LINER LTC4261IGN-2 Negative voltage hot swap controllers with adc and i2c monitoring Datasheet

LTC4261/LTC4261-2
Negative Voltage
Hot Swap Controllers with
ADC and I2C Monitoring
FEATURES
DESCRIPTION
■
The LTC®4261/LTC4261-2 negative voltage Hot SwapTM
controllers allow a board to be safely inserted and removed
from a live backplane. Using an external N-channel pass
transistor, the board supply voltage can be ramped at an
adjustable rate. The devices feature independently adjustable inrush current and overcurrent limits to minimize
stresses on the pass transistor during start-up, input
step and output short conditions. The LTC4261 defaults
to latch-off while the LTC4261-2 defaults to auto-retry on
overcurrent faults.
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
Allows Safe Insertion into Live –48V Backplanes
10-Bit ADC Monitors Current and Voltages
I2C/SMBus Interface or Single-Wire Broadcast Mode
Floating Topology Allows Very High Voltage
Operation
Independently Adjustable Inrush and Overcurrent
Limits
Controlled Soft-Start Inrush
Adjustable UV/OV Thresholds and Hysteresis
Sequenced Power Good Outputs with Delays
Adjustable Power Good Input Timeout
Programmable Latchoff or Auto-Retry After Faults
Alerts Host After Faults
Available in 28-Lead Narrow SSOP and 24-Lead
(4mm × 5mm) QFN Packages
APPLICATIONS
■
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AdvancedTCA Systems
Telecom Infrastructure
–48V Distributed Power Systems
Power Monitors
An I2C interface and onboard 10-bit ADC allow monitoring
of board current, voltage and fault status. A single-wire
broadcast mode is available to simplify the interface by
eliminating two optoisolators.
The controllers have additional features to interrupt the
host when a fault has occurred, notify when output power
is good, detect insertion of a board and turn off the pass
transistor if an external supply monitor fails to indicate
power good within a timeout period.
, LT, LTC and LTM are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation.
Hot Swap is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation. Patents pending.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
TYPICAL APPLICATION
–48V/200W Hot Swap Controller with I2C and ADC
–48V RTN
453k
1%
UV = 38.5V
UV RELEASE
AT 43V
16.9k
1%
OV = 72.3V
OV RELEASE
AT 71V
11.8k
1%
Start-Up Behavior
4× 1k IN SERIES
1/4W EACH
UVL
UVH
ADIN2
OV
INTVCC
ON
SS
PGI
ALERT
SDAO
SDAI
LTC4261CGN
SCL
ADIN
PGIO
TMR EN VEE
SENSE GATE DRAIN RAMP PG
47nF
1µF
220nF
0.1µF
47nF
–48V INPUT
50V/DIV
VIN
10Ω
1M
–48V INPUT
Q1
IRF1310NS
LOAD
ON
330µF
100V
VOUT
50V/DIV
SENSE
0.5A/DIV
VIN–
PG
50V/DIV
1k
10nF
100V
5%
0.008Ω
1%
+
VIN+
10ms/DIV
42612 TA01b
VOUT
42612 TA01
42612fb
1
LTC4261/LTC4261-2
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
(Notes 1, 2)
VIN (Note 3) ......................................... –0.3V to 10.65V
Drain (Note 4) .......................................... –0.3V to 3.5V
PGI, ON, ALERT, SDAO, SDAI, SCL, ADIN, ADIN2,
OV, SENSE, ADR1, ADR0, FLTIN, TMR,
SS, RAMP Voltages.................... –0.3V to INTVCC + 0.3V
UVL, UVH, EN ............................................ –0.3V to 10V
GATE Voltage .................................. –0.3V to VIN + 0.3V
PG, PGIO Voltages .................................... –0.3V to 80V
Supply Voltage (INTVCC) .......................... –0.3V to 5.5V
Operating Temperature Range
LTC4261C ................................................ 0°C to 70°C
LTC4261I ............................................. –40°C to 85°C
Storage Temperature Range
SSOP ................................................. –65°C to 150°C
QFN.................................................... –65°C to 125°C
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec)
SSOP Only ........................................................ 300°C
PACKAGE/ORDER INFORMATION
TOP VIEW
PGI
1
28 PGIO
ON
2
27 PG
ALERT
3
26 EN
SDAO
4
25 ADR1
SDAO 1
SDAI
5
24 ADR0
SDAI 2
SCL
6
23 ADIN
SCL 3
INTVCC
7
22 FLTIN
INTVCC 4
UVL
8
21 VIN
UVL 5
15 VIN
UVH
9
20 TMR
UVH 6
14 TMR
16 DRAIN
SENSE 14
15 GATE
GN PACKAGE
28-LEAD PLASTIC SSOP
TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 85°C/W
ORDER PART NUMBER
LTC4261CGN
LTC4261IGN
LTC4261CGN-2
LTC4261IGN-2
PG
PGI
ON
ALERT
PGIO
16 ADIN
OV 7
13 SS
8
9 10 11 12
RAMP
17 NC
VEE 13
17 ADR0
25
DRAIN
18 RAMP
NC 12
18 ADR1
GATE
OV 11
19 EN
VEE
19 SS
24 23 22 21 20
SENSE
ADIN2 10
TOP VIEW
UFD PACKAGE
24-LEAD (4mm × 5mm) PLASTIC QFN
TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 45°C/W
EXPOSED PAD (PIN 25) PCB VEE ELECTRICAL CONNECTION OPTIONAL
ORDER PART NUMBER
UFD PART MARKING*
LTC4261CUFD
LTC4261IUFD
LTC4261CUFD-2
LTC4261IUFD-2
4261
4261
42612
42612
Order Options Tape and Reel: Add #TR
Lead Free: Add #PBF Lead Free Tape and Reel: Add #TRPBF
Lead Free Part Marking: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/
*The temperature grade is identified by a label on the shipping container. Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges.
42612fb
2
LTC4261/LTC4261-2
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating
temperature range, otherwise specifications are at IIN = 5mA, TA = 25°C. (Note 2)
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
VZ
Shunt Regulator Voltage at VIN
IIN = 5mA
●
ΔVZ
Shunt Regulator Load Regulation
IIN = 5mA to 25mA
●
IIN
VIN Supply Current
VIN = VZ – 0.3V
●
VIN(UVLO)
VIN Undervoltage Lockout Threshold
VIN Rising
●
ΔVIN(UVLO)
VIN Undervoltage Lockout Hysteresis
INTVCC
Internal Regulator Voltage
VGATEH
UNITS
10.65
11.2
11.8
V
370
600
mV
2
5
mA
8.5
9
9.5
V
●
0.3
0.7
1
V
ILOAD = 1mA to 20mA, IIN = 25mA
●
4.75
5
5.25
V
GATE Pin Output High Voltage
VIN = 10.65V
●
10
10.25
10.5
V
IGATE(UP)
GATE Pin Pull-Up Current
VGATE = 4V
●
–7.5
–11.5
–15.5
µA
IGATE(OFF)
GATE Turn-Off Current
VSENSE = 300mV, VGATE = 4V
●
60
110
140
mA
Gate Off, VGATE = 4V
●
60
110
140
mA
VSENSE = 100mV, CGATE = 1pF
●
0.5
1.5
µs
VSENSE = 300mV, CGATE = 1pF
●
0.2
0.5
µs
0.2
0.5
µs
General
Gate Drive
tPHL(SENSE)
SENSE High to Current Limit
Propagation Delay
tPHL(GATE)
GATE Off Propagation Delay
Input High (OV, EN, PGI), Input Low (ON, UVL),
CGATE = 1pF
●
tPHLCB
Circuit Breaker Gate Off Delay
VGATE < 2V, CGATE = 1pF
●
440
530
620
µs
IRAMP
RAMP Pin Current
VSS = 2.56V
●
–18
–20
–22
µA
VSS
SS Pin Clamp Voltage
●
2.43
2.56
2.69
V
ISS(UP)
SS Pin Pull-Up Current
VSS = 0V
●
–7
–10
–13
µA
SS Pin Pull-Down Current
VSS = 2.56V
●
6
12
20
mA
VUVH(TH)
UVH Threshold Voltage
VUVH Rising
LTC4261C
LTC4261I
●
●
2.534
2.522
2.56
2.56
2.586
2.598
V
VUVL(TH)
UVL Threshold Voltage
VUVL Falling
LTC4261C
LTC4261I
●
●
2.263
2.254
2.291
2.291
2.319
2.328
V
ΔVUV(HYST)
Built-In UV Hysteresis
UVH and UVL Tied Together
●
256
269
282
δVUV
UVH, UVL Minimum Hysteresis
VUVLR(TH)
UVL Reset Threshold Voltage
ΔVUVLR(HYST)
UVL Reset Hysteresis
VOV(TH)
OV Pin Threshold Voltage
ΔVOV(HYST)
ISS(DN)
Input Pins
15
●
VUVL Falling
1.12
1.21
mV
mV
1.30
60
V
mV
●
●
1.744
1.735
1.770
1.770
1.796
1.805
OV Pin Hysteresis
●
18
37.5
62
mV
ΔVSENSE
Current Limit Sense Voltage Threshold
VSENSE – VEE
●
45
50
55
mV
VINPUT(TH)
ON, EN, PGI, FLTIN Threshold Voltage
ON, EN, PGI, FLTIN Falling or Rising
●
0.8
1.4
2
V
ΔVINPUT(HYST)
ON, EN, PGI, FLTIN Hysteresis
VPGIO(TH)
PGIO Pin Input Threshold Voltage
ΔVPGIO(HYST)
PGIO Pin Input Hysteresis
IINPUT
ON, EN, UVH, UVL, OV, SENSE, PGI,
FLTIN Input Current
VOV Rising
LTC4261C
LTC4261I
170
VPGIO Rising
●
1.10
1.25
mV
1.40
100
ON, EN, UVH, UVL, OV, SENSE, PGI, FLTIN = 3V ●
0
V
V
mV
±2
µA
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3
LTC4261/LTC4261-2
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating
temperature range, otherwise specifications are at IIN = 5mA, TA = 25°C. (Note 2)
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
VTMR(H)
TMR Pin High Threshold
VTMR Rising
VTMR(L)
TMR Pin Low Threshold
VTMR Falling
ITMR(UP)
TMR Pin Pull-Up Current
UNITS
●
2.43
2.56
2.69
V
●
40
75
110
mV
Turn-On and Auto-Retry (Except OC) Delays,
VTMR = 0.2V
●
–7
–10
–13
µA
Power Good, PGI Check and OC Auto-Retry
Delays, VTMR = 0.2V
●
–3.5
–5
–6.5
µA
Delays Except PGI Check or OC Auto-Retry,
VTMR = 2.56V
●
6
12
20
mA
PGI Check and OC Auto-Retry Delays,
VTRM = 2.56V
●
3
5
7
µA
Timer
ITMR(DN)
TMR Pin Pull-Down Current
Output Pins
VPWRGD
PG, PGIO Pins Output Low
IPG, IPGIO = 3mA
IPG, IPGIO = 500µA
●
●
0.8
0.15
1.6
0.4
V
V
IPWRGD
PG, PGIO Pins Leakage Current
PG, PGIO = 80V
●
0
±10
µA
Resolution (No Missing Codes)
(Note 5)
●
Integral Nonlinearity
SENSE
●
±0.5
±2.5
LSB
ADIN2/OV, ADIN
●
±0.25
±1.25
LSB
SENSE
●
±1.75
LSB
ADIN2/OV, ADIN
●
±1.25
LSB
SENSE
●
62.8
64
65.2
mV
ADIN2/OV, ADIN
●
2.514
2.560
2.606
V
SENSE
●
±1.8
%
ADIN2/OV, ADIN
●
±1.6
%
ADC
INL
VOS
Offset Error
Full-Scale Voltage
Total Unadjused Error
10
Bits
●
5.5
7.3
RADIN
ADIN, ADIN2 Pins Input Resistance
ADIN, ADIN2 = 1.28V
●
2
10
IADIN
ADIN, ADIN2 Pins Input Current
ADIN, ADIN2 = 2.56V
●
Conversion Rate
9
Hz
MΩ
0
±2
µA
I2C Interface
VADR(H)
ADR0, ADR1 Input High Threshold
●
INTVCC
– 0.8
INTVCC
– 0.5
INTVCC
– 0.3
V
VADR(L)
ADR0, ADR1 Input Low Threshold
●
0.3
0.5
0.8
V
IADR(IN)
ADR0, ADR1 Input Current
±80
µA
VALERT(OL)
ALERT Pin Output Low Voltage
VSDAO(OL)
ADR0, ADR1 = 0V, 5V
●
ADR0, ADR1 = 0.8V, (INTVCC – 0.8V)
●
IALERT = 4mA
●
0.2
0.4
V
SDAO Pin Output Low Voltage
ISDAO = 4mA
●
0.2
0.4
V
ISDAO,ALERT(IN)
SDAO, ALERT Input Current
SDAO, ALERT = 5V
●
0
±5
µA
VSDAI,SCL(TH)
SDAI, SCL Input Threshold
1.8
2
V
ISDAI,SCL(IN)
SDAI, SCL Input Current
0
±2
µA
●
SDAI, SCL = 5V
●
±10
1.6
µA
42612fb
4
LTC4261/LTC4261-2
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating
temperature range, otherwise specifications are at IIN = 5mA, TA = 25°C. (Note 2)
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
I2C Interface Timing (Note 5)
fSCL(MAX)
Maximum SCL Clock Frequency
tLOW
Minimum SCL Low Period
0.65
1.3
µs
tHIGH
Minimum SCL High Period
50
600
ns
tBUF(MIN)
Minimum Bus Free Time Between
Stop/Start Condition
0.12
1.3
µs
tHD,STA(MIN)
Minimum Hold Time After (Repeated)
Start Condition
140
600
ns
tSU,STA(MIN)
Minimum Repeated Start Condition
Set-Up Time
30
600
ns
tSU,STO(MIN)
Minimum Stop Condition Set-Up Time
30
600
ns
tHD,DATI(MIN)
Minimum Data Hold Time Input
–100
0
ns
tHD,DATO(MIN)
Minimum Data Hold Time Output
600
900
ns
tSU,DAT(MIN)
Minimum Data Set-Up Time Input
30
100
ns
tSP(MAX)
Maximum Suppressed Spike Pulse
Width
50
110
250
ns
tRST
Stuck-Bus Reset Time
SCL or SDAI Held Low
25
66
CX
SCL,SDA Input Capacitance
SDAI Tied to SDAO
400
300
Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings
may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute
Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device
reliability and lifetime.
Note 2: All currents into pins are positive, all voltages are referenced to
device GND (VEE) unless otherwise specified.
Note 3: An internal shunt regulator limits the VIN pin to a minimum of
10.65V. Driving this pin to voltages beyond 10.65V may damage the part.
kHz
5
ms
10
pF
The pin can be safely tied to higher voltages through a resistor that limits
the current below 50mA.
Note 4: An internal clamp limits the DRAIN pin to a minimum of 3.5V.
Driving this pin to voltages beyond the clamp may damage the part. The
pin can be safely tied to higher voltages through a resistor that limits the
current below 2mA.
Note 5: Guaranteed by design and not subject to test.
42612fb
5
LTC4261/LTC4261-2
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Shunt Regulator Voltage
vs Input Current
Shunt Regulator Voltage
vs Temperature
30
INTVCC vs Load Current
11.35
5.06
25
5.04
INTVCC VOLTAGE (V)
11.30
20
11.25
15
11.20
10
0
10.8
11.10
–50
11.8
11
11.2
11.4
11.6
SHUNT REGULATOR VOLTAGE AT VIN (V)
5.02
5.00
4.98
11.15
5
–25
0
25
50
TEMPERATURE (°C)
42612 G01
75
4.96
100
10.5
–12
150
–10
125
10.0
–50
GATE TURN-OFF CURRENT (mA)
GATE PULL-UP CURRENT (µA)
GATE OUTPUT HIGH VOLTAGE (V)
10.1
–8
–6
–4
–2
0
25
50
TEMPERATURE (°C)
75
0
100
2
4
6
8
GATE VOLTAGE (V)
75
50
25
10
0
12
2.570
2.300
–19.0
–50
–25
0
25
50
TEMPERATURE (°C)
75
100
42612 G07
UVH THRESHOLD VOLTAGE (V)
–21.5
UVH THRESHOLD VOLTAGE (V)
2.305
–19.5
6
2.565
2.560
2.555
2.550
2.545
–50
–25
0
25
50
TEMPERATURE (°C)
10
8
UVL Threshold vs Temperature
2.575
–20.0
4
42612 G06
–22.0
–20.5
2
VGS (V)
UVH Threshold vs Temperature
RAMP Pin Current vs Temperature
RAMP PIN CURRENT (µA)
100
42612 G05
42612 G04
–21.0
VSENSE = 300mV
0
0
–25
20
GATE Turn-Off Current
vs GATE Voltage
VIN = 10.65V
10.2
10
15
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
42612 G03
GATE Pull-Up Current
vs GATE Voltage
10.3
5
0
42612 G02
GATE Output High Voltage
vs Temperature
10.4
IIN = 25mA
IIN = 5mA
SHUNT REGULATOR VOLTAGE AT VIN (V)
VIN PIN INPUT CURRENT (mA)
IIN = 5mA, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted
75
100
42612 G08
2.295
2.290
2.285
2.280
2.275
–50
–25
0
25
50
TEMPERATURE (°C)
75
100
42612 G09
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LTC4261/LTC4261-2
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
52.0
1.780
CURRENT LIMIT SENSE VOLTAGE (mV)
50
1.785
OV HYSTERESIS (mV)
45
1.775
1.770
1.765
40
35
30
1.760
–25
0
25
50
TEMPERATURE (°C)
75
25
–50
100
0
25
50
TEMPERATURE (°C)
–25
75
42612 G08
PG OUTPUT LOW VOLTAGE (V)
tPHL(SENSE) (ns)
400
–25
0
25
50
TEMPERATURE (°C)
75
5
TA = 85°C
4
TA = 25°C
3
2
TA = –40°C
1
0
500
2
4
6
8
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
0.5
0
–0.5
–1.0
10
0
256
512
768
42612 G15
ADC INL vs Code (ADIN Pin)
3
1024
CODE
42612 G14
ADC Full-Scale Error vs
Temperature (ADIN Pin)
100
1.0
42612 G13
ADC DNL vs Code (ADIN Pin)
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
1
0
–1
ADC DNL (LSB)
2
ADC INL (LSB)
ADC FULL-SCALE ERROR (LSB)
49.5
ADC Total Unadjusted Error
vs Code (ADIN Pin)
6
300
200
VSENSE (mV)
50.0
42612 G08
0
100
50.5
PG, PGIO Output Low
vs Load Current
CGATE = 1pF
0
51.0
42612 G11
Current Limit Propagation Delay
(tPHL(SENSE)) vs VSENSE
1000
51.5
49.0
–50
100
ADC TOTAL UNADJUSTED ERROR (LSB)
1.755
–50
100
Current Limit Voltage
vs Temperature
OV Hysteresis vs Temperature
OV Threshold vs Temperature
OV THRESHOLD VOLTAGE (V)
IIN = 5mA, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted
0
–0.5
0
–0.5
–2
–3
–50
–25
0
25
50
TEMPERATURE (°C)
75
100
–1.0
0
256
512
768
1024
CODE
42612 G16
–1.0
0
256
512
768
1024
CODE
42612 G17
42612 G18
42612fb
7
LTC4261/LTC4261-2
PIN FUNCTIONS (SSOP/QFN)
ADIN (Pin 23/Pin 16): ADC Input. A voltage between 0V
and 2.56V applied to this pin is measured by the on-chip
ADC. Tie to VEE if unused.
ADIN2 (Pin 10/NA): Second ADC Input. Not available on
QFN package.
ADR0, ADR1 (Pins 24, 25/Pins 17, 18): Serial Bus Address Inputs. Tying these pins to VEE, OPEN or INTVCC
configures one of nine possible addresses. See Table 1
in Applications Information.
ALERT (Pin 3/Pin 24): Fault Alert Output. Open-drain
logic output that pulls to VEE when a fault occurs to alert
the host controller. A fault alert is enabled by the ALERT
register. See Applications Information. Connect to VEE if
unused.
DRAIN (Pin 16/Pin 11): Drain Sense Input. Connect an
external 1M resistor between this pin and the drain terminal
(VOUT) of the N-channel FET. When the DRAIN pin voltage is less than 1.77V and the GATE pin voltage is above
VZ – 1.2V the power good outputs are asserted after a
delay. The voltage at this pin is internally clamped to 4V.
EN (Pin 26/Pin 19): Device Enable Input. Pull low to enable
the N-channel FET to turn-on after a start-up debounce
delay set by the TMR pin. When this pin is pulled high, the
FET is off. Transitions on this pin will be recorded in the
FAULT register. A high-to-low transition activates the logic
to read the state of the ON pin and clear faults. Requires
external pull-up. Debouncing with an external capacitor
is recommended when used to monitor board present.
Connect to VEE if unused.
Exposed Pad (Pin 25, QFN Only): Exposed Pad may be
left open or connected to device ground (VEE).
FLTIN (Pin 22/NA): General Purpose Fault Input. If this
pin pulls low, the FAULT register bit B7 is latched to “1.”
This pin is used to sense an external fault condition and
its status does not affect the FET control functions of the
LTC4261. Not available on the QFN package. Connect to
INTVCC if unused.
GATE (Pin 15/Pin 10): N-Channel FET Gate Drive Output.
This pin is pulled up by an internal current source IGATE
(11.5µA when the SS pin reaches its clamping voltage).
GATE stays low until VIN and INTVCC cross the UVLO
thresholds, UV and OV conditions are satisified and an
adjustable timer delay expires. During turn-off, shortcircuit or undervoltage lockout (VIN or INTVCC), a 110mA
pull-down current between GATE and VEE is activated.
INTVCC (Pin 7/Pin 4): Low Voltage (5V) Supply Output.
This is the output of the internal linear regulator with an
internal UVLO threshold of 4.25V. This voltage powers up
the data converter and logic control circuitry. Bypass this
pin with a 0.1µF capacitor to VEE.
ON (Pin 2/Pin 23): On Control Input. A rising edge turns
on the external N-channel FET while a falling edge turns it
off. This pin is also used to configure the state of the FET
ON register bit D3 in the CONTROL register (and hence
the external FET) at power-up. For example if the ON pin
is tied high, then the register bit D3 goes high one timer
cycle after power-up. Likewise, if the ON pin is tied low,
then the device remains off after power-up until the register bit D3 is set high using the I2C bus. A high-to-low
transition on this pin clears faults.
OV (Pin 11/Pin 7): Overvoltage Detection Input. Connect
this pin to an external resistive divider from VEE. If the
voltage at the pin rises above 1.77V, the N-channel FET is
turned off. The overvoltage condition does not affect the
status of the power good outputs. On the QFN package,
this pin is also measured by the on-chip ADC. Connect
to VEE if unused.
PG (Pin 27/Pin 20): Power Good Status Output. This
open-drain pin pulls low and stays latched a timer delay
after the FET is on (when GATE reaches VZ – 1.2V and
DRAIN is within 1.77V of VEE). The power good output is
reset in all GATE pull-down events except an overvoltage
fault. Connect to VEE if unused.
PGI (Pin 1/Pin 22): Power Good Input. This pin along
with the PGI check timer serves as a watchdog to monitor
the power-up of the DC/DC converter. The PGI pin must
be low before the PGI check timer expires, otherwise the
GATE pin pulls down and stays latched and a power bad
fault is logged into the FAULT register. The PGI timer is
started after the second power good is latched and its
delay is equal to four times the start-up debounce delay.
Connect to VEE if unused.
42612fb
8
LTC4261/LTC4261-2
PIN FUNCTIONS (SSOP/QFN)
PGIO (Pin 28/Pin 21): General Purpose Input/Output. Opendrain logic output and logic input. Defaults to pull low a
timer delay after the PG pin goes low to indicate a second
power good output. Configure according to Table 6.
RAMP (Pin 18/Pin 12): Inrush Current Ramp Control
Pin. The inrush current is set by placing a capacitor (CR)
between the RAMP pin and the drain terminal of the FET.
At start-up, the GATE pin is pulled up by IGATE(UP) until the
pass transistor begins to turn on. A current, IRAMP, then
flows through CR to ramp down the output voltage VOUT.
The value of IRAMP is controlled by the SS pin voltage.
When the SS pin reaches its clamp voltage (2.56V), IRAMP
= 20µA. The ramp rate of VOUT and the load capacitor CL
set the inrush current: IINRUSH = (CL/CR) • IRAMP.
SCL (Pin 6/Pin 3): Serial Bus Clock Input. Data at the
SDAI pin is shifted in and data at the SDAO pin is shifted
out on rising edges of SCL. This is a high impedance pin
that is generally connected to the output of the incoming
optoisolator driven by the SCL port of the master controller.
An external pull-up resistor or current source is required.
Pull up to INTVCC if unused.
SS (Pin 19/Pin 13): Soft-Start Input. Connect a capacitor to
this pin to control the rate of rise of inrush current (dI/dt)
during start-up. An internal 10µA current source charging
the external soft-start capacitor (CSS) creates a voltage
ramp. This voltage is converted to a current to charge the
GATE pin up and to ramp the output voltage down. The
SS pin is internally clamped to 2.56V limiting IGATE(UP) to
11.5µA and IRAMP to 20µA. If the SS capacitor is absent,
the SS pin ramps from 0V to 2.56V in 220µs.
TMR (Pin 20/Pin 14): Delay Timer Input. Connect a capacitor (CTMR) to this pin to create timing delays at start-up,
when power good outputs pull down, during PGI check and
when auto-retrying after faults (except overvoltage fault).
Internal pull-up currents of 10µA and 5µA and pull-down
currents of 5µA and 12mA configure the delay periods as
multiples of a nominal delay of 256ms • CTMR/µF. Delays
for start-up and auto-retry following undervoltage or power
bad fault are the same as the nominal delay. Delays for
sequenced power good outputs are twice of the nominal
delay. Delays for PGI check and auto-retry following overcurrent fault are four times the nominal delay.
SDAI (Pin 5/Pin 2): Serial Bus Data Input. This is a high
impedance input pin used for shifting in command or
data bits. An external pull-up resistor or current source is
required. Normally connected to the output of the incoming
optoisolator that is driven by the SDA port of the master
controller. Pull up to INTVCC if unused.
UVH (Pin 9/Pin 6): Undervoltage High Level Input. Connect this pin to an external resistive divider from VEE. If
the voltage at the UVH pin rises above 2.56V the pass
transistor is allowed to turn on. A small capacitor at this
pin prevents transients and switching noise from affecting
the UVH threshold. Connect to INTVCC if unused.
SDAO (Pin 4/Pin 1): Serial Bus Data Output. Open-drain
output used for sending data back to the master controller
or acknowledging a write operation. An external pull-up
resistor or current source is required. Normally connected
to the input of the outgoing optoisolator that outputs to
the SDA port of the master controller. In the single-wire
broadcast mode, the SDAO pin sends out selected data
that is encoded with an internal clock.
UVL (Pin 8/Pin 5): Undervoltage Low Level Input. Connect this pin to an external resistive divider from VEE. If
the voltage at the UVL pin drops below 2.291V, the pass
transistor is turned off and the power good outputs go
high impedance. Pulling this pin below 1.21V resets faults
and allows the pass transistor to turn back on. Connect
to INTVCC if unused.
SENSE (Pin 14/Pin 9): Current Limit Sense Input. Load
current through the external sense resistor (RS) is monitored and controlled by an active current limit amplifier to
50mV/RS. Once VSENSE reaches 50mV, a circuit breaker
timer starts and turns off the pass transistor after 530µs. In
the event of a catastrophic short circuit, if VSENSE crosses
150mV, a fast response comparator immediately pulls the
GATE pin down to turn off the N-channel FET.
VEE (Pin 13/Pin 8): Negative Supply Voltage Input and
Device Ground. Connect this pin to the negative side of
the power supply.
VIN (Pin 21/Pin 15): Positive Supply Input. Connect this
pin to the positive supply through a dropping resistor. An
internal shunt regulator clamps VIN at 11.2V. An internal
undervoltage lockout (UVLO) circuit holds the GATE low
until VIN is above 9V. Bypass this pin with a 1µF capacitor to VEE.
42612fb
9
LTC4261/LTC4261-2
BLOCK DIAGRAM
VIN
INTVCC
VIN
11.2V
UVLO:
VIN = 9V
INTVCC = 4.25V
VCC
– +
20µA
5V
+
–
50nA
SSA
RAMP
VEE
ACL
SENSE
+
–
VEE
10µA
GATE
3pF
+–
50mV
VEE
VEE
–
+
SS
SSC
2.56V
VEE
40×
VSENSE
PG
UVL
+
–
UVL
2.56V
+
–
UVH
OV
1.77V
+
–
2.291V
UVH
OV
VEE
PGIO
VEE
FLTIN
LOGIC
PGI
EN
5µA
ON
2.56V
+
–
TMR
GC
12mA
ADR0
ADR1
5µA
A0
•
DECODER •
A7
A8
MUX
DRAIN
1.77V
VZ – 1.2V
4V
VEE
GATE
I2C DEVICE ADDRESS
SCL
SINGLE-WIRE ENABLE
SDAI
10-BIT ADC
SDAO
I2C
INTERFACE
VREF = 2.56V
ADIN
ADIN2/OV
8
+
–
DC
TMR
+
–
5µA
10
REGISTER
10
ALERT
VSENSE
VEE
42612 BD
42612fb
10
LTC4261/LTC4261-2
OPERATION
The LTC4261/LTC4261-2 are designed to turn a board’s
supply voltage on and off in a controlled manner, allowing the board to be safely inserted or removed from a
live – 48V backplane. The devices also feature an onboard
10-bit ADC and I2C interface that allows monitoring board
current, voltages and faults. The main functional circuits
of the LTC4261/LTC4261-2 are illustrated in the Block
Diagram.
In normal operation after a start-up debounce delay, the
GATE pin turns on the external N-channel FET passing
power to the load. The GATE pin is powered by a shunt
regulated 11.2V supply on the VIN pin that is derived
from –48V RTN through a dropping resistor. The turn-on
sequence starts by pulling the SS pin up. The voltage at
the SS pin is converted to a current, IGATE(UP), pulling the
GATE up. When the pass FET starts to turn on and charge
the load capacitor, the inrush current flowing through the
FET is a function of the capacitor at RAMP (CR), the load
capacitor (CL) and the ramp current (IRAMP) that flows
from the RAMP pin to CR:
IINRUSH = IRAMP •
CL
CR
IRAMP and IGATE(UP) are approximately proportional to the
SS pin voltage and are limited to 20µA and 11.5µA, respectively when SS reaches its clamping voltage (2.56V).
The ACL amplifier is used for overcurrent and short-circuit
protection. It monitors the load current through the SENSE
pin voltage and a sense resistor RS. In an overcurrent condition, the ACL amplifier limits the current to 50mV/RS by
pulling down GATE in an active servo loop. After a 530µs
timeout, the ACL amplifier turns off the pass FET. In the
event of a catastrophic short circuit, when VSENSE crosses
150mV, a fast response comparator pulls the GATE pin
down with a 110mA current.
The DRAIN and the GATE voltages are monitored to determine if power is available for the load. Two power good
signals are sequenced on the PG pin (first power good
signal) and the PGIO pin (second power good signal), each
with a debounce delay that is twice the start-up delay. The
PGIO pin can also be used as a general purpose input or
output. The PGI pin serves as a watchdog to monitor the
output of the DC/DC module. If the module output fails to
come up, the LTC4261/LTC4261-2 shut down.
The TMR pin generates delays for initial start-up, auto-retry
following a fault, power good outputs and PGI check.
The logic circuits a re powered by an internally generated
5V supply (available on the INTVCC pin). Prior to turning
on the pass FET, both VIN and INTVCC voltages must exceed their undervoltage lockout thresholds. In addition,
the control inputs UVH, UVL, OV, EN, ON and PGI are
monitored by comparators. The FET is held off until all
start-up conditions are met.
A 10-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is included in the
LTC4261/LTC4261-2. The ADC measures SENSE resistor
voltage as well as voltage at the ADIN2/OV (SSOP/QFN) and
ADIN pins. The results are stored in on-board registers.
An I2C interface is provided to read the ADC data registers.
It also allows the host to poll the device and determine if a
fault has occurred. If the ALERT line is used as an interrupt,
the host can respond to a fault in real time. The SDA line
is divided into SDAI (input) and SDAO (output) to facilitate opto coupling with the system host. Two three-state
pins, ADR0 and ADR1, are used to decode eight device
addresses. The interface can also be configured through
the ADR0 and ADR1 pins for a single-wire broadcast
mode, sending ADC data and faults status through the
SDAO pin to the host without clocking the SCL line. This
single-wire, one-way communication simplifies system
design by eliminating two optocouplers on SCL and SDAI
that are required by an I2C interface.
42612fb
11
LTC4261/LTC4261-2
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
The LTC4261/LTC4261-2 are ideally suited for –48V
distributed power systems and AdvancedTCA systems.
A basic 200W application circuit using the LTC4261 is
shown in Figure 1. A more complete application circuit
with AdvancedTCA connections is shown in Figure 2.
Input Power Supply
Power for the LTC4261/LTC4261-2 is derived from the
–48V RTN through an external current limiting resistor
(RIN) to the VIN pin. An internal shunt regulator clamps
–48V RTN
RIN
4× 1k IN SERIES
1/4W EACH
R3
453k
1%
7
UV = 38.5V
UV RELEASE
AT 43V
8
9
10
11
19
20
26
2
25
24
R2
16.9k
1%
OV = 72.3V
OV RELEASE
AT 71V
CUV
100nF
CIN
1µF
13
CSS
220nF
R1
CVCC
11.8k
0.1µF
1%
21
VIN
INTVCC
UVL
FLTIN
UVH
PGI
ADIN2
SCL
OV
SDAI
SS
SDAO
LTC4261CGN
TMR
ALERT
EN
PGIO
ON
ADR1
PG
ADRO
ADIN
VEE
SENSE GATE DRAIN RAMP
14
CG 47nF
CTMR
47nF
15
16
RD
1M
RG
10Ω
R10
10k 1%
VEE
+
CL
330µF
100V
VIN+
MODULE2
VIN+
MODULE1
ON
VIN–
28 PWRGD2
27 PWRGD1
23
ON
VIN–
18
RF
1k
CR
10nF
100V
5%
CF
RS
33nF 0.008Ω
1%
–48V INPUT
22
1
6
5
4
3
VOUT
R11
402k 1%
Q1
IRF1310NS
42612 F01
Figure 1. –48V/200W Hot Swap Controller Using LTC4261 with Current,
Input Voltage and VDS Monitoring (5.6A Current Limit, 0.66A Inrush)
MBRM5100
10A
RTN A
A
MBRM5100
10A
R3
412k
1%
RTN B
R12
10k
ENABLE A
R13
10k
Q9
2N5401
R11
100k
RH
604Ω
1%
Q10
2N5401
ENABLE B
R10
100k
UV TURN OFF = 34.2V
UV RELEASE = 37.5V
OV TURN OFF = 74.8V
OV RELEASE = 73.2V
R14
100k
1N4148
×2
8
9
10
11
19
20
26
2
25
24
R2
19.1k
1%
R15
100k
CUV
100nF
UVL
UVH
ADIN2
OV
SS
TMR
EN
ON
ADR1
ADR0
VEE
7A
–48V A
R16
100k
HZS5C1
7A
CEN
1µF
R1
CTMR
10.5k
330nF
1%
–48V B
BACKPLANE
PLUG-IN
CARD
VEE
SENSE GATE DRAIN RAMP
13
CSS
330nF
LTC4354
LTC4261CGN
CG 47nF
CF
33nF
14
15
RG
10Ω
16
RD
1M
18
RF
1k
CR
10nF
100V
5%
RS
0.008Ω
5%
Q1
IRF1310NS
42612 F02a
B
Figure 2a. 200W AdvancedTCA Hot Swap Controller with Input/Output Monitoring
and Power Good Watchdog Using LTC4261 in I2C Mode (Part One)
42612fb
12
LTC4261/LTC4261-2
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Initial Start-Up and Inrush Control
the voltage at VIN to 11.2V (VZ) and provides power to the
GATE driver. The data converter and logic control circuits
are powered by an internal linear regulator that derives
5V from the 11.2V supply. The 5V output is available at
the INTVCC pin for driving external circuits (up to 20mA
load current).
Several conditions must be satisfied before the FET turn-on
sequence is started. First the voltage at VIN must exceed
its 9V undervoltage lockout level. Next the internal supply
INTVCC must cross its 4.25V undervoltage lockout level.
This generates a 100µs to 160µs power-on-reset pulse
during which the FAULT register bits are cleared and the
CONTROL register bits are set or cleared as described in
the register section. After the power-on-reset pulse, the
voltages at the UVH, UVL and OV pins must satisfy UVH
> 2.56V, UVL > 2.291V and OV < 1.77V to indicate that
the input power is within the acceptable range and the EN
pin must be pulled low. All the above conditions must be
satisfied throughout the duration of the start-up debounce
delay that is set by an external capacitor (CTMR) connected
to the TMR pin. CTMR is charged with a pull-up current of
10µA until the voltage at TMR reaches 2.56V. CTMR is then
quickly discharged with a 12mA current. The initial delay
expires when TMR is brought below 75mV. The duration
of the start-up delay is given by:
Bypass capacitors of 1µF and 0.1µF are recommended
at VIN and INTVCC, respectively. RIN should be chosen
to accommodate the maximum supply current requirement of the LTC4261/LTC4261-2 (5mA) plus the supply
current required by any external devices driven by the
VIN and INTVCC pins at the minimum intended operation
voltage.
RIN ≤
V48 V(MIN) – VZ(MAX )
IIN(MAX ) + IEXTERNAL
The maximum power dissipation in the resistor is:
PMAX
2
V48 V(MAX ) – VZ(MIN) )
(
=
RIN
tD = 256ms •
If the power dissipation is too high for a single resistor,
use multiple low power resistors in series.
CTMR
1µF
–48V RTN OUTPUT
A
CVCC
0.1µF
CIN
1µF
VEE
VEE
7
INTVCC
21
VIN
LTC4261CGN
22
FLTIN
1
PGI
6
SCL
5
SDAI
R18
100k
1%
Q11
2N5401
R6
100k
R8
7.5k
23
ADIN
R17
100k
1%
OUTPUT
SENSE
RIN
8 × 240Ω IN SERIES
1/4W EACH
R7A
10k
R7B
10k
R7
100k
R9
5.1k
R4
20k
R19
R20
2.49k
2.49k
1%
1%
VOUT
VEE
VIN+
VOUT+
VOUT–
LUCENT
JW050A1-E
ON/OFF
VIN– VOUT–
CASE
CASE
LUCENT
FLTR100V10
VIN–
SUPPLY
MONITOR
5V
VDD
MOC207
R21
1k
LTC2900
RST
Q8
VOUT
GND
VEE
5V
Q5
28
PGIO
27
PG
4
SDAO
3
ALERT
VIN+
VOUT+
Q12
2N5401
MOC207
Q3
VCC
ANODE
RL
CATHODE VOUT
GND
HCPL-0300
Q4
VCC
ANODE
CATHODE
GND
VO
Q6
R22
1k
VCC
ANODE
VO
CATHODE
GND
Q7
VO
PS9113
VEE
R23
1k
VCC
ANODE
CATHODE
GND
PS9113
R24
5.1k
+
VDD
SCL
SDA
MICROCONTROLLER
CL
4000µF
100V
0V TRANSIENT
RESEVOIR
CAPACITOR
ALERT RST
GND
6N139
VOUT
RL
343Ω
7 × 2.4k, 0805
EACH 28.7W
MBRM5100
42612 F02b
B
Figure 2b. 200W AdvancedTCA Hot Swap Controller with Input/Output Monitoring
and Power Good Watchdog Using LTC4261 in I2C Mode (Part Two)
42612fb
13
LTC4261/LTC4261-2
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
If any of the above conditions is violated before the start-up
delay expires, CTMR is quickly discharged and the turn-on
sequence is restarted. After all the conditions are validated
throughout the start-up delay, the ON pin is then checked.
If it is high, the FET will be turned on. Otherwise, the FET
will be turned on when the ON pin is raised high or the FET
ON bit D3 in the CONTROL register is set to “1” through
the I2C interface.
The FET turn-on sequence follows by charging an external
capacitor at the SS pin (CSS) with a 10µA pull-up current
and the voltage at SS (VSS) is converted to a current
(IGATE(UP)) of 11.5µA· VSS/2.56V for GATE pull-up. When
the GATE reaches the FET threshold voltage, the inrush
current starts to flow through the FET and a current
(IRAMP) of 20µA· VSS/2.56V flows out of the RAMP pin
and through an external capacitor (CR) connected between
RAMP and VOUT. The SS voltage is clamped to 2.56V, which
corresponds to IGATE(UP) = 11.5µA and IRAMP = 20µA. The
RAMP pin voltage is regulated at 1.1V and the ramp rate
of VOUT determines the inrush current:
IINRUSH = 20µA •
CL
CR
The ramp rate of VSS determines dI/dt of the inrush
current:
dIINRUSH
C
1µF
= 20µA • L •
dt
CR 256ms • CSS
If CSS is absent, an internal circuit pulls the SS pin from
0V to 2.56V in about 220µs.
When VOUT is ramped down to VEE, IGATE returns to
the GATE pin and pulls the GATE up to VGATEH. Figure 3
illustrates the start-up sequence of the LTC4261/
LTC4261-2.
During board insertion and input power step, an internal
clamp turns on to hold the RAMP pin low. Capacitor CF
and resistor RF suppress the noise at the RAMP pin. For
proper operation, RF • CR should not exceed 50µs. The
recommended value of CF is 3 • CR.
Power Good Monitors
When VDS of the pass transistor falls below 1.77V and
GATE pulls above VZ – 1.2V, an internal power good
signal is latched and a series of three delay cycles are
started as shown in Figure 3. When the first delay cycle
with a duration of 2tD expires, the PG pin pulls low as a
power good signal to turn on the first module. When the
second delay cycle (2tD) expires, the PGIO pin pulls low
as a power good signal to turn on the second module. The
third delay cycle with a duration of 4tD is for PGI check.
Before the third delay cycle expires, the PGI pin must be
pulled low by an external supply monitor (such as the
LTC2900 in Figure 2) to keep the FET on. Otherwise, the
FET is turned off and the power bad fault (PBAD) is logged
in the FAULT register. The 2tD timer delay is obtained by
charging CTMR with a 5µA current and discharging CTMR
with a 12mA current when TMR reaches 2.56V. For the
4tD timer delay, the charging and discharging currents of
CTMR are both 5µA. The power good signals at PG and
PGIO are reset in all FET turn-off conditions except the
overvoltage fault.
Turn-Off Sequence and Auto-Retry
In any of the following conditions, the FET is turned off
by pulling down GATE with a 110mA current, and CSS
and CTMR are discharged with 12mA currents.
1. The ON pin is low or the ON bit in the CONTROL register is set to 0.
2. The EN pin is high.
3. The voltage at UVL is lower than 2.291V and the voltage at UVH is lower than 2.56V (undervoltage fault).
4. The voltage at OV is higher than 1.77V (overvoltage
fault).
5. The voltage at VIN is lower than 9V (VIN undervoltage
lockout).
42612fb
14
LTC4261/LTC4261-2
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
RTN_VEE
UVH
PWRGD2
DELAY
PWRGD1
DELAY
START-UP DELAY
PGI CHECK
DELAY
TMR
2x
1x
2x
4x
SS
VZ – 1.2V
GATE
VOUT
1.77V
LOAD 1 + LOAD 2
50mV
SENSE
LOAD 1
INRUSH
LATCHED
INTERNAL
PWRGD
PWRGD1
READY
PG
PWRGD2
READY
PGIO
POWER BAD
PGI
NORMAL PGI
42612 F03
Figure 3. LTC4261 Turn-On Sequence
6. The voltage at INTVCC is lower than 4.25V (INTVCC
undervoltage lockout).
7. VSENSE > 50mV and the condition lasts longer than
530µs (overcurrent fault).
8. The PGI pin is high when the PGI check timer expires
(power bad fault).
For conditions 1, 2, 5, 6, after the condition is cleared,
the LTC4261/LTC4261-2 will automatically enter the FET
turn-on sequence as previously described.
For any of the fault conditions 3, 4, 7, 8, the FET off
mode is programmable by the corresponding auto-retry
bit in the CONTROL register. If the auto-retry bit is set
to 0, the FET is latched off upon the fault condition. If
the auto-retry bit is set to 1, after the fault condition is
cleared, a delay timer is started. After the timer expires,
the FET enters the auto-retry mode and GATE is pulled
up. The auto-retry delay following the undervoltage fault
or the power bad fault has a duration of tD. The autoretry delay following the overcurrent fault has a duration
of 4tD for extra cooling time. The auto-retry following the
overvoltage fault does not have a delay. The auto-retry
control bits and their defaults at power up are listed in
Table 6. Note that the LTC4261 defaults to latch-off while
the LTC4261-2 defaults to auto-retry following the overcurrent fault.
42612fb
15
LTC4261/LTC4261-2
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
EN and ON
Figure 4 shows a logic diagram for EN and ON as they
relate to GATE, ALERT and internal registers A4, A7, B4,
C4 and D3. Also affecting GATE is the status of UV, OV
and several other fault conditions. The EN and ON pins
have 0.8V to 2V logic thresholds relative to VEE with a
maximum input leakage current of ±2µA.
Register bit A4 indicates the present state of EN, and B4
is set high whenever EN changes state. Rising and falling
edges at the ON pin set and clear FET-on control bit, D3.
Another path allows a falling edge at EN to latch a high
state at the ON pin (such as when ON is permanently
pulled high) into D3 after a time delay. Both B4 and D3
can be set or cleared directly by I2C, and both are cleared
low whenever INTVCC drops below its UVLO threshold.
The condition of the GATE pin output is controlled by
register bit A7, which is the AND of A4, D3 and the absence of UV, OV and other faults.
Overcurrent Protection and Overcurrent Fault
The LTC4261/LTC4261-2 feature two levels of protection from short-circuit and overcurrent conditions. Load
current is monitored by the SENSE pin and resistor
RS. There are two distinct thresholds for the voltage at
SENSE: 50mV for engaging the active current limit loop
and starting a 530µs circuit breaker timer and 150mV for
a fast GATE pull-down to limit peak current in the event
of a catastrophic short circuit or an input step.
In an overcurrent condition, when the voltage drop across
RS exceeds 50mV, the current limit loop is engaged and
an internal 530µs circuit breaker timer is started. The
current limit loop servos the GATE to maintain a constant
output current of 50mV/RS. When the circuit breaker
timer expires, the FET is turned off by pulling GATE down
with a 110mA current, the capacitors at SS and TMR are
discharged and the power good signals are reset. At this
time, the overcurrent present bit A2 and the overcurrent
fault bit B2 are set, and the circuit breaker timer is reset.
After the FET is turned off, the overcurrent present bit
A2 is cleared. If the overcurrent auto-retry bit D2 has
been set, the FET will turn on again automatically after
a cooling time of 4tD. Otherwise, the FET will remain off
until the overcurrent fault bit B2 is reset. When the overcurrent fault bit is reset (see Resetting Faults), the FET
is allowed to turn on again after a delay of 4tD. The 4tD
cooling time associated with the overcurrent fault will not
be interrupted by any other fault condition. See Figure 5
for operation of LTC4261/LTC4261-2 under overcurrent
condition followed by auto-retry.
ABSENCE OF UV/OV AND OTHER FAULTS
A4
A7
GATE ON
INTVCC UVLO
CLR
EN
STATE-CHANGE
DETECTOR
S
Q
B4
ALERT*
S
R/W
Q
ALERT
CLR
C4
1 tD
TIMER
DELAY
I2C ALERT RESPONSE
READ ANY REGISTER
I2C
ON
*B4 • C4 IS ONE OF SEVEN CONDITIONS
THAT CAN GENERATE AN ALERT OUTPUT.
SEE TABLE 5
S R/W
EDGE
DETECTOR
Q
R
D3
42612 F04
CLR
INTVCC UVLO
Figure 4. Logic Block Diagram of EN and ON Pins
42612fb
16
LTC4261/LTC4261-2
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
TMR
PWRGD2
DELAY
PWRGD1
DELAY
OC COOLING DELAY
2x
4x
2x
SS
VZ – 1.2V
GATE
VOUT
1.77V
50mV
SENSE
530µs
INRUSH
PG
PGIO
42612 F05
Figure 5. Overcurrent Fault and Auto-Retry
In the case of a low impedance short circuit on the load
side or an input step during battery replacement, current overshoot is inevitable. A fast SENSE comparator
with a threshold of 150mV detects the overshoot and
immediately pulls GATE low with a 110mA current. Once
the SENSE voltage drops to 50mV, the current limit loop
takes over and servos the current as previously described. If the short-circuit condition lasts longer than
530µs, the FET is shut down and the overcurrent fault is
registered.
In the case of an input step, after an internal clamp pulls the
RAMP pin down to 1.1V, the inrush control circuit takes
over and the current limit loop is disengaged before the
circuit breaker timer expires. From this point on, the device
works as in the initial start-up: VOUT is ramped down at the
rate set by IRAMP and CR followed by GATE pull-up. The
power good signals on the PG and PGIO pins, the TMR
pin, and the SS pin are not interrupted through the input
step sequence. The waveform in Figure 6 shows how the
LTC4261/LTC4261-2 responds to an input step.
Note that the current limit threshold should be set
sufficiently high to accommodate the sum of the load
current and the inrush current to avoid engagement of
the current limit loop in the event of an input step. The
maximum value of the inrush current is given by:
IINRUSH ≤ 0.8 •
45mV
– ILOAD
RS
where the 0.8 factor is used as a worst case margin combined with the minumum threshold (45mV).
The active current limit circuit is compensated using the
capacitor CG with a series resistor RG (10Ω) connected
between GATE and VEE, as shown in Figure 1. The suggested value for CG is 50nF. This value should work for
most pass transistors (Q1).
Overvoltage Fault
An overvoltage fault occurs when the OV pin rises above
its 1.77V threshold. This shuts off the pass transistor
immediately, sets the overvoltage present bit A0 and
the overvoltage fault bit B0, and pulls the SS pin down.
Note that the power good signals are not affected by the
overvoltage fault. If the OV pin subsequently falls back
below the threshold, the pass transistor will be allowed
42612fb
17
LTC4261/LTC4261-2
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
72V
RTN – VEE
TMR
SS
36V
0V
2.56V
VGATEH
GATE
FET VTH
VOUT
50mV
SENSE
LOAD + INRUSH
LOAD
PG
PGIO
LOAD
0V
0V
42612 F06
Figure 6. –36V to –72V Step Response
to turn on again immediately (without delay) unless the
overvoltage auto-retry has been disabled by clearing register bit D0.
Undervoltage Comparator and Undervoltage Fault
The LTC4261/LTC4261-2 provide two undervoltage pins,
UVH and UVL, for adjustable UV threshold and hysteresis. The UVH and UVL pins have the following accurate
thresholds:
For UVH rising, VUVH(TH) = 2.56V, turn on
For UVL falling, VUVL(TH) = 2.291V, turn off
Both UVH and UVL pins have a minimum hysteresis of
δVUV (15mV typical). In either a rising or a falling input
supply, the undervoltage comparator works in such a way
that both the UVH and the UVL pins have to cross their
thresholds for the comparator output to change state.
The UVH, UVL, and OV threshold ratio is designed to
match the standard telecom operating range of 43V to
71V and UV hysteresis of 4.5V when UVH and UVL are
tied together as in Figure 1, where the built-in UV hysteresis referred to the UVL pin is:
ΔVUV(HYST) = VUVH(TH) – VUVL(TH) = 0.269V
Using R1 = 11.8k, R2 = 16.9k and R3 = 453k as in Figure 1
gives a typical operating range of 43.0V to 70.7V, with
an undervoltage shutdown threshold of 38.5V and an
overvoltage shutdown threshold of 72.3V.
The UV hysteresis can be adjusted by separating the
UVH and the UVL pins with a resistor RH (Figure 7). To
increase the UV hysteresis, the UVL tap should be placed
above the UVH tap as in Figure 7a. To reduce the UV hysteresis, place the UVL tap under the UVH tap as in Figure
7b. UV hysteresis referred to the UVL pin is given by:
for VUVL ≥ VUVH,
∆VUVL(HYST ) = ∆VUV(HYST ) + 2.56 V •
or for VUVL < VUVH,
RH
R1+ R2
RH
R1+ R2 + RH
For VUVL < VUVH, the minimum UV hysteresis allowed is
the minimum hysteresis at UVH and UVL: δVUV = 15mV
when RH(MAX) = 0.11 • (R1 + R2)
∆VUVL(HYST) = ∆VUV(HYST ) – 2.56 V •
The design of the LTC4261/LTC4261-2 protects the UV
comparator from chattering even when RH is larger than
RH(MAX).
An undervoltage fault occurs when the UVL pin falls below 2.291V and the UVH pin falls below 2.56V – δVUV.
This activates the FET turn-off and sets the undervoltage
42612fb
18
LTC4261/LTC4261-2
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
–48V RTN
Power Bad Fault
–48V RTN
R3
453k
1%
R3
453k
1%
UVL
RH
1.91k
1%
UVH
TURN-ON = 46V
TURN-OFF = 38.5V
HYSTERESIS = 7.5V
RH
1.91k
1%
UVH
R2
15k
1%
TURN-ON = 43V
TURN-OFF = 41.2V
HYSTERESIS = 1.8V
UVL
R2
15k
1%
0V
R1
11.8k
1%
0V
R1
11.8k
1%
–48V INPUT
–48V INPUT
(7a)
(7b)
42612 F07
Figure 7. Adjustment of Undervoltage Thresholds
for Larger (7a) or Smaller (7b) Hysteresis
present bit A1 and the undervoltage fault bit B1. The
power good signals at PG and PGIO are also reset.
The undervoltage present bit A1 is cleared when the
UVH pin rises above 2.56V and the UVL pin rises above
2.291V + δVUV. After a delay of tD, the FET will turn on
again unless the undervoltage auto-retry has been disabled by clearing bit D1.
When power is applied to the device, if UVL is below
the 2.291V threshold and UVH is below 2.56V – δVUV
after INTVCC crosses its undervoltage lock out threshold
(4.25V), an undervoltage fault will be logged in the fault
register.
Because of the compromises of selecting from a table of
discrete resistor values (1% resistors in 2% increments,
0.1% resistors in 1% increments), best possible OV and
UV accuracy is achieved using separate dividers for each
pin. This increases the total number of resistors from
three or four to as many as six, but maximizes accuracy,
greatly simplifies calculations and facilitates running
changes to accommodate multiple standards or customization without any board changes.
FET Short Fault
A FET short fault will be reported if the data converter measures a current sense voltage greater than or equal to 2mV
while the FET is turned off. This condition sets the FET
short present bit A5 and the FET short fault bit B5.
After the FET is turned on and the power good outputs
pull PG and PGIO low, a delay timer with duration of 4tD is
started and the level of the PGI pin is checked (Figure 3).
If the PGI pin is pulled below its 1.4V threshold before
the PGI check timer expires, the FET will remain on.
Otherwise, the FET is immediately turned off, the power
good signals are reset and the power bad present bit A3
and the power bad fault bit B3 are set. After the FET is
turned off, the power bad present bit A3 will be cleared.
If the PGI pin is subsequently pulled low, the FET will
remain off unless the power bad auto-retry has been enabled by setting bit D4 or the power bad fault bit B3 is
cleared. In either of those two conditions, the FET will
turn on again following a delay of tD and the PGI pin is
checked again as described above.
External Fault Monitors
The FLTIN pin (SSOP only) and the PGIO pin, when configured as general purpose input, allow monitoring of external fault conditions such as broken fuses. If FLTIN is
pulled below its 1.4V threshold, bit B7 in the FAULT register is set. An associated alert bit, C7, is also available
in the ALERT register. When the PGIO pin is configured
as general purpose input, if the voltage at PGIO is above
1.25V, both bit A6 in the STATUS register and bit B6 in
the FAULT register are set, though there is no alert bit associated with this fault. The external fault conditions do
not directly affect the GATE control functions.
Fault Alerts
When any of the fault bits in FAULT register B is set, an
optional bus alert can be generated by setting the appropriate bit in the ALERT register C. This allows only selected
faults to generate alerts. At power-up the default state is not
to alert on faults. If an alert is enabled, the corresponding
fault will cause the ALERT pin to pull low. After the bus
master controller broadcasts the alert response address,
the LTC4261/LTC4261-2 will respond with its address on
the SDA line and release ALERT as shown in Figure 14.
If there is a collision between two LTC4261’s responding
with their addresses simultaneously, then the device with
42612fb
19
LTC4261/LTC4261-2
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
the lower address wins arbitration and responds first. The
ALERT line will also be released if the device is addressed
by the bus master.
Once the ALERT signal has been released for one fault,
it will not be pulled low again until the FAULT register
indicates a different fault has occurred, or the original
fault is cleared and it occurs again. Note that this means
repeated or continuing faults will not generate alerts until
the associated FAULT register bit has been cleared.
Resetting Faults
Faults are reset with any of the following conditions.
First, writing zeros to the FAULT register B will clear the
associated fault bits. Second, the entire FAULT register is
cleared when either the ON pin or bit D3 goes from high
to low, or if INTVCC falls below its 4.25V undervoltage
lockout. Pulling the UVL pin below its 1.21V reset threshold also clears the entire FAULT register. When the UVL
pin is brought back above 1.21V but below 2.291V, the
undervoltage fault bit B1 is set if the UVH pin is below
2.56V. This can be avoided by holding the UVH pin above
2.56V while toggling the UVL pin to reset faults. Finally,
when EN is brought from high to low, all fault bits except
bit B4 are cleared. The bit B4 that indicates an EN change
of state will be set.
Fault bits with associated conditions that are still present (as indicated in the STATUS Register A) cannot be
cleared. The FAULT register will not be cleared when
auto-retrying. When auto-retry is disabled, the existence
of B0 (overvoltage), B1 (undervoltage), B2 (overcurrent)
or B3 (power bad) fault keeps the FET off. After the fault
bit is cleared and a delay of tD (for B0, B1 and B3) or 4tD
(for B4) expires, the FET will turn on again. Note that if
the overvoltage fault bit B0 is cleared by writing a zero
through I2C, the FET is allowed to turn on without a delay. If auto-retry is enabled, then a high value in A0, A1,
A2 or A3 will hold the FET off and the FAULT register is
ignored. Subsequently, when the A0, A1, A2 and A3 bits
are cleared, the FET is allowed to turn on again.
Turning the LTC4261/LTC4261-2 On and Off
Many methods of on/off control are possible using the
ON, EN, UV/OV, FLTIN or PGIO pins along with the I2C
port. The EN pin works well with logic inputs or floating switch contacts; I2C control is intended for systems
where the board operates only under command of a
central control processor and the ON pin is useful with
signals referenced to RTN, as are the UV (UVH, UVL) and
OV pins. PGIO and FLTIN control nothing directly, but are
useful for I2C monitoring of connection sense or other
important signals.
On/off control is possible with or without I2C intervention. Further, the LTC4261/LTC4261-2 may reside on
either the removable board or on the backplane. Even
when operating autonomously, the I2C port can still exercise control over the GATE output, although depending
on how they are connected, EN and ON could subsequently override conditions set by I2C. UV, OV and other
fault conditions seize control as needed to turn off the
GATE output, regardless of the state of EN, ON or the I2C
port. Figure 8 shows five configurations of on/off control
of the LTC4261/LTC4261-2.
Determining factors in selecting a pin configuration for
autonomous operation are the polarity and voltage of the
controlling signal.
Optical Isolation. Figure 8a shows an optoisolator driving the ON pin. Rising and falling edges at the ON pin
turn the GATE output on and off. If ON is already high
when power is applied, GATE is delayed one tD period.
The status of ON can be examined or overridden through
the I2C port at register bit D3. This circuit works in both
backplane and board resident applications.
Logic Control. Figure 8b shows an application using logic signal control. Again, the ON pin is used as an input;
all remarks made concerning optoisolator control apply
here as well.
42612fb
20
LTC4261/LTC4261-2
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Ejector Switch or Loop-Through Connection Sense.
Floating switch contacts or a connection sense loop also
work well with the ON pin, replacing the phototransistor
in Figure 8a. If an insertion debounce delay is desired,
use the EN pin as shown in Figure 8c. Like Figures 8a
and 8b, this circuit works on either side of the backplane
connector.
Data Converter
The LTC4261/LTC4261-2 incorporates a 10-bit analogto-digital converter (ADC) that continuously monitors
three different voltages at (in the sequence of) SENSE,
ADIN2/OV (SSOP/QFN) and ADIN. The voltage between
the SENSE pin and VEE is monitored with a 64mV full
scale and 62.5µV resolution, and the data is stored in
registers E and F. The ADIN and the ADIN2/OV pins are
monitored with a 2.56V full scale and 2.5mV resolution.
The data for the ADIN2/OV pin is stored in registers G
and H. The data for the ADIN pin is stored in registers I
and J.
Short Pin to RTN. Figure 8d uses the UV divider string to
detect board insertion. This method works equally well in
both backplane and board resident applications.
AdvancedTCA Style Control. Figure 2 shows an ATCA
application using EN as the interface to the LTC4261.
Register bit A4 allows the I2C port to monitor the status
of EN and by setting C4 high, bit B4 can generate an alert
to instantly report any changes in the state of EN.
The results in registers E, F, G, H, I and J are updated at
a frequency of 7.3Hz. Setting CONTROL register bit D5
invokes a test mode that halts updating of these registers
so that they can be written to and read from for software
testing. By invoking the test mode right before reading
the ADC data registers, the 10-bit data separated in two
registers are synchronized.
I2C Only Control. To lock out EN and ON, use the configuration shown in Figure 8e and control the GATE pin
with register bit D3. The circuit defaults off at power up.
To default on, connect the ON pin to INTVCC. Either FLTIN
or PGIO can be used as an input to monitor a connection
sense or other control signal. PGIO is configured as an
input by setting register bits D6 and D7 high; its input
state is stored at location B6. FLTIN is always an input
whose state is available from register bit B7. FLTIN generates an alert if C7 is set high.
The ADIN and ADIN2 pins can be used to monitor input
and output voltages of the Hot Swap controller as shown
in Figures 1 and 2.
LOOP OR
SWITCH
5V
1k
INTVCC
INTVCC
INTVCC
LTC4261
ON
47k
1M
100k
LTC4261
EN
ON
VEE
EN
EN
VEE
–48V
–48V
(8a) Optoisolator Control
(8b) Logic Control
(8c) Contact Debounce Delay Upon
Insertion for Use with an Ejector
Switch or Loop-Through Style
Connection Sense
–48V
RTN
INTVCC
UVL LTC4261 ON
28.7k
ON
VEE
10nF
–48V
453k
LTC4261
UVH
EN
VEE
–48V
INPUT
DEFAULT
ON
DEFAULT
OFF
–48V
(8d) Short Pin Connection Sense to RTN
INTVCC
ON
EN
SDAO
LTC4261 SDAI
SCL
VEE
I2 C
42612 F08
(8e) I2C-Only Control
Figure 8. On/Off Control of the LTC4261
42612fb
21
LTC4261/LTC4261-2
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Configuring the PGIO Pin
Table 6 describes the possible states of the PGIO pin using the CONTROL register bits D6 and D7. At power-up
the default state is for the PGIO pin to pull low when
the second power good signal is ready. Other uses for
the PGIO pin are to go high impedence when the second power good is ready, a general purpose output and a
general purpose input. When the PGIO pin is configured
as a general purpose output, the status of bit C6 is sent
out to the pin. When it is configured as a general purpose input, if the input voltage at PGIO is higher than
1.25V, both bit A6 in the STATUS register and bit B6 in
the FAULT register are set. If the input voltage at PGIO
subsequently drops below 1.25V, bit A6 is cleared. Bit
B6 can be cleared by resetting the FAULT register as described previously.
Design Example
As a design example, consider the 200W application with
CL = 330µF as shown in Figure 1. The operating voltage
range is from 43V to 71V with a UV turn-off threshold of
38.5V.
The design flow starts with calculating the maximum input current:
IMAX =
200 W
= 5.6 A
36 V
The selection of the sense resistor, RS, is determined by
the minimum current limit threshold and maximum input
current:
∆VSENSE(MIN)
IMAX
=
45mV
= 8mΩ
5.6 A
The inrush current is set to 0.66A using CR:
CR = CL •
IRAMP
IINRUSH
P2 t = ( 36 V • IMAX ) •
2
t
3
where t is the time it takes to charge up CL:
t=
CL • 36 V 330µF • 36 V
=
= 18ms
IINRUSH
0.66 A
which gives a P2t value of 244W2s.
Now the P2t given by the SOA (safe operating area)
curves of candidate FETs must be lower than 244W2s.
The SOA curves of the IRF1310NS provide for 5A at 50V
(250W) for 10ms, which gives a P2t value of 625W2s and
satisfies the requirement.
Sizing R1, R2 and R3 for the required UV and OV threshold voltages:
VUV(RISING) = 43V, VUV(FALLING) = 38.5V, (using
VUVH(TH) = 2.56V and VUVH(TH) = 2.291V)
VOV(RISING) = 72.3V, VOV(FALLING) = 70.7V (using
VOV(TH) = 1.77V rising and 1.7325V falling)
Layout Considerations
where 36V is the minimum input voltage.
RS =
The FET is selected to handle the maximum power dissipation during start-up or an input step. The latter usually
results in a larger power due to summation of the inrush
current charging CL and the load current. For a 36V input
step, the total P2t in the FET is approximated by:
= 330µF •
20µA
= 10nF
0.66 A
To achieve accurate current sensing, a Kelvin connection
is recommended. The minimum trace width for 1oz copper foil is 0.02" per amp to make sure the trace stays at a
reasonable temperature. Using 0.03" per amp or wider is
recommended. Note that 1oz copper exhibits a sheet resistance of about 530µΩ/square. Small resistances add
up quickly in high current applications. To improve noise
immunity, put the resistive divider to the UV and OV pins
close to the chip and keep traces to VIN and VEE short.
A 0.1µF capacitor from the UVH or UVL pin (and OV pin
through resistor R2) to VEE helps reject supply noise.
The value of RF and CF are chosen to 1k and 33nF as
discussed previously.
42612fb
22
LTC4261/LTC4261-2
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
I2C Interface
The LTC4261/LTC4261-2 feature an I2C interface to provide access to the ADC data registers and four other registers for monitoring and control of the pass FET. Figure 9
shows a general data transfer format using the I2C. The
LTC4261/LTC4261-2 are read-write slave devices and
support SMBus bus Read Byte, Write Byte, Read Word and
Write Word commands. The second word in a Read Word
command will be identical to the first word. The second
word in a Write Word command is ignored. The data formats for these commands are shown in Figures 10 to 13.
line is used as an interrupt for the host to respond to a
fault in real time, connect the ALERT to an optoisolator in
a way similar to that for the SDAO as shown in Figure 2.
START and STOP Conditions
When the bus is idle, both SCL and SDA must be high. A
bus master signals the beginning of a transmission with
a START condition by transiting SDA from high to low
while SCL is high. When the master has finished communicating with the slave, it issues a STOP condition by
transiting SDA from low to high while SCL is high. The
bus is then free for another transmission.
Using Optoisolators with SDA
The LTC4261/LTC4261-2 split the SDA line into SDAI (input) and SDAO (output) for convenience of opto-coupling
with the host. If optoisolators are not used then tie SDAI
and SDAO together to form a normal SDA line. When using optoisolators, connect the SDAI to the output of the
incoming optoisolator and connect the SDAO to the input
of the outgoing optoisolator (see Figure 2). If the ALERT
SDA
a6 - a0
SCL
1-7
Stuck-Bus Reset
The LTC4261/LTC4261-2 I2C interface features a stuckbus reset timer. The low conditions of the SCL and the
SDAI pins are ORed to start the timer. The timer is reset
when both SCL and SDAI are pulled high. If the SCL pin
or the SDAI pin is held low for over 66ms, the stuck-bus
timer will expire and the internal I2C state machine will be
b7 - b0
8
9
1-7
b7 - b0
8
9
1-7
8
9
P
S
START
CONDITION
ADDRESS
R/W
ACK
DATA
ACK
DATA
ACK
STOP
CONDITION
42612 F09
Figure 9. Data Transfer over I2C or SMBus
S
ADDRESS W A
COMMAND
0 0 1 a3:a0 0 0
X X X X b3:b0
FROM MASTER TO SLAVE
A DATA A P
S
0 b7:b0 0
COMMAND
A DATA A
DATA
X X X X b3:b0
0 b7:b0 0
XXXXXXXX
A P
0
42612 F11
A: ACKNOWLEDGE (LOW)
A: NOT ACKNOWLEDGE (HIGH)
R: READ BIT (HIGH)
W: WRITE BIT (LOW)
S: START CONDITION
P: STOP CONDITION
FROM SLAVE TO MASTER
ADDRESS W A
0 0 1 a3:a0 0 0
Figure 11. LTC4261 Serial Bus SDA Write Word Protocol
S
42612 F10
ADDRESS W A
COMMAND
0 0 1 a3:a0 0 0
X X X X b3:b0
A S
ADDRESS
0
0 0 1 a3:a0 1 0 b7:b0 1
R A DATA A P
42612 F12
Figure 10. LTC4261 Serial Bus SDA Write Byte Protocol
S
ADDRESS W A
COMMAND
0 0 1 a3:a0 0 0
X X X X b3:b0
Figure 12. LTC4261 Serial Bus SDA Read Byte Protocol
R A DATA A DATA A P
A S
ADDRESS
0
0 0 1 a3:a0 1 0 b7:b0 0 b7:b0 1
42612 F13
Figure 13. LTC4261 Serial Bus SDA Read Word Protocol
42612fb
23
LTC4261/LTC4261-2
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
reset to allow normal communication after the stuck-low
condition is cleared. When the SCL pin and the SDAI pin
are held low alternatively, if the ORed low period of SCL
and SDAI exceeds 66ms before the timer reset condition (both SCL and SDAI are high) occurs, the stuck-bus
timer will expire and the I2C state machine is reset.
I2C Device Addressing
Any of eight distinct I2C bus addresses are selectable using the three-state pins ADR0 and ADR1, as shown in
Table 1. Note that the configuration of ADR0 = L and ADR1
= H is used to enable the single-wire broadcasting mode.
For the eight I2C bus addresses, address bits B6, B5 and
B4 are configured to (001) and the least significant bit B0
is the R/W bit. In addition, the LTC4261/LTC4261-2 will
respond to two special addresses. Address (0011 111)
is a mass write used to write to all LTC4261/LTC4261-2s,
regardless of their individual address settings. Address
(0001 100) is the SMBus Alert Response Address. If the
LTC4261/LTC4261-2 are pulling low on the ALERT pin,
it will acknowledge this address using the SMBus Alert
Response Protocol.
Acknowledge
The acknowledge signal is used for handshaking between
the transmitter and the receiver to indicate that the last
byte of data was received. The transmitter always releases the SDA line during the acknowledge clock pulse.
When the slave is the receiver, it must pull down the SDA
line so that it remains LOW during this pulse to acknowledge receipt of the data. If the slave fails to acknowledge by leaving SDA HIGH, then the master can abort
the transmission by generating a STOP condition. When
the master is receiving data from the slave, the master
must pull down the SDA line during the clock pulse to
indicate receipt of the data. After the last byte has been
received the master will leave the SDA line HIGH (not
acknowledge) and issue a STOP condition to terminate
the transmission.
Write Protocol
The master begins communication with a START condition followed by the seven bit slave address and the
R/W bit set to zero. The addressed LTC4261/LTC4261-2
acknowledge this and then the master sends a command
byte which indicates which internal register the master
wishes to write. The LTC4261/LTC4261-2 acknowledge
this and then latch the lower four bits of the command
byte into its internal Register Address pointer. The master
then delivers the data byte and the LTC4261/LTC4261-2
acknowledge once more and latch the data into its internal register. The transmission is ended when the master
sends a STOP condition. If the master continues sending
a second data byte, as in a Write Word command, the
second data byte will be acknowledged by the LTC4261/
LTC4261-2 but ignored.
Read Protocol
The master begins a read operation with a START condition followed by the seven bit slave address and the
R/W bit set to zero. The addressed LTC4261/LTC4261-2
acknowledge this and then the master sends a command
byte that indicates which internal register the master
wishes to read. The LTC4261/LTC4261-2 acknowledge
this and then latch the lower four bits of the command
byte into its internal Register Address pointer. The master then sends a repeated START condition followed by
the same seven bit address with the R/W bit now set to
one. The LTC4261/LTC4261-2 acknowledge and send the
contents of the requested register. The transmission is
ended when the master sends a STOP condition. If the
master acknowledges the transmitted data byte, as in a
Read Word command, the LTC4261/LTC4261-2 will repeat the requested register as the second data byte. Note
that the Register Address pointer is not cleared at the
end of the transaction. Thus the Receive Byte protocol
can be used to repeatedly read a specific register.
Alert Response Protocol
The LTC4261/LTC4261-2 implement the SMBus Alert
Response Protocol as shown in Figure 14. If enabled
to do so through the ALERT register C, the LTC4261/
LTC4261-2 will respond to faults by pulling the ALERT
pin low. Multiple LTC4261/LTC4261-2s can share a common ALERT line and the protocol allows a master to determine which LTC4261/LTC4261-2s are pulling the line
low. The master begins by sending a START bit followed
by the special Alert Response Address (0001 100)b with
42612fb
24
LTC4261/LTC4261-2
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
this means repeated or continuing faults will not generate alerts until the associated FAULT register bit has been
cleared.
ALERT
DEVICE
S RESPONSE R A
A P
ADDRESS
ADDRESS
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 a3:a0 0 1
42612 F14
Figure 14. LTC4261 Serial Bus SDA Alert Response Protocol
Single-Wire Broadcast Mode
The LTC4261/LTC4261-2 provides a single-wire broadcast
mode in which selected register data are sent out to the
SDAO pin without clocking the SCL line (Figure 15). The
single-wire broadcast mode is enabled by setting the
ADR1 pin high and the ADR0 pin low (the I2C interface is
disabled). At the end of each conversion of the three ADC
channels, a stream of eighteen bits are broadcasted to
SDAO with a serial data rate of 15.3kHz ±20% in a format
as illustrated in Figure 16. The data bits are encoded with
an internal clock in a way similar to Manchester encoding
that can be easily decoded by a microcontroller or FPGA.
Each data bit consists of a noninverting phase and an
inverting phase. During the conversion of each ADC channel, SDAO is idle at high. At the end of the conversion, the
SDAO pulls low. The START bit indicates the beginning of
data broadcasting and is used along with the dummy bit
the R/W bit set to one. Any LTC4261/LTC4261-2 that is
pulling its ALERT pin low will acknowledge and begin
sending back its individual slave address.
An arbitration scheme ensures that the LTC4261/
LTC4261-2 with the lowest address will have priority;
all others will abort their response. The successful responder will then release its ALERT pin while any others
will continue to hold their ALERT pins low. Polling may
also be used to search for any LTC4261/LTC4261-2 that
have detected faults. Any LTC4261/LTC4261-2 pulling its
ALERT pin low will also release it if it is individually addressed during a read or write transaction.
The ALERT signal will not be pulled low again until the
FAULT register indicates a different fault has occurred or
the original fault is cleared and it occurs again. Note that
–48V RTN
6 × 0.51k IN SERIES
1/4W EACH
5V
7.5k
INTVCC
VIN
SDAI
ADR1
SCL
ADR0 LTC4261
1µF
0.1µF
VCC
ANODE
VEE
V
DIN DD
MICROCONTROLLER
RL
CATHODE VOUT
GND
SDAO
–48V INPUT
HCPL-0300
42612 F15
Figure 15. Single-Wire Broadcast Mode
INTERNAL
CLK
PRTY
OV
PRTY
PRTY
UV
OV
OV
0C
UV
UV
OC
0C
ADC0
.. .. .. ADC0
ADC0
ADC9
CH0
ADC9
ADC9
SDAO
CH0
CH0
CH1
CH1
START DMY
CH1
DATA
4261 F16
START
Figure 16. Single-Wire Broadcast Data Format
42612fb
25
LTC4261/LTC4261-2
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
(DMY) to measure the internal clock cycle (i.e., the serial
data rate). Following the DMY bit are two channel code bits
CH1 and CH0 labeling the ADC channel (see Table 10). Ten
data bits of the ADC channel (ADC9-0) and three FAULT
register bits (B2, B1 and B0) are then sent out. A parity bit
(PRTY) ends each data stream. After that the SDAO line
enters the idle mode with SDAO pulled high.
7. Wait 3/4 of a clock cycle.
The following data reception procedure is recommended:
The above procedure can be ported to a microcontroller
or used to design a state machine in FPGA. Code should
have timeouts in case an edge is missed. Abort the read
if it takes more than double the typical time (1.2ms) for
all 18 bits to be clocked out.
0. Wait for INTVCC rising edge.
1. Wait for SDAO falling edge.
2. The first falling edge could be a glitch, so check again
after a delay of 10µs. If back to high, wait again. If still
low, it is the START bit.
3. Use the following low-to-high and high-to-low transistions to measure 1/2 of the internal clock cycle.
4. Wait for the second low-to-high transistion (middle of
DMY bit).
5. Wait 3/4 of a clock cycle.
8. Sample bit CH0, wait for transistion.
9. Wait 3/4 of a clock cycle.
10. Sample ADC9, wait for transistion.
11. Continue until all bits are read.
A typical application circuit with the LTC4261/LTC4261-2
in the broadcast mode is illustrated in Figure 17, where
input voltage, VDS of the FET and VSENSE are monitored.
Register Addresses and Contents
The register addresses and contents are summerized in
Table 1 and Table 2. The function of each register bit is
detailed in Tables 3 to 9.
6. Sample bit CH1, wait for transistion.
42612fb
26
LTC4261/LTC4261-2
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Table 1. LTC4261 Device Addressing
DESCRIPTION
HEX DEVICE
ADDRESS
LTC4261
ADDRESS PINS
BINARY DEVICE ADDRESS
h
6
5
4
3
2
Mass Write
3E
0
0
1
1
1
Alert Response
19
0
0
0
1
1
0
20
0
0
1
0
0
1
22
0
0
1
0
0
2
24
0
0
1
0
0
3
26
0
0
1
0
0
4
28
0
0
1
0
1
5
2A
0
0
1
0
1
6
2C
0
0
1
0
1
7
2E
0
0
1
0
1
8
Single-Wire Broadcast Mode
H = Tie to INVCC; L = Tie to VEE; NC = No connect, open; X = Don’t care
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
R/W
0
1
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
ADR1
X
X
L
L
H
L
NC
NC
H
NC
H
ADR0
X
X
L
NC
NC
H
L
NC
H
H
L
Table 2. LTC4261 Register Address and Contents
REGISTER
ADDRESS*
REGISTER
NAME
READ/WRITE
DESCRIPTION
00h
STATUS (A)
R
System Status Information
01h
FAULT (B)
R/W
Fault Log and PGIO Input
02h
ALERT (C)
R/W
Controls Whether the ALERT Pin is Pulled Low After a Fault is Logged in the Fault Register
03h
CONTROL (D)
R/W
Controls Whether the Part Retries After Faults, Set the On/Off Switch State
04h
SENSE (E)
R/W**
ADC Current Sense Voltage Data (8 MSBs)
05h
SENSE (F)
R/W**
ADC Current Sense Voltage Data (2 LSBs)
06h
ADIN2/OV (G)
R/W**
ADC ADIN2/OV (SSOP/QFN) Voltage Data (8 MSBs)
07h
ADIN2/OV (H)
R/W**
ADC ADIN2/OV (SSOP/QFN) Voltage Data (2 LSBs)
08h
ADIN (I)
R/W**
ADC ADIN Voltage Data (8 MSBs)
09h
ADIN (J)
R/W**
ADC ADIN Voltage Data (2 LSBs)
*Register address MSBs b7-b4 are ignored. **Writable if bit D5 set.
42612fb
27
LTC4261/LTC4261-2
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Table 3. STATUS Register A (00h)—Read Only
BIT
NAME
OPERATION
A7
FET On
Indicates State of FET; 1 = FET On, 0 = FET Off
A6
PGIO Input
Indicates State of the PGIO Pin when Configured to General Purpose Input: 1 = PGIO High, 0 = PGIO Low
A5
FET Short
Indicates Potential FET Short if Current Sense Voltage Exceeds 2mV While FET is Off; 1 = FET is Shorted, 0 = FET is Not Shorted
A4
EN
Indicates State of the EN Pin; 1 = EN Pin High, 0 = EN Pin Low
A3
Power Bad
Indicates Power is Bad when PGI is High at the End of the PGI Check Timer; 1 = PGI High, 0 = PGI Low
A2
Overcurrent
Indicates Overcurrent Condition; 1 = Overcurrent, 0 = Not Overcurrent
A1
Undervoltage
Indicates Input Undervoltage when Both UVH and UVL are Low; 1 = UVH and UVL Low, 0 = UVH or UVL High
A0
Overvoltage
Indicates Input Overvoltage when OV is High; 1 = OV High, 0 = OV Low
Table 4. FAULT Register B (01h)—Read/Write
BIT
NAME
OPERATION
B7
External Fault
Occurred
PGIO Input
High Occurred
FET Short Fault
Occurred
EN Changed
State
Power Bad
Fault Occurred
Overcurrent
Fault Occurred
Undervoltage
Fault Occurred
Overvoltage
Fault Occurred
Latched to 1 if FLTIN Goes Low; 1 = FLTIN Low State Detected, 0 = FLTIN has Not Been Low
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
Latched to 1 if the PGIO Pin Goes High when Configured to General Purpose Input; 1 = PGIO High Detected,
0 = PGIO has Been Low
Indicates Potential FET Short was Detected When Measured Current Sense Voltage Exceeded 2mV While FET was Off;
1 = FET Short Fault Occurred, 0 = No FET Short Fault
Indicates That a Board was Inserted or Extracted when EN Changed State; 1 = EN Changed State, 0 = EN Unchanged
Indicates Power was Bad when PGI was High at the End of the PGI Check Timer; 1 = Power Bad Fault Occurred,
0 = No Power Bad Fault
Indicates Overcurrent Fault Occurred; 1 = Overcurrent Fault Occurred, 0 = No Overcurrent Fault
Indicates Input Undervoltage Fault Occurred when Both UVH and UVL went Low; 1 = Undervoltage Fault Occurred,
0 = No Undervoltage Fault
Indicates Input Overvoltage Fault Occurred when OV was High; 1 = Overvoltage Fault Occurred, 0 = No Overvoltage Fault
Table 5. ALERT Register C (02h)—Read/Write
BIT
NAME
OPERATION
C7
Enables Alert for External Fault When FLTIN was Low; 1 = Enable Alert, 0 = Disable Alert (Default)
C6
External Fault
Alert
PGIO Output
C5
FET Short Alert
Enables Alert for FET Short Fault; 1 = Enable Alert, 0 = Disable Alert (Default)
C4
EN State
Change Alert
Power Bad
Alert
Overcurrent
Alert
Undervoltage
Alert
Overvoltage
Alert
Enables Alert when EN Changed State; 1 = Enable Alert, 0 Disable Alert (Default)
C3
C2
C1
C0
Output Data Bit to PGIO Pin when Configured as Output. Defaults to 0
Enables Alert for Power Bad Fault; 1 = Enable Alert, 0 Disable Alert (Default)
Enables Alert for Overcurrent Fault; 1 = Enable Alert, 0 Disable Alert (Default)
Enables Alert for Undervoltage Fault; 1 = Enable Alert, 0 Disable Alert (Default)
Enables Alert for Overvoltage Fault; 1 = Enable Alert, 0 Disable Alert (Default)
42612fb
28
LTC4261/LTC4261-2
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Table 6. CONTROL Register D (03h)—Read/Write
BIT
NAME
OPERATION
D7:6
PGIO Configure
Configures Behavior of PGIO Pin
FUNCTION
D6
D7
PGIO PIN
Power Good (Default)
0
0
Open Drain
Power Good
0
1
Open Drain
General Purpose Output
1
0
PGIO = C6
General Purpose Input
1
1
PGIO = Hi-Z
D5
Test Mode Enable
Test Mode Halts ADC Operation and Enables Writes to ADC Registers; 1 = Enable Test Mode, 0 = Disable Test Mode (Default)
D4
Power Bad
Auto-Retry
FET On Control
Enables Auto-Retry After a Power Bad Fault; 1 = Retry Enabled, 0 = Retry Disabled (Default)
Overcurrent
Auto-Retry
Undervoltage
Auto-Retry
Overvoltage
Auto-Retry
Enables Auto-Retry After an Overcurrent Fault; 1 = Retry Enabled (Default, LTC4261-2),
0 = Retry Disabled (Default, LTC4261)
Enables Auto-Retry After an Undervoltage Fault; 1 = Retry Enabled (Default), 0 = Retry Disabled
D3
D2
D1
D0
Turns FET On and Off; 1 = Turn FET On, 0 = Turn FET Off. Defaults to ON Pin State at End of Start-Up Debounce Delay
Enables Auto-Retry After an Overvoltage Fault; 1 = Retry Enabled (Default), 0 = Retry Disabled
Table 7. SENSE Registers E (04h) and F (O5h)—Read/Write
BIT
NAME
OPERATION
E7:0, F7:6
SENSE Voltage Data
10-Bit Data of Current Sense Voltage with 62.5µV LSB and 64mV Full Scale
F5:0
Reserved
Always Returns 0, Not Writable
Table 8. ADIN2/OV Registers G (06h) and H (O7h)—Read/Write
BIT
NAME
OPERATION
G7:0, H7:6
ADIN2/OV Voltage Data 10-Bit Data of ADIN2/OV (SSOP/QFN) Voltage with 2.5mV LSB and 2.56V Full Scale
H5:0
Reserved
Always Returns 0, Not Writable
Table 9. ADIN Registers I (08h) and J (O9h)—Read/Write
BIT
NAME
OPERATION
I7:0, J7:6
ADIN Voltage Data
10-Bit Data of ADIN Voltage with 2.5mV LSB and 2.56V Full Scale
J5:0
Reserved
Always Returns 0, Not Writable
Table 10. ADC Channel Labeling for Single-Wire Broadcast Mode
CH1
CH0
ADC CHANNEL
0
0
SENSE Voltage
0
1
ADIN2/OV (SSOP/QFN) Voltage
1
0
ADIN Voltage
42612fb
29
LTC4261/LTC4261-2
PACKAGE DESCRIPTION
GN Package
28-Lead Plastic SSOP (Narrow .150 Inch)
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1641)
.386 – .393*
(9.804 – 9.982)
.045 ±.005
28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 1615
.254 MIN
.033
(0.838)
REF
.150 – .165
.229 – .244
(5.817 – 6.198)
.0165 ± .0015
.150 – .157**
(3.810 – 3.988)
.0250 BSC
1
RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT
.015 ± .004
× 45°
(0.38 ± 0.10)
.0075 – .0098
(0.19 – 0.25)
2 3
4
5 6
7
8
.0532 – .0688
(1.35 – 1.75)
9 10 11 12 13 14
.004 – .0098
(0.102 – 0.249)
0° – 8° TYP
.016 – .050
(0.406 – 1.270)
NOTE:
1. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCHES
INCHES
2. DIMENSIONS ARE IN
(MILLIMETERS)
.008 – .012
(0.203 – 0.305)
TYP
.0250
(0.635)
BSC
GN28 (SSOP) 0204
3. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE
*DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH
SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.006" (0.152mm) PER SIDE
**DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH. INTERLEAD
FLASH SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.010" (0.254mm) PER SIDE
42612fb
30
LTC4261/LTC4261-2
PACKAGE DESCRIPTION
UFD Package
24-Lead Plastic QFN (4mm × 5mm)
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1696 Rev A)
0.70 ±0.05
4.50 ± 0.05
3.10 ± 0.05
2.00 REF
2.65 ± 0.05
3.65 ± 0.05
PACKAGE OUTLINE
0.25 ±0.05
0.50 BSC
3.00 REF
4.10 ± 0.05
5.50 ± 0.05
RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD PITCH AND DIMENSIONS
APPLY SOLDER MASK TO AREAS THAT ARE NOT SOLDERED
4.00 ± 0.10
(2 SIDES)
R = 0.05 TYP
2.00 REF
R = 0.115
TYP
23
0.75 ± 0.05
PIN 1 NOTCH
R = 0.20 OR C = 0.35
24
0.40 ± 0.10
PIN 1
TOP MARK
(NOTE 6)
1
2
5.00 ± 0.10
(2 SIDES)
3.00 REF
3.65 ± 0.10
2.65 ± 0.10
(UFD24) QFN 0506 REV A
0.25 ± 0.05
0.200 REF
0.50 BSC
0.00 – 0.05
BOTTOM VIEW—EXPOSED PAD
NOTE:
1. DRAWING PROPOSED TO BE MADE A JEDEC PACKAGE OUTLINE MO-220 VARIATION (WXXX-X).
2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE
3. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS
4. DIMENSIONS OF EXPOSED PAD ON BOTTOM OF PACKAGE DO NOT INCLUDE
MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH, IF PRESENT, SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.15mm ON ANY SIDE
5. EXPOSED PAD SHALL BE SOLDER PLATED
6. SHADED AREA IS ONLY A REFERENCE FOR PIN 1 LOCATION
ON THE TOP AND BOTTOM OF PACKAGE
42612fb
Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.
31
LTC4261/LTC4261-2
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
–48V RTN
RIN
6 ´ 0.51k IN SERIES
1/4W EACH
R3
432k
1%
R2
15.8k
1%
R1
11.5k
1%
INTVCC
UVL
UVH
ADIN2
OV
ADR1
ADR0
CIN
1mF
VIN
R4
7.5k
SDAI
SCL
VCC
ANODE
LTC4261CGN
SDAO
ADIN
VEE
SENSE GATE
CL
330mF
100V
VOUT
Q1
IRF1310NS
R6
10k 1%
V
DIN DD
MICROCONTROLLER
HCPL-0300
–48V INPUT
VEE
RL
CATHODE VOUT
GND
RS
0.02W
5%
CVCC
0.1mF
5V
R7
402k 1%
4261 F17
Figure 17. Application Circuit of the LTC4261 in Single-Wire Broadcast Mode
–48V RTN
VISHAY
2381 615 4.104
6 × 0.51k IN SERIES
1/4W EACH
100k AT 25°C
1%
•
VIN
LTC4261CGN
30.1k
1%
SDAO
SDAI
SCL
ADIN
10k
1%
1µF
I2C
VEE
–48V INPUT
42612 F18
T (°C) = 38.05 × (VADIN (V) – 0.1458), 20°C < T < 60°C
Figure 18. Using the LTC4261 and a Thermistor to Monitor Temperature
RELATED PARTS
PART NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
COMMENTS
LT1640AH/LT1640AL
Negative High Voltage Hot Swap Controllers in SO-8
Negative High Voltage Supplies from –10V to –80V
LTC1921
Dual –48V Supply and Fuse Monitor
UV/OV Monitor, –10V to –80V Operation, MSOP Package
LT4250L/LT4250H
–48V Hot Swap Controllers in SO-8
Active Current Limiting, Supplies from –20V to –80V
LTC4251/LTC4251-1
–48V Hot Swap Controllers in SOT-23
Fast Active Current Limiting, Supplies from –15V
LTC4252-1/LTC4252-2
–48V Hot Swap Controllers in MS8
LTC4252A-1/LTC4252A-2
Fast Active Current Limiting, Supplies from –15V,
±1% UV/OV (LTC4252A)
LTC4253
–48V Hot Swap Controller with Sequencer
Fast Current Limiting with Three Sequenced Power Good Outputs,
Supplies from –15V
LTC4260
Positive High Voltage Hot Swap Controller
With I2C and ADC, Supplies from 8.5V to 80V
LTC4354
Negative Voltage Diode-OR Controller and Monitor
Controls Two N-Channel MOSFETs, 1µs Turn-Off, 80V Operation
42612fb
32 Linear Technology Corporation
LT 0706 REV B • PRINTED IN USA
1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417
(408) 432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507
●
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