ON AX8052F143-2 Soc ultra-low power rf-microcontroller Datasheet

AX8052F143
SoC Ultra-Low Power
RF-Microcontroller for RF
Carrier Frequencies in the
Range 27 - 1050 MHz
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OVERVIEW
Features
SoC Ultra−low Power Advanced Narrow−band
RF−microcontroller for Wireless Communication
Applications
• QFN40 Package
• Supply Range 1.8 V − 3.6 V
• −40°C to 85°C
• Ultra−low Power Consumption:
♦ CPU Active Mode 150 mA/MHz
• Sleep Mode with 256 Byte RAM Retention and
Wake−up Timer running 900 nA
♦ Sleep Mode 4 kByte RAM Retention and Wake−up
Timer running 1.5 mA
♦ Sleep Mode 8 kByte RAM Retention and Wake−up
Timer running 2.2 mA
♦ Radio RX−mode
6.5 mA @ 169 MHz
9.5 mA @ 868 MHz and 433 MHz
♦ Radio TX−mode at 868 MHz
7.5 mA @ 0 dBm
16 mA @ 10 dBm
48 mA @ 16 dBm
• This is a Pb−Free Device
1 40
QFN40 7x5, 0.5P
CASE 485EG
ORDERING INFORMATION
See detailed ordering and shipping information in Table 35 of
this data sheet.
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AX8052
• Ultra−low Power MCU Core Compatible with Industry
•
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Standard 8052 Instruction Set
Down to 500 nA Wake−up Current
Single Cycle/Instruction for many Instructions
64 kByte In−system Programmable FLASH
Code Protection Lock
8.25 kByte SRAM
3−wire (1 dedicated, 2 shared) In−circuit Debug
Interface
Three 16−bit Timers with SD Output Capability
Two 16−bit Wakeup Timers
Two Input Captures
Two Output Compares with PWM Capability
10−bit 500 ksample/s Analog−to−Digital Converter
Temperature Sensor
© Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2015
August, 2017 − Rev. 4
Two Analog Comparators
Two UARTs
One General Purpose Master/Slave SPI
Two Channel DMA Controller
Multi−megabit/s AES Encryption/Decryption Engine,
supports AES−128, AES−192 and AES−256 with True
Random Number Generator (TRNG)
NOTE: The AES Engine and the TRNG require
Software Enabling and Support.
Ultra−low Power 10 kHz/640 Hz Wakeup Oscillator,
with Automatic Calibration against a Precise Clock
Internal 20 MHz RC Oscillator, with Automatic
Calibration against a Precise Clock for Flexible System
Clocking
Low Frequency Tuning Fork Crystal Oscillator for
Accurate Low Power Time Keeping
Brown−out and Power−on−Reset Detection
High Performance Narrow−band RF Transceiver
compatible to AX5043 (FSK/MSK/4−FSK/GFSK/GMSK/
ASK/AFSK/FM/PSK)
• Receiver
♦ Carrier Frequencies from 27 to 1050 MHz
♦ Data Rates from 0.1 kbps to 125 kbps
♦ Optional Forward Error Correction (FEC)
♦ Sensitivity without FEC
−135 dBm @ 0.1 kbps, 868 MHz, FSK
−126 dBm @ 1 kbps, 868 MHz, FSK
−117 dBm @ 10 kbps, 868 MHz, FSK
−107 dBm @ 100 kbps, 868 MHz, FSK
−105 dBm @ 125 kbps, 868 MHz, FSK
1
Publication Order Number:
AX8052F143/D
AX8052F143
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
• Flexible Antenna Interface
−138 dBm @ 0.1 kbps, 868 MHz, PSK
−130 dBm @ 1 kbps, 868 MHz, PSK
−120 dBm @ 10 kbps, 868 MHz, PSK
−109 dBm @ 100 kbps, 868 MHz, PSK
−108 dBm @ 125 kbps, 868 MHz, PSK
Sensitivity with FEC
−137 dBm @ 0.1 kbps, 868 MHz, FSK
−122 dBm @ 5 kbps, 868 MHz, FSK
−111 dBm @ 50 kbps, 868 MHz, FSK
High Selectivity Receiver with up to 47 dB Adjacent
Channel Rejection
0 dBm Maximum Input Power
±10% Data−rate Error Tolerance
Support for Antenna Diversity with External
Antenna Switch
Short Preamble Modes allow the Receiver to work
with as little as 16 Preamble Bits
Fast State Switching Times
200 ms TX → RX Switching Time
62 ms RX → TX Switching Time
♦
♦
• Wakeup−on−Radio
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
Carrier Frequencies from 27 to 1050 MHz
Data−rates from 0.1 kbps to 125 kbps
High Efficiency, High Linearity Integrated Power
Amplifier
Maximum Output Power
16 dBm @ 868 MHz
16 dBm @ 433 MHz
16 dBm @ 169 MHz
Power Level programmable in 0.5 dB Steps
GFSK Shaping with BT=0.3 or BT=0.5
Unrestricted Power Ramp Shaping
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
Antenna Diversity and RX/TX Switch Control
Fully Automatic Packet Reception and Transmission
without Micro−controller Intervention
Supports HDLC, Raw, Wireless M−Bus Frames and
Arbitrary Defined Frames
Automatic Channel Noise Level Tracking
ms Resolution Timestamps for Exact Timing (eg. for
Frequency Hopping Systems)
256 Byte Micro−programmable FIFO, optionally
supports Packet Sizes > 256 Bytes
Three Matching Units for Preamble Byte,
Sync−word and Address
Ability to store RSSI, Frequency Offset and
Data−rate Offset with the Packet Data
Multiple Receiver Parameter Sets allow the use of
more aggressive Receiver Parameters during
Preamble, dramatically shortening the Required
Preamble Length at no Sensitivity Degradation
• Advanced Crystal Oscillator (RF Reference Oscillator)
♦
• RF Frequency Generation
♦
640 Hz or 10 kHz Lowest Power Wake−up Timer
Wake−up Time Interval programmable between
98 ms and 102 s
• Sophisticated Radio Controller
• Transmitter
♦
Integrated RX/TX Switching with Differential
Antenna Pins
Mode with Differential RX Pins and Single−ended
TX Pin for Usage with External PAs and for
Maximum PA Efficiency at Low Output Power
♦
Configurable for Usage in 27 MHz −1050 MHz
Bands
RF Carrier Frequency and FSK Deviation
Programmable in 1 Hz Steps
Ultra Fast Settling RF Frequency Synthesizer for
Low−power Consumption
Fully Integrated RF Frequency Synthesizer with
VCO Auto−ranging and Band−width Boost Modes
for Fast Locking
Configurable for either Fully Integrated VCO,
Internal VCO with External Inductor or Fully
External VCO
Configurable for either Fully Integrated or External
Synthesizer Loop Filter for a Large Range of
Bandwidths
Channel Hopping up to 2000 hops/s
Automatic Frequency Control (AFC)
♦
Fast Start−up and Lowest Power Steady−state XTAL
Oscillator for a Wide Range of Crystals
Integrated Tuning Capacitors
Possibility of Applying an External Clock Reference
(TCXO)
Applications
27 − 1050 MHz Licensed and Unlicensed Radio Systems
• Internet of Things
• Automatic meter reading (AMR)
• Security applications
• Building automation
• Wireless networks
• Messaging Paging
• Compatible with: Wireless M−Bus, POCSAG, FLEX,
KNX, Sigfox, Z−Wave, enocean
• Regulatory Regimes: EN 300 220 V2.3.1 including the
Narrow−band 12.5 kHz, 20 kHz and 25 kHz
Definitions; EN 300 422; FCC Part 15.247; FCC Part
15.249; FCC Part 90 6.25 kHz, 12.5 kHz and 25 kHz
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2
AX8052F143
BLOCK DIAGRAM
AX8052F143
AGC
PA
diff
Modulator
FIFO/packet buffer
RSSI
Radio controller
timing and packet
handling
ANTP
ANTN
Demodulator
Framing
Digital IF
Channel
Filter
ADC
Forward error
correction
IF Filter and
AGC PGAs
LNA
Encoder
Mixer
Radio configuration
PA
se
ANTP1
L1
L2
FILT
RF Frequency
Generation
Subsystem
Communication Controller &
Radio Interface Controller
POR, references
low power
oscillator
640 Hz/ 10 kHz
FOUT
Wake on Radio
Crystal
Oscillator
typ. 16MHz
Voltage
Regulator
GPIO
DMA
Controller
Timer
Counter 0
8k
RAM
VDD_IO
Divider
IRQ Req
VDD_ANA
FLASH
64k
Axsem
8052
Timer
Counter 2
DBG_EN
Debug
Interface
Output
Compare0
RESET_N
GND
VDD_IO
System
Controller
SYSCLK
wakeup
oscillator
tuning fork
crystal
oscillator
Input
Capture 0
AES
Crypto Engine
Input
Capture 1
ADC
Comparators
Temp Sensor
UART 0
SPI
master/slave
SFR-Bus
P-Bus
X-Bus
UART 1
I/O Multiplexer
Figure 1. Functional Block Diagram of the AX8052F143
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3
PB0
PB1
PB2
PB3
PB4
PB5
PB6
PB7
Output
Compare 1
wakeup
timer 2x
Reset, Clocks, Power
RC Oscillator
PA0
PA1
PA2
PA3
PA4
PA5
Timer
Counter 1
256
I-Bus
CLK16N
DMA Req
F XTAL
CLK16P
PC0
PC1
PC2
PC3
PC4
AX8052F143
Table 1. PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
Pin(s)
Type
VDD_ANA
Symbol
1
P
Analog power output, decouple to neighboring GND
GND
2
P
Ground, decouple to neighboring VDD_ANA
ANTP
3
A
Differential antenna input/output
ANTN
4
A
Differential antenna input/output
ANTP1
5
A
Single−ended antenna output
GND
6
P
Ground, decouple to neighboring VDD_ANA
VDD_ANA
7
P
Analog power output, decouple to neighboring GND
GND
8
P
Ground
FILT
9
A
Optional synthesizer filter
L2
10
A
Optional synthesizer inductor
L1
11
A
Optional synthesizer inductor
SYSCLK
12
I/O/PU
System clock output
PC4
13
I/O/PU
General purpose IO
PC3
14
I/O/PU
General purpose IO
PC2
15
I/O/PU
General purpose IO
PC1
16
I/O/PU
General purpose IO
PC0
17
I/O/PU
General purpose IO
PB0
18
I/O/PU
General purpose IO
PB1
19
I/O/PU
General purpose IO
PB2
20
I/O/PU
General purpose IO
PB3
21
I/O/PU
General purpose IO
PB4
22
I/O/PU
General purpose IO
PB5
23
I/O/PU
General purpose IO
PB6
24
I/O/PU
General purpose IO, DBG_DATA
PB7
25
I/O/PU
General purpose IO, DBG_CLK
DBG_EN
26
I/PD
In−circuit debugger enable
RESET_N
27
I/PU
Optional reset pin. If this pin is not used it must be connected to VDD_IO
GND
28
P
Ground
VDD_IO
29
P
Unregulated power supply
PA0
30
I/O/A/PU
General purpose IO
PA1
31
I/O/A/PU
General purpose IO
PA2
32
I/O/A/PU
General purpose IO
PA3
33
I/O/A/PU
General purpose IO
PA4
34
I/O/A/PU
General purpose IO
PA5
35
I/O/A/PU
General purpose IO
VDD_IO
36
P
Unregulated power supply
TST2
37
A
Must be connected to GND
TST1
38
A
Must be connected to GND
CLK16N
39
A
Crystal oscillator input/output (RF reference oscillator)
CLK16P
40
A
Crystal oscillator input/output (RF reference oscillator)
Center pad
P
Ground on center pad of QFN, must be connected
GND
Description
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AX8052F143
All digital inputs are Schmitt trigger inputs, digital input
and output levels are LVCMOS/LVTTL compatible. Port A
Pins (PA0 − PA7) must not be driven above VDD_IO, all
other digital inputs are 5 V tolerant. Pull−ups are
programmable for all GPIO pins.
A = analog input
I = digital input signal
O = digital output signal
PU = pull−up
I/O = digital input/output signal
N = not to be connected
P = power or ground
PD = pull−down
Alternate Pin Functions
GPIO Pins are shared with dedicated Input/Output signals
of on−chip peripherals. The following table lists the
available functions on each GPIO pin.
Table 2. ALTERNATE PIN FUNCTIONS
GPIO
Alternate Functions
PA0
T0OUT
IC1
ADC0
PA1
PA2
T0CLK
OC1
ADC1
OC0
U1RX
ADC2
COMPI00
PA3
T1OUT
ADC3
LPXTALP
PA4
T1CLK
COMPO0
ADC4
LPXTALN
PA5
IC0
U1TX
ADC5
COMPI10
PB0
U1TX
IC1
EXTIRQ0
PB1
U1RX
OC1
PB2
IC0
T2OUT
PB3
OC0
T2CLK
PB4
U0TX
T1CLK
PB5
U0RX
T1OUT
PB6
DBG_DATA
PWRAMP
EXTIRQ1
PB7
DBG_CLK
PC0
SSEL
T0OUT
EXTIRQ0
PC1
SSCK
T0CLK
COMPO1
PC2
SMOSI
U0TX
PC3
SMISO
U0RX
COMPO0
PC4
COMPO1
ADCTRIG
EXTIRQ1
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DSWAKE
ANTSEL
28
GND
GND
2
27
RESET_N
ANTP
3
26
DBG_EN
ANTN
4
25
PB7/DBG_CLK
ANTP1
5
24
PB6/DBG_DATA
GND
6
23
PB5/U0RX/T1OUT
7
22
PB4/U0TX/T1CLK
8
21
PB3/OC0/T2CLK/EXTIRQ1/DSWAKE/
ANTSEL
6
U0TX/SMOSI/PC2
16
17
18
EXTIRQ0/IC1/U1TX/PB0
15
EXTIRQ0/T0OUT/SSEL/PC0
14
COMPO1/T0CLK/SSCK/PC1
13
COMPO0/U0RX/SMISO/PC3
12
EXTIRQ1/ADCTRIG/COMPO1/PC4
11
SYSCLK
10
L1
9
L2
1
GND
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19
PWRAMP/T2OUT/IC0/PB2
VDD_ANA
OC1/U1RX/PB1
VDD_ANA
FILT
CLK16P
CLK16N
TST1
TST2
VDD_IO
PA5/ADC5/IC0/U1TX/COMPI10
PA4/ADC4/T1CLK/COMPO0/LPXTALN
PA3/ADC3/T1OUT/LPXTALP
PA2/ADC2/OC0/U1RX/COMPI00
PA1/ADC1/T0CLK/OC1
PA0/ADC0/T0OUT/IC1
VDD_IO
AX8052F143
PINOUT DRAWING
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
AX8052F143
QFN40
20
Figure 2. Pinout Drawing (Top View)
AX8052F143
SPECIFICATIONS
Table 3. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Symbol
Description
Condition
VDD_IO
Supply voltage
IDD
Supply current
Ptot
Total power consumption
Pi
Absolute maximum input power at receiver input
II1
DC current into any pin except ANTP, ANTN, ANTP1
II2
DC current into pins ANTP, ANTN, ANTP1
IO
Output Current
Via
Input voltage ANTP, ANTN, ANTP1 pins
Input voltage digital pins
Min
Max
Units
−0.5
5.5
V
200
mA
800
mW
10
dBm
−10
10
mA
−100
100
mA
40
mA
−0.5
5.5
V
−0.5
5.5
V
−2000
2000
V
ANTP and ANTN
pins in RX mode
Ves
Electrostatic handling
HBM
Tamb
Operating temperature
−40
85
°C
Tstg
Storage temperature
−65
150
°C
Tj
Junction Temperature
150
°C
Stresses exceeding those listed in the Maximum Ratings table may damage the device. If any of these limits are exceeded, device functionality
should not be assumed, damage may occur and reliability may be affected.
1. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
DC Characteristics
Table 4. SUPPLIES
Sym
Description
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Units
−40
27
85
°C
1.8
3.0
3.6
TAMB
Operational ambient temperature
VDDIO
I/O and voltage regulator supply voltage
VDDIO_R1
I/O voltage ramp for reset activation;
starting with AX8052F143−3 this limitation
to the VDD_IO ramp for reset activation is
no longer necessary. (Note 1)
Ramp starts at VDD_IO ≤ 0.1 V
0.1
V/ms
VDDIO_R2
I/O voltage ramp for reset activation;
starting with AX8052F143−3 this limitation
to the VDD_IO ramp for reset activation is
no longer necessary. (Note 1)
Ramp starts at 0.1 V < VDD_IO < 0.7 V
3.3
V/ms
VBOUT
Brown−out threshold
Note 2
IDS
Deep Sleep current
ISL256P
Sleep current, 256 Bytes RAM retained
ISL256
V
1.3
V
100
nA
Wakeup from dedicated pin
500
nA
Sleep current, 256 Bytes RAM retained
Wakeup Timer running at 640 Hz
900
nA
ISL4K
Sleep current, 4.25 kBytes RAM retained
Wakeup Timer running at 640 Hz
1.5
mA
ISL8K
Sleep current, 8.25 kBytes RAM retained
Wakeup Timer running at 640 Hz
2.2
mA
IRX
Current consumption RX
RF frequency generation subsystem:
Internal VCO and internal loop−fiter
868 MHz, datarate 6 kbps
9.5
mA
169 MHz, datarate 6 kbps
6.5
868 MHz, datarate 100 kbps
11
169 MHz, datarate 100 kbps
7.5
1. If VDD_IO ramps cannot be guaranteed, an external reset circuit is recommended for AX8052F143−1 and AX8052F143−2, see the
AX8052 Application Note: Power On Reset
2. Digital circuitry is functional down to typically 1 V.
3. Measured with optimized matching networks.
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AX8052F143
Table 4. SUPPLIES
Sym
Description
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Units
ITX−DIFF
Current consumption TX
differential
868 MHz, 16 dBm, FSK, Note 3
RF frequency generation subsystem:
Internal VCO and internal loop−filter
Antenna configuration:
Differential PA, internal RX/TX switch
48
mA
IRX−SE
Current consumption TX
single ended
868 MHz, 0 dBm, FSK, Note 3
RF frequency generation subsystem:
Internal VCO and internal loop−filter
Antenna configuration:
Single ended PA, external RX/TX
switching
7.5
mA
IMCU
Microcontroller running power consumption
All peripherals disabled
150
mA/
MHz
IVSUP
Voltage supervisor
Run and standby mode
85
mA
ILPXTAL
Crystal oscillator current
(RF reference oscillator)
16 MHz
160
mA
ILFXTAL
Low frequency crystal oscillator current
32 kHz
700
nA
IRCOSC
Internal oscillator current
20 MHz
210
mA
ILPOSC
Internal Low Power Oscillator current
10 kHz
650
nA
640 Hz
210
nA
1.1
mA
6
mA
IADC
ADC current
311 kSample/s, DMA 5 MHz
IWOR
Typical wake−on−radio duty cycle current
1s, 100 kbps
1. If VDD_IO ramps cannot be guaranteed, an external reset circuit is recommended for AX8052F143−1 and AX8052F143−2, see the
AX8052 Application Note: Power On Reset
2. Digital circuitry is functional down to typically 1 V.
3. Measured with optimized matching networks.
For information on current consumption in complex
modes of operation tailored to your application, see the
software AX−RadioLab.
inductor at 169 MHz. The following table shows calculated
current consumptions versus output power for Ploss = 1 dB,
PAefficiency = 0.5, Ioffset= 6 mA at 868 MHz and Ioffset=
3.5 mA at 169 MHz.
Note on current consumption in TX mode
To achieve best output power the matching network has to
be optimized for the desired output power and frequency. As
a rule of thumb a good matching network produces about
50% efficiency with the AX8052F143 power amplifier
although over 90% are theoretically possible. A typical
matching network has between 1 dB and 2 dB loss (Ploss).
The theoretical efficiencies are the same for the single ended
PA (ANTP1) and differential PA (ANTP and ANTN)
therefore only one current value is shown in the table below.
We recommend to use the single ended PA for low output
power and the differential PA for high power. The
differential PA is internally multiplexed with the LNA on
pins ANTP and ANTN. Therefore constraints for the RX
matching have to be considered for the differential PA
matching.
The current consumption can be calculated as
I TX[mA] +
1
PA efficiency
10
P out[dBm])P loss[dB]
10
Table 5. CURRENT CONSUMPTION VS. OUTPUT
POWER
Itxcalc [mA]
Pout [dBm]
868 MHz
169 MHz
0
7.5
4.5
1
7.9
4.9
2
8.4
5.4
3
9.0
6.0
4
9.8
6.8
5
10.8
7.8
6
12.1
9.1
7
13.7
10.7
8
15.7
12.7
9
18.2
15.2
10
21.3
18.3
11
25.3
22.3
B 1.8V ) I offset
Ioffset is about 6 mA for the fully integrated VCO at 400
MHz to 1050 MHz, and 3 mA for the VCO with external
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AX8052F143
12
30.3
27.3
13
36.7
33.7
14
44.6
41.6
15
54.6
51.6
Both AX8052F143 power amplifiers run from the
regulated VDD_ANA supply and not directly from the
battery. This has the advantage that the current and output
power do not vary much over supply voltage and
temperature.
Table 6. LOGIC
Symbol
Description
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Digital Inputs
VDD_IO = 3.3 V
VT+
Schmitt trigger low to high threshold point
VT−
Schmitt trigger high to low threshold point
1.55
V
1.25
V
VIL
Input voltage, low
VIH
Input voltage, high
2.0
VIPA
Input voltage range, Port A
−0.5
VDD_IO
V
VIPBC
Input voltage range, Ports B, C
−0.5
5.5
V
IL
Input leakage current
−10
10
mA
RPU
Programmable Pull−Up Resistance
0.8
V
V
65
kW
Digital Outputs
IOH
Output Current, high
Ports PA, PB and PC
VOH = 2.4 V
8
mA
IOL
Output Current, low
Ports PA, PB and PC
VOL = 0.4 V
8
mA
IOH
Output Current, high
Pin SYSCLK
VOH = 2.4 V
4
mA
IOL
Output Current, low
Pin SYSCLK
VOL = 0.4 V
4
mA
IOZ
Tri−state output leakage current
−10
10
mA
AC Characteristics
Table 7. CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR (RF REFERENCE OSCILLATOR)
Symbol
Description
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Units
16
50
MHz
20
mS
fXTAL
Crystal or frequency
Note 1, 2, 3
10
gmosc
Oscillator transconductance range
Self−regulated see note 4
0.2
Cosc
Programmable tuning capacitors at pins
CLK16N and CLK16P
AX5043_XTALCAP = 0x00
default
3
pF
AX5043_XTALCAP = 0x01
8.5
pF
AX5043_XTALCAP = 0xFF
40
pF
Cosc−lsb
Programmable tuning capacitors, increment per LSB of AX5043_XTALCAP
AX5043_XTALCAP = 0x01
– 0xFF
0.5
pF
fext
External clock input (TCXO)
Note 2, 3, 5
RINosc
Input DC impedance
10
NDIVSYSCLK
Divider ratio fSYSCLK = FXTAL/ NDIVSYSCLK
20
10
16
50
24
210
MHz
kW
1. Tolerances and start−up times depend on the crystal used. Depending on the RF frequency and channel spacing the IC must be calibrated
to the exact crystal frequency using the readings of the register AX5043_TRKFREQ.
2. The choice of crystal oscillator or TCXO frequency depends on the targeted regulatory regime for TX, see separate documentation on
meeting regulatory requirements.
3. To avoid spurious emission, the crystal or TCXO reference frequency should be chosen so that the RF carrier frequency is not an integer
multiple of the crystal or TCXO frequency.
4. The oscillator transconductance is regulated for fastest start−up time during start−up and for lowest power curing steady state oscillation.
This means that values depend on the crystal used.
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AX8052F143
5. If an external clock or TCXO is used, it should be input via an AC coupling at pin CLK16P with the oscillator powered up and
AX5043_XTALCAP = 000000. For detailed TCXO network recommendations depending on the TCXO output swing refer to the AX5043
Application Note: Use with a TCXO Reference Clock.
Table 8. LOW−POWER OSCILLATOR (TRANSCEIVER WAKE ON RADIO CLOCK)
Symbol
Description
fosc−slow
fosc−fast
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Hz
Oscillator frequency slow mode
LPOSC FAST = 0 in
AX5043_LPOSCCONFIG register
No calibration
480
640
800
Internal calibration vs. crystal
clock has been performed
630
640
650
Oscillator frequency fast mode
LPOSC FAST = 1 in
AX5043_LPOSCCONFIG register
No calibration
7.6
10.2
12.8
Internal calibration vs. crystal
clock has been performed
9.8
10.2
10.8
kHz
Table 9. RF FREQUENCY GENERATION SUBSYSTEM (SYNTHESIZER)
Symbol
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Reference frequency
The reference frequency must be chosen
so that the RF carrier frequency is not an
integer multiple of the reference frequency
10
16
50
MHz
NDIVref
Reference divider ratio range
Controlled directly with bits REFDIV in register AX5043_PLLVCODIV
20
23
NDIVm
Main divider ratio range
Controlled indirectly with register
AX5043_FREQ
4.5
66.5
NDIVRF
RF divider range
Controlled directly with bit RFDIV in register AX5043_ PLLVCODIV
1
2
Programmable in increments of 8.5 mA via
register AX5043_PLLCPI
8.5
2168
mA
RFDIV = 1
400
525
MHz
RFDIV = 0
800
fREF
Description
Dividers
Charge Pump
ICP
Charge pump current
Internal VCO (VCOSEL = 0)
fRF
RF frequency range
fstep
RF frequency step
RFDIV = 1
fREF = 16.000000 MHz
BW
Synthesizer loop bandwidth
Tstart
Synthesizer start−up time if crystal
oscillator and reference are running
The synthesizer loop bandwidth an start−
up time can be programmed with the registers AX5043_PLLLOOP and
AX5043_PLLCPI.
For recommendations see the AX5043
Programming Manual, the AX−RadioLab
software and AX5043 Application Notes
on compliance with regulatory regimes.
PN868
Synthesizer phase noise 868 MHz
fREF = 48 MHz
10 kHz from carrier
−95
1 MHz from carrier
−120
PN433
Synthesizer phase noise 433 MHz
fREF = 48 MHz
10 kHz from carrier
−105
1 MHz from carrier
−120
1050
0.98
Hz
50
500
kHz
5
25
ms
dBc/Hz
dBc/Hz
VCO with external inductors (VCOSEL = 1, VCO2INT = 1)
fRFrng_lo
fRFrng_hi
PN169
RF frequency range
For choice of Lext values as well as
VCO gains see Figure 3 and
Figure 4
RFDIV = 1
27
262
RFDIV = 0
54
525
Synthesizer phase noise 169 MHz
Lext=47 nH (wire wound 0603)
AX5043_RFDIV = 0, fREF= 16 MHz
Note: phase noises can be improved with higher fREF
10 kHz from carrier
−97
1 MHz from carrier
−115
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10
MHz
dBc/Hz
AX8052F143
Table 9. RF FREQUENCY GENERATION SUBSYSTEM (SYNTHESIZER)
Symbol
Description
Condition
Min
Note: The external VCO frequency needs
to be 2 x fRF
27
Typ
Max
Units
1000
MHz
External VCO (VCOSEL = 1, VCO2INT = 0)
fRF
RF frequency range fully external
VCO
Vamp
Differential input amplitude at L1, L2
terminals
VinL
Input voltage levels at L1, L2 terminals
Vctrl
Control voltage range
0.7
Available at FILT in external loop filter
mode
0
1.8
V
0
1.8
V
Figure 3. VCO with External Inductors: Typical Frequency vs. Lext
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11
V
AX8052F143
Figure 4. VCO with External Inductors: Typical KVCO vs. Lext
The following table shows the typical frequency ranges
for frequency synthesis with external VCO inductor for
different inductor values.
Table 10.
Freq [MHz]
Freq [MHz]
Lext [nH]
RFDIV = 0
RFDIV = 1
PLL Range
8.2
482
241
0
8.2
437
219
15
10
432
216
0
10
390
195
15
12
415
208
0
12
377
189
15
15
380
190
0
15
345
173
15
18
345
173
0
18
313
157
15
22
308
154
0
22
280
140
14
27
285
143
0
27
258
129
15
33
260
130
0
33
235
118
15
39
245
123
0
39
223
112
14
47
212
106
0
47
194
97
14
56
201
101
0
56
182
91
15
68
178
89
0
68
161
81
15
82
160
80
1
82
146
73
14
100
149
75
1
100
136
68
14
120
136
68
0
120
124
62
14
For tuning or changing of ranges a capacitor can be added
in parallel to the inductor.
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12
AX8052F143
Table 11. TRANSMITTER
Symbol
Description
Condition
SBR
Signal bit rate
PTX
Transmitter power @ 868 MHz
Min
Differential PA, 50 W single
ended measurement at an
SMA connector behind the
matching network, Note 2
Transmitter power @ 433 MHz
Transmitter power @ 169 MHz
Max
Units
0.1
Typ
125
kbps
−10
16
dBm
−10
16
−10
16
PTXstep
Programming step size output power
Note 1
dTXtemp
Transmitter power variation vs. temperature
−40°C to +85°C
Note 2
± 0.5
dB
dTXVdd
Transmitter power variation vs. VDD_IO
1.8 to 3.6 V
Note 2
± 0.5
dB
Padj
Adjacent channel power
GFSK BT = 0.5, 500 Hz deviation,
1.2 kbps, 25 kHz channel spacing,
10 kHz channel BW
868 MHz
−44
dBc
433 MHz
−51
Emission @ 2nd harmonic
868 MHz, Note 2
−40
PTX868−harm2
PTX868−harm3
PTX433−harm2
PTX433−harm3
1. P out
Emission @
3rd
harmonic
Emission @
2nd
harmonic
Emission @
3rd
harmonic
AX5043_TXPWRCOEFFB
+
2 12*1
0.5
dB
dBc
−60
433 MHz, Note 2
dBc
−40
−40
P max
2. 50 W single ended measurements at an SMA connector behind the matching network. For recommended matching networks see
Applications section.
Table 12. RECEIVER SENSITIVITIES
The table lists typical input sensitivities (without FEC) in dBm at the SMA connector with the complete matching network for BER=10−3 at
433 or 868 MHz.
Data rate
[kbps]
0.1
Sensitivity [dBm]
RX Bandwidth [kHz]
1
10
100
125
FSK
h = 0.66
FSK
h=1
FSK
h=2
FSK
h=4
FSK
h=5
FSK
h=8
FSK
h = 16
PSK
−135
−134.5
−132.5
−133
−133.5
−133
−132.5
−138
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.6
0.9
2.1
Deviation [kHz]
0.033
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.25
0.4
0.8
Sensitivity [dBm]
−126
−125
−123
−123.5
−124
−123.5
−122.5
−130
RX Bandwidth [kHz]
1.5
2
3
6
7
11
21
1
Deviation [kHz]
0.33
0.5
1
2
2.5
4
8
Sensitivity [dBm]
−117
−116
−113
−114
−113.5
−113
−120
RX Bandwidth [kHz]
15
20
30
50
60
110
10
Deviation [kHz]
3.3
5
10
20
25
40
Sensitivity [dBm]
−107
−105.5
−109
RX Bandwidth [kHz]
150
200
100
Deviation [kHz]
33
50
Sensitivity [dBm]
−105
−104
−108
RX Bandwidth [kHz]
187.5
200
125
Deviation [kHz]
42.3
62.5
1. Sensitivities are equivalent for 1010 data streams and PN9 whitened data streams.
2. RX bandwidths < 0.9 kHz cannot be achieved with an 48 MHz TCXO. A 16 MHz TCXO was used for all measurements at 0.1 kbps.
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AX8052F143
Table 13. RECEIVER
Symbol
Description
SBR
Signal bit rate
ISBER868
Input sensitivity at
BER = 10−3
for 868 MHz operation,
continuous data,
without FEC
ISBER868FEC
ISPER868
Condition
Min
Typ
0.1
FSK, h = 0.5, 100 kbps
−106
FSK, h = 0.5, 10 kbps
−116
FSK, 500 Hz deviation, 1.2 kbps
−126
PSK, 100 kbps
−109
PSK, 10 kbps
−120
PSK, 1 kbps
−130
Input sensitivity at
BER = 10−3, for 868 MHz operation, continuous data,
with FEC
FSK, h = 0.5, 50 kbps
−111
FSK, h = 0.5, 5 kbps
−122
FSK, 0.1 kbps
−137
Input sensitivity at
PER = 1%, for 868 MHz operation, 144 bit packet data, without
FEC
FSK, h = 0.5, 100 kbps
−103
FSK, h = 0.5, 10 kbps
−115
FSK, 500 Hz deviation, 1.2 kbps
−125
Input sensitivity at
PER = 1% for 868 MHz operation, WOR−mode, without FEC
FSK, h= 0.5, 100 kpbs
−102
FSK
10
CP1dB
Input referred compression point
2 tones separated by 100 kHz
−35
RSSIR
RSSI control range
FSK, 500 Hz deviation,
1.2 kbps
RSSIS1
RSSI step size
Before digital channel filter; calculated
from register AX5043_AGCCOUNTER
RSSIS2
RSSI step size
RSSIS3
SEL868
ISWOR868
−126
Max
Units
125
kbps
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
−46
dB
0.625
dB
Behind digital channel filter; calculated
from registers AX5043_AGCCOUNTER,
AX5043_TRKAMPL
0.1
dB
RSSI step size
Behind digital channel filter; reading register AX5043_RSSI
1
dB
Adjacent channel suppression
25 kHz channels , Note 1
45
dB
100 kHz channels, Note 1
47
BLK868
Blocking at ± 10 MHz offset
Note 2
RAFC
AFC pull−in range
The AFC pull−in range can be programmed with the AX5043_MAXRFOFFSET registers.
The AFC response time can be programmed with the AX5043_FREQGAIND register.
± 15
78
dB
%
RDROFF
Bitrate offset pull−in range
The bitrate pull−in range can be programmed with the
AX5043_MAXDROFFSET registers.
± 10
%
1. Interferer/Channel @ BER = 10−3, channel level is +3 dB above the typical sensitivity, the interfering signal is CW; channel signal is
modulated with shaping
2. Channel/Blocker @ BER = 10−3, channel level is +3 dB above the typical sensitivity, the blocker signal is CW; channel signal is modulated
with shaping
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AX8052F143
Table 14. RECEIVER AND TRANSMITTER SETTLING PHASES
Symbol
Description
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Txtal
XTAL settling time
Powermodes:
POWERDOWN to STANDBY
Note that Txtal depends on the specific
crystal used.
0.5
ms
Tsynth
Synthesizer settling time
Powermodes:
STANDBY to SYNTHTX or SYNTHRX
40
ms
Ttx
TX settling time
Powermodes:
SYNTHTX to FULLTX
Ttx is the time used for power ramping, this
can be programmed to be 1 x tbit, 2 x tbit,
4 x tbit or 8 x tbit.
Note 1
Trx_init
RX initialization time
Trx_rssi
RX RSSI acquisition time
(after Trx_init)
Trx_preambl-
RX signal acquisition time to
valid data RX at full sensitivity/selectivity
(after Trx_init)
e
0
1 x tbit
8 x tbit
ms
150
ms
Powermodes:
SYNTHRX to FULLRX
80 +
3 x tbit
ms
Modulation (G)FSK
Note 1
9 x tbit
1. tbit depends on the datarate, e.g. for 10 kbps tbit = 100 ms
Table 15. OVERALL STATE TRANSITION TIMES
Symbol
Description
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Units
40
40 + 1 x tbit
ms
Ttx_on
TX startup time
Powermodes:
STANDBY to FULLTX
Note 1
Trx_on
RX startup time
Powermodes:
STANDBY to FULLRX
190
ms
Trx_rssi
RX startup time to valid RSSI
Powermodes:
STANDBY to FULLRX
270 +
3 x tbit
ms
Trx_data
RX startup time to valid data at full
sensitivity/selectivity
Modulation (G)FSK
Note 1
190 +
9 x tbit
ms
Trxtx
RX to TX switching
Powermodes:
FULLRX to FULLTX
62
ms
Ttxrx
TX to RX switching
(to preamble start)
Powermodes:
FULLTX to FULLRX
200
Thop
Frequency hop
Switch between frequency defined in register AX5043_FREQA and AX5043_FREQB
30
1. tbit depends on the datarate, e.g. for 10 kbps tbit = 100 ms
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15
ms
AX8052F143
Table 16. LOW FREQUENCY CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
Symbol
Description
fLPXTAL
Crystal frequency
gmlpxosc
Transconductance oscillator
RINlpxosc
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Units
32
150
kHz
LPXOSCGM = 00110
3.5
LPXOSCGM = 01000
4.6
LPXOSCGM = 01100
6.9
LPXOSCGM = 10000
9.1
Input DC impedance
ms
10
MW
Table 17. INTERNAL LOW POWER OSCILLATOR
Symbol
fLPOSC
Description
Oscillation Frequency
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Units
LPOSCFAST = 0
Factory calibration applied.
Over the full temperature and
voltage range
630
640
650
Hz
LPOSCFAST = 1
Factory calibration applied
Over the full temperature and
voltage range
10.08
10.24
10.39
kHz
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Factory calibration applied.
Over the full temperature and
voltage range
19.8
20
20.2
MHz
Table 18. INTERNAL RC OSCILLATOR
Symbol
fLFRCPOSC
Description
Oscillation Frequency
Table 19. MICROCONTROLLER
Symbol
Description
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Units
TSYSCLKL
SYSCLK Low
27
ns
TSYSCLKH
SYSCLK High
21
ns
TSYSCLKP
SYSCLK Period
47
ns
TFLWR
FLASH Write Time
2 Bytes
TFLPE
FLASH Page Erase
TFLE
FLASH Secure Erase
TFLEND
FLASH Endurance: Erase Cycles
TFLRETroom
FLASH Data Retention
TFLREThot
20
ms
1 kBytes
2
ms
64 kBytes
10
ms
100 000
Cycles
10 000
25°C
See Figure 5 for the lower limit
set by the memory qualification
100
85°C
See Figure 5 for the lower limit
set by the memory qualification
10
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16
Years
AX8052F143
Data retention time [years]
100000
10000
1000
100
10
15
25
35
45
55
Temperature [5C]
65
75
85
Figure 5. FLASH Memory Qualification Limit for Data Retention after 10k Erase Cycles
Table 20. ADC / COMPARATOR / TEMPERATURE SENSOR
Symbol
Description
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Units
500
kHz
30
kHz
ADCSR
ADC sampling rate GPADC mode
30
ADCSR_T
ADC sampling rate temperature sensor mode
10
ADCRES
ADC resolution
VADCREF
ADC reference voltage & comparator internal
reference voltage
ZADC00
Input capacitance
DNL
Differential nonlinearity
±1
LSB
INL
Integral nonlinearity
±1
LSB
OFF
Offset
3
LSB
GAIN_ERR
Gain error
0.8
%
15.6
10
0.95
1
Bits
1.05
V
2.5
pF
ADC in Differential Mode
VABS_DIFF
Absolute voltages & common mode voltage in
differential mode at each input
VFS_DIFF01
Full swing input for differential signals
VFS_DIFF10
0
VDD_IO
V
Gain x1
−500
500
mV
Gain x10
−50
50
mV
ADC in Single Ended Mode
VMID_SE
Mid code input voltage in single ended mode
VIN_SE00
Input voltage in single ended mode
VFS_SE01
Full swing input for single ended signals
0.5
Gain x1
V
0
VDD_IO
V
0
1
V
Comparators
VCOMP_ABS
Comparator absolute input voltage
0
VDD_IO
V
VCOMP_COM
Comparator input common mode
0
VDD_IO −
0.8
V
VCOMPOFF
Comparator input offset voltage
20
mV
Temperature Sensor
TRNG
Temperature range
TRES
Temperature resolution
TERR_CAL
Temperature error
−40
85
0.1607
Factory calibration
applied
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17
−2
°C
°C/LSB
2
°C
AX8052F143
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
ambles as well as checksums can be generated
automatically.
AX8052F143 supports any data rate from 0.1 kbps to
125 kbps for FSK, MSK, 4−FSK, GFSK, GMSK and ASK
modulations. To achieve optimum performance for specific
data rates and modulation schemes several register settings
to configure the AX8052F143 are necessary, they are
outlined in the following, for details see the AXSEM
RadioLab software which calculates the necessary register
settings and the AX5043 Programming Manual.
The receiver supports multi−channel operation for all data
rates and modulation schemes.
The AX8052F143 is a true single chip narrow−band,
ultra−low power RF−microcontroller SoC for use in
licensed and unlicensed bands ranging from 70 MHz to
1050 MHz. The on−chip transceiver consists of a fully
integrated RF front−end with modulator and demodulator.
Base band data processing is implemented in an advanced
and flexible communication controller that enables user
friendly communication.
The AX8052F143 contains a high speed microcontroller
compatible to the industry standard 8052 instruction set. It
contains 64 kBytes of FLASH and 8.25 kBytes of internal
SRAM.
The AX8052F143 features 3 16−bit general purpose
timers with SD capability, 2 output compare units for
generating PWM signals, 2 input compare units to record
timings of external signals, 2 16−bit wakeup timers, a
watchdog timer, 2 UARTs, a Master/Slave SPI controller, a
10−bit 500 kSample/s A/D converter, 2 analog comparators,
a temperature sensor, a 2 channel DMA controller, and a
dedicated AES crypto controller. Debugging is aided by a
dedicated hardware debug interface controller that connects
using a 3−wire protocol (1 dedicated wire, 2 shared with
GPIO) to the PC hosting the debug software.
While the radio carrier/LO synthesizer can only be
clocked by the crystal oscillator (carrier stability
requirements dictate a high stability reference clock in the
MHz range), the microcontroller and its peripherals provide
extremely flexible clocking options. The system clock that
clocks the microcontroller, as well as peripheral clocks, can
be selected from one of the following clock sources: the
crystal oscillator, an internal high speed 20MHz oscillator,
an internal low speed 640 Hz/10 kHz oscillator, or the low
frequency crystal oscillator. Prescalers offer additional
flexibility with their programmable divide by a power of two
capability. To improve the accuracy of the internal
oscillators, both oscillators may be slaved to the crystal
oscillator.
AX8052F143 can be operated from a 1.8 V to 3.6 V power
supply over a temperature range of –40°C to 85°C, it
consumes 4 − 51 mA for transmitting, depending on the
output power, 6.8 – 11 mA for receiving.
The AX8052F143 features make it an ideal interface for
integration into various battery powered solutions such as
ticketing or as transceiver for telemetric applications e.g. in
sensors. As primary application, the transceiver is intended
for UHF radio equipment in accordance with the European
Telecommunication Standard Institute (ETSI) specification
EN 300 220−1 and the US Federal Communications
Commission (FCC) standard Title 47 CFR part 15 as well as
Part 90. Additionally AX8052F143 is suited for systems
targeting compliance with Wireless M−Bus standard EN
13757−4:2005. Wireless M−Bus frame support (S, T, R) is
built−in.
The AX8052F143 sends and receives data in frames. This
standard operation mode is called Frame Mode. Pre and post
Microcontroller
The AX8052 microcontroller core executes the industry
standard 8052 instruction set. Unlike the original 8052,
many instructions are executed in a single cycle. The system
clock and thus the instruction rate can be programmed freely
from DC to 20 MHz.
Memory Architecture
The AX8052F143 Microcontroller features the highest
bandwidth memory architecture of its class. Figure 6 shows
the memory architecture. Three bus masters may initiate bus
cycles:
• The AX8052 Microcontroller Core
• The Direct Memory Access (DMA) Engine
• The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Engine
Bus targets include:
• Two individual 4 kBytes RAM blocks located in X
address space, which can be simultaneously accessed
and individually shut down or retained during sleep
mode
• A 256 Byte RAM located in internal address space,
which is always retained during sleep mode
• A 64 kBytes FLASH memory located in code space.
• Special Function Registers (SFR) located in internal
address space accessible using direct address mode
instructions
• Additional Registers located in X address space
(X Registers)
The upper half of the FLASH memory may also be
accessed through the X address space. This simplifies and
makes the software more efficient by reducing the need for
generic pointers.
NOTE: Generic pointers include, in addition to the
address, an address space tag.
SFR Registers are also accessible through X address
space, enabling indirect access to SFR registers. This allows
driver code for multiple identical peripherals (such as
UARTs or Timers) to be shared.
The 4 word × 16 bit fully associative cache and a pre−fetch
controller hide the latency of the FLASH.
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18
AX8052F143
AES
Cache
AX8052
DMA
X Bus
SFR Bus
Arbiter
Arbiter
Arbiter
XRAM
XRAM
X Registers
0000−0FFF
1000−1FFF
4000−7FFF
Prefetch
IRAM Bus
Arbiter
Code Bus
Arbiter
Arbiter
SFR Registers
IRAM
FLASH
80−FF
00−FF
0000−FFFF
Figure 6. AX8052 Memory Architecture
The AES engine accesses memory 16 bits at a time. It is
therefore slightly faster to align its buffers on even
addresses.
The AX8052 Memory Architecture is fully parallel. All
bus masters may simultaneously access different bus targets
during each system clock cycle. Each bus target includes an
arbiter that resolves access conflicts. Each arbiter ensures
that no bus master can be starved.
Both 4 kBytes RAM blocks may be individually retained
or switched off during sleep mode. The 256 Byte RAM is
always retained during sleep mode.
Memory Map
The AX8052, like the other industry standard 8052
compatible microcontrollers, uses a Harvard architecture.
Multiple address spaces are used to access code and data.
Figure 7 shows the AX8052 memory map.
I (internal) Space
Address
P (Code) Space
X Space
direct access
0000−007F
indirect access
IRAM
IRAM
XRAM
0080−00FF
SFR
0100−1FFF
IRAM
2000−207F
2080−3F7F
FLASH
3F80−3FFF
SFR
4000−4FFF
RREG
5000−5FFF
RREG (nb)
6000−7FFF
XREG
8000−FBFF
FLASH
FC00−FFFF
Calibration Data
Calibration Data
Figure 7. AX8052 Memory Architecture
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19
AX8052F143
AX5043 Programming Manual are relative to the beginning
of RREG, i.e. 0x4000 must be added to these addresses. It
is recommended that the AXSEM provided ax8052f143.h
header file is used; Radio Registers are prefixed with
AX5043_ in the ax8052f143.h header file to avoid clashes of
same−name Radio Registers with AX8052 registers.
Normally, accessing Radio Registers through the RREG
address range is adequate. Since Radio Register accesses
have a higher latency than other AX8052 registers, the
AX8052 provides a method for non−blocking access to the
Radio Registers. Accessing the RREG (nb) address range
initiates a Radio Register access, but does not wait for its
completion. The details of mechanism is documented in the
Radio Interface section of the AX8052 Programming
Manual.
The FLASH memory is organized as 64 pages of 1 kBytes
each. Each page can be individually erased. The write word
size is 16 Bits. The last 1 kByte page is dedicated to factory
calibration data and should not be overwritten.
The AX8052 uses P or Code Space to access its program.
Code space may also be read using the MOVC instruction.
Smaller amounts of data can be placed in the Internal (see
Note) or Data Space. A distinction is made in the upper half
of the Data Space between direct accesses (MOV reg,addr;
MOV addr,reg) and indirect accesses (MOV reg,@Ri;
MOV @Ri,reg; PUSH; POP); Direct accesses are routed to
the Special Function Registers, while indirect accesses are
routed to the internal RAM.
NOTE: The origin of Internal versus External (X) Space
is historical. External Space used to be outside
of the chip on the original 8052
Microcontrollers.
Large amounts of data can be placed in the External or X
Space. It can be accessed using the MOVX instructions.
Special Function Registers, as well as additional
Microcontroller Registers (XREG) and the Radio Registers
(RREG) are also mapped into the X Space.
Detailed documentation of the Special Function Registers
(SFR) and additional Microcontroller Registers can be
found in the AX8052 Programming Manual.
The Radio Registers are documented in the AX5043
Programming Manual. Register Addresses given in the
Power Management
The microcontroller power mode can be selected
independently from the transceiver. The microcontroller
supports the following power modes:
Table 21. POWER MANAGEMENT
PCON
register
Name
Description
00
RUNNING
The microcontroller and all peripherals are running. Current consumption depends on the system clock
frequency and the enabled peripherals and their clock frequency.
01
STANDBY
The microcontroller is stopped. All register and memory contents are retained. All peripherals continue to
function normally. Current consumption is determined by the enabled peripherals. STANDBY is exited
when any of the enabled interrupts become active.
10
SLEEP
The microcontroller and its peripherals, except GPIO and the system controller, are shut down. Their register settings are lost. The internal RAM is retained. The external RAM is split into two 4 kByte blocks. Software can determine individually for both blocks whether contents of that block are to be retained or lost.
SLEEP can be exited by any of the enabled GPIO or system controller interrupts. For most applications
this will be a GPIO or wakeup timer interrupt.
11
DEEPSLEEP
The microcontroller, all peripherals and the transceiver are shut down. Only 4 bytes of scratch RAM are
retained. DEEPSLEEP can only be exited by tying the PB3 pin low.
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AX8052F143
Clocking
WDT
FRCOSC
Calib
Wakeup
Timer
Interrupt
Prescaler
÷1,2,4,...
System Clock
LPOSC
FRCOSC
Glitch Free Clock Switch
LPOSC
Calib
Internal Reset
XOSC
Clock
Monitor
LPXOSC
SYSCLK
Figure 8. Clock System Diagram
The system clock can be derived from any of the following
clock sources:
• The crystal oscillator (RF reference oscillator, typically
16 MHz, via SYSCLK)
• The low speed crystal oscillator (typical 32 kHz tuning
fork)
• The internal high speed RC (20 MHz) oscillator
• The internal low power (640 Hz/10 kHz) oscillator
a programmable time interval, thus reverts to the internal RC
oscillator.
Both internal oscillators can be slaved to one of the crystal
oscillators to increase the accuracy of the oscillation
frequency. While the reference oscillator runs, the internal
oscillator is slaved to the reference frequency by a digital
frequency locked loop. When the reference oscillator is
switched off, the internal oscillator continues to run
unslaved with the last frequency setting.
An additional pre−scaler allows the selected oscillator to
be divided by a power of two. After reset, the
microcontroller starts with the internal high speed RC
oscillator selected and divided by two. I.e. at start−up, the
microcontroller runs with 10 MHz ± 10%. Clocks may be
switched any time by writing to the CLKCON register. In
order to prevent clock glitches, the switching takes
approximately 2·(T1+T2), where T1 and T2 are the periods
of the old and the new clock. Switching may take longer if
the new oscillator first has to start up. Internal oscillators
start up instantaneously, but crystal oscillators may take a
considerable amount of time to start the oscillation.
CLKSTAT can be read to determine the clock switching
status.
A programmable clock monitor resets the CLKCON
register when no system clock transitions are found during
Reset and Interrupts
After reset, the microcontroller starts executing at address
0x0000. Several events can lead to resetting the
microcontroller core:
• POR or hardware RESET_N pin activated and released
• Leaving SLEEP or DEEPSLEEP mode
• Watchdog Reset
• Software Reset
The reset cause can be determined by reading the PCON
register.
The microcontroller supports 22 interrupt sources. Each
interrupt can be individually enabled and can be
programmed to have one of two possible priorities. The
interrupt vectors are located at 0x0003, 0x000B,…,
0x00AB.
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AX8052F143
Two output compare units work in conjunction with one
of the timers to generate PWM signals.
Two input capture units work in conjunction with one of
the timers to measure transitions on an input signal.
For software timekeeping, two additional 16−bit wakeup
timers with 4 16−bit event registers are provided, generating
an interrupt on match events.
Debugging
A hardware debug unit considerably eases debugging
compared to other 8052 microcontrollers. It allows to
reliably stop the microcontroller at breakpoints even if the
stack is smashed. The debug unit communicates with the
host PC running the debugger using a 3 wire interface. One
wire is dedicated (DBG_EN), while two wires are shared
with GPIO pins (PB6, PB7). When DBG_EN is driven high,
PB6 and PB7 convert to debug interface pins and the GPIO
functionality is no longer available. A pin emulation feature
however allows bits PINB[7:6] to be set and PORTB[7:6]
and DIRB[7:6] to be read by the debugger software. This
allows for example switches or LEDs connected to the PB6,
PB7 pins to be emulated in the debugger software whenever
the debugger is active.
In order to protect the intellectual property of the firmware
developer, the debug interface can be locked using a
developer−selectable 64−bit key. The debug interface is then
disabled and can only be enabled with the knowledge of this
64−bit key. Therefore, unauthorized persons cannot read the
firmware through the debug interface, but debugging is still
possible for authorized persons. Secure erase can be initiated
without key knowledge; secure erase ensures that the main
FLASH array is completely erased before erasing the key,
reverting the chip into factory state.
The DebugLink peripheral looks like an UART to the
microcontroller, and allows exchange of data between the
microcontroller and the host PC without disrupting program
execution.
UART
The AX8052F143 features two universal asynchronous
receiver transmitters. They use one of the timers as baud rate
generator. Word length can be programmed from 5 to 9 bits.
SPI Master/Slave Controller
The AX8052F143 features a master/slave SPI controller.
Both 3 and 4 wire SPI variants are supported. In master
mode, any of the on−chip oscillators or the system clock may
be selected as clock source. An additional prescaler with
divide by two capability provides additional clocking
flexibility. Shift direction, as well as clock phase and
inversion, are programmable.
ADC, Analog Comparators and Temperature Sensor
The AX8052F143 features a 10−bit, 500 kSample/s
Analog to Digital converter. Figure 9 shows the block
diagram of the ADC. The ADC supports both single ended
and differential measurements. It uses an internal reference
of 1 V. ×1, ×10 and ×0.1 gain modes are provided. The ADC
may digitize signals on PA0…PA7, as well as VDD_IO and
an internal temperature sensor. The user can define four
channels which are then converted sequentially and stored
in four separate result registers. Each channel configuration
consists of the multiplexer and the gain setting.
The AX8052F143 contains an on−chip temperature
sensor. Built−in calibration logic allows the temperature
sensor to be calibrated in °C, °F or any other user defined
temperature scale.
The AX8052F143 also features two analog comparators.
Each comparator can either compare two voltages on
dedicated PA pins, or one voltage against the internal 1 V
reference. The comparator output can be routed to a
dedicated digital output pin or can be read by software. The
comparators are clocked with the system clock.
Timer, Output Compare and Input Capture
The AX8052F143 features three general purpose 16−bit
timers. Each timer can be clocked by the system clock, any
of the available oscillators, or a dedicated input pin. The
timers also feature a programmable clock inversion, a
programmable prescaler that can divide by powers of two,
and an optional clock synchronization logic that
synchronizes the clock to the system clock. All three
counters are identical and feature four different counting
modes, as well as a SD mode that can be used to output an
analog value on a dedicated digital pin only employing a
simple RC lowpass filter.
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22
System Clock
SYSCLK
LPXOSC
XOSC
VDDIO
LPOSC
Temperature
Sensor
FRCOSC
ADCCLKSRC
AX8052F143
Free Running
One Shot
PA6
Timer 0
PA5
Timer 1
Prescaler
÷1,2,4,8,...
PA7
PA4
PA3
Timer 2
PC4
PA2
PA1
ADCCONV
Clock
PA0
Trigger
ADC Core
PPP
Ref
x 0.1, x 1, x 10
Gain
ADC Result
VREF
1V
0.5 V
Single Ended
NNN
ACOMP0IN
ACOMP0ST/PA4/PC3
ACOMP0INV
ACOMP0REF
System Clock
ACOMP1IN
ACOMP1ST/PA7/PC1
ACOMP1INV
ACOMP1REF
Figure 9. ADC Block Diagram
DMA Controller
microcontroller. Additional logic prevents starvation of the
DMA controller.
The AX8052F143 features a dual channel DMA engine.
Each DMA channel can either transfer data from XRAM to
almost any peripheral on chip, or from almost any peripheral
to XRAM. Both channels may also be cross−linked for
memory−memory transfers. The DMA channels use buffer
descriptors to find the buffers where data is to be retrieved
or placed, thus enabling very flexible buffering strategies.
The DMA channels access XRAM in a cycle steal fashion.
They access XRAM whenever XRAM is not used by the
microcontroller. Their priority is lower than the
microcontroller, thus interfering very little with the
AES Engine
The AX8052F143 contains a dedicated engine for the
government mandated Advanced Encryption Standard
(AES). It features a dedicated DMA engine and reads input
data as well as key stream data from the XRAM, and writes
output data into a programmable buffer in the XRAM. The
round number is programmable; the chip therefore supports
AES−128, AES−192, and AES−256, as well as higher
security proprietary variants. Keystream (key expansion) is
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23
AX8052F143
Alternatively a single ended reference (TXCO, CXO)
may be used. The CMOS levels should be applied to
CLK16P via an AC coupling with the crystal oscillator
enabled. For detailed TCXO network recommendations
depending on TCXO output swing refer to the AX5043
Application Note: Use with a TCXO Reference Clock.
performed in software, adding to the flexibility of the AES
engine. ECB (electronic codebook), CFB (cipher feedback)
and OFB (output feedback) modes are directly supported
without software intervention.
Crystal Oscillator and TCXO Interface
(RF Reference Oscillator)
The AX8052F143 is normally operated with an external
TCXO, which is required by most narrow−band regulation
with a tolerance of 0.5 ppm to 1.5 ppm depending on the
regulation. The on−chip crystal oscillator allows the use of
an inexpensive quartz crystal as the RF generation
subsystem’s timing reference when possible from a
regulatory point of view.
A wide range of crystal frequencies can be handled by the
crystal oscillator circuit. As the reference frequency impacts
both the spectral performance of the transmitter as well as
the current consumption of the receiver, the choice of
reference frequency should be made according to the
regulatory regime targeted by the application. Application
Notes for usage of AX5043 in compliance with various
regulatory regimes also apply to AX8052F143.
The crystal or TCXO reference frequency should be
chosen so that the RF carrier frequency is not an integer
multiple of the crystal or TCXO frequency.
The oscillator circuit is enabled by programming the
AX5043_PWRMODE register. At power−up it is enabled.
To adjust the circuit’s characteristics to the quartz crystal
being used, without using additional external components,
the tuning capacitance of the crystal oscillator can be
programmed. The transconductance of the oscillator is
automatically regulated, to allow for fastest start−up times
together with lowest power operation during steady−state
oscillation.
The integrated programmable tuning capacitor bank
makes it possible to connect the oscillator directly to pins
CLK16N and CLK16P without the need for external
capacitors. It is programmed using bits XTALCAP[5:0] in
register AX5043_XTALCAP.
To synchronize the receiver frequency to a carrier signal,
the oscillator frequency could be tuned using the capacitor
bank however, the recommended method to implement
frequency synchronization is to make use of the high
resolution RF frequency generation sub−system together
with the Automatic Frequency Control, both are described
further down.
Low Power Oscillator and Wake on Radio (WOR) Mode
The AX8052F143 transceiver features an internal lowest
power fully integrated oscillator. In default mode the
frequency of oscillation is 640 Hz ± 1.5%, in fast mode it is
10.2 kHz ± 1.5%.
If Wake on Radio Mode is enabled, the receiver wakes up
periodically at a user selectable interval, and checks for a
radio signal on the selected channel. If no signal is detected,
the receiver shuts down again. If a radio signal is detected,
and a valid packet is received, the microcontroller is alerted
by asserting an interrupt.
SYSCLK Output
The SYSCLK pin outputs the RF reference clock signal
divided by a programmable integer. Divisions from 1 to
2048 are possible. For divider ratios > 1 the duty cycle is
50%. Bits SYSCLK[3:0] in the AX5043_PINCFG1 register
set the divider ratio. The SYSCLK output can be disabled.
Power−on−Reset (POR) and RESET_N Input
AX8052F143 has an integrated power−on−reset block
which is edge sensitive to VDD_IO. For many common
application cases no external reset circuitry is required.
However, if VDD_IO ramps cannot be guaranteed, an
external reset circuit is recommended. For detailed
recommendations and requirements see the AX8052
Application Note: Power On Reset.
After POR or reset all registers are set to their default
values.
The RESET_N pin contains a weak pull−up. However, it
is strongly recommended to connect the RESET_N pin to
VDD_IO if not used, for additional robustness.
The AX8052F143 can be reset by software as well. The
microcontroller is reset by writing 1 to the SWRESET bit of
the PCON register. The transceiver can be reset by first
writing 1 and then 0 to the RST bit in the
AX5043_PWRMODE register.
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24
AX8052F143
Ports
VDDIO
PORTx.y
65 kW
DIRx.y
Special Function
PALTx.y
INTCHGx.y
Interrupt
PINx.y
PINx read clock
ANALOGx.y
Figure 10. Port Pin Schematic
Port A, B and C pins may interrupt the microcontroller if
their level changes. The INTCHG register bit enables the
interrupt. The PIN register bit reflects the value of the port
pin. Reading the PIN register also resets the interrupt if
interrupt on change is enabled.
Figure 10 shows the GPIO logic. The DIR register bit
determines whether the port pin acts as an output (1) or an
input (0).
If configured as an output, the PALT register bit
determines whether the port pin is connected to a peripheral
output (1), or used as a GPIO pin (0). In the latter case, the
PORT register bit determines the port pin drive value.
If configured as an input, the PORT register bit determines
whether a pull−up resistor is enabled (1) or disabled (0).
Inputs have chmitt−trigger characteristic. Port A inputs may
be disabled by setting the ANALOGA register bit; this
prevents additional current consumption if the voltage level
of the port pin is mid−way between logic low and logic high,
when the pin is used as an analog input.
PWRAMP and ANTSEL
PWRAMP functionality is available on PB2 if
PALTRADIO bit 6 and DIRB bit 2 are set. ANTSEL
functionality is available on PB3 if PALTRADIO bit 7 and
DIRB bit 3 are set. If these pins should be set to
high−impedance, it must be done by clearing the
corresponding
DIRB
bit,
not
by
setting
AX5043_PINFUNCPWRAMP or
AX5043_PINFUNCANTSEL to Z.
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25
AX8052F143
TRANSCEIVER
frequency of double the desired RF frequency must be input
at device pins L1 and L2. The control voltage for the VCO
can be output at device pin FILT when using external filter
mode. The voltage range of this output pin is 0 – 1.8 V. This
mode of operation is recommended for special applications
where the phase noise requirements are not met when using
the fully internal VCO or the internal VCO with external
inductor.
The transceiver block is controllable through its registers,
which are mapped into the X data space of the
micro−controller. The transceiver block features its own 4
word ×10 bit FIFO. The microcontroller can either be
interrupted at a programmable FIFO fill level, or one of the
DMA channels can be instructed to transfer between XRAM
and the transceiver FIFO.
RF Frequency Generation Subsystem
VCO Auto−Ranging
The AX8052F143 has an integrated auto−ranging
function, which allows to set the correct VCO range for
specific frequency generation subsystem settings
automatically. Typically it has to be executed after
power−up. The function is initiated by setting the
RNG_START bit in the AX5043_PLLRANGINGA or
AX5043_PLLRANGINGB register. The bit is readable and
a 0 indicates the end of the ranging process. Setting
RNG_START in the AX5043_PLLRANGINGA register
ranges the frequency in AX5043_FREQA, while setting
RNG_START in the AX5043_PLLRANGINGB register
ranges the frequency in AX5043_FREQB. The RNGERR
bit indicates the correct execution of the auto−ranging. VCO
auto−ranging works with the fully integrated VCO and with
the internal VCO with external inductor.
The RF frequency generation subsystem consists of a
fully integrated synthesizer, which multiplies the reference
frequency from the crystal oscillator to get the desired RF
frequency. The advanced architecture of the synthesizer
enables frequency resolutions of 1 Hz, as well as fast settling
times of 5 – 50 ms depending on the settings (see section AC
Characteristics). Fast settling times mean fast start−up and
fast RX/TX switching, which enables low−power system
design.
For receive operation the RF frequency is fed to the mixer,
for transmit operation to the power−amplifier.
The frequency must be programmed to the desired carrier
frequency.
The synthesizer loop bandwidth can be programmed, this
serves three purposes:
1. Start−up time optimization, start−up is faster for
higher synthesizer loop bandwidths
2. TX spectrum optimization, phase−noise at
300 kHz to 1 MHz distance from the carrier
improves with lower synthesizer loop bandwidths
3. Adaptation of the bandwidth to the data−rate. For
transmission of FSK and MSK it is required that
the synthesizer bandwidth must be in the order of
the data−rate.
Loop Filter and Charge Pump
The AX8052F143 internal loop filter configuration
together with the charge pump current sets the synthesizer
loop band width. The internal loop−filter has three
configurations that can be programmed via the register bits
FLT[1:0]
in
registers
AX5043_PLLLOOP
or
AX5043_PLLLOOPBOOST the charge pump current can
be programmed using register bits PLLCPI[7:0] in registers
AX5043_PLLCPI
or
AX5043_PLLCPIBOOST.
Synthesizer bandwidths are typically 50 – 500 kHz
depending
on
the
AX5043_PLLLOOP
or
AX5043_PLLLOOPBOOST settings, for details see the
section: AC Characteristics.
The AX8052F143 can be setup in such a way that when
the synthesizer is started, the settings in the registers
AX5043_PLLLOOPBOOST
and
AX5043_PLLCPIBOOST are applied first for a
programmable duration before reverting to the settings in
AX5043_PLLLOOP and AX5043_PLLCPI. This feature
enables automated fastest start−up.
Setting bits FLT[1:0] = 00 bypasses the internal loop filter
and the VCO control voltage is output to an external loop
filter at pin FILT. This mode of operation is recommended
for achieving lower bandwidths than with the internal loop
filter and for usage with a fully external VCO.
VCO
An on−chip VCO converts the control voltage generated
by the charge pump and loop filter into an output frequency.
This frequency is used for transmit as well as for receive
operation. The frequency can be programmed in 1 Hz steps
in the AX5043_FREQ registers. For operation in the 433
MHz band, the RFDIV bit in the AX5043_PLLVCODIV
register must be programmed.
The fully integrated VCO allows to operate the device in
the frequency ranges 800 – 1050 MHz and 400 – 520 MHz.
The carrier frequency range can be extended to 54 –
525 MHz and 27 – 262 MHz by using an appropriate
external inductor between device pins L1 and L2. The bits
VCO2INT and VCOSEL in the AX5043_PLLVCODIV
register must be set high to enter this mode.
It is also possible to use a fully external VCO by setting
bits VCO2INT = 0 and VCOSEL = 1 in the
AX5043_PLLVCODIV register. A differential input at a
Registers
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AX8052F143
Table 22. RF FREQUENCY GENERATION REGISTERS
Register
AX5043_PLLLOOP
AX5043_PLLLOOPBOOST
Bits
FLT[1:0]
AX5043_PLLCPI
AX5043_PLLCPIBOOST
AX5043_PLLVCODIV
Purpose
Synthesizer loop filter bandwidth and selection of external loop filter, recommended usage is to
increase the bandwidth for faster settling time, bandwidth increases of factor 2 and 5 are possible.
Synthesizer charge pump current, recommended usage is to decrease the bandwidth (and
improve the phase−noise) for low data−rate transmissions.
REFDIV
Sets the synthesizer reference divider ratio.
RFDIV
Sets the synthesizer output divider ratio.
VCOSEL
Selects either the internal or the external VCO
VCO2INT Selects either the internal VCO inductor or an external inductor between pins L1 and L2
AX5043_FREQA, AX5043_FREQB
Programming of the carrier frequency
AX5043_PLLRANGINGA,
AX5043_PLLRANGINGB
Initiate VCO auto−ranging and check results
RF Input and Output Stage (ANTP/ANTN/ANTP1)
PA
In TX mode the PA drives the signal generated by the
frequency generation subsystem out to either the differential
antenna terminals or to the single ended antenna pin. The
antenna terminals are chosen via the bits TXDIFF and TXSE
in register AX5043_MODECFGA.
The output power of the PA is programmed via the register
AX5043_TXPWRCOEFFB.
The PA can be digitally pre−distorted for high linearity.
The output amplitude can be shaped (raised cosine), this
mode is selected with bit AMPLSHAPE in register
AX5043_MODECFGA PA ramping is programmable in
increments of the bit time and can be set to 1 – 8 bit times via
bits SLOWRAMP in register AX5043_MODECFGA.
Output power as well as harmonic content will depend on
the external impedance seen by the PA.
The AX8052F143 has two main antenna interface modes:
1. Both RX and TX use differential pins ANTP and
ANTN. RX/TX switching is handled internally.
This mode is recommended for highest output
powers, highest sensitivities and for direct
connection to dipole antennas. Also see Figure 15.
2. RX uses the differential antenna pins ANTP and
ANTN. TX uses the single ended antenna pin
ANTP1. RX/TX switching is handled externally.
This can be done either with an external RX/TX
switch or with a direct tie configuration. This
mode is recommended for low output powers at
high efficiency Figure 18 and for usage with
external power amplifiers Figure 17.
Pin PB2 can be used to control an external RX/TX switch
when operating the device together with an external PA
(Figure 17). Pin PB3 can be used to control an external
antenna switch when receiving with two antennas (Figure
19).
When antenna diversity is enabled, the radio controller
will, when not in the middle of receiving a packet,
periodically probe both antennas and select the antenna with
the highest signal strength. The radio controller can be
instructed to periodically write both RSSI values into the
FIFO. Antenna diversity mode is fully automatic.
Digital IF Channel Filter and Demodulator
The digital IF channel filter and the demodulator extract
the data bit−stream from the incoming IF signal. They must
be programmed to match the modulation scheme as well as
the data−rate. Inaccurate programming will lead to loss of
sensitivity.
The channel filter offers bandwidths of 995 Hz up to
221 kHz.
The AXSEM RadioLab Software calculates the necessary
register settings for optimal performance. An overview of
the registers involved is given in the following table as
reference, for details see the AX5043 Programming
Manual. The register setups typically must be done once at
power−up of the device.
LNA
The LNA amplifies the differential RF signal from the
antenna and buffers it to drive the I/Q mixer. An external
matching network is used to adapt the antenna impedance to
the IC impedance. A DC feed to GND must be provided at
the antenna pins.
Registers
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AX8052F143
Table 23. CHANNEL FILTER AND DEMODULATOR REGISTERS
Register
Remarks
AX5043_DECIMATION
This register programs the bandwidth of the digital channel filter.
AX5043_RXDATARATE2… AX5043_RXDATARATE0
These registers specify the receiver bit rate, relative to the channel filter bandwidth.
AX5043_MAXDROFFSET2…
AX5043_MAXDROFFSET0
These registers specify the maximum possible data rate offset
AX5043_MAXRFOFFSET2… AX5043_MAXRFOFFSET0
These registers specify the maximum possible RF frequency offset
AX5043_TIMEGAIN, AX5043_DRGAIN
These registers specify the aggressiveness of the receiver bit timing recovery. More
aggressive settings allow the receiver to synchronize with shorter preambles, at the
expense of more timing jitter and thus a higher bit error rate at a given signal−to−noise
ratio.
AX5043_MODULATION
This register selects the modulation to be used by the transmitter and the receiver,
i.e. whether ASK, FSK should be used.
AX5043_PHASEGAIN, AX5043_FREQGAINA,
AX5043_FREQGAINB, AX5043_FREQGAINC,
AX5043_FREQGAIND, AX5043_AMPLGAIN
These registers control the bandwidth of the phase, frequency offset and amplitude
tracking loops.
AX5043_AGCGAIN
This register controls the AGC (automatic gain control) loop slopes, and thus the
speed of gain adjustments. The faster the bit−rate, the faster the AGC loop should be.
AX5043_TXRATE
These registers control the bit rate of the transmitter.
AX5043_FSKDEV
These registers control the frequency deviation of the transmitter in FSK mode. The
receiver does not explicitly need to know the frequency deviation, only the channel
filter bandwidth has to be set wide enough for the complete modulation to pass.
Encoder
Framing and FIFO
The encoder is located between the Framing Unit, the
Demodulator and the Modulator. It can optionally transform
the bit−stream in the following ways:
• It can invert the bit stream.
• It can perform differential encoding. This means that a
zero is transmitted as no change in the level, and a one
is transmitted as a change in the level.
• It can perform Manchester encoding. Manchester
encoding ensures that the modulation has no DC
content and enough transitions (changes from 0 to 1 and
from 1 to 0) for the demodulator bit timing recovery to
function correctly, but does so at a doubling of the data
rate.
• It can perform spectral shaping (also know as
whitening). Spectral shaping removes DC content of
the bit stream, ensures transitions for the demodulator
bit timing recovery, and makes sure that the transmitted
spectrum does not have discrete lines even if the
transmitted data is cyclic. It does so without adding
additional bits, i.e. without changing the data rate.
Spectral Shaping uses a self synchronizing feedback
shift register.
Most radio systems today group data into packets. The
framing unit is responsible for converting these packets into
a bit−stream suitable for the modulator, and to extract
packets from the continuous bit−stream arriving from the
demodulator.
The Framing unit supports two different modes:
• Packet modes
• Raw modes
The microcontroller communicates with the framing unit
through a 256 byte FIFO. Data in the FIFO is organized in
Chunks. The chunk header encodes the length and what data
is contained in the payload. Chunks may contain packet data,
but also RSSI, Frequency offset, Timestamps, etc.
The AX8052F143 contains one FIFO. Its direction is
switched depending on whether transmit or receive mode is
selected.
The FIFO can be operated in polled or interrupt driven
modes. In polled mode, the microcontroller must
periodically read the FIFO status register or the FIFO count
register to determine whether the FIFO needs servicing.
In interrupt mode EMPTY, NOT EMPTY, FULL, NOT
FULL and programmable level interrupts are provided.
Interrupts are acknowledged by removing the cause for the
interrupt, i.e. by emptying or filling the FIFO.
To lower the interrupt load on the microcontroller, one of
the DMA channels may be instructed to transfer data
The encoder is programmed using the register
AX5043_ENCODING, details and recommendations on
usage are given in the AX5043 Programming Manual.
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28
AX8052F143
In packet modes a CRC can be computed automatically.
HDLC Mode is the main framing mode of the
AX8052F143. In this mode, the AX8052F143 performs
automatic packet delimiting, and optional packet
correctness check by inserting and checking a cyclic
redundancy check (CRC) field.
NOTE: HDLC mode follows High−Level Data Link
Control (HDLC, ISO 13239) protocol.
between the transceiver FIFO and the XRAM memory. This
way, much larger buffers can be realized in XRAM, and
interrupts need only be serviced if the larger XRAM buffers
fill or empty.
Packet Modes
The AX8052F143 offers different packet modes. For
arbitrary packet sizes HDLC is recommended since the flag
and bit−stuffing mechanism. The AX8052F143 also offers
packet modes with fixed packet length with a byte indicating
the length of the packet.
The packet structure is given in the following table.
Table 24. HDLC PACKET STRUCTURE
Flag
Address
Control
Information
FCS
(Optional Flag)
8 bit
8 bit
8 or 16 bit
Variable length, 0 or more bits in multiples of 8
16 / 32 bit
8 bit
HDLC packets are delimited with flag sequences of
content 0x7E.
In AX8052F143 the meaning of address and control is
user defined. The Frame Check Sequence (FCS) can be
programmed to be CRC−CCITT, CRC−16 or CRC−32.
The receiver checks the CRC, the result can be retrieved
from the FIFO, the CRC is appended to the received data.
In Wireless M−Bus Mode, the packet structure is given in
the following table.
NOTE: Wireless M−Bus mode follows EN13757−4
Table 25. WIRELESS M−BUS PACKET STRUCTURE
Preamble
L
C
M
A
FCS
Optional Data Block
(optionally repeated with FCS)
FCS
variable
8 bit
8 bit
8 bit
8 bit
16 bit
8 − 96 bit
16 bit
current value of the AGC and can be used as an
RSSI. The step size of this RSSI is 0.625 dB. The
value can be used as soon as the RF frequency
generation sub−system has been programmed.
2. RSSI behind the digital IF channel filter.
The register AX5043_RSSI contains the current
value of the RSSI behind the digital IF channel
filter. The step size of this RSSI is 1 dB.
3. RSSI behind the digital IF channel filter high
accuracy. The demodulator also provides
amplitude information in the
AX5043_TRK_AMPLITUDE register. By
combining both the AX5043_AGCCOUNTER
and the AX5043_TRK_AMPLITUDE registers, a
high resolution (better than 0.1 dB) RSSI value
can be computed at the expense of a few
arithmetic operations on the micro−controller. The
AXSEM RadioLab Software calculates the
necessary register settings for best performance.
For details on implementing a HDLC communication as
well as Wireless M−Bus please use the AXSEM RadioLab
software and see the AX5043 Programming Manual.
Raw Modes
In Raw mode, the AX8052F143 does not perform any
packet delimiting or byte synchronization. It simply
serializes transmit bytes and de−serializes the received
bit−stream and groups it into bytes. This mode is ideal for
implementing legacy protocols in software.
Raw mode with preamble match is similar to raw mode.
In this mode, however, the receiver does not receive
anything until it detects a user programmable bit pattern
(called the preamble) in the receive bit−stream. When it
detects the preamble, it aligns the de−serialization to it.
The preamble can be between 4 and 32 bits long.
RX AGC and RSSI
AX8052F143 features three receiver signal strength
indicators (RSSI):
1. RSSI before the digital IF channel filter.
The gain of the receiver is adjusted in order to
keep the analog IF filter output level inside the
working range of the ADC and demodulator. The
register AX5043_AGCCOUNTER contains the
Modulator
Depending on the transmitter settings the modulator
generates various inputs for the PA:
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29
AX8052F143
Table 26. MODULATIONS
Modulation
Bit = 0
Bit = 1
Main Lobe Bandwidth
Max. Bitrate
ASK
PA off
PA on
BW = BITRATE
125 kBit/s
FSK/MSK/GFSK/GMSK
Df = −fdeviation
Df = +fdeviation
BW = (1 + h) ⋅BITRATE
125 kBit/s
PSK
DF = 0°
DF = 180°
BW = BITRATE
125 kBit/s
All modulation schemes, except 4−FSK, are binary.
Amplitude can be shaped using a raised cosine waveform.
Amplitude shaping will also be performed for constant
amplitude modulation ((G)FSK, (G)MSK) for ramping up
and down the PA. Amplitude shaping should always be
enabled.
Frequency shaping can either be hard (FSK, MSK), or
Gaussian (GMSK, GFSK), with selectable BT = 0.3 or
BT = 0.5.
h
= modulation index. It is the ratio of the deviation
compared to the bit−rate; fdeviation = 0.5⋅h⋅BITRATE,
AX8052F143 can demodulate signals with h < 32.
ASK = amplitude shift keying
FSK = frequency shift keying
MSK= minimum shift keying; MSK is a special case of
FSK, where h = 0.5, and therefore
fdeviation = 0.25⋅BITRATE; the advantage of MSK over FSK
is that it can be demodulated more robustly.
PSK = phase shift keying
Table 27. 4−FSK MODULATION
Modulation
DiBit = 00
DiBit = 01
DiBit = 11
DiBit = 10
Main Lobe Bandwidth
Max. Bitrate
4−FSK
Df = −3fdeviation
Df = −fdeviation
Df = +fdeviation
Df = +3fdeviation
BW = (1 + 3 h) ⋅BITRATE
125 kBit/s
4−FSK Frequency shaping is always hard.
Df +
Automatic Frequency Control (AFC)
The AX8052F143 features an automatic frequency
tracking loop which is capable of tracking the transmitter
frequency within the RX filter band width. On top of that the
AX8052F143 has a frequency tracking register
AX5043_TRKRFFREQ to synchronize the receiver
frequency to a carrier signal. For AFC adjustment, the
frequency offset can be computed with the following
formula:
AX5043_TRKRFFREQ
f XTAL
2 32
PWRMODE Register
The AX8052F143 transceiver features its own
independent power management, independent from the
microcontroller. While the microcontroller power mode is
controlled
through
the
PCON
register,
the
AX5043_PWRMODE register controls which parts of the
transceiver are operating.
Table 28. PWRMODE REGISTER
AX5043_PWRMODE
Register
Name
Description
0000
POWERDOWN
All digital and analog functions, except the register file, are disabled. The core supply voltages are switched off to conserve leakage power. Register contents are preserved.
Access to the FIFO is not possible and the contents are not preserved. POWERDOWN
mode is only entered once the FIFO is empty.
0001
DEEPSLEEP
The transceiver is fully turned off. All digital and analog functions are disabled. All register
contents are lost.
To leave DEEPSLEEP mode the pin SEL has to be pulled low. This will initiate startup and
reset of the transceiver. Then the MISO line should be polled, as it will be held low during
initialization and will rise to high at the end of the initialization, when the chip becomes
ready for operation.
It is recommended to use the functions ax5043_enter_deepsleep() and ax5043_wakeup_deepsleep() provided in libmf
0101
STANDBY
The crystal oscillator and the reference are powered on; receiver and transmitter are off.
Register contents are preserved and accessible.
Access to the FIFO is not possible and the contents are not preserved. STANDBY is only
entered once the FIFO is empty.
0110
FIFO
The reference is powered on. Register contents are preserved and accessible.
Access to the FIFO is possible and the contents are preserved.
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30
AX8052F143
Table 28. PWRMODE REGISTER
AX5043_PWRMODE
Register
Name
1000
SYNTHRX
1001
FULLRX
1011
WOR
1100
SYNTHTX
The synthesizer is running on the transmit frequency. Transmitter and receiver are still off.
This mode is used to let the synthesizer settle on the correct frequency for transmit.
1101
FULLTX
Synthesizer and transmitter are running. Do not switch into this mode before the synthesizer has completely settled on the transmit frequency (in SYNTHTX mode), otherwise spurious spectral transmissions will occur.
Description
The synthesizer is running on the receive frequency. Transmitter and receiver are still off.
This mode is used to let the synthesizer settle on the correct frequency for receive.
Synthesizer and receiver are running.
Receiver wakeup−on−radio mode.
The mode the same as POWERDOWN, but the 640 Hz internal low power oscillator is
running.
Table 29. A TYPICAL AX5043_PWRMODE SEQUENCE FOR A TRANSMIT SESSION
Step
PWRMODE
Remarks
1
POWERDOWN
2
STANDBY
The settling time is dominated by the crystal used, typical value 3ms.
3
FULLTX
Data transmission
4
POWERDOWN
Table 30. A TYPICAL AX5043_PWRMODE SEQUENCE FOR A RECEIVE SESSION
Step
PWRMODE [3:0]
Remarks
1
POWERDOWN
2
STANDBY
The settling time is dominated by the crystal used, typical value 3ms.
3
FULLRX
Data reception
4
POWERDOWN
Voltage Regulator
Register AX5043_POWSTAT contains status bits that
can be read to check if the regulated voltages are ready (bit
SVIO) or if VDD_IO has dropped below the brown−out
level of 1.3 V (bit SSUM).
In power−down mode the core supply voltages for digital
and analog functions are switched off to minimize leakage
power. Most register contents are preserved but access to the
FIFO is not possible and FIFO contents are lost.
In deep−sleep mode all supply voltages are switched off.
All digital and analog functions are disabled. All register
contents are lost.
The AX8052F143 transceiver uses its own dedicated
on−chip voltage regulator system to create stable supply
voltages for the internal circuitry from the primary supply
VDD_IO. The I/O level of the digital pins is VDD_IO.
Pins VDD_ANA are supplied for external decoupling of
the power supply used for the on−chip PA.
The voltage regulator system must be set into the
appropriate state before receive or transmit operations can
be initiated. This is handled automatically when
programming
the
device
modes
via
the
AX5043_PWRMODE register.
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31
AX8052F143
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Typical Application Diagrams
Connecting to Debug Adapter
Jumper JP1
RF reference XTAL
100pF
1uF
VDD_IO
PA0
PA1
PA2
PA3
PA4
PA5
VDD_IO
TST2
TST1
CLK16P
CLK16N
32 kHz XTAL
VDD_ANA
GND
GND
RESET_N
ANTP
DBG_EN
ANTN
PB7
AX8052F143
ANTP1
PB6
PB2
PB1
PB0
PC0
PC1
PC2
PC3
PB3
PC4
GND
SYSCLK
PB4
L1
VDD_ANA
L2
PB5
FILT
GND
1
2
3
4
5
6
DBG_EN
DBG_RT_N
GND
DBG_CLK
DBG_DATA
GND
7
8
DBG_VDD
Debug adapter
connector
Figure 11. Typical Application Diagram with Connection to the Debug Adapter
The 32 kHz crystal is optional, the fast crystal at pins
CLK16N and CLK16P is used as reference frequency for the
RF RX/TX. Crystal load capacitances should be chosen
according to the crystal’s datasheet. At pins CLK16N and
CLK16P they the internal programmable capacitors may be
used, at pins PA3 and PA4 capacitors must be connected
externally.
Short Jumper JP1−1 if it is desired to supply the target
board from the Debug Adapter (50 mA max). Connect the
bottom exposed pad of the AX8052F143 to ground.
If the debugger is not running, PB6 and PB7 are not driven
by the Debug Adapter. If the debugger is running, the PB6
and PB7 values that the software reads may be set using the
Pin Emulation feature of the debugger.
PB3 is driven by the debugger only to bring the
AX8052F143 out of Deep Sleep. It is high impedance
otherwise.
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32
AX8052F143
Match to 50 W for Differential Antenna Pins
(868 / 433 MHz RX / TX Operation)
LC1
CF
CC1
CM1
IC antenna
pins
CT1
LT1
CT2
LT 2
LB1
50 W single−ended
equipment or antenna
LF
CA
CA
CB2
CM2
CC2
LC2
LB2
Optional filter stage
to suppress TX
harmonics
Figure 12. Structure of the Differential Antenna Interface for TX/RX Operation to 50 W Single−ended Equipment or
Antenna
Table 31. TYPICAL COMPONENT VALUES
Frequency Band
LC1,2
[nH]
CC1,2
[pF]
CT1,2
[pF]
LT1,2
[nH]
CM1
[pF]
CM2
[pF]
LB1,2
[nH]
CB2
[pF]
CF
[pF]
optional
LF
[nH]
optional
CA
[pF]
optional
868 / 915 MHz
18
nc
2.7
18
6.2
3.6
12
2.7
nc
0W
nc
433 MHz
100
nc
4.3
43
11
5.6
27
5.1
nc
0W
nc
470 MHz
100
nc
3.9
33
4.7
nc
22
4.7
nc
0W
nc
169 MHz
150
10
10
120
12
nc
68
12
6.8
30
27
Match to 50 W for Single−ended Antenna Pin
(868 / 915 / 433 MHz TX Operation)
CF1
IC Antenna
Pin
CT
LT
50 W single−ended
equipment or antenna
LF1
LC
CC
CA1
CA2
Figure 13. Structure of the Single−ended Antenna Interface for TX Operation to 50 W Single−ended Equipment or
Antenna
Table 32. TYPICAL COMPONENT VALUES
Frequency Band
LC [nH]
CC [pF]
CT [pF]
LT [nH]
CF1 [pF]
LF1 [nH]
CA1 [pF]
CA2 [pF]
868 / 915 MHz
18
nc
2.7
18
3.6
2.2
3.6
nc
433 MHz
100
nc
4.3
43
6.8
4.7
5.6
nc
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33
AX8052F143
Match to 50 W for Single−ended Antenna Pin
(169 MHz TX Operation)
CF1
IC Antenna
Pin
CT
CF2
LT
LF1
50 W single−ended
equipment or antenna
LF2
CC
LC
CA1
CA3
CA2
Figure 14. Structure of the Single−ended Antenna Interface for TX Operation to 50 W Single−ended Equipment or
Antenna
Table 33. TYPICAL COMPONENT VALUES
Frequency Band
LC
[nH]
CC
[pF]
CT
[pF]
LT
[nH]
CF1
[pF]
LF1
[nH]
CF2
[pF]
LF2
[nH]
CA1
[pF]
CA2
[pF]
CA3
[pF]
169 MHz
150
2.2
22
120
4.7
39
1.8
47
33
47
15
VDD_IO
PA0
PA1
PA2
PA3
PA4
PA5
TST2
VDD_IO
TST1
CLK16P
CLK16N
Using a Dipole Antenna and the Internal TX/RX Switch
VDD_ANA
GND
GND
RESET_N
ANTP
DBG_EN
ANTN
PB7
AX8052F143
ANTP1
PB6
PB2
PB0
PB1
PC0
PC1
PC3
PC2
SYSCLK
PB3
PC4
GND
L1
PB4
L2
PB5
VDD_ANA
FILT
GND
Figure 15. Typical Application Diagram with Dipole Antenna and Internal TX/RX Switch
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34
AX8052F143
PA0
VDD_IO
PA1
PA2
PA3
PA4
PA5
TST2
VDD_IO
TST1
CLK16P
CLK16N
Using a Single−ended Antenna and the Internal TX/RX Switch
VDD_ANA
RESET_N
ANTP
DBG_EN
ANTN
PB7
AX8052F143
ANTP1
PB6
PB2
PB1
PB0
PC0
PC1
PC3
PC2
PB3
PC4
PB4
SYSCLK
VDD_ANA
GND
L1
PB5
L2
GND
FILT
50 W
GND
GND
Figure 16. Typical Application Diagram with Single−ended Antenna and Internal TX/RX Switch
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35
AX8052F143
PA0
VDD_IO
PA1
PA2
PA3
PA4
PA5
TST2
VDD_IO
TST1
CLK16P
CLK16N
Using an External High−power PA and an External TX/RX Switch
VDD_ANA
GND
GND
RESET_N
ANTP
DBG_EN
ANTN
TX/RX switch
50 W
PB7
AX8052F143
ANTP1
PB6
GND
PB2
PB1
PB0
PC0
PC1
PC3
PC2
PC4
SYSCLK
L1
PB4
PB3
L2
VDD_ANA
GND
FILT
PA
PB5
Figure 17. Typical Application Diagram with Single−ended Antenna, External PA and External Antenna Switch
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36
AX8052F143
PA0
VDD_IO
PA1
PA2
PA3
PA4
PA5
VDD_IO
TST2
TST1
CLK16N
CLK16P
Using the Single−ended PA
VDD_ANA
RESET_N
ANTP
DBG_EN
ANTN
PB7
AX8052F143
ANTP1
PB6
PB2
PB1
PB0
PC0
PC1
PC2
PC3
SYSCLK
PB3
L1
PB4
GND
L2
PB5
VDD_ANA
FILT
GND
PC4
50 W
GND
GND
Figure 18. Typical Application Diagram with Single−ended Antenna, Single−ended Internal PA,
without RX/TX Switch
NOTE: For details and recommendations on implementing this configuration refer to the AX8052F143 Application
Note: 0 dBm / 8 mA TX and 9.5 mA RX Configuration for the 868 MHz Band.
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37
AX8052F143
Using Two Antenna
PB3
VDD_IO
PA0
PA1
PA2
PA3
PA4
PA5
TST2
VDD_IO
TST1
CLK16P
CLK16N
Antenna switch
VDD_ANA
GND
GND
RESET_N
ANTP
DBG_EN
ANTN
PB7
AX8052F143
ANTP1
PB6
GND
PB5
PB2
PB1
PB0
PC0
PC1
PC3
PC2
PC4
SYSCLK
L1
L2
PB4
PB3
FILT
VDD_ANA
GND
Figure 19. Typical Application Diagram with Two Single−ended Antenna and External Antenna Switch
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38
PB3
AX8052F143
VDD_IO
PA0
PA1
PA2
PA3
PA4
PA5
TST2
VDD_IO
TST1
CLK16N
CLK16P
Using an External VCO Inductor
VDD_ANA
GND
GND
RESET_N
ANTP
DBG_EN
ANTN
PB7
AX8052F143
ANTP1
PB6
PB2
PB0
PB1
PC0
PC1
PC3
PC2
SYSCLK
PB3
PC4
GND
L1
PB4
L2
PB5
VDD_ANA
FILT
GND
LVCO
Figure 20. Typical Application Diagram with External VCO Inductor
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39
AX8052F143
PA0
VDD_IO
PA1
PA2
PA3
PA4
PA5
TST2
VDD_IO
TST1
CLK16N
CLK16P
Using an External VCO
VDD_ANA
GND
GND
RESET_N
ANTP
DBG_EN
ANTN
PB7
AX8052F143
ANTP1
PB6
GND
PB5
PB2
PB0
PB1
PC0
PC1
PC3
PC2
SYSCLK
PC4
L1
EN
L2
OUTP
OUTN
PB3
FILT
PB4
GND
VCTRL
VDD_ANA
VCO
Figure 21. Typical Application Diagram with External VCO
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40
AX8052F143
Using a TCXO
PB2
EN_TCXO
C1_TCXO
TCXO
VDD_IO
PA0
PA1
PA2
PA3
PA4
PA5
VDD_IO
TST2
TST1
CLK16P
CLK16N
C2_TCXO
VDD_ANA
GND
GND
RESET_N
ANTP
DBG_EN
ANTN
PB7
AX8052F143
ANTP1
PB6
GND
PB5
PB2
PB0
PB1
PC0
PC1
PC3
PC2
PC4
SYSCLK
L1
PB3
L2
PB4
GND
FILT
VDD_ANA
PB2
Figure 22. Typical Application Diagram with a TCXO
NOTE: For detailed TCXO network recommendations depending on TCXO output swing refer to the AX5043
Application Note: Use with a TCXO Reference Clock.
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41
AX8052F143
QFN40 Soldering Profile
Preheat
Reflow
Cooling
tP
TP
Temperature
TL
tL
TsMAX
TsMIN
ts
25°C
T25°C to Peak
Time
Figure 23. QFN40 Soldering Profile
Table 34.
Profile Feature
Pb−Free Process
Average Ramp−Up Rate
3°C/s max.
Preheat Preheat
Temperature Min
TsMIN
150°C
Temperature Max
TsMAX
200°C
Time (TsMIN to TsMAX)
ts
60 – 180 sec
Time 25°C to Peak Temperature
T25°C to Peak
8 min max.
Liquidus Temperature
TL
217°C
Time over Liquidus Temperature
tL
60 – 150 s
Peak Temperature
tp
260°C
Time within 5°C of actual Peak Temperature
Tp
20 – 40 s
Reflow Phase
Cooling Phase
Ramp−down rate
6°C/s max.
1. All temperatures refer to the top side of the package, measured on the the package body surface.
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42
AX8052F143
QFN40 Recommended Pad Layout
1. PCB land and solder masking recommendations
are shown in Figure 24.
A = Clearance from PCB thermal pad to solder mask opening, 0.0635 mm minimum
B = Clearance from edge of PCB thermal pad to PCB land, 0.2 mm minimum
C = Clearance from PCB land edge to solder mask opening to be as tight as possible
to ensure that some solder mask remains between PCB pads.
D = PCB land length = QFN solder pad length + 0.1 mm
E = PCB land width = QFN solder pad width + 0.1 mm
Figure 24. PCB Land and Solder Mask Recommendations
3. For the PCB thermal pad, solder paste should be
printed on the PCB by designing a stencil with an
array of smaller openings that sum to 50% of the
QFN exposed pad area. Solder paste should be
applied through an array of squares (or circles) as
shown in Figure 25.
4. The aperture opening for the signal pads should be
between 50−80% of the QFN pad area as shown in
Figure 26.
5. Optionally, for better solder paste release, the
aperture walls should be trapezoidal and the
corners rounded.
6. The fine pitch of the IC leads requires accurate
alignment of the stencil and the printed circuit
board. The stencil and printed circuit assembly
should be aligned to within + 1 mil prior to
application of the solder paste.
7. No−clean flux is recommended since flux from
underneath the thermal pad will be difficult to
clean if water−soluble flux is used.
2. Thermal vias should be used on the PCB thermal
pad (middle ground pad) to improve thermal
conductivity from the device to a copper ground
plane area on the reverse side of the printed circuit
board. The number of vias depends on the package
thermal requirements, as determined by thermal
simulation or actual testing.
3. Increasing the number of vias through the printed
circuit board will improve the thermal
conductivity to the reverse side ground plane and
external heat sink. In general, adding more metal
through the PC board under the IC will improve
operational heat transfer, but will require careful
attention to uniform heating of the board during
assembly.
Assembly Process
Stencil Design & Solder Paste Application
1. Stainless steel stencils are recommended for solder
paste application.
2. A stencil thickness of 0.125 – 0.150 mm
(5 – 6 mils) is recommended for screening.
Figure 25. Solder Paste Application on Exposed Pad
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43
AX8052F143
Minimum 50% coverage
62% coverage
Maximum 80% coverage
Figure 26. Solder Paste Application on Pins
MARKING DIAGRAM
XXXXXXXX
AWLYYWWG
XXX = Specific Device Code
A
= Assembly Location
WL = Wafer Lot
YY = Year
WW = Work Week
G = Pb−Free Package
Table 35. ORDERING INFORMATION
Device
AX8052 Version
AX5043 Version
Package
OPN
Shipping†
AX8052F143−2
1C
1
QFN40
(Pb−Free, Halide Free)
AX8052F143−2−TB05
500 / Tape & Reel
AX8052F143−2−TX30
3000 / Tape & Reel
QFN40
(Pb−Free, Halide Free)
AX8052F143−3−TB05
500 / Tape & Reel
AX8052F143−3−TX30
3000 / Tape & Reel
AX8052F143−3−TX40
4000 / Tape & Reel
AX8052F143−3
2
1
†For information on tape and reel specifications, including part orientation and tape sizes, please refer to our Tape and Reel Packaging
Specification Brochure, BRD8011/D.
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44
AX8052F143
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
QFN40 7x5, 0.5P
CASE 485EG
ISSUE A
PIN ONE
REFERENCE
2X
ÉÉ
ÉÉ
L
A B
D
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER
ASME Y14.5M, 1994.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS: MILLIMETERS.
3. DIMENSION b APPLIES TO PLATED
TERMINAL AND IS MEASURED BETWEEN
0.25 AND 0.30mm FROM TERMINAL
4. COPLANARITY APPLIES TO THE EXPOSED
PAD AS WELL AS THE TERMINALS.
L
L1
DETAIL A
E
ALTERNATE TERMINAL
CONSTRUCTIONS
DIM
A
A1
A3
b
D
D2
E
E2
e
L
L1
0.15 C
2X
0.15 C
ÉÉ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
EXPOSED Cu
TOP VIEW
(A3)
DETAIL B
0.10 C
DETAIL B
A
0.08 C
ALTERNATE
CONSTRUCTION
A1
NOTE 4
C
SIDE VIEW
D2
DETAIL A
40X
9
MOLD CMPD
SEATING
PLANE
RECOMMENDED
SOLDERING FOOTPRINT*
L
7.30
5.60
21
40X
E2
PACKAGE
OUTLINE
b
0.10 C A B
0.05 C
1
40
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
0.80
1.00
0.00
0.05
0.20 REF
0.18
0.30
7.00 BSC
5.30
5.50
5.00 BSC
3.30
3.50
0.50 BSC
0.30
0.50
−−−
0.15
40X
0.60
1
NOTE 3
3.60
29
e
e/2
BOTTOM VIEW
5.30
0.50
PITCH
40X
0.32
DIMENSIONS: MILLIMETERS
*For additional information on our Pb−Free strategy and soldering
details, please download the ON Semiconductor Soldering and
Mounting Techniques Reference Manual, SOLDERRM/D.
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