capture Flag B (ICFB): This status bit is set to 1 to flag an input capture B event. If
BUFEB = 0, ICFB indicates that the FRC value has been copied to ICRB. If BUFEB = 1, ICFB
indicates that the old ICRB value has been moved into ICRD and the new FRC value has been
copied to ICRB.
ICFB must be cleared by software. It is set by hardware, however, and cannot be set by software.
Bit 6
ICFB
Description
0
To clear ICFB, the CPU must read ICFB after it has been set to 1,
then write a 0 in this bit.
1
This bit is set to 1 when an FTIB input signal causes the FRC value to be copied to
ICRB.
133
(Initial value)
Bit 5—Input Capture Flag C (ICFC): This status bit is set to 1 to flag input of a rising or falling
edge of FTIC as selected by the IEDGC bit. When BUFEA = 0, this indicates capture of the FRC
count in ICRC. When BUFEA = 1, however, the FRC count is not captured, so ICFC becomes
simply an external interrupt flag. In other words, the buffer mode frees FTIC for use as a generalpurpose interrupt signal (which can be enabled or disabled by the ICICE bit).
ICFC must be cleared by software. It is set by hardware, however, and cannot be set by software.
Bit 5
ICFC
Description
0
To clear ICFC, the CPU must read ICFC after it has been set to 1,
then write a 0 in this bit.
1
This bit is set to 1 when an FTIC input signal is received.
(Initial value)
Bit 4—Input Capture Flag D (ICFD): This status bit is set to 1 to flag input of a rising or falling
edge of FTID as selected by the IEDGD bit. When BUFEB = 0, this indicates capture of the FRC
count in ICRD. When BUFEB = 1, however, the FRC count is not captured, so ICFD becomes
simply an external interrupt flag. In other words, the buffer mode frees FTID for use as a generalpurpose interrupt signal (which can be enabled or disabled by the ICIDE bit).
ICFD must be cleared by software. It is set by hardware, however, and cannot be set by software.
Bit 4
ICFD
Description
0
To clear ICFD, the CPU must read ICFD after it has been set to 1,
then write a 0 in this bit.
1
This bit is set to 1 when an FTID input signal is received.
(Initial value)
Bit 3—Output Compare Flag A (OCFA): This status flag is set to 1 when the FRC value matches
the OCRA value. This flag must be cleared by software. It is set by hardware, however, and cannot
be set by software.
Bit 3
OCFA
Description
0
To clear OCFA, the CPU must read OCFA after it has been set to 1,
then write a 0 in this bit.
1
This bit is set to 1 when FRC = OCRA.
134
(Initial value)
Bit 2—Output Compare Flag B (OCFB): This status flag is set to 1 when the FRC value matches
the OCRB value. This flag must be cleared by software. It is set by hardware, however, and cannot
be set by software.
Bit 2
OCFB
Description
0
To clear OCFB, the CPU must read OCFB after it has been set to 1,
then write a 0 in this bit.
1
This bit is set to 1 when FRC = OCRB.
(Initial value)
Bit 1—Timer Overflow Flag (OVF): This status flag is set to 1 when the FRC overflows (changes
from H'FFFF to H'0000). This flag must be cleared by software. It is set by hardware, however, and
cannot be set by software.
Bit 1
OVF
Description
0
To clear OVF, the CPU must read OVF after it has been set to 1,
then write a 0 in this bit.
1
This bit is set to 1 when FRC changes from H'FFFF to H'0000.
(Initial value)
Bit 0—Counter Clear A (CCLRA): This bit selects whether to clear the FRC at compare-match A
(when the FRC and OCRA values match).
Bit 0
CCLRA
Description
0
The FRC is not cleared.
1
The FRC is cleared at compare-match A.
(Initial value)
8.2.6 Timer Control Register (TCR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
IEDGA
IEDGB
IEDGC
IEDGD
BUFEA
BUFEB
CKS1
CKS0
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
TCR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that selects the rising or falling edge of the input capture
signals, enables the input capture buffer mode, and selects the FRC clock source.
TCR is initialized to H'00 at a reset and in the standby modes.
135
Bit 7—Input Edge Select A (IEDGA): This bit selects the rising or falling edge of the input
capture A signal (FTIA).
Bit 7
IEDGA
Description
0
Input capture A events are recognized on the falling edge of FTIA.
1
Input capture A events are recognized on the rising edge of FTIA.
(Initial value)
Bit 6—Input Edge Select B (IEDGB): This bit selects the rising or falling edge of the input
capture B signal (FTIB).
Bit 6
IEDGB
Description
0
Input capture B events are recognized on the falling edge of FTIB.
1
Input capture B events are recognized on the rising edge of FTIB.
(Initial value)
Bit 5—Input Edge Select C (IEDGC): This bit selects the rising or falling edge of the input
capture C signal (FTIC).
Bit 5
IEDGC
Description
0
Input capture C events are recognized on the falling edge of FTIC.
1
Input capture C events are recognized on the rising edge of FTIC.
(Initial value)
Bit 4—Input Edge Select D (IEDGD): This bit selects the rising or falling edge of the input
capture D signal (FTID).
Bit 4
IEDGD
Description
0
Input capture D events are recognized on the falling edge of FTID.
1
Input capture D events are recognized on the rising edge of FTID.
(Initial value)
Bit 3—Buffer Enable A (BUFEA): This bit selects whether to use ICRC as a buffer register for
ICRA.
Bit 3
BUFEA
Description
0
ICRC is used for input capture C.
1
ICRC is used as a buffer register for input capture A.
(Initial value)
136
Bit 2—Buffer Enable B (BUFEB): This bit selects whether to use ICRD as a buffer register for
ICRB.
Bit 2
BUFEB
Description
0
ICRD is used for input capture D.
1
ICRD is used as a buffer register for input capture B.
(Initial value)
Bits 1 and 0—Clock Select (CKS1 and CKS0): These bits select external clock input or one of
three internal clock sources for FRC. External clock pulses are counted on the rising edge of signals
input to pin FTCI.
Bit 1
CKS1
Bit 0
CKS0
Description
0
0
øP/2 internal clock source
0
1
øP/8 internal clock source
1
0
øP/32 internal clock source
1
1
External clock source (rising edge)
(Initial value)
8.2.7 Timer Output Compare Control Register (TOCR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
OCRS
OEA
OEB
OLVLA
OLVLB
Initial value
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
—
—
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
TOCR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that enables output from the output compare pins,
selects the output levels, and switches access between output compare registers A and B.
TOCR is initialized to H'E0 at a reset and in the standby modes.
Bits 7 to 5—Reserved: These bits cannot be modified and are always read as 1.
Bit 4—Output Compare Register Select (OCRS): OCRA and OCRB share the same address.
When this address is accessed, the OCRS bit selects which register is accessed. This bit does not
affect the operation of OCRA or OCRB.
Bit 4
OCRS
Description
0
OCRA is selected.
1
OCRB is selected.
(Initial value)
137
Bit 3—Output Enable A (OEA): This bit enables or disables output of the output compare A
signal (FTOA).
Bit 3
OEA
Description
0
Output compare A output is disabled.
1
Output compare A output is enabled.
(Initial value)
Bit 2—Output Enable B (OEB): This bit enables or disables output of the output compare B signal
(FTOB).
Bit 2
OEB
Description
0
Output compare B output is disabled.
1
Output compare B output is enabled.
(Initial value)
Bit 1—Output Level A (OLVLA): This bit selects the logic level to be output at the FTOA pin
when the FRC and OCRA values match.
Bit 1
OLVLA
Description
0
A 0 logic level is output for compare-match A.
1
A 1 logic level is output for compare-match A.
(Initial value)
Bit 0—Output Level B (OLVLB): This bit selects the logic level to be output at the FTOB pin
when the FRC and OCRB values match.
Bit 0
OLVLB
Description
0
A 0 logic level is output for compare-match B.
1
A 1 logic level is output for compare-match B.
138
(Initial value)
8.3 CPU Interface
The free-running counter (FRC), output compare registers (OCRA and OCRB), and input capture
registers (ICRA to ICRD) are 16-bit registers, but they are connected to an 8-bit data bus. When the
CPU accesses these registers, to ensure that both bytes are written or read simultaneously, the access
is performed using an 8-bit temporary register (TEMP).
These registers are written and read as follows:
•
Register Write
When the CPU writes to the upper byte, the byte of write data is placed in TEMP. Next, when
the CPU writes to the lower byte, this byte of data is combined with the byte in TEMP and all
16 bits are written in the register simultaneously.
•
Register Read
When the CPU reads the upper byte, the upper byte of data is sent to the CPU and the lower
byte is placed in TEMP. When the CPU reads the lower byte, it receives the value in TEMP.
Programs that access these registers should normally use word access. Equivalently, they may
access first the upper byte, then the lower byte by two consecutive byte accesses. Data will not be
transferred correctly if the bytes are accessed in reverse order, or if only one byte is accessed.
Figure 8-3 shows the data flow when FRC is accessed. The other registers are accessed in the same
way. As an exception, when the CPU reads OCRA or OCRB, it reads both the upper and lower
bytes directly, without using TEMP.
Coding Examples
To write the contents of general register R0 to OCRA:
To transfer the contents of ICRA to general register R0:
139
MOV.W
MOV.W
R0, @OCRA
@ICRA, R0
(1) Upper byte write
Module data bus
Bus
interface
CPU writes
data H'AA
TEMP
[H'AA]
FRCL
[
]
FRCH
[
]
(2) Lower byte write
CPU writes
data H'55
Module data bus
Bus
interface
TEMP
[H'AA]
FRCH
[H'AA]
FRCL
[H'55]
Figure 8-3 (a) Write Access to FRC (when CPU Writes H'AA55)
140
(1) Upper byte read
Module data bus
Bus
interface
CPU reads
data H'AA
TEMP
[H'55]
FRCH
[H'AA]
FRCL
[H'55]
(2) Lower byte read
CPU reads
data H'55
Module data bus
Bus
interface
TEMP
[H'55]
FRCH
[
]
FRCL
[
]
Figure 8-3 (b) Read Access to FRC (when FRC Contains H'AA55)
141
8.4 Operation
8.4.1 FRC Incrementation Timing
FRC increments on a pulse generated once for each period of the selected (internal or external)
clock source. The clock source is selected by bits CKS0 and CKS1 in the TCR.
Internal Clock: The internal clock sources (øP/2, øP/8, øP/32) are created from the system clock (ø)
by a prescaler. FRC increments on a pulse generated from the falling edge of the prescaler output.
See figure 8-4.
ø
Internal
clock
FRC clock
pulse
FRC
N–1
N
Figure 8-4 Increment Timing for Internal Clock Source
142
N+1
External Clock: If external clock input is selected, FRC increments on the rising edge of the FTCI
clock signal. Figure 8-5 shows the increment timing.
The pulse width of the external clock signal must be at least 1.5 system clock (ø) periods. The
counter will not increment correctly if the pulse width is shorter than 1.5 system clock periods.
ø
FTCI
FRC clock
pulse
FRC
N
N+1
Figure 8-5 Increment Timing for External Clock Source
143
8.4.2 Output Compare Timing
When a compare-match occurs, the logic level selected by the output level bit (OLVLA or OLVLB)
in TOCR is output at the output compare pin (FTOA or FTOB). Figure 8-6 shows the timing of this
operation for compare-match A.
ø
FRC
N
N+1
OCRA
N
N
N+1
N
Internal comparematch A signal
Clear*
OLVLA
FTOA
Note: * Cleared by software
Figure 8-6 Timing of Output Compare A
144
8.4.3 FRC Clear Timing
If the CCLRA bit in TCSR is set to 1, the FRC is cleared when compare-match A occurs. Figure 8-7
shows the timing of this operation.
ø
Internal comparematch A signal
FRC
N
H'0000
Figure 8-7 Clearing of FRC by Compare-Match A
145
8.4.4 Input Capture Timing
(1) Input Capture Timing: An internal input capture signal is generated from the rising or falling
edge of the signal at the input capture pin FTIx (x = A, B, C, D), as selected by the corresponding
IEDGx bit in TCR. Figure 8-8 shows the usual input capture timing when the rising edge is selected
(IEDGx = 1).
ø
Input data
FTI pin
Internal input
capture signal
Figure 8-8 Input Capture Timing (Usual Case)
If the upper byte of ICRA/B/C/D is being read when the corresponding input capture signal arrives,
the internal input capture signal is delayed by one state. Figure 8-9 shows the timing for this case.
ICR upper byte read cycle
T1
T2
T3
ø
Input at FTI pin
Internal input
capture signal
Figure 8-9 Input Capture Timing (1-State Delay Due to ICRA/B/C/D Read)
146
(2) Buffered Input Capture Timing: ICRC and ICRD can operate as buffers for ICRA and ICRB.
Figure 8-10 shows how input capture operates when ICRA and ICRC are used in buffer mode and
IEDGA and IEDGC are set to different values (IEDGA = 0 and IEDGC = 1, or IEDG A = 1 and
IEDGC = 0), so that input capture is performed on both the rising and falling edges of FTIA.
ø
FTIA
Internal input
capture signal
FRC
n
ICRA
M
ICRC
m
n+1
N
N+1
n
n
N
M
M
n
Figure 8-10 Buffered Input Capture with Both Edges Selected
147
When ICRC or ICRD is used as a buffer register, its input capture flag is set by the selected
transition of its input capture signal. For example, if ICRC is used to buffer ICRA, when the edge
transition selected by the IEDGC bit occurs on the FTIC input capture line, ICFC will be set, and if
the ICIEC bit is set, an interrupt will be requested. The FRC value will not be transferred to ICRC,
however.
In buffered input capture, if the upper byte of either of the two registers to which data will be
transferred (ICRA and ICRC, or ICRB and ICRD) is being read when the input signal arrives, input
capture is delayed by one system clock (ø). Figure 8-11 shows the timing when BUFEA = 1.
Read cycle:
CPU reads upper byte of ICRA or ICRC
T1
T2
T3
ø
Input at
FTIA pin
Internal input
capture signal
Figure 8-11 Input Capture Timing (1-State Delay, Buffer Mode)
148
8.4.5 Timing of Input Capture Flag (ICF) Setting
The input capture flag ICFx (x = A, B, C, D) is set to 1 by the internal input capture signal. Figure
8-12 shows the timing of this operation.
ø
Internal input
capture signal
ICF
N
FRC
ICR
N
Figure 8-12 Setting of Input Capture Flag
149
8.4.6 Setting of Output Compare Flags A and B (OCFA and OCFB)
The output compare flags are set to 1 by an internal compare-match signal generated when the FRC
value matches the OCRA or OCRB value. This compare-match signal is generated at the last state
in which the two values match, just before FRC increments to a new value.
Accordingly, when the FRC and OCR values match, the compare-match signal is not generated
until the next period of the clock source. Figure 8-13 shows the timing of the setting of the output
compare flags.
ø
FRC
OCRA or OCRB
N
N+1
N
Internal comparematch signal
OCFA or OCFB
Figure 8-13 Setting of Output Compare Flags
150
8.4.7 Setting of FRC Overflow Flag (OVF)
The FRC overflow flag (OVF) is set to 1 when FRC overflows (changes from H'FFFF to H'0000).
Figure 8-14 shows the timing of this operation.
ø
FRC
H'FFFF
H'0000
Internal overflow
signal
OVF
Figure 8-14 Setting of Overflow Flag (OVF)
8.5 Interrupts
The free-running timer can request seven interrupts (three types): input capture A to D (ICIA, ICIB,
ICIC, ICID), output compare A and B (OCIA and OCIB), and overflow (FOVI). Each interrupt can
be enabled or disabled by an enable bit in TIER. Independent signals are sent to the interrupt
controller for each interrupt. Table 8-4 lists information about these interrupts.
Table 8-4 Free-Running Timer Interrupts
Interrupt
Description
Priority
ICIA
Requested by ICFA
High
ICIB
Requested by ICFB
ICIC
Requested by ICFC
ICID
Requested by ICFD
OCIA
Requested by OCFA
OCIB
Requested by OCFB
FOVI
Requested by OVF
Low
151
8.6 Sample Application
In the example below, the free-running timer is used to generate two square-wave outputs with a
50% duty cycle and arbitrary phase relationship. The programming is as follows:
(1) The CCLRA bit in TCSR is set to 1.
(2) Each time a compare-match interrupt occurs, software inverts the corresponding output level bit
in TOCR (OLVLA or OLVLB).
FRC
H'FFFF
Clear counter
OCRA
OCRB
H'0000
FTOA
FTOB
Figure 8-15 Square-Wave Output (Example)
152
8.7 Usage Notes
Application programmers should note that the following types of contention can occur in the freerunning timer.
(1) Contention between FRC Write and Clear: If an internal counter clear signal is generated
during the T3 state of a write cycle to the lower byte of the free-running counter, the clear signal
takes priority and the write is not performed.
Figure 8-16 shows this type of contention.
Write cycle:
CPU write to lower byte of FRC
T1
T2
T3
ø
Internal address
bus
FRC address
Internal write
signal
FRC clear signal
FRC
N
H'0000
Figure 8-16 FRC Write-Clear Contention
153
(2) Contention between FRC Write and Increment: If an FRC increment pulse is generated
during the T3 state of a write cycle to the lower byte of the free-running counter, the write takes
priority and FRC is not incremented.
Figure 8-17 shows this type of contention.
Write cycle:
CPU write to lower byte of FRC
T1
T2
T3
ø
Internal address bus
FRC address
Internal write signal
FRC clock pulse
FRC
N
M
Write data
Figure 8-17 FRC Write-Increment Contention
154
(3) Contention between OCR Write and Compare-Match: If a compare-match occurs during the
T3 state of a write cycle to the lower byte of OCRA or OCRB, the write takes priority and the
compare-match signal is inhibited.
Figure 8-18 shows this type of contention.
Write cycle:
CPU write to lower byte of OCRA or OCRB
T1
T2
T3
ø
Intenal address bus
OCR address
Internal write signal
FRC
N
OCRA or OCRB
N
N+1
M
Write data
Compare-match
A or B signal
Inhibited
Figure 8-18 Contention between OCR Write and Compare-Match
155
(4) Incrementation Caused by Changing of Internal Clock Source: When an internal clock
source is changed, the changeover may cause FRC to increment. This depends on the time at which
the clock select bits (CKS1 and CKS0) are rewritten, as shown in table 8-5.
The pulse that increments FRC is generated at the falling edge of the internal clock source. If clock
sources are changed when the old source is high and the new source is low, as in case no. 3 in table
8-5, the changeover generates a falling edge that triggers the FRC increment clock pulse.
Switching between an internal and external clock source can also cause FRC to increment.
Table 8-5 Effect of Changing Internal Clock Sources
No.
Description
Timing
1
Low → low:
CKS1 and CKS0 are
rewritten while both
clock sources are low.
Old clock
source
New clock
source
FRC clock
pulse
FRC
N+1
N
CKS rewrite
2
Low → high:
CKS1 and CKS0 are
rewritten while old
clock source is low and
new clock source is high.
Old clock
source
New clock
source
FRC clock
pulse
N
FRC
N+1
N+2
CKS rewrite
156
Table 8-5 Effect of Changing Internal Clock Sources (cont)
No.
Description
3
High → low:
CKS1 and CKS0 are
rewritten while old
clock source is high and
new clock source is low.
Timing
Old clock
source
New clock
source
*
FRC clock
pulse
N
FRC
N+1
N+2
CKS rewrite
4
High → high:
CKS1 and CKS0 are
rewritten while both
clock sources are high.
Old clock
source
New clock
source
FRC clock
pulse
FRC
N
N+1
N+2
CKS rewrite
Note: * The switching of clock sources is regarded as a falling edge that increments FRC.
157
Section 9 8-Bit Timers
9.1 Overview
The H8/3297 Series includes an 8-bit timer module with two channels (numbered 0 and 1). Each
channel has an 8-bit counter (TCNT) and two time constant registers (TCORA and TCORB) that
are constantly compared with the TCNT value to detect compare-match events. One of the many
applications of the 8-bit timer module is to generate a rectangular-wave output with an arbitrary
duty cycle.
9.1.1 Features
The features of the 8-bit timer module are listed below.
•
Selection of seven clock sources
The counters can be driven by one of six internal clock signals or an external clock input
(enabling use as an external event counter).
•
Selection of three ways to clear the counters
The counters can be cleared on compare-match A or B, or by an external reset signal.
•
Timer output controlled by two time constants
The timer output signal in each channel is controlled by two independent time constants,
enabling the timer to generate output waveforms with an arbitrary duty cycle, or PWM
waveforms.
•
Three independent interrupts
Compare-match A and B and overflow interrupts can be requested independently.
159
9.1.2 Block Diagram
Figure 9-1 shows a block diagram of one channel in the 8-bit timer module.
Internal
clock sources
External
clock source
Channel 0
øP/2
øP/8
øP/32
øP/64
øP/256
øP/1024
TMCI
Clock select
Channel 1
øP/2
øP/8
øP/64
øP/128
øP/1024
øP/2048
Clock
TCORA
Compare-match A
TCNT
Clear
Comparator B
Control
logic
Compare-match B
Module data bus
Overflow
TMRI
TCORB
TCSR
TCR
CMIA
CMIB
OVI
Interrupt signals
TCR:
TCSR:
TCORA:
TCORB:
TCNT:
Timer control register (8 bits)
Timer control status register (8 bits)
Time constant register A (8 bits)
Time constant register B (8 bits)
Timer counter
Figure 9-1 Block Diagram of 8-Bit Timer (1 Channel)
160
Bus interface
Comparator A
TMO
Internal
data bus
9.1.3 Input and Output Pins
Table 9-1 lists the input and output pins of the 8-bit timer.
Table 9-1 Input and Output Pins of 8-Bit Timer
Abbreviation*
Name
Channel 0
Channel 1
I/O
Function
Timer output
TMO0
TMO1
Output
Output controlled by compare-match
Timer clock input
TMCI0
TMCI1
Input
External clock source for the counter
Timer reset input
TMRI0
TMRI1
Input
External reset signal for the counter
Note: * In this manual, the channel subscript has been deleted, and only TMO TMCI, and TMRI are
used.
9.1.4 Register Configuration
Table 9-2 lists the registers of the 8-bit timer module. Each channel has an independent set of
registers.
Table 9-2 8-Bit Timer Registers
Channel
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value Address
0
Timer control register
TCR
R/W
H'00
H'FFC8
Timer control/status register
TCSR
R/(W)* H'10
H'FFC9
Time constant register A
TCORA
R/W
H'FF
H'FFCA
Time constant register B
TCORB
R/W
H'FF
H'FFCB
Timer counter
TCNT
R/W
H'00
H'FFCC
Timer control register
TCR
R/W
H'00
H'FFD0
Timer control/status register
TCSR
R/(W)* H'10
H'FFD1
Time constant register A
TCORA
R/W
H'FF
H'FFD2
Time constant register B
TCORB
R/W
H'FF
H'FFD3
Timer counter
TCNT
R/W
H'00
H'FFD4
Serial/timer control register
STCR
R/W
H'F8
H'FFC3
1
0, 1
Note: * Software can write a 0 to clear bits 7 to 5, but cannot write a 1 in these bits.
161
9.2 Register Descriptions
9.2.1 Timer Counter (TCNT)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Each timer counter (TCNT) is an 8-bit up-counter that increments on a pulse generated from an
internal or external clock source selected by clock select bits 2 to 0 (CKS2 to CKS0) of the timer
control register (TCR). The CPU can always read or write the timer counter.
The timer counter can be cleared by an external reset input or by an internal compare-match signal
generated at a compare-match event. Clock clear bits 1 and 0 (CCLR1 and CCLR0) of the timer
control register select the method of clearing.
When a timer counter overflows from H'FF to H'00, the overflow flag (OVF) in the timer
control/status register (TCSR) is set to 1.
The timer counters are initialized to H'00 at a reset and in the standby modes.
9.2.2 Time Constant Registers A and B (TCORA and TCORB)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
TCORA and TCORB are 8-bit readable/writable registers. The timer count is continually compared
with the constants written in these registers (except during the T3 state of a write cycle to TCORA
or TCORB). When a match is detected, the corresponding compare-match flag (CMFA or CMFB)
is set in the timer control/status register (TCSR).
The timer output signal is controlled by these compare-match signals as specified by output select
bits 3 to 0 (OS3 to OS0) in the timer control/status register (TCSR).
TCORA and TCORB are initialized to H'FF at a reset and in the standby modes.
162
9.2.3 Timer Control Register (TCR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CMIEB
CMIEA
OVIE
CCLR1
CCLR0
CKS2
CKS1
CKS0
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
TCR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that selects the clock source and the time at which the
timer counter is cleared, and enables interrupts.
TCR is initialized to H'00 at a reset and in the standby modes.
For timing diagrams, see section 9.3, Operation.
Bit 7—Compare-match Interrupt Enable B (CMIEB): This bit selects whether to request
compare-match interrupt B (CMIB) when compare-match flag B (CMFB) in the timer control/status
register (TCSR) is set to 1.
Bit 7
CMIEB
Description
0
Compare-match interrupt request B (CMIB) is disabled.
1
Compare-match interrupt request B (CMIB) is enabled.
(Initial value)
Bit 6—Compare-match Interrupt Enable A (CMIEA): This bit selects whether to request
compare-match interrupt A (CMIA) when compare-match flag A (CMFA) in TCSR is set to 1.
Bit 6
CMIEA
Description
0
Compare-match interrupt request A (CMIA) is disabled.
1
Compare-match interrupt request A (CMIA) is enabled.
163
(Initial value)
Bit 5—Timer Overflow Interrupt Enable (OVIE): This bit selects whether to request a timer
overflow interrupt (OVI) when the overflow flag (OVF) in TCSR is set to 1.
Bit 5
OVIE
Description
0
The timer overflow interrupt request (OVI) is disabled.
1
The timer overflow interrupt request (OVI) is enabled.
(Initial value)
Bits 4 and 3—Counter Clear 1 and 0 (CCLR1 and CCLR0): These bits select how the timer
counter is cleared: by compare-match A or B or by an external reset input (TMRI).
Bit 4
CCLR1
Bit 3
CCLR0
Description
0
0
Not cleared.
0
1
Cleared on compare-match A.
1
0
Cleared on compare-match B.
1
1
Cleared on rising edge of external reset input signal.
(Initial value)
164
Bits 2, 1, and 0—Clock Select (CKS2, CKS1, and CKS0): These bits and bits ICKS1 and ICKS0
in the serial/timer control register (STCR) select the internal or external clock source for the timer
counter. Six internal clock sources, derived by prescaling the system clock, are available for each
timer channel. For internal clock sources the counter is incremented on the falling edge of the
internal clock. For an external clock source, these bits can select whether to increment the counter
on the rising or falling edge of the clock input (TMCI), or on both edges.
TCR
STCR
Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Bit 1
Bit 0
Channel CKS2 CKS1 CKS0 ICKS1 ICKS0 Description
0
1
0
0
0
—
—
No clock source (timer stopped)
0
0
1
—
0
øP/8 internal clock, counted on falling edge
0
0
1
—
1
øP/2 internal clock, counted on falling edge
0
1
0
—
0
øP/64 internal clock, counted on falling edge
0
1
0
—
1
øP/32 internal clock, counted on falling edge
0
1
1
—
0
øP/1024 internal clock, counted on falling edge
0
1
1
—
1
øP/256 internal clock, counted on falling edge
1
0
0
—
—
No clock source (timer stopped)
1
0
1
—
—
External clock source, counted on rising edge
1
1
0
—
—
External clock source, counted on falling edge
1
1
1
—
—
External clock source, counted on both rising
and falling edges
0
0
0
—
—
No clock source (timer stopped)
0
0
1
0
—
øP/8 internal clock, counted on falling edge
0
0
1
1
—
øP/2 internal clock, counted on falling edge
0
1
0
0
—
øP/64 internal clock, counted on falling edge
0
1
0
1
—
øP/128 internal clock, counted on falling edge
0
1
1
0
—
øP/1024 internal clock, counted on falling edge
0
1
1
1
—
øP/2048 internal clock, counted on falling edge
1
0
0
—
—
No clock source (timer stopped)
1
0
1
—
—
External clock source, counted on rising edge
1
1
0
—
—
External clock source, counted on falling edge
1
1
1
—
—
External clock source, counted on both rising
and falling edges
165
(Initial value)
(Initial value)
9.2.4 Timer Control/Status Register (TCSR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CMFB
CMFA
OVF
—
OS3
OS2
OS1
OS0
Initial value
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Note: * Software can write a 0 in bits 7 to 5 to clear the flags, but cannot write a 1 in these bits.
TCSR is an 8-bit readable and partially writable register that indicates compare-match and overflow
status and selects the effect of compare-match events on the timer output signal.
TCSR is initialized to H'10 at a reset and in the standby modes.
Bit 7—Compare-Match Flag B (CMFB): This status flag is set to 1 when the timer count matches
the time constant set in TCORB. CMFB must be cleared by software. It is set by hardware,
however, and cannot be set by software.
Bit 7
CMFB
Description
0
To clear CMFB, the CPU must read CMFB after it has been set to 1
then write a 0 in this bit.
1
This bit is set to 1 when TCNT = TCORB.
(Initial value)
Bit 6—Compare-Match Flag A (CMFA): This status flag is set to 1 when the timer count matches
the time constant set in TCORA. CMFA must be cleared by software. It is set by hardware,
however, and cannot be set by software.
Bit 6
CMFA
Description
0
To clear CMFA, the CPU must read CMFA after it has been set to 1,
then write a 0 in this bit.
1
This bit is set to 1 when TCNT = TCORA.
166
(Initial value)
Bit 5—Timer Overflow Flag (OVF): This status flag is set to 1 when the timer count overflows
(changes from H'FF to H'00). OVF must be cleared by software. It is set by hardware, however, and
cannot be set by software.
Bit 5
OVF
Description
0
To clear OVF, the CPU must read OVF after it has been set to 1,
then write a 0 in this bit.
1
This bit is set to 1 when TCNT changes from H'FF to H'00.
(Initial value)
Bit 4—Reserved: This bit is always read as 1. It cannot be written.
Bits 3 to 0—Output Select 3 to 0 (OS3 to OS0): These bits specify the effect of TCOR–TCNT
compare-match events on the timer output signal (TMO). Bits OS3 and OS2 control the effect of
compare-match B on the output level. Bits OS1 and OS0 control the effect of compare-match A on
the output level.
If compare-match A and B occur simultaneously, any conflict is resolved according to the following
priority order: toggle > 1 output > 0 output.
When all four output select bits are cleared to 0 the timer output signal is disabled.
After a reset, the timer output is 0 until the first compare-match event.
Bit 3
OS3
Bit 2
OS2
Description
0
0
No change when compare-match B occurs.
0
1
Output changes to 0 when compare-match B occurs.
1
0
Output changes to 1 when compare-match B occurs.
1
1
Output inverts (toggles) when compare-match B occurs.
Bit 1
OS1
Bit 0
OS0
Description
0
0
No change when compare-match A occurs.
0
1
Output changes to 0 when compare-match A occurs.
1
0
Output changes to 1 when compare-match A occurs.
1
1
Output inverts (toggles) when compare-match A occurs.
167
(Initial value)
(Initial value)
9.2.5 Serial/Timer Control Register (STCR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
—
MPE
ICKS1
ICKS0
Initial value
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
Read/Write
—
—
—
—
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
STCR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that controls the operating mode of the serial
communication interface, and selects internal clock sources for the timer counters.
STCR is initialized to H'F8 at a reset.
Bits 7 to 3—Reserved: These bits cannot be modified and are always read as 1.
Bit 2—Multiprocessor Enable (MPE): Controls the operating mode of serial communication
interfaces 0 and 1. For details, see section 11, Serial Communication Interface.
Bits 1 and 0—Internal Clock Source Select 1 and 0 (ICKS1 and ICKS0): These bits and bits
CKS2 to CKS0 in the TCR select clock sources for the timer counters. For details, see section
9.2.3, Timer Control Register.
168
9.3 Operation
9.3.1 TCNT Incrementation Timing
The timer counter increments on a pulse generated once for each period of the selected (internal or
external) clock source.
Internal Clock: Internal clock sources are created from the system clock by a prescaler. The
counter increments on an internal TCNT clock pulse generated from the falling edge of the prescaler
output, as shown in figure 9-2. Bits CKS2 to CKS0 of TCR and bits ICKS1 and ICKS0 of STCR
can select one of the six internal clocks.
ø
Internal
clock
TCNT clock
pulse
TCNT
N–1
N
Figure 9-2 Count Timing for Internal Clock Input
169
N+1
External Clock: If external clock input (TMCI) is selected, the timer counter can increment on the
rising edge, the falling edge, or both edges of the external clock signal. Figure 9-3 shows
incrementation on both edges of the external clock signal.
The external clock pulse width must be at least 1.5 system clock (ø) periods for incrementation on a
single edge, and at least 2.5 system clock periods for incrementation on both edges. The counter will
not increment correctly if the pulse width is shorter than these values.
ø
External clock
source (TMCI)
TCNT clock
pulse
TCNT
N–1
N
Figure 9-3 Count Timing for External Clock Input
170
N+1
9.3.2 Compare Match Timing
(1) Setting of Compare-Match Flags A and B (CMFA and CMFB): The compare-match flags
are set to 1 by an internal compare-match signal generated when the timer count matches the time
constant in TCORA or TCORB. The compare-match signal is generated at the last state in which the
match is true, just before the timer counter increments to a new value.
Accordingly, when the timer count matches one of the time constants, the compare-match signal is
not generated until the next period of the clock source. Figure 9-4 shows the timing of the setting of
the compare-match flags.
ø
TCNT
TCOR
N
N+1
N
Internal comparematch signal
CMF
Figure 9-4 Setting of Compare-Match Flags
171
(2) Output Timing: When a compare-match event occurs, the timer output changes as specified by
the output select bits (OS3 to OS0) in the TCSR. Depending on these bits, the output can remain the
same, change to 0, change to 1, or toggle.
Figure 9-5 shows the timing when the output is set to toggle on compare-match A.
ø
Internal comparematch A signal
Timer output
(TMO)
Figure 9-5 Timing of Timer Output
(3) Timing of Compare-Match Clear: Depending on the CCLR1 and CCLR0 bits in TCR, the
timer counter can be cleared when compare-match A or B occurs. Figure 9-6 shows the timing of
this operation.
ø
Internal comparematch signal
TCNT
N
H'00
Figure 9-6 Timing of Compare-Match Clear
172
9.3.3 External Reset of TCNT
When the CCLR1 and CCLR0 bits in TCR are both set to 1, the timer counter is cleared on the
rising edge of an external reset input. Figure 9-7 shows the timing of this operation. The timer reset
pulse width must be at least 1.5 system clock (ø) periods.
ø
External reset
input (TMRI)
Internal clear
pulse
TCNT
N–1
N
H'00
Figure 9-7 Timing of External Reset
9.3.4 Setting of TCSR Overflow Flag (OVF)
The overflow flag (OVF) is set to 1 when the timer count overflows (changes from H'FF to H'00).
Figure 9-8 shows the timing of this operation.
ø
TCNT
H'FF
H'00
Internal overflow
signal
OVF
Figure 9-8 Setting of Overflow Flag (OVF)
173
9.4 Interrupts
Each channel in the 8-bit timer can generate three types of interrupts: compare-match A and B
(CMIA and CMIB), and overflow (OVI). Each interrupt can be enabled or disabled by an enable bit
in TCR. Independent signals are sent to the interrupt controller for each interrupt. Table 9-3 lists
information about these interrupts.
Table 9-3 8-Bit Timer Interrupts
Interrupt
Description
Priority
CMIA
Requested by CMFA
High
CMIB
Requested by CMFB
OVI
Requested by OVF
Low
9.5 Sample Application
In the example below, the 8-bit timer is used to generate a pulse output with a selected duty cycle.
The control bits are set as follows:
(1) In TCR, CCLR1 is cleared to 0 and CCLR0 is set to 1 so that the timer counter is cleared when
its value matches the constant in TCORA.
(2) In TCSR, bits OS3 to OS0 are set to 0110, causing the output to change to 1 on compare-match
A and to 0 on compare-match B.
With these settings, the 8-bit timer provides output of pulses at a rate determined by TCORA with a
pulse width determined by TCORB. No software intervention is required.
TCNT
H'FF
Clear counter
TCORA
TCORB
H'00
TMO pin
Figure 9-9 Example of Pulse Output
174
9.6 Usage Notes
Application programmers should note that the following types of contention can occur in the 8-bit
timer.
9.6.1 Contention between TCNT Write and Clear
If an internal counter clear signal is generated during the T3 state of a write cycle to the timer
counter, the clear signal takes priority and the write is not performed.
Figure 9-10 shows this type of contention.
Write cycle: CPU writes to TCNT
T1
T2
T3
ø
Internal address
bus
TCNT address
Internal write
signal
Counter clear
signal
TCNT
N
Figure 9-10 TCNT Write-Clear Contention
175
H'00
9.6.2 Contention between TCNT Write and Increment
If a timer counter increment pulse is generated during the T3 state of a write cycle to the timer
counter, the write takes priority and the timer counter is not incremented.
Figure 9-11 shows this type of contention.
Write cycle: CPU writes to TCNT
T1
T2
T3
ø
Internal address bus
TCNT address
Internal write signal
TCNT clock pulse
TNCT
N
M
Write data
Figure 9-11 TCNT Write-Increment Contention
176
9.6.3 Contention between TCOR Write and Compare-Match
If a compare-match occurs during the T3 state of a write cycle to TCOR, the write takes precedence
and the compare-match signal is inhibited.
Figure 9-12 shows this type of contention.
Write cycle: CPU writes to TCOR
T1
T2
T3
ø
Internal address bus
TCOR address
Internal write signal
TCNT
N
TCOR
N
N+1
M
TCOR write data
Compare-match
A or B signal
Inhibited
Figure 9-12 Contention between TCOR Write and Compare-Match
177
9.6.4 Contention between Compare-Match A and Compare-Match B
If identical time constants are written in TCORA and TCORB, causing compare-match A and B to
occur simultaneously, any conflict between the output selections for compare-match A and B is
resolved by following the priority order in table 9-4.
Table 9-4 Priority of Timer Output
Output Selection
Priority
Toggle
High
1 output
0 output
No change
Low
9.6.5 Incrementation Caused by Changing of Internal Clock Source
When an internal clock source is changed, the changeover may cause the timer counter to
increment. This depends on the time at which the clock select bits (CKS1, CKS0) are rewritten, as
shown in table 9-5.
The pulse that increments the timer counter is generated at the falling edge of the internal clock
source signal. If clock sources are changed when the old source is high and the new source is low,
as in case no. 3 in table 9-5, the changeover generates a falling edge that triggers the TCNT clock
pulse and increments the timer counter.
Switching between an internal and external clock source can also cause the timer counter to
increment.
178
Table 9-5 Effect of Changing Internal Clock Sources
No.
Description
1
Low →
low*1
Timing
Old clock
source
New clock
source
TCNT clock
pulse
TCNT
N+1
N
CKS rewrite
2
Low → high*2
Old clock
source
New clock
source
TCNT clock
pulse
TCNT
N
N+1
N+2
CKS rewrite
Notes: 1. Including a transition from low to the stopped state (CKS1 = 0, CKS0 = 0), or a transition
from the stopped state to low.
2. Including a transition from the stopped state to high.
179
Table 9-5 Effect of Changing Internal Clock Sources (cont)
No.
Description
3
High →
low*1
Timing chart
Old clock
source
New clock
source
*2
TCNT clock
pulse
TCNT
N
N+1
N+2
CKS rewrite
4
High → high
Old clock
source
New clock
source
TCNT clock
pulse
TCNT
N
N+1
N+2
CKS rewrite
Notes: 1. Including a transition from high to the stopped state.
2. The switching of clock sources is regarded as a falling edge that increments TCNT.
180
Section 10 Watchdog Timer
10.1 Overview
The H8/3297 Series has an on-chip watchdog timer (WDT) that can monitor system operation by
resetting the CPU or generating a nonmaskable interrupt if a system crash allows the timer count to
overflow.
When this watchdog function is not needed, the watchdog timer module can be used as an interval
timer. In interval timer mode, it requests an OVF interrupt at each counter overflow.
10.1.1 Features
•
Selection of eight clock sources
•
Selection of two modes:
— Watchdog timer mode
— Interval timer mode
•
Counter overflow generates an interrupt request or reset:
— Reset or NMI request in watchdog timer mode
— OVF interrupt request in interval timer mode
181
10.1.2 Block Diagram
Figure 10-1 is a block diagram of the watchdog timer.
Internal NMI
(Watchdog timer mode)
Interrupt
signals
OVF (Interval
timer mode)
Interrupt
control
Overflow
Internal
data bus
TCNT
Read/write
control
TCSR
Internal reset
Internal clock source
Clock
Clock
select
TCNT: Timer counter
TCSR: Timer control/status register
øP/2
øP/32
øP/64
øP/128
øP/256
øP/512
øP/2048
øP/4096
Figure 10-1 Block Diagram of Watchdog Timer
10.1.3 Register Configuration
Table 10-1 lists information on the watchdog timer registers.
Table 10-1 Register Configuration
Addresses
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Write
Read
Timer control/status register
TCSR
R/(W)*
H'18
H'FFA8
H'FFA8
Timer counter
TCNT
R/W
H'00
H'FFA8
H'FFA9
Note: * Software can write a 0 to clear the status flag bits, but cannot write 1.
182
10.2 Register Descriptions
10.2.1 Timer Counter (TCNT)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
TCNT is an 8-bit readable/writable up-counter. When the timer enable bit (TME) in the timer
control/status register (TCSR) is set to 1, the timer counter starts counting pulses of an internal
clock source selected by clock select bits 2 to 0 (CKS2 to CKS0) in TCSR. When the count
overflows (changes from H'FF to H'00), an overflow flag (OVF) in TCSR is set to 1.
TCNT is initialized to H'00 at a reset and when the TME bit is cleared to 0.
Note: TCNT is more difficult to write to than other registers. See Section 10.2.3, Register Access,
for details.
10.2.2 Timer Control/Status Register (TCSR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
OVF
WT/IT
TME
—
RST/NMI
CKS2
CKS1
CKS0
Initial value
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/(W*)
R/W
R/W
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Note: * Software can write a 0 in bit 7 to clear the flag, but cannot write a 1 in this bit. TCSR is
more difficult to write to than other registers. See Section 12.2.3, Register Access,
for details.
TCSR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that selects the timer mode and clock source and
performs other functions. (TCSR is write-protected by a password. See section 10.2.3, Register
Access, for details.)
Bits 7 to 5 and bit 3 are initialized to 0 at a reset and in the standby modes. Bits 2 to 0 are initialized
to 0 at a reset, but retain their values in the standby modes.
183
Bit 7—Overflow Flag (OVF): Indicates that the watchdog timer count has overflowed.
Bit 7
OVF
Description
0
To clear OVF, the CPU must read OVF when it is 1, then write 0 in this bit (Initial value)
1
• Set to 1 when TENT changes from H’FF to H’00
• In interval timer mode or when the NMI interrupt is selected in watchdog timer mode
Bit 6—Timer Mode Select (WT/IT): Selects whether to operate in watchdog timer mode or
interval timer mode. When TCNT overflows, an OVF interrupt request is sent to the CPU in interval
timer mode. For watchdog timer mode, a reset or NMI interrupt is requested.
Bit 6
WT/IT
Description
0
Interval timer mode (OVF request in case of overflow)
1
Watchdog timer mode (reset or NMI request in case of overflow)
(Initial value)
Bit 5—Timer Enable (TME): Enables or disables the timer.
Bit 5
TME
Description
0
TCNT is initialized to H'00 and stopped
1
TCNT runs and requests a reset or an interrupt when it overflows
(Initial value)
Bit 4—Reserved: This bit cannot be modified and is always read as 1.
Bit 3: Reset or NMI Select (RST/NMI): Selects either an internal reset or the NMI function at
watchdog timer overflow.
Bit 3
RST/NMI
Description
0
NMI function enabled
1
Reset function enabled
(Initial value)
184
Bits 2—0: Clock Select (CKS2–CKS0): These bits select one of eight clock sources obtained by
dividing the system clock (ø).
The overflow interval is the time from when the watchdog timer counter begins counting from H'00
until an overflow occurs. In interval timer mode, OVF interrupts are requested at this interval.
Bit 2
CKS2
Bit 1
CKS1
Bit 0
CKS0
Clock Source
Overflow Interval (øP = 10 MHz)
0
0
0
øP/2
51.2 µs
0
0
1
øP/32
819.2 µs
0
1
0
øP/64
1.6 ms
0
1
1
øP/128
3.3 ms
1
0
0
øP/256
6.6 ms
1
0
1
øP/512
13.1 ms
1
1
0
øP/2048
52.4 ms
1
1
1
øP/4096
104.9 ms
(Initial value)
10.2.3 Register Access
The watchdog timer’s TCNT and TCSR registers are more difficult to write than other registers.
The procedures for writing and reading these registers are given below.
Writing to TCNT and TCSR: Word access is required. Byte data transfer instructions cannot be
used for write access.
The TCNT and TCSR registers have the same write address. The write data must be contained in
the lower byte of a word written at this address. The upper byte must contain H'5A (password for
TCNT) or H'A5 (password for TCSR). See figure 10-2. The result of the access depicted in figure
10-2 is to transfer the write data from the lower byte to TCNT or TCSR.
15
Writing to TCNT
H'FFA8
8 7
H'5A
15
Writing to TCSR
H'FFA8
0
Write data
8 7
H'A5
0
Write data
Figure 10-2 Writing to TCNT and TCSR
185
Reading TCNT and TCSR: The read addresses are H'FFA8 for TCSR and H'FFA9 for TCNT, as
indicated in table 10-2.
These two registers are read like other registers. Byte access instructions can be used.
Table 10-2 Read Addresses of TCNT and TCSR
Read Address
Register
H'FFA8
TCSR
H'FFA9
TCNT
10.3 Operation
10.3.1 Watchdog Timer Mode
The watchdog timer function begins operating when software sets the WT/IT and TME bits to 1 in
TCSR. Thereafter, software should periodically rewrite the contents of the timer counter (normally
by writing H'00) to prevent the count from overflowing. If a program crash allows the timer count to
overflow, the entire chip is reset for 518 system clocks (518 ø), or an NMI interrupt is requested.
Figure 10-3 shows the operation.
NMI requests from the watchdog timer have the same vector as NMI requests from the NMI pin.
Avoid simultaneous handling of watchdog timer NMI requests and NMI requests from pin NMI.
A reset from the watchdog timer has the same vector as an external reset from the RES pin. The
reset source can be determined by the XRST bit in SYSCR.
WDT overflow
H'FF
WT/IT = 1
TME = 1
TCNT count
Time t
H'00
OVF = 1
WT/IT = 1
TME = 1
Reset
H'00 written
to TCNT
518 ø
Figure 10-3 Operation in Watchdog Timer Mode
186
H'00 written
to TCNT
10.3.2 Interval Timer Mode
Interval timer operation begins when the WT/IT bit is cleared to 0 and the TME bit is set to 1.
In interval timer mode, an OVF request is generated each time the timer count overflows. This
function can be used to generate OVF requests at regular intervals. See figure 10-4.
H'FF
TCNT count
Time t
H'00
WT/IT = 0
TME = 1
OVF
request
OVF
request
OVF
request
OVF
request
OVF
request
Figure 10-4 Operation in Interval Timer Mode
10.3.3 Setting the Overflow Flag
The OVF bit is set to 1 when the timer count overflows. Simultaneously, the WDT module requests
an internal reset, NMI, or OVF interrupt. The timing is shown in figure 10-5.
ø
TCNT
H'FF
H'00
Internal overflow
signal
OVF
Figure 10-5 Setting the OVF Bit
187
10.4 Usage Notes
10.4.1 Contention between TCNT Write and Increment
If a timer counter clock pulse is generated during the T3 state of a write cycle to the timer counter,
the write takes priority and the timer counter is not incremented. See figure 10-6.
Write cycle (CPU writes to TCNT)
T1
T2
T3
ø
TCNT address
Internal address bus
Internal write signal
TCNT clock pulse
TCNT
N
M
Counter write data
Figure 10-6 TCNT Write-Increment Contention
10.4.2 Changing the Clock Select Bits (CKS2 to CKS0)
Software should stop the watchdog timer (by clearing the TME bit to 0) before changing the value
of the clock select bits. If the clock select bits are modified while the watchdog timer is running, the
timer count may be incremented incorrectly.
10.4.3 Recovery from Software Standby Mode
TCSR bits, except bits 0–2, and the TCNT counter are reset when the chip recovers from software
standby mode. Re-initialize the watchdog timer as necessary to resume normal operation.
188
Section 11 Serial Communication Interface
11.1 Overview
The H8/3297 Series includes a serial communication interface (SCI) for transferring serial data to
and from other chips. Either synchronous or asynchronous communication can be selected.
11.1.1 Features
The features of the on-chip serial communication interface are:
•
Asynchronous mode
The H8/3297 Series can communicate with a UART (Universal Asynchronous
Receiver/Transmitter), ACIA (Asynchronous Communication Interface Adapter), or other chip
that employs standard asynchronous serial communication. It also has a multiprocessor
communication function for communication with other processors. Twelve data formats are
available.
—
—
—
—
—
—
•
Data length: 7 or 8 bits
Stop bit length: 1 or 2 bits
Parity: Even, odd, or none
Multiprocessor bit: 1 or 0
Error detection: Parity, overrun, and framing errors
Break detection: When a framing error occurs, the break condition can be detected by
reading the level of the RxD line directly.
Synchronous mode
The SCI can communicate with chips able to perform clocked synchronous data transfer.
— Data length: 8 bits
— Error detection: Overrun errors
•
Full duplex communication
The transmitting and receiving sections are independent, so each channel can transmit and
receive simultaneously. Both the transmit and receive sections use double buffering, so
continuous data transfer is possible in either direction.
•
Built-in baud rate generator
Any specified baud rate can be generated.
•
Internal or external clock source
The SCI can operate on an internal clock signal from the baud rate generator, or an external
clock signal input at the SCK pin.
•
Four interrupts
TDR-empty, TSR-empty, receive-end, and receive-error interrupts are requested independently.
189
11.1.2 Block Diagram
Bus interface
Figure 11-1 shows a block diagram of the serial communication interface.
Module data bus
RDR
SSR
TDR
Internal
data bus
BRR
SCR
SMR
RxD
TxD
RSR
TSR
Communication
control
Parity
generate
Internal clock
ø
øP/4
øP/16
øP/64
Baud rate
generator
Clock
Parity check
External clock source
SCK
RSR:
RDR:
TSR:
TDR:
SMR:
SCR:
SSR:
BRR:
TEI
TXI
RXI
ERI
Interrupt signals
Receive shift register (8 bits)
Receive data register (8 bits)
Transmit shift register (8 bits)
Transmit data register (8 bits)
Serial mode register (8 bits)
Serial control register (8 bits)
Serial status register (8 bits)
Bit rate register (8 bits)
Figure 11-1 Block Diagram of Serial Communication Interface
190
11.1.3 Input and Output Pins
Table 11-1 lists the input and output pins used by the SCI module.
Table 11-1 SCI Input/Output Pins
Name
Abbr.
I/O
Function
Serial clock input/output
SCK
Input/output
SCI clock input and output
Receive data input
RxD
Input
SCI receive data inp
Transmit data output
TxD
Output
SCI transmit data output
11.1.4 Register Configuration
Table 11-2 lists the SCI registers. These registers specify the operating mode (synchronous or
asynchronous), data format and bit rate, and control the transmit and receive sections.
Table 11-2 SCI Registers
Name
Abbr.
R/W
Value
Addres
Receive shift register
RSR
—
—
—
Receive data register
RDR
R
H'00
H'FFDD
Transmit shift register
TSR
—
—
—
Transmit data register
TDR
R/W
H'FF
H'FFDB
Serial mode register
SMR
R/W
H'00
H'FFD8
Serial control register
SCR
R/W
H'00
H'FFDA
Serial status register
SSR
R/(W)*
H'84
H'FFDC
Bit rate register
BRR
R/W
H'FF
H'FFD9
Serial/timer control register
STCR
R/W
H'F8
H'FFC3
Note: * Software can write a 0 to clear the flags in bits 7 to 3, but cannot write 1 in these bits.
191
11.2 Register Descriptions
11.2.1 Receive Shift Register (RSR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Read/Write
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
RSR is a shift register that converts incoming serial data to parallel data. When one data character
has been received, it is transferred to the receive data register (RDR).
The CPU cannot read or write RSR directly.
11.2.2 Receive Data Register (RDR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
RDR stores received data. As each character is received, it is transferred from RSR to RDR,
enabling RSR to receive the next character. This double-buffering allows the SCI to receive data
continuously.
RDR is a read-only register. RDR is initialized to H'00 at a reset and in the standby modes.
11.2.3 Transmit Shift Register (TSR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Read/Write
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
TSR is a shift register that converts parallel data to serial transmit data. When transmission of one
character is completed, the next character is moved from the transmit data register (TDR) to TSR
and transmission of that character begins. If the TDRE bit is still set to 1, however, nothing is
transferred to TSR.
The CPU cannot read or write TSR directly.
192
11.2.4 Transmit Data Register (TDR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
TDR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that holds the next data to be transmitted. When TSR
becomes empty, the data written in TDR is transferred to TSR. Continuous data transmission is
possible by writing the next data in TDR while the current data is being transmitted from TSR.
TDR is initialized to H'FF at a reset and in the standby modes.
11.2.5 Serial Mode Register (SMR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
C/A
CHR
PE
O/E
STOP
MP
CKS1
CKS0
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
SMR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that controls the communication format and selects the
clock source of the on-chip baud rate generator. It is initialized to H'00 at a reset and in the standby
modes. For further information on the SMR settings and communication formats, see tables 11-5
and 11-7 in section 11.3, Operation.
Bit 7—Communication Mode (C/A): This bit selects asynchronous or synchronous
communication mode.
Bit 7
C/A
Description
0
Asynchronous communication
1
Synchronous communication
(Initial value)
193
Bit 6—Character Length (CHR): This bit selects the character length in asynchronous mode.
It is ignored in synchronous mode.
Bit 6
CHR
Description
0
8 bits per character
1
7 bits per character (Bits 0 to 6 of TDR and RDR are used for transmitting and
receiving, respectively.)
(Initial value)
Bit 5—Parity Enable (PE): This bit selects whether to add a parity bit in asynchronous mode.
It is ignored in synchronous mode, and when a multiprocessor format is used.
Bit 5
PE
Description
0
Transmit: No parity bit is added.
(Initial value)
Receive: Parity is not checked.
1
Transmit: A parity bit is added.
Receive: Parity is checked.
Bit 4—Parity Mode (O/E ): In asynchronous mode, when parity is enabled (PE = 1), this bit
selects even or odd parity.
Even parity means that a parity bit is added to the data bits for each character to make the total
number of 1’s even. Odd parity means that the total number of 1’s is made odd.
This bit is ignored when PE = 0, or when a multiprocessor format is used. It is also ignored in
synchronous mode.
Bit 4
O/E
Description
0
Even parity
1
Odd parity
(Initial value)
194
Bit 3—Stop Bit Length (STOP): This bit selects the number of stop bits. It is ignored in
synchronous mode.
Bit 3
STOP
Description
0
One stop bit
Transmit: One stop bit is added.
Receive: One stop bit is checked to detect framing errors.
(Initial value)
1
Two stop bits
Transmit: Two stop bits are added.
Receive: The first stop bit is checked to detect framing errors. If the second stop bit is a
space (0), it is regarded as the next start bit.
Bit 2—Multiprocessor Mode (MP): This bit selects the multiprocessor format in asynchronous
communication. When multiprocessor format is selected, the parity settings of the parity enable bit
(PE) and parity mode bit (O/E) are ignored. The MP bit is ignored in synchronous communication.
The MP bit is valid only when the MPE bit in the serial/timer control register (STCR) is set to 1.
When the MPE bit is cleared to 0, the multiprocessor communication function is disabled regardless
of the setting of the MP bit.
Bit 2
MP
Description
0
Multiprocessor communication function is disabled.
1
Multiprocessor communication function is enabled.
(Initial value)
Bits 1 and 0—Clock Select 1 and 0 (CKS1 and CKS0): These bits select the clock source of the
on-chip baud rate generator.
Bit 1
CKS1
Bit 0
CKS0
Description
0
0
ø clock
0
1
øP/4 clock
1
0
øP/16 clock
1
1
øP/64 clock
(Initial value)
195
11.2.6 Serial Control Register (SCR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TIE
RIE
TE
RE
MPIE
TEIE
CKE1
CKE0
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
SCR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that enables or disables various SCI functions.
It is initialized to H'00 at a reset and in the standby modes.
Bit 7—Transmit Interrupt Enable (TIE): This bit enables or disables the TDR-empty interrupt
(TXI) requested when the transmit data register empty (TDRE) bit in the serial status register (SSR)
is set to 1.
Bit 7
TIE
Description
0
The TDR-empty interrupt request (TxI) is disabled.
1
The TDR-empty interrupt request (TxI) is enabled.
(Initial value)
Bit 6—Receive Interrupt Enable (RIE): This bit enables or disables the receive-end interrupt
(RXI) requested when the receive data register full (RDRF) bit in the serial status register (SSR) is
set to 1, and the receive error interrupt (ERI) requested when the overrun error (ORER), framing
error (FER), or parity error (PER) bit in the serial status register (SSR) is set to 1.
Bit 6
RIE
Description
0
The receive-end interrupt (RXI) and receive-error (ERI) requests are
disabled.
(Initial value)
1
The receive-end interrupt (RXI) and receive-error (ERI) requests are enabled.
Bit 5—Transmit Enable (TE): This bit enables or disables the transmit function. When the
transmit function is enabled, the TxD pin is automatically used for output. When the transmit
function is disabled, the TxD pin can be used as a general-purpose I/O port.
Bit 5
TE
Description
0
The transmit function is disabled.
The TxD pin can be used for general-purpose I/O.
1
The transmit function is enabled. The TxD pin is used for output.
196
(Initial value)
Bit 4—Receive Enable (RE): This bit enables or disables the receive function. When the receive
function is enabled, the RxD pin is automatically used for input. When the receive function is
disabled, the RxD pin is available as a general-purpose I/O port.
Bit 4
RE
Description
0
The receive function is disabled. The RxD pin can be
used for general-purpose I/O.
1
The receive function is enabled. The RxD pin is used for input.
(Initial value)
Bit 3—Multiprocessor Interrupt Enable (MPIE): When serial data is received in a
multiprocessor format, this bit enables or disables the receive-end interrupt (RXI) and receive-error
interrupt (ERI) until data with the multiprocessor bit set to 1 is received. It also enables or disables
the transfer of received data from RSR to RDR, and enables or disables setting of the RDRF, FER,
PER, and ORER bits in the serial status register (SSR).
The MPIE bit is ignored when the MP bit is cleared to 0, and in synchronous mode.
Clearing the MPIE bit to 0 disables the multiprocessor receive interrupt function. In this condition
data is received regardless of the value of the multiprocessor bit in the receive data.
Setting the MPIE bit to 1 enables the multiprocessor receive interrupt function. In this condition, if
the multiprocessor bit in the receive data is 0, the receive-end interrupt (RXI) and receive-error
interrupt (ERI) are disabled, the receive data is not transferred from RSR to RDR, and the RDRF,
FER, PER, and ORER bits in the serial status register (SSR) are not set. If the multiprocessor bit is
1, however, the MPB bit in SSR is set to 1, the MPIE bit is cleared to 0, the receive data is
transferred from RSR to RDR, the FER, PER, and ORER bits can be set, and the receive-end and
receive-error interrupts are enabled.
Bit 3
MPIE
Description
0
The multiprocessor receive interrupt function is disabled.
(Normal receive operation)
1
The multiprocessor receive interrupt function is enabled. During the interval before data
with the multiprocessor bit set to 1 is received, the receive interrupt request (RxI) and
receive-error interrupt request (ERI) are disabled, the RDRF, FER, PER, and ORER bits
are not set in the serial status register (SSR), and no data is transferred from the RSR to
the RDR. The MPIE bit is cleared at the following times:
(1) When 0 is written in MPIE.
(2) When data with the multiprocessor bit set to 1 is received.
197
(Initial value)
Bit 2—Transmit-End Interrupt Enable (TEIE): This bit enables or disables the TSR-empty
interrupt (TEI) requested when the transmit-end bit (TEND) in the serial status register (SSR) is set
to 1.
Bit 2
TEIE
Description
0
The TSR-empty interrupt request (TEI) is disabled.
1
The TSR-empty interrupt request (TEI) is enabled.
(Initial value)
Bit 1—Clock Enable 1 (CKE1): This bit selects the internal or external clock source for the baud
rate generator. When the external clock source is selected, the SCK pin is automatically used for
input of the external clock signal.
Bit 1
CKE1
Description
0
Internal clock source
When C/A = 1, the serial clock signal is output at the SCK pin.
When C/A = 0, output depends on the CKE0 bit.
1
External clock source. The SCK pin is used for input.
(Initial value)
Bit 0—Clock Enable 0 (CKE0): When an internal clock source is used in asynchronous mode,
this bit enables or disables serial clock output at the SCK pin.
This bit is ignored when the external clock is selected, or when synchronous mode is selected.
For further information on the communication format and clock source selection, see table 11-6 in
section 11.3, Operation.
Bit 0
CKE0
Description
0
The SCK pin is not used by the SCI (and is available as
a general-purpose I/O port).
1
The SCK pin is used for serial clock output.
198
(Initial value)
11.2.7 Serial Status Register (SSR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TDRE
RDRF
ORER
FER
PER
TEND
MPB
MPBT
Initial value
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
Read/Write
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R
R
R/W
Note: * Software can write a 0 to clear the flags, but cannot write a 1 in these bits.
SSR is an 8-bit register that indicates transmit and receive status. It is initialized to H'84 at a reset
and in the standby modes.
Bit 7—Transmit Data Register Empty (TDRE): This bit indicates when transmit data can safely
be written in TDR.
Bit 7
TDRE
Description
0
To clear TDRE, the CPU must read TDRE after it has been set to 1,
then write a 0 in this bit.
1
This bit is set to 1 at the following times:
(1) When TDR contents are transferred to TSR.
(2) When the TE bit in SCR is cleared to 0.
(Initial value)
Bit 6—Receive Data Register Full (RDRF): This bit indicates when one character has been
received and transferred to the RDR.
Bit 6
RDRF
Description
0
To clear RDRF, the CPU must read RDRF after it has been set to 1,
then write a 0 in this bit.
1
This bit is set to 1 when one character is received without error and
transferred from RSR to RDR.
199
(Initial value)
Bit 5—Overrun Error (ORER): This bit indicates an overrun error during reception.
Bit 5
ORER
Description
0
To clear ORER, the CPU must read ORER after it has been set to 1,
then write a 0 in this bit.
1
This bit is set to 1 if reception of the next character ends while
the receive data register is still full (RDRF = 1).
(Initial value)
Bit 4—Framing Error (FER): This bit indicates a framing error during data reception in
asynchronous mode. It has no meaning in synchronous mode.
Bit 4
FER
Description
0
To clear FER, the CPU must read FER after it has been set to 1,
then write a 0 in this bit.
1
This bit is set to 1 if a framing error occurs (stop bit = 0).
(Initial value)
Bit 3—Parity Error (PER): This bit indicates a parity error during data reception in the
asynchronous mode, when a communication format with parity bits is used.
This bit has no meaning in the synchronous mode, or when a communication format without parity
bits is used.
Bit 3
PER
Description
0
To clear PER, the CPU must read PER after it has been set to 1,
then write a 0 in this bit.
1
This bit is set to 1 when a parity error occurs (the parity of the received data does not
match the parity selected by the O/E bit in SMR).
200
(Initial value)
Bit 2—Transmit End (TEND): This bit indicates that the serial communication interface has
stopped transmitting because there was no valid data in the TDR when the last bit of the current
character was transmitted. The TEND bit is also set to 1 when the TE bit in the serial control
register (SCR) is cleared to 0.
The TEND bit is a read-only bit and cannot be modified directly. To use the TEI interrupt, first start
transmitting data, which clears TEND to 0, then set TEIE to 1.
Bit 2
TEND
Description
0
To clear TEND, the CPU must read TDRE after TDRE has
been set to 1, then write a 0 in TDRE
1
This bit is set to 1 when:
(1) TE = 0
(2) TDRE = 1 at the end of transmission of a character
(Initial value)
Bit 1—Multiprocessor Bit (MPB): Stores the value of the multiprocessor bit in data received in a
multiprocessor format in asynchronous communication mode. This bit retains its previous value in
synchronous mode, when a multiprocessor format is not used, or when the RE bit is cleared to 0
even if a multiprocessor format is used.
MPB can be read but not written.
Bit 1
MPB
Description
0
Multiprocessor bit = 0 in receive data.
1
Multiprocessor bit = 1 in receive data.
(Initial value)
Bit 0—Multiprocessor Bit Transfer (MPBT): Stores the value of the multiprocessor bit inserted
in transmit data when a multiprocessor format is used in asynchronous communication mode. The
MPBT bit is double-buffered in the same way as TSR and TDR. The MPBT bit has no effect in
synchronous mode, or when a multiprocessor format is not used.
Bit 0
MPBT
Description
0
Multiprocessor bit = 0 in transmit data.
1
Multiprocessor bit = 1 in transmit data.
201
(Initial value)
11.2.8 Bit Rate Register (BRR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
BRR is an 8-bit register that, together with the CKS1 and CKS0 bits in SMR, determines the baud
rate output by the baud rate generator.
BRR is initialized to H'FF by a reset and in the standby modes.
Tables 11-3 and 11-4 show examples of BRR settings.
Table 11-3 Examples of BRR Settings in Asynchronous Mode (When øP = ø)
ø Frequency (MHz)
2
2.097152
Bit Rate
n
N
Error
(%)
n
N
Error
(%)
110
1
141
+0.03
1
148
–0.04
150
1
103
+0.16
1
108
+0.21
300
0
207
+0.16
0
217
+0.21
600
0
103
+0.16
0
108
+0.21
1200
0
51
+0.16
0
54
–0.70
2400
0
25
+0.16
0
26
+1.14
4800
0
12
+0.16
0
13
–2.48
9600
—
—
—
0
6
–2.48
19200
—
—
—
—
—
—
31250
0
1
0
—
—
—
38400
—
—
—
—
—
—
Note: If possible, the error should be within 1%.
202
Table 11-3 Examples of BRR Settings in Asynchronous Mode (When øP = ø) (cont)
ø Frequency (MHz)
2.4576
3
3.6864
4
Bit Rate
n
N
Error
(%)
n
N
Error
(%)
n
N
Error
(%)
n
N
Error
(%)
110
1
174
–0.26
2
52
+0.50
2
64
+0.70
2
70
+0.03
150
1
127
0
1
155
+0.16
1
191
0
1
207
+0.16
300
0
255
0
1
77
+0.16
1
95
0
1
103
+0.16
600
0
127
0
0
155
+0.16
0
191
0
0
207
+0.16
1200
0
63
0
0
77
+0.16
0
95
0
0
103
+0.16
2400
0
31
0
0
38
+0.16
0
47
0
0
51
+0.16
4800
0
15
0
0
19
–2.34
0
23
0
0
25
+0.16
9600
0
7
0
0
9
–2.34
0
11
0
0
12
+0.16
19200
0
3
0
0
4
–2.34
0
5
0
—
—
—
31250
—
—
—
0
2
0
—
—
—
0
3
0
38400
0
1
0
—
—
—
0
2
0
—
—
—
Table 11-3 Examples of BRR Settings in Asynchronous Mode (When øP = ø) (cont)
ø Frequency (MHz)
4.9152
5
6
6.144
Bit Rate
n
N
Error
(%)
n
N
Error
(%)
n
N
Error
(%)
n
N
Error
(%)
110
2
86
+0.31
2
88
–0.25
2
106
–0.44
2
108
+0.08
150
1
255
0
2
64
+0.16
2
77
0
2
79
0
300
1
127
0
1
129
+0.16
1
155
0
1
159
0
600
0
255
0
1
64
+0.16
1
77
0
1
79
0
1200
0
127
0
0
129
+0.16
0
155
+0.16
0
159
0
2400
0
63
0
0
64
+0.16
0
77
+0.16
0
79
0
4800
0
31
0
0
32
–1.36
0
38
+0.16
0
39
0
9600
0
15
0
0
15
+1.73
0
19
–2.34
0
19
0
19200
0
7
0
0
7
+1.73
0
9
–2.34
0
4
0
31250
0
4
–1.70
0
4
0
0
5
0
0
5
+2.40
38400
0
3
0
0
3
+1.73
0
4
–2.34
0
4
0
Note: If possible, the error should be within 1%.
203
Table 11-3 Examples of BRR Settings in Asynchronous Mode (When øP = ø) (cont)
ø Frequency (MHz)
7.3728
8
9.8304
10
Bit Rate
n
N
Error
(%)
n
N
Error
(%)
n
N
Error
(%)
n
N
Error
(%)
110
2
130
–0.07
2
141
+0.03
2
174
–0.26
3
43
+0.88
150
2
95
0
2
103
+0.16
2
127
0
2
129
+0.16
300
1
191
0
1
207
+0.16
1
255
0
2
64
+0.16
600
1
95
0
1
103
+0.16
1
127
0
1
129
+0.16
1200
0
191
0
0
207
+0.16
0
255
0
1
64
+0.16
2400
0
95
0
0
103
+0.16
0
127
0
0
129
+0.16
4800
0
47
0
0
51
+0.16
0
63
0
0
64
+0.16
9600
0
23
0
0
25
+0.16
0
31
0
0
32
–1.36
19200
0
11
0
0
12
+0.16
0
15
0
0
15
+1.73
31250
—
—
—
0
7
0
0
9
–1.70
0
9
0
38400
0
5
0
—
—
—
0
7
0
0
7
+1.73
Table 11-3 Examples of BRR Settings in Asynchronous Mode (When øP = ø) (cont)
ø Frequency (MHz)
12
12.288
14.7456
16
Bit Rate
n
N
Error
(%)
n
N
Error
(%)
n
N
Error
(%)
n
N
Error
(%)
110
2
212
+0.03
2
217
+0.08
3
64
+0.76
3
70
+0.03
150
2
155
+0.16
2
159
0
2
191
0
2
207
+0.16
300
2
77
+0.16
2
79
0
2
95
0
2
103
+0.16
600
1
155
+0.16
1
159
0
1
191
0
1
207
+0.16
1200
1
77
+0.16
1
79
0
1
95
0
1
103
+0.16
2400
0
155
+0.16
0
159
0
0
191
0
0
207
+0.16
4800
0
77
+0.16
0
79
0
0
95
0
0
103
+0.16
9600
0
38
+0.16
0
39
0
0
47
0
0
51
+0.16
19200
0
19
–2.34
0
19
0
0
23
0
0
25
+0.16
31250
0
11
0
0
11
+2.4
0
14
–1.7
0
15
0
38400
0
9
–2.34
0
9
0
0
11
0
0
12
+0.16
Note: If possible, the error should be within 1%.
204
B = F × 106/[64 × 22n–1 × (N + 1)] → N = F × 106/[64 × 22n–1 × B] – 1
B:
N:
F:
n:
Baud rate (bits/second)
BRR value (0 ≤ N ≤ 255)
øP (MHz) when n ≠ 0, or ø (MHz) when n = 0
Internal clock source (0, 1, 2, or 3)
The meaning of n is given by the table below:
n
CKS1
CKS0
Clock
0
0
0
ø
1
0
1
øP/4
2
1
0
øP/16
3
1
1
øP/64
Bit rate error can be calculated with the formula below.
Error (%) =
{
F × 106
– 1 × 100
(N + 1) × B × 64 × 22n–1
}
205
Table 11-4 Examples of BRR Settings in Synchronous Mode (When øP = ø)
ø Frequency (MHz)
2
4
5
8
10
16
Bit Rate
n
N
n
N
n
N
n
N
n
N
n
N
100
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
250
2
124
2
249
—
—
3
124
—
—
3
249
500
1
249
2
124
—
—
2
249
—
—
3
124
1k
1
124
1
249
—
—
2
124
—
—
2
249
2.5 k
0
199
1
99
1
124
1
199
1
249
2
99
5k
0
99
0
199
0
249
1
99
1
124
1
199
10 k
0
49
0
99
0
124
0
199
0
249
1
99
25 k
0
19
0
39
0
49
0
79
0
99
0
159
50 k
0
9
0
19
0
24
0
39
0
49
0
79
100 k
0
4
0
9
—
—
0
19
0
24
0
39
250 k
0
1
0
3
0
4
0
7
0
9
0
15
500 k
0
0*
0
1
—
—
0
3
0
4
0
7
0
0*
—
—
0
1
—
—
0
3
0
0*
—
—
0
0*
1M
2.5 M
4M
Blank: No setting is available.
—: A setting is available, but the bit rate is inaccurate.
*: Continuous transfer is not possible.
B = F × 106/[8 × 22n × (N + 1)] → N = F × 106/[8 × 22n–1 × B] – 1
B:
N:
F:
n:
Baud rate (bits per second)
BRR value (0 ≤ N ≤ 255)
øP (MHz) when n ≠ 0, or ø (MHz) when n = 0
Internal clock source (0, 1, 2, or 3)
The meaning of n is given by the table below:
n
CKS1
CKS0
Clock
0
0
0
ø
1
0
1
øP/4
2
1
0
øP/16
3
1
1
øP/64
206
11.2.9 Serial/Timer Control Register (STCR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
—
MPE
ICKS1
ICKS0
Initial value
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
Read/Write
—
—
—
—
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
STCR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that controls the SCI operating mode and selects the
TCNT clock source in the 8-bit timers. STCR is initialized to H'F8 by a reset.
Bits 7 to 3—Reserved: These bits cannot be modified, and are always read as 1.
Bit 2—Multiprocessor Enable (MPE): Enables or disables the multiprocessor communication
function on channels SCI0 and SCI1.
Bit 2
MPE
Description
0
The multiprocessor communication function is disabled,
regardless of the setting of the MP bit in SMR.
(Initial value)
1
The multiprocessor communication function is enabled. The multi-processor format can
be selected by setting the MP bit in SMR to 1.
Bits 1 and 0—Internal Clock Source Select 1 and 0 (ICKS1, ICKS0): These bits select the clock
input to the timer counters (TCNT) in the 8-bit timers. For details, see section 9, 8-Bit Timers.
207
11.3 Operation
11.3.1 Overview
The SCI supports serial data transfer in two modes. In asynchronous mode each character is
synchronized individually. In synchronous mode communication is synchronized with a clock
signal.
The selection of asynchronous or synchronous mode and the communication format depend on
SMR settings as indicated in table 11-5. The clock source depends on the settings of the C/A bit in
the SMR and the CKE1 and CKE0 bits in SCR as indicated in table 11-6.
Asynchronous Mode
•
Data length: 7 or 8 bits can be selected.
•
A parity bit or multiprocessor bit can be added, and stop bit lengths of 1 or 2 bits can be
selected. (These selections determine the communication format and character length.)
•
Framing errors (FER), parity errors (PER), and overrun errors (ORER) can be detected in
receive data, and the line-break condition can be detected.
•
SCI clock source: an internal or external clock source can be selected.
•
Internal clock: The SCI is clocked by the on-chip baud rate generator and can output a clock
signal at the bit-rate frequency.
•
External clock: The external clock frequency must be 16 times the bit rate. (The on-chip baud
rate generator is not used.)
Synchronous Mode
•
Communication format: The data length is 8 bits.
•
Overrun errors (ORER) can be detected in receive data.
•
SCI clock source: an internal or external clock source can be selected.
•
Internal clock: The SCI is clocked by the on-chip baud rate generator and outputs a serial clock
signal to external devices.
•
External clock: The on-chip baud rate generator is not used. The SCI operates on the input
serial clock.
208
Table 11-5 Communication Formats Used by SCI
SMR Settings
Communication Format
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 2 Bit 5 Bit 3
C/A CHR MP
PE
STOP Mode
Data
Length
Multiprocessor
Bit
Parity
Bit
StopBit
Length
0
8 bits
None
None
1 bit
0
0
0
0
1
1
Asynchronous
mode
2 bits
0
Present
1
1
0
2 bits
0
7 bits
None
1
1
1
—
0
0
1
1
0
Present
—
—
—
—
Asynchronous
mode (multiprocessor
format)
8 bits
Present
None
7 bits
1 bit
2 bits
Synchronous
mode
8 bits
None
SCR
Serial Transmit/Receive Clock
Bit 7 Bit 1 Bit 0
C/A CKE1 CKE0
Mode
Clock Source
SCK Pin Function
0
Async
Internal
Input/output port (not used by SCI)
0
0
1
1
Serial clock output at bit rate
0
External
Serial clock input at 16 × bit rate
Internal
Serial clock output
External
Serial clock input
1
1
0
0
Sync
1
1
0
1 bit
2 bits
Table 11-6 SCI Clock Source Selection
SMR
1 bit
2 bits
1
1
1 bit
2 bits
1
0
1 bit
1
209
None
11.3.2 Asynchronous Mode
In asynchronous mode, each transmitted or received character is individually synchronized by
framing it with a start bit and stop bit.
Full duplex data transfer is possible because the SCI has independent transmit and receive sections.
Double buffering in both sections enables the SCI to be programmed for continuous data transfer.
Figure 11-2 shows the general format of one character sent or received in asynchronous mode. The
communication channel is normally held in the mark state (high). Character transmission or
reception starts with a transition to the space state (low).
The first bit transmitted or received is the start bit (low). It is followed by the data bits, in which the
least significant bit (LSB) comes first. The data bits are followed by the parity or multiprocessor bit,
if present, then the stop bit or bits (high) confirming the end of the frame.
In receiving, the SCI synchronizes on the falling edge of the start bit, and samples each bit at the
center of the bit (at the 8th cycle of the internal serial clock, which runs at 16 times the bit rate).
Idle state (mark)
"1"
(LSB)
"0"
D1
(MSB)
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
Start
bit
"1"
D7
0/1
"1"
"1"
Parity
bit
Stop bit
1 bit or no bit
1 or 2 bits
Transmit/receive data
1 bit
7 or 8 bits
One unit of data (one character or frame)
Figure 11-2 Data Format in Asynchronous Mode
(Example of 8-Bit Data with Parity Bit and Two Stop Bits)
210
(1) Data Format: Table 11-7 lists the data formats that can be sent and received in asynchronous
mode. Twelve formats can be selected by bits in the serial mode register (SMR).
Table 11-7 Data Formats in Asynchronous Mode
SMR Bits
CHR PE
MP
STOP
1
0
0
0
0
S
8-bit data
STOP
0
0
0
1
S
8-bit data
STOP STOP
0
1
0
0
S
8-bit data
P
STOP
0
1
0
1
S
8-bit data
P
STOP STOP
1
0
0
0
S
7-bit data
STOP
1
0
0
1
S
7-bit data
STOP STOP
1
1
0
0
S
7-bit data
P
STOP
1
1
0
1
S
7-bit data
P
STOP STOP
0
—
1
0
S
8-bit data
MPB STOP
0
—
1
1
S
8-bit data
MPB STOP STOP
1
—
1
0
S
7-bit data
MPB STOP
1
—
1
1
S
7-bit data
MPB STOP STOP
Notes:
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
SMR: Serial mode register
S: Start bit
STOP: Stop bit
P: Parity bit
MPB: Multiprocessor bit
(2) Clock: In asynchronous mode it is possible to select either an internal clock created by the onchip baud rate generator, or an external clock input at the SCK pin. The selection is made by the
C/A bit in the serial mode register (SMR) and the CKE1 and CKE0 bits in the serial control register
(SCR). Refer to table 11-6.
If an external clock is input at the SCK pin, its frequency should be 16 times the desired bit rate.
If the internal clock provided by the on-chip baud rate generator is selected and the SCK pin is used
for clock output, the output clock frequency is equal to the bit rate, and the clock pulse rises at the
center of the transmit data bits. Figure 11-3 shows the phase relationship between the output clock
and transmit data.
211
0
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
0/1
1
1
One frame
Figure 11-3 Phase Relationship between Clock Output and Transmit Data
(Asynchronous Mode)
(3) Transmitting and Receiving Data
• SCI Initialization: Before transmitting or receiving, software must clear the TE and RE bits to 0
in the serial control register (SCR), then initialize the SCI following the procedure in figure 11-4.
Note: When changing the communication mode or format, always clear the TE and RE bits to 0
before following the procedure given below. Clearing TE to 0 sets TDRE to 1 and initializes
the transmit shift register (TSR). Clearing RE to 0, however, does not initialize the RDRF,
PER, FER, and ORER flags and receive data register (RDR), which retain their previous
contents.
When an external clock is used, the clock should not be stopped during initialization or
subsequent operation. SCI operation becomes unreliable if the clock is stopped.
212
Initialization
1.
Select interrupts and the clock source in the
serial control register (SCR). Leave TE and RE
cleared to 0. If clock output is selected, in
asynchronous mode, clock output starts
immediately after the setting is made in SCR.
Clear TE and RE bits to
0 in SCR
2.
Set CKE1 and CKE0 bits in
SCR (leaving TE and RE
cleared to 0)
Select the communication format in the serial
mode register (SMR).
3.
Write the value corresponding to the bit rate in
the bit rate register (BRR). This step is not
necessary when an external clock is used.
2
Select communication
format in SMR
4.
3
Set value in BRR
Wait for at least the interval required to transmit
or receive one bit, then set TE or RE in the serial
control register (SCR). Setting TE or RE enables
the SCI to use the TxD or RxD pin.
Also set the RIE, TIE, TEIE, and MPIE bits as
necessary to enable interrupts. The initial states
are the mark transmit state, and the idle receive
state (waiting for a start bit).
1
1 bit interval
elapsed?
No
Note: In simultaneous transmit/receive operations, the TE and RE
bits should be set to 1 or cleared to 0 simultaneously.
Yes
4
Set TE or RE to 1 in SCR,
and set RIE, TIE, TEIE, and
MPIE as necessary
Start transmitting or receiving
Figure 11-4 Sample Flowchart for SCI Initialization
213
• Transmitting Serial Data: Follow the procedure in figure 11-5 for transmitting serial data.
1
Initialize
Start transmitting
2
1.
SCI initialization: the transmit data output function
of the TxD pin is selected automatically.
2.
SCI status check and transmit data write: read
the serial status register (SSR), check that the
TDRE bit is 1, then write transmit data in the
transmit data register (TDR) and clear TDRE to 0.
If a multiprocessor format is selected, after
writing the transmit data write 0 or 1 in the
multiprocessor bit transfer (MPBT) in SSR.
Transition of the TDRE bit from 0 to 1 can be
reported by an interrupt.
Read TDRE bit in SSR
No
TDRE = 1?
Yes
Write transmit data in TDR
If using multiprocessor format,
select MPBT value in SSR
Clear TDRE bit to 0
4.
Serial transmission
3
End of
transmission?
3. (a) To continue transmitting serial data: read the
TDRE bit to check whether it is safe to write; if
TDRE = 1, write data in TDR, then clear TDRE
to 0.
(b) To end serial transmission: end of transmission
can be confirmed by checking transition of the
TEND bit from 0 to 1. This can be reported by
a TEI interrupt.
No
To output a break signal at the end of serial
transmission: set the DDR bit to 1 and clear the
DR bit to 0 (DDR and DR are I/O port registers),
then clear TE to 0 in SCR.
Yes
Read TEND bit in SSR
TEND = 1?
No
Yes
4
Output break
signal?
No
Yes
Set DR = 0, DDR = 1
Clear TE bit in SCR to 0
End
Figure 11-5 Sample Flowchart for Transmitting Serial Data
214
In transmitting serial data, the SCI operates as follows.
1.
The SCI monitors the TDRE bit in SSR. When TDRE is cleared to 0 the SCI recognizes that
the transmit data register (TDR) contains new data, and loads this data from TDR into the
transmit shift register (TSR).
2.
After loading the data from TDR into TSR, the SCI sets the TDRE bit to 1 and starts
transmitting. If the TIE bit (TDR-empty interrupt enable) is set to 1 in SCR, the SCI requests a
TXI interrupt (TDR-empty interrupt) at this time.
Serial transmit data are transmitted in the following order from the TxD pin:
(a) Start bit: one 0 bit is output.
(b) Transmit data: seven or eight bits are output, LSB first.
(c) Parity bit or multiprocessor bit: one parity bit (even or odd parity) or one multiprocessor bit
is output. Formats in which neither a parity bit nor a multiprocessor bit is output can also
be selected.
(d) Stop bit: one or two 1 bits (stop bits) are output.
(e) Mark state: output of 1 bits continues until the start bit of the next transmit data.
3.
The SCI checks the TDRE bit when it outputs the stop bit. If TDRE is 0, after loading new data
from TDR into TSR and transmitting the stop bit, the SCI begins serial transmission of the next
frame. If TDRE is 1, after setting the TEND bit to 1 in SSR and transmitting the stop bit, the
SCI continues 1-level output in the mark state, and if the TEIE bit (TSR-empty interrupt
enable) in SCR is set to 1, the SCI generates a TEI interrupt request (TSR-empty interrupt).
215
Figure 11-6 shows an example of SCI transmit operation in asynchronous mode.
1
Start
bit
0
Parity Stop Start
bit
bit bit
Data
D0
D1
D7
0/1
1
0
Parity Stop
bit
bit
Data
D0
D1
D7
0/1
1
TDRE
TEND
TXI
TXI interrupt handler
request writes data in TDR and
clears TDRE to 0
TXI
request
TEI request
1 frame
Figure 11-6 Example of SCI Transmit Operation
(8-Bit Data with Parity and One Stop Bit)
216
1
Mark (idle)
state
• Receiving Serial Data: Follow the procedure in figure 11-7 for receiving serial data.
1
Initialize
1. SCI initialization: the receive data function of the RxD
pin is selected automatically.
Start receiving
2
2. To continue receiving serial data: read RDR and
clear RDRF to 0 before the stop bit of the current
frame is received.
Read ORER, PER, and
FER in SSR
PER ∨ RER ∨
ORER = 1?
Yes
No
3
4
Read RDRF bit in SSR
RDRF = 1?
3. SCI status check and receive data read: read the
serial status register (SSR), check that RDRF is set
to 1, then read receive data from the receive data
register (RDR) and clear RDRF to 0. Transition of
the RDRF bit from 0 to 1 can be reported by an RXI
interrupt.
Error handling
No
Yes
Read receive data from RDR,
and clear RDRF bit to 0
in SSR
Finished
receiving?
4. Receive error handling and break detection: if a
receive error occurs, read the ORER, PER, and
FER bits in SSR to identify the error. After executing
the necessary error handling, clear ORER, PER, and
FER all to 0. Transmitting and receiving cannot
resume if ORER, PER, or FER remains set to 1.
When a framing error occurs, the RxD pin can be
read to detect the break state.
No
Yes
Clear RE to 0 in SCR
End
Start error handling
FER = 1?
No
Discriminate and
process error, and
clear flags
Yes
Yes
Break?
No
Clear RE to 0
in SCR
End
Return
Figure 11-7 Sample Flowchart for Receiving Serial Data
217
In receiving, the SCI operates as follows.
1.
The SCI monitors the receive data line and synchronizes internally when it detects a start bit.
2.
Receive data is shifted into RSR in order from LSB to MSB.
3.
The parity bit and stop bit are received.
After receiving these bits, the SCI makes the following checks:
(a) Parity check: the number of 1s in the receive data must match the even or odd parity setting
of the O/E bit in SMR.
(b) Stop bit check: the stop bit value must be 1. If there are two stop bits, only the first stop bit
is checked.
(c) Status check: RDRF must be 0 so that receive data can be loaded from RSR into RDR.
If these checks all pass, the SCI sets RDRF to 1 and stores the received data in RDR. If one of the
checks fails (receive error), the SCI operates as indicated in table 11-8.
Note: When a receive error flag is set, further receiving is disabled. The RDRF bit is not set to 1.
Be sure to clear the error flags.
4.
After setting RDRF to 1, if the RIE bit (receive-end interrupt enable) is set to 1 in SCR, the SCI
requests an RXI (receive-end) interrupt. If one of the error flags (ORER, PER, or FER) is set to
1 and the RIE bit in SCR is also set to 1, the SCI requests an ERI (receive-error) interrupt.
218
Figure 11-8 shows an example of SCI receive operation in asynchronous mode.
Table 11-8 Receive Error Conditions and SCI Operation
Receive error
Abbreviation
Condition
Data Transfer
Overrun error
ORER
Receiving of next data ends
while RDRF is still set to 1
in SSR
Receive data not loaded from
RSR into RDR
Framing error
FER
Stop bit is 0
Receive data loaded from
RSR into RDR
Parity error
PER
Parity of receive data differs
from even/odd parity setting
in SMR
Receive data loaded from
RSR into RDR
1
Start
bit
0
Parity Stop Start
bit
bit bit
Data
D0
D1
D7
0/1
1
0
Parity Stop
bit
bit
Data
D0
D1
D7
0/1
0
1
Mark (idle)
state
RDRF
FER
RXI
request
1 frame
RXI interrupt handler
reads data in RDR and
clears RDRF to 0
Framing error,
ERI request
Figure 11-8 Example of SCI Receive Operation (8-Bit Data with Parity and One Stop Bit)
219
(4) Multiprocessor Communication
The multiprocessor communication function enables several processors to share a single serial
communication line. The processors communicate in asynchronous mode using a format with an
additional multiprocessor bit (multiprocessor format).
In multiprocessor communication, each receiving processor is addressed by an ID.
A serial communication cycle consists of two cycles: an ID-sending cycle that identifies the
receiving processor, and a data-sending cycle. The multiprocessor bit distinguishes ID-sending
cycles from data-sending cycles.
The transmitting processor starts by sending the ID of the receiving processor with which it wants to
communicate as data with the multiprocessor bit set to 1. Next the transmitting processor sends
transmit data with the multiprocessor bit cleared to 0.
Receiving processors skip incoming data until they receive data with the multiprocessor bit set to 1.
After receiving data with the multiprocessor bit set to 1, the receiving processor with an ID
matching the received data continues to receive further incoming data. Multiple processors can send
and receive data in this way.
Four formats are available. Parity-bit settings are ignored when a multiprocessor format is selected.
For details see table 11-7.
220
Transmitting
processor
Serial communication line
Receiving
processor A
Receiving
processor B
Receiving
processor C
Receiving
processor D
(ID = 01)
(ID = 02)
(ID = 03)
(ID = 04)
Serial data
H'01
H'AA
(MPB = 1)
(MPB = 0)
ID-sending cycle:
receiving processor address
Data-sending cycle:
data sent to receiving
processor specified by ID
MPB: multiprocessor bit
Figure 11-9 Example of Communication among Processors using Multiprocessor Format
(Sending Data H'AA to Receiving Processor A)
221
• Transmitting Multiprocessor Serial Data: See figures 11-5 and 11-6.
• Receiving Multiprocessor Serial Data: Follow the procedure in figure 11-10 for receiving
multiprocessor serial data.
1
2
Initialize
1.
SCI initialization: the receive data function of the RxD pin is
selected automatically.
Start receiving
2.
ID receive cycle: Set the MPIE bit in the serial control register
(SCR) to 1.
3.
SCI status check and ID check: read the serial status register
(SSR), check that RDRF is set to 1, then read receive data
from the receive data register (RDR) and compare with the
processor’s own ID. Transition of the RDRF bit from 0 to
1 can be reported by an RXI interrupt. If the ID does not match
the receive data, set MPIE to 1 again and clear RDRF to 0.
If the ID matches the receive data, clear RDRF to 0.
4.
SCI status check and data receiving: read SSR, check that
RDRF is set to 1, then read data from the receive data register
(RDR) and write 0 in the RDRF bit. Transition of the RDRF bit
from 0 to 1 can be reported by an RXI interrupt.
5.
Receive error handling and break detection: if a receive error
occurs, read the ORER and FER bits in SSR to identify the error.
After executing the necessary error handling, clear both ORER
and FER to 0. Receiving cannot resume while ORER or FER
remains set to 1. When a framing error occurs, the RxD pin
can be read to detect the break state.
Set MPIE bit to 1 in SCR
Read ORER and FER
bits in SSR
FER ∨
ORER = 1?
Yes
No
3
Read RDRF bit in SSR
No
RDRF = 1?
Yes
Read receive data from RDR
Own ID?
No
Yes
Read ORER and FER
bits in SSR
FER +
ORER = 1?
Yes
No
4
Read RDRF bit in SSR
RDRF = 1?
No
Start error handling
Yes
Read receive data from RDR
5
FER = 1?
Error handling
Finished
receiving?
No
No
Clear RE to 0 in SCR
Discriminate and
process error, and
clear flags
End
Return
Yes
Yes
Break?
Yes
No
Clear RE bit to
0 in SCR
End
Figure 11-10 Sample Flowchart for Receiving Multiprocessor Serial Data
222
Figure 11-11 shows an example of an SCI receive operation using a multiprocessor format (8-bit
data with multiprocessor bit and one stop bit).
1
Start
bit
0
Stop Start
MPB bit bit
Data (ID1)
D0
D1
D7
1
1
0
Data (Data1)
D0
D1
D7
Stop
MPB bit
0
1
1
Mark (idle)
state
MPIE
RDRF
RDR value
ID1
MPB detection
(MPIE=0)
RXI request RXI handler reads
RDR data and clears
RDRF to 0
Not own ID, so
MPIE is set to
1 again
No RXI request,
RDR not updated
(Multiprocessor interrupt)
(a) Own ID does not match data
1
Start
bit
0
Stop Start
MPB bit bit
Data (ID2)
D0
D1
D7
1
1
0
Data (Data2)
D0
D1
D7
Stop
MPB bit
0
1
1
Mark (idle)
state
MPIE
RDRF
RDR value
ID2
MPB detection
(MPIE=0)
RXI request RXI handler reads
Own ID, so receiving
RDR data and clears continues, with data
RDRF to 0
received at each RXI
(Multiprocessor interrupt)
(b) Own ID matches data
Figure 11-11 Example of SCI Receive Operation
(8-Bit Data with Multiprocessor Bit and One Stop Bit)
223
Data 2
MPIE set to
1 again
11.3.3 Synchronous Mode
(1) Overview: In synchronous mode, the SCI transmits and receives data in synchronization with
clock pulses. This mode is suitable for high-speed serial communication.
The SCI transmitter and receiver share the same clock but are otherwise independent, so full duplex
communication is possible. The transmitter and receiver are also double buffered, so continuous
transmitting or receiving is possible by reading or writing data while transmitting or receiving is in
progress.
Figure 11-12 shows the general format in synchronous serial communication.
One unit (character or frame) of serial data
*
*
Serial clock
LSB
Serial data
Bit 0
MSB
Bit 1
Bit 2
Bit 3
Bit 4
Bit 5
Bit 6
Bit 7
Don’t care
Don’t care
Note: * High except in continuous transmitting or receiving
Figure 11-12 Data Format in Synchronous Communication
In synchronous serial communication, each data bit is sent on the communication line from one
falling edge of the serial clock to the next. Data is received in synchronization with the rising edge
of the serial clock.
In each character, the serial data bits are transmitted in order from LSB (first) to MSB (last). After
output of the MSB, the communication line remains in the state of the MSB.
224
• Communication Format: The data length is fixed at eight bits. No parity bit or multiprocessor
bit can be added.
• Clock: An internal clock generated by the on-chip baud rate generator or an external clock input
from the SCK pin can be selected by clearing or setting the CKE1 bit in the serial control register
(SCR). See table 11-6.
When the SCI operates on an internal clock, it outputs the clock signal at the SCK pin. Eight clock
pulses are output per transmitted or received character. When the SCI is not transmitting or
receiving, the clock signal remains at the high level.
(2) Transmitting and Receiving Data
• SCI Initialization: The SCI must be initialized in the same way as in asynchronous mode. See
figure 11-4. When switching from asynchronous mode to synchronous mode, check that the ORER,
FER, and PER bits are cleared to 0. Transmitting and receiving cannot begin if ORER, FER, or PER
is set to 1.
225
• Transmitting Serial Data: Follow the procedure in figure 11-13 for transmitting serial data.
1
Initialize
Start transmitting
2
1.
SCI initialization: the transmit data output function
of the TxD pin is selected automatically.
2.
SCI status check and transmit data write: read
the serial status register (SSR), check that the
TDRE bit is 1, then write transmit data in the
transmit data register (TDR) and clear TDRE to 0.
Transition of the TDRE bit from 0 to 1 can be
reported by a TXI interrupt.
Read TDRE bit in SSR
No
TDRE = 1?
Yes
Write transmit data in
TDR and clear TDRE bit to
0 in SSR
3. (a) To continue transmitting serial data: read the
TDRE bit to check whether it is safe to write; if
TDRE = 1, write data in TDR, then clear TDRE
to 0.
(b) To end serial transmission: end of transmission
can be confirmed by checking transition of the
TEND bit from 0 to 1. This can be reported by
a TEI interrupt.
Serial transmission
3
End of
transmission?
No
Yes
Read TEND bit in SSR
TEND = 1?
No
Yes
Clear TE bit to 0 in SCR
End
Figure 11-13 Sample Flowchart for Serial Transmitting
226
In transmitting serial data, the SCI operates as follows.
1.
The SCI monitors the TDRE bit in SSR. When TDRE is cleared to 0 the SCI recognizes that
the transmit data register (TDR) contains new data, and loads this data from TDR into the
transmit shift register (TSR).
2.
After loading the data from TDR into TSR, the SCI sets the TDRE bit to 1 and starts
transmitting. If the TIE bit (TDR-empty interrupt enable) in SCR is set to 1, the SCI requests a
TXI interrupt (TDR-empty interrupt) at this time.
If clock output is selected the SCI outputs eight serial clock pulses, triggered by the clearing of
the TDRE bit to 0. If an external clock source is selected, the SCI outputs data in
synchronization with the input clock.
Data is output from the TxD pin in order from LSB (bit 0) to MSB (bit 7).
3.
The SCI checks the TDRE bit when it outputs the MSB (bit 7). If TDRE is 0, the SCI loads data
from TDR into TSR, then begins serial transmission of the next frame. If TDRE is 1, the SCI
sets the TEND bit in SSR to 1, transmits the MSB, then holds the output in the MSB state. If
the TEIE bit (transmit-end interrupt enable) in SCR is set to 1, a TEI interrupt (TSR-empty
interrupt) is requested at this time.
4.
After the end of serial transmission, the SCK pin is held at the high level.
227
Figure 11-14 shows an example of SCI transmit operation.
Serial clock
Serial data
Bit 0
Bit 1
Bit 7
Bit 0
Bit 1
Bit 6
Bit 7
TDRE
TEND
TXI
request
TXI interrupt
TXI
handler writes request
data in TDR and
clears TDRE to 0
1 frame
Figure 11-14 Example of SCI Transmit Operation
228
TEI
request
• Receiving Serial Data: Follow the procedure in figure 11-15 for receiving serial data. When
switching from asynchronous mode to synchronous mode, be sure to check that PER and FER are
cleared to 0. If PER or FER is set to 1 the RDRF bit will not be set and both transmitting and
receiving will be disabled.
1
Initialize
1.
SCI initialization: the receive data function of the
RxD pin is selected automatically.
Start receiving
2.
Receive error handling: if a receive error occurs,
read the ORER bit in SSR then, after executing
the necessary error handling, clear ORER to 0.
Neither transmitting nor receiving can resume
while ORER remains set to 1. When clock
output mode is selected, receiving can be halted
temporarily by receiving one dummy byte and
causing an overrun error. When preparations
to receive the next data are completed, clear
the ORER bit to 0. This causes receiving to
resume, so return to the step marked 2 in the
flowchart.
Read ORER bit in SSR
Yes
ORER = 1?
No
3
2
Error handling
Read RDRF in SSR
RDRF = 1?
3.
SCI status check and receive data read: read
the serial status register (SSR), check that
RDRF is set to 1, then read receive data from
the receive data register (RDR) and clear RDRF
to 0. Transition of the RDRF bit from 0 to 1
can be reported by an RXI interrupt.
4.
To continue receiving serial data: read RDR and
clear RDRF to 0 before the MSB (bit 7) of the
current frame is received.
No
Yes
4
Read receive data
from RDR, and clear
RDRF bit to 0 in SSR
Finished
receiving?
No
Yes
Clear RE to 0 in SCR
End
Start error handling
Overrun error handling
Clear ORER to 0 in SSR
Return
Figure 11-15 Sample Flowchart for Serial Receiving
229
In receiving, the SCI operates as follows.
1.
If an external clock is selected, data is input in synchronization with the input clock. If clock
output is selected, as soon as the RE bit is set to 1 the SCI begins outputting the serial clock and
inputting data. If clock output is stopped because the ORER bit is set to 1, output of the serial
clock and input of data resume as soon as the ORER bit is cleared to 0.
2.
Receive data is shifted into RSR in order from LSB to MSB.
After receiving the data, the SCI checks that RDRF is 0 so that receive data can be loaded from
RSR into RDR. If this check passes, the SCI sets RDRF to 1 and stores the received data in
RDR. If the check does not pass (receive error), the SCI operates as indicated in
table 11-8.
Note: Both transmitting and receiving are disabled while a receive error flag is set. The RDRF
bit is not set to 1. Be sure to clear the error flag.
3.
After setting RDRF to 1, if the RIE bit (receive-end interrupt enable) is set to 1 in SCR, the SCI
requests an RXI (receive-end) interrupt. If the ORER bit is set to 1 and the RIE bit in SCR is set
to 1, the SCI requests an ERI (receive-error) interrupt.
When clock output mode is selected, clock output stops when the RE bit is cleared to 0 or the
ORER bit is set to 1. To prevent clock count errors, it is safest to receive one dummy byte and
generate an overrun error.
230
Figure 11-16 shows an example of SCI receive operation.
Serial clock
Serial data
Bit 0
Bit 1
Bit 7
Bit 0
Bit 1
Bit 6
Bit 7
RDRF
ORER
RXI
request
RXI interrupt
handler reads
data in RDR and
clears RDRF to 0
RXI
request
1 frame
Figure 11-16 Example of SCI Receive Operation
231
Overrun error,
ERI request
• Transmitting and Receiving Serial Data Simultaneously: Follow the procedure in figure
11-17 for transmitting and receiving serial data simultaneously. If clock output mode is selected,
output of the serial clock begins simultaneously with serial transmission.
Initialize
1
1.
SCI initialization: the transmit data output function of
the TxD pin and receive data input function of the
RxD pin are selected, enabling simultaneous
transmitting and receiving.
2.
SCI status check and transmit data write: read the
serial status register (SSR), check that the TDRE bit
is 1, then write transmit data in the transmit data
register (TDR) and clear TDRE to 0. Transition of the
TDRE bit from 0 to 1 can be reported by a TXI interrupt.
3.
SCI status check and receive data read: read the
serial status register (SSR), check that the RDRF
bit is 1, then read receive data from the receive data
register (RDR) and clear RDRF to 0. Transition of
the RDRF bit from 0 to 1 can be reported by an RXI
interrupt.
4.
Receive error handling: if a receive error occurs, read
the ORER bit in SSR then, after executing the
necessary error handling, clear ORER to 0. Neither
transmitting nor receiving can resume while ORER
remains set to 1.
Start
Read TDRE bit in SSR
2
No
TDRE = 1?
Yes
3
Write transmit data
in TDR and clear TDRE
bit to 0 in SSR
Read ORER bit in SSR
ORER = 1?
Yes
No
4
Error handling
Read RDRF bit in SSR
5.
No
RDRF = 1?
Yes
5
Read receive data
from RDR and clear
RDRF bit to 0 in SSR
End of
transmitting and receiving?
To continue transmitting and receiving serial data:
read RDR and clear RDRF to 0 before the MSB
(bit 7) of the current frame is received. Also read the
TDRE bit and check that it is set to 1, indicating that
it is safe to write; then write data in TDR and clear
TDRE to 0 before the MSB (bit 7) of the current frame
is transmitted.
No
Yes
Clear TE and RE bits
to 0 in SCR
End
Figure 11-17 Sample Flowchart for Serial Transmitting and Receiving
Note: In switching from transmitting or receiving to simultaneous transmitting and receiving, clear
both TE and RE to 0, then set both TE and RE to 1 at the same time.
232
11.4 Interrupts
The SCI can request four types of interrupts: ERI, RXI, TXI, and TEI. Table 11-9 indicates the
source and priority of these interrupts. The interrupt sources can be enabled or disabled by the TIE,
RIE, and TEIE bits in the SCR. Independent signals are sent to the interrupt controller for each
interrupt source, except that the receive-error interrupt (ERI) is the logical OR of three sources:
overrun error, framing error, and parity error.
The TXI interrupt indicates that the next transmit data can be written. The TEI interrupt indicates
that the SCI has stopped transmitting data.
Table 11-9 SCI Interrupt Sources
Interrupt
Description
Priority
ERI
Receive-error interrupt (ORER, FER, or PER)
High
RxI
Receive-end interrupt (RDRF)
TxI
TDR-empty interrupt (TDRE)
TEI
TSR-empty interrupt (TEND)
Low
11.5 Usage Notes
Application programmers should note the following features of the SCI.
(1) TDR Write: The TDRE bit in SSR is simply a flag that indicates that the TDR contents have
been transferred to TSR. The TDR contents can be rewritten regardless of the TDRE value. If a new
byte is written in TDR while the TDRE bit is 0, before the old TDR contents have been moved into
TSR, the old byte will be lost. Software should check that the TDRE bit is set to 1 before writing to
TDR.
(2) Multiple Receive Errors: Table 11-10 lists the values of flag bits in the SSR when multiple
receive errors occur, and indicates whether the RSR contents are transferred to RDR.
233
Table 11-10 SSR Bit States and Data Transfer when Multiple Receive Errors Occur
SSR Bits
Receive error
RDRF
ORER
FER
PER
RSR →
RDR*2
Overrun error
1*1
1
0
0
No
Framing error
0
0
1
0
Yes
Parity error
0
0
0
1
Yes
Overrun and framing errors
1*1
1
1
0
No
Overrun and parity errors
1*1
1
0
1
No
Framing and parity errors
0
0
1
1
Yes
Overrun, framing, and parity errors
1*1
1
1
1
No
Notes: 1. Set to 1 before the overrun error occurs.
2. Yes: The RSR contents are transferred to RDR.
No: The RSR contents are not transferred to RDR.
(3) Line Break Detection: When the RxD pin receives a continuous stream of 0’s in asynchronous
mode (line-break state), a framing error occurs because the SCI detects a 0 stop bit. The value H'00
is transferred from RSR to RDR. Software can detect the line-break state as a framing error
accompanied by H'00 data in RDR.
The SCI continues to receive data, so if the FER bit is cleared to 0 another framing error will occur.
(4) Sampling Timing and Receive Margin in Asynchronous Mode: The serial clock used by the
SCI in asynchronous mode runs at 16 times the baud rate. The falling edge of the start bit is detected
by sampling the RxD input on the falling edge of this clock. After the start bit is detected, each bit
of receive data in the frame (including the start bit, parity bit, and stop bit or bits) is sampled on the
rising edge of the serial clock pulse at the center of the bit. See figure 11-18.
It follows that the receive margin can be calculated as in equation (1).
When the absolute frequency deviation of the clock signal is 0 and the clock duty cycle is 0.5, data
can theoretically be received with distortion up to the margin given by equation (2). This is a
theoretical limit, however. In practice, system designers should allow a margin of 20% to 30%.
234
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1516 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1314 15 16 1 2 3 4 5
Basic
clock
–7.5 pulses
Receive
data
+7.5 pulses
D0
Start bit
D1
Sync
sampling
Data
sampling
Figure 11-18 Sampling Timing (Asynchronous Mode)
M = {(0.5 – 1/2N) – (D – 0.5)/N – (L – 0.5)F} × 100 [%]
M:
N:
D:
L:
F:
(1)
Receive margin
Ratio of basic clock to baud rate (N=16)
Duty factor of clock—ratio of high pulse width to low width (0.5 to 1.0)
Frame length (9 to 12)
Absolute clock frequency deviation
When D = 0.5 and F = 0
M = (0.5 –1/2 × 16) × 100 [%] = 46.875%
235
(2)
Section 12 A/D Converter
12.1 Overview
The H8/3297 includes a 10-bit successive-approximations A/D converter with a selection of up to
eight analog input channels.
12.1.1 Features
A/D converter features are listed below.
•
10-bit resolution
•
Eight input channels
•
High-speed conversion
Conversion time: minimum 8.4 µs per channel (with 16-MHz system clock)
•
Two conversion modes
Single mode: A/D conversion of one channel
Scan mode: continuous conversion on one to four channels
•
Four 16-bit data registers
A/D conversion results are transferred for storage into data registers corresponding to the
channels.
•
Sample-and-hold function
•
A/D conversion can be externally triggered
•
A/D interrupt requested at end of conversion
At the end of A/D conversion, an A/D end interrupt (ADI) can be requested.
237
12.1.2 Block Diagram
Figure 12-1 shows a block diagram of the A/D converter.
Internal
data bus
AVSS
AN0
AN5
ADCR
ADCSR
ADDRD
ADDRC
–
AN2
AN4
ADDRB
+
AN1
AN3
ADDRA
10-bit D/A
Successiveapproximations register
AVCC
Bus interface
Module data bus
Analog
multiplexer
øP/8
Comparator
Control circuit
Sample-andhold circuit
øP/16
AN6
AN7
ADI
interrupt
signal
ADTRG
Legend
ADCR:
ADCSR:
ADDRA:
ADDRB:
ADDRC:
ADDRD:
A/D control register
A/D control/status register
A/D data register A
A/D data register B
A/D data register C
A/D data register D
Figure 12-1 A/D Converter Block Diagram
238
12.1.3 Input Pins
Table 12-1 lists the A/D converter’s input pins. The eight analog input pins are divided into two
groups: group 0 (AN0 to AN3), and group 1 (AN4 to AN7). AVCC and AVSS are the power supply
for the analog circuits in the A/D converter.
Table 12-1 A/D Converter Pins
Pin Name
Abbreviation
I/O
Function
Analog power supply pin
AVCC
Input
Analog power supply
Analog ground pin
AVSS
Input
Analog ground and reference voltage
Analog input pin 0
AN0
Input
Group 0 analog inputs
Analog input pin 1
AN1
Input
Analog input pin 2
AN2
Input
Analog input pin 3
AN3
Input
Analog input pin 4
AN4
Input
Analog input pin 5
AN5
Input
Analog input pin 6
AN6
Input
Analog input pin 7
AN7
Input
A/D external trigger input pin
ADTRG
Input
239
Group 1 analog inputs
External trigger input for starting
A/D conversion
12.1.4 Register Configuration
Table 12-2 summarizes the A/D converter’s registers.
Table 12-2 A/D Converter Registers
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address
A/D data register A (high)
ADDRAH
R
H'00
H'FFE0
A/D data register A (low)
ADDRAL
R
H'00
H'FFE1
A/D data register B (high)
ADDRBH
R
H'00
H'FFE2
A/D data register B (low)
ADDRBL
R
H'00
H'FFE3
A/D data register C (high)
ADDRCH
R
H'00
H'FFE4
A/D data register C (low)
ADDRCL
R
H'00
H'FFE5
A/D data register D (high)
ADDRDH
R
H'00
H'FFE6
A/D data register D (low)
ADDRDL
R
H'00
H'FFE7
A/D control/status register
ADCSR
R/W*
H'00
H'FFE8
A/D control register
ADCR
R/W
H'7F
H'FFE9
Note: * Only 0 can be written in bit 7, to clear the flag.
240
12.2 Register Descriptions
12.2.1 A/D Data Registers A to D (ADDRA to ADDRD)
Bit
15
14
5
4
3
2
1
0
AD9 AD8 AD7 AD6 AD5 AD4 AD3 AD2 AD1 AD0 —
—
—
—
—
—
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Bits 15 to 6—A/D Conversion Data (AD9 to AD0): 10-bit data giving an A/D conversion result.
Bits 5 to 0—Reserved: These bits cannot be modified and are always read as 0.
The four A/D data registers (ADDRA to ADDRD) are 16-bit read-only registers that store the
results of A/D conversion.
An A/D conversion produces 10-bit data, which is transferred for storage into the A/D data register
corresponding to the selected channel. The upper 8 bits of the result are stored in the upper byte of
the A/D data register. The lower 2 bits are stored in the lower byte. Bits 5 to 0 of an A/D data
register are reserved bits that always read 0. Table 12-3 indicates the pairings of analog input
channels and A/D data registers.
The CPU can always read and write the A/D data registers. The upper byte can be read directly, but
the lower byte is read through a temporary register (TEMP). For details see section 12.3, CPU
Interface.
The A/D data registers are initialized to H'0000 by a reset and in standby mode.
Table 12-3 Analog Input Channels and A/D Data Registers
Analog Input Channel
Group 0
Group 1
A/D Data Register
AN0
AN4
ADDRA
AN1
AN5
ADDRB
AN2
AN6
ADDRC
AN3
AN7
ADDRD
241
12.2.2 A/D Control/Status Register (ADCSR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ADF
ADIE
ADST
SCAN
CKS
CH2
CH1
CH0
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/(W)*
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Note: * Only 0 can be written, to clear the flag.
ADCSR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that selects the mode and controls the A/D converter.
ADCSR is initialized to H'00 by a reset and in standby mode.
Bit 7—A/D End Flag (ADF): Indicates the end of A/D conversion.
Bit 7
ADF
Description
0
[Clearing condition]
Cleared by reading ADF while ADF = 1, then writing 0 in ADF
1
[Setting conditions]
1. Single mode: A/D conversion ends
2. Scan mode: A/D conversion ends in all selected channels
(Initial value)
Bit 6—A/D Interrupt Enable (ADIE): Enables or disables the interrupt (ADI) requested at the end
of A/D conversion.
Bit 6
ADIE
Description
0
A/D end interrupt request (ADI) is disabled
1
A/D end interrupt request (ADI) is enabled
(Initial value)
Bit 5—A/D Start (ADST): Starts or stops A/D conversion. The ADST bit remains set to 1 during
A/D conversion. It can also be set to 1 by external trigger input at the ADTRG pin.
Bit 5
ADST
Description
0
A/D conversion is stopped
1
1. Single mode: A/D conversion starts; ADST is automatically cleared to 0 when
conversion ends
2. Scan mode: A/D conversion starts and continues, cycling among the selected
channels, until ADST is cleared to 0 by software, by a reset, or by a transition to
standby mode
(Initial value)
242
Bit 4—Scan Mode (SCAN): Selects single mode or scan mode. For further information on
operation in these modes, see section 12.4, Operation. Clear the ADST bit to 0 before switching the
conversion mode.
Bit 4
SCAN
Description
0
Single mode
1
Scan mode
(Initial value)
Bit 3—Clock Select (CKS): Selects the A/D conversion time. When øP = ø/2, the conversion time
doubles. Clear the ADST bit to 0 before switching the conversion time.
Bit 3
CKS
Description
0
Conversion time = 266 states (maximum) (when øP = ø)
1
Conversion time = 134 states (maximum) (when øP = ø)
(Initial value)
Bits 2 to 0—Channel Select 2 to 0 (CH2 to CH0): These bits and the SCAN bit select the analog
input channels. Clear the ADST bit to 0 before changing the channel selection.
Group Selection
Channel Selection
Description
CH2
CH1
CH0
Single Mode
Scan Mode
0
0
0
AN0 (initial value)
AN0
0
1
AN1
AN0, AN1
1
0
AN2
AN0 to AN2
1
1
AN3
AN0 to AN3
0
0
AN4
AN4
0
1
AN5
AN4, AN5
1
0
AN6
AN4 to AN6
1
1
AN7
AN4 to AN7
1
243
12.2.3 A/D Control Register (ADCR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TRGE
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Initial value
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Read/Write
R/W
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
ADCR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that enables or disables external triggering of A/D
conversion. ADCR is initialized to H'7F by a reset and in standby mode.
Bit 7—Trigger Enable (TRGE): Enables or disables external triggering of A/D conversion.
Bit 7
TRGE
Description
0
A/D conversion cannot be externally triggered
1
Enables start of A/D conversion by the external trigger signal (ADTRG)
(A/D conversion can be started either by an external trigger or by software.)
Bits 6 to 0—Reserved: These bits cannot be modified, and are always read as 1.
244
(Initial value)
12.3 CPU Interface
ADDRA to ADDRD are 16-bit registers, but they are connected to the CPU by an 8-bit data bus.
Therefore, although the upper byte can be be accessed directly by the CPU, the lower byte is read
through an 8-bit temporary register (TEMP).
An A/D data register is read as follows. When the upper byte is read, the upper-byte value is
transferred directly to the CPU and the lower-byte value is transferred into TEMP. Next, when the
lower byte is read, the TEMP contents are transferred to the CPU.
When reading an A/D data register, always read the upper byte before the lower byte. It is possible
to read only the upper byte, but if only the lower byte is read, incorrect data may be obtained.
Figure 12-2 shows the data flow for access to an A/D data register.
Upper-byte read
CPU
(H'AA)
Module data bus
Bus interface
TEMP
(H'40)
ADDRnH
(H'AA)
ADDRnL
(H'40)
(n = A to D)
Lower-byte read
CPU
(H'40)
Module data bus
Bus interface
TEMP
(H'40)
ADDRnH
(H'AA)
ADDRnL
(H'40)
(n = A to D)
Figure 12-2 A/D Data Register Access Operation (Reading H'AA40)
245
12.4 Operation
The A/D converter operates by successive approximations with 10-bit resolution. It has two
operating modes: single mode and scan mode.
12.4.1 Single Mode (SCAN = 0)
Single mode should be selected when only one A/D conversion on one channel is required. A/D
conversion starts when the ADST bit is set to 1 by software, or by external trigger input. The ADST
bit remains set to 1 during A/D conversion and is automatically cleared to 0 when conversion ends.
When conversion ends the ADF bit is set to 1. If the ADIE bit is also set to 1, an ADI interrupt is
requested at this time. To clear the ADF flag to 0, first read ADCSR, then write 0 in ADF.
When the mode or analog input channel must be switched during analog conversion, to prevent
incorrect operation, first clear the ADST bit to 0 in ADCSR to halt A/D conversion. After making
the necessary changes, set the ADST bit to 1 to start A/D conversion again. The ADST bit can be
set at the same time as the mode or channel is changed.
Typical operations when channel 1 (AN1) is selected in single mode are described next. Figure 12-3
shows a timing diagram for this example.
1.
Single mode is selected (SCAN = 0), input channel AN1 is selected (CH2 = CH1 = 0, CH0 =
1), the A/D interrupt is enabled (ADIE = 1), and A/D conversion is started (ADST = 1).
2.
When A/D conversion is completed, the result is transferred into ADDRB. At the same time the
ADF flag is set to 1, the ADST bit is cleared to 0, and the A/D converter becomes idle.
3.
Since ADF = 1 and ADIE = 1, an ADI interrupt is requested.
4.
The A/D interrupt handling routine starts.
5.
The routine reads ADCSR, then writes 0 in the ADF flag.
6.
The routine reads and processes the conversion result (ADDRB).
7.
Execution of the A/D interrupt handling routine ends.
After that, if the ADST bit is set to 1, A/D conversion starts again and steps 2 to 7 are repeated.
246
247
Read conversion result
A/D conversion result 2
A/D conversion result 1
Idle
Clear *
Read conversion result
Idle
Idle
A/D conversion 2
Set *
Figure 12-3 Example of A/D Converter Operation (Single Mode, Channel 1 Selected)
Note: * Vertical arrows ( ) indicate instructions executed by software.
ADDRD
ADDRC
ADDRB
ADDRA
State of channel 3
(AN 3)
State of channel 2
(AN 2)
Idle
Clear *
State of channel 1
(AN 1)
A/D conversion 1
Set *
Idle
Idle
A/D conversion
starts
State of channel 0
(AN 0)
ADF
ADST
ADIE
Set *
12.4.2 Scan Mode (SCAN = 1)
Scan mode is useful for monitoring analog inputs in a group of one or more channels. When the
ADST bit is set to 1 by software or external trigger input, A/D conversion starts on the first channel
in the group (AN0 when CH2 = 0, AN4 when CH2 = 1). When two or more channels are selected,
after conversion of the first channel ends, conversion of the second channel (AN1 or AN5) starts
immediately. A/D conversion continues cyclically on the selected channels until the ADST bit is
cleared to 0. The conversion results are transferred for storage into the A/D data registers
corresponding to the channels.
When the mode or analog input channel selection must be changed during analog conversion, to
prevent incorrect operation, first clear the ADST bit to 0 in ADCSR to halt A/D conversion. After
making the necessary changes, set the ADST bit to 1. A/D conversion will start again from the first
channel in the group. The ADST bit can be set at the same time as the mode or channel selection is
changed.
Typical operations when three channels in group 0 (AN0 to AN2) are selected in scan mode are
described next. Figure 12-4 shows a timing diagram for this example.
1.
Scan mode is selected (SCAN = 1), scan group 0 is selected (CH2 = 0), analog input channels
AN0 to AN2 are selected (CH1 = 1, CH0 = 0), and A/D conversion is started (ADST = 1).
2.
When A/D conversion of the first channel (AN0) is completed, the result is transferred into
ADDRA. Next, conversion of the second channel (AN1) starts automatically.
3.
Conversion proceeds in the same way through the third channel (AN2).
4.
When conversion of all selected channels (AN0 to AN2) is completed, the ADF flag is set to 1
and conversion of the first channel (AN0) starts again. If the ADIE bit is set to 1, an ADI
interrupt is requested at this time.
5.
Steps 2 to 4 are repeated as long as the ADST bit remains set to 1. When the ADST bit is
cleared to 0, A/D conversion stops. After that, if the ADST bit is set to 1, A/D conversion starts
again from the first channel (AN0).
248
249
Idle
Idle
Idle
A/D conversion 1
Transfer
Idle
*2
Idle
Clear*1
Idle
Figure 12-4 Example of A/D Converter Operation (Scan Mode, Channels AN0 to AN2 Selected)
A/D conversion result 3
A/D conversion result 2
A/D conversion result 4
Idle
A/D conversion 5
A/D conversion time
A/D conversion 4
A/D conversion result 1
Idle
A/D conversion 3
Idle
A/D conversion 2
Notes: 1. Vertical arrows ( ) indicate instructions executed by software.
2. Data currently being converted is ignored.
ADDRD
ADDRC
ADDRB
ADDRA
State of channel 3
(AN 3)
State of channel 2
(AN 2)
State of channel 1
(AN 1)
State of channel 0
(AN 0)
ADF
ADST
Set *1
Continuous A/D conversion
Clear* 1
12.4.3 Input Sampling and A/D Conversion Time
The A/D converter has a built-in sample-and-hold circuit. The A/D converter samples the analog
input at a time tD after the ADST bit is set to 1, then starts conversion. Figure 12-5 shows the A/D
conversion timing. Table 12-4 indicates the A/D conversion time.
As indicated in figure 12-5, the A/D conversion time includes tD and the input sampling time. The
length of tD varies depending on the timing of the write access to ADCSR. The total conversion
time therefore varies within the ranges indicated in table 12-4.
In scan mode, the values given in table 12-4 apply to the first conversion. In the second and
subsequent conversions the conversion time is fixed at 256 states when CKS = 0 or 128 states when
CKS = 1 (when øP = ø).
(1)
ø
Address bus
(2)
Write signal
Input sampling
timing
ADF
tD
t SPL
t CONV
Legend
(1):
ADCSR write cycle
(2):
ADCSR address
tD :
Synchronization delay
t SPL : Input sampling time
t CONV: A/D conversion time
Figure 12-5 A/D Conversion Timing
250
Table 12-4 A/D Conversion Time (Single Mode)
CKS = 0
CKS = 1
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Min
Typ
Max
Synchronization delay
tD
10
—
17
6
—
9
Input sampling time*
tSPL
—
80
—
—
40
—
A/D conversion time*
tCONV
259
—
266
131
—
134
Note: Values in the table are numbers of states.
* Values for when øP = ø. When øP = ø/2, values are double those given in the table.
12.4.4 External Trigger Input Timing
A/D conversion can be externally triggered. When the TRGE bit is set to 1 in ADCR, external
trigger input is enabled at the ADTRG pin. A high-to-low transition at the ADTRG pin sets the
ADST bit to 1 in ADCSR, starting A/D conversion. Other operations, in both single and scan
modes, are the same as if the ADST bit had been set to 1 by software. Figure 12-6 shows the timing.
ø
ADTRG
Internal trigger
signal
ADST
A/D conversion
Figure 12-6 External Trigger Input Timing
12.5 Interrupts
The A/D converter generates an interrupt (ADI) at the end of A/D conversion. The ADI interrupt
request can be enabled or disabled by the ADIE bit in ADCSR.
251
12.6 Usage Notes
The following points should be noted when using the A/D converter.
1.
Analog input voltage range
Ensure that the voltage applied to analog input pin ANn (where n = 0 to 7) during A/D
conversion is in the range AVSS ≤ ANn ≤ AVCC.
2.
AVCC and AVSS input voltages
For the AVCC input voltage, set AVSS = VSS. When the A/D converter is not used, set AVCC =
VCC and AVSS = VSS.
252
Section 13 RAM
13.1 Overview
The H8/3297 and H8/3296 have 2 kbytes of on-chip static RAM. The H8/3294 has 1 kbyte. The
H8/3292 has 512 bytes. The RAM is connected to the CPU by a 16-bit data bus. Both byte and word
access to the on-chip RAM are performed in two states, enabling rapid data transfer and instruction
execution.
The on-chip RAM is assigned to addresses H'F780 to H'FF7F in the address space of the H8/3297
and H8/3296, addresses H'FB80 to H'FF7F in the address space of the H8/3294, and addresses
H'FD80 to H'FF7F in the address space of the H8/3292. The RAME bit in the system control
register (SYSCR) can enable or disable the on-chip RAM.
13.1.1 Block Diagram
Figure 13-1 is a block diagram of the on-chip RAM.
Internal data bus (upper 8 bits)
Internal data bus (lower 8 bits)
H'FB80
H'FB81
H'FB82
H'FB83
On-chip RAM
H'FF7E
H'FF7F
Even address
Odd address
Figure 13-1 Block Diagram of On-Chip RAM (H8/3297)
253
13.1.2 RAM Enable Bit (RAME) in System Control Register (SYSCR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SSBY
STS2
STS1
STS0
XRST
NMIEG
—
RAME
Initial value
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R
R/W
—
R/W
The on-chip RAM is enabled or disabled by the RAME bit in SYSCR. See section 3.2, System
Control Register, for the other SYSCR bits.
Bit 0—RAM Enable (RAME): This bit enables or disables the on-chip RAM. The RAME bit is
initialized to 1 on the rising edge of the RES signal. The RAME bit is not initialized in software
standby mode.
Bit 0
RAME
Description
0
On-chip RAM is disabled.
1
On-chip RAM is enabled.
(Initial value)
13.2 Operation
13.2.1 Expanded Modes (Modes 1 and 2)
If the RAME bit is set to 1, accesses to addresses H'F780 to H'FF7F in the H8/3297 and H8/3296,
addresses H'FB80 to H'FF7F in the H8/3294, and addresses H'FD80 to H'FF7F in the H8/3292 are
directed to the on-chip RAM. If the RAME bit is cleared to 0, accesses to these addresses are
directed to the external data bus.
13.2.2 Single-Chip Mode (Mode 3)
If the RAME bit is set to 1, accesses to addresses H'F780 to H'FF7F in the H8/3297 and H8/3296,
addresses H'FB80 to H'FF7F in the H8/3294, and addresses H'FD80 to H'FF7F in the H8/3292 are
directed to the on-chip RAM.
If the RAME bit is cleared to 0, the on-chip RAM data cannot be accessed. Attempted write access
has no effect. Attempted read access always results in H'FF data being read.
Note: RAM initial values are undefined. Therefore initialization must be carried out before use.
254
Section 14 ROM
14.1 Overview
The size of the on-chip ROM (mask ROM, or PROM) is 60 kbytes in the H8/3297, 48 kbytes in the
H8/3296, 32 kbytes in the H8/3294, and 16kbytes in the H8/3292. The on-chip ROM is connected
to the CPU via a 16-bit data bus. Both byte data and word data are accessed in two states, enabling
rapid data transfer.
The on-chip ROM is enabled or disabled depending on the inputs at the mode pins (MD1 and MD0).
See table 14-1.
Table 14-1 On-Chip ROM Usage in Each MCU Mode
Mode Pins
Mode
MD1
MD0
On-chip ROM
Mode 1 (expanded mode)
0
1
Disabled (external addresses)
Mode 2 (expanded mode)
1
0
Enabled
Mode 3 (single-chip mode)
1
1
Enabled
The PROM versions (H8/3297 ZTAT and H8/3294 ZTAT) can be set to PROM mode and
programmed with a general-purpose PROM programmer. In the H8/3297, the accessible ROM
addresses are H'0000 to H'EF7F (61,312 bytes) in mode 2, and H'0000 to H'F77F (63,360 bytes) in
mode 3. For details, see section 3, MCU Operating Modes and Address Space.
255
14.1.1 Block Diagram
Figure 14-1 is a block diagram of the on-chip ROM.
Internal data bus (upper 8 bits)
Internal data bus (lower 8 bits)
H'0000
H'0001
H'0002
H'0003
On-chip ROM
H'F77E
H'F77F
Even address
Odd address
Figure 14-1 Block Diagram of On-Chip ROM (H8/3297 Single-Chip Mode)
256
14.2 PROM Mode (H8/3297, H8/3294)
14.2.1 PROM Mode Setup
In PROM mode the PROM versions of the H8/3297 and H8/3294 suspend, the usual microcomputer
functions to allow the on-chip PROM to be programmed. The programming method is the same as
for the HN27C101.
To select PROM mode, apply the signal inputs listed in table 14-2.
Table 14-2 Selection of PROM Mode
Pin
Input
Mode pin MD1
Low
Mode pin MD0
Low
STBY pin
Low
Pins P63 and P64
High
14.2.2 Socket Adapter Pin Assignments and Memory Map
The H8/3297 and H8/3294 can be programmed with a general-purpose PROM programmer by
using a socket adapter to change the pin-out to 32 pins. See table 14-3. The same socket adapter can
be used for both the H8/3297 and H8/3294. Figure 14-2 shows the socket adapter pin assignments.
Table 14-3 Socket Adapter
Package
Socket Adapter
64-pin QFP
HS3297ESHS1H
80-pin TQFP
HS3297ESNS1H
64-pin windowed shrink DIP
HS3297ESSS1H
64-pin shrink DIP
HS3297ESSS1H
The PROM size is 60 kbytes for the H8/3297 and 32 kbytes for the H8/3294. Figures 14-3 and 14-4
show memory maps of the H8/3297 and H8/3294 in PROM mode. H'FF data should be specified for
unused address areas in the on-chip PROM.
When programming with a PROM programmer, limit the program address range to H'0000 to
H'F77F for the H8/3297 and H'0000 to H'7FFF for the H8/3294. Specify H'FF data for addresses
H'F780 and above (H8/3297) or H'8000 and above (H8/3294). If these addresses are programmed
by mistake, it may become impossible to program or verify the PROM data. The same problem may
occur if an attempt is made to program the chip in page programming mode. With a windowed
package, it is possible to erase the data and reprogram, but this cannot be done with a plastic
package, so particular care is required.
257
H8/3297, H83294
EP ROM Socket
DC-64S
DP-64S FP-64A TFP-80C Pin
Pin
HN27C 101
(32 pins)
12
4
4
RES
VPP
1
13
5
5
NMI
EA9
26
57
49
61
P30
EO0
13
58
50
62
P31
EO1
14
59
51
63
P32
EO2
15
60
52
64
P33
EO3
17
61
53
65
P34
EO4
18
62
54
67
P35
EO5
19
63
55
68
P36
EO6
20
64
56
69
P37
EO7
21
56
48
60
P10
EA0
12
55
47
59
P11
EA1
11
54
46
58
P12
EA2
10
53
45
57
P13
EA3
9
52
44
56
P14
EA4
8
51
43
54
P15
EA5
7
50
42
53
P16
EA6
6
49
41
52
P17
EA7
5
47
39
48
P20
EA8
27
46
38
47
P21
OE
24
45
37
45
P22
EA10
23
44
36
44
P23
EA11
25
43
35
43
P24
EA12
4
42
34
42
P25
EA13
28
41
33
41
P26
EA14
29
40
32
40
P27
CE
22
1
57
71
P40
EA16
2
2
58
72
P41
EA15
3
3
59
74
P42
PGM
31
34
26
33
P63
VCC
32
35
27
35
P64
VSS
16
30
22
27
AVCC
14, 39
6, 31
6, 39
VCC
20
12
16
MD0
19
11
14
MD1
15
7
7
STBY
17
AVSS
21
13
16, 48
8, 40
8, 9, 10, VCC
12,15,24,
VPP :
Program voltage (12.5V)
EO7 to EO0 : Data input/output
EA16 to EA0 : Address input
OE :
Output enable
CE :
Chip enable
PGM :
Program enable
29,31,34,
45,49,50,
51,55,66,
70,73,76
Note: All pins not listed in this figure should be left open.
Figure 14-2 Socket Adapter Pin Assignments
258
Address in MCU mode
Address in PROM mode
H'0000
H'0000
On-chip
PROM
H'F77F
H'F77F
Undetermined
volume output*
Note: * If this address area is read in PROM
mode, the output data is not guaranteed.
H'1FFFF
Figure 14-3 H8/3297 Memory Map in PROM Mode
Address in MCU mode
Address in PROM mode
H'0000
H'0000
On-chip
PROM
H'7FFF
H'7FFF
Undetermined
volume output*
Note: * If this address area is read in PROM
mode, the output data is not guaranteed.
H'1FFFF
Figure 14-4 H8/3294 Memory Map in PROM Mode
259
14.3 PROM Programming
The write, verify, and other sub-modes of the PROM mode are selected as shown in table 14-4.
Table 14-4 Selection of Sub-Modes in PROM Mode
Sub-Mode
CE
OE
PGM
VPP
VCC
EO7 to EO0
EA16 to EA0
Write
Low
High
Low
VPP
VCC
Data input
Address input
Verify
Low
Low
High
VPP
VCC
Data output
Address input
Programming
inhibited
Low
Low
High
High
Low
High
Low
High
Low
High
Low
High
VPP
VCC
High impedance
Address input
The H8/3297 and H8/3294 PROM have the same standard read/write specifications as the
HN27C101 EPROM. Page programming is not supported, however, so do not select page
programming mode. PROM programmers that provide only page programming cannot be used.
When selecting a PROM programmer, check that it supports a byte-at-a-time high-speed
programming mode. Be sure to set the address range to H'0000 to H'F77F for the H8/3297, and to
H'0000 to H'7FFF for the H8/3294.
14.3.1 Programming and Verifying
An efficient, high-speed programming procedure can be used to program and verify PROM data.
This procedure programs data quickly without subjecting the chip to voltage stress and without
sacrificing data reliability. It leaves the data H'FF in unused addresses.
260
Figure 14-5 shows the basic high-speed programming flowchart.
Tables 14-5 and 14-6 list the electrical characteristics of the chip in PROM mode. Figure 14-6
shows a program/verify timing chart.
Start
Set program/verify mode
VCC = 6.0 V ±0.25 V,
VPP = 12.5 V ±0.3 V
Address = 0
n=0
n + 1→ n
Program tPW = 0.2 ms ±5%
No
Yes
n < 25?
No
Address + 1 → address
Verify OK?
Yes
Program tOPW = 0.2n ms
Last address?
No
Yes
Set read mode
VCC = 5.0 V ±0.25 V,
VPP = VCC
Error
No go
Read all
addresses
Go
End
Figure 14-5 High-Speed Programming Flowchart
261
Table 14-5 DC Characteristics
(when VCC = 6.0 V ±0.25 V, VPP = 12.5 V ±0.3 V, VSS = 0 V, Ta = 25˚C ±5˚C)
Item
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Test Conditions
Input high
voltage
EO7 – EO0,
A16 – A0,
OE, CE, PGM
VIH
2.4
—
VCC + 0.3
V
Input low
voltage
EO7 – EO0,
A16 – A0,
OE, CE, PGM
VIL
–0.3
—
0.8
V
Output high
voltage
EO7 – EO0
VOH
2.4
—
—
V
IOH = –200 µA
Output low
voltage
EO7 – EO0
VOL
—
—
0.45
V
IOL = 1.6 mA
Input leakage
current
EO7 – EO0,
EA16 – EA0,
OE, CE, PGM
|ILI|
—
—
2
µA
Vin = 5.25 V/0.5 V
VCC current
ICC
—
—
40
mA
VPP current
IPP
—
—
40
mA
Table 14-6 AC Characteristics
(when VCC = 6.0 V ±0.25 V, VPP = 12.5 V ±0.3 V, Ta = 25˚C ±5˚C)
Item
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Test Conditions
Address setup time
tAS
2
—
—
µs
See figure 14-6*
OE setup time
tOES
2
—
—
µs
Data setup time
tDS
2
—
—
µs
Address hold time
tAH
0
—
—
µs
Data hold time
tDH
2
—
—
µs
Data output disable time
tDF
—
—
130
ns
VPP setup time
tVPS
2
—
—
µs
Program pulse width
tPW
0.19
0.20
0.21
ms
Note: * Input pulse level: 0.8 V to 2.2 V
Input rise/fall time ≤ 20 ns
Timing reference levels: input—1.0 V, 2.0 V; output—0.8 V, 2.0 V
262
Table 14-6 AC Characteristics (cont)
(when VCC = 6.0 V ±0.25 V, VPP = 12.5 V ±0.3 V, Ta = 25˚C ±5˚C)
Item
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Test Conditions
OE pulse width for
overwrite-programming
tOPW
0.19
—
5.25
ms
See figure 14-6*
VCC setup time
tVCS
2
—
—
µs
CE setup time
tCES
2
—
—
µs
Data output delay time
tOE
0
—
150
ns
Note: * Input pulse level: 0.8 V to 2.2 V
Input rise/fall time ≤ 20 ns
Timing reference levels: input—1.0 V, 2.0 V; output—0.8 V, 2.0 V
Write
Verify
Address
tAH
tAS
Data
Input data
tDS
VPP
VCC
Output data
tDH
tDF
VPP
VCC
tVPS
VCC + 1
VCC
tVCS
CE
tCES
PGM
tPW
OE
tOES
tOE
tOPW
Figure 14-6 PROM Program/Verify Timing
263
14.3.2 Notes on Programming
(1) Program with the specified voltages and timing. The programming voltage (VPP) is 12.5 V.
Caution: Applied voltages in excess of the specified values can permanently destroy the chip. Be
particularly careful about the PROM programmer’s overshoot characteristics.
If the PROM programmer is set to HN27C101 specifications, VPP will be 12.5 V.
(2) Before writing data, check that the socket adapter and chip are correctly mounted in the
PROM writer. Overcurrent damage to the chip can result if the index marks on the PROM
programmer, socket adapter, and chip are not correctly aligned.
(3) Don’t touch the socket adapter or chip while writing. Touching either of these can cause
contact faults and write errors.
(4) Page programming is not supported. Do not select page programming mode.
(5) The H8/3297 PROM size is 60 kbytes. The H8/3294 PROM size is 32 kbytes. Set the address
range to H'0000 to H'F77F for the H8/3297, and to H'0000 to H'7FFF for the H8/3294. When
programming, specify H'FF data for unused address areas (H'F780 to H'1FFFF in the H8/3297,
H'8000 to H'1FFFF in the H8/3294).
14.3.3 Reliability of Programmed Data
An effective way to assure the data holding characteristics of the programmed chips is to bake them
at 150˚C, then screen them for data errors. This procedure quickly eliminates chips with PROM
memory cells prone to early failure.
Figure 14-7 shows the recommended screening procedure.
264
Write and verify program
Bake chip for 24 to 48 hours
at 125°C to 150°C
with power off
Read and check program
VCC = 5 V
Install
Figure 14-7 Recommended Screening Procedure
If a series of write errors occurs while the same PROM programmer is in use, stop programming
and check the PROM programmer and socket adapter for defects, using a microcomputer chip with
a windowed package and on-chip EPROM.
Please inform Hitachi of any abnormal conditions noted during programming or in screening of
program data after high-temperature baking.
14.3.4 Erasing of Data
The windowed package enables data to be erased by illuminating the window with ultraviolet light.
Table 14-7 lists the erasing conditions.
Table 14-7 Erasing Conditions
Item
Value
Ultraviolet wavelength
253.7 nm
Minimum illumination
15 W·s/cm2
The conditions in table 14-7 can be satisfied by placing a 12000 µW/cm2 ultraviolet lamp 2 or 3
centimeters directly above the chip and leaving it on for about 20 minutes.
265
14.4 Handling of Windowed Packages
(1) Grass Erasing Window: Rubbing the glass erasing window of a windowed package with a
plastic material or touching it with an electrically charged object can create a static charge on the
window surface which may cause the chip to malfunction.
If the erasing window becomes charged, the charge can be neutralized by a short exposure to
ultraviolet light. This returns the chip to its normal condition, but it also reduces the charge stored in
the floating gates of the PROM, so it is recommended that the chip be reprogrammed afterward.
Accumulation of static charge on the window surface can be prevented by the following
precautions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
When handling the package, ground yourself. Don't wear gloves. Avoid other possible sources
of static charge.
Avoid friction between the glass window and plastic or other materials that tend to accumulate
static charge.
Be careful when using cooling sprays, since they may have a slight icon content.
Cover the window with an ultraviolet-shield label, preferably a label including a conductive
material. Besides protecting the PROM contents from ultraviolet light, the label protects the
chip by distributing static charge uniformly.
(2) Handling after Programming: Fluorescent light and sunlight contain small amounts of
ultraviolet, so prolonged exposure to these types of light can cause programmed data to invert. In
addition, exposure to any type of intense light can induce photoelectric effects that may lead to chip
malfunction. It is recommended that after programming the chip, you cover the erasing window
with a light-proof label (such as an ultraviolet-shield label).
266
Section 15 Power-Down State
15.1 Overview
The H8/3297 Series has a power-down state that greatly reduces power consumption by stopping
some or all of the chip functions. The power-down state includes three modes:
(1) Sleep mode
(2) Software standby mode
(3) Hardware standby mode
Table 15-1 lists the conditions for entering and leaving the power-down modes. It also indicates the
status of the CPU, on-chip supporting modules, etc. in each power-down mode.
Table 15-1 Power-Down State
Mode
Entering
Procedure
Clock
CPU
Reg’s.
CPU
Mod.
Sup.
RAM
I/O
Ports
Exiting
Methods
Sleep
mode
Execute
SLEEP
instruction
Run
Halt
Held
Run
Held
Held
• Interrupt
• RES
• STBY
Software
standby
mode
Set SSBY bit
in SYSCR to
1, then
execute
SLEEP
instruction
Halt
Halt
Held
Halt
and
initialized
Held
Held
•
•
•
•
Hardware
standby
mode
Set STBY
pin to low
level
Halt
Halt
Not
held
Halt
Held
and
initialized
High
impedance
state
• STBY and
RES
Notes: 1. SYSCR: System control register
2. SSBY: Software standby bit
267
NMI
IRQ0 to IRQ2
RES
STBY
15.1.1 System Control Register (SYSCR)
Four of the eight bits in the system control register (SYSCR) control the power-down state. These
are bit 7 (SSBY) and bits 6 to 4 (STS2 to STS0). See table 15-2.
Table 15-2 System Control Register
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address
System control register
SYSCR
R/W
H'0B
H'FFC4
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SSBY
STS2
STS1
STS0
XRST
NMIEG
—
RAME
Initial value
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R
R/W
—
R/W
Bit 7—Software Standby (SSBY): This bit enables or disables the transition to software standby
mode.
On recovery from the software standby mode by an external interrupt, SSBY remains set to 1. To
clear this bit, software must write a 0.
Bit 7
SSBY
Description
0
The SLEEP instruction causes a transition to sleep mode.
1
The SLEEP instruction causes a transition to software standby mode.
268
(Initial value)
Bits 6 to 4—Standby Timer Select 2 to 0 (STS2 to STS0): These bits select the clock settling time
when the chip recovers from software standby mode by an external interrupt. During the selected
time, the clock oscillator runs but the CPU and on-chip supporting modules remain in standby. Set
bits STS2 to STS0 according to the clock frequency to obtain a settling time of at least 8 ms. See
table 15-3.
Bit 6
STS2
Bit 5
STS1
Bit 4
STS0
Description
0
0
0
Settling time = 8,192 states
0
0
1
Settling time = 16,384 states
0
1
0
Settling time = 32,768 states
0
1
1
Settling time = 65,536 states
1
0
—
Settling time = 131,072 states
1
1
—
Disabled
(Initial value)
15.2 Sleep Mode
15.2.1 Transition to Sleep Mode
When the SSBY bit in the system control register is cleared to 0, execution of the SLEEP
instruction causes a transition from the program execution state to sleep mode. After executing the
SLEEP instruction, the CPU halts, but the contents of its internal registers remain unchanged. The
on-chip supporting modules continue to operate normally.
15.2.2 Exit from Sleep Mode
The chip exits sleep mode when it receives an internal or external interrupt request, or a low input at
the RES or STBY pin.
(1) Exit by Interrupt: An interrupt releases sleep mode and starts the CPU’s interrupt-handling
sequence.
If an interrupt from an on-chip supporting module is disabled by the corresponding enable/disable
bit in the module’s control register, the interrupt cannot be requested, so it cannot wake the chip up.
Similarly, the CPU cannot be awoken by an interrupt other than NMI if the I (interrupt mask) bit is
set when the SLEEP instruction is executed.
(2) Exit by RES pin: When the RES pin goes low, the chip exits from sleep mode to the reset state.
(3) Exit by STBY pin: When the STBY pin goes low, the chip exits from sleep mode to hardware
standby mode.
269
15.3 Software Standby Mode
15.3.1 Transition to Software Standby Mode
To enter software standby mode, set the standby bit (SSBY) in the system control register (SYSCR)
to 1, then execute the SLEEP instruction.
In software standby mode, the system clock stops and chip functions halt, including both CPU
functions and the functions of the on-chip supporting modules. Power consumption is reduced to an
extremely low level. The on-chip supporting modules and their registers are reset to their initial
states, but as long as a minimum necessary voltage supply is maintained, the contents of the CPU
registers and on-chip RAM remain unchanged.
15.3.2 Exit from Software Standby Mode
The chip can be brought out of software standby mode by by RES input, STBY input, or external
interrupt input at the NMI pin, IRQ0 to IRQ2 pins.
(1) Exit by Interrupt: When an NMI, IRQ0, IRQ1,or IRQ2 interrupt request signal is input, the
clock oscillator begins operating. After the waiting time set in bits STS2 to STS0 of SYSCR, a
stable clock is supplied to the entire chip, software standby mode is released, and interrupt
exception-handling begins.
(2) Exit by RES Pin: When the RES input goes low, the clock oscillator begins operating. When
RES is brought to the high level (after allowing time for the clock oscillator to settle), the CPU
starts reset exception handling. Be sure to hold RES low long enough for clock oscillation to
stabilize.
(3) Exit by STBY Pin: When the STBY input goes low, the chip exits from software standby mode
to hardware standby mode.
270
15.3.3 Clock Settling Time for Exit from Software Standby Mode
Set bits STS2 to STS0 in SYSCR as follows:
•
Crystal oscillator
Set STS2 to STS0 for a settling time of at least 10 ms. Table 15-3 lists the settling times
selected by these bits at several clock frequencies.
•
External clock
The STS bits can be set to any value. Normally, use of the minimum time is recommended
(STS2 = STS1 = STS0 = 0).
Table 15-3 Times Set by Standby Timer Select Bits (Unit: ms)
Settling
Time
STS2 STS1 STS0 (States) 16
12
10
8
6
4
2
1
0.5
0
0
0
8,192
0.51
0.65
0.8
1.0
1.3
2.0
4.1
8.2
16.4
0
0
1
16,384
1.0
1.3
1.6
2.0
2.7
4.1
8.2
16.4
32.8
0
1
0
32,768
2.0
2.7
3.3
4.1
5.5
8.2
16.4
32.8
65.5
0
1
1
65,536
4.1
5.5
6.6
8.2
10.9
16.4
32.8
65.5
131.1
1
0
—
131,072 8.2
10.9
13.1
16.4
21.8
32.8
65.5
131.1 262.1
System Clock Frequency (MHz)
Notes: 1. All times are in milliseconds.
2. Recommended values are printed in boldface.
271
15.3.4 Sample Application of Software Standby Mode
In this example the chip enters the software standby mode when NMI goes low and exits when NMI
goes high, as shown in figure 15-1.
The NMI edge bit (NMIEG) in the system control register is originally cleared to 0, selecting the
falling edge. When NMI goes low, the NMI interrupt handling routine sets NMIEG to 1, sets SSBY
to 1 (selecting the rising edge), then executes the SLEEP instruction. The chip enters software
standby mode. It recovers from software standby mode on the next rising edge of NMI.
Clock
oscillator
ø
NMI
NMIEG
SSBY
NMI interrupt
handler
NMIEG = 1
SSBY = 1
Software standby
mode (powerdown state)
Setting time
NMI interrupt
handler
SLEEP
Figure 15-1 NMI Timing in Software Standby Mode
15.3.5 Usage Note
The I/O ports retain their current states in software standby mode. If a port is in the high output
state, the current dissipation caused by the output current is not reduced.
272
15.4 Hardware Standby Mode
15.4.1 Transition to Hardware Standby Mode
Regardless of its current state, the chip enters hardware standby mode whenever the STBY pin goes
low.
Hardware standby mode reduces power consumption drastically by halting the CPU, stopping all
the functions of the on-chip supporting modules, and placing I/O ports in the high-impedance state.
The registers of the on-chip supporting modules are reset to their initial values. Only the on-chip
RAM is held unchanged, provided the minimum necessary voltage supply is maintained.
Notes: 1. The RAME bit in the system control register should be cleared to 0 before the STBY pin
goes low.
2. Do not change the inputs at the mode pins (MD1, MD0) during hardware standby mode.
Be particularly careful not to let both mode pins go low in hardware standby mode, since
that places the chip in PROM mode and increases current dissipation.
15.4.2 Recovery from Hardware Standby Mode
Recovery from the hardware standby mode requires inputs at both the STBY and RES pins. When
the STBY pin goes high, the clock oscillator begins running. The RES pin should be low at this time
and should be held low long enough for the clock to stabilize. When the RES pin changes from low
to high, the reset sequence is executed and the chip returns to the program execution state.
273
15.4.3 Timing Relationships
Figure 15-2 shows the timing relationships in hardware standby mode.
In the sequence shown, first RES goes low, then STBY goes low, at which point the chip enters
hardware standby mode. To recover, first STBY goes high, then after the clock settling time, RES
goes high.
Clock pulse
generator
RES
STBY
Clock setting
time
Reset
Figure 15-2 Hardware Standby Mode Timing
274
Section 16 Electrical Specifications
16.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
Table 16-1 lists the absolute maximum ratings.
Table 16-1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
Item
Symbol
Rating
Unit
Supply voltage
VCC
–0.3 to +7.0
V
Programming voltage
VPP
–0.3 to +13.5
V
Input voltage
Ports 1 to 6
Vin
–0.3 to VCC + 0.3
V
Port 7
Vin
–0.3 to AVCC + 0.3
V
Analog supply voltage
AVCC
–0.3 to +7.0
V
Analog input voltage
VAN
–0.3 to AVCC + 0.3
V
Operating temperature
Topr
Regular specifications: –20 to +75
˚C
Wide-range specifications: –40 to +85
˚C
–55 to +125
˚C
Storage temperature
Tstg
Note: Exceeding the absolute maximum ratings shown in table 16-1 can permanently destroy
the chip.
16.2 Electrical Characteristics
16.2.1 DC Characteristics
The DC characteristics of the 5 V, 4 V, and 3 V versions are shown in tables 16-2, 16-3, and 16-4
respectively. The allowable output current values for the 5 V and 4 V versions are shown in table
16-5, and those for the 3 V version in table 16-6.
275
Table 16-2 DC Characteristics (5-V Version)
Conditions: VCC = 5.0 V ±10%, AVCC = 5.0 V ±10%*1, VSS = AVSS = 0 V,
Ta = –20 to 75˚C (regular specifications), Ta = –40 to 85˚C (wide-range specifications)
Item
Schmitt trigger
input voltage
(1)
P67 to P60*4,
IRQ2 to IRQ0*5
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Test
Unit Conditions
VT–
1.0
—
—
V
VT+
—
—
VCC × 0.7
—
—
VT+ – VT– 0.4
Input high
voltage (2)
RES, STBY, NMI
MD1, MD0
EXTAL
VIH
P77 to P70
VCC – 0.7 —
VCC + 0.3
2.0
—
AVCC + 0.3
Input high
voltage
Input pins
other than (1)
and (2)
VIH
2.0
—
VCC + 0.3
Input low
voltage (3)
RES, STBY
MD1, MD0
VIL
–0.3
—
0.5
Input low
voltage
Input pins
other than (1)
and (3) above
VIL
–0.3
—
0.8
Output high
voltage
All output pins
VOH
VCC – 0.5 —
—
3.5
—
—
Output low
All output pins
—
—
0.4
voltage
Ports 1 and 2
—
—
1.0
Input leakage
current
RES, STBY
—
—
10.0
NMI, MD1, MD0
—
—
1.0
P77 to P70
—
—
1.0
VOL
|Iin|
V
V
V
IOH = –200 µA
IOH = –1.0 mA
V
IOL = 1.6 mA
IOL = 10.0 mA
µA
Vin = 0.5 V to
VCC – 0.5 V
Vin = 0.5 V to
AVCC – 0.5 V
Leakage
current in
3-state
(off state)
Ports 1 to 6
|ITSI|
—
—
1.0
µA
Vin = 0.5 V to
VCC – 0.5 V
Input pull-up
MOS current
Ports 1, 2, 3
–Ip
30
—
250
µA
Vin = 0 V
Refer to notes at the end of the table.
276
Table 16-2 DC Characteristics (5-V Version) (cont)
Conditions: VCC = 5.0 V ±10%, AVCC = 5.0 V ±10%*1, VSS = AVSS = 0 V, Ta = –20 to 75˚C
(regular specifications), Ta = –40 to 85˚C (wide-range specifications)
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Test
Unit Conditions
Cin
—
—
60
pF
NMI, MD1
—
—
30
Vin = 0 V
f = 1 MHz
Ta = 25˚C
All input pins
except RES,
STBY, NMI
and MD1
—
—
15
—
27
45
mA
f = 12 MHz
—
36
60
f = 16 MHz
—
18
30
f = 12 MHz
—
24
40
f = 16 MHz
—
0.01 5.0
µA
Ta ≤ 50˚C
—
—
20.0
µA
50˚C < Ta
Item
Input
capacitance
Current
dissipation*2
RES, STBY
Normal
operation
ICC
Sleep mode
Standby
modes*3
Analog supply
During A/D conversion AICC
—
2.0
5.0
mA
current
Waiting
—
0.01 5.0
µA
AVCC = 2.0 V
to 5.5 V
4.5
—
5.5
V
During
operation
2.0
—
5.5
2.0
—
—
Analog supply voltage*1
RAM standby
voltage
AVCC
VRAM
During wait
state or when
not in use
V
Notes: 1. Even when the A/D converter is not used, connect AVCC to power supply VCC and keep
the applied voltage between 2.0 V and 5.5 V.
2. Current dissipation values assume that VIH min = VCC – 0.5 V, VIL max = 0.5 V, all output
pins are in the no-load state, and all input pull-up transistors are off.
3. For these values it is assumed that VRAM ≤ VCC < 4.5 V and VIH min = VCC × 0.9,
VIL max = 0.3 V.
4. P67 to P60 include supporting module inputs multiplexed with them.
5. IRQ2 includes ADTRG multiplexed with it.
277
Table 16-3 DC Characteristics (4-V Version)
Conditions: VCC = 4.0 V to 5.5 V, AVCC = 4.0 V to 5.5 V*1, VSS = AVSS = 0 V,
Ta = –20 to 75˚C (regular specifications), Ta = –40 to 85˚C (wide-range specifications)
Item
Schmitt trigger
input voltage
(1)
P67 to P60*4,
IRQ2 to IRQ0*5
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Test
Unit Conditions
VT–
1.0
—
—
V
VT+
—
—
VCC × 0.7
VT+ – VT– 0.4
—
—
VT–
0.8
—
—
VCC = 4.0 V to
VT+
—
—
VCC × 0.7
4.5 V
—
—
VT+ – VT– 0.3
RES, STBY, NMI
MD1, MD0
EXTAL
5.5 V
VCC – 0.7 —
VCC + 0.3
P77 to P70
2.0
—
AVCC + 0.3
Input high
voltage
Input pins
other than (1)
and (2)
2.0
—
VCC + 0.3
Input low
voltage (3)
RES, STBY
MD1, MD0
–0.3
—
0.5
Input low
voltage
Input pins
other than (1)
and (3) above
–0.3
—
0.8
VCC = 4.5 V to
5.5 V
–0.3
—
0.6
VCC = 4.0 V to
4.5 V
Input high
voltage (2)
Output high
voltage
Output low
voltage
Input leakage
current
All output pins
VIH
VCC = 4.5 V to
VIL
V
VCC – 0.5 —
—
3.5
—
—
IOH = –1.0 mA
VCC = 4.5 V to
5.5 V
2.8
—
—
IOH = –1.0 mA
VCC = 4.0 V to
4.5 V
—
—
0.4
—
—
1.0
—
—
10.0
NMI, MD1, MD0
—
—
1.0
P77 to P70
—
—
1.0
All output pins
VOH
V
VOL
P17 to P10, P27 to P20
RES, STBY
|Iin|
Refer to notes at the end of the table.
278
V
V
IOH = –200 µA
IOL = 1.6 mA
IOL = 10.0 mA
V
Vin = 0.5 V to
VCC – 0.5 V
µA
Vin = 0.5 V to
AVCC – 0.5 V
Table 16-3 DC Characteristics (4-V Version) (cont)
Conditions: VCC = 4.0 V to 5.5 V, AVCC = 4.0 V to 5.5 V*1, VSS = AVSS = 0 V,
Ta = –20 to 75˚C (regular specifications), Ta = –40 to 85˚C (wide-range specifications)
Item
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Test
Unit Conditions
Leakage
current in
3-state
(off state)
Ports 1 to 6
|ITSI|
—
—
1.0
µA
Vin = 0.5 V to
VCC – 0.5 V
Input pull-up
MOS current
Ports 1, 2, 3
–Ip
30
—
250
µA
Vin = 0 V
VCC = 4.5 V to
5.5 V
20
—
200
—
—
60
NMI, MD1
—
—
30
All input pins
except RES,
STBY, NMI
and MD1
—
—
15
—
27
45
—
36
60
f = 16 MHz
VCC = 4.5 V to
5.5 V
—
18
30
f = 12 MHz
—
24
40
f = 16 MHz
VCC = 4.5 V to
5.5 V
—
0.01 5.0
—
—
20.0
Input
capacitance
Current
dissipation*2
RES, STBY
Normal
operation
Cin
ICC
Sleep mode
Standby modes*3
Vin = 0 V
VCC = 4.0 V to
4.5 V
pF
Vin = 0 V
f = 1 MHz
Ta = 25˚C
mA
f = 12 MHz
µA
Ta ≤ 50˚C
50˚C < Ta
Analog supply
During A/D conversion AICC
—
2.0
5.0
mA
current
Waiting
—
0.01 5.0
µA
AVCC = 2.0 V
to 5.5 V
4.0
—
5.5
V
During
operation
2.0
—
5.5
2.0
—
—
Analog supply voltage*1
RAM standby voltage
AVCC
VRAM
Refer to notes at the end of the table.
279
During wait
state or when
not in use
V
Notes: 1. Even when the A/D converter is not used, connect AVCC to power supply VCC and keep
the applied voltage between 2.0 V and 5.5 V.
2. Current dissipation values assume that VIH min = VCC – 0.5 V, VIL max = 0.5 V, all output
pins are in the no-load state, and all input pull-up transistors are off.
3. For these values it is assumed that VRAM ≤ VCC < 4.0 V and VIH min = VCC × 0.9,
VIL max = 0.3 V.
4. P67 to P60 include supporting module inputs multiplexed with them.
5. IRQ2 includes ADTRG multiplexed with it.
280
Table 16-4 DC Characteristics (3-V Version)
Conditions: VCC = 2.7 V to 5.5 V, AVCC = 2.7 V to 5.5 V*1, VSS = AVSS = 0 V, Ta = –20 to 75˚C
Item
Schmitt
trigger input
voltage
(1)
P67 to P60*4,
IRQ2 to IRQ0*5
Input high
voltage
(2)
RES, STBY
MD1, MD0
EXTAL, NMI
Max
Test
Unit Conditions
VCC × 0.15 —
—
V
—
—
VCC × 0.7
—
—
Symbol
Min
VT–
VT
+
VT+ – VT– 0.2
Typ
VCC × 0.9 —
VCC + 0.3
P77 to P70
VCC × 0.7 —
AVCC + 0.3
Input high
voltage
Input pins
other than (1)
and (2) above
VCC × 0.7 —
VCC + 0.3
Input low
voltage (3)
RES, STBY
MD1, MD0
–0.3
—
VCC × 0.1
Input low
voltage
Input pins
other than (1)
and (3) above
–0.3
—
VCC × 0.15
Output high
voltage
All output pins
Output low
voltage
All output pins
Input
leakage
current
VIH
VIL
VOH
VCC – 0.5 —
—
VCC – 1.0 —
—
—
—
0.4
—
—
0.4
—
—
10.0
NMI, MD1, MD0
—
—
1.0
P77 to P70
—
—
1.0
VOL
Ports 1 and 2
RES, STBY
|Iin|
V
V
V
IOH = –200 µA
IOH = –1.0 mA
V
IOL = 0.8 mA
IOL = 1.6 mA
µA
Vin = 0.5 V to
VCC – 0.5 V
Vin = 0.5 V to
AVCC – 0.5 V
Leakage
current in
3-state
(off state)
Ports 1 to 6
|ITSI|
—
—
1.0
µA
Vin = 0.5 V to
VCC – 0.5 V
Input pull-up
MOS current
Ports 1, 2, 3
–Ip
3
—
120
µA
Vin = 0 V,
VCC = 2.7 V
to 4.0 V
Refer to notes at the end of the table.
281
Table 16-4 DC Characteristics (3-V Version) (cont)
Conditions: VCC = 2.7 V to 5.5 V, AVCC = 2.7 V to 5.5 V*1, VSS = AVSS = 0 V, Ta = –20 to 75˚C
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Test
Unit Conditions
Cin
—
—
60
pF
NMI, MD1
—
—
30
Vin = 0 V
f = 1 MHz
Ta = 25˚C
All input pins
except RES,
STBY , NMI
and MD1
—
—
15
—
7
—
mA
f = 6 MHz
VCC = 2.7 V to 3.6 V
—
12
22
f = 10 MHz,
VCC = 2.7 V to 3.6 V
—
25
—
f = 10 MHz,
VCC = 4.0 V to 5.5 V
—
5
—
f = 6 MHz
VCC = 2.7 V to 3.6 V
—
9
16
f = 10 MHz
VCC = 2.7 V to 3.6 V
—
18
—
f = 10 MHz
VCC = 4.0 V to 5.5 V
—
0.01 5.0
µA
Ta ≤ 50˚C
—
—
20.0
µA
50˚C < Ta
During A/D conversion AICC
—
2.0
5.0
mA
Waiting
—
0.01 5.0
µA
AVCC = 2.0 V
to 5.5 V
2.7
—
5.5
V
During
operation
2.0
—
5.5
2.0
—
—
Item
Input
capacitance
Current
dissipation*2
RES, STBY
Normal
operation
ICC
Sleep mode
Standby modes*3
Analog
supply
current
Analog supply voltage*1
RAM backup voltage
(in standby modes)
AVCC
VRAM
During wait
state or when
not in use
V
Notes: 1. Even when the A/D converter is not used, connect AVCC to power supply VCC and keep
the applied voltage between 2.0 V and 5.5 V.
2. Current dissipation values assume that VIH min = VCC – 0.5 V, VIL max = 0.5 V, all output
pins are in the no-load state, and all input pull-up transistors are off.
3. For these values it is assumed that VRAM ≤ VCC < 2.7 V and VIH min = VCC × 0.9,
VIL max = 0.3 V.
4. P67 to P60 include supporting module inputs multiplexed with them.
5. IRQ2 includes ADTRG multiplexed with it.
282
Table 16-5 Allowable Output Current Values (5-V Version 4-V Version)
Conditions: VCC = 4.0 V to 5.5V, AVCC = 4.0 V to 5.5V, VSS = AVSS = 0 V,
Ta = –20 to 75˚C (regular specifications), Ta = –40 to 85˚C (wide-range specifications)
Item
Allowable output low
Ports 1 and 2
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
IOL—
—
10
mA
—
—
2
—
—
80
—
—
120
Other output pins
Allowable output low
current (total)
Ports 1 and 2, total
ΣIOL
Total of all output
Unit
mA
Allowable output high
current (per pin)
All output pins
–IOH
—
—
2
mA
Allowable output high
current (total)
Total of all output
Σ–IOH
—
—
40
mA
Table 16-6 Allowable Output Current Values (3-V Version)
Conditions: VCC = 2.7 to 5.5 V, AVCC = 2.7 V to 5.5 V, VSS = AVSS = 0 V, Ta = –20 to 75˚C
Item
Allowable output low
Ports 1 and 2
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
IOL
—
—
2
mA
—
—
1
—
—
40
—
—
60
Other output pins
Allowable output low
current (total)
Ports 1 and 2, total
ΣIOL
Total of all output
mA
Allowable output high
current (per pin)
All output pins
–IOH
—
—
2
mA
Allowable output high
current (total)
Total of all output
Σ–IOH
—
—
30
mA
Note: To avoid degrading the reliability of the chip, be careful not to exceed the output current
values in tables 16-5 and 16-6. In particular, when driving a darlington transistor pair or LED
directly, be sure to insert a current-limiting resistor in the output path. See figures 16-1 and
16-2.
283
H8/3297
2 kΩ
Port
Darlington
pair
Figure 16-1 Example of Circuit for Driving a Darlington Pair (5-V Version)
H8/3297
VCC
600 Ω
Ports 1 or 2
LED
Figure 16-2 Example of Circuit for Driving an LED (5-V Version)
284
16.2.2 AC Characteristics
The AC characteristics are listed in three tables. Bus timing parameters are given in table 16-7,
control signal timing parameters in table 16-8, and timing parameters of the on-chip supporting
modules in table 16-9.
Table 16-7 Bus Timing
Condition A: VCC = 5.0 V ±10%, VSS = 0 V, ø = 2.0 MHz to maximum operating frequency,
Ta = –20 to 75˚C (regular specifications),
Ta = –40 to 85˚C (wide-range specifications)
Condition B: VCC = 4.0 V to 5.5V, VSS = 0 V, ø = 2.0 MHz to maximum operating frequency,
Ta = –20 to 75˚C (regular specifications),
Ta = –40 to 85˚C (wide-range specifications)
Condition C: VCC = 2.7 V to 5.5 V, VSS = 0 V, ø = 2.0 MHz to maximum operating frequency,
Ta = –20 to 75˚C
Condition C
Condition B
Condition A
10 MHz
12 MHz
16 MHz
Item
Symbol
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Unit
Test
Conditions
Clock cycle time
tcyc
100
500
83.3
500
62.5
500
ns
Fig. 16-4
Clock pulse width low
tCL
30
–
30
–
20
–
ns
Fig. 16-4
Clock pulse width high
tCH
30
–
30
–
20
–
ns
Fig. 16-4
Clock rise time
tCr
–
20
–
10
–
10
ns
Fig. 16-4
Clock fall time
tCf
–
20
–
10
–
10
ns
Fig. 16-4
Address delay time
tAD
–
50
–
35
–
30
ns
Fig. 16-4
Address hold time
tAH
20
–
15
–
10
–
ns
Fig. 16-4
Address strobe delay time
tASD
–
50
–
35
–
30
ns
Fig. 16-4
Write strobe delay time
tWSD
–
50
–
35
–
30
ns
Fig. 16-4
Strobe delay time
tSD
–
50
–
35
–
30
ns
Fig. 16-4
Write strobe pulse width*
tWSW
110
–
90
–
60
–
ns
Fig. 16-4
Address setup time 1*
tAS1
15
–
10
–
10
–
ns
Fig. 16-4
Address setup time 2*
tAS2
65
–
50
–
40
–
ns
Fig. 16-4
Read data setup time
tRDS
35
–
20
–
20
–
ns
Fig. 16-4
Read data hold time*
tRDH
0
–
0
–
0
–
ns
Fig. 16-4
Read data access time*
tACC
–
170
–
160
–
110
ns
Fig. 16-4
Write data delay time
tWDD
–
75
–
60
–
60
ns
Fig. 16-4
Write data setup time
tWDS
5
–
5
–
5
–
ns
Fig. 16-4
Write data hold time
tWDH
20
–
20
–
20
–
ns
Fig. 16-4
Wait setup time
tWTS
40
–
35
–
30
–
ns
Fig. 16-5
Wait hold time
tWTH
10
–
10
–
10
–
ns
Fig. 16-5
Note: * Values at maximum operating frequency
285
Table 16-8 Control Signal Timing
Condition A: VCC = 5.0 V ±10%, VSS = 0 V, ø = 2.0 MHz to maximum operating frequency,
Ta = –20 to 75˚C (regular specifications),
Ta = –40 to 85˚C (wide-range specifications)
Condition B: VCC = 4.0 V to 5.5 V, VSS = 0 V, ø = 2.0 MHz to maximum operating frequency,
Ta = –20 to 75˚C (regular specifications),
Ta = –40 to 85˚C (wide-range specifications)
Condition C: VCC = 2.7 V to 5.5 V, VSS = 0 V, ø = 2.0 MHz to maximum operating frequency,
Ta = –20 to 75˚C
Condition C
Condition B
Condition A
10 MHz
12 MHz
16 MHz
Item
Symbol
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Unit
Test
Conditions
RES setup time
tRESS
300
–
200
–
200
–
ns
Fig. 16-6
RES pulse width
tRESW
10
–
10
–
10
–
tcyc
Fig. 16-6
NMI setup time
(NMI, IRQ0 to IRQ2)
tNMIS
300
–
150
–
150
–
ns
Fig. 16-7
NMI hold time
(NMI, IRQ0 to IRQ2)
tNMIH
10
–
10
–
10
–
ns
Fig. 16-7
Interrupt pulse width
for recovery from software standby mode
(NMI, IRQ0 to IRQ2)
tNMIW
300
–
200
–
200
–
ns
Fig. 16-7
Crystal oscillator settling
time (reset)
tOSC1
20
–
20
–
20
–
ms
Fig. 16-8
Crystal oscillator settling
time (software standby)
tOSC2
8
–
8
–
8
–
ms
Fig. 16-9
• Measurement Conditions for AC Characteristics
5V
RL
LSI
output pin
C = 90 pF: Ports 1 to 4, 6
30 pF: Port 5
RL = 2.4 kΩ
RH = 12 kΩ
RH
C
Input/output timing measurement levels
Low: 0.8 V
High: 2.0 V
Figure 16-3 Measurement Conditions for A/C Characteristics
286
Table 16-9 Timing Conditions of On-Chip Supporting Modules
Condition A: VCC = 5.0 V ±10%, VSS = 0 V, ø = 2.0 MHz to maximum operating frequency,
Ta = –20 to 75˚C (regular specifications),
Ta = –40 to 85˚C (wide-range specifications)
Condition B: VCC = 4.0 V to 5.5 V, VSS = 0 V, ø = 2.0 MHz to maximum operating frequency,
Ta = –20 to 75˚C (regular specifications),
Ta = –40 to 85˚C (wide-range specifications)
Condition C: VCC = 2.7 V to 5.5 V, VSS = 0 V, ø = 2.0 MHz to maximum operating frequency,
Ta = –20 to 75˚C
Symbol
Condition C
10 MHz
Min Max
Condition B
12 MHz
Min Max
Condition A
16 MHz
Min Max
Unit
Test
Conditions
Timer output
delay time
tFTOD
–
150
–
100
–
100
ns
Fig. 16-10
Timer input
setup time
tFTIS
80
–
50
–
50
–
ns
Fig. 16-10
Timer clock input
setup time
tFTCS
80
–
50
–
50
–
ns
Fig. 16-11
Timer clock pulse
width
tFTCWH
tFTCWL
1.5
–
1.5
–
1.5
–
tcyc
Fig. 16-11
Timer output
delay time
tTMOD
–
150
–
100
–
100
ns
Fig. 16-12
Timer reset input
setup time
tTMRS
80
–
50
–
50
–
ns
Fig. 16-14
Timer clock input
setup time
tTMCS
80
–
50
–
50
–
ns
Fig. 16-13
Timer clock pulse
width (single edge)
tTMCWH
1.5
–
1.5
–
1.5
–
tcyc
Fig. 16-13
Timer clock pulse
width (both edges)
tTMCWL
2.5
–
2.5
–
2.5
–
tcyc
Fig. 16-13
Input clock (Async) tScyc
cycle
(Sync) tScyc
4
–
4
–
4
–
tcyc
Fig. 16-15
6
–
6
–
6
–
tcyc
Fig. 16-15
Transmit data
delay time (Sync)
tTXD
–
200
–
100
–
100
ns
Fig. 16-15
Receive data
setup time (Sync)
tRXS
150
–
100
–
100
–
ns
Fig. 16-15
Receive data
hold time (Sync)
tRXH
150
–
100
–
100
–
ns
Fig. 16-15
Input clock pulse
width
tSCKW
0.4
0.6
0.4
0.6
0.4
0.6
tScyc
Fig. 16-16
Output data
delay time
tPWD
–
150
–
100
–
100
ns
Fig. 16-17
Input data setup
time
tPRS
80
–
50
–
50
–
ns
Fig. 16-17
Input data hold
time
tPRH
80
–
50
–
50
–
ns
Fig. 16-17
Item
FRT
TMR
SCI
Ports
287
Table 16-10 External Clock Output Delay Timing
Conditions:
VCC = 2.7 V to 5.5 V, AVCC = 2.7 V to 5.5 V,
VSS = AVSS = 0 V, Ta = –40 to +85˚C
Condition
Item
Symbol
Min
Max
Unit
Test
Conditions
External clock output delay time
tDEXT
500
—
µs
Fig. 16-18
Note: * tDEXT includes RES pulse width tRESW (10 tcyc).
288
16.2.3 A/D Converter Characteristics
Table 16-11 lists the characteristics of the on-chip A/D converter.
Table 16-11 A/D Converter Characteristics
Condition A: VCC = 5.0 V ±10%, VCCB = 5.0 V ±10%, AVCC = 5.0 V ±10%,
AVref = 4.5 V to AVCC, VSS = 0 V, ø = 2.0 MHz to maximum operating frequency,
Ta = –20 to +75˚C (regular specifications), Ta = –40 to +85˚C (wide-range
specifications)
Condition B: VCC = 4.0 V to 5.5 V, VCCB = 4.0 to 5.5 V, AVCC = 4.0 to 5.5 V,
AVref = 4.0 to AVCC,, VSS = 0 V, ø = 2.0 MHz to maximum operating frequency,
Ta = –20 to +75˚C (regular specifications), Ta = –40 to +85˚C (wide-range
specifications)
Condition C: VCC = 2.7 to 5.5 V, VCCB = 2.7 to 5.5 V, AVCC = 2.7 to 5.5 V,
AVref = 2.7 V to AVCC, VSS = AVSS = 0 V, ø = 2.0 MHz to maximum operating
frequency, Ta = –20 to +75˚C
Condition C
Condition B
Condition A
10 MHz
12 MHz
16 MHz
Item
Min Typ Max
Min Typ
Max
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Resolution
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Bits
Conversion time
(single mode)*
—
—
13.4
—
—
11.2
—
—
8.4
µs
Analog input capacitance
—
—
20
—
—
20
—
—
20
pF
Allowable signal source
impedance
—
—
5
—
—
10
—
—
10
kΩ
Nonlinearity error
—
—
±6.0
—
—
±3.0
—
—
±3.0
LSB
Offset error
—
—
±4.0
—
—
±3.5
—
—
±3.5
LSB
Full-scale error
—
—
±4.0
—
—
±3.5
—
—
±3.5
LSB
Quantizing error
—
—
±0.5
—
—
±0.5
—
—
±0.5
LSB
Absolute accuracy
—
—
±8.0
—
—
±4.0
—
—
±4.0
LSB
Note: * Values at maximum operating frequency
289
16.3 MCU Operational Timing
This section provides the following timing charts:
16.3.1
16.3.2
16.3.3
16.3.4
16.3.5
16.3.6
16.3.7
Bus Timing
Control Signal Timing
16-Bit Free-Running Timer Timing
8-Bit Timer Timing
SCI Timing
I/O Port Timing
External Clock Output Timing
Figures 16-4 to 16-5
Figures 16-6 to 16-9
Figures 16-10 to 16-11
Figures 16-12 to 16-14
Figures 16-15 to 16-16
Figure 16-17
Figure 16-18
16.3.1 Bus Timing
(1) Basic Bus Cycle (without Wait States) in Expanded Modes
T1
T2
T3
t cyc
t CH
tCL
ø
t Cf
t AD
t Cr
A15 to A0
t ASD
t SD
t AH
t ASI
AS, RD
D7 to D0
(read)
tRDH
tRDS
t ACC
t WSD
t SD
t AS2
tWSW
t AH
WR
tWDD
t WDH
t WDS
D7 to D0
(write)
Figure 16-4 Basic Bus Cycle (without Wait States) in Expanded Modes
290
(2) Basic Bus Cycle (with 1 Wait State) in Expanded Modes
T2
T1
TW
T3
ø
A15 to A0
AS, RD
D7 to D0
(read)
WR
D7 to D0
(write)
t WTS
t WTH
t WTS t WTH
WAIT
Figure 16-5 Basic Bus Cycle (with 1 Wait State) in Expanded Modes
291
16.3.2 Control Signal Timing
(1) Reset Input Timing
ø
tRESS
tRESS
RES
tRESW
Figure 16-6 Reset Input Timing
(2) Interrupt Input Timing
ø
tNMIS
NMI
IRQE (edge)
tNMIH
tNMIS
IRQL (level)
tNMIW
NMI
IRQi
Note: i = 0 to 2; IRQE: IRQi when edge-sensed; IRQL: IRQi when level-sensed
Figure 16-7 Interrupt Input Timing
292
(3) Clock Settling Timing
ø
VCC
STBY
tOSC1
tOSC1
RES
Figure 16-8 Clock Settling Timing
(4) Clock Settling Timing for Recovery from Software Standby Mode
ø
NMI
IRQi
tOSC2
(i = 0, 1, 2)
Figure 16-9 Clock Settling Timing for Recovery from Software Standby Mode
293
16.3.3 16-Bit Free-Running Timer Timing
(1) Free-Running Timer Input/Output Timing
ø
Free-running Compare-match
timer counter
tFTOD
FTOA , FTOB
tFTIS
FTIA, FTIB,
FTIC, FTID
Figure 16-10 Free-Running Timer Input/Output Timing
(2) External Clock Input Timing for Free-Running Timer
ø
tFTCS
FTCI
tFTCWL
tFTCWH
Figure 16-11 External Clock Input Timing for Free-Running Timer
294
16.3.4 8-Bit Timer Timing
(1) 8-Bit Timer Output Timing
ø
Timer
counter
Compare-match
tTMOD
TMO0,
TMO1
Figure 16-12 8-Bit Timer Output Timing
(2) 8-Bit Timer Clock Input Timing
ø
tTMCS
tTMCS
TMCI0,
TMCI1
tTMCWH
tTMCWL
Figure 16-13 8-Bit Timer Clock Input Timing
(3) 8-Bit Timer Reset Input Timing
ø
tTMRS
TMRI0,
TMRI1
Timer
counter
H'00
N
Figure 16-14 8-Bit Timer Reset Input Timing
295
16.3.5 Serial Communication Interface Timing
(1) SCI Input/Output Timing
tScyc
Serial clock
(SCK)
tTXD
Transmit
data
(TxD)
tRXS
tRXH
Receive
data
(RxD)
Figure 16-15 SCI Input/Output Timing (Synchronous Mode)
(2) SCI Input Clock Timing
tSCKW
SCK
tScyc
Figure 16-16 SCI Input Clock Timing
296
16.3.6 I/O Port Timing
Port read/write cycle
T1
T2
T3
ø
tPRS
tPRH
Port 1 to
port 7 (input)
tPWD
Port 1 to
port 7* (output)
Note: * Except P46
Figure 16-17 I/O Port Input/Output Timing
16.3.7 External Clock Output Timing
Vcc
2.7V
Vm
STBY
EXTAL
ø
RES
toaxr*
Figure 16-18 External Clock Output Delay Timing
Note: * tDEXT includes RES pulse width tRESW (10 tcyc).
297
298
Appendix A CPU Instruction Set
A.1 Instruction Set List
Operation Notation
Rd8/16
General register (destination) (8 or 16 bits)
Rs8/16
General register (source) (8 or 16 bits)
Rn8/16
General register (8 or 16 bits)
CCR
Condition code register
N
N (negative) flag in CCR
Z
Z (zero) flag in CCR
V
V (overflow) flag in CCR
C
C (carry) flag in CCR
PC
Program counter
SP
Stack pointer
#xx:3/8/16
Immediate data (3, 8, or 16 bits)
d:8/16
Displacement (8 or 16 bits)
@aa:8/16
Absolute address (8 or 16 bits)
+
Addition
–
Subtraction
×
Multiplication
÷
Division
∧
AND logical
∨
OR logical
⊕
Exclusive OR logical
→
Move
—
Not
Condition Code Notation
↕
Modified according to the instruction result
*
Undetermined (unpredictable)
0
Always cleared to 0
—
Not affected by the instruction result
299
Table A-1 Instruction Set
MOV.B #xx:8, Rd
B #xx:8 → Rd8
MOV.B Rs, Rd
B Rs8 → Rd8
MOV.B @Rs, Rd
B @Rs16 → Rd8
MOV.B @(d:16, Rs), Rd
B @(d:16, Rs16)→ Rd8
MOV.B @Rs+, Rd
B @Rs16 → Rd8
Rs16+1 → Rs16
MOV.B @aa:8, Rd
B @aa:8 → Rd8
MOV.B @aa:16, Rd
B @aa:16 → Rd8
MOV.B Rs, @Rd
B Rs8 → @Rd16
MOV.B Rs, @(d:16, Rd)
B Rs8 → @(d:16, Rd16)
MOV.B Rs, @–Rd
B Rd16–1 → Rd16
Rs8 → @Rd16
MOV.B Rs, @aa:8
B Rs8 → @aa:8
MOV.B Rs, @aa:16
B Rs8 → @aa:16
MOV.W #xx:16, Rd
W #xx:16 → Rd16
MOV.W Rs, Rd
W Rs16 → Rd16
MOV.W @Rs, Rd
W @Rs16 → Rd16
W @Rs16 → Rd16
Rs16+2 → Rs16
MOV.W @aa:16, Rd
W @aa:16 → Rd16
MOV.W Rs, @Rd
W Rs16 → @Rd16
MOV.W Rs, @–Rd
2
4
2
2
4
2
4
2
2
4
4
2
2
4
2
4
2
W Rd16–2 → Rd16
Rs16 → @Rd16
I H N Z V C
4
2
No. of States
Implied
@@aa
@(d:8, PC)
@aa: 8/16
@–Rn/@Rn+
2
MOV.W Rs, @(d:16, Rd) W Rs16 → @(d:16, Rd16)
Condition Code
— — ↕
2
MOV.W @(d:16, Rs), Rd W @(d:16, Rs16) → Rd16
MOV.W @Rs+, Rd
@(d:16, Rn)
@Rn
Rn
Operation
#xx: 8/16
Mnemonic
Operand Size
Addressing Mode/
Instruction Length
↕ 0 — 2
— — ↕
↕ 0 — 2
— — ↕
↕ 0 — 4
— — ↕
↕ 0 — 6
— — ↕
↕ 0 — 6
— — ↕
↕ 0 — 4
— — ↕
↕ 0 — 6
— — ↕
↕ 0 — 4
— — ↕
↕ 0 — 6
— — ↕
↕ 0 — 6
— — ↕
↕ 0 — 4
— — ↕
↕ 0 — 6
— — ↕
↕ 0 — 4
— — ↕
↕ 0 — 2
— — ↕
↕ 0 — 4
— — ↕
↕ 0 — 6
— — ↕
↕ 0 — 6
— — ↕
↕ 0 — 6
— — ↕
↕ 0 — 4
— — ↕
↕ 0 — 6
— — ↕
↕ 0 — 6
MOV.W Rs, @aa:16
W Rs16 → @aa:16
— — ↕
↕ 0 — 6
POP Rd
W @SP → Rd16
SP+2 → SP
2
— — ↕
↕ 0 — 6
PUSH Rs
W SP–2 → SP
Rs16 → @SP
2
— — ↕
↕ 0 — 6
4
300
Table A-1 Instruction Set (cont)
MOVFPE @aa:16, Rd
B Not supported
MOVTPE Rs, @aa:16
B Not supported
EEPMOV
— if R4L≠0 then
Repeat @R5 → @R6
R5+1 → R5
R6+1 → R6
R4L–1 → R4L
Until R4L=0
else next
ADD.B #xx:8, Rd
B Rd8+#xx:8 → Rd8
I
H N Z V C
No. of States
Implied
Condition Code
@@aa
@(d:8, PC)
@aa: 8/16
@–Rn/@Rn+
@(d:16, Rn)
@Rn
Rn
Operation
#xx: 8/16
Mnemonic
Operand Size
Addressing Mode/
Instruction Length
4 — — — — — — ➃
2
— ↕
↕
↕
↕
↕ 2
ADD.B Rs, Rd
B Rd8+Rs8 → Rd8
2
— ↕
↕
↕
↕
↕ 2
ADD.W Rs, Rd
W Rd16+Rs16 → Rd16
2
— ➀ ↕
↕
↕
↕ 2
ADDX.B #xx:8, Rd
B Rd8+#xx:8 +C → Rd8
— ↕
↕ ➁ ↕
↕ 2
ADDX.B Rs, Rd
B Rd8+Rs8 +C → Rd8
2
— ↕
↕ ➁ ↕
↕ 2
ADDS.W #1, Rd
W Rd16+1 → Rd16
2
— — — — — — 2
ADDS.W #2, Rd
W Rd16+2 → Rd16
2
— — — — — — 2
INC.B Rd
B Rd8+1 → Rd8
2
— — ↕
↕
↕ — 2
DAA.B Rd
B Rd8 decimal adjust → Rd8
2
— *
↕
↕
* ➂ 2
2
SUB.B Rs, Rd
B Rd8–Rs8 → Rd8
2
— ↕
↕
↕
↕
↕ 2
SUB.W Rs, Rd
W Rd16–Rs16 → Rd16
2
— ➀ ↕
↕
↕
↕ 2
— ↕
↕ ➁ ↕
↕ 2
2
— ↕
↕ ➁ ↕
↕ 2
SUBX.B #xx:8, Rd
B Rd8–#xx:8 –C → Rd8
SUBX.B Rs, Rd
B Rd8–Rs8 –C → Rd8
2
SUBS.W #1, Rd
W Rd16–1 → Rd16
2
— — — — — — 2
SUBS.W #2, Rd
W Rd16–2 → Rd16
2
— — — — — — 2
DEC.B Rd
B Rd8–1 → Rd8
2
— — ↕
↕
↕ — 2
DAS.B Rd
B Rd8 decimal adjust → Rd8
2
— *
↕
↕
* — 2
NEG.B Rd
B 0–Rd8 → Rd8
2
— ↕
↕
↕
↕
↕ 2
CMP.B #xx:8, Rd
B Rd8–#xx:8
— ↕
↕
↕
↕
↕ 2
2
CMP.B Rs, Rd
B Rd8–Rs8
2
— ↕
↕
↕
↕
↕ 2
CMP.W Rs, Rd
W Rd16–Rs16
2
— ➀ ↕
↕
↕
↕ 2
301
Table A-1 Instruction Set (cont)
I H N Z V C
No. of States
Implied
Condition Code
@@aa
@(d:8, PC)
@aa: 8/16
@–Rn/@Rn+
@(d:16, Rn)
@Rn
Rn
Operation
#xx: 8/16
Mnemonic
Operand Size
Addressing Mode/
Instruction Length
MULXU.B Rs, Rd
B Rd8 × Rs8 → Rd16
2
— — — — — — 14
DIVXU.B Rs, Rd
B Rd16÷Rs8 → Rd16
(RdH: remainder,
RdL: quotient)
2
— — ➅ ➆ — — 14
— — ↕
↕ 0 — 2
2
— — ↕
↕ 0 — 2
— — ↕
↕ 0 — 2
2
— — ↕
↕ 0 — 2
AND.B #xx:8, Rd
B Rd8∧#xx:8 → Rd8
AND.B Rs, Rd
B Rd8∧Rs8 → Rd8
OR.B #xx:8, Rd
B Rd8∨#xx:8 → Rd8
OR.B Rs, Rd
B Rd8∨Rs8 → Rd8
2
2
XOR.B #xx:8, Rd
B Rd8⊕#xx:8 → Rd8
— — ↕
↕ 0 — 2
XOR.B Rs, Rd
B Rd8⊕Rs8 → Rd8
2
— — ↕
↕ 0 — 2
NOT.B Rd
B Rd8 → Rd8
2
— — ↕
↕ 0 — 2
SHAL.B Rd
B
2
— — ↕
↕
2
— — ↕
↕ 0 ↕ 2
2
— — ↕
↕ 0 ↕ 2
2
— — 0 ↕ 0 ↕ 2
2
— — ↕
↕ 0 ↕ 2
2
— — ↕
↕ 0 ↕ 2
C
0
b7
SHAR.B Rd
B
C
B
C
0
B
b0
0
C
b7
ROTXL.B Rd
b0
C
b7
ROTXR.B Rd
b0
B
C
b7
↕ 2
b0
b7
SHLR.B Rd
↕
b0
B
b7
SHLL.B Rd
2
b0
302
Table A-1 Instruction Set (cont)
ROTL.B Rd
B
C
b7
ROTR.B Rd
I
H N Z V C
No. of States
Implied
@@aa
@(d:8, PC)
@aa: 8/16
@–Rn/@Rn+
@(d:16, Rn)
@Rn
Condition Code
2
— — ↕
↕ 0 ↕ 2
2
— — ↕
↕ 0 ↕ 2
b0
B
C
b7
Rn
Operation
#xx: 8/16
Mnemonic
Operand Size
Addressing Mode/
Instruction Length
b0
BSET #xx:3, Rd
B (#xx:3 of Rd8) ← 1
BSET #xx:3, @Rd
B (#xx:3 of @Rd16) ← 1
BSET #xx:3, @aa:8
B (#xx:3 of @aa:8) ← 1
BSET Rn, Rd
B (Rn8 of Rd8) ← 1
BSET Rn, @Rd
B (Rn8 of @Rd16) ← 1
BSET Rn, @aa:8
B (Rn8 of @aa:8) ← 1
BCLR #xx:3, Rd
B (#xx:3 of Rd8) ← 0
BCLR #xx:3, @Rd
B (#xx:3 of @Rd16) ← 0
BCLR #xx:3, @aa:8
B (#xx:3 of @aa:8) ← 0
BCLR Rn, Rd
B (Rn8 of Rd8) ← 0
BCLR Rn, @Rd
B (Rn8 of @Rd16) ← 0
BCLR Rn, @aa:8
B (Rn8 of @aa:8) ← 0
BNOT #xx:3, Rd
B (#xx:3 of Rd8) ←
(#xx:3 of Rd8)
BNOT #xx:3, @Rd
B (#xx:3 of @Rd16) ←
(#xx:3 of @Rd16)
BNOT #xx:3, @aa:8
B (#xx:3 of @aa:8) ←
(#xx:3 of @aa:8)
BNOT Rn, Rd
B (Rn8 of Rd8) ←
(Rn8 of Rd8)
BNOT Rn, @Rd
B (Rn8 of @Rd16) ←
(Rn8 of @Rd16)
BNOT Rn, @aa:8
B (Rn8 of @aa:8) ←
(Rn8 of @aa:8)
2
— — — — — — 2
4
— — — — — — 8
4
2
4
— — — — — — 8
4
2
— — — — — — 8
— — — — — — 2
4
— — — — — — 8
4
2
— — — — — — 8
— — — — — — 2
4
— — — — — — 8
4
2
— — — — — — 8
— — — — — — 2
4
— — — — — — 8
4
2
— — — — — — 8
— — — — — — 2
4
— — — — — — 8
4
303
— — — — — — 8
— — — — — — 2
— — — — — — 8
Table A-1 Instruction Set (cont)
BTST #xx:3, Rd
B (#xx:3 of Rd8) → Z
BTST #xx:3, @Rd
B (#xx:3 of @Rd16) → Z
BTST #xx:3, @aa:8
B (#xx:3 of @aa:8) → Z
BTST Rn, Rd
B (Rn8 of Rd8) → Z
BTST Rn, @Rd
B (Rn8 of @Rd16) → Z
BTST Rn, @aa:8
B (Rn8 of @aa:8) → Z
BLD #xx:3, Rd
B (#xx:3 of Rd8) → C
BLD #xx:3, @Rd
B (#xx:3 of @Rd16) → C
BLD #xx:3, @aa:8
B (#xx:3 of @aa:8) → C
BILD #xx:3, Rd
B (#xx:3 of Rd8) → C
4
4
4
B C → (#xx:3 of @Rd16)
BST #xx:3, @aa:8
B C → (#xx:3 of @aa:8)
BIST #xx:3, Rd
B C → (#xx:3 of Rd8)
BIST #xx:3, @Rd
B C → (#xx:3 of @Rd16)
BIST #xx:3, @aa:8
B C → (#xx:3 of @aa:8)
BAND #xx:3, Rd
B C∧(#xx:3 of Rd8) → C
BAND #xx:3, @Rd
B C∧(#xx:3 of @Rd16) → C
— — — — — ↕ 6
4
4
2
— — — — — — 8
4
2
— — — — — — 8
4
B C∧(#xx:3 of @aa:8) → C
— — — — — ↕ 6
4
4
BIAND #xx:3, @Rd
B C∧(#xx:3 of @Rd16) → C
B C∧(#xx:3 of @aa:8) → C
BOR #xx:3, Rd
B C∨(#xx:3 of Rd8) → C
BOR #xx:3, @Rd
B C∨(#xx:3 of @Rd16) → C
— — — — — ↕ 6
4
4
BOR #xx:3, @aa:8
B C∨(#xx:3 of @aa:8) → C
B C∨(#xx:3 of Rd8) → C
BIOR #xx:3, @Rd
B C∨(#xx:3 of @Rd16) → C
— — — — — ↕ 6
4
4
— — — — — ↕ 6
— — — — — ↕ 2
2
304
— — — — — ↕ 6
— — — — — ↕ 2
2
BIOR #xx:3, Rd
— — — — — ↕ 6
— — — — — ↕ 2
2
BIAND #xx:3, @aa:8
— — — — — — 8
— — — — — ↕ 2
2
B C∧(#xx:3 of Rd8) → C
— — — — — — 8
— — — — — — 2
4
BAND #xx:3, @aa:8
— — — — — ↕ 6
— — — — — — 2
4
BIAND #xx:3, Rd
— — — — — ↕ 6
— — — — — ↕ 2
2
B C → (#xx:3 of Rd8)
No. of States
— — — — — ↕ 6
4
BST #xx:3, @Rd
— — — ↕ — — 6
— — — — — ↕ 2
2
BST #xx:3, Rd
Implied
— — — ↕ — — 6
4
B (#xx:3 of @aa:8) → C
— — — ↕ — — 6
— — — ↕ — — 2
2
B (#xx:3 of @Rd16) → C
@@aa
— — — ↕ — — 6
4
BILD #xx:3, @Rd
I H N Z V C
— — — ↕ — — 2
2
BILD #xx:3, @aa:8
@(d:8, PC)
Condition Code
@aa: 8/16
@–Rn/@Rn+
@(d:16, Rn)
@Rn
Rn
Operation
#xx: 8/16
Mnemonic
Operand Size
Addressing Mode/
Instruction Length
4
— — — — — ↕ 6
Table A-1 Instruction Set (cont)
BIOR #xx:3, @aa:8
B C∨(#xx:3 of @aa:8) → C
BXOR #xx:3, Rd
B C⊕(#xx:3 of Rd8) → C
BXOR #xx:3, @Rd
B C⊕(#xx:3 of @Rd16) → C
BXOR #xx:3, @aa:8
B C⊕(#xx:3 of @aa:8) → C
BIXOR #xx:3, Rd
B C⊕(#xx:3 of Rd8) → C
B C⊕(#xx:3 of @Rd16) → C
H N Z V C
No. of States
Condition Code
I
— — — — — ↕ 6
4
— — — — — ↕ 2
2
BIXOR #xx:3, @Rd
Implied
Condition Code
@@aa
@(d:8, PC)
@aa: 8/16
@–Rn/@Rn+
@(d:16, Rn)
@Rn
Branching
Condition
Rn
Operation
#xx: 8/16
Mnemonic
Operand Size
Addressing Mode/
Instruction Length
— — — — — ↕ 6
4
— — — — — ↕ 6
4
— — — — — ↕ 2
2
— — — — — ↕ 6
4
BIXOR #xx:3, @aa:8
B C⊕(#xx:3 of @aa:8) → C
BRA d:8 (BT d:8)
— PC ← PC+d:8
2
— — — — — — 4
BRN d:8 (BF d:8)
— PC ← PC+2
BHI d:8
BEQ d:8
— If
condition
—
is true
— then
— PC ←
PC+d:8
— else next;
—
BVC d:8
—
BVS d:8
—
BPL d:8
—
BMI d:8
—
BGE d:8
—
BLS d:8
BCC d:8 (BHS d:8)
BCS d:8 (BLO d:8)
BNE d:8
— — — — — ↕ 6
4
2
— — — — — — 4
C∨Z=0
2
— — — — — — 4
C∨Z=1
2
— — — — — — 4
C=0
2
— — — — — — 4
C=1
2
— — — — — — 4
Z=0
2
— — — — — — 4
Z=1
2
— — — — — — 4
V=0
2
— — — — — — 4
V=1
2
— — — — — — 4
N=0
2
— — — — — — 4
N=1
2
— — — — — — 4
N⊕V = 0
2
— — — — — — 4
BLT d:8
—
N⊕V = 1
2
— — — — — — 4
BGT d:8
—
Z ∨ (N⊕V) = 0
2
— — — — — — 4
BLE d:8
—
Z ∨ (N⊕V) = 1
JMP @Rn
— PC ← Rn16
JMP @aa:16
— PC ← aa:16
JMP @@aa:8
— PC ← @aa:8
BSR d:8
— SP–2 → SP
PC → @SP
PC ← PC+d:8
2
— — — — — — 4
2
— — — — — — 4
4
— — — — — — 6
2
2
305
— — — — — — 8
— — — — — — 6
Table A-1 Instruction Set (cont)
JSR @Rn
— SP–2 → SP
PC → @SP
PC ← Rn16
JSR @aa:16
— SP–2 → SP
PC → @SP
PC ← aa:16
JSR @@aa:8
2
No. of States
Condition Code
I H N Z V C
— — — — — — 6
4
SP–2 → SP
PC → @SP
PC ← @aa:8
Implied
@@aa
@(d:8, PC)
@aa: 8/16
@–Rn/@Rn+
@(d:16, Rn)
@Rn
Rn
Operation
#xx: 8/16
Mnemonic
Operand Size
Addressing Mode/
Instruction Length (bytes)
— — — — — — 8
2
— — — — — — 8
RTS
— PC ← @SP
SP+2 → SP
2 — — — — — — 8
RTE
— CCR ← @SP
SP+2 → SP
PC ← @SP
SP+2 → SP
2 ↕
SLEEP
— Transit to sleep mode.
2 — — — — — — 2
LDC #xx:8, CCR
B #xx:8 → CCR
LDC Rs, CCR
B Rs8 → CCR
STC CCR, Rd
B CCR → Rd8
ANDC #xx:8, CCR
B CCR∧#xx:8 → CCR
↕
↕
↕
↕ 10
↕
↕
↕
↕
↕
↕ 2
2
↕
↕
↕
↕
↕
↕ 2
2
— — — — — — 2
2
2
↕
↕
↕
↕
↕
↕
↕ 2
ORC #xx:8, CCR
B CCR∨#xx:8 → CCR
2
↕
↕
↕
↕
↕
↕ 2
XORC #xx:8, CCR
B CCR⊕#xx:8 → CCR
2
↕
↕
↕
↕
↕
↕ 2
NOP
— PC ← PC+2
2 — — — — — — 2
Notes: The number of states is the number of states required for execution when the instruction and its
operands are located in on-chip memory.
➀ Set to 1 when there is a carry or borrow from bit 11; otherwise cleared to 0.
➁ If the result is zero, the previous value of the flag is retained; otherwise the flag is cleared to 0.
➂ Set to 1 if decimal adjustment produces a carry; otherwise cleared to 0.
➃ The number of states required for execution is 4n+8 (n = value of R4L).
➄ These instructions are not supported by the H8/3437 Series.
➅ Set to 1 if the divisor is negative; otherwise cleared to 0.
➆ Set to 1 if the divisor is zero; otherwise cleared to 0.
306
A.2 Operation Code Map
Table A-2 is a map of the operation codes contained in the first byte of the instruction code (bits 15
to 8 of the first instruction word).
Some pairs of instructions have identical first bytes. These instructions are differentiated by the first
bit of the second byte (bit 7 of the first instruction word).
Instruction when first bit of byte 2 (bit 7 of first instruction word) is 0.
Instruction when first bit of byte 2 (bit 7 of first instruction word) is 1.
307
XOR
AND
MOV
D
E
F
SUB
ADD
MOV
BVS
9
JMP
BPL
DEC
INC
A
EEPMOV
C
CMP
MOV
BLT
D
JSR
BGT
SUBX
ADDX
E
Bit manipulation instructions
BGE
MOV*1
BMI
SUBS
ADDS
B
Notes: 1. The MOVFPE and MOVTPE instructions are identical to MOV instructions in the first byte and first bit of the second byte (bits 15 to 7 of the instruction word).
The PUSH and POP instructions are identical in machine language to MOV instructions.
2. The BT, BF, BHS, and BLO instructions are identical in machine language to BRA, BRN, BCC, and BCS, respectively.
OR
C
BILD
SUBX
BIAND
BAND
8
BVC
B
BIXOR
BXOR
BIST
BLD
BST
BEQ
CMP
BIOR
BOR
RTE
BNE
MOV
NEG
NOT
LDC
7
A
BTS
BSR
BCS*2
AND
ANDC
XORC
XOR
6
5
ADDX
BCLR
RTS
BCC*2
OR
ORC
4
9
BNOT
BLS
ROTR
ROTXR
LDC
3
ADD
BSET
BHI
ROTL
ROTXL
STC
2
8
7
6
DIVXU
MULXU
5
SHAR
BRN*2
SHAL
SHLR
SLEEP
NOP
SHLL
1
0
BRA*2
Low
4
3
2
1
0
High
Table A-2 Operation Code Map
#"#
308
BLE
DAS
DAA
F
A.3 Number of States Required for Execution
The tables below can be used to calculate the number of states required for instruction execution.
Table A-3 indicates the number of states required for each cycle (instruction fetch, branch address
read, stack operation, byte data access, word data access, internal operation). Table A-4 indicates
the number of cycles of each type occurring in each instruction. The total number of states required
for execution of an instruction can be calculated from these two tables as follows:
Execution states = I × SI + J × SJ + K × SK + L × SL + M × SM + N × SN
Examples: Mode 1 (on-chip ROM disabled), stack located in external memory, 1 wait state inserted
in external memory access.
1.
BSET #0, @FFC7
From table A-4: I = L = 2, J = K = M = N= 0
From table A-3: SI = 8, SL = 3
Number of states required for execution: 2 × 8 + 2 × 3 =22
2.
JSR @@30
From table A-4: I = 2, J = K = 1, L = M = N = 0
From table A-3: SI = SJ = SK = 8
Number of states required for execution: 2 × 8 + 1 × 8 + 1 × 8 = 32
Table A-3. Number of States Taken by Each Cycle in Instruction Execution
Access location
Execution Status
(Instruction Cycle)
On-Chip Memory
On-Chip Reg. Field
External Memory
2
6
6 + 2m
Instruction fetch
SI
Branch address read
SJ
Stack operation
SK
Byte data access
SL
3
3+m
Word data access
SM
6
6 + 2m
Internal operation
SN
1
1
1
Notes: m: Number of wait states inserted in access to external device.
309
Table A-4 Number of Cycles in Each Instruction
Instruction Mnemonic
ADD
Instruction Branch
Stack
Byte Data Word Data Internal
Fetch
Addr. Read Operation Access
Access
Operation
I
J
K
L
M
N
ADD.B #xx:8, Rd
1
ADD.B Rs, Rd
1
ADD.W Rs, Rd
1
ADDS
ADDS.W #1/2, Rd
1
ADDX
ADDX.B #xx:8, Rd
1
ADDX.B Rs, Rd
1
AND
AND.B #xx:8, Rd
1
AND.B Rs, Rd
1
ANDC
ANDC #xx:8, CCR
1
BAND
BAND #xx:3, Rd
1
BAND #xx:3, @Rd
2
1
BAND #xx:3, @aa:8
2
1
BRA d:8 (BT d:8)
2
BRN d:8 (BF d:8)
2
Bcc
BCLR
BHI d:8
2
BLS d:8
2
BCC d:8 (BHS d:8)
2
BCS d:8 (BLO d:8)
2
BNE d:8
2
BEQ d:8
2
BVC d:8
2
BVS d:8
2
BPL d:8
2
BMI d:8
2
BGE d:8
2
BLT d:8
2
BGT d:8
2
BLE d:8
2
BCLR #xx:3, Rd
1
BCLR #xx:3, @Rd
2
2
BCLR #xx:3, @aa:8
2
2
BCLR Rn, Rd
1
BCLR Rn, @Rd
2
2
BCLR Rn, @aa:8
2
2
Note: All values left blank are zero.
310
Table A-4 Number of Cycles in Each Instruction (cont)
Instruction Mnemonic
BIAND
BILD
BIOR
BIST
BIXOR
BLD
BNOT
BOR
BSET
Instruction Branch
Stack
Byte Data Word Data Internal
Fetch
Addr. Read Operation Access
Access
Operation
I
J
K
L
M
N
BIAND #xx:3, Rd
1
BIAND #xx:3, @Rd
2
1
BIAND #xx:3, @aa:8
2
1
BILD #xx:3, Rd
1
BILD #xx:3, @Rd
2
1
BILD #xx:3, @aa:8
2
1
BIOR #xx:3, Rd
1
BIOR #xx:3, @Rd
2
1
BIOR #xx:3, @aa:8
2
1
BIST #xx:3, Rd
1
BIST #xx:3, @Rd
2
2
BIST #xx:3, @aa:8
2
2
BIXOR #xx:3, Rd
1
BIXOR #xx:3, @Rd
2
1
BIXOR #xx:3, @aa:8
2
1
BLD #xx:3, Rd
1
BLD #xx:3, @Rd
2
1
BLD #xx:3, @aa:8
2
1
BNOT #xx:3, Rd
1
BNOT #xx:3, @Rd
2
2
BNOT #xx:3, @aa:8
2
2
BNOT Rn, Rd
1
BNOT Rn, @Rd
2
2
BNOT Rn, @aa:8
2
2
BOR #xx:3, Rd
1
BOR #xx:3, @Rd
2
1
BOR #xx:3, @aa:8
2
1
BSET #xx:3, Rd
1
BSET #xx:3, @Rd
2
2
BSET #xx:3, @aa:8
2
2
BSET Rn, Rd
1
BSET Rn, @Rd
2
2
BSET Rn, @aa:8
2
2
Note: All values left blank are zero.
311
Table A-4 Number of Cycles in Each Instruction (cont)
Instruction Mnemonic
Instruction Branch
Stack
Byte Data Word Data Internal
Fetch
Addr. Read Operation Access
Access
Operation
I
J
K
L
M
N
BSR
BSR d:8
2
BST
BST #xx:3, Rd
1
BST #xx:3, @Rd
2
2
BST #xx:3, @aa:8
2
2
BTST #xx:3, Rd
1
BTST #xx:3, @Rd
2
1
BTST #xx:3, @aa:8
2
1
BTST Rn, Rd
1
BTST Rn, @Rd
2
1
BTST Rn, @aa:8
2
1
BXOR #xx:3, Rd
1
BXOR #xx:3, @Rd
2
1
BXOR #xx:3, @aa:8
2
1
CMP.B #xx:8, Rd
1
CMP.B Rs, Rd
1
CMP.W Rs, Rd
1
DAA
DAA.B Rd
1
DAS
DAS.B Rd
1
DEC
DEC.B Rd
1
DIVXU
DIVXU.B Rs, Rd
1
EEPMOV
EEPMOV
2
INC
INC.B Rd
1
JMP
JMP @Rn
2
JMP @aa:16
2
BTST
BXOR
CMP
JSR
LDC
MOV
JMP @@aa:8
2
JSR @Rn
2
JSR @aa:16
2
JSR @@aa:8
2
LDC #xx:8, CCR
1
LDC Rs, CCR
1
MOV.B #xx:8, Rd
1
MOV.B Rs, Rd
1
1
12
2n+2*
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
MOV.B @Rs, Rd
1
1
MOV.B @(d:16,Rs), Rd
2
1
Notes: All values left blank are zero.
* n: Initial value in R4L. Source and destination are accessed n + 1 times each.
312
Table A-4 Number of Cycles in Each Instruction (cont)
Instruction Mnemonic
Instruction Branch
Stack
Byte Data Word Data Internal
Fetch
Addr. Read Operation Access
Access
Operation
I
J
K
L
M
N
MOV
MOV.B @Rs+, Rd
1
1
MOV.B @aa:8, Rd
1
1
MOV.B @aa:16, Rd
2
1
MOV.B Rs, @Rd
1
1
MOV.B Rs, @(d:16, Rd) 2
1
MOV.B Rs, @–Rd
1
1
MOV.B Rs, @aa:8
1
1
MOV.B Rs, @aa:16
2
1
2
2
MOV.W #xx:16, Rd
2
MOV.W Rs, Rd
1
MOV.W @Rs, Rd
1
1
MOV.W @(d:16, Rs), Rd 2
1
MOV.W @Rs+, Rd
1
1
MOV.W @aa:16, Rd
2
1
MOV.W Rs, @Rd
1
1
MOV.W Rs, @(d:16, Rd) 2
1
MOV.W Rs, @–Rd
1
1
MOV.W Rs, @aa:16
2
1
MOVFPE
MOVFPE @aa:16, Rd
Not supported
MOVTPE
MOVTPE.Rs, @aa:16
Not supported
MULXU
MULXU.Rs, Rd
1
NEG
NEG.B Rd
1
NOP
NOP
1
NOT
NOT.B Rd
1
OR
OR.B #xx:8, Rd
1
OR.B Rs, Rd
1
2
2
12
ORC
ORC #xx:8, CCR
1
POP
POP Rd
1
1
2
PUSH
PUSH Rd
1
1
2
ROTL
ROTL.B Rd
1
ROTR
ROTR.B Rd
1
ROTXL
ROTXL.B Rd
1
ROTXR
ROTXR.B Rd
1
RTE
RTE
2
2
2
RTS
RTS
2
1
2
Note: All values left blank are zero.
313
Table A-4 Number of Cycles in Each Instruction (cont)
Instruction Mnemonic
Instruction Branch
Stack
Byte Data Word Data Internal
Fetch
Addr. Read Operation Access
Access
Operation
I
J
K
L
M
N
SHAL
SHAL.B Rd
1
SHAR
SHAR.B Rd
1
SHLL
SHLL.B Rd
1
SHLR
SHLR.B Rd
1
SLEEP
SLEEP
1
STC
STC CCR, Rd
1
SUB
SUB.B Rs, Rd
1
SUB.W Rs, Rd
1
SUBS
SUBS.W #1/2, Rd
1
SUBX
SUBX.B #xx:8, Rd
1
SUBX.B Rs, Rd
1
XOR
XOR.B #xx:8, Rd
1
XOR.B Rs, Rd
1
XORC
XORC #xx:8, CCR
1
Note: All values left blank are zero.
314
Appendix B Internal I/O Register
B.1 Addresses
Addr.
(Last
Byte)
Register
Name
Bit 7
Bit Names
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Module
External
addresses
(in expanded modes)
H'80
H'81
H'82
H'83
H'84
H'85
H'86
H'87
H'88
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'89
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'8A
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'8B
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'8C
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'8D
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'8E
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'8F
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'90
TIER
ICIAE
ICIBE
ICICE
ICIDE
OCIAE
OCIBE
OVIE
—
H'91
TCSR
ICFA
ICFB
ICFC
ICFD
OCFA
OCFB
OVF
CCLRA
H'92
FRCH
H'93
FRCL
H'94
—
FRT
OCRAH
OCRBH
H'95
OCRAL
OCRBL
H'96
TCR
IEDGA
IEDGB
IEDGC
IEDGD
BUFEA
BUFEB
CKS1
CKS0
H'97
TOCR
—
—
—
OCRS
OEA
OEB
OLVLA
OLVLB
H'98
ICRAH
H'99
ICRAL
H'9A
ICRBH
H'9B
ICRBL
H'9C
ICRCH
H'9D
ICRCL
H'9E
ICRDH
H'9F
ICRDL
Notes: FRT: Free-running timer
(Continued on next page)
315
(Continued from previous page)
Addr.
(Last
Byte)
Register
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Module
H'A0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'A1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'A2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'A3
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'A4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'A5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'A6
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'A7
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'A8
TCSR/TCNT OVF
WT/IT
TME
—
RST/NMI CKS2
CKS1
CKS0
WDT
H'A9
TCNT
H'AA
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'AB
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'AC
P1PCR
P17PCR
P16PCR
P15PCR
P14PCR
P13PCR
P12PCR
P11PCR
P10PCR
Port 1
Bit Names
H'AD
P2PCR
P27PCR
P26PCR
P25PCR
P24PCR
P23PCR
P22PCR
P21PCR
P20PCR
Port 2
H'AE
P3PCR
P37PCR
P36PCR
P35PCR
P34PCR
P33PCR
P32PCR
P31PCR
P30PCR
Port 3
H'AF
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'B0
P1DDR
P17DDR
P16DDR
P15DDR
P14DDR
P13DDR
P12DDR
P11DDR
P10DDR
Port 1
H'B1
P2DDR
P27DDR
P26DDR
P25DDR
P24DDR
P23DDR
P22DDR
P21DDR
P20DDR
Port 2
H'B2
P1DR
P17
P16
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
Port 1
H'B3
P2DR
P27
P26
P25
P24
P23
P22
P21
P20
Port 2
H'B4
P3DDR
P37DDR
P36DDR
P35DDR
P34DDR
P33DDR
P32DDR
P31DDR
P30DDR
Port 3
H'B5
P4DDR
P47DDR
P46DDR
P45DDR
P44DDR
P43DDR
P42DDR
P41DDR
P40DDR
Port 4
H'B6
P3DR
P37
P36
P35
P34
P33
P32
P31
P30
Port 3
H'B7
P4DR
P47
P46
P45
P44
P43
P42
P41
P40
Port 4
H'B8
P5DDR
—
—
—
—
—
P52DDR
P51DDR
P50DDR
Port 5
H'B9
P6DDR
P67DDR
P66DDR
P65DDR
P64DDR
P63DDR
P62DDR
P61DDR
P60DDR
Port 6
H'BA
P5DR
—
—
—
—
—
P52
P51
P50
Port 5
H'BB
P6DR
P67
P66
P65
P64
P63
P62
P61
P60
Port 6
Notes: WDT: Watchdog timer
(Continued on next page)
316
(Continued from preceding page)
Addr.
(Last
Byte)
Register
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Module
H'BC
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Bit Names
H'BD
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'BE
P7PIN
P77
P76
P75
P74
P73
P72
P71
P70
Port 7
H'BF
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'C0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'C1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'C2
WSCR
—
—
CKDBL
—
WMS1
WMS0
WC1
WC0
H'C3
STCR
—
—
—
—
—
MPE
ICKS1
ICKS0
System
control
H'C4
SYSCR
SSBY
STS2
STS1
STS0
XRST
NMIEG
—
RAME
H'C5
MDCR
—
—
—
—
—
—
MDS1
MDS0
H'C6
ISCR
—
—
—
—
—
IRQ2SC
IRQ1SC
IRQ0SC
H'C7
IER
—
—
—
—
—
IRQ2E
IRQ1E
IRQ0E
H'C8
TCR
CMIEB
CMIEA
OVIE
CCLR1
CCLR0
CKS2
CKS1
CKS0
H'C9
TCSR
CMFB
CMFA
OVF
—
OS3
OS2
OS1
OS0
H'CA
TCORA
H'CB
TCORB
H'CC
TCNT
H'CD
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'CE
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'CF
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'D0
TCR
CMIEB
CMIEA
OVIE
CCLR1
CCLR0
CKS2
CKS1
CKS0
H'D1
TCSR
CMFB
CMFA
OVF
—
OS3
OS2
OS1
OS0
H'D2
TCORA
H'D3
TCORB
H'D4
TCNT
H'D5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'D6
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'D7
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Notes: TMR0: 8-bit timer channel 0
TMR1: 8-bit timer channel 1
TMR0
TMR1
—
(Continued on next page)
317
(Continued from preceding page)
Addr.
(Last
Byte)
Register
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Module
H'D8
SMR
C/A
CHR
PE
O/E
STOP
MP
CKS1
CKS0
SCI
H'D9
BRR
H'DA
SCR
TIE
RIE
TE
RE
MPIE
TEIE
CKE1
CKE0
TDRE
RDRF
ORER
FER
PER
TEND
MPB
MPBT
Bit Names
H'DB
TDR
H'DC
SSR
H'DD
RDR
H'DE
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'DF
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'E0
ADDRAH AD9
AD8
AD7
AD6
AD5
AD4
AD3
AD2
H'E1
ADDRAL AD1
AD0
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'E2
ADDRBH AD9
AD8
AD7
AD6
AD5
AD4
AD3
AD2
H'E3
ADDRBL AD1
AD0
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'E4
ADDRCH AD9
AD8
AD7
AD6
AD5
AD4
AD3
AD2
H'E5
ADDRCL AD1
AD0
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'E6
ADDRDH AD9
AD8
AD7
AD6
AD5
AD4
AD3
AD2
H'E7
ADDRDL AD1
AD0
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'E8
ADCSR
ADF
ADIE
ADST
SCAN
CKS
CH2
CH1
CH0
H'E9
ADCR
TRGE
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'EA
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'EB
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'EC
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'ED
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'EE
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'EF
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Notes: A/D: Analog-to-digital converter
SCI: Serial communication interface
A/D
—
—
(Continued on next page)
318
(Continued from preceding page)
Addr.
(Last
Byte)
Register
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Module
H'F0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'F1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'F2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'F3
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'F4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'F5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'F6
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'F7
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'F8
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'F9
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'FA
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'FB
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'FC
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'FD
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'FE
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
H'FF
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Bit Names
319
B.2 Function Descriptions
Address onto which
register is mapped
Register name
Abbreviation
of register
name
TIER—Timer Interrupt Enable Register
Bit No.
Bit
Initial value
Initial value
Read/Write
7
ICIAE
0
R/W
6
ICIBE
0
R/W
5
ICICE
0
R/W
H'FF90
4
ICIDE
0
R/W
3
2
OCIAE OCIBE
0
0
R/W
R/W
FRT
1
OVIE
0
R/W
0
—
1
—
Name of
on-chip
supporting
module
Bit names
(abbreviations).
Bits marked “—”
are reserved.
Type of access permitted
R Read only
W Write only
R/W Read or write
Overflow Interrupt Enable
0 Overflow interrupt request is disabled.
1 Overflow interrupt request is enabled.
Output Compare Interrupt B Enable
0 Output compare interrupt request B is disabled.
1 Output compare interrupt request B is enabled.
Output Compare Interrupt A Enable
0 Output compare interrupt request A is disabled.
1 Output compare interrupt request A is enabled.
Input Capture Interrupt D Enable
0 Input capture interrupt request D is disabled.
1 Input capture interrupt request D is enabled.
320
Full name
of bit
Description
of bit function
TIER—Timer Interrupt Enable Register
Bit
H'FF90
FRT
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ICIAE
ICIBE
ICICE
ICIDE
OCIAE
OCIBE
OVIE
—
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
—
Overflow Interrupt Enable
0 Overflow interrupt request is disabled.
1 Overflow interrupt request is enabled.
Output Compare Interrupt B Enable
0 Output compare interrupt request B is disabled.
1 Output compare interrupt request B is enabled.
Output Compare Interrupt A Enable
0 Output compare interrupt request A is disabled.
1 Output compare interrupt request A is enabled.
Input Capture Interrupt D Enable
0 Input capture interrupt request D is disabled.
1 Input capture interrupt request D is enabled.
Input Capture Interrupt C Enable
0 Input capture interrupt request C is disabled.
1 Input capture interrupt request C is enabled.
Input Capture Interrupt B Enable
0 Input capture interrupt request B is disabled.
1 Input capture interrupt request B is enabled.
Input Capture Interrupt A Enable
0 Input capture interrupt request A is disabled.
1 Input capture interrupt request A is enabled.
321
TCSR—Timer Control/Status Register
Bit
H'FF91
FRT
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ICFA
ICFB
ICFC
ICFD
OCFA
OCFB
OVF
CCLRA
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/(W) *
R/(W) *
R/W
R/(W) *
R/(W) *
R/(W) *
R/(W) *
R/(W) *
Counter Clear A
0 FRC count is not cleared.
1 FRC count is cleared by compare-match A.
Timer Overflow Flag
0 Cleared by reading OVF = 1, then writing 0 in OVF.
1 Set when FRC changes from H'FFFF to H'0000.
Output Compare Flag B
0 Cleared by reading OCFB = 1, then writing 0 in OCFB.
1 Set when FRC = OCRB.
Output Compare Flag A
0 Cleared by reading OCFA = 1, then writing 0 in OCFA.
1 Set when FRC = OCRA.
Input Capture Flag D
0 Cleared by reading ICFD = 1, then writing 0 in ICFD.
1 When input capture signal is generated.
Input Capture Flag C
0 Cleared by reading ICFC = 1, then writing 0 in ICFC.
1 When input capture signal is generated.
Input Capture Flag B
0 Cleared by reading ICFB = 1, then writing 0 in ICFB.
1 Set when FTIB input causes FRC to be copied to ICRB.
nput Capture Flag A
0 Cleared by reading ICFA = 1, then writing 0 in ICFA.
1 Set when FTIA input causes FRC to be copied to ICRA.
Note: * Software can write a 0 in bits 7 to 1 to clear the flags, but cannot write a 1 in these bits.
322
FRC (H and L)—Free-Running Counter
Bit
Initial value
Read/Write
H'FF92, H'FF93
FRT
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Count value
OCRA (H and L)—Output Compare Register A
Bit
Initial value
Read/Write
H'FF94, H'FF95
FRT
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Continually compared with FRC. OCFA is set to 1 when OCRA = FRC.
OCRB (H and L)—Output Compare Register B
H'FF94, H'FF95
FRT
Bit
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Read/Write
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Continually compared with FRC. OCFB is set to 1 when OCRB = FRC.
323
TCR—Timer Control Register
Bit
H'FF96
FRT
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
IEDGA
IEDGB
IEDGC
IEDGD
BUFEA
BUFEB
CKS1
CKS0
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Clock Select
0 0 Internal clock source: øP/2
0 1 Internal clock source: øP/8
1 0 Internal clock source: øP/32
1 1 External clock source: counted on rising edge
Buffer Enable B
0 ICRD is used for input capture D.
1 ICRD is buffer register for input capture B.
Buffer Enable A
0 ICRC is used for input capture C.
1 ICRC is buffer register for input capture A.
Input Edge Select D
0 Falling edge of FTID is valid.
1 Rising edge of FTID is valid.
Input Edge Select C
0 Falling edge of FTIC is valid.
1 Rising edge of FTIC is valid.
Input Edge Select B
0 Falling edge of FTIB is valid.
1 Rising edge of FTIB is valid.
Input Edge Select A
0 Falling edge of FTIA is valid.
1 Rising edge of FTIA is valid.
324
TOCR—Timer Output Compare Control Register
Bit
H'FF97
FRT
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
OCRS
OEA
OEB
OLVLA
OLVLB
Initial value
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
—
—
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Output Level B
0 Compare-match B causes 0 output.
1 Compare-match B causes 1 output.
Output Level A
0 Compare-match A causes 0 output.
1 Compare-match A causes 1 output.
Output Enable B
0 Output compare B output is disabled.
1 Output compare B output is enabled.
Output Enable A
0 Output compare A output is disabled.
1 Output compare A output is enabled.
Output Compare Register Select
0 The CPU can access OCRA.
1 The CPU can access OCRB.
ICRA (H and L)—Input Capture Register A
H'FF98, H'FF99
FRT
Bit
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Contains FRC count captured on FTIA input.
325
ICRB (H and L)—Input Capture Register B
H'FF9A, H'FF9B
FRT
Bit
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Contains FRC count captured on FTIB input.
ICRC (H and L)—Input Capture Register C
Bit
15
14
13
12
11
10
H'FF9C, H'FF9D
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
FRT
2
1
0
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Contains FRC count captured on FTIC input, or old ICRA value in buffer mode.
ICRD (H and L)—Input Capture Register D
H'FF9E, H'FF9F
FRT
Bit
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Contains FRC count captured on FTID input, or old ICRB value in buffer mode.
326
TCSR—Timer Control/Status Register
Bit
H’FFA8
WDT
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
OVF
WT/IT
TME
—
RST/NMI
CKS2
CKS1
CKS0
Initial value
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/(W)*
R/W
R/W
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Clock Select 2 to 0
0 0 0 øP/2
1 øP/32
1 0 øP/64
1 øP/128
1 0 0 øP/256
1 øP/512
1 0 øP/2048
1 øP/4096
Reset or NMI Select
0 NMI function enabled
1 Reset function enabled
Timer Enable
0 Timer disabled: TCNT is initialized to H’00 and
stopped
1 Timer enabled: TCNT runs; CPU interrupts can be
requested
Timer Mode Select
0 Interval timer mode (interval timer interrupt request)
1 Watchdog timer mode (generates reset or NMI signal)
Overflow Flag
0 Cleared by reading OVF = 1, then writing 1 in OVF
1 Set when TCNT changes from H’FF to H’00
Note: * Only 0 can be written, to clear the flag.
327
TCNT—Timer Counter
H’FFA9 (read),
H’FFA8 (write)
WDT
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Count value
P1PCR—Port 1 Input Pull-Up Control Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
H'FFAC
3
2
Port 1
1
0
P17PCR P16PCR P15PCR P14PCR P13PCR P12PCR P11PCR P10PCR
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Port 1 Input Pull-Up Control
0 Input pull-up transistor is off.
1 Input pull-up transistor is on.
P2PCR—Port 2 Input Pull-Up Control Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
H'FFAD
3
2
Port 2
1
0
P27PCR P26PCR P25PCR P24PCR P23PCR P22PCR P21PCR P20PCR
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Port 2 Input Pull-Up Control
0 Input pull-up transistor is off.
1 Input pull-up transistor is on.
328
P3PCR—Port 3 Input Pull-Up Control Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
H'FFAE
3
2
Port 3
1
0
P37PCR P36PCR P35PCR P34PCR P33PCR P32PCR P31PCR P30PCR
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Port 3 Input Pull-Up Control
0 Input pull-up transistor is off.
1 Input pull-up transistor is on.
P1DDR—Port 1 Data Direction Register
Bit
7
6
H'FFB0
5
4
3
2
Port 1
1
0
P17DDR P16DDR P15DDR P14DDR P13DDR P12DDR P11DDR P10DDR
Mode 1
Initial value
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Read/Write
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
Modes 2 and 3
Port 1 Input/Output Control
0 Input port
1 Output port
P1DR—Port 1 Data Register
Bit
H'FFB2
Port 1
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P17
P16
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
329
P2DDR—Port 2 Data Direction Register
Bit
7
6
H'FFB1
5
4
3
2
Port 2
1
0
P27DDR P26DDR P25DDR P24DDR P23DDR P22DDR P21DDR P20DDR
Mode 1
Initial value
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Read/Write
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
Modes 2 and 3
Port 2 Input/Output Control
0 Input port
1 Output port
P2DR—Port 2 Data Register
Bit
H'FFB3
Port 2
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P27
P26
P25
P24
P23
P22
P21
P20
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
P3DDR—Port 3 Data Direction Register
Bit
7
6
H'FFB4
5
4
3
2
Port 3
1
0
P37DDR P36DDR P35DDR P34DDR P33DDR P32DDR P31DDR P30DDR
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
Port 3 Input/Output Control
0 Input port
1 Output port
330
P3DR—Port 3 Data Register
Bit
H'FFB6
Port 3
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P37
P36
P35
P34
P33
P32
P31
P30
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
P4DDR—Port 4 Data Direction Register
Bit
7
6
H'FFB5
5
4
3
Port 4
2
1
0
P47DDR P46DDR P45DDR P44DDR P43DDR P42DDR P41DDR P40DDR
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
Port 4 Input/Output Control
0 Input port
1 Output port
P4DR—Port 4 Data Register
Bit
H'FFB7
Port 4
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P47
P46
P45
P44
P43
P42
P41
P40
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
P5DDR—Port 5 Data Direction Register
Bit
H'FFB8
7
6
5
4
3
2
Port 5
1
0
P52DDR P51DDR P50DDR
—
—
—
—
—
Initial value
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
Read/Write
—
—
—
—
—
W
W
W
Port 5 Input/Output Control
0 Input port
1 Output port
331
P5DR—Port 5 Data Register
Bit
H'FFBA
Port 5
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
—
P52
P51
P50
Initial value
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
Read/Write
—
—
—
—
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
P6DDR—Port 6 Data Direction Register
Bit
7
6
5
H'FFB9
4
3
2
Port 6
1
0
P67DDR P66DDR P65DDR P64DDR P63DDR P62DDR P61DDR P60DDR
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
Port 6 Input/Output Control
0 Input port
1 Output port
P6DR—Port 6 Data Register
Bit
H'FFBB
Port 6
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P67
P66
P65
P64
P63
P62
P61
P60
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
P7PIN—Port 7 Input Register
Bit
H'FFBE
Port 7
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P77
P76
P75
P74
P73
P72
P71
P70
Initial value
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Read/Write
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Note: * Depends on the levels of pins P77 to P70.
332
WSCR—Wait-State Control Register
Bit
H'FFC2
System Control
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
CKDBL
—
WMS1
WMS0
WC1
WC0
Initial value
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Wait Count
0 0 No wait states inserted by wait-state controller
0 1 1 state inserted
1 0 2 states inserted
1 1 3 states inserted
Wait Mode Select
0 0 Programmable wait mode
0 1 No wait states inserted by wait-state controller
1 0 Pin wait mode
1 1 Pin auto-wait mode
Clock Double
0 Supporting module clock frequency is not divided (øP = ø)
1 Supporting module clock frequency is divided by two (øP = ø/2)
333
STCR—Serial/Timer Control Register
Bit
H'FFC3
System Control
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
—
MPE
ICKS1
ICKS0
Initial value
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
Read/Write
—
—
—
—
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
Internal Clock Source Select
See TCR under TMR0 and TMR1.
Multiprocessor Enable
0 Multiprocessor communication function is disabled.
1 Multiprocessor communication function is enabled.
334
SYSCR—System Control Register
Bit
H'FFC4
System Control
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SSBY
STS2
STS1
STS0
XRST
NMIEG
–
RAME
Initial value
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R
R/W
–
R/W
RAM Enable
0 On-chip RAM is disabled.
1 On-chip RAM is disabled. (initial value)
NMI Edge
0 Falling edge of NMI is detected.
1 Rising edge of NMI is detected.
External Reset
0 Reset was caused by watchdog timer overflow.
1 Reset was caused by external reset signal (initial vaue)
Standby Timer Select
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
–
–
Clock setting time = 8, 192 states (initial value)
Clock setting time = 16, 384 states
Clock setting time = 32, 7682 states
Clock setting time = 65, 536 states
Clock setting time = 131, 072 states
Disabled
Software Standby
0 SLEEP instruction causes transition to sleep mode, (initial value)
1 SLEEP instruction causes transition to software standby mode.
335
MDCR—Mode Control Register
Bit
H'FFC5
System Control
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
—
—
MDS1
MDS0
Initial value
1
1
1
0
0
1
*
*
Read/Write
—
—
—
—
—
—
R
R
Mode Select Bits
Value at mode pins.
Note: * Determined by inputs at pins MD1 and MD0.
ISCR—IRQ Sense Control Register
Bit
H'FFC6
7
6
5
4
3
2
System Control
1
0
IRQ2SC IRQ1SC IRQ0SC
—
—
—
—
—
Initial value
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
Read/Write
—
—
—
—
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
IRQ0 to IRQ2 Sense Control
0 IRQ0 to IRQ2 are level-sensed (active low).
1 IRQ0 to IRQ2 are edge-sensed (falling edge).
IER—IRQ Enable Register
Bit
H'FFC7
System Control
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
—
IRQ2E
IRQ1E
IRQ0E
Initial value
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
Read/Write
—
—
—
—
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
IRQ0 to IRQ2 Enable
0 IRQ0 to IRQ2 are disabled.
1 IRQ0 to IRQ2 are enabled.
336
TCR—Timer Control Register
Bit
H'FFC8
TMR0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CMIEB
CMIEA
OVIE
CCLR1
CCLR0
CKS2
CKS1
CKS0
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Clock Select
TCR
STCR
Description
CKS2 CKS1 CKS0 ICKS1 ICKS0
0
0
0
—
—
Timer stopped
0
0
1
—
0
øP /8 internal clock, falling edge
0
0
1
—
1
øP /2 internal clock, falling edge
0
1
0
—
0
øP /64 internal clock, falling edge
0
1
0
—
1
øP /32 internal clock, falling edge
0
1
1
—
0
øP /1024 internal clock, falling edge
0
1
1
—
1
øP /256 internal clock, falling edge
1
0
0
—
—
Timer stopped
1
0
1
—
—
External clock, rising edge
1
1
0
—
—
External clock, falling edge
1
1
1
—
—
External clock, rising and falling edges
Counter Clear
0 0 Counter is not cleared.
0 1 Cleared by compare-match A.
1 0 Cleared by compare-match B.
1 1 Cleared on rising edge of external reset input.
Timer Overflow Interrupt Enable
0 Overflow interrupt request is disabled.
1 Overflow interrupt request is enabled.
Compare-Match Interrupt Enable A
0 Compare-match A interrupt request is disabled.
1 Compare-match A interrupt request is enabled.
Compare-Match Interrupt Enable B
0 Compare-match B interrupt request is disabled.
1 Compare-match B interrupt request is enabled.
337
TCSR—Timer Control/Status Register
Bit
7
CMFB
Initial value
Read/Write
6
5
CMFA
OVF
0
0
0
R/(W) *1
H'FFC9
4
—
R/(W)*1 R/(W)*1
3
OS3 *2
2
OS2 *2
TMR0
1
OS1*2
0
OS0*2
0
0
0
0
0
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Output Select
0 0 No change on compare-match A.
0 1 Output 0 on compare-match A.
1 0 Output 1 on compare-match A.
1 1 Invert (toggle) output on compare-match A.
Output Select
0 0 No change on compare-match B.
0 1 Output 0 on compare-match B.
1 0 Output 1 on compare-match B.
1 1 Invert (toggle) output on compare-match B.
Timer Overflow Flag
0 Cleared by reading OVF = 1, then writing 0 in OVF.
1 Set when TCNT changes from H'FF to H'00.
Compare-Match Flag A
0 Cleared by reading CMFA = 1, then writing 0 in CMFA.
1 Set when TCNT = TCORA.
Compare-Match Flag B
0 Cleared by reading CMFB = 1, then writing 0 in CMFB.
1 Set when TCNT = TCORB.
Notes: 1. Software can write a 0 in bits 7 to 5 to clear the flags, but cannot write a 1 in these bits.
2. When all four bits (OS3 to OS0) are cleared to 0, output is disabled.
338
TCORA—Time Constant Register A
H'FFCA
TMR0
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
The CMFA bit is set to 1 when TCORA = TCNT.
TCORB—Time Constant Register B
H'FFCB
TMR0
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
The CMFB bit is set to 1 when TCORB = TCNT.
TCNT—Timer Counter
Bit
7
H'FFCC
6
5
4
3
2
TMR0
1
0
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Count value
339
TCR—Timer Control Register
Bit
H'FFD0
TMR1
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CMIEB
CMIEA
OVIE
CCLR1
CCLR0
CKS2
CKS1
CKS0
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Clock Select
TCR
STCR
Description
CKS2 CKS1 CKS0 ICKS1 ICKS0
0
0
0
—
—
Timer stopped
0
0
1
0
—
øP /8 internal clock, falling edge
0
0
1
1
—
øP /2 internal clock, falling edge
0
1
0
0
—
øP /64 internal clock, falling edge
0
1
0
1
—
øP /128 internal clock, falling edge
0
1
1
0
—
øP /1024 internal clock, falling edge
0
1
1
1
—
øP /2048 internal clock, falling edge
1
0
0
—
—
Timer stopped
1
0
1
—
—
External clock, rising edge
1
1
0
—
—
External clock, falling edge
1
1
1
—
—
External clock, rising and falling edges
Counter Clear
0 0 Counter is not cleared.
0 1 Cleared by compare-match A.
1 0 Cleared by compare-match B.
1 1 Cleared on rising edge of external reset input.
Timer Overflow Interrupt Enable
0 Overflow interrupt request is disabled.
1 Overflow interrupt request is enabled.
Compare-Match Interrupt Enable A
0 Compare-match A interrupt request is disabled.
1 Compare-match A interrupt request is enabled.
Compare-Match Interrupt Enable B
0 Compare-match B interrupt request is disabled.
1 Compare-match B interrupt request is enabled.
340
TCSR—Timer Control/Status Register
Bit
Initial value
Read/Write
H'FFD1
TMR1
7
6
5
4
CMFB
CMFA
OVF
—
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/(W) *1
R/(W) *1
R/(W) *1
3
2
OS3*2
OS2 *2
1
OS1*2
0
OS0*2
Notes: Bit functions are the same as for TMR0.
1. Software can write a 0 in bits 7 to 5 to clear the flags, but cannot write a 1 in these bits.
2. When all four bits (OS3 to OS0) are cleared to 0, output is disabled.
TCORA—Time Constant Register A
H'FFD2
TMR1
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Note: Bit functions are the same as for TMR0.
TCORB—Time Constant Register B
H'FFD3
TMR1
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Note: Bit functions are the same as for TMR0.
TCNT—Timer Counter
H'FFD4
TMR1
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Note: Bit functions are the same as for TMR0.
341
SMR—Serial Mode Register
Bit
H'FFD8
SCI
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
C/A
CHR
PE
O/E
STOP
MP
CKS1
CKS0
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Clock Select
0 0 ø clock
0 1 øP /4 clock
1 0 øP /16 clock
1 1 øP /64 clock
Multiprocessor Mode
0 Multiprocessor function disabled
1 Multiprocessor format selected
Stop Bit Length
0 One stop bit
1 Two stop bits
Parity Mode
0 Even parity
1 Odd parity
Parity Enable
0 Transmit: No parity bit added.
Receive: Parity bit not checked.
1 Transmit: Parity bit added.
Receive: Parity bit checked.
Character Length
0 8-bit data length
1 7-bit data length
Communication Mode
0 Asynchronous
1 Synchronous
342
BRR—Bit Rate Register
H'FFD9
SCI
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Constant that determines the bit rate
343
SCR—Serial Control Register
Bit
H'FFDA
SCI
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TIE
RIE
TE
RE
MPIE
TEIE
CKE1
CKE0
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Clock Enable 0
0 Asynchronous serial clock not output
1 Asynchronous serial clock output at SCK pin
Clock Enable 1
0 Internal clock
1 External clock
Transmit End Interrupt Enable
0 TSR-empty interrupt request is disabled.
1 TSR-empty interrupt request is enabled.
Multiprocessor Interrupt Enable
0 Multiprocessor receive interrupt function is disabled.
1 Multiprocessor receive interrupt function is enabled.
Receive Enable
0 Receive disabled
1 Receive enabled
Transmit Enable
0 Transmit disabled
1 Transmit enabled
Receive Interrupt Enable
0 Receive interrupt and receive error interrupt requests are disabled.
1 Receive interrupt and receive error interrupt requests are enabled.
Transmit Interrupt Enable
0 TDR-empty interrupt request is disabled.
1 TDR-empty interrupt request is enabled.
344
TDR—Transmit Data Register
Bit
7
6
H'FFDB
5
4
3
2
SCI
1
0
Initial value
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Transmit data
345
SSR—Serial Status Register
Bit
H'FFDC
SCI
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TDRE
RDRF
ORER
FER
PER
TEND
MPB
MPBT
Initial value
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
Read/Write
R/(W) *
R
R
R/W
R/(W) *
R/(W) *
R/(W) *
R/(W) *
Multiprocessor Bit Transfer
0 Multiprocessor bit = 0 in transmit data.
1 Multiprocessor bit = 1 in transmit data.
Multiprocessor Bit
0 Multiprocessor bit = 0 in receive data.
1 Multiprocessor bit = 1 in receive data.
Transmit End
0 Cleared by reading TDRE = 1, then writing 0 in TDRE.
1 Set to 1 when TE = 0, or when TDRE = 1 at the end of
character transmission.
Parity Error
0 Cleared by reading PER = 1, then writing 0 in PER.
1 Set when a parity error occurs (parity of receive data
does not match parity selected by O/E bit in SMR).
Framing Error
0 Cleared by reading FER = 1, then writing 0 in FER.
1 Set when a framing error occurs (stop bit is 0).
Overrun Error
0 Cleared by reading ORER = 1, then writing 0 in ORER.
1 Set when an overrun error occurs (next data is completely
received while RDRF bit is set to 1).
Receive Data Register Full
0 Cleared by reading RDRF = 1, then writing 0 in RDRF.
1 Set when one character is received normally and transferred from RSR to RDR.
Transmit Data Register Empty
0 Cleared by reading TDRE = 1, then writing 0 in TDRE.
1 Set when:
1. Data is transferred from TDR to TSR.
2. TE is cleared while TDRE = 0.
Note: * Software can write a 0 in bits 7 to 3 to clear the flags, but cannot write a 1 in these bits.
346
RDR—Receive Data Register
H'FFDD
SCI
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Receive data
347
ADDRA (H and L)—A/D Data Register A
Bit
15
14
13
12
11
10
H'FFE0, H'FFE1
9
8
7
6
A/D
5
4
3
2
1
0
AD9 AD8 AD7 AD6 AD5 AD4 AD3 AD2 AD1 AD0 —
—
—
—
—
—
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
ADDRAH
ADDRAL
A/D Conversion Data
10-bit data giving an A/D conversion result
ADDRB (H and L)—A/D Data Register B
Bit
15
14
13
12
11
10
Reserved Bits
H'FFE2, H'FFE3
9
8
7
6
A/D
5
4
3
2
1
0
AD9 AD8 AD7 AD6 AD5 AD4 AD3 AD2 AD1 AD0 —
—
—
—
—
—
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
ADDRBH
ADDRBL
A/D Conversion Data
10-bit data giving an A/D conversion result
348
Reserved Bits
ADDRC (H and L)—A/D Data Register C
Bit
15
14
13
12
11
10
H'FFE4, H'FFE5
9
8
7
6
A/D
5
4
3
2
1
0
AD9 AD8 AD7 AD6 AD5 AD4 AD3 AD2 AD1 AD0 —
—
—
—
—
—
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
ADDRCH
ADDRCL
A/D Conversion Data
10-bit data giving an A/D conversion result
ADDRD (H and L)—A/D Data Register D
Bit
15
14
AD9 AD8
13
12
11
10
Reserved Bits
H'FFE6, H'FFE7
9
8
7
6
AD7 AD6 AD5 AD4 AD3 AD2 AD1 AD0
A/D
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
—
—
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
ADDRDH
ADDRDL
A/D Conversion Data
10-bit data giving an A/D conversion result
349
Reserved Bits
ADCSR—A/D Control/Status Register
Bit
H'FFE8
A/D
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ADF
ADIE
ADST
SCAN
CKS
CH2
CH1
CH0
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/(W)*
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Channel Select
CH2
CH1
0
0
1
1
0
1
CH0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Single Mode
AN0
AN1
AN2
AN3
AN4
AN5
AN6
AN7
Scan Mode
AN0
AN0, AN1
AN0 to AN2
AN0 to AN3
AN4
AN4, AN5
AN4 to AN6
AN4 to AN7
Clock Select
0 Conversion time = 266 states (max)
1 Conversion time = 134 states (max)
Note: When øP = ø
Scan Mode
0 Single mode
1 Scan mode
A/D Start
0 A/D conversion is halted.
1 1. Single mode:
One A/D conversion is performed, then this bit is automatically cleared to 0.
2. Scan mode:
A/C conversion starts and continues cyclically on all selected channels until 0 is
written in this bit.
A/D Interrupt Enable
0 The A/D interrupt request (ADI) is disabled.
1 The A/D interrupt request (ADI) is enabled.
A/D End Flag
0 Cleared from 1 to 0 when CPU reads ADF = 1, then writes 0 in ADF.
1 Set to 1 at the following times:
1. Single mode: at the completion of A/D conversion
2. Scan mode: when all selected channels have been converted.
Note: * Only 0 can be written, to clear the flag.
350
ADCR—A/D Control Register
Bit
H'FFE9
A/D
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TRGE
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Initial value
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Read/Write
R/W
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Trigger Enable
0 ADTRG is disabled.
1 ADTRG is enabled. A/D conversion can be started by external trigger,
or by software.
351
Appendix C I/O Port Block Diagrams
C.1 Port 1 Block Diagram
RP1P
Hardware standby
WP1P
Mode 1
Reset
S R
Q
D
P1nDDR
C
*
WP1D
Mode 3
Reset
R
Q
D
P1nDR
C
P1n
Modes 1 or 2
WP1
RP1
WP1P: Write to P1PCR
WP1D: Write to P1DDR
WP1:
Write to port 1
RP1P: Read P1PCR
RP1:
Read port 1
n = 0 to 7
Note:
*
Set priority
Figure C-1 Port 1 Block Diagram
352
Internal address bus
R
Q
D
P1nPCR
C
Internal data bus
Reset
C.2 Port 2 Block Diagram
RP2P
Hardware standby
WP2P
Mode 1
Reset
S R
Q
D
P2nDDR
C
*
WP2D
Mode 3
Reset
R
Q
D
P2nDR
C
P2n
Modes 1 or 2
WP2
RP2
WP2P: Write to P2PCR
WP2D: Write to P2DDR
WP2:
Write to port 2
RP2P: Read P2PCR
RP2:
Read port 2
n = 0 to 7
Note:
*
Set priority
Figure C-2 Port 2 Block Diagram
353
Internal data bus
R
Q
D
P2nPCR
C
Internal address bus
Reset
C.3 Port 3 Block Diagram
R
Q
D
P3n PCR
C
RP3P
WP3P
Mode 3
Reset
R
Q
D
P3n DDR
C
External
address
write
WP3D
Mode 3
Reset
R
D
Q
P3n DR
C
P3n
Mode 1 or 2
WP3
RP3
External address
read
WP3P: Write to P3PCR
WP3D: Write to P3DDR
WP3: Write to Port 3
RP3P : Read P3PCR
Read Port 3
RP3:
n = 0 to 7
Figure C-3 Port 3 Block Diagram
354
Internal data bus
Reset
Mode 3
Reset
R
Q
D
P4.0 DDR
C
Internal data bus
C.4 Port 4 Block Diagrams
WP4D
Reset
R
Q
D
P40 DR
C
P40
WP4
RP4
A/D converter
module
ADTRG
Schmitt input
IRQ2 input
WP4D: Write to P4DDR
WP4: Write to Port 4
RP4:
Read Port 4
IRQ enable
register
IRQ2 enable
Figure C-4 (a) Port 4 Block Diagram (Pin P40)
355
R
Q
D
P4n DDR
C
Internal data bus
Reset
WP4D
Reset
R
D
Q
P4 n DR
C
P4n
WP4
RP4
Schmitt input
IRQ0 input
IRQ1 input
WP4D: Write to P4DDR
WP4: Write to Port 4
Read Port 4
RP4:
n = 1, 2
IRQ enable
register
IRQ0 enable
IRQ1 enable
Figure C-4 (b) Port 4 Block Diagram (Pins P41and P42)
356
Mode 1 or 2
Reset
R
Q
D
P4n DDR
C
Internal data bus
Hardware standby
WP4D
Reset
Mode 3
R
Q
D
P4n DR
C
P4 n
Mode 1 or 2
WP4
RP4
WP4D: Write to P4DDR
WP4: Write to Port 4
Read Port 4
RP4:
n = 3, 4, 5
Figure C-4 (c) Port 4 Block Diagram (Pins P43 to P45)
357
RD output
WR output
AS ouput
Mode 1 or 2 Reset
R
S
Q
D
P46 DDR
*
C
Internal data bus
Hardware standby
WP4D
P4 6
Ø
RP4
WP4D: Write to P4DDR
WP4: Write to Port 4
Read Port 4
RP4:
Note: * Set-priority
Figure C-4 (d) Port 4 Block Diagram (Pin P46)
358
Reset
R
Q
D
P47 DDR
C
Internal data bus
WAIT input enable
Mode 1 or 2
WP4D
Reset
R
Q
D
P47 DR
C
P47
WP4
RP4
WAIT
input
WP4D: Write to P4DDR
WP4: Write to Port 4
RP4:
Read Port 4
Figure C-4 (e) Port 4 Block Diagram (Pin P47)
359
Reset
R
Q
D
P50DDR
C
WP5D
Internal data bus
C.5 Port 5 Block Diagrams
Reset
R
Q
D
P50DR
C
P50
SCI
WP5
Output enable
Serial transmit
data
RP5
WP5D: Write to P5DDR
WP5:
Write to port 5
RP5:
Read port 5
Figure C-5 (a) Port 5 Block Diagram (Pin P50)
360
R
Q
D
P51DDR
C
WP5D
Internal data bus
Reset
SCI
Input enable
Reset
R
Q
D
P51DR
C
P51
WP5
RP5
WP5D: Write to P5DDR
WP5:
Write to port 5
RP5:
Read port 5
Serial receive
data
Figure C-5 (b) Port 5 Block Diagram (Pin P51)
361
R
Q
D
P52DDR
C
WP5D
Reset
Internal data bus
Reset
SCI
Clock input
enable
R
Q
D
P52DR
C
P52
WP5
Clock output
enable
Clock output
RP5
Clock input
WP5D: Write to P5DDR
WP5:
Write to port 5
RP5:
Read port 5
Figure C-5 (c) Port 5 Block Diagram (Pin P52)
362
Reset
R
Q
D
P6 0 DDR
C
Internal data bus
C.6 Port 6 Block Diagrams
WP6D
Reset
R
Q
D
P6 0 DR
C
P60
WP6
Schmitt input
RP6
Free-running
timer module
Counter clock
input
8-bit timer
module
Counter clock
input
WP6D: Write to P6DDR
WP6: Write to Port 6
RP6:
Read Port 6
Figure C-6 (a) Port 6 Block Diagram (Pin P60)
363
R
Q
D
P61 DDR
C
Internal data bus
Reset
WP6D
Reset
R
Q
D
P6 1 DR
C
P61
Free-running timer
module
WP6
Output enable
Output-compare
output
Schmitt input
RP6
WP6D: Write to P6DDR
WP6: Write to Port 6
RP6:
Read Port 6
Figure C-6 (b) Port 6 Block Diagram (Pin P61)
364
R
Q
D
P62 DDR
C
Internal data bus
Reset
WP6D
Reset
R
Q
D
P6 2 DR
C
P62
WP6
Schmitt input
RP6
Free-running
timer module
Input-capture
input
WP6D: Write to P6DDR
WP6: Write to Port 6
RP6:
Read Port 6
Figure C-6 (c) Port 6 Block Diagram (Pin P62)
365
R
Q
D
P6n DDR
C
Internal data bus
Reset
WP6D
Reset
R
D
Q
P6 n DR
C
P6n
WP6
Schmitt input
RP6
Free-running timer
module
Input-capture input
8-bit timer module
Counter clock input
Counter reset input
WP6D: Write to P6DDR
WP6: Write to Port 6
Read Port 6
RP6:
n = 3, 5
Figure C-6 (d) Port 6 Block Diagram (Pins P63 and P65)
366
R
Q
D
P64 DDR
C
Internal data bus
Reset
WP6D
Reset
R
Q
D
P6 4 DR
C
P64
8-bit timer module
WP6
Output enable
8-bit timer output
Schmitt input
RP6
Free-running timer
module
Input-capture input
WP6D: Write to P6DDR
WP6: Write to Port 6
RP6:
Read Port 6
Figure C-6 (e) Port 6 Block Diagram (Pin P64)
367
R
Q
D
P66 DDR
C
Internal data bus
Reset
WP6D
Reset
R
Q
D
P6 6 DR
C
P66
Free-running timer
module
WP6
Output enable
Output-compare
output
Schmitt input
RP6
8-bit timer module
Counter reset input
WP6D: Write to P6DDR
WP6: Write to Port 6
RP6:
Read Port 6
Figure C-6 (f) Port 6 Block Diagram (Pin P66)
368
R
Q
D
P67 DDR
C
Internal data bus
Reset
WP6D
Reset
R
Q
D
P6 7 DR
C
P67
8-bit timer module
WP6
Output enable
8-bit timer output
Schmitt input
RP6
WP6D: Write to P6DDR
WP6: Write to Port 6
RP6:
Read Port 6
Figure C-6 (g) Port 6 Block Diagram (Pin P67)
369
C.7 Port 7 Block Diagrams
Internal data bus
RP7
P7n
A/D converter
module
Analog input
RP7: Read port 7
n = 0 to 7
Figure C-7 Port 7 Block Diagram
370
Appendix D Pin States
D.1 Port States in Each Mode
Table D-1 Port States
Pin Name
Mode
Reset
Hardware
Standby
Software
Standby
Sleep
Mode
Normal
Operation
P17 to P10
1
Low
3-state
Low
A7 to A0
A7 to A0
2
3-state
Prev. state
(Addr.
output pins:
last address
accessed
Low if
DDR = 1,
prev. state
if DDR = 0
3
Prev. state
P27 to P20
1
Low
A15 to A8
2
3-state
3-state
Low if
DDR = 1,
prev. state
if DDR = 0
3
P37 to P30
1
D7 to D0
2
1
3-state
3-state
3-state
3-state
2
3
P46/ø
1
2
3
I/O port
Prev. state
(Addr.
output pins:
last address
accessed)
Prev. state
3
P47/WAIT
Low
Clock
output
3-state
3-state
Addr. output
or input port
A15 to A8
Addr. output
or input port
I/O port
3-state
3-state
D7 to D0
Prev. state
Prev. state
I/O port
3-state /
Prev. state
3-state /
Prev. state
WAIT / I/O port
Prev. state
Prev. state
I/O port
High
Clock
output
Clock
output
High if
DDR = 1,
3-state if
DDR = 0
Clock output
if DDR = 1,
3-state if
DDR = 0
Clock output
if DDR = 1,
input port if
DDR = 0
Notes: 1. 3-state: High-impedance state
2. Prev. state: Previous state. Input ports are in the high-impedance state (with the MOS
pull-up on if PCR = 1). Output ports hold their previous output level.
3. I/O port: Direction depends on the data direction (DDR) bit. Note that these pins may also
be used by the on-chip supporting modules.
See section 7, I/O Ports, for further information.
* On-chip supporting modules are initialized, so these pins revert to I/O ports according to
the DDR and DR bits.
371
Table D-1 Port States (cont)
Pin Name
Mode
P45 to P43, 1
AS, WR, RD
2
P42 to P40
Reset
Hardware
Standby
Software
Standby
Sleep
Mode
Normal
Operation
High
3-state
High
High
AS, WR, RD
Prev. state
Prev. state
I/O port
3
3-state
1
3-state
3-state
Prev. state
Prev. state
I/O port
3-state
3-state
Prev. state*
Prev. state
I/O port
3-state
3-state
Prev. state*
Prev. state
I/O port
3-state
3-state
3-state
3-state
Input port
2
3
P52 to P50
1
2
3
P67 to P60
1
2
3
P77 to P70
1
2
3
Notes: 1. 3-state: High-impedance state
2. Prev. state: Previous state. Input ports are in the high-impedance state (with the MOS
pull-up on if PCR = 1). Output ports hold their previous output level.
3. I/O port: Direction depends on the data direction (DDR) bit. Note that these pins may also
be used by the on-chip supporting modules.
See section 7, I/O Ports, for further information.
* On-chip supporting modules are initialized, so these pins revert to I/O ports according to
the DDR and DR bits.
372
Appendix E Timing of Transition to and Recovery from
Hardware Standby Mode
Timing of Transition to Hardware Standby Mode
(1) To retain RAM contents when the RAME bit in SYSCR is set to 1, drive the RES signal low 10
system clock cycles before the STBY signal goes low, as shown below. RES must remain low
until STBY goes low (minimum delay from STBY low to RES high: 0 ns).
STBY
t1 ≥ 10 tcyc
t2 ≥ 0 ns
RES
(2) When the RAME bit in SYSCR is cleared to 0 or when it is not necessary to retain RAM
contents, RES does not have to be driven low as in (1).
Timing of Recovery From Hardware Standby Mode: Drive the RES signal low approximately
100 ns before STBY goes high.
STBY
t ≥ 100 ns
RES
373
tOSC
Appendix F Product Code Lineup
Table F-1 H8/3297 Series Product Code Lineup
Product
Type
H8/3297
Product Code
ZTAT
version
Mask ROM
version
H8/3296
Mask ROM
version
Mark Code
Package
(Hitachi Package Code)
Standard HD6473297C16
products
HD6473297C16
64-pin window shrink DIP
(DC-64S)
HD6473297P16
HD6473297P16
64-pin shrink DIP
(DP-64S)
HD6473297F16
HD6473297F16
64-pin QFP
(FP-64A)
HD6473297TF16
HD6473297TF16
80-pin TQFP
(TFP-80C)
Standard HD6433297P
products
HD6433297(***)P
64-pin shrink DIP
(DC-64S)
HD6433297F
HD6433297(***)F
64-pin QFP
(FP64A)
HD6433297TF
HD6433297(***)TF
80-pin TQFP
(TFP-80C)
Standard HD6433296P
products
HD6433296(***)P
64-pin shrink DIP
(DP-64S)
HD6433296F
HD6433296(***)F
64-pin QFP
(FP-64A)
HD6433296TF
HD6433296(***)TF
80-pin TQFP
(TFP-80C)
Notes: (***) in mask ROM versions is the ROM code.
374
Table F-1 H8/3297 Series Product Code Lineup (cont)
Product
Type
H8/3294*
Product Code
ZTAT
version
Mask ROM
version
H8/3292
Mask ROM
version
Mark Code
Package
(Hitachi Package Code)
Standard HD6473294P16
products
HD6473294P16
64-pin shrink DIP
(DP-64S)
HD6473294F16
HD6473294F16
64-pin QFP
(FP-64A)
HD6473294TF16
HD6473294TF16
80-pin TQFP
(TFP-80C)
Standard HD6433294P
products
HD6433294(***)P
64-pin shrink DIP
(DP-64S)
HD6433294F
HD6433294(***)F
64-pin QFP
(FP64A)
HD6433294TF
HD6433294(***)TF
80-pin TQFP
(TFP-80C)
Standard HD6433292P
products
HD6433292(***)P
64-pin shrink DIP
(DP-64S)
HD6433292F
HD6433292(***)F
64-pin QFP
(FP-64A)
HD6433292TF
HD6433292(***)TF
80-pin TQFP
(TFP-80C)
Notes: (***) in mask ROM versions is the ROM code.
375
Appendix G Package Dimensions
Figure G-1 shows the dimensions of the DC-64S package. Figure G-2 shows the dimensions of the
DP-64S package. Figure G-3 shows the dimensions of the FP-64A package. Figure G-4 shows the
dimensions of the TFP-80C package.
Unit: mm
57.30
64
18.92
33
32
0.9
2.54 Min 5.60 Max
1
1.78 ± 0.25
0.51 Min
1.50 Max
0.48 ± 0.10
19.05
0.11
0.25 +– 0.05
Figure G-1 Package Dimensions (DC-64S)
Unit: mm
57.6
58.5 Max
33
17.0
18.6 Max
64
32
1.0
1.78 ± 0.25
0.48 ± 0.10
0.51 Min
1.46 Max
2.54 Min 5.08 Max
1
19.05
+ 0.11
0.25 – 0.05
0° – 15°
Figure G-2 Package Dimensions (DP-64S)
376
Unit: mm
17.2 ± 0.3
14
33
48
32
0.8
17.2 ± 0.3
49
64
17
1
2.70
0.15 M
0.10 +0.15
–0.10
1.0
0.17 ± 0.05
0.15 ± 0.04
0.37 ± 0.08
0.35 ± 0.06
3.05 Max
16
0.10
1.6
0° – 8°
0.8 ± 0.3
Dimension including the plating thickness
Base material dimension
Figure G-3 Package Dimensions (FP-64A)
Unit: mm
14.0 ± 0.2
Unit: mm
12
60
41
40
80
21
0.5
14.0 ± 0.2
61
0.10
Dimension including the plating thickness
Base material dimension
0.17 ± 0.05
0.15 ± 0.04
1.25
1.00
0.10 M
1.0
0° – 8°
0.5 ± 0.1
0.10 ± 0.10
0.22 ± 0.05
0.20 ± 0.04
20
1.20 Max
1
Figure G-4 Package Dimensions (TFP-80C)
377
H8/3297 Series Hardware Manual
Publication Date: 1st Edition, October 1994
3rd Edition, September 1997
Published by:
Semiconductor and IC Div.
Hitachi, Ltd.
Edited by:
Technical Documentation Center
Hitachi, Microcomputer System Ltd.
Copyright © Hitachi, Ltd., 1994. All rights reserved. Printed in Japan.