TI1 LM2907M Lm2907/lm2917 frequency to voltage converter Datasheet

LM2907,LM2917
LM2907/LM2917 Frequency to Voltage Converter
Literature Number: SNAS555B
LM2907/LM2917
Frequency to Voltage Converter
General Description
The LM2907, LM2917 series are monolithic frequency to voltage converters with a high gain op amp/comparator designed
to operate a relay, lamp, or other load when the input frequency reaches or exceeds a selected rate. The tachometer
uses a charge pump technique and offers frequency doubling
for low ripple, full input protection in two versions (LM2907-8,
LM2917-8) and its output swings to ground for a zero frequency input.
The op amp/comparator is fully compatible with the tachometer and has a floating transistor as its output. This feature
allows either a ground or supply referred load of up to 50 mA.
The collector may be taken above VCC up to a maximum
VCE of 28V.
The two basic configurations offered include an 8-pin device
with a ground referenced tachometer input and an internal
connection between the tachometer output and the op amp
non-inverting input. This version is well suited for single speed
or frequency switching or fully buffered frequency to voltage
conversion applications.
The more versatile configurations provide differential
tachometer input and uncommitted op amp inputs. With this
version the tachometer input may be floated and the op amp
becomes suitable for active filter conditioning of the tachometer output.
Both of these configurations are available with an active shunt
regulator connected across the power leads. The regulator
clamps the supply such that stable frequency to voltage and
frequency to current operations are possible with any supply
voltage and a suitable resistor.
Advantages
■ Output swings to ground for zero frequency input
■ Easy to use; VOUT = fIN × VCC × R1 × C1
■ Only one RC network provides frequency doubling
■ Zener regulator on chip allows accurate and stable
frequency to voltage or current conversion (LM2917)
Features
■ Ground referenced tachometer input interfaces directly
with variable reluctance magnetic pickups
■ Op amp/comparator has floating transistor output
■ 50 mA sink or source to operate relays, solenoids, meters,
or LEDs
■ Frequency doubling for low ripple
■ Tachometer has built-in hysteresis with either differential
input or ground referenced input
■ Built-in zener on LM2917
■ ±0.3% linearity typical
■ Ground referenced tachometer is fully protected from
damage due to swings above VCC and below ground
Applications
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
Over/under speed sensing
Frequency to voltage conversion (tachometer)
Speedometers
Breaker point dwell meters
Hand-held tachometer
Speed governors
Cruise control
Automotive door lock control
Clutch control
Horn control
Touch or sound switches
Connection Diagrams
Dual-In-Line and Small Outline Packages, Top Views
794201
Order Number LM2907M-8 or LM2907N-8
See NS Package Number M08A or N08E
© 2008 National Semiconductor Corporation
7942
794202
Order Number LM2917M-8 or LM2917N-8
See NS Package Number M08A or N08E
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LM2907/LM2917 Frequency to Voltage Converter
December 9, 2008
LM2907/LM2917
794203
794204
Order Number LM2907M or LM2907N
See NS Package Number M14A or N14A
Order Number LM2917M or LM2917N
See NS Package Number M14A or N14A
Ordering Information
Order
Number
Package
Type
Package
Number
Package
Marking
Supplied
As
LM2907M-8
8-Pin SOIC Narrow
M08A
LM2907M-8
Rail of 95
LM2907MX-8
8-Pin SOIC Narrow
M08A
LM2907M-8
Reel of 2500
LM2907M
14-Pin SOIC Narrow
M14A
LM2907M
Rail of 55
LM2907MX
14-Pin SOIC Narrow
M14A
LM2907M
Reel of 2500
LM2907N-8
8-Pin Molded DIP
N08E
LM2907N-8
Rail of 40
LM2907N
14-Pin Molded DIP
N14A
LM2907N
Rail of 25
LM2917M-8
8-Pin SOIC Narrow
M08A
LM2917M-8
Rail of 95
LM2917MX-8
8-Pin SOIC Narrow
M08A
LM2917M-8
Reel of 2500
LM2917M
14-Pin SOIC Narrow
M14A
LM2917M
Rail of 55
LM2917MX
14-Pin SOIC Narrow
M14A
LM2917M
Reel of 2500
LM2917N-8
8-Pin Molded DIP
N08E
LM2917N-8
Rail of 40
LM2917N
14-Pin Molded DIP
N14A
LM2917N
Rail of 25
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2
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
Supply Voltage
Supply Current (Zener Options)
Collector Voltage
Differential Input Voltage
Tachometer
Op Amp/Comparator
Input Voltage Range
Tachometer
LM2907-8, LM2917-8
LM2907, LM2917
28V
25 mA
28V
28V
28V
±28V
0.0V to +28V
0.0V to +28V
1200 mW
1580 mW
−40°C to +85°C
−65°C to +150°C
260°C
215°C
220°C
Electrical Characteristics
VCC = 12 VDC, TA = 25°C, see test circuit
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
±10
±25
±40
mV
TACHOMETER
Input Thresholds
VIN = 250 mVp-p @ 1 kHz (Note 2)
Hysteresis
VIN = 250 mVp-p @ 1 kHz (Note 2)
Offset Voltage
VIN = 250 mVp-p @ 1 kHz (Note 2)
30
LM2907/LM2917
LM2907-8/LM2917-8
mV
3.5
5
10
15
mV
mV
1
μA
Input Bias Current
VIN = ±50 mVDC
0.1
VOH
Pin 2
VIN = +125 mVDC (Note 3)
8.3
V
VOL
Pin 2
VIN = −125 mVDC (Note 3)
2.3
V
I2, I3
Output Current
V2 = V3 = 6.0V (Note 4)
I3
Leakage Current
I2 = 0, V3 = 0
K
Gain Constant
(Note 3)
0.9
1.0
1.1
Linearity
fIN = 1 kHz, 5 kHz, 10 kHz (Note 5)
−1.0
0.3
+1.0
%
140
180
240
μA
0.1
μA
OP/AMP COMPARATOR
VOS
VIN = 6.0V
3
10
mV
IBIAS
VIN = 6.0V
50
500
nA
Input Common-Mode Voltage
0
Voltage Gain
40
VCC−1.5V
V
200
V/mV
50
mA
Output Sink Current
VC = 1.0
Output Source Current
VE = VCC −2.0
10
Saturation Voltage
ISINK = 5 mA
0.1
ISINK = 20 mA
ISINK = 50 mA
1.0
RDROP = 470Ω
7.56
mA
0.5
V
1.0
V
1.5
V
ZENER REGULATOR
Regulator Voltage
Series Resistance
10.5
Temperature Stability
+1
Total Supply Current
3.8
V
15
Ω
mV/°C
6
mA
Note 1: For operation in ambient temperatures above 25°C, the device must be derated based on a 150°C maximum junction temperature and a thermal resistance
of 101°C/W junction to ambient for LM2907-8 and LM2917-8, and 79°C/W junction to ambient for LM2907-14 and LM2917-14.
Note 2: Hysteresis is the sum +VTH − (−VTH), offset voltage is their difference. See test circuit.
Note 3: VOH is equal to ¾ × VCC − 1 VBE, VOL is equal to ¼ × VCC − 1 VBE therefore VOH − VOL = VCC/2. The difference, VOH − VOL, and the mirror gain, I2/I3, are
the two factors that cause the tachometer gain constant to vary from 1.0.
Note 4: Be sure when choosing the time constant R1 × C1 that R1 is such that the maximum anticipated output voltage at pin 3 can be reached with I3 × R1. The
maximum value for R1 is limited by the output resistance of pin 3 which is greater than 10 MΩ typically.
3
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LM2907/LM2917
Op Amp/Comparator
Power Dissipation
LM2907-8, LM2917-8
LM2907-14, LM2917-14
See (Note 1)
Operating Temperature Range
Storage Temperature Range
Soldering Information
Dual-In-Line Package
Soldering (10 seconds)
Small Outline Package
Vapor Phase (60 seconds)
Infrared (15 seconds)
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
LM2907/LM2917
Note 5: Nonlinearity is defined as the deviation of VOUT (@ pin 3) for fIN = 5 kHz from a straight line defined by the VOUT @ 1 kHz and VOUT @ 10 kHz. C1 =
1000 pF, R1 = 68k and C2 = 0.22 mFd.
Test Circuit and Waveform
794206
Tachometer Input Threshold Measurement
794207
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LM2907/LM2917
Typical Performance Characteristics
Tachometer Linearity
vs Temperature
Tachometer Linearity
vs Temperature
794247
794246
Total Supply Current
Zener Voltage vs
Temperature
794240
794241
Normalized Tachometer Output (K)
vs Temperature
Normalized Tachometer Output (K)
vs Temperature
794243
794242
5
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LM2907/LM2917
Tachometer Currents I2and I3
vs Supply Voltage
Tachometer Currents I2and I3
vs Temperature
794244
794245
Tachometer Linearity vs R1
Tachometer Input Hysteresis
vs Temperature
794248
794249
Op Amp Output Transistor
Characteristics
Op Amp Output Transistor
Characteristics
794251
794250
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The LM2907 series of tachometer circuits is designed for
minimum external part count applications and maximum versatility. In order to fully exploit its features and advantages
let's examine its theory of operation. The first stage of operation is a differential amplifier driving a positive feedback flipflop circuit. The input threshold voltage is the amount of
differential input voltage at which the output of this stage
changes state. Two options (LM2907-8, LM2917-8) have one
input internally grounded so that an input signal must swing
above and below ground and exceed the input thresholds to
produce an output. This is offered specifically for magnetic
variable reluctance pickups which typically provide a singleended ac output. This single input is also fully protected
against voltage swings to ±28V, which are easily attained with
these types of pickups.
The differential input options (LM2907, LM2917) give the user
the option of setting his own input switching level and still have
the hysteresis around that level for excellent noise rejection
in any application. Of course in order to allow the inputs to
attain common-mode voltages above ground, input protection
is removed and neither input should be taken outside the limits of the supply voltage being used. It is very important that
an input not go below ground without some resistance in its
lead to limit the current that will then flow in the epi-substrate
diode.
Following the input stage is the charge pump where the input
frequency is converted to a dc voltage. To do this requires
one timing capacitor, one output resistor, and an integrating
or filter capacitor. When the input stage changes state (due
to a suitable zero crossing or differential voltage on the input)
the timing capacitor is either charged or discharged linearly
between two voltages whose difference is VCC/2. Then in one
half cycle of the input frequency or a time equal to 1/2 fIN the
change in charge on the timing capacitor is equal to VCC/2 ×
C1. The average amount of current pumped into or out of the
capacitor then is:
CHOOSING R1 AND C1
There are some limitations on the choice of R1 and C1 which
should be considered for optimum performance. The timing
capacitor also provides internal compensation for the charge
pump and should be kept larger than 500 pF for very accurate
operation. Smaller values can cause an error current on R1,
especially at low temperatures. Several considerations must
be met when choosing R1. The output current at pin 3 is internally fixed and therefore VO/R1 must be less than or equal
to this value. If R1 is too large, it can become a significant
fraction of the output impedance at pin 3 which degrades linearity. Also output ripple voltage must be considered and the
size of C2 is affected by R1. An expression that describes the
ripple content on pin 3 for a single R1C2 combination is:
It appears R1 can be chosen independent of ripple, however
response time, or the time it takes VOUT to stabilize at a new
voltage increases as the size of C2 increases, so a compromise between ripple, response time, and linearity must be
chosen carefully.
As a final consideration, the maximum attainable input frequency is determined by VCC, C1 and I2:
USING ZENER REGULATED OPTIONS (LM2917)
For those applications where an output voltage or current
must be obtained independent of supply voltage variations,
the LM2917 is offered. The most important consideration in
choosing a dropping resistor from the unregulated supply to
the device is that the tachometer and op amp circuitry alone
require about 3 mA at the voltage level provided by the zener.
At low supply voltages there must be some current flowing in
the resistor above the 3 mA circuit current to operate the regulator. As an example, if the raw supply varies from 9V to 16V,
a resistance of 470Ω will minimize the zener voltage variation
to 160 mV. If the resistance goes under 400Ω or over 600Ω
the zener variation quickly rises above 200 mV for the same
input variation.
The output circuit mirrors this current very accurately into the
load resistor R1, connected to ground, such that if the pulses
of current are integrated with a filter capacitor, then VO = ic ×
R1, and the total conversion equation becomes:
VO = VCC × fIN × C1 × R1 × K
Where K is the gain constant—typically 1.0.
7
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LM2907/LM2917
The size of C2 is dependent only on the amount of ripple voltage allowable and the required response time.
Applications Information
LM2907/LM2917
Typical Applications
Minimum Component Tachometer
794208
”Speed Switch”, Load is Energized when fIN ≥ (1 / ( 2RC))
794209
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8
LM2907/LM2917
Zener Regulated Frequency to Voltage Converter
794210
Breaker Point Dwell Meter
794211
9
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LM2907/LM2917
Voltage Driven Meter Indicating Engine RPM
VO = 6V @ 400 Hz or 6000 ERPM (8 Cylinder Engine)
794212
Current Driven Meter Indicating Engine RPM
IO = 10 mA @ 300 Hz or 6000 ERPM (6 Cylinder Engine)
794213
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LM2907/LM2917
Capacitance Meter
VOUT = 1V–10V for CX = 0.01 to 0.1 mFd
(R = 111k)
794214
Two-Wire Remote Speed Switch
794215
11
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LM2907/LM2917
100 Cycle Delay Switch
794216
Variable Reluctance Magnetic Pickup Buffer Circuits
794239
794217
Precision two-shot output frequency
equals twice input frequency.
Pulse height = VZENER
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LM2907/LM2917
Finger Touch or Contact Switch
794219
794218
Flashing LED Indicates Overspeed
794220
Flashing begins when fIN ≥ 100 Hz.
Flash rate increases with input frequency
increase beyond trip point.
13
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LM2907/LM2917
Frequency to Voltage Converter with 2 Pole Butterworth Filter to Reduce Ripple
794221
Overspeed Latch
794223
794222
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14
LM2907/LM2917
Some Frequency Switch Applications May Require Hysteresis in the
Comparator Function Which can be Implemented in Several Ways
794224
794225
794226
794227
794228
15
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LM2907/LM2917
Changing the Output Voltage for an Input Frequency of Zero
794230
794229
Changing Tachometer Gain Curve or Clamping the Minimum Output Voltage
794232
794231
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16
LM2907/LM2917
Anti-Skid Circuit Functions
“Select-Low” Circuit
794234
VOUT is proportional to the lower
of the two input wheel speeds.
794233
“Select-High” Circuit
794236
VOUT is proportional to the higher
of the two input wheel speeds.
794235
“Select-Average” Circuit
794237
17
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*This connection made on LM2907-8 and LM2917-8 only.
**This connection made on LM2917 and LM2917-8 only.
794238
LM2907/LM2917
Equivalent Schematic Diagram
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18
LM2907/LM2917
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
8-Lead (0.150″ Wide) Molded Small Outline Package, JEDEC
Order Number LM2907M-8 or LM2917M-8
NS Package Number M08A
19
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LM2907/LM2917
Molded SO Package (M)
Order Number LM2907M or LM2917M
NS Package Number M14A
Molded Dual-In-Line Package (N)
Order Number LM2907N-8 or LM2917N-8
NS Package Number N08E
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20
LM2907/LM2917
Molded Dual-In-Line Package (N)
Order Number LM2907N or LM2917N
NS Package Number N14A
21
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LM2907/LM2917 Frequency to Voltage Converter
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