MCP73861/2 Advanced Single or Dual Cell, Fully Integrated Li-Ion / Li-Polymer Charge Management Controllers Features Description • Linear Charge Management Controllers - Integrated Pass Transistor - Integrated Current Sense - Reverse-Blocking Protection • High-Accuracy Preset Voltage Regulation: + 0.5% • Four Selectable Voltage Regulation Options: - 4.1V, 4.2V - MCP73861 - 8.2V, 8.4V - MCP73862 • Programmable Charge Current: 1.2A Maximum • Programmable Safety Charge Timers • Preconditioning of Deeply Depleted Cells • Automatic End-of-Charge Control • Optional Continuous Cell Temperature Monitoring • Charge Status Output for Direct LED Drive • Fault Output for Direct LED Drive • Automatic Power-Down • Thermal Regulation • Temperature Range: -40°C to 85°C • Packaging: 16-Pin, 4 x 4 QFN The MCP7386X family of devices are highly advanced linear charge management controllers for use in spacelimited, cost-sensitive applications. The MCP73861 and MCP73862 combine high-accuracy constant voltage, constant current regulation, cell preconditioning, cell temperature monitoring, advanced safety timers, automatic charge termination, internal current sensing, reverse-blocking protection, and charge status and fault indication in a space-saving 16-pin, 4 x 4 QFN package. The MCP7386X provides a complete, fully-functional, stand-alone charge management solution with a minimum number of external components. Applications The MCP7386X family of devices are fully specified over the ambient temperature range of -40°C to +85°C. • • • • • • • Lithium-Ion/Lithium-Polymer Battery Chargers Personal Data Assistants Cellular Telephones Hand Held Instruments Cradle Chargers Digital Cameras MP3 Players The MCP73861 is targeted for applicatioins utilizing single-cell Lithium-Ion or Lithium-Polymer battery packs, while the MCP73862 is targeted for dual series cell Lithium-Ion or Lithium-Polymer battery packs. The MCP73861 has two selectable voltage-regulation options available (4.1V and 4.2V), for use with either coke or graphite anodes, and operates with an input voltage range of 4.5V to 12V. The MCP73862 has two selectable voltage-regulation options available (8.2V and 8.4V), for use with coke or graphite anodes, and operates with an input voltage range of 8.7V to 12V. Package Type STAT1 STAT2 16 VSET 1 VDD1 2 VDD2 3 VSS1 4 15 EN VSS2 14 13 12 VBAT3 11 VBAT2 MCP73861 MCP73862 10 VBAT1 9 VSS3 5 6 7 8 PROG THREF THERM TIMER 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21893A-page 1 MCP73861/2 Typical Application 1.2A Lithium-Ion Battery Charger 5V 4.7µF 2, 3 VDD 1 VSET 14 VBAT3 12 10, 11 V 4.7 µF BAT THREF 6 7 6.19 kΩ THERM STAT1 7.32 kΩ 8 STAT2 TIMER 0.1 µF VSS 4, 9, 13 PROG EN 16 15 5 + Single Lithium-Ion - Cell MCP73861 Functional Block Diagram Direction Control VBAT1 VDD1 VDD2 VBAT2 VDD G=0.001 4kΩ VREF PROG Charge Current Control Amplifier + Voltage Control Amplifier + 90 kΩ 1kΩ – 11kΩ + - 10kΩ 10kΩ IREG/12 VREF Charge_OK Precon Precondition Control Precondition Comp. UVLO COMPARATOR + - VBAT3 + 110kΩ Charge Termination Comparator – VREF 600kΩ (1.65MΩ) 148.42kΩ Constant Voltage/ Recharge Comp. VUVLO + EN Power-On Delay Values in ( ) reflect the MCP73862 device 1.58kΩ VREF 300.04kΩ Bias and Reference Generator VUVLO VREF(1.2V) VSET 10.3kΩ (8.58kΩ) THREF 100kΩ + - THERM 50kΩ + 50kΩ TIMER DS21893A-page 2 Temperature Comparators VSS1 VSS2 VSS3 STAT1 Drv Stat 1 IREG/12 Oscillator Charge Control, Charge Timers, And Status Logic STAT2 Drv Stat 2 Charge_OK 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73861/2 1.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS † Notice: Stresses above those listed under “Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Absolute Maximum Ratings† VDDN ...............................................................................13.5V VBATN, VSET, EN, STAT1, STAT2 w.r.t. VSS .................................................................. -0.3 to (VDD+0.3)V PROG, THREF, THERM, TIMER w.r.t. VSS ..............-0.3 to 6V Maximum Junction Temperature, TJ ............ Internally Limited Storage temperature .....................................-65°C to +150°C ESD protection on all pins: Human Body Model (1.5 kΩ in series with 100 pF)....≥ 4 kV Machine Model (200 pF, No series resistance) ...........300V DC CHARACTERISTICS Electrical Specifications: Unless otherwise indicated, all limits apply for VDD= [VREG(Typ) + 0.3V] to 12V, TA = -40°C to 85°C. Typical values are at +25°C, VDD = [VREG (typ.) + 1.0V] Parameters Sym Min Typ Max Units Conditions VDD 4.5 — 12 V MCP73861 8.7 — 12 V MCP73862 — 0.17 4 µA Disabled — 0.53 4 mA Operating 4.25 4.5 4.65 V MCP73861 8.45 8.8 9.05 V MCP73862 4.20 4.4 4.55 V MCP73861 8.40 8.7 8.95 V MCP73862 Supply Input Supply Voltage Supply Current UVLO Start Threshold ISS VSTART VDD Low-to-High UVLO Stop Threshold VSTOP VDD High-to-Low Voltage Regulation (Constant Voltage Mode) Regulated Output Voltage VREG 4.079 4.1 4.121 V MCP73861, VSET = VSS 4.179 4.2 4.221 V MCP73861, VSET = VDD 8.159 8.2 8.241 V MCP73862, VSET = VSS 8.358 8.4 8.442 V MCP73862, VSET = VDD VDD = [VREG(Typ) + 1V], IOUT=10 mA TA = -5°C to +55°C Line Regulation |(∆VBAT/ VBAT)| /∆VDD — 0.025 0.25 %/V Load Regulation |∆VBAT/VBAT| — 0.01 0.25 % IOUT = 10 mA to 150 mA VDD = [VREG(Typ)+1V] PSRR — 60 — dB IOUT = 10 mA, 10Hz to 1 kHz — 42 — dB IOUT = 10 mA, 10Hz to 10 kHz — 28 — dB IOUT = 10 mA, 10Hz to 1 MHz — 0.23 1 µA VDD < VBAT = VREG(Typ) 85 100 115 mA PROG = OPEN 1020 1200 1380 mA PROG = VSS 425 500 575 mA PROG = 1.6 kΩ Supply Ripple Attenuation Output Reverse-Leakage Current IDISCHARGE VDD = [VREG(Typ)+1V] to 12V IOUT = 10 mA Current Regulation (Fast Charge Constant Current Mode) Fast Charge Current Regulation IREG TA= -5°C to +55°C 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21893A-page 3 MCP73861/2 DC CHARACTERISTICS (Continued) Electrical Specifications: Unless otherwise indicated, all limits apply for VDD= [VREG(Typ) + 0.3V] to 12V, TA = -40°C to 85°C. Typical values are at +25°C, VDD = [VREG (typ.) + 1.0V] Parameters Sym Min Typ Max Units Conditions Preconditioning Current Regulation (Trickle Charge Constant Current Mode) Precondition Current Regulation IPREG 5 10 15 mA PROG = OPEN 60 120 180 mA PROG = VSS 25 50 75 mA PROG = 1.6 kΩ 2.70 2.80 2.90 V MCP73861, VSET = VSS 2.75 2.85 2.95 V MCP73861, VSET = VDD 5.40 5.60 5.80 V MCP73862, VSET = VSS 5.50 5.70 5.90 V MCP73862, VSET = VDD TA=-5°C to +55°C Precondition Threshold Voltage VPTH VBAT Low-to-High Charge Termination Charge Termination Current ITERM 6 8.5 11 mA PROG = OPEN 70 90 120 mA PROG = VSS 32 41 50 mA PROG = 1.6 kΩ TA=-5°C to +55°C Automatic Recharge Recharge Threshold Voltage VRTH VREG - VREG - VREG 300mV 200mV 100mV V MCP73861 VREG - VREG - VREG 600mV 400mV 200mV V MCP73862 VBAT High-to-Low Thermistor Reference Thermistor Reference Output Voltage VTHREF 2.475 2.55 2.625 V Thermistor Reference Source Current ITHREF 200 — — µA |(∆VTHREF/ - 0.1 0.25 %/V 0.01 0.10 % Thermistor Reference Line Regulation VTHREF)|/∆VDD Thermistor Reference Load Regulation |∆VTHREF/ VTHREF| TA = 25°C, VDD = VREG(typ.) + 1V, ITHREF = 0 mA VDD = [VREG(Typ) + 1V] to 12V ITHREF = 0 mA to 0.20 mA Thermistor Comparator VT1 1.18 1.25 1.32 V VT1HYS — -50 — mV Upper Trip Threshold Upper Trip Point Hysteresis Lower Trip Threshold Lower Trip Point Hysteresis VT2 0.59 0.62 0.66 V VT2HYS — 80 — mV IBIAS — — 2 µA Input Bias Current Status Indicator - STAT1, STAT2 Sink Current ISINK 4 8 12 mA Low Output Voltage VOL — 200 400 mV ISINK = 1 mA Input Leakage Current ILK — 0.01 1 µA ISINK = 0 mA, VSTAT1,2 = 12V Input High Voltage Level VIH 1.4 — — V Input Low Voltage Level VIL — — 0.8 V Input Leakage Current ILK — 0.01 1 µA Enable Input DS21893A-page 4 VENABLE = 12V 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73861/2 DC CHARACTERISTICS (Continued) Electrical Specifications: Unless otherwise indicated, all limits apply for VDD= [VREG(Typ) + 0.3V] to 12V, TA = -40°C to 85°C. Typical values are at +25°C, VDD = [VREG (typ.) + 1.0V] Parameters Sym Min Typ Max Units TSD — 155 — °C TSDHYS — 10 — °C Conditions Thermal Shutdown Die Temperature Die Temperature Hysteresis AC CHARACTERISTICS Electrical Specifications: Unless otherwise indicated, all limits apply for VDD = [VREG (typ.) + 0.3V] to 12V, TA = -40°C to 85°C. Typical values are at +25°C, VDD = [VREG (typ.) + 1.0V] Parameters Sym Min Typ Max Units tSTART — — 5 ms VDD Low to High tDELAY — — 1 ms VBAT < VPTH to VBAT > VPTH Current Rise Time Out of Preconditioning tRISE — — 1 ms IOUT Rising to 90% of IREG Fast Charge Safety Timer Period tFAST 1.1 1.5 1.9 Hours tPRECON 45 60 75 tTERM 2.2 3 3.8 Hours Status Output turn-off tOFF — — 200 µs ISINK = 1 mA to 0 mA Status Output turn-on tON — — 200 µs ISINK = 0 mA to 1 mA UVLO Start Delay Conditions Current Regulation Transition Time Out of Preconditioning CTIMER = 0.1 µF Preconditioning Current Regulation Preconditioning Charge Safety Timer Period Minutes CTIMER = 0.1 µF Charge Termination Elapsed Time Termination Period CTIMER = 0.1 µF Status Indicators TEMPERATURE SPECIFICATIONS Electrical Specifications: Unless otherwise indicated, all limits apply for VDD = [VREG (typ.) + 0.3V] to 12V. Typical values are at +25°C, VDD = [VREG (typ.) + 1.0V] Parameters Sym Min Typ Max Units Conditions Temperature Ranges Specified Temperature Range TA -40 — +85 °C Operating Temperature Range TJ -40 — +125 °C Storage Temperature Range TA -65 — +150 °C θJA — 37 — °C/W Thermal Package Resistances Thermal Resistance, 16-L, 4mm x 4mm QFN 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. 4-Layer JC51-7 Standard Board, Natural Convection DS21893A-page 5 MCP73861/2 2.0 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES Note: The graphs and tables provided following this note are a statistical summary based on a limited number of samples and are provided for informational purposes only. The performance characteristics listed herein are not tested or guaranteed. In some graphs or tables, the data presented may be outside the specified operating range (e.g., outside specified power supply range) and therefore outside the warranted range. NOTE: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = [VREG(Typ) + 1V], IOUT = 10 mA and TA= +25°C, Constant Voltage mode. 4.207 4.201 4.199 MCP73861 VSET = VDD VDD = 5.2V 0.90 ISS (mA) 4.203 VBAT (V) 1.00 MCP73861 VSET = VDD VDD = 5.2V 4.205 4.197 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 4.195 4.193 0.40 10 100 1000 10 100 IOUT (mA) IOUT (mA) FIGURE 2-1: Battery Regulation Voltage (VBAT) vs. Charge Current (IOUT). FIGURE 2-4: Supply Current (ISS) vs. Charge Current (IOUT). 4.40 1.60 MCP73861 VSET = VDD IOUT = 1000 mA 4.20 4.10 4.00 MCP73861 VSET = VDD IOUT = 1000 mA 1.40 ISS (mA) VBAT (V) 4.30 3.90 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 3.80 0.40 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 10.5 12.0 4.5 6.0 VDD (V) 10.5 12.0 1.00 MCP73861 VSET = VDD IOUT = 10 mA MCP73861 VSET = VDD IOUT = 10 mA 0.90 ISS (mA) 4.203 9.0 FIGURE 2-5: Supply Current (ISS) vs. Supply Voltage (VDD). 4.207 4.205 7.5 VDD (V) FIGURE 2-2: Battery Regulation Voltage (VBAT) vs. Supply Voltage (VDD). VBAT (V) 1000 4.201 4.199 4.197 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 4.195 4.193 0.40 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 10.5 12.0 VDD (V) FIGURE 2-3: Battery Regulation Voltage (VBAT) vs. Supply Voltage (VDD). DS21893A-page 6 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 10.5 12.0 VDD (V) FIGURE 2-6: Supply Current (ISS) vs. Supply Voltage (VDD). 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73861/2 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 1.60 MCP73861 VSET = VDD VDD = VSS MCP73861 VSET = VDD IOUT = 10 mA 1.40 +85°C +25°C -40°C ISS (mA) IDISCHARGE (µA) NOTE: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = [VREG(Typ) + 1V], IOUT = 10 mA and TA= +25°C, Constant Voltage mode. 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 4.4 TA (°C) VBAT (V) FIGURE 2-7: Output Leakage Current (IDISCHARGE) vs. Battery Voltage (VBAT). FIGURE 2-10: Supply Current (ISS) vs. Ambient Temperature (TA). 4.207 2.550 MCP73861 VSET = VDD ITHREF = 100 µA 4.203 VBAT (V) VTHREF (V) 2.540 MCP73861 VSET = VDD IOUT = 10 mA 4.205 2.530 2.520 4.201 4.199 4.197 2.510 4.195 80 70 60 50 40 30 TA (°C) VDD (V) FIGURE 2-8: Thermistor Reference Voltage (VTHREF) vs. Supply Voltage (VDD). FIGURE 2-11: Battery Regulation Voltage (VBAT) vs. Ambient Temperature (TA). 2.520 2.520 MCP73861 VSET = VDD 2.515 VTHREF (V) 2.515 2.510 MCP73861 VSET = VDD ITHREF = 100 µA 2.510 2.505 2.505 ITHREF (µA) FIGURE 2-9: Thermistor Reference Voltage (VTHREF) vs. Thermistor Bias Current (ITHREF). 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. 80 0 70 200 60 175 50 150 40 125 30 100 20 75 10 50 -10 25 -20 0 -30 2.500 2.500 -40 VTHREF (V) 20 12.0 0 10.5 10 9.0 -10 7.5 -20 6.0 -40 4.5 -30 4.193 2.500 TA (°C) FIGURE 2-12: Thermistor Reference Voltage (VTHREF) vs. Ambient Temperature (TA). DS21893A-page 7 MCP73861/2 NOTE: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = [VREG(Typ) + 1V], IOUT = 10 mA and TA= +25°C, Constant Voltage mode. 8.407 1.00 MCP73862 VSET = VDD VDD = 9.4V 8.405 ISS (mA) VBAT (V) 8.403 0.90 8.401 8.399 8.397 MCP73862 VSET = VDD VDD = 9.4V 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 8.395 8.393 0.40 10 100 1000 10 100 IOUT (mA) IOUT (mA) FIGURE 2-13: Battery Regulation Voltage (VBAT) vs. Charge Current (IOUT). FIGURE 2-16: Supply Current (ISS) vs. Charge Current (IOUT). 8.407 VBAT (V) 8.403 1.60 1.40 MCP73862 VSET = VDD IOUT = 1000 mA ISS (mA) 8.405 1000 8.401 8.399 MCP73862 VSET = VDD IOUT = 1000 mA 1.20 1.00 0.80 8.397 0.60 8.395 0.40 8.393 10.0 10.4 10.8 11.2 11.6 9.0 12.0 9.5 10.0 FIGURE 2-14: Battery Regulation Voltage (VBAT) vs. Supply Voltage (VDD). VBAT (V) 8.408 11.5 12.0 FIGURE 2-17: Supply Current (ISS) vs. Supply Voltage (VDD). 1.00 MCP73862 VSET = VDD IOUT = 10 mA 0.90 ISS (mA) 8.410 11.0 VDD (V) VDD (V) 8.412 10.5 8.406 8.404 8.402 MCP73862 VSET = VDD IOUT = 10 mA 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 8.400 8.398 0.40 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 VDD (V) FIGURE 2-15: Battery Regulation Voltage (VBAT) vs. Supply Voltage (VDD). DS21893A-page 8 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 VDD (V) FIGURE 2-18: Supply Current (ISS) vs. Supply Voltage (VDD). 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73861/2 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 1.60 MCP73862 VSET = VDD VDD = VSS +85°C +25°C -40°C MCP73862 VSET = VDD IOUT = 10 mA 1.40 ISS (mA) 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 VBAT (V) 80 70 FIGURE 2-22: Supply Current (ISS) vs. Ambient Temperature (TA). 8.414 2.570 MCP73862 VSET = VDD ITHREF = 100 µA MCP73862 VSET = VDD IOUT = 10 mA 8.410 8.406 VBAT (V) 2.560 60 50 40 TA (°C) FIGURE 2-19: Output Leakage Current (IDISCHARGE) vs. Battery Voltage (VBAT). VTHREF (V) 30 8.8 20 8.0 0 7.2 10 6.4 -10 5.6 -20 4.8 -30 0.40 4.0 -40 IDISCHARGE (mA) NOTE: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = [VREG(Typ) + 1V], IOUT = 10 mA and TA= +25°C, Constant Voltage mode. 2.550 8.402 8.398 8.394 2.540 8.390 VDD (V) FIGURE 2-20: Thermistor Reference Voltage (VTHREF) vs. Supply Voltage (VDD). 2.550 2.550 2.544 80 70 60 MCP73862 VSET = VDD ITHREF = 100 µA 2.546 2.546 50 40 FIGURE 2-23: Battery Regulation Voltage (VBAT) vs. Ambient Temperature (TA). VTHREF (V) 2.542 2.538 2.534 2.542 ITHREF (µA) FIGURE 2-21: Thermistor Reference Voltage (VTHREF) vs. Thermistor Bias Current (ITHREF). 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 100 125 150 175 200 0 75 10 50 -10 25 -20 0 -30 2.530 2.540 -40 VTHREF (V) TA (°C) MCP73862 VSET = VDD 2.548 30 12.0 20 11.5 10 11.0 0 10.5 -10 10.0 -20 9.5 -40 9.0 -30 8.386 2.530 TA (°C) FIGURE 2-24: Thermistor Reference Voltage (VTHREF) vs. Ambient Temperature (TA). DS21893A-page 9 MCP73861/2 NOTE: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = [VREG(Typ) + 1V], IOUT = 10 mA and TA= +25°C, Constant Voltage mode. FIGURE 2-25: Line Transient Response. FIGURE 2-28: Line Transient Response. FIGURE 2-26: Load Transient Response. FIGURE 2-29: Load Transient Response. Attenuation (dB) -20 -30 0 MCP73861 VDD = 5.2V VAC = 100 mVp-p IOUT = 10 mA COUT = 10 µF, Ceramic -10 Attenuation (dB) 0 -10 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 0.01 -20 -30 -40 MCP73861 VDD = 5.2V VAC = 100 mVp-p IOUT = 100 mA COUT = 10 µF, X7R, Ceramic -50 -60 -70 0.1 1 10 100 1000 -80 0.01 Frequency (kHz) FIGURE 2-27: Rejection. DS21893A-page 10 Power Supply Ripple 0.1 1 10 100 1000 Frequency (kHz) FIGURE 2-30: Rejection. Power Supply Ripple 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73861/2 NOTE: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = [VREG(Typ) + 1V], IOUT = 10 mA and TA= +25°C, Constant Voltage mode. 503 800 IOUT (mA) 600 400 501 499 497 495 200 RPROG (Ω) FIGURE 2-31: Charge Current (IOUT) vs. Programming Resistor (RPROG). 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 0 0 536 10 1.6K -10 493 4.8K -20 0 OPEN MCP73861/2 VSET = VDD RPROG = 1.6 kΩ -30 IOUT (mA) 1000 505 MCP73861/2 VSET = VDD -40 1200 TA (°C) FIGURE 2-32: Charge Current (IOUT) vs. Ambient Temperature (TA). DS21893A-page 11 MCP73861/2 3.0 PIN DESCRIPTION The descriptions of the pins are listed in Table 3-1. TABLE 3-1: Pin No. 3.1 PIN FUNCTION TABLES Symbol Function 1 VSET Voltage Regulation Selection 2 VDD1 Battery Management Input Supply 3 VDD2 Battery Management Input Supply 4 VSS1 5 PROG Current Regulation Set 6 THREF Cell Temperature Sensor Bias 7 THERM Cell Temperature Sensor Input 8 TIMER 9 VSS3 Battery Management 0V Reference 10 VBAT1 Battery Charge Control Output Battery Management 0V Reference Timer Set 11 VBAT2 Battery Charge Control Output 12 VBAT3 Battery Voltage Sense 13 VSS2 14 EN 15 STAT2 Fault Status Output 16 STAT1 Charge Status Output Battery Management 0V Reference Logic Enable Voltage Regulation Selection (VSET) MCP73861: Connect to VSS for 4.1V regulation voltage, connect to VDD for 4.2V regulation voltage. MCP73862: Connect to VSS for 8.2V regulation voltage, connect to VDD for 8.4V regulation voltage. 3.2 Battery Management Input Supply (VDD2, VDD1) A supply voltage of [VREG(Typ) + 0.3V] to 12V is recommended. Bypass to VSS with a minimum of 4.7 µF. 3.3 Battery Management 0V Reference (VSS1, VSS2, VSS3) 3.7 Timer Set All safety timers are scaled by CTIMER/0.1 µF. 3.8 Battery Charge Control Output (VBAT1, VBAT2) Connect to positive terminal of battery. Drain terminal of internal P-channel MOSFET pass transistor. Bypass to VSS with a minimum of 4.7 µF to ensure loop stability when the battery is disconnected. 3.9 Battery Voltage Sense (VBAT3) Voltage sense input. Connect to positive terminal of battery. A precision internal resistor divider regulates the final voltage on this pin to VREG. 3.10 Logic Enable (EN) Connect to negative terminal of battery and input supply. Input to force charge termination, initiate charge, clear faults or disable automatic recharge. 3.4 3.11 Current Regulation Set (PROG) Preconditioning, fast and termination currents are scaled by placing a resistor from PROG to VSS. 3.5 Cell Temperature Sensor Bias (THREF) Voltage reference to bias external thermistor for continuous cell-temperature monitoring and pre-qualification. 3.6 Cell Temperature Sensor Input (THERM) Fault Status Output (STAT2) Current-limited, open-drain drive for direct connection to a LED for charge status indication. Alternatively, a pull-up resistor can be applied for interfacing to a host microcontroller. 3.12 Charge Status Output (STAT1) Current limited, open-drain drive for direct connection to an LED for charge status indication. Alternatively, a pull-up resistor can be applied for interfacing to a host microcontroller. Input for an external thermistor for continuous celltemperature monitoring and pre-qualification. Connect to THREF/3 to disable temperature sensing. DS21893A-page 12 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73861/2 DEVICE OVERVIEW The MCP7386X family of devices are highly advanced linear charge management controllers. Refer to the functional block diagram. Figure 4-2 depicts the operational flow algorithm from charge initiation to completion and automatic recharge. 4.1 Charge Qualification and Preconditioning Upon insertion of a battery or application of an external supply, the MCP7386X family of devices automatically performs a series of safety checks to qualify the charge. The input source voltage must be above the undervoltage lockout threshold, the enable pin must be above the logic-high level and the cell temperature must be within the upper and lower thresholds. The qualification parameters are continuously monitored. Deviation beyond the limits automatically suspends or terminates the charge cycle. The input voltage must deviate below the undervoltage lockout stop threshold for at least one clock period to be considered valid. After the qualification parameters have been met, the MCP7386X initiates a charge cycle. The charge status output is pulled low throughout the charge cycle (see Table 5-1 for charge status outputs). If the battery voltage is below the preconditioning threshold (VPTH) the MCP7386X preconditions the battery with a tricklecharge. The preconditioning current is set to approximately 10% of the fast charge regulation current. The preconditioning trickle-charge safely replenishes deeply depleted cells and minimizes heat dissipation during the initial charge cycle. If the battery voltage has not exceeded the preconditioning threshold before the preconditioning timer has expired, a fault is indicated and the charge cycle is terminated. 4.2 Constant Current Regulation Fast Charge 4.1V and 8.2V, respectively. With VSET tied to VDD, the MCP73861 and MCP73862 regulate to 4.2V and 8.4V, respectively. 4.4 Charge Cycle Completion and Automatic Re-Charge The MCP7386X monitors the charging current during the constant voltage regulation phase. The charge cycle is considered complete when the charge current has diminished below approximately 8% of the regulation current (IREG) or the elapsed timer has expired. The MCP7386X automatically begins a new charge cycle when the battery voltage falls below the recharge threshold (VRTH) assuming all the qualification parameters are met. 4.5 Thermal Regulation The MCP7386X family limits the charge current based on the die temperature. Thermal regulation optimizes the charge cycle time while maintaining device reliability. If thermal regulation is entered, the timer is automatically slowed down to ensure that a charge cycle will not terminate prematurely. Figure 4-1 depicts the thermal regulation profile. 1400 Maximum Charge Current (mA) 4.0 1200 1000 800 Maximum Minimum 600 400 200 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Die Temperature (° C) Preconditioning ends, and fast charging begins, when the battery voltage exceeds the preconditioning threshold. Fast charge regulates to a constant current (IREG), which is set via an external resistor connected to the PROG pin. Fast charge continues until the battery voltage reaches the regulation voltage (VREG), or the fast charge timer expires; in which case, a fault is indicated and the charge cycle is terminated. 4.3 Constant Voltage Regulation When the battery voltage reaches the regulation voltage (VREG) constant voltage regulation begins. The MCP7386X monitors the battery voltage at the VBAT pin. This input is tied directly to the positive terminal of the battery. The MCP7386X selects the voltage regulation value based on the state of the VSET. With VSET tied to VSS, the MCP73861 and MCP73862 regulate to 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 4-1: Typical Maximum Charge Current vs. Die Temperature. 4.6 Thermal Shutdown The MCP7386X family suspends charge if the die temperature exceeds 155°C. Charging will resume when the die temperature has cooled by approximately 10°C. The thermal shutdown is a secondary safety feature in the event that there is a failure within the thermal regulation circuitry. DS21893A-page 13 MCP73861/2 DS21893A-page 14 Initialize Note 1: The qualification parameters are continuously monitored throughout the charge cycle. Refer to Section 4.1, “Charge Qualification and Preconditioning”, for details. Note 2: The charge current will be scaled based on the die temperature during thermal regulation. Refer to Section 4.5, “Thermal Regulation”, for details. NOTE 1 VDD > VUVLO EN High Yes NOTE 1 Temperature OK No STAT1 = Off STAT2 = Flashing Charge Current = 0 Yes Preconditioning Phase Charge Current = IPREG Reset Safety Timer No No STAT1 = Off STAT2 = Off VBAT > VPTH STAT1 = On STAT2 = Off Yes VBAT > VPTH Constant Current NOTE 2 Phase Charge Current = IREG Reset Safety Timer Yes VBAT = VREG No Yes Fault Charge Current = 0 Reset Safety Timer Yes No IOUT < ITERM Elapsed Timer Expired 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. Temperature OK Yes VDD < VUVLO or EN Low Operational Flow Algorithm. No STAT1 = Off STAT2 = On Yes Charge Termination Charge Current = 0 Reset Safety Timer No Safety Timer Expired Yes No No Yes STAT1 = Off STAT2 = Flashing Safety Timer Suspended Charge Current = 0 FIGURE 4-2: Yes No Safety Timer Expired Yes Constant Voltage Phase Output Voltage = VREG Temperature OK No STAT1 = Off STAT2 = Flashing Safety Timer Suspended Charge Current = 0 Temperature OK No STAT1 = Flashing Safety Timer Suspended Charge Current = 0 VDD < VUVLO VBAT < VRTH or EN Low Yes No STAT1 = Flashing STAT2 = Off MCP73861/2 5.0 DETAILED DESCRIPTION 5.1 Analog Circuitry 5.1.1 BATTERY MANAGEMENT INPUT SUPPLY (VDD1, VDD2) The VDD input is the input supply to the MCP7386X. The MCP7386X automatically enters a Power-down mode if the voltage on the VDD input falls below the undervoltage lockout voltage (VSTOP). This feature prevents draining the battery pack when the VDD supply is not present. 5.1.2 Figure 6-1 depicts a typical application circuit with connection of the THERM input. The resistor values of RT1 and RT2 are calculated with the following equations. For NTC thermistors: 2 × RCOLD × RHOT R T1 = ---------------------------------------------RCOLD – RHOT 2 × RCOLD × RHOT R T2 = ---------------------------------------------RCOLD – 3 × RHOT For PTC thermistors: 2 × RCOLD × RHOT R T1 = ---------------------------------------------RHOT – RCOLD PROG INPUT Fast charge current regulation can be scaled by placing a programming resistor (RPROG) from the PROG input to VSS. Connecting the PROG input to VSS allows for a maximum fast charge current of 1.2A, typically. The minimum fast charge current is 100 mA, set by letting the PROG input float. The following formula calculates the value for RPROG: 13.2 – 11 × I REG R PROG = ---------------------------------------12 × I REG – 1.2 2 × RCOLD × RHOT R T2 = ---------------------------------------------RHOT – 3 × RCOLD Where: RCOLD and RHOT are the thermistor resistance values at the temperature window of interest. Applying a voltage equal to VTHREF/3 to the THERM input disables temperature monitoring. where: IREG is the desired fast charge current in amps RPROG is in kΩ. The preconditioning trickle-charge current and the charge termination current are scaled to approximately 10% and 8% of IREG, respectively. 5.1.3 CELL TEMPERATURE SENSOR BIAS (THREF) A 2.5V voltage reference is provided to bias an external thermistor for continuous cell temperature monitoring and pre-qualification. A ratio metric window comparison is performed at threshold levels of VTHREF/2 and VTHREF/4. 5.1.4 CELL TEMPERATURE SENSOR INPUT (THERM) The MCP73861 and MCP73862 continuously monitor temperature by comparing the voltage between the THERM input and VSS with the upper and lower temperature thresholds. A negative or positive temperature coefficient, NTC or PTC, thermistor and an external voltage-divider typically develop this voltage. The temperature sensing circuit has its own reference to which it performs a ratio metric comparison. Therefore, it is immune to fluctuations in the supply input (VDD). The temperature-sensing circuit is removed from the system when VDD is not applied, eliminating additional discharge of the battery pack. 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. 5.1.5 TIMER SET INPUT (TIMER) The TIMER input programs the period of the safety timers by placing a timing capacitor (CTIMER), between the TIMER input pin and VSS. Three safety timers are programmed via the timing capacitor. The preconditioning safety timer period: C TIMER tPRECON = ------------------- × 1.0Hour s 0.1µF The fast charge safety timer period: C TIMER t FAST = ------------------- × 1.5Hours 0.1µF And, the elapsed time termination period: C TIMER t TERM = ------------------- × 3.0Hours 0.1µF The preconditioning timer starts after qualification and resets when the charge cycle transitions to the constant current, fast charge phase. The fast charge timer and the elapsed timer start after the MCP7386X transitions from preconditioning. The fast charge timer resets when the charge cycle transitions to the constant voltage phase. The elapsed timer will expire and terminate the charge if the sensed current does not diminish below the termination threshold. During thermal regulation, the timer is slowed down proportional to the charge current. DS21893A-page 15 MCP73861/2 5.1.6 BATTERY VOLTAGE SENSE (VBAT3) The MCP7386X monitors the battery voltage at the VBAT3 pin. This input is tied directly to the positive terminal of the battery pack. 5.1.7 BATTERY CHARGE CONTROL OUTPUT (VBAT1, VBAT2) The battery charge control output is the drain terminal of an internal P-channel MOSFET. The MCP7386X provides constant current, constant voltage regulation to the battery pack by controlling this MOSFET in the linear region. The battery charge control output should be connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack. 5.2 Digital Circuitry 5.2.1 CHARGE STATUS OUTPUTS (STAT1,STAT2) Two status outputs provide information on the state of charge. The current-limited, open-drain outputs can be used to illuminate external LEDs. Optionally, a pull-up resistor can be used on the output for communication with a host microcontroller. Table 5-1 summarizes the state of the status outputs during a charge cycle. TABLE 5-1: CHARGE CYCLE STAT1 STATUS OUTPUTS STAT1 STAT2 Qualification Off Off Preconditioning On Off Constant Current Fast Charge On Off Constant Voltage On Off Charge Complete Flashing (1Hz, 50% duty cycle) Off Fault Off On THERM Invalid Off Flashing (1Hz, 50% duty cycle) Disabled - Sleep mode Off Off Input Voltage Disconnected Off Off The flashing rate (1 Hz) is based off a timer capacitor (CTIMER) of 0.1 µF. The rate will vary based on the value of the timer capacitor. During a FAULT condition, the STAT1 status output will be off and the STAT2 status output will be on. To recover from a FAULT condition, the input voltage must be removed and then reapplied, or the enable input (EN) must be de-asserted to a logic-low, then asserted to a logic-high. When the voltage on the THERM input is outside the preset window, the charge cycle will not start, or will be suspended. The charge cycle is not terminated and recovery is automatic. The charge cycle will resume or start once the THERM input is valid and all other qualification parameters are met. During an invalid THERM condition, the STAT1 status output will be off and the STAT2 status output will flash. 5.2.2 VSET INPUT The VSET input selects the regulated output voltage of the MCP7386X. With VSET tied to VSS, the MCP73861 and MCP73862 regulate to 4.1V and 8.2V, respectively. With VSET tied to VDD, the MCP73861 and MCP73862 regulate to 4.2V and 8.4V, respectively. 5.2.3 LOGIC ENABLE (EN) The logic enable input pin (EN) can be used to terminate a charge at any time during the charge cycle, as well as to initiate a charge cycle or initiate a recharge cycle. Applying a logic-high input signal to the EN pin, or tying it to the input source, enables the device. Applying a logic-low input signal disables the device and terminates a charge cycle. When disabled, the device’s supply current is reduced to 0.17 µA, typically. Note: Off state: open-drain is high-impedance; On state: open-drain can sink current, typically 7 mA; Flashing: toggles between off state and on state. DS21893A-page 16 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73861/2 6.0 APPLICATIONS cells, constant current followed by constant voltage. Figure 6-1 depicts a typical stand-alone application circuit and Figures 6-2 and 6-3 depict the accompanying charge profile. STAT1 16 VSET VDD1 VDD2 VSS1 15 EN VSS2 14 13 1 12 2 11 MCP73861 3 10 4 9 5 6 THREF PROG RPROG 7 VBAT3 VBAT2 + Single - Lithium-Ion Cell VBAT1 VSS3 8 TIMER CTIMER THERM Unregulated Wall Cube STAT2 The MCP7386X are designed to operate in conjunction with a host microcontroller or in stand-alone applications. The MCP7386X provides the preferred charge algorithm for Lithium-Ion and Lithium-Polymer RT1 RT2 FIGURE 6-1: Typical Application Circuit. Constant Current Mode Preconditioning Mode Constant Voltage Mode Regulation Voltage (VREG) Regulation Current (IREG) Charge Voltage Transition Threshold (VPTH) Precondition Current (IPREG) Charge Current Termination Current (ITERM) Precondition Safety Timer Fast Charge Safety Timer Elapsed Time Termination Timer FIGURE 6-2: Typical Charge Profile. 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21893A-page 17 MCP73861/2 Preconditioning Mode Constant Current Mode Constant Voltage Mode Regulation Voltage (VREG) Regulation Current (IREG) Charge Voltage Transition Threshold (VPTH) Precondition Current (IPREG) Termination Current (ITERM) Charge Current Precondition Safety Timer Fast Charge Safety Timer Elapsed Time Termination Timer FIGURE 6-3: 6.1 Typical Charge Profile in Thermal Regulation. Application Circuit Design Due to the low efficiency of linear charging, the most important factors are thermal design and cost, which are a direct function of the input voltage, output current and thermal impedance between the battery charger and the ambient cooling air. The worst-case situation is when the device has transitioned from the preconditioning phase to the constant current phase. In this situation, the battery charger has to dissipate the maximum power. A trade-off must be made between the charge current, cost and thermal requirements of the charger. 6.1.1 COMPONENT SELECTION Selection of the external components in Figure 6-1 is crucial to the integrity and reliability of the charging system. The following discussion is intended as a guide for the component selection process. 6.1.1.1 1200 mA is the maximum charge current obtainable from the MCP7386X. For this situation, the PROG input should be connected directly to VSS. 6.1.1.2 Thermal Considerations The worst-case power dissipation in the battery charger occurs when the input voltage is at the maximum and the device has transitioned from the preconditioning phase to the constant current phase. In this case, the power dissipation is: PowerDissipation = ( V DDMAX – V PTHMIN ) × I REGMAX Where: VDDMAX is the maximum input voltage IREGMAX is the maximum fast charge current VPTHMIN is the minimum transition threshold voltage. Current Programming Resistor (RPROG) The preferred fast charge current for Lithium-Ion cells is at the 1C rate, with an absolute maximum current at the 2C rate. For example, a 500 mAh battery pack has a preferred fast charge current of 500 mA. Charging at this rate provides the shortest charge cycle times without degradation to the battery pack performance or life. DS21893A-page 18 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73861/2 Power dissipation with a 5V, ±10% input voltage source is: PowerDissipation = ( 5.5V – 2.7V ) × 575mA = 1.61W With the battery charger mounted on a 1 in2 pad of 1 oz. copper, the junction temperature rise is 60°C, approximately. This would allow for a maximum operating ambient temperature of 50°C before thermal regulation is entered. 6.1.1.3 6.2 PCB Layout Issues For optimum voltage regulation, place the battery pack as close as possible to the device’s VBAT and VSS pins. It is recommended to minimize voltage drops along the high current carrying PCB traces. If the PCB layout is used as a heatsink, adding many vias in the heatsink pad can help conduct more heat to the back-plane of the PCB, thus reducing the maximum junction temperature. External Capacitors The MCP7386X is stable with or without a battery load. In order to maintain good AC stability in the Constant Voltage mode, a minimum capacitance of 4.7 µF is recommended to bypass the VBAT pin to VSS. This capacitance provides compensation when there is no battery load. In addition, the battery and interconnections appear inductive at high frequencies. These elements are in the control feedback loop during constant voltage mode. Therefore, the bypass capacitance may be necessary to compensate for the inductive nature of the battery pack. Virtually any good quality output filter capacitor can be used, independent of the capacitor’s minimum Effective Series Resistance (ESR) value. The actual value of the capacitor and its associated ESR depends on the output load current. A 4.7 µF ceramic, tantalum or aluminum electrolytic capacitor at the output is usually sufficient to ensure stability for up to a 1A output current. 6.1.1.4 Reverse-Blocking Protection The MCP7386X provides protection from a faulted or shorted input, or from a reversed-polarity input source. Without the protection, a faulted or shorted input would discharge the battery pack through the body diode of the internal pass transistor. 6.1.1.5 Enable Interface In the stand-alone configuration, the enable pin is generally tied to the input voltage. The MCP7386X automatically enters a low-power mode when voltage on the VDD input falls below the undervoltage lockout voltage (VSTOP) reducing the battery drain current to 0.23 µA, typically. 6.1.1.6 Charge Status Interface Two status outputs provide information on the state of charge. The current-limited, open-drain outputs can be used to illuminate external LEDs. Refer to Table 5-1 for a summary of the state of the status outputs during a charge cycle. 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21893A-page 19 MCP73861/2 7.0 PACKAGING INFORMATION 7.1 Package Marking Information Example: 16-Lead QFN 16 15 14 13 1 XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX YYWW NNN 2 3 4 5 6 Legend: Note: * 16 12 7 XX...X YY WW NNN 11 2 10 3 9 4 8 15 14 13 1 12 G3861 I/ML 0412 256 5 6 7 11 10 9 8 Customer specific information* Year code (last 2 digits of calendar year) Week code (week of January 1 is week ‘01’) Alphanumeric traceability code In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will be carried over to the next line thus limiting the number of available characters for customer specific information. Standard OTP marking consists of Microchip part number, year code, week code, and traceability code. DS21893A-page 20 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73861/2 16-Lead Plastic Quad Flat No Lead Package (ML) 4x4x0.9 mm Body (QFN) – Saw Singulated D D1 EXPOSED METAL PAD e E1 E 2 b 1 n OPTIONAL INDEX AREA TOP VIEW L BOTTOM VIEW A3 A A1 Number of Pins Pitch Overall Height Standoff Contact Thickness Overall Width Exposed Pad Width Overall Length Exposed Pad Length Contact Width Contact Length Units Dimension Limits n e A A1 A3 E E2 D D2 b L MIN .031 .000 .152 .100 .152 .100 .010 .012 INCHES NOM 16 .026 BSC .035 .001 .008 REF .157 .106 .157 .106 .012 .016 MAX .039 .002 .163 .110 .163 .110 .014 .020 MILLIMETERS* NOM 16 0.65 BSC 0.80 0.90 0.00 0.02 0.20 REF 4.00 3.85 2.55 2.70 3.85 4.00 2.55 2.70 0.25 0.30 0.30 0.40 MIN MAX 1.00 0.05 4.15 2.80 4.15 2.80 0.35 0.50 *Controlling Parameter Notes: JEDEC equivalent: MO-220 Drawing No. C04-127 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. Revised 04-24-05 DS21893A-page 21 MCP73861/2 NOTES: DS21893A-page 22 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73861/2 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, refer to the factory or the listed sales office. PART NO. X XX Device Temperature Range Package Examples: a) b) a) Device MCP73861: MCP73861T: MCP73862: MCP73862T: Single-cell charge controller with temperature monitor Single-cell charge controller with temperature monitor, Tape and Reel Dual series cells charge controller with temperature monitor Dual series cells charge controller with temperature monitor, Tape and Reel Temperature Range I Package ML = Plastic Quad Flat No Lead, 4x4 mm Body (QFN), 16-lead Lead Finish G = Matte Tin (Pure Sn) b) MCP73861T-I/MLG: Tape and Reel, Single Cell Controller MCP73861-I/MLG: Single Cell Controller MCP73862T-I/MLG: Tape and Reel, Dual Series Controller MCP73862-I/MLG: Dual Series Controller = -40°C to +85°C (Industrial) Sales and Support Data Sheets Products supported by a preliminary Data Sheet may have an errata sheet describing minor operational differences and recommended workarounds. To determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please contact one of the following: 1. 2. 3. Your local Microchip sales office The Microchip Corporate Literature Center U.S. FAX: (480) 792-7277 The Microchip Worldwide Site (www.microchip.com) Please specify which device, revision of silicon and Data Sheet (include Literature #) you are using. Customer Notification System Register on our web site (www.microchip.com/cn) to receive the most current information on our products. 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21893A-page 23 MCP73861/2 NOTES: DS21893A-page 24 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices: • Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet. • Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions. • There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip’s Data Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property. • Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code. • Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product as “unbreakable.” Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our products. Attempts to break Microchip’s code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act. Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is intended through suggestion only and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. No representation or warranty is given and no liability is assumed by Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such use or otherwise. Use of Microchip’s products as critical components in life support systems is not authorized except with express written approval by Microchip. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual property rights. Trademarks The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, Accuron, dsPIC, KEELOQ, microID, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART, PRO MATE, PowerSmart, rfPIC, and SmartShunt are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. AmpLab, FilterLab, MXDEV, MXLAB, PICMASTER, SEEVAL, SmartSensor and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, dsPICworks, ECAN, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, FlexROM, fuzzyLAB, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, ICEPIC, Migratable Memory, MPASM, MPLIB, MPLINK, MPSIM, PICkit, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICLAB, PICtail, PowerCal, PowerInfo, PowerMate, PowerTool, rfLAB, rfPICDEM, Select Mode, Smart Serial, SmartTel and Total Endurance are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. 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