SM74304 www.ti.com SNVS720A – OCTOBER 2011 – REVISED APRIL 2013 SM74304 High Voltage (80V) Step Down Switching Regulator Check for Samples: SM74304 FEATURES PACKAGE • • • • • • • • 1 2 • • • • • • • Integrated 80V, 0.7A N-Channel Buck Switch Internal HV Vcc Regulator No Control Loop Compensation Required Ultra-Fast Transient Response On Time Varies Inversely with Line Voltage Operating Frequency Nearly Constant with Varying Line Voltage Adjustable Output Voltage Highly Efficient Operation Precision Reference Low Bias Current Intelligent Current Limit Protection Thermal Shutdown External Shutdown Control TYPICAL APPLICATIONS • • • Non-Isolated Buck Regulator Secondary High Voltage Post Regulator Photovoltaic Systems VSSOP-8 WSON-8 (4mm x 4mm) DESCRIPTION The SM74304 Step Down Switching Regulator features all of the functions needed to implement low cost, efficient, Buck bias regulators. This high voltage regulator contains an 80 V, 0.7A N-Channel Buck Switch. The device is easy to apply and is provided in the VSSOP-8 and the thermally enhanced WSON-8 packages. The regulator is based on a hysteretic control scheme using an on time inversely proportional to VIN. This feature allows the operating frequency to remain relatively constant with load and input voltage variations. The hysteretic control requires no control loop compensation, while providing very fast load transient response. An intelligent current limit is implemented in the SM74304 with forced off time that is inversely proportional to VOUT. This current limiting scheme reduces load current foldback. Additional protection features include: Thermal Shutdown, Vcc undervoltage lockout, gate drive undervoltage lockout, and Max Duty Cycle limiter. Connection Diagram 1 8 SW VIN BST VCC RCL RON 2 3 4 7 6 5 RTN FB Figure 1. 8-Lead VSSOP, WSON 1 2 Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright © 2011–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated SM74304 SNVS720A – OCTOBER 2011 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Typical Application Circuit and Block Diagram 7V SERIES REGULATOR 12 - 75V VCC 7 VIN C5 0.1P, 100V C1 1P SM74304 8 SD ON TIMER START R1 200k C3 0.1P THERMAL SHUTDOWN UVLO COMPLETE 6 BST Ron SD/ RON OVER-VOLTAGE COMPARATOR SHUTDOWN + - 2.875V START + FB LEVEL SHIFT RCL S R REGULATION COMPARATOR FB 3 SET CLR 10V Q R3 3.01k COMPLETE + - START CURRENT LIMIT OFF TIMER 4 100P L1 SW 1 Q RCL R2 100k C4 0.01P DRIVER COMPLETE 2.5V 5 VIN UVLO SD 300 ns MIN OFF TIMER 2 0.725A RTN BUCK SWITCH CURRENT SENSE R6 1 D1 R4 1k C2 15P PIN DESCRIPTIONS 2 Pin Name Description 1 SW Switching Node Power switching node. Connect to the LC output filter. Application Information 2 BST Boost Boot–strap capacitor input An external capacitor is required between the BST and the SW pins. A 0.01uF ceramic capacitor is recommended. An internal diode between Vcc and BST completes the Buck gate drive bias network. 3 RCL Current Limit OFF time programming pin Toff = 10-5 / (0.59 + (FB / 7.22 x 10− 6 x RCL)) A resistor between this pin and RTN determines the variation of off time, along with the FB pin voltage, per cycle while in current limit. The off time is preset to 17uS if FB =0V and decreases as the FB pin voltage increases. 4 RTN Circuit Ground 5 FB Feedback Signal from Regulated Output This pin is connected to the inverting input of the internal regulation comparator. The regulation threshold is 2.5V. 6 RON On time set pin Ton = 1.42 x 10-10 RON / Vin A resistor between this pin and Vin sets the switch on time as a function of Vin. The minimum recommended on time is 300ns at the maximum input voltage. 7 Vcc Output from the internal high voltage bias regulator. VCC is nominally regulated to 7 Volts If an auxiliary voltage is available to raise the voltage on this pin, above the regulation setpoint (7V), the internal series pass regulator will shutdown, reducing the IC power dissipation. Do not exceed 14V. This output provides gate drive power for the internal Buck switch. An internal diode is provided between this pin and the BST pin. A local 0.1uF decoupling capacitor is recommended. Series pass regulator is current limited to 10mA. 8 Vin Input supply voltage Recommended operating range: 9V to 75V. - EP Exposed PAD, underside of the WSON package option Internally bonded to the die substrate. Connect to GND potential for low thermal impedance. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: SM74304 SM74304 www.ti.com SNVS720A – OCTOBER 2011 – REVISED APRIL 2013 These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates. Absolute Maximum Ratings (1) (2) VIN to GND 80V BST to GND 94V SW to GND (Steady State) ESD Rating -1V (3) Human Body Model 2kV Machine Model 200V BST to VCC 80V BST to SW 14V VCC to GND 14V All Other Inputs to GND -0.3 to 7V Lead Temperature (Soldering 4 sec) 260°C Storage Temperature Range -55°C to +150°C (1) (2) (3) Absolute Maximum Ratings are limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings are conditions under which operation of the device is intended to be functional. For specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the TI Sales Office/Distributors for availability and specifications. The human body model is a 100pF capacitor discharge through a 1.5kΩ resistor into each pin. The machine model is a 200pF capacitor discharged directly into each pin. The machine model ESD compliance level for Pin 5 is 150V. The human body ESD compliance level for Pin 7 and 8 is 1000V. Operating Ratings (1) (2) VIN 9V to 75V −40°C to + 125°C Junction Temperature (1) (2) Absolute Maximum Ratings are limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings are conditions under which operation of the device is intended to be functional. For specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. For detailed information on soldering plastic VSSOP and WSON packages, refer to the Packaging Data Book available from TI. Electrical Characteristics Specifications with standard typeface are for TJ = 25°C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Junction Temperature range. VIN = 48V, unless otherwise stated (1). Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max 7 7.4 Units Startup Regulator VCC Reg VCC Regulator Output VCC Current Limit (2) 6.6 (2) V 11 mA VCC undervoltage Lockout Voltage (VCC increasing) 6.3 V VCC Undervoltage Hysteresis 206 mV VCC Supply VCC UVLO Delay (filter) (1) (2) 3 µs Operating Current (ICC) Non-Switching, FB = 3V 500 675 µA Shutdown/Standby Current RON = 0V 100 200 µA All electrical characteristics having room temperature limits are tested during production with TA = TJ = 25°C. All hot and cold limits are specified by correlating the electrical characteristics to process and temperature variations and applying statistical process control. The VCC output is intended as a self bias for the internal gate drive power and control circuits. Device thermal limitations limit external loading. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: SM74304 3 SM74304 SNVS720A – OCTOBER 2011 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Electrical Characteristics (continued) Specifications with standard typeface are for TJ = 25°C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Junction Temperature range. VIN = 48V, unless otherwise stated (1). Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units 0.74 1.34 Ω 4.5 5.5 Switch Characteristics Buck Switch Rds(on) ITEST = 200mA, VBST −VSW = 6.3V (3) Gate Drive UVLO (VBST – VSW) Rising 3.4 Gate Drive UVLO Hysteresis 400 V mV Breakdown Voltage VIN to Ground TJ = 25°C TJ = -40°C to +125°C 80 76 V Breakdown Voltage BST to VCC TJ = 25°C TJ = -40°C to +125°C 80 76 V Current Limit Current Limit Threshold 535 Current Limit Response Time Iswitch Overdrive = 0.1A Time to Switch Off OFF time generator (test 1) FB=0V, RCL = 100K OFF time generator (test 2) FB=2.3V, RCL = 100K 725 900 mA 225 ns 17 µs 2.65 µs On Time Generator TON -1 Vin = 10V Ron = 200K 2.15 2.77 3.5 µs TON -2 Vin = 75V Ron = 200K 290 390 490 ns Remote Shutdown Threshold Rising 0.45 0.7 1.1 V Remote Shutdown Hysteresis 40 mV 300 ns Minimum Off Time Minimum Off Timer FB = 0V Regulation and OV Comparators FB Reference Threshold Internal reference Trip point for switch ON FB Over-Voltage Threshold Trip point for switch OFF 2.445 2.5 2.550 V 2.875 V 100 nA Thermal Shutdown Temp. 165 °C Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis 25 °C DGK0008A Package 200 °C/W NGT0008A Package 40 °C/W FB Bias Current Thermal Shutdown Tsd Thermal Resistance θJA (3) 4 Junction to Ambient For devices procurred in the WSON-8 package the Rds(on) limits are specified by design characterization data only. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: SM74304 SM74304 www.ti.com SNVS720A – OCTOBER 2011 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Detailed Operating Description The SM74304 Step Down Switching Regulator features all of the functions needed to implement low cost, efficient, Buck bias regulators. This high voltage regulator contains an 80V, 0.7A N-Channel Buck Switch. The device is easy to apply and is provided in the VSSOP-8 and the thermally enhanced WSON-8 packages. The regulator is based on a hysteretic control scheme using an on time inversely proportional to Vin. This feature allows the operating frequency to remain relatively constant with load and input voltage variations. The hysteretic control requires no control loop compensation, while providing very fast load transient response. An intelligent current limit scheme is implemented in the SM74304 with forced off time, after current limit detection, which is inversely proportional to Vout. This current limiting scheme reduces load current foldback. Additional protection features include: Thermal Shutdown, Vcc undervoltage lockout, Gate drive undervoltage lockout and Max Duty Cycle limiter. The SM74304 can be applied in numerous applications to efficiently regulate step down higher voltage inputs. This regulator is well suited for photovoltaic electronics, 48 Volt Telecom, and the new 42V Automotive power bus ranges. Hysteretic Control Circuit Overview The SM74304 is a Buck DC-DC regulator that uses an on time control scheme. The on time is programmed by an external resistor and varies inversely with line input voltage (Vin). The core regulation elements of the SM74304 are the feedback comparator and the on time one-shot. The regulator output voltage is sensed at the feedback pin (FB) and is compared to an internal reference voltage (2.5V). If the FB signal is below the reference voltage, the buck switch is turned on for a fixed time pulse determined by the line voltage and a programming resistor (RON). Following the on period the switch will remain off for at least the minimum off timer period of 300ns. If the FB pin voltage is still below the reference after the 300ns off time, the switch will turn on again for another on time period. This switching behavior will continue until the FB pin voltage reaches the reference voltage level. The SM74304 operates in discontinuous conduction mode at light load currents or continuous conduction mode at heavier load currents. In discontinuous conduction mode, current through the output inductor starts at zero and ramps up to a peak value during the buck switch on time and then back to zero during the off time. The inductor current remains at zero until the next on time period starts when FB falls below the internal reference. In discontinuous mode the operating frequency can be relatively low and will vary with load. Therefore at light loads the conversion efficiency is maintained, since the switching losses decrease with the reduction in load current and switching frequency. The approximate discontinuous mode operating frequency can be calculated as follows: VOUT2 x L F= 1 x 10-20 x RLoad x (RON)2 (1) In continuous conduction mode, current flows continuously through the inductor and never ramps down to zero. In this mode the operating frequency is greater than the discontinuous mode frequency and remains relatively constant with load and line variations. The approximate continuous mode operating frequency can be calculated as follows: VOUT F= 1.42 x 10-10 x RON (2) The output voltage (Vout) can be programmed by two external resistors as shown in Figure 2. The regulation point can be calculated as follows: æ (R1 + R2 ) ö VOUT = 2.5 ´ ç ÷ ç ÷ R2 è ø (3) The feedback comparator in hysteretic regulators depend upon the output ripple voltage to switch the output transistor on and off at regular intervals. In order for the internal comparator to respond quickly to changes in output voltage, proportional to inductor current, a minimum amount of capacitor Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) is required. A ripple voltage of 25mV to 50mV is recommended at the feedback pin (FB) for stable operation. In cases where the intrinsic capacitor ESR is too small, additional series resistance may be added. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: SM74304 5 SM74304 SNVS720A – OCTOBER 2011 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com For applications where lower output voltage ripple is required the load can be connected directly to the low ESR output capacitor, as shown in Figure 2. The series resistor (R) will degrade the load regulation. Another technique for enhancing the ripple voltage at the FB pin is to place a capacitor in parallel with the feedback divider resistor R1. The addition of the capacitor reduces the attenuation of the ripple voltage from the feedback divider High Voltage Bias Regulator The SM74304 contains an internal high voltage bias regulator. The input pin (Vin) can be connected directly to line voltages from 9 to 75 Volts. To avoid supply voltage transients due to long lead inductances on the input pin (Vin Pin 8), it is always recommended to connect low ESR ceramic chip capacitor (≊ 0.1µF) between "Vin" pin and "RTN" pin (pin 4), located close to SM74304. The regulator is internally current limited to 10mA. Upon power up, the regulator is enabled and sources current into an external capacitor connected to the Vcc pin. When the voltage on the Vcc pin reaches the regulation point of 7V, the controller output is enabled. An external auxiliary supply voltage can be applied to the Vcc pin. If the auxiliary voltage is greater than 7 Volts the internal regulator will essentially shutoff, thus reducing internal power dissipation. VIN L SW R1 + REF 2.5V R FB + R2 VOUT COUT SM74304 Figure 2. Low Ripple Output Configuration 6 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: SM74304 SM74304 www.ti.com SNVS720A – OCTOBER 2011 – REVISED APRIL 2013 7V SERIES REGULATOR VCC + 0.1 PF SELF-BIAS DIODE BST VIN + 0.01 PF SW 10V SM74304 30k + 10k Figure 3. Self Biased Configuration Over-Voltage Comparator The over-voltage comparator is provided to protect the output from overvoltage conditions due to sudden input line voltage changes or output loading changes. The over-voltage comparator monitors the FB pin versus an internal 2.875V reference (OV_REF). If the voltage at FB rises above OV_REF the comparator immediately terminates the buck switch on time pulse. ON Time generator and Shutdown The on time of the SM74304 is set inversely proportional to the input voltage by an external resistor connected between Ron and Vin. The Ron terminal is a low impedance input biased at approximately 1.5V. Thus the current through the resistor and into the Ron terminal is approximately proportional to Vin and used internally to control the on timer. This scheme of input voltage feed-forward hysteretic operation achieves nearly constant operational frequency over varying line and load conditions. The on time equation for the SM74304 is : Ton = 1.42 x 10-10 x RON / VIN (4) The RON pin of the SM74304 also provides a shutdown function which disables the regulator and significantly decreases quiescent power dissipation. By pulling the RON pin to below 0.7V logic threshold activates the low power shutdown mode. The VIN quiescent current in the shutdown mode is approximately 100µA internal to the SM74304 plus the current in the RON resistor. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: SM74304 7 SM74304 SNVS720A – OCTOBER 2011 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com 7V SERIES REGULATOR VIN VIN ON TIMER RON VIN START RON RON COMPLETE STOP RUN SM74304 Figure 4. Shutdown Implementation Current Limit The SM74304 contains an intelligent current limit off timer intended to reduce the foldback characteristic inherent with fixed off-time over-current protection. If the current in the Buck switch exceeds 725mA the present cycle on time is immediately terminated (cycle by cycle current limit). Following the termination of the cycle a nonresetable current limit off timer is initiated. The duration of the off time is a function of the external resistor (RCI) and the FB pin voltage. When the FB pin voltage equals zero, the current limit off time is internally preset to 17uS. This condition occurs in short circuit operation when a maximum amount of off time is required. In cases of overload (not complete short circuit) the current limit off time can be reduced as a function of the output voltage (measured at the FB pin). Reducing the off time with smaller overloads reduces the amount of foldback and also reduces the initial start-up time. The current limit off time for a given FB pin voltage and RCI resistor can be calculated by the following equation: (5) Applications utilizing low resistance inductors and/or a low voltage drop rectifier may require special evaluation at high line, short circuit conditions. In this special case the preset 17uS (FB = 0V) off time may be insufficient to balance the inductor volt*time product. Additional inductor resistance, output resistance or a larger voltage drop rectifier may be necessary to balance the inductor cycle volt*time product and limit the short circuit current. N - Channel Buck Switch and Driver The SM74304 integrates an N-Channel Buck switch and associated floating high voltage gate driver. This gate driver circuit works in conjunction with an external bootstrap capacitor and an internal high voltage diode. The bootstrap capacitor is charged by VCC through the internal high voltage diode. A 0.01uF ceramic capacitor connected between the BST pin and SW pin is recommended. During each cycle when the Buck switch turns off, the SW pin is approximately 0V. When the SW pin voltage is low, the bootstrap capacitor will be charged from Vcc through the internal diode. The minimum off timer, set to 300ns, ensures that there will be a minimum interval every cycle to recharge the bootstrap capacitor. An external re-circulating diode from the SW pin to ground is necessary to carry the inductor current after the internal Buck switch turns off. This external diode must be of the Ultra-fast or Schottky type to reduce turn-on losses and current over-shoot. The reverse voltage rating of the re-circulating diode must be greater than the maximum line input voltage. 8 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: SM74304 SM74304 www.ti.com SNVS720A – OCTOBER 2011 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Thermal Protection Internal Thermal Shutdown circuitry is provided to protect the integrated circuit in the event the maximum junction temperature is exceeded. When thermal protection is activated, typically at 165 degrees Celsius, the controller is forced into a low power reset state, disabling the output driver. This feature is provided to prevent catastrophic failures from accidental device overheating. Minimum Load Current A minimum load current of 1 mA is required to maintain proper operation. If the load current falls below that level, the bootstrap capacitor may discharge during the long off-time, and the circuit will either shutdown, or cycle on and off at a low frequency. If the load current is expected to drop below 1 mA in the application, the feedback resistors should be chosen low enough in value so they provide the minimum required current at nominal Vout. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: SM74304 9 SM74304 SNVS720A – OCTOBER 2011 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS Figure 5. Operational Waveforms SM74304 Operation: VOUT = 10V, VIN = 20V, IOUT = 250mA, CH1: Switch Node, CH2: VOUT (AC), CH4: Inductor Current Figure 6. Operational Waveforms SM74304 Operation: VOUT = 10V, VIN = 75V, IOUT = 250mA, CH1: Switch Node, CH2: VOUT (AC), CH4: Inductor Current 20 100 95 18 VIN = 15V 600k 16 14 85 80 (Ps) T OFF EFFICIENCY (%) 90 VIN = 30V VIN = 50V 75 VIN = 70V 400k 200k 12 10 8 6 70 4 65 2 60 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 100k 0 0.5 50k 0.5 1 V LOAD (A) Figure 7. SM74304 10V Output Efficiency 1.5 FB 2 2.5 (V) Figure 8. Current Limit VFB vs TOFF RCL = 50k -600k 5 4.5 4 (us) T ON 3.5 3 2.5 300k 2 200k 1.5 100k 1 0.5 0 0 10 20 30 40 V IN 50 60 70 80 (V) Figure 9. VIN vs TON RON = 100k, 200k, 300k 10 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: SM74304 SM74304 www.ti.com SNVS720A – OCTOBER 2011 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Table 1. 10V, 400mA Design Bill of Materials ITEM PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION VALUE C1 C4532X7R2A105M CAPACITOR, CER, TDK 1µ, 100V C2 C4532X7R1E156M CAPACITOR, CER, TDK 15µ, 25V C3 C1206C104K5RAC CAPACITOR, CER, KEMET 0.1µ, 50V C4 C1206C103K5RAC CAPACITOR, CER, KEMET 0.01µ, 50V C5 C3216X7R2A104KT CAPACITOR, CER, TDK 0.1µ, 100V D1 MURA110T3 DIODE, 100V, ON SEMI L1 SLF7045T-101MR60-1 BUCK INDUCTOR, TDK 100µH R1 CRCW12062003F RESISTOR 200K R2 CRCW12061003F RESISTOR 100K R3 CRCW12063011F RESISTOR 3.01K R4 CRCW12061001F RESISTOR 1K R5 CRCW12061R00F RESISTOR 1 U1 SM74304 REGULATOR, TI Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: SM74304 11 SM74304 SNVS720A – OCTOBER 2011 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com REVISION HISTORY Changes from Original (April 2013) to Revision A • 12 Page Changed layout of National Data Sheet to TI format .......................................................................................................... 11 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: SM74304 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, enhancements, improvements and other changes to its semiconductor products and services per JESD46, latest issue, and to discontinue any product or service per JESD48, latest issue. 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