ATMEL AT91M42800A-33CJ At91 arm thumb microcontroller Datasheet

Features
• Utilizes the ARM7TDMI® ARM® Thumb® Processor Core
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– High-performance 32-bit RISC Architecture
– High-density 16-bit Instruction Set
– Leader in MIPS/Watt
– Embedded ICE (In-circuit Emulation)
8K Bytes Internal SRAM
Fully Programmable External Bus Interface (EBI)
– Maximum External Address Space of 64M Bytes
– Up to 8 Chip Selects
– Software Programmable 8/16-bit External Data Bus
8-channel Peripheral Data Controller
8-level Priority, Individually Maskable, Vectored Interrupt Controller
– 5 External Interrupts, Including a High-priority, Low-latency Interrupt Request
54 Programmable I/O Lines
6-channel 16-bit Timer/Counter
– 6 External Clock Inputs, 2 Multi-purpose I/O Pins per Channel
2 USARTs
– 2 Dedicated Peripheral Data Controller (PDC) Channels per USART
– Support for up to 9-bit Data Transfers
2 Master/Slave SPI Interfaces
– 2 Dedicated Peripheral Data Controller (PDC) Channels per SPI
– 8- to 16-bit Programmable Data Length
– 4 External Slave Chip Selects per SPI
3 System Timers
– Period Interval Timer (PIT); Real-time Timer (RTT); Watchdog Timer (WDT)
Power Management Controller (PMC)
– CPU and Peripherals Can be Deactivated Individually
Clock Generator with 32.768 kHz Low-power Oscillator and PLL
– Support for 38.4 kHz Crystals
– Software Programmable System Clock (up to 33 MHz)
IEEE® 1149.1 JTAG Boundary Scan on All Active Pins
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz, Internal Frequency Range at VDDCORE = 3.0V,
85° C
2.7V to 3.6V Core and PLL Operating Voltage Range; 2.7V to 5.5V I/O Operating Voltage
Range
-40° C to +85° C Temperature Range
Available in a 144-lead LQFP Package (Green) and a 144-ball BGA Package (RoHS
compliant)
AT91 ARM
Thumb
Microcontrollers
AT91M42800A
Rev. 1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
1. Description
The AT91M42800A is a member of the Atmel AT91 16/32-bit microcontroller family, which is
based on the ARM7TDMI processor core. This processor has a high-performance 32-bit RISC
architecture with a high-density 16-bit instruction set and very low power consumption. In addition, a large number of internally banked registers result in very fast exception handling,
making the device ideal for real-time control applications. The AT91 ARM-based MCU family
also features Atmel’s high-density, in-system programmable, nonvolatile memory technology.
The AT91M42800A has a direct connection to off-chip memory, including Flash, through the
External Bus Interface.
The Power Management Controller allows the user to adjust device activity according to system requirements, and, with the 32.768 kHz low-power oscillator, enables the AT91M42800A
to reduce power requirements to an absolute minimum. The AT91M42800A is manufactured
using Atmel’s high-density CMOS technology. By combining the ARM7TDMI processor core
with on-chip SRAM and a wide range of peripheral functions including timers, serial communication controllers and a versatile clock generator on a monolithic chip, the AT91M42800A
provides a highly flexible and cost-effective solution to many compute-intensive applications.
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AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
2. Pin Configuration
Figure 2-1.
Pin Configuration in TQFP144 Package (Top View)
108
73
109
72
AT91M42800 33AI
144
37
1
Figure 2-2.
36
Pin Configuration in BGA144 Package (Top View)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
J
K
L
M
3
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
Table 1. AT91M42800A Pinout in TQFP 144 Package
4
Pin#
Name
Pin#
Name
Pin#
Name
Pin#
Name
1
GND
37
GND
73
GND
109
GND
2
GND
38
GND
74
GND
110
GND
3
NLB/A0
39
D4
75
PB22/TIOA5
111
PA26
4
A1
40
D5
76
PB23/TIOB5
112
MODE0
5
A2
41
D6
77
PA0/IRQ0
113
XIN
6
A3
42
D7
78
PA1/IRQ1
114
XOUT
7
A4
43
D8
79
PA2/IRQ2
115
GND
8
A5
44
D9
80
PA3/IRQ3
116
PLLRCA
9
A6
45
D10
81
PA4/FIQ
117
VDDPLL
10
A7
46
D11
82
PA5/SCK0
118
PLLRCB
11
A8
47
D12
83
PA6/TXD0
119
VDDPLL
12
VDDIO
48
VDDIO
84
VDDIO
120
VDDIO
13
GND
49
GND
85
GND
121
GND
14
A9
50
D13
86
PA7/RXD0
122
NWDOVF
15
A10
51
D14
87
PA8/SCK1
123
PA27/BMS
16
A11
52
D15
88
PA9/TXD1/NTRI
124
MODE1
17
A12
53
PB6/TCLK0
89
PA10/RXD1
125
TMS
18
A13
54
PB7/TIOA0
90
PA11/SPCKA
126
TDI
19
A14
55
PB8/TIOB0
91
PA12/MISOA
127
TDO
20
A15
56
PB9/TCLK1
92
PA13/MOSIA
128
TCK
21
A16
57
PB10/TIOA1
93
PA14/NPCSA0/NSSA
129
NTRST
22
A17
58
PB11/TIOB1
94
PA15/NPCSA1
130
NRST
23
A18
59
PB12/TCLK2
95
PA16/NPCSA2
131
PA28
24
VDDIO
60
VDDIO
96
VDDIO
132
VDDIO
25
GND
61
GND
97
GND
133
GND
26
A19
62
PB13/TIOA2
98
PA17/NPCSA3
134
PA29/PME
27
PB2/A20/CS7
63
PB14/TIOB2
99
PA18/SPCKB
135
NWAIT
28
PB3/A21/CS6
64
PB15/TCLK3
100
PA19/MISOB
136
NOE/NRD
29
PB4/A22/CS5
65
PB16/TIOA3
101
PA20/MOSIB
137
NWE/NWR0
30
PB5/A23/CS4
66
PB17/TIOB3
102
PA21/NPCSB0/NSSB
138
NUB/NWR1
31
D0
67
PB18/TCLK4
103
PA22/NPCSB1
139
NCS0
32
D1
68
PB19/TIOA4
104
PA23/NPCSB2
140
NCS1
33
D2
69
PB20/TIOB4
105
PA24/NPCSB3
141
PB0/NCS2
34
D3
70
PB21/TCLK5
106
PA25/MCKO
142
PB1/NCS3
35
VDDCORE
71
VDDCORE
107
VDDCORE
143
VDDCORE
36
VDDIO
72
VDDIO
108
VDDIO
144
VDDIO
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
Table 2. AT91M42800A Pinout in BGA 144 Package
Pin#
Name
Pin#
Name
Pin#
Name
Pin#
Name
A1
PB1/NCS3
D1
A2
G1
A17
K1
D1
A2
NCS0
D2
A3
G2
A16
K2
VDDCORE
A3
NCS1
D3
A4
G3
A11
K3
VDDIO
A4
GND
D4
NWAIT
G4
A13
K4
D9
A5
PLLRCB
D5
PA29/PME
G5
GND
K5
D10
A6
GND
D6
PA28
G6
GND
K6
D14
A7
PLLRCA
D7
TCK
G7
GND
K7
PB9/TCLK1
A8
GND
D8
TMS
G8
GND
K8
PB13/TIOA2
A9
XOUT
D9
MODE1
G9
PA9/TXD1/NTRI
K9
PB11/TIOB1
A10
XIN
D10
PA25/MCKO
G10
PA10/RXD1
K10
VDDIO
A11
MODE0
D11
PA21/NPCSB0
G11
PA8/SCK1
K11
PB16/TIOA3
A12
PA22/NPCSB1
D12
PA18/SPCKB
G12
PA7/RXD0
K12
PB23/TIOB5
B1
NUB/NWR1
E1
A7
H1
A18
L1
D3
B2
PB0/NCS2
E2
VDDIO
H2
VDDIO
L2
D2
B3
VDDCORE
E3
A6
H3
A15
L3
D5
B4
NWE/NWR0
E4
A5
H4
A14
L4
D8
B5
VDDPLL
E5
GND
H5
A19
L5
VDDIO
B6
TDO
E6
GND
H6
GND
L6
D13
B7
VDDPLL
E7
GND
H7
GND
L7
PB8/TIOB0
B8
NWDOVF
E8
NTRST
H8
GND
L8
VDDIO
B9
PA26
E9
PA13/MOSIA
H9
PA6/TXD0
L9
PB17/TIOB3
B10
PA19/MISOB
E10
PA16/NPCSA2
H10
PA4/FIQ
L10
VDDCORE
B11
PA24/NPCSB3
E11
VDDIO
H11
VDDIO
L11
PB20/TIOB4
B12
PA23/NPCSB2
E12
PA17/NPCSA3
H12
PA5/SCK0
L12
PB22/TIOA5
C1
NLB/A0
F1
A8
J1
PB5/A23/CS4
M1
D4
C2
A1
F2
A12
J2
D0
M2
D6
C3
VDDIO
F3
A9
J3
PB4/A22/CS5
M3
D7
C4
NOE/NRD
F4
A10
J4
PB3/A21/CS6
M4
D11
C5
VDDIO
F5
GND
J5
PB2/A20/CS7
M5
D12
C6
NRST
F6
GND
J6
D15
M6
PB7/TIOA0
C7
TDI
F7
GND
J7
PB6/TCLK0
M7
PB12/TCLK2
C8
VDDIO
F8
GND
J8
PB10/TIOA1
M8
PB15/TCLK3
C9
PA27/BMS
F9
PA12/MISOA
J9
PA3/IRQ3
M9
PB14/TIOB2
C10
VDDIO
F10
PA15/NPCSA1
J10
PA2/IRQ2
M10
PB18/TCLK4
C11
VDDCORE
F11
PA11/SPCKA
J11
PA0/IRQ0
M11
PB19/TIOA4
C12
PA20/MOSIB
F12
PA14/NPCSA0
J12
PA1/IRQ1
M12
PB21/TCLK5
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1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
3. Pin Description
Table 3. AT91M42800A Pin Description
Module
Type
Active
Level
Output
–
I/O
–
Chip Select
Output
High
NCS0 - NCS3
Chip Select
Output
Low
NWR0
Lower Byte 0 Write Signal
Output
Low
Used in Byte Write option
NWR1
Lower Byte 1 Write Signal
Output
Low
Used in Byte Write option
NRD
Read Signal
Output
Low
Used in Byte Write option
NWE
Write Enable
Output
Low
Used in Byte Select option
NOE
Output Enable
Output
Low
Used in Byte Select option
NUB
Upper Byte Select (16-bit SRAM)
Output
Low
Used in Byte Select option
NLB
Lower Byte Select (16-bit SRAM)
Output
Low
Used in Byte Select option
NWAIT
Wait Input
Input
Low
BMS
Boot Mode Select
Input
–
PME
Protect Mode Enable
Input
High
PIO-controlled after reset
IRQ0 - IRQ3
External Interrupt Request
Input
–
PIO-controlled after reset
FIQ
Fast External Interrupt Request
Input
–
PIO-controlled after reset
TCLK0 - TCLK5
Timer External Clock
Input
–
PIO-controlled after reset
TIOA0 - TIOA5
Multi-purpose Timer I/O Pin A
I/O
–
PIO-controlled after reset
TIOB0 - TIOB5
Multi-purpose Timer I/O Pin B
I/O
–
PIO-controlled after reset
SCK0 - SCK1
External Serial Clock
I/O
–
PIO-controlled after reset
TXD0 - TXD1
Transmit Data Output
Output
–
PIO-controlled after reset
RXD0 - RXD1
Receive Data Input
Input
–
PIO-controlled after reset
SPCKA/SPCKB
Clock
I/O
–
PIO-controlled after reset
MISOA/MISOB
Master In Slave Out
I/O
–
PIO-controlled after reset
MOSIA/MOSIB
Master Out Slave In
I/O
–
PIO-controlled after reset
NSSA/NSSB
Slave Select
Input
Low
PIO-controlled after reset
NPCSA0 - NPCSA3
NPCSB0 - NPCSB3
Peripheral Chip Selects
Output
Low
PIO-controlled after reset
PA0 - PA29
Programmable I/O Port A
I/O
–
Input after reset
PB0 - PB23
Programmable I/O Port B
I/O
–
Input after reset
NWDOVF
Watchdog Timer Overflow
Output
Low
Name
Function
A0 - A23
Address Bus
D0 - D15
Data Bus
CS4 - CS7
Comments
All valid after reset
A23 - A20 after reset
EBI
Sampled during reset
AIC
TC
USART
SPIA
SPIB
PIO
ST
6
Open drain
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
Table 3. AT91M42800A Pin Description (Continued)
Module
CLOCK
Test and
Reset
JTAG/ICE
Emulation
Name
Function
Type
Active
Level
XIN
Oscillator Input or External Clock
Input
–
XOUT
Oscillator Output
Output
–
PLLRCA
RC Filter for PLL A
Input
–
PLLRCB
RC Filter for PLL B
Input
–
MCKO
Clock Output
Output
–
NRST
Hardware Reset Input
Input
Low
MODE0 - MODE1
Mode Selection
Input
TMS
Test Mode Select
Input
–
Schmitt trigger, internal pull-up
TDI
Test Data In
Input
–
Schmitt trigger, internal pull-up
TDO
Test Data Out
Output
–
TCK
Test Clock
Input
–
Schmitt trigger, internal pull-up
NTRST
Test Reset Input
Input
Low
Schmitt trigger, internal pull-up
NTRI
Tri-state Mode Enable
Input
Low
Sampled during reset
VDDIO
I/O Power
Power
–
3V or 5V nominal supply
VDDCORE
Core Power
Power
–
3V nominal supply
VDDPLL
PLL Power
Power
–
3V nominal supply
GND
Ground
Ground
–
Comments
Schmitt trigger
Power
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1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
4. Block Diagram
AT91M42800A
MODE0
MODE1
NRST
Reset
Embedded
ICE
JTAG
JTAG
Selection
NTRST
TMS
TDO
TDI
TCK
D0-D15
ARM7TDMI
Core
A0/NLB
A1-A19
NRD/NOE
NWR0/NWE
NWR1/NUB
NWAIT
NCS0
NCS1
ASB
XIN
XOUT
Internal RAM
8K Bytes
Clock
Generator
PLLRCA
PLLRCB
EBI: External
Bus Interface
Figure 4-1.
PA27/BMS
PA29/PME
ASB
Controller
PA25/MCKO
PA26
PA28
AMBA™ Bridge
PA0/IRQ0
PA1/IRQ1
PA2/IRQ2
PA3/IRQ3
PA4/FIQ
AIC: Advanced
Interrupt Controller
PA5/SCK0
PA6/TXD0
PA7/RXD0
PA8/SCK1
PA9/TXD1/NTRI
PA10/RXD1
PA11/SPCKA
PA12/MISOA
PA13/MOSIA
PA14/NPCSA0/NSSA
PA15/NPCSA1
PA16/NPCSA2
PA17/NPCSA3
PB0/NCS2
PB1/NCS3
PB2/A20/CS7
PB3/A21/CS6
PB4/A22/CS5
PB5/A23/CS4
EBI User
Interface
USART0
2 PDC
Channels
USART1
2 PDC
Channels
TC: Timer/
Counter
Block 0
APB
P
I
O
PA18/SPCKB
PA19/MISOB
PA20/MOSIB
PA21/NPCSB0/NSSB
PA22/NPCSB1
PA23/NPCSB2
PA24/NPCSB3
SPIB: Serial
Peripheral
Interface
2 PDC
Channels
2 PDC
Channels
PB7/TIOA0
PB8/TIOB0
TC0
TC1
TC2
SPIA: Serial
Peripheral
Interface
PB6/TCLK0
PB9/TCLK1
PB12/TCLK2
P
I
O
PB10/TIOA1
PB11/TIOB1
PB13/TIOA2
PB14/TIOB2
TC: Timer/
Counter
Block 1
PB15/TCLK3
PB18/TCLK4
PB21/TCLK5
TC3
PB16/TIOA3
PB17/TIOB3
TC4
PB19/TIOA4
PB20/TIOB4
TC5
PB22/TIOA5
PB23/TIOB5
System
Timers
PMC: Power Management
Controller
Watchdog
NWDOVF
Real-time
Period
Interval
Chip ID
PIO: Parallel I/O Controller
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AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
5. Architectural Overview
The AT91M42800A microcontroller integrates an ARM7TDMI with its embedded ICE interface, memories and peripherals. Its architecture consists of two main buses, the Advanced
System Bus (ASB) and the Advanced Peripheral Bus (APB). Designed for maximum performance and controlled by the memory controller, the ASB interfaces the ARM7TDMI processor
with the on-chip 32-bit memories, the External Bus Interface (EBI) and the AMBA™ Bridge.
The AMBA Bridge drives the APB, which is designed for accesses to on-chip peripherals and
optimized for low power consumption.
The AT91M42800A microcontroller implements the ICE port of the ARM7TDMI processor on
dedicated pins, offering a complete, low-cost and easy-to-use debug solution for target
debugging.
5.1
Memories
The AT91M42800A microcontroller embeds up to 8K bytes of internal SRAM. The internal
memory is directly connected to the 32-bit data bus and is single-cycle accessible. This provides maximum performance of 30 MIPS at 33 MHz by using the ARM instruction set of the
processor. The on-chip memory significantly reduces the system power consumption and
improves its performance over external memory solutions.
The AT91M42800A microcontroller features an External Bus Interface (EBI), which enables
connection of external memories and application-specific peripherals. The EBI supports 8- or
16-bit devices and can use two 8-bit devices to emulate a single 16-bit device. The EBI implements the early read protocol, enabling single clock cycle memory accesses two times faster
than standard memory interfaces.
5.2
Peripherals
The AT91M42800A microcontroller integrates several peripherals, which are classified as system or user peripherals. All on-chip peripherals are 32-bit accessible by the AMBA Bridge, and
can be programmed with a minimum number of instructions. The peripheral register set is
composed of control, mode, data, status and enable/disable/status registers.
An on-chip Peripheral Data Controller (PDC) transfers data between the on-chip
USARTs/SPIs and the on- and off-chip memories without processor intervention. Most importantly, the PDC removes the processor interrupt handling overhead and significantly reduces
the number of clock cycles required for a data transfer. It can transfer up to 64K continuous
bytes without reprogramming the start address. As a result, the performance of the microcontroller is increased and the power consumption reduced.
5.2.1
System Peripherals
The External Bus Interface (EBI) controls the external memory and peripheral devices via an
8- or 16-bit data bus and is programmed through the APB. Each chip select line has its own
programming register.
The Power Management Controller (PMC) optimizes power consumption of the product by
controlling the clocking elements such as the oscillator and the PLLs, system and user peripheral clocks.
The Advanced Interrupt Controller (AIC) controls the internal sources from the internal peripherals and the five external interrupt lines (including the FIQ) to provide an interrupt and/or fast
9
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
interrupt request to the ARM7TDMI. It integrates an 8-level priority controller, and, using the
Auto-vectoring feature, reduces the interrupt latency time.
The Parallel Input/Output Controllers (PIOA, PIOB) controls up to 54 I/O lines. It enables the
user to select specific pins for on-chip peripheral input/output functions, and general-purpose
input/output signal pins. The PIO controllers can be programmed to detect an interrupt on a
signal change from each line.
There are three embedded system timers. The Real-time Timer (RTT) counts elapsed seconds and can generate periodic or programmed interrupts. The Period Interval Timer (PIT)
can be used as a user-programmable time-base, and can generate periodic ticks. The Watchdog (WD) can be used to prevent system lock-up if the software becomes trapped in a
deadlock.
The Special Function (SF) module integrates the Chip ID and the Reset Status registers.
5.2.2
User Peripherals
Two USARTs, independently configurable, enable communication at a high baud rate in synchronous or asynchronous mode. The format includes start, stop and parity bits and up to 9
data bits. Each USART also features a Time-out and a Time-guard register, facilitating the use
of the two dedicated Peripheral Data Controller (PDC) channels.
The two 3-channel, 16-bit Timer/Counters (TC) are highly-programmable and support capture
or waveform modes. Each TC channel can be programmed to measure or generate different
kinds of waves, and can detect and control two input/output signals. Each TC also has three
external clock signals.
Two independently configurable SPIs provide communication with external devices in master
or slave mode. Each has four external chip selects which can be connected to up to 15
devices. The data length is programmable, from 8- to 16-bit.
10
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
6. Associated Documentation
Table 6-1.
Associated Documentation
Information
Document Title
Internal architecture of processor
ARM/Thumb instruction sets
Embedded in-circuit-emulator
ARM7TDMI (Thumb) Datasheet
External memory interface mapping
Peripheral operations
Peripheral user interfaces
AT91M42800A Datasheet (this document)
DC characteristics
Power consumption
Thermal and reliability chonsiderations
AC characteristics
AT91M42800A Electrical Characteristics Datasheet
Product overview
Ordering information
Packaging information
Soldering profile
AT91M42800A Summary Datasheet
7. Product Overview
7.1
Power Supply
The AT91M42800A has three kinds of power supply pins:
• VDDCORE pins that power the chip core
• VDDIO pins that power the I/O lines
• VDDPLL pins that power the oscillator and PLL cells
VDDCORE and VDDIO pins allow core power consumption to be reduced by supplying it with
a lower voltage than the I/O lines. The VDDCORE pins must never be powered at a voltage
greater than the supply voltage applied to the VDDIO.
The VDDPLL pin is used to supply the oscillator and both PLLs. The voltage applied on these
pins is typically 3.3V, and it must not be lower than VDDCORE.
Typical supported voltage combinations are shown in the following table:
Table 1.
Pins
7.2
Nominal Supply Voltages
VDDCORE
3.3V
3.0V or 3.3V
VDDIO
5.0V
3.0V or 3.3V
VDDPLL
3.3V
3.0V or 3.3V
Input/Output Considerations
After the reset, the peripheral I/Os are initialized as inputs to provide the user with maximum
flexibility. It is recommended that in any application phase, the inputs to the AT91M42800A
microcontroller be held at valid logic levels to minimize the power consumption.
11
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
7.3
Operating Modes
The AT91M42800A has two pins dedicated to defining MODE0 and MODE1 operating modes.
These pins allow the user to enter the device in Boundary Scan mode. They also allow the
user to run the processor from the on-chip oscillator output and from an external clock by
bypassing the on-chip oscillator. The last mode is reserved for test purposes. A chip reset
must be performed (NRST and NTRST) after MODE0 and/or MODE1 have been changed.
Table 7-1.
MODE0
MODE1
Operating Mode
0
0
Normal operating mode by using the on-chip oscillator
0
1
Boundary Scan Mode
1
0
Normal operating mode by using an external clock on XIN
1
1
Reserved for test
Warning: The user must take the external oscillator frequency into account so that it is consistent with the minimum access time requested by the memory device used at the boot. Both the
default EBI setting (zero wait state) on Chip Select 0 (See ”Boot on NCS0” on page 29) and
the minimum access time of the boot memory are two parameters that determine this maximum frequency of the external oscillator.
7.4
Clock Generator
The AT91M42800A microcontroller embeds a 32.768 kHz oscillator that generates the Slow
Clock (SLCK). This on-chip oscillator can be bypassed by setting the correct logical level on
the MODE0 and MODE1 pins, as shown above. In this case, SLCK equals XIN.
The AT91M42800A microcontroller has a fully static design and works either on the Master
Clock (MCK), generated from the Slow Clock by means of the two integrated PLLs, or on the
Slow Clock (SLCK).
These clocks are also provided as an output of the device on the pin MCKO, which is multiplexed with a general-purpose I/O line. While NRST is active, and after the reset, the MCKO is
valid and outputs an image of the SLCK signal. The PIO Controller must be programmed to
use this pin as standard I/O line.
7.5
Reset
Reset initializes the user interface registers to their default states as defined in the peripheral
sections of this datasheet and forces the ARM7TDMI to perform the next instruction fetch from
address zero. Except for the program counter, the ARM core registers do not have defined
reset states. When reset is active, the inputs of the AT91M42800A must be held at valid logic
levels. The EBI address lines drive low during reset. All the peripheral clocks are disabled during reset to save power.
7.5.1
NRST Pin
NRST is the active low reset input. It is asserted asynchronously, but exit from reset is synchronized internally to the slow clock (SLCK). At power-up, NRST must be active until the onchip oscillator is stable. During normal operation, NRST must be active for a minimum of 10
SLCK clock cycles to ensure correct initialization.
12
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
The pins BMS and NTRI are sampled during the 10 SLCK clock cycles just prior to the rising
edge of NRST.
The NRST pin has no effect on the on-chip Embedded ICE logic.
7.5.2
NTRST Pin
The NTRST control pin initializes the selected TAP controller. The TAP controller involved in
this reset is determined according to the initial logical state applied on the JTAGSEL pin after
the last valid NRST.
In either Boundary Scan or ICE Mode, a reset can be performed from the same or different circuitry, as shown in Figure 7-1 below. But in all cases, the NTRST like the NRST signal, must
be asserted after each power-up. (See the AT91M42800A Electrical Datasheet, Atmel Lit. No.
1776, for the necessary minimum pulse assertion time.)
Figure 7-1.
Separate or Common Reset Management
Reset
Controller
Reset
Controller
Notes:
NTRST
NTRST
Reset
Controller
NRST
NRST
AT91M42800A
AT91M42800A
(1)
(2)
1. NRST and NTRST handling in Debug Mode during development.
2. NRST and NTRST handling during production.
In order to benefit from the separation of NRST and NTRST during the debug phase of development, the user must independently manage both signals as shown in example (1) of Figure
7-1 above. However, once debug is completed, both signals are easily managed together during production as shown in example (2) of Figure 7-1 above.
7.5.3
Watchdog Reset
The internally generated watchdog reset has the same effect as the NRST pin, except that the
pins BMS and NTRI are not sampled. Boot mode and Tri-state mode are not updated. The
NRST pin has priority if both types of reset coincide.
7.6
7.6.1
Emulation Functions
Tri-state Mode
The AT91M42800A provides a Tri-state mode, which is used for debug purposes in order to
connect an emulator probe to an application board. In Tri-state mode the AT91M42800A continues to function, but all the output pin drivers are tri-stated.
To enter Tri-state mode, the pin NTRI must be held low during the last 10 SLCK clock cycles
before the rising edge of NRST. For normal operation, the pin NTRI must be held high during
reset, by a resistor of up to 400 kΩ. NTRI must be driven to a valid logic value during reset.
NTRI is multiplexed with Parallel I/O PA9 and USART 1 serial data transmit line TXD1.
13
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
Standard RS232 drivers generally contain internal 400 kΩ pull-up resistors. If TXD1 is connected to one of these drivers, this pull-up will ensure normal operation, without the need for
an additional external resistor.
7.6.2
Embedded ICE
ARM standard embedded in-circuit emulation is supported via the JTAG/ICE port. It is connected to a host computer via an embedded ICE Interface.
Embedded ICE mode is selected when MODE1 is low.
It is not possible to switch directly between ICE and JTAG operations. A chip reset must be
performed (NRST and NTRST) after MODE0 and/or MODE1 have/has been changed. The
reset input to the embedded ICE (NTRST) is provided separately to facilitate debug of boot
programs.
7.6.3
7.7
IEEE 1149.1 JTAG Boundary Scan
IEEE 1149.1 JTAG Boundary Scan is enabled when MODE0 is low and MODE1 is high. The
functions SAMPLE, EXTEST and BYPASS are implemented. In ICE Debug mode, the ARM
core responds with a non-JTAG chip ID that identifies the core to the ICE system. This is not
IEEE 1149.1 JTAG compliant. It is not possible to switch directly between JTAG and ICE operations. A chip reset must be performed (NRST and NTRST) after MODE0 and/or MODE1
have/has been changed.
Memory Controller
The ARM7TDMI processor address space is 4G bytes. The memory controller decodes the
internal 32-bit address bus and defines three address spaces:
• Internal Memories in the four lowest megabytes
• Middle Space reserved for the external devices (memory or peripherals) controlled by the
EBI
• Internal Peripherals in the four highest megabytes
In any of these address spaces, the ARM7TDMI operates in little-endian mode only.
7.7.1
Protection Mode
The embedded peripherals can be protected against unwanted access. The PME (Protect
Mode Enable) pin must be tied high and validated in its peripheral operation (PIO Disable) to
enable the protection mode. When enabled, any peripheral access must be done while the
ARM7TDMI is running in Privileged mode (i.e., the accesses in user mode result in an abort).
Only the valid peripheral address space is protected and requests to the undefined addresses
will lead to a normal operation without abort.
7.7.2
Internal Memories
The AT91M42800A microcontroller integrates an 8-Kbyte primary internal SRAM. All internal
memories are 32 bits wide and single-clock cycle accessible. Byte (8-bit), half-word (16-bit) or
word (32-bit) accesses are supported and are executed within one cycle. Fetching Thumb or
ARM instructions is supported and internal memory can store twice as many Thumb instructions as ARM ones.
The SRAM bank is mapped at address 0x0 (after the remap command), and ARM7TDMI
exception vectors between 0x0 and 0x20 that can be modified by the software. The rest of the
14
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1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
bank can be used for stack allocation (to speed up context saving and restoring), or as data
and program storage for critical algorithms.
7.7.3
Boot Mode Select
The ARM reset vector is at address 0x0. After the NRST line is released, the ARM7TDMI executes the instruction stored at this address. This means that this address must be mapped in
non-volatile memory after the reset.
The input level on the BMS pin during the last 10 SLCK clock cycles before the rising edge of
the NRST selects the type of boot memory. The Boot mode depends on BMS (see Table 7-2).
The pin BMS is multiplexed with the I/O line PA27 that can be programmed after reset like any
standard PIO line.
Table 7-2.
BMS
7.7.4
Boot Memory
1
External 8-bit memory NCS0
0
External 16-bit memory on NCS0
Remap Command
The ARM vectors (Reset, Abort, Data Abort, Prefetch Abort, Undefined Instruction, Interrupt,
Fast Interrupt) are mapped from address 0x0 to address 0x20. In order to allow these vectors
to be redefined dynamically by the software, the AT91M42800A microcontroller uses a remap
command that enables switching between the boot memory and the internal SRAM bank
addresses. The remap command is accessible through the EBI User Interface, by writing one
in RCB of EBI_RCR (Remap Control Register). Performing a remap command is mandatory if
access to the other external devices (connected to chip selects 1 to 7) is required. The remap
operation can only be changed back by an internal reset or an NRST assertion.
Notes:
7.7.5
Boot Mode Select
1. NIRQ de-assertion and automatic interrupt clearing if the source is programmed as level
sensitive.
Abort Control
The abort signal providing a Data Abort or a Prefetch Abort exception to the ARM7TDMI is
asserted in the following cases:
• When accessing an undefined address in the EBI address space
• When the ARM7TDMI performs a misaligned access
No abort is generated when reading the internal memory or by accessing the internal peripherals, whether the address is defined or not.
When the processor performs a forbidden write access in a mode-protected peripheral register, the write is cancelled but no abort is generated.
The processor can perform word or half-word data access with a misaligned address when a
register relative load/store instruction is executed and the register contains a misaligned
address. In this case, whether the access is in write or in read, an abort is generated but the
access is not cancelled.
The Abort Status Register traces the source that caused the last abort. The address and the
type of abort are stored in registers of the External Bus Interface.
15
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
7.8
External Bus Interface
The External Bus Interface handles the accesses between addresses 0x0040 0000 and
0xFFC0 0000. It generates the signals that control access to the external devices, and can be
configured from eight 1-Mbyte banks up to four 16-Mbyte banks. In all cases it supports byte,
half-word and word aligned accesses.
For each of these banks, the user can program:
• Number of wait states
• Number of data float times (wait time after the access is finished to prevent any bus
contention in case the device takes too long in releasing the bus)
• Data bus width (8-bit or 16-bit)
• With a 16-bit wide data bus, the user can program the EBI to control one 16-bit device
(Byte Access Select mode) or two 8-bit devices in parallel that emulate a
16-bit memory (Byte Write Access mode).
The External Bus Interface features also the Early Read Protocol, configurable for all the
devices, that significantly reduces access time requirements on an external device.
8. Peripherals
The AT91M42800A peripherals are connected to the 32-bit wide Advanced Peripheral Bus.
Peripheral registers are only word accessible. Byte and half-word accesses are not supported.
If a byte or a half-word access is attempted, the memory controller automatically masks the
lowest address bits and generates a word access.
Each peripheral has a 16-Kbyte address space allocated (the AIC only has a 4-Kbyte address
space).
8.0.1
Peripheral Registers
The following registers are common to all peripherals:
• Control Register – Write-only register that triggers a command when a one is written to the
corresponding position at the appropriate address. Writing a zero has no effect.
• Mode Register – read/write register that defines the configuration of the peripheral. Usually
has a value of 0x0 after a reset.
• Data Registers – read and/or write register that enables the exchange of data between the
processor and the peripheral.
• Status Register – Read-only register that returns the status of the peripheral.
• Enable/Disable/Status Registers are shadow command registers. Writing a one in the
Enable Register sets the corresponding bit in the Status Register. Writing a one in the
Disable Register resets the corresponding bit and the result can be read in the Status
Register. Writing a bit to zero has no effect. This register access method maximizes the
efficiency of bit manipulation, and enables modification of a register with a single noninterruptible instruction, replacing the costly read-modify-write operation.
Unused bits in the peripheral registers are shown as “–” and must be written at 0 for upward
compatibility. These bits read 0.
8.0.2
16
Peripheral Interrupt Control
The Interrupt Control of each peripheral is controlled from the status register using the interrupt mask. The status register bits are ANDed to their corresponding interrupt mask bits and
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
the result is then ORed to generate the Interrupt Source signal to the Advanced Interrupt
Controller.
The interrupt mask is read in the Interrupt Mask Register and is modified with the Interrupt
Enable Register and the Interrupt Disable Register. The enable/disable/status (or mask)
makes it possible to enable or disable peripheral interrupt sources with a non-interruptible single instruction. This eliminates the need for interrupt masking at the AIC or Core level in realtime and multi-tasking systems.
8.0.3
Peripheral Data Controller
The AT91M42800A has an 8-channel PDC dedicated to the two on-chip USARTs and to the
two on-chip SPIs. One PDC channel is connected to the receiving channel and one to the
transmitting channel of each peripheral.
The user interface of a PDC channel is integrated in the memory space of each USART channel and in the memory space of each SPI. It contains a 32-bit address pointer register and a
16-bit count register. When the programmed data is transferred, an end-of-transfer interrupt is
generated by the corresponding peripheral. See Section 17. ”USART: Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter” on page 121 and Section 19. ”SPI: Serial
Peripheral Interface” on page 177 for more details on PDC operation and programming.
8.1
8.1.1
System Peripherals
PMC: Power Management Controller
The AT91M42800A’s Power Management Controller optimizes the power consumption of the
device. The PMC controls the clocking elements such as the oscillator and the PLLs, and the
System and the Peripheral Clocks. It also controls the MCKO pin and permits to the user to
select four different signals to be driven on this pin.
The AT91M42800A has the following clock elements:
• The oscillator providing a clock that depends on the crystal fundamental frequency
connected between the XIN and XOUT pins
• PLL A providing a low-to-middle frequency clock range
• PLL B providing a middle-to-high frequency range
• The Clock prescaler
• The ARM Processor Clock controller
• The Peripheral Clock controller
• The Master Clock Output controller
The on-chip low-power oscillator together with the PLL-based frequency multiplier and the
prescaler results in a programmable clock between 500 Hz and 66 MHz. It is the responsibility
of the user to make sure that the PMC programming does not result in a clock over the acceptable limits.
8.1.2
ST: System Timer
The System Timer module integrates three different free-running timers:
• A Period Interval Timer setting the base time for an Operating System.
17
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
• A Watchdog Timer that is built around a 16-bit counter, and is used to prevent system lockup if the software becomes trapped in a deadlock. It can generate an internal reset or
interrupt, or assert an active level on the dedicated pin NWDOVF.
• A Real-time Timer counting elapsed seconds.
These timers count using the Slow Clock. Typically, this clock has a frequency of 32768 Hz.
8.1.3
AIC: Advanced Interrupt Controller
The AT91M42800A has an 8-level priority, individually maskable, vectored interrupt controller.
This feature substantially reduces the software and real-time overhead in handling internal
and external interrupts.
The interrupt controller is connected to the NFIQ (fast interrupt request) and the NIRQ (standard interrupt request) inputs of the ARM7TDMI processor. The processor’s NFIQ line can
only be asserted by the external fast interrupt request input: FIQ. The NIRQ line can be
asserted by the interrupts generated by the on-chip peripherals and the external interrupt
request lines: IRQ0 to IRQ3.
The 8-level priority encoder allows the customer to define the priority between the different
NIRQ interrupt sources.
Internal sources are programmed to be level sensitive or edge triggered. External sources can
be programmed to be positive or negative edge triggered or high- or low-level sensitive.
8.1.4
PIO: Parallel I/O Controller
The AT91M42800A has 54 programmable I/O lines. I/O lines are multiplexed with an external
signal of a peripheral to optimize the use of available package pins. These lines are controlled
by two separate and identical PIO Controllers called PIOA and PIOB. Each PIO controller also
provides an internal interrupt signal to the Advanced Interrupt Controller and insertion of a simple input glitch filter on any of the PIO pins.
8.1.5
SF: Special Function
The AT91M42800A provides registers that implement the following special functions.
• Chip Identification
• RESET Status
8.2
8.2.1
User Peripherals
USART: Universal Synchronous/
Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter
The AT91M42800A provides two identical, full-duplex, universal synchronous/asynchronous
receiver/transmitters that interface to the APB and are connected to the Peripheral Data
Controller.
The main features are:
• Programmable Baud Rate Generator with External or Internal Clock, as well as Slow Clock
• Parity, Framing and Overrun Error Detection
• Line Break Generation and Detection
• Automatic Echo, Local Loopback and Remote Loopback channel modes
• Multi-drop mode: Address Detection and Generation
18
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1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
• Interrupt Generation
• Two Dedicated Peripheral Data Controller channels
• 5-, 6-, 7-, 8- and 9-bit character length
8.2.2
TC: Timer/Counter
The AT91M42800A features two Timer/Counter blocks, each containing three identical 16-bit
Timer/Counter channels. Each channel can be independently programmed to perform a wide
range of functions including frequency measurement, event counting, interval measurement,
pulse generation, delay timing and pulse-width modulation.
Each Timer/Counter (TC) channel has 3 external clock inputs, 5 internal clock inputs, and 2
multi-purpose input/output signals that can be configured by the user. Each channel drives an
internal interrupt signal that can be programmed to generate processor interrupts via the AIC
(Advanced Interrupt Controller).
The Timer/Counter block has two global registers that act upon all three TC channels. The
Block Control Register allows the three channels to be started simultaneously with the same
instruction. The Block Mode Register defines the external clock inputs for each Timer/Counter
channel, allowing them to be chained.
Each Timer/Counter block operates independently and has a complete set of block and channel registers.
8.2.3
SPI: Serial Peripheral Interface
The AT91M42800A includes two SPIs that provide communication with external devices in
Master or Slave mode. They are independent, and are referred to by the letters A and B. Each
SPI has four external chip selects that can be connected to up to 15 devices. The data length
is programmable from 8- to 16-bit.
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1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
9. Memory Map
Figure 9-1.
AT91M42800A Memory Map before Remap Command
Address
Function
Size
Protection(1)
Abort Control
On-chip
Peripherals
4M Bytes
Privileged
Yes
On-chip SRAM
1M Byte
No
No
Reserved
On-chip
Device
1M Byte
No
No
1M Byte
No
No
1M Byte
No
No
0xFFFFFFFF
0xFFC00000
0xFFBFFFFF
Reserved
0x00400000
0x003FFFFF
0x00300000
0x002FFFFF
0x00200000
0x001FFFFF
Reserved
On-chip
Device
0x00100000
0x000FFFFF
External
Devices Selected
by NCS0
0x00000000
Note:
20
1. The ARM core modes are defined in the ARM7TDMI Datasheet. Privileged is a non-user
mode. The protection is active only if Protect mode is enabled.
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
Figure 9-2.
AT91M42800A Memory Map after Remap Command
Address
Size
Protection(1)
Abort Control
4M Bytes
Privileged
Yes
External
Devices
(up to 8)
Up to 8 Devices
Programmable Page Size
1, 4, 16, 64M Bytes
No
Yes
Reserved
1M Byte
No
No
Reserved
On-chip
Device
1M Byte
No
No
1M Byte
No
No
1M Byte
No
No
Function
0xFFFFFFFF
On-chip
Peripherals
0xFFC00000
0xFFBFFFFF
0x00400000
0x003FFFFF
0x00300000
0x002FFFFF
0x00200000
0x001FFFFF
Reserved
On-chip
Device
0x00100000
0x000FFFFF
On-chip RAM
0x00000000
Note:
1. The ARM core modes are defined in the ARM7TDMI Datasheet. Privileged is a non-user
mode. The protection is active only if Protect mode is enabled.
21
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
10. Peripheral Memory Map
Figure 10-1. AT91M42800A Peripheral Memory Map
Address
Peripheral
Peripheral Name
Size
Protection
AIC
Advanced Interrupt Controller
4K Bytes
Privileged
0xFFFFFFFF
0xFFFFF000
0xFFFFEFFF
0xFFFFC000
Reserved
0xFFFFBFFF
ST
System Timer
16K Bytes
Privileged
PMC
Power Management Controller
16K Bytes
Privileged
PIOB
Parallel I/O Controller B
16K Bytes
Privileged
PIOA
Parallel I/O Controller A
16K Bytes
Privileged
0xFFFF8000
0xFFFF7FFF
0xFFFF4000
0xFFFF3FFF
0xFFFF0000
0xFFFEFFFF
0xFFFEC000
0xFFFEBFFF
0xFFFD8000
Reserved
0xFFFD7FFF
TC1
Timer Counter 1
Channels 3, 4 and 5
16K Bytes
Privileged
TC0
Timer Counter 0
Channels 0,1 and 2
16K Bytes
Privileged
SPIB
Serial Peripheral Interface B
16K Bytes
Privileged
SPIA
Serial Peripheral Interface A
16K Bytes
Privileged
USART1
Universal Synchronous/
Asynchronous
Receiver/Transmitter 1
16K Bytes
Privileged
USART0
Universal Synchronous/
Asynchronous
Receiver/Transmitter 0
16K Bytes
Privileged
16K Bytes
Privileged
16K Bytes
Privileged
0xFFFD4000
0xFFFD3FFF
0xFFFD0000
0xFFFCFFFF
0xFFFCC000
0xFFFCBFFF
0xFFFC8000
0xFFFC7FFF
0xFFFC4000
0xFFFC3FFF
0xFFFC0000
0xFFFBFFFF
0xFFF04000
Reserved
0xFFF03FFF
SF
Special Function
0xFFF00000
0xFFEFFFFF
0xFFF04000
Reserved
0xFFE03FFF
EBI
External Bus Interface
0xFFE00000
0xFFDFFFFF
0xFFD00000
Note:
22
Reserved
1. The ARM core modes are defined in the ARM7TDMI Datasheet. Privileged is a non-user
mode. The protection is active only if Protect mode is enabled.
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
11. EBI: External Bus Interface
The EBI handles the access requests performed by the ARM core or the PDC. It generates the
signals that control the access to the external memory or peripheral devices. The EBI is fully
programmable and can address up to 64M bytes. It has eight chip selects and a 24-bit address
bus, the upper four bits of which are multiplexed with a chip select.
The 16-bit data bus can be configured to interface with 8- or 16-bit external devices. Separate
read and write control signals allow for direct memory and peripheral interfacing.
The EBI supports different access protocols allowing single clock cycle memory accesses.
The main features are:
• External memory mapping
• Up to 8 chip select lines
• 8- or 16-bit data bus
• Byte write or byte select lines
• Remap of boot memory
• Two different read protocols
• Programmable wait state generation
• External wait request
• Programmable data float time
The EBI User Interface is described on page 48.
11.1
External Memory Mapping
The memory map associates the internal 32-bit address space with the external 24-bit
address bus.
The memory map is defined by programming the base address and page size of the external
memories (see registers EBI_CSR0 to EBI_CSR7 in Section 11.13 ”EBI User Interface” on
page 48). Note that A0 - A23 is only significant for 8-bit memory; A1 - A23 is used for 16-bit
memory.
If the physical memory device is smaller than the programmed page size, it wraps around and
appears to be repeated within the page. The EBI correctly handles any valid access to the
memory device within the page (see Figure 11-1 on page 24).
In the event of an access request to an address outside any programmed page, an abort signal is generated. Two types of abort are possible: instruction prefetch abort and data abort.
The corresponding exception vector addresses are 0x0000000C and 0x00000010, respectively. It is up to the system programmer to program the error handling routine to use in case of
an abort (see the ARM7TDMI datasheet for further information).
The chip selects can be defined to the same base address and an access to the overlapping
address space asserts both NCS lines. The Chip Select Register, having the smaller number,
defines the characteristics of the external access and the behaviour of the control signals.
23
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
Figure 11-1. External Memory Smaller than Page Size
Base + 4M Bytes
1M Byte Device
Hi
Repeat 3
Low
Base + 3M Bytes
1M Byte Device
Memory
Map
Hi
Repeat 2
Low
Base + 2M Bytes
1M Byte Device
Hi
Repeat 1
Low
Base + 1M Byte
1M Byte Device
Hi
Low
Base
11.2
Abort Status
When an abort is generated, the EBI_AASR (Abort Address Status Register) and the
EBI_ASR (Abort Status Register) provide the details of the source causing the abort. Only the
last abort is saved and registers are left in the last abort status. After the reset, the registers
are initialized to 0.
The following are saved:
In EBI_AASR:
• The address at which the abort is generated
In EBI_ASR:
• Whether or not the processor has accessed an undefined address in the EBI address
space
• Whether or not the processor required an access at a misaligned address
• The size of the access (byte, word or half-word)
• The type of the access (read, write or code fetch)
11.3
EBI Behavior During Internal Accesses
When the ARM core performs accesses in the internal memories or the embedded peripherals, the EBI signals behave as follows:
• The address lines remain at the level of the last external access.
• The data bus is tri-stated.
• The control signals remain in an inactive state.
24
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
11.4
Pin Description
Table 11-1.
External Bus Interface Pin Description
Name
Description
Type
A0 - A23
Address bus
Output
D0 - D15
Data bus
NCS0 - NCS3
Active low chip selects
Output
CS4 - CS7
Active high chip selects
Output
NRD
Read Enable
Output
NWR0 - NWR1
Lower and upper write enable
Output
NOE
Output enable
Output
NWE
Write enable
Output
NUB, NLB
Upper and lower byte select
Output
NWAIT
Wait request
Input
PME
Protection Mode Enabled
Input
Table 11-2.
EBI Multiplexed Signals
Multiplexed Signals
Functions
A23 - A20
CS4 - CS7
Allows from 4 to 8 chip select lines to be used
A0
NLB
8- or 16-bit data bus
NRD
NOE
Byte-write or byte select access
NWR0
NWE
Byte-write or byte select access
NWR1
NUB
Byte-write or byte select access
11.5
I/O
Chip Select Lines
The EBI provides up to eight chip select lines:
• Chip select lines NCS0 - NCS3 are dedicated to the EBI (not multiplexed).
• Chip select lines CS4 - CS7 are multiplexed with the top four address lines A23 - A20.
By exchanging address lines for chip select lines, the user can optimize the EBI to suit the
external memory requirements: more external devices or larger address range for each
device.
The selection is controlled by the ALE field in EBI_MCR (Memory Control Register). The following combinations are possible:
A20, A21, A22, A23 (configuration by default)
A20, A21, A22, CS4
A20, A21, CS5, CS4
A20, CS6, CS5, CS4
CS7, CS6, CS5, CS4
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1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
Figure 11-2. Memory Connections for Four External Devices(1)
NCS0 - NCS3
NCS3
NRD
EBI
Memory Enable
NCS2
NWRx
NCS1
A0 - A23
Memory Enable
Memory Enable
NCS0
Memory Enable
D0 - D15
Output Enable
Write Enable
A0 - A23
8 or 16
Notes:
D0 - D15 or D0 - D7
1. For four external devices, the maximum address space per device is 16M bytes.
Figure 11-3. Memory Connections for Eight External Devices(1)
CS4 - CS7
NCS0 - NCS3
CS7
NRD
EBI
CS6
NWRx
CS5
A0 - A19
CS4
D0 - D15
NCS3
NCS2
NCS1
NCS0
Memory Enable
Memory Enable
Memory Enable
Memory Enable
Memory Enable
Memory Enable
Memory Enable
Memory Enable
Output Enable
Write Enable
A0 - A19
8 or 16
Notes:
11.6
D0 - D15 or D0 - D7
1. For eight external devices, the maximum address space per device is 1M byte.
Data Bus Width
A data bus width of 8 or 16 bits can be selected for each chip select. This option is controlled
by the DBW field in the EBI_CSR (Chip Select Register) for the corresponding chip select.
Figure 11-4 shows how to connect a 512K x 8-bit memory on NCS2.
26
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
Figure 11-4. Memory Connection for an 8-bit Data Bus
D0 - D7
D0 - D7
D8 - D15
A1 - A18
EBI
A0
A1 - A18
A0
NWR1
NWR0
NRD
NCS2
Write Enable
Output Enable
Memory Enable
Figure 11-5 shows how to connect a 512K x 16-bit memory on NCS2.
Figure 11-5. Memory Connection for a 16-bit Data Bus
EBI
D0 - D7
D0 - D7
D8 - D15
D8 - D15
A1 - A19
A0 - A18
NLB
Low Byte Enable
NUB
High Byte Enable
NWE
Write Enable
NOE
Output Enable
NCS2
11.7
Memory Enable
Byte Write or Byte Select Access
Each chip select with a 16-bit data bus can operate with one of two different types of write
access:
• Byte Write Access supports two byte write and a single read signal.
• Byte Select Access selects upper and/or lower byte with two byte select lines, and separate
read and write signals.
This option is controlled by the BAT field in the EBI_CSR (Chip Select Register) for the corresponding chip select.
Byte Write Access is used to connect 2 x 8-bit devices as a 16-bit memory page.
• The signal A0/NLB is not used.
• The signal NWR1/NUB is used as NWR1 and enables upper byte writes.
• The signal NWR0/NWE is used as NWR0 and enables lower byte writes.
• The signal NRD/NOE is used as NRD and enables half-word and byte reads.
Figure 11-6 shows how to connect two 512K x 8-bit devices in parallel on NCS2.
27
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
Figure 11-6. Memory Connection for 2 x 8-bit Data Buses
D0 - D7
D0 - D7
D8 - D15
EBI
A1 - A19
A0 - A18
A0
NWR1
NWR0
Write Enable
NRD
Read Enable
NCS2
Memory Enable
D8 - D15
A0 - A18
Write Enable
Read Enable
Memory Enable
Byte Select Access is used to connect 16-bit devices in a memory page.
• The signal A0/NLB is used as NLB and enables the lower byte for both read and write
operations.
• The signal NWR1/NUB is used as NUB and enables the upper byte for both read and write
operations.
• The signal NWR0/NWE is used as NWE and enables writing for byte or half-word.
• The signal NRD/NOE is used as NOE and enables reading for byte or half-word.
Figure 11-7 shows how to connect a 16-bit device with byte and half-word access (e.g., 16-bit
SRAM) on NCS2.
Figure 11-7. Connection for a 16-bit Data Bus with Byte and Half-word Access
EBI
D0 - D7
D0 - D7
D8 - D15
D8 - D15
A1 - A19
A0 - A18
NLB
Low Byte Enable
NUB
High Byte Enable
NWE
Write Enable
NOE
Output Enable
NCS2
Memory Enable
Figure 11-8 shows how to connect a 16-bit device without byte access (e.g., Flash) on NCS2.
28
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
Figure 11-8. Connection for a 16-bit Data Bus without Byte Write Capability
EBI
D0 - D7
D0 - D7
D8 - D15
D8 - D15
A1 - A19
A0 - A18
NLB
NUB
NWE
Write Enable
NOE
Output Enable
NCS2
11.8
Memory Enable
Boot on NCS0
Depending on the device and the BMS pin level during the reset, the user can select either an
8-bit or 16-bit external memory device connected on NCS0 as the Boot memory. In this case,
EBI_CSR0 (Chip Select Register 0) is reset at the following configuration for chip select 0:
• 8 wait states (WSE = 0 - wait states disabled)
• 8-bit or 16-bit data bus width, depending on BMS
Byte access type and number of data float time are set to Byte Write Access and 0,
respectively.
Before the remap command, the user can modify the chip select 0 configuration, programming
the EBI_CSR0 with the exact Boot memory characteristics. The base address becomes effective after the remap command.
Warning: In the internal oscillator bypass mode described in ”Operating Modes” on page 12,
the user must take the external oscillator frequency into account according to the minimum
access time on the boot memory device.
As illustration, the following table gives examples of oscillator frequency limits according to the
time access without using NWAIT pin at the boot.
Chip Select Assertion to Output Data Valid
Maximum Delay in Read Cycle (tCE in ns)
110
7
90
9
70
11
55
14
25
24
Note:
11.9
External Oscillator
Frequency Limit (MHz)
Values take only tCE into account.
Read Protocols
The EBI provides two alternative protocols for external memory read access: standard and
early read. The difference between the two protocols lies in the timing of the NRD (read cycle)
waveform.
29
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
The protocol is selected by the DRP field in EBI_MCR (Memory Control Register) and is valid
for all memory devices. Standard read protocol is the default protocol after reset.
Note:
11.9.1
In the following waveforms and descriptions, NRD represents NRD and NOE since the two signals have the same waveform. Likewise, NWE represents NWE, NWR0 and NWR1 unless
NWR0 and NWR1 are otherwise represented. ADDR represents A0 - A23 and/or
A1 - A23.
Standard Read Protocol
Standard read protocol implements a read cycle in which NRD and NWE are similar. Both are
active during the second half of the clock cycle. The first half of the clock cycle allows time to
ensure completion of the previous access as well as the output of address and NCS before the
read cycle begins.
During a standard read protocol, external memory access, NCS is set low and ADDR is valid
at the beginning of the access while NRD goes low only in the second half of the master clock
cycle to avoid bus conflict (see Figure 11-9).
Figure 11-9. Standard Read Protocol
MCKI
ADDR
NCS
NRD
or
NWE
NWE is the same in both protocols. NWE always goes low in the second half of the master
clock cycle (see Figure 11-11 on page 31).
11.9.2
30
Early Read Protocol
Early read protocol provides more time for a read access from the memory by asserting NRD
at the beginning of the clock cycle. In the case of successive read cycles in the same memory,
NRD remains active continuously. Since a read cycle normally limits the speed of operation of
the external memory system, early read protocol can allow a faster clock frequency to be
used. However, an extra wait state is required in some cases to avoid contentions on the
external bus.
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
Figure 11-10. Early Read Protocol
MCKI
ADDR
NCS
NRD
or
NWE
11.9.3
Early Read Wait State
In early read protocol, an early read wait state is automatically inserted when an external write
cycle is followed by a read cycle to allow time for the write cycle to end before the subsequent
read cycle begins (see Figure 11-11). This wait state is generated in addition to any other programmed wait states (i.e., data float wait).
No wait state is added when a read cycle is followed by a write cycle, between consecutive
accesses of the same type or between external and internal memory accesses.
Early read wait states affect the external bus only. They do not affect internal bus timing.
Figure 11-11. Early Read Wait State
Write Cycle
Early Read Wait
Read Cycle
MCKI
ADDR
NCS
NRD
NWE
11.10 Write Data Hold Time
During write cycles in both protocols, output data becomes valid after the falling edge of the
NWE signal and remains valid after the rising edge of NWE, as illustrated in Figure 11-12. The
external NWE waveform (on the NWE pin) is used to control the output data timing to guarantee this operation.
31
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
It is therefore necessary to avoid excessive loading of the NWE pins, which could delay the
write signal too long and cause a contention with a subsequent read cycle in standard
protocol.
Figure 11-12. Data Hold Time
MCKI
ADDR
NWE
Data Output
In early read protocol the data can remain valid longer than in standard read protocol due to
the additional wait cycle which follows a write access.
11.11 Wait States
The EBI can automatically insert wait states. The different types of wait states are listed below:
• Standard wait states
• Data float wait states
• External wait states
• Chip select change wait states
• Early Read wait states (as described in ”Read Protocols” on page 29)
11.11.1
Standard Wait States
Each chip select can be programmed to insert one or more wait states during an access on
the corresponding device. This is done by setting the WSE field in the corresponding
EBI_CSR. The number of cycles to insert is programmed in the NWS field in the same
register.
Below is the correspondence between the number of standard wait states programmed and
the number of cycles during which the NWE pulse is held low:
0 wait states
1/2 cycle
1 wait state
1 cycle
For each additional wait state programmed, an additional cycle is added.
32
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
Figure 11-13. One Wait State Access
1 Wait State Access
MCKI
ADDR
NCS
NWE
NRD
Notes:
11.11.2
(1)
(2)
1. Early Read Protocol
2. Standard Read Protocol
Data Float Wait State
Some memory devices are slow to release the external bus. For such devices, it is necessary
to add wait states (data float waits) after a read access before starting a write access or a read
access to a different external memory.
The data float output time (tDF) for each external memory device is programmed in the TDF
field of the EBI_CSR register for the corresponding chip select. The value (0 - 7 clock cycles)
indicates the number of data float waits to be inserted and represents the time allowed for the
data output to go high impedance after the memory is disabled.
Data float wait states do not delay internal memory accesses. Hence, a single access to an
external memory with long tDF will not slow down the execution of a program from internal
memory.
The EBI keeps track of the programmed external data float time during internal accesses, to
ensure that the external memory system is not accessed while it is still busy.
Internal memory accesses and consecutive accesses to the same external memory do not
have added data float wait states.
33
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
Figure 11-14. Data Float Output Time
MCKI
ADDR
NCS
NRD
(1)
(2)
tDF
D0-D15
Notes:
11.11.3
1. Early Read Protocol
2. Standard Read Protocol
External Wait
The NWAIT input can be used to add wait states at any time. NWAIT is active low and is
detected on the rising edge of the clock.
If NWAIT is low at the rising edge of the clock, the EBI adds a wait state and changes neither
the output signals nor its internal counters and state. When NWAIT is de-asserted, the EBI finishes the access sequence.
The NWAIT signal must meet setup and hold requirements on the rising edge of the clock.
Figure 11-15. External Wait
MCKI
ADDR
NWAIT
NCS
NWE
NRD
Notes:
34
(1)
(2)
1. Early Read Protocol
2. Standard Read Protocol
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
11.11.4
Chip Select Change Wait States
A chip select wait state is automatically inserted when consecutive accesses are made to two
different external memories (if no wait states have already been inserted). If any wait states
have already been inserted, (e.g., data float wait) then none are added.
Figure 11-16. Chip Select Wait
Mem 1
Chip Select Wait
Mem 2
MCKI
NCS1
NCS2
NRD
(1)
(2)
NWE
Notes:
1. Early Read Protocol
2. Standard Read Protocol
35
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
11.12 Memory Access Waveforms
Figures 11-17 through 11-20 show examples of the two alternative protocols for external
memory read access.
36
D0 - D15 (Mem 2)
D0 - D15 (AT91)
D0 - D15 (Mem1)
NCS2
NCS1
NWE
NRD
A0-A23
MCKI
Read Mem 1
Write Mem 1
tWHDX
Read Mem 1
chip select
change wait
Read Mem 2
Write Mem 2
tWHDX
Read Mem 2
Figure 11-17. Standard Read Protocol without tDF
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
Write
Mem 1
Early Read
Wait Cycle
Read
Mem 1
Read
Mem 2
Write
Mem 2
Early Read
Wait Cycle
Read
Mem 2
MCKI
A0 - A23
NRD
NWE
NCS1
Figure 11-18. Early Read Protocol without tDF
Read
Mem 1
Chip Select
Change Wait
NCS2
D0 - D15 (AT91)
Long tWHDX
D0 - D15 (Mem 2)
long tWHDX
37
AT91M42800A
D0 - D15 (Mem 1)
38
Write
Mem 1
Read Mem 1
Data
Float Wait
Read
Mem 2
Read
Mem 2 Data
Float Wait
MCKI
A0 - A23
NRD
NWE
NCS1
NCS2
tDF
tDF
D0 - D15 (Mem 1)
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
D0 - D15 (AT91)
tWHDX
D0 - 15 (Mem 2)
tDF
Write
Mem 2
Write
Mem 2
Write
Mem 2
Figure 11-19. Standard Read Protocol with tDF
AT91M42800A
Read Mem 1
Data
Float Wait
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
Write
Mem 1
Early
Read Wait
Read Mem 1
Data
Float Wait
Read
Mem 2
Read Mem 2
Data
Float Wait
MCKI
A0 - A23
NRD
Write
Mem 2
Write
Mem 2
Write
Mem 2
Figure 11-20. Early Read Protocol with tDF
Read Mem 1
Data
Float Wait
NWE
NCS1
NCS2
tDF
tDF
D0 - D15 (AT91)
tWHDX
D0 - D15 (Mem 2)
tDF
39
AT91M42800A
D0 - D15 (Mem 1)
Figures 11-21 through 11-27 show the timing cycles and wait states for read and write access
to the various AT91M42800A external memory devices. The configurations described are
shown in the following table:
Table 11-3.
40
Memory Access Waveforms
Figure Number
Number of Wait States
Bus Width
Size of Data Transfer
11-21
0
16
Word
11-22
1
16
Word
11-23
1
16
Half-word
11-24
0
8
Word
11-25
1
8
Half-word
11-26
1
8
Byte
11-27
0
16
Byte
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
Figure 11-21. 0 Wait States, 16-bit Bus Width, Word Transfer
MCKI
A1 - A23
ADDR+1
ADDR
NCS
NLB
NUB
READ ACCESS
· Standard Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
B2B1
Internal Bus
B 4 B3
X X B 2 B1
B4 B 3 B 2 B 1
· Early Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
B2 B1
B 4 B3
WRITE ACCESS
· Byte Write/
Byte Select Option
NWE
D0 - D15
B2 B1
B 4 B3
41
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
Figure 11-22. 1 Wait State, 16-bit Bus Width, Word Transfer
1 Wait State
1 Wait State
MCKI
A1 - A23
ADDR+1
ADDR
NCS
NLB
NUB
READ ACCESS
· Standard Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
B2 B1
Internal Bus
B4 B3
X X B2 B1
B4 B3 B2 B1
· Early Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
B2B1
B4B3
WRITE ACCESS
· Byte Write/
Byte Select Option
NWE
D0 - D15
42
B2B1
B4B3
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
Figure 11-23. 1 Wait State, 16-bit Bus Width, Half-word Transfer
1 Wait State
MCKI
A1 - A23
NCS
NLB
NUB
READ ACCESS
· Standard Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
Internal Bus
B2 B1
X X B 2 B1
· Early Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
B2 B1
WRITE ACCESS
· Byte Write/
Byte Select Option
NWE
D0 - D15
B2 B1
43
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
Figure 11-24. 0 Wait States, 8-bit Bus Width, Word Transfer
MCKI
A0 - A23
ADDR+1
ADDR
ADDR+2
ADDR+3
NCS
READ ACCESS
· Standard Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
Internal Bus
X B1
X B2
X B3
X B4
X X X B1
X X B 2 B1
X B 3 B2 B1
B4 B 3 B2 B 1
X B1
X B2
X B3
X B4
· Early Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
WRITE ACCESS
NWR0
NWR1
D0 - D15
44
X B1
X B2
X B3
X B4
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
Figure 11-25. 1 Wait State, 8-bit Bus Width, Half-word Transfer
1Wait State
1 Wait State
MCKI
A0 - A23
ADDR
ADDR+1
NCS
READ ACCESS
· Standard Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
X B1
Internal Bus
X B2
X X X B1
X X B 2 B1
· Early Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
X B1
X B2
WRITE ACCESS
NWR0
NWR1
D0 - D15
X B1
X B2
45
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
Figure 11-26. 1 Wait State, 8-bit Bus Width, Byte Transfer
1 Wait State
MCKI
A0 - A23
NCS
READ ACCESS
· Standard Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
XB1
Internal Bus
X X X B1
· Early Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
X B1
WRITE ACCESS
NWR0
NWR1
D0 - D15
46
X B1
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
Figure 11-27. 0 Wait States, 16-bit Bus Width, Byte Transfer
MCKI
A1 - A23
ADDR X X X 0
ADDR X X X 0
Internal Address
ADDR X X X 0
ADDR X X X 1
NCS
NLB
NUB
READ ACCESS
· Standard Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
X B1
B2X
X X X B1
Internal Bus
X X B2X
· Early Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
XB1
B2X
B1B1
B2B2
WRITE ACCESS
· Byte Write Option
NWR0
NWR1
D0 - D15
· Byte Select Option
NWE
47
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
11.13 EBI User Interface
The EBI is programmed using the registers listed in Table 11-4. The Remap Control Register
(EBI_RCR) controls exit from Boot mode (see ”Boot on NCS0” on page 29). The Memory Control Register (EBI_MCR) is used to program the number of active chip selects and data read
protocol. Eight Chip Select Registers (EBI_CSR0 to EBI_CSR7) are used to program the
parameters for the individual external memories. Each EBI_CSR must be programmed with a
different base address, even for unused chip selects.
The Abort Status registers indicate the access address (EBI_AASR) and the reason for the
abort (EBI_ASR).
Base Address: 0xFFE00000 (Code Label EBI_BASE)
Table 11-4.
Offset
Register
Name
Access
Reset State
0x00
Chip Select Register 0
EBI_CSR0
Read/Write
0x0000201E(1)
0x0000201D(2)
0x04
Chip Select Register 1
EBI_CSR1
Read/Write
0x10000000
0x08
Chip Select Register 2
EBI_CSR2
Read/Write
0x20000000
0x0C
Chip Select Register 3
EBI_CSR3
Read/Write
0x30000000
0x10
Chip Select Register 4
EBI_CSR4
Read/Write
0x40000000
0x14
Chip Select Register 5
EBI_CSR5
Read/Write
0x50000000
0x18
Chip Select Register 6
EBI_CSR6
Read/Write
0x60000000
0x1C
Chip Select Register 7
EBI_CSR7
Read/Write
0x70000000
0x20
Remap Control Register
EBI_RCR
Write-only
–
0x24
Memory Control Register
EBI_MCR
Read/Write
0
0x28
Reserved
–
–
–
0x2C
Reserved
–
–
–
0x30
Abort Status Register
EBI_ASR
Read-only
0x0
0x34
Address Abort Status
Register
EBI_AASR
Read-only
0x0
Notes:
48
EBI Memory Map
1. 8-bit boot (if BMS is detected high)
2. 16-bit boot (if BMS is detected low)
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
11.14 EBI Chip Select Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Reset Value:
Absolute Address:
31
EBI_CSR0 - EBI_CSR7
Read/Write
See Table 11-4
0xFFE00000 - 0xFFE0001C
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
10
9
BA
23
22
21
20
BA
15
14
13
12
–
–
CSEN
BAT
7
6
5
4
PAGES
–
WSE
11
8
TDF
3
2
PAGES
1
NWS
0
DBW
• DBW: Data Bus Width
DBW
Data Bus Width
Code Label: EBI_DBW
0
0
Reserved
–
0
1
16-bit data bus width
EBI_DBW_16
1
0
8-bit data bus width
EBI_DBW_8
1
1
Reserved
–
Number of Standard Wait States
Code Label: EBI_NWS
• NWS: Number of Wait States
This field is valid only if WSE is set.
NWS
0
0
0
1
EBI_NWS_1
0
0
1
2
EBI_NWS_2
0
1
0
3
EBI_NWS_3
0
1
1
4
EBI_NWS_4
1
0
0
5
EBI_NWS_5
1
0
1
6
EBI_NWS_6
1
1
0
7
EBI_NWS_7
1
1
1
8
EBI_NWS_8
• WSE: Wait State Enable (Code Label EBI_WSE)
0 = Wait state generation is disabled. No wait states are inserted.
1 = Wait state generation is enabled.
49
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
• PAGES: Page Size
PAGES
Page Size
Active Bits in Base Address
Code Label: EBI_PAGES
0
0
1M Byte
12 Bits (31 - 20)
EBI_PAGES_1M
0
1
4M Bytes
10 Bits (31 - 22)
EBI_PAGES_4M
1
0
16M Bytes
8 Bits (31 - 24)
EBI_PAGES_16M
1
1
64M Bytes
6 Bits (31 - 26)
EBI_PAGES_64M
Number of Cycles Added after the Transfer
Code Label: EBI_TDF
• TDF: Data Float Output Time
TDF
0
0
0
0
EBI_TDF_0
0
0
1
1
EBI_TDF_1
0
1
0
2
EBI_TDF_2
0
1
1
3
EBI_TDF_3
1
0
0
4
EBI_TDF_4
1
0
1
5
EBI_TDF_5
1
1
0
6
EBI_TDF_6
1
1
1
7
EBI_TDF_7
• BAT: Byte Access Type
BAT
Selected BAT
Code Label: EBI_BAT
0
Byte-write access type
EBI_BAT_BYTE_WRITE
1
Byte-select access type
EBI_BAT_BYTE_SELECT
• CSEN: Chip Select Enable (Code Label EBI_CSEN)
0 = Chip select is disabled.
1 = Chip select is enabled.
• BA: Base Address (Code Label EBI_BA)
These bits contain the highest bits of the base address. If the page size is larger than 1M byte, the unused bits of the base
address are ignored by the EBI decoder.
50
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
11.15 EBI Remap Control Register
Register Name:
EBI_RCR
Access Type:
Write-only
Absolute Address: 0xFFE00020
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
RCB
• RCB: Remap Command Bit (Code Label EBI_RCB)
0 = No effect.
1 = Cancels the remapping (performed at reset) of the page zero memory devices.
51
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
11.16 EBI Memory Control Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Reset Value:
Absolute Address:
EBI_MCR
Read/Write
See Table 11-4
0xFFE00024
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
DRP
–
ALE
• ALE: Address Line Enable
This field determines the number of valid address lines and the number of valid chip select lines.
ALE
Valid Address Bits
Maximum Addressable Space
Valid Chip Select
Code Label: EBI_ALE
0
X
X
A20, A21, A22, A23
16M Bytes
None
EBI_ALE_16M
1
0
0
A20, A21, A22
8M Bytes
CS4
EBI_ALE_8M
1
0
1
A20, A21
4M Bytes
CS4, CS5
EBI_ALE_4M
1
1
0
A20
2M Bytes
CS4, CS5, CS6
EBI_ALE_2M
1
1
1
None
1M Byte
CS4, CS5, CS6, CS7
EBI_ALE_1M
• DRP: Data Read Protocol
DRP
52
Selected DRP
Code Label: EBI_DRP
0
Standard read protocol for all external memory devices enabled
EBI_DRP_STANDARD
1
Early read protocol for all external memory devices enabled
EBI_DRP_EARLY
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
11.17 Abort Status Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
Reset Value:
EBI_ASR
Read-only
0x30
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
–
–
PDC
ARM
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
MISADD
UNDADD
ABTTYP
8
ABTSZ
• UNDADD: Undefined Address Abort Status
0 = The last abort is not due to the access of an undefined address in the EBI address space.
1 = The last abort is due to the access of an undefined address in the EBI address space.
• MISADD: Misaligned Address Abort Status
0 = During the last aborted access, the address required by the core was not unaligned.
1 = During the last aborted access, the address required by the core was unaligned.
• ABTSZ: Abort Size Status
This bit provides the size of the aborted access required by the core.
ABTSZ
Abort Size
0
0
Byte
0
1
Half-word
1
0
Word
1
1
Reserved
• ABTTYP: Abort Type Status
This bit provides the type of the aborted access required by the core.
ABTTYP
Abort Size
0
0
Data read
0
1
Data write
1
0
Code fetch
1
1
Reserved
• ARM: Abort Induced by the ARM Core
0 = The last abort is not due to the ARM core.
1 = The last abort is due to the ARM core.
• PDC: Abort Induced by the Peripheral Data Controller
0 = The last abort is not due to the Peripheral Data controller.
1 = The last abort is due to the Peripheral Data controller.
53
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
11.18 Abort Address Status Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
Reset Value:
31
EBI_AASR
Read-only
0x34
0x0
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
ABTADD
23
22
21
20
ABTADD
15
14
13
12
ABTADD
7
6
5
4
ABTADD
• ABTADD: Abort Address
This field contains the address required by the last aborted access.
54
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
12. PMC: Power Management Controller
The AT91M42800A’s Power Management Controller optimizes the power consumption of the
device. The PMC controls the clocking elements such as the oscillator and the PLLs, and the
System and the Peripheral Clocks. It also controls the MCKO pin and enables the user to
select four different signals to be driven on this pin.
The AT91M42800A has the following clock elements:
• The oscillator, which provides a clock that depends on the crystal fundamental frequency
connected between the XIN and XOUT pins
• PLL A, which provides a low-to-middle frequency clock range
• PLL B, which provides a middle-to-high frequency range
• The Clock prescaler
• The System Clock controller
• The Peripheral Clock controller
• The Master Clock Output controller
The on-chip low-power oscillator together with the PLL-based frequency multiplier and the
prescaler results in a programmable clock between 500 Hz and 66 MHz. It is the responsibility
of the user to make sure that the PMC programming does not result in a clock over the acceptable limits.
Figure 12-1. Oscillator, PLL and Clock Sources
XIN
XOUT
32 kHz
Oscillator
Slow Clock (SLCK)
Main Clock (MCK)
ARM Core Clock
PLLRCA
PLLA
PLLRCB
PLLB
Power
Management
Controller
Peripheral
Clocks
User Interface
APB Bus
12.1
Oscillator and Slow Clock
The integrated oscillator generates the Slow Clock. It is designed for use with a 32.768 kHz
fundamental crystal. A 38.4 kHz crystal can be used. The bias resistor is on-chip and the oscillator integrates an equivalent load capacitance equal to 10 pF.
55
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
Figure 12-2. Slow Clock
XIN
32 kHz
Oscillator
XOUT
SLCK
Slow Clock
To operate correctly, the crystal must be as close to the XIN and XOUT pins as possible. An
external variable capacitor can be added to adjust the oscillator frequency.
Figure 12-3. Crystal Location
GND
GROUND
PLANE
C
XIN
XOUT
12.2
Master Clock
The Master Clock (MCK) is generated from the Slow Clock by means of one of the two integrated PLLs and the prescaler.
Figure 12-4. Master Clock
MUL
PLLCOUNT
PLLRCA
PLLA
PLL Lock Timer
PLLS(1)
Lock
MUL
CSS
PLLRCB
PRES
PLLB
Prescaler
SLCK
Slow Clock
Source
Clock
Note:
12.2.1
56
MCK
Master Clock
1. Value written at reset and not subsequently programmable.
Phase Locked Loops
Two PLLs are integrated in the AT91M42800A in order to cover a larger frequency range.
Both PLLs have a Slow Clock input and a dedicated pin (PLLRCA or PLLRCB), which must
have appropriate capacitors and resistors. The capacitors and resistors serve as a second
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
order filter. The PLLRC pin (A or B) that corresponds to the PLL that is disabled may be
grounded if capacitors and resistors need to be saved.
Figure 12-5. PLL Capacitors and Resistors
PLLRC
PLL
R
C2
C
GND
Typical values for the two PLLs are shown below:
PLLA:
FSCLK = 32.768 kHz
Fout_PLLA = 16.776 MHz
R = 1600 Ohm
C = 100 nF
C2 = 10 nF
With these parameters, the output frequency is stable (±10%) in 600 µs. This settling time is
the value to be programmed in the PLLCOUNT field of PMC_CGMR. The maximum frequency
overshoot during this phase is 22.5 MHz.
PLLB:
FSCLK = 32.768 kHz
Fout_PLLB = 33.554 MHz
R = 800 Ohm
C = 1 µF
C2 = 100 nF
With these parameters, the output frequency is stable (±10%) in 4 ms. This settling time is the
value to be programmed in the PLLCOUNT field of PMC_CGMR. The maximum frequency
overshoot during this phase is 38 MHz.
12.2.2
PLL Selection
The required PLL must be selected at the first writing access and cannot be changed after
that. The PLLS bit in PMC_CGMR (Clock Generator Mode Register) determines which PLL
module is activated. The other PLL is disabled in order to reduce power consumption and can
only be activated by another reset. Writing in PMC_CGMR with a different value has no effect.
12.2.3
Source Clock Selection
The bit CSS in PMC_CGMR selects the Slow Clock or the output of the activated PLL as the
Source Clock of the prescaler. After reset, the CSS field is 0, selecting the Slow Clock as
Source Clock.
When switching from Slow Clock to PLL Output, the Source Clock takes effect after 3 Slow
Clock cycles plus 2.5 PLL output signal cycles. This is a maximum value.
57
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
When switching from PLL Output to Slow Clock, the switch takes effect after 3.5 Slow Clock
cycles plus 2.5 PLL output signal cycles. This is a maximum value.
12.2.4
PLL Programming
Once the PLL is selected, the output of the active PLL is a multiple of the Slow Clock, determined by the MUL field of the PMC_CGMR. The value of the multiply factor can be up to 2048.
The multiplication factor is the programmed value plus one (MUL+1).
Each time PMC_CGMR is written with a MUL value different from the existing one, the LOCK
bit in PMC_SR is automatically cleared and the PLL Lock Timer is started (see Section 12.2.5
”PLL Lock Timer” on page 58). The LOCK bit is set when the PLL Lock Timer reaches 0.
If a null value is programmed in the MUL field, the PLL is automatically disabled and bypassed
to save power. The LOCK bit in PMC_SR is also automatically cleared.
The time during which the LOCK bit is cleared is user programmable in the field PLLCOUNT in
PMC_CGMR. The user must load this parameter with a value depending on the active PLL
and its start-up time or the frequency shift performed.
As long as the LOCK bit is 0, the PLL is automatically bypassed and its output is the Slow
Clock. This means:
• A switch from the PLL output to the Slow Clock and the associated delays, when the PLL is
locked.
• A switch from the Slow Clock to the PLL output and the associated delays, when the LOCK
bit is set.
12.2.5
PLL Lock Timer
The Power Management Controller of the AT91M42800A integrates a dedicated 8-bit timer for
the locking time of the PLL. This timer is loaded with the value written in PLLCOUNT each
time the value in the field MUL changes. At the same time, the LOCK bit in PMC_SR is
cleared, and the PLL is bypassed.
The timer counts down the value written in PLLCOUNT on the Slow Clock. The countdown
value ranges from 30 µs to 7.8 ms.
When the PLL Lock Timer reaches 0, the LOCK bit is set and can provide an interrupt.
The PLLCOUNT field is defined by the user, and depends on the current state of the PLL
(unlocked or locked), the targeted output frequency and the filter implemented on the PLLRC
pin.
12.2.6
Prescaler
The Clock Source (Slow Clock or PLL output) selected through the CSS field (Clock Source
Select) in PMC_CGMR can be divided by 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 or 64. The default divider after a
reset is 1. The output of the prescaler is called Master Clock (MCK).
When the prescaler value is modified, the new defined Master Clock is effective after a maximum delay of 64 Source Clock cycles.
12.3
Master Clock Output Controller
The clock output on MCKO pin can be selected to be the Slow Clock, the Master Clock, the
Master Clock inverted or the Master Clock divided by two through the MCKOSS field (Master
Clock Output Source Select) in PMC_CGMR. The MCKO pad can be put in Tri-state mode to
58
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
save power consumption by setting the bit MCKODS (Master Clock Output Disable) in
PMC_CGMR. After a reset the MCKO pin is enabled and is driven by the Slow Clock.
Figure 12-6. Master Clock Output
MCKOSS
SLCK
Slow Clock
MCKODS
MCKO
Master Clock Output
MCK
Master Clock
12.4
Divide by 2
ARM Processor Clock Controller
The AT91M42800A has only one System Clock. It can be enabled and disabled by writing the
System Clock Enable (PMC_SCER) and System Clock Disable Registers (PMC_SCDR). The
status of this clock (at least for debug purpose) can be read in the System Clock Status Register (PMC_SCSR).
The system clock is enabled after a reset and is automatically re-enabled by any enabled
interrupt.
When the system clock is disabled, the current instruction is finished before the clock is
stopped.
Note:
Stopping the ARM core does not prevent PDC transfers.
Figure 12-7. System Clock Control
PMC_SCDR
Set
PMC_SCSR
Idle
Mode
Register
NIRQ
NFIQ
12.5
System
Clock
Clear
MCK
Master Clock
Peripheral Clock Controller
The clock of each peripheral integrated in the AT91M42800A can be individually enabled and
disabled by writing into the Peripheral Clock Enable (PMC_PCER) and Peripheral Clock Disable (PMC_PCDR) registers. The status of the peripheral clock activity can be read in the
Peripheral Clock Status Register (PMC_PCSR).
59
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
When a peripheral clock is disabled, the clock is immediately stopped. When the clock is reenabled, the peripheral resumes action where it left off. The peripheral clocks are automatically disabled after a reset.
In order to stop a peripheral, it is recommended that the system software waits until the peripheral has executed its last programmed operation before disabling the clock. This is to avoid
data corruption or erroneous behavior of the system.
Note:
The bits defined to control the Peripheral Clocks correspond to the bits controlling the Interrupt
Sources in the Interrupt Controller.
Figure 12-8. Peripheral Clock Control
MCK
Master Clock
Peripheral
Clock Y
Peripheral
Clock X
PMC_PCER
Set
PMC_PCSR
Clear
Y
X
PMC_PCDR
60
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
12.6
PMC User Interface
Base Address:
0xFFFF4000 (Code Label PMC_BASE)
Table 4. PMC Registers
Offset
Register Name
Register
Mnemonic
Access
0x00
System Clock Enable Register
PMC_SCER
Write-only
–
0x04
System Clock Disable Register
PMC_SCDR
Write-only
–
0x08
System Clock Status Register
PMC_SCSR
Read-only
0x00000001
0x0C
Reserved
–
–
–
0x10
Peripheral Clock Enable Register
PMC_PCER
Write-only
–
0x14
Peripheral Clock Disable Register
PMC_PCDR
Write-only
–
0x18
Peripheral Clock Status Register
PMC_PCSR
Read-only
0x00000000
0x1C
Reserved
–
–
0x20
Clock Generator Mode Register
PMC_CGMR
Read/Write
0x24
Reserved
–
–
–
0x28
Reserved
–
–
–
0x2C
Reserved
–
–
–
0x30
Status Register
PMC_SR
Read-only
0x00000000
0x34
Interrupt Enable Register
PMC_IER
Write-only
–
0x38
Interrupt Disable Register
PMC_IDR
Write-only
–
0x3C
Interrupt Mask Register
PMC_IMR
Read-only
0x00000000
Reset Value
–
0x00000000
61
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
12.7
PMC System Clock Enable Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
PMC_SCER
Write-only
0x00
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
CPU
• CPU: System Clock Enable
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the System Clock.
62
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1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
12.8
PMC System Clock Disable Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
PMC_SCDR
Write-only
0x04
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
CPU
• CPU: System Clock Disable
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the System Clock.
12.9
PMC System Clock Status Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
Reset Value:
PMC_SCSR
Read-only
0x08
0x01
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
CPU
• CPU: System Clock Status
0 = System Clock is disabled.
1 = System Clock is enabled.
63
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
12.10 PMC Peripheral Clock Enable Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
PMC_PCER
Write-only
0x10
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
––
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
PIOB
PIOA
–
TC5
TC4
TC3
TC2
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TC1
TC0
SPIB
SPIA
US1
US0
–
–
• Peripheral Clock Enable
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the peripheral clock.
12.11 PMC Peripheral Clock Disable Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
PMC_PCDR
Write-only
0x14
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
PIOB
PIOA
–
TC5
TC4
TC3
TC2
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TC1
TC0
SPIB
SPIA
US1
US0
–
–
• Peripheral Clock Disable
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the peripheral clock.
64
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1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
12.12 PMC Peripheral Clock Status Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
Reset Value:
PMC_PCSR
Read-only
0x1C
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
PIOB
PIOA
–
TC5
TC4
TC3
TC2
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TC1
TC0
SPIB
SPIA
US1
US0
–
–
• Peripheral Clock Status
0 = Peripheral clock is disabled.
1 = Peripheral clock is enabled.
65
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
12.13 PMC Clock Generator Mode Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
Reset Value:
PMC_CGMR
Read/Write
0x20
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
18
25
24
17
16
PLLCOUNT
23
22
21
20
19
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
MUL
11
10
3
2
9
8
1
0
MUL
7
6
CSS
MCKODS
5
4
MCKOSS
PLLS
PRES
• PRES: Prescaler Selection
PRES
Prescaler Selected
Code Label PMC_PRES
0
0
0
None. The Prescaler is bypassed.
PMC_PRES_NONE
0
0
1
Divide by 2
PMC_PRES_DIV2
0
1
0
Divide by 4
PMC_PRES_DIV4
0
1
1
Divide by 8
PMC_PRES_DIV8
1
0
0
Divide by 16
PMC_PRES_DIV16
1
0
1
Divide by 32
PMC_PRES_DIV32
1
1
0
Divide by 64
PMC_PRES_DIV64
1
1
1
Reserved
–
• PLLS: PLL Selection
0 = The PLL A with 5 - 20 MHz output range is selected as PLL source. (Code Label PMC_PLL_A)
• 1 = The PLL B with 20 - 80 MHz output range is selected as PLL source. (Code Label PMC_PLL_B)
Note:
This bit can be written only once after the reset. Any write of a different value than this one written the first time has no effect on
the bit.
• MCKOSS: Master Clock Output Source Selection
MCKOSS
Master Clock Output Source Select
Code Label: PMC_MCKOSS
0
0
Slow Clock
PMC_MCKOSS_SLCK
0
1
Master Clock
PMC_MCKOSS_MCK
1
0
Master Clock inverted
PMC_MCKOSS_MCKINV
1
1
Master Clock divided by 2
PMC_MCKOSS_MCK_DIV2
• MCKODS: Master Clock Output Disable (Code Label PMC_MCKO_DIS)
0 = The pin MCKO is driven with the clock selected by MCKOSS.
1 = The pin MCKO is tri-stated.
66
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1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
• CSS: Clock Source Selection
0 = The clock source is the Slow Clock.
1 = The clock source is the output of the PLL.
• MUL: Phase Lock Loop Factor
0 = The PLL is disabled, reducing at the minimum its power consumption.
1 up to 2047 = The PLL output is at frequency (MUL+1) x Slow Clock frequency when the LOCK bit is set.
• PLLCOUNT: PLL Lock Counter
Specifies the number of 32,768 Hz clock cycles for the PLL lock timer to count before the PLL is locked, after the PLL is
started.
67
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
12.14 PMC Status Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
Reset Value:
PMC_SR
Read-only
0x30
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
LOCK
• LOCK: PLL Lock Status
0 = The PLL output signal is not stabilized.
1 = The PLL output signal is stabilized.
68
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1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
12.15 PMC Interrupt Enable Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
PMC_IER
Write-only
0x34
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
LOCK
• LOCK: PLL Lock Interrupt Enable
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the PLL Lock Interrupt.
12.16 PMC Interrupt Disable Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
PMC_IDR
Write-only
0x38
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
LOCK
• LOCK: PLL Lock Interrupt Disable
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the PLL Lock Interrupt.
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12.17 PMC Interrupt Mask Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
Reset Value:
PMC_IMR
Read-only
0x3C
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
LOCK
• LOCK: PLL Lock Interrupt Mask
0 = The PLL Lock Interrupt is disabled.
1 = The PLL Lock Interrupt is enabled.
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13. ST: System Timer
The System Timer module integrates three different free-running timers:
• A Period Interval Timer setting the base time for an Operating System.
• A Watchdog Timer having capabilities to reset the system in case of software deadlock.
• A Real-time Timer counting elapsed seconds.
These timers count using the Slow Clock. Typically, this clock has a frequency of 32.768 kHz.
Figure 13-1. System Timer Module
SLCK
Slow Clock
STIRQ
System Timer Interrupt
System
Timer
Module
NWDOVF
APB
Interface
13.1
PIT: Period Interval Timer
The Period Interval Timer can be used to provide periodic interrupts for use by operating systems. It is built around a 16-bit down counter, which is preloaded by a value programmed in
ST_PIMR (Period Interval Mode Register). When the PIT counter reaches 0, the bit PITS is
set in ST_SR (Status Register), and an interrupt is generated, if it is enabled.
The counter is then automatically reloaded and restarted. Writing to the ST_PIMR at any time
immediately reloads and restarts the down counter with the new programmed value.
Figure 13-2. Period Interval Timer
PIV
Period Interval
Value
SLCK
Slow Clock
Note:
13.2
16-bit
Down Counter
PITS
Period Interval
Timer Status
If ST_PIMR is programmed with a period less or equal to the current MCK period, the update of
the PITS status bit and its associated interrupt generation are unpredictable.
WDT: Watchdog Timer
The Watchdog Timer can be used to prevent system lock-up if the software becomes trapped
in a deadlock.
It is built around a 16-bit down counter loaded with the value defined in ST_WDMR (Watchdog
Mode Register). It uses the Slow Clock divided by 128. This allows the maximum watchdog
period to be 256 seconds (with a typical Slow Clock of 32.768 kHz).
In normal operation, the user reloads the watchdog at regular intervals before the timer overflow occurs. This is done by writing to the ST_CR (Control Register) with the bit WDRST set.
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If an overflow does occur, the Watchdog Timer:
• Sets the WDOVF in ST_SR (Status Register) from which an interrupt can be generated
• Generates a pulse for 8 slow clock cycles on the external signal NWDOVF if the bit EXTEN
in ST_WDMR is set
• Generates an internal reset if the parameter RSTEN in ST_WDMR is set
• Reloads and restarts the down counter
Writing the ST_WDMR does not reload or restart the down counter. When the ST_CR is written the watchdog is immediately reloaded from ST_WDMR and restarted. The slow clock 128
divider is also immediately reset and restarted. When the ARM7TDMI enters debug mode, the
output of the slow clock divider stops, preventing any internal or external reset during the
debugging phase.
Figure 13-3. Watchdog Timer
WV
Watchdog Value
SLCK
Slow Clock
1/128
16-bit Down
Counter
WDOVF
Watchdog Overflow
RSTEN - Reset Enable
WDRST
Watchdog Restart
Internal Reset
EXTEN- External Signal Enable
NWDOVF
13.3
RTT: Real-time Timer
The Real-time Timer can be used to count elapsed seconds. It is built around a 20-bit counter
fed by the Slow Clock divided by a programmable value. At reset this value is set to 0x8000,
corresponding to feeding the real-time counter with a 1 Hz signal when the Slow Clock is
32.768 Hz. The 20-bit counter can count up to 1048576 seconds, corresponding to more than
12 days, then roll over to 0.
The Real-time Timer value can be read at any time in the register ST_CRTR (Current Realtime Register). As this value can be updated asynchronously to the Master Clock, it is advisable to read this register twice at the same value to improve accuracy of the returned value.
This current value of the counter is compared with the value written in the Alarm Register
ST_RTAR (Real-time Alarm Register). If the counter value matches the alarm, the bit ALMS in
ST_SR is set. The Alarm Register is set to its maximum value, corresponding to 0, after a
reset.
The bit RTTINC in ST_SR is set each time the 20-bit counter is incremented. This bit can be
used to start an interrupt, or generate a one-second signal.
Writing the ST_RTMR immediately reloads and restarts the clock divider with the new programmed value. This also resets the 20-bit counter.
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Figure 13-4. Real-time Timer
RTPRES
Real Time Prescalar
SLCK
Slow Clock
16-bit
Divider
RTTINC
Real-time Timer
Increment
20-bit
Counter
=
ALMV
Alarm Value
Note:
ALMS
Alarm Status
If RTPRES is programmed with a period less or equal to the current MCK period, the update of
the RTTINC and ALMS status bits and their associated interrupt generation are unpredictable.
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13.4
System Timer User Interface
System Timer Base Address: 0xFFFF8000
Table 5. System Timer Registers
Offset
Register Name
Register
Mnemonic
Access
0x00
Control Register
ST_CR
W
0x04
Period Interval Mode Register
ST_PIMR
R/W
0x00000000(1)
0x08
Watchdog Mode Register
ST_WDMR
R/W
0x00020000(1)
0x0C
Real-time Mode Register
ST_RTMR
R/W
0x00008000
0x10
Status Register
ST_SR
R
–
0x14
Interrupt Enable Register
ST_IER
W
–
0x18
Interrupt Disable Register
ST_IDR
W
–
0x1C
Interrupt Mask Register
ST_IMR
R
0x0
0x20
Real-time Alarm Register
ST_RTAR
R/W
0x0
0x24
Current Real-time Register
ST_CRTR
R
0x0
Note:
1. Corresponds to maximum value of the counter.
13.5
System Timer Control Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
Reset Value
–
ST_CR
Write-only
0x00
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
WDRST
• WDRST: Watchdog Timer Restart
0 = No effect.
1 = Reload the start-up value in the Watchdog Timer.
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13.6
System Timer Period Interval Mode Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
Reset Value:
ST_PIMR
Read/Write
0x04
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
PIV
7
6
5
4
PIV
• PIV: Period Interval Value
Defines the value loaded in the 16-bit counter of the Period Interval Timer. The maximum period is obtained by programming PIV at 0x0 corresponding to 65536 Slow Clock cycles.
13.7
System Timer Watchdog Mode Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
Reset Value:
ST_WDMR
Read/Write
0x08
0x0002 0000
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
EXTEN
RSTEN
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
WDV
7
6
5
4
WDV
• WDV: Watchdog Counter Value
Defines the value loaded in the 16-bit counter. The maximum period is obtained by programming WDV to 0x0 corresponding to 65536 • 128 Slow Clock cycles.
• RSTEN: Reset Enable
0 = No reset is generated when a watchdog overflow occurs.
1 = An internal reset is generated when a watchdog overflow occurs.
• EXTEN: External Signal Assertion Enable
0 = The NWDOVF is not tied low when a watchdog overflow occurs.
1 = The NWDOVF is tied low during 8 Slow Clock cycles when a watchdog overflow occurs.
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13.8
System Timer Real-time Mode Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
Reset Value:
ST_RTMR
Read/Write
0x0C
0x0000 8000
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
RTPRES
7
6
5
4
RTPRES
• RTPRES: Real-time Timer Prescaler Value
Defines the number of SLCK periods required to increment the Real-time Timer. The maximum period is obtained by programming RTPRES to 0x0 corresponding to 65536 Slow Clock cycles.
13.9
System Timer Status Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
ST_SR
Read-only
0x10
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
ALMS
RTTINC
WDOVF
PITS
• PITS: Period Interval Timer Status
0 = The Period Interval Timer has not reached 0 since the last read of the Status Register.
1 = The Period Interval Timer has reached 0 since the last read of the Status Register.
• WDOVF: Watchdog Overflow
0 = The Watchdog Timer has not reached 0 since the last read of the Status Register.
1 = The Watchdog Timer has reached 0 since the last read of the Status Register.
• RTTINC: Real-time Timer Increment
0 = The Real-time Timer has not been incremented since the last read of the Status Register.
1 = The Real-time Timer has been incremented since the last read of the Status Register.
• ALMS: Alarm Status
0 = No alarm compare has been detected since the last read of the Status Register.
1 = Alarm compare has been detected since the last read of the Status Register.
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13.10 System Timer Interrupt Enable Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
ST_IER
Write-only
0x14
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
ALMS
RTTINC
WDOVF
PITS
• PITS: Period Interval Timer Status Interrupt Enable
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the Period Interval Timer Status Interrupt.
• WDOVF: Watchdog Overflow Interrupt Enable
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the Watchdog Overflow Interrupt.
• RTTINC: Real-time Timer Increment Interrupt Enable
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the Real-time Timer Increment Interrupt.
• ALMS: Alarm Status Interrupt Enable
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the Alarm Status Interrupt.
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13.11 System Timer Interrupt Disable Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
ST_IDR
Write-only
0x18
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
ALMS
RTTINC
WDOVF
PITS
• PITS: Period Interval Timer Status Interrupt Disable
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the Period Interval Timer Status Interrupt.
• WDOVF: Watchdog Overflow Interrupt Disable
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the Watchdog Overflow Interrupt.
• RTTINC: Real-time Timer Increment Interrupt Disable
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the Real-time Timer Increment Interrupt.
• ALMS: Alarm Status Interrupt Disable
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the Alarm Status Interrupt.
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13.12 System Timer Interrupt Mask Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
Reset Value:
ST_IMR
Read-only
0x1C
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
ALMS
RTTINC
WDOVF
PITS
• PITS: Period Interval Timer Status Interrupt Mask
0 = Period Interval Timer Status Interrupt is disabled.
1 = Period Interval Timer Status Interrupt is enabled.
• WDOVF: Watchdog Overflow Interrupt Mask
0 = Watchdog Overflow Interrupt is disabled.
1 = Watchdog Overflow Interrupt is enabled.
• RTTINC: Real-time Timer Increment Interrupt Mask
0 = Real-time Timer Increment Interrupt is disabled.
1 = Real-time Timer Increment Interrupt is enabled.
• ALMS: Alarm Status Interrupt Mask
0 = Alarm Status Interrupt is disabled.
1 = Alarm Status Interrupt is enabled.
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13.13 System Timer Real-time Alarm Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
Reset Value:
ST_RTAR
Read/Write
0x20
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
ALMV
15
14
13
12
ALMV
7
6
5
4
ALMV
• ALMV: Alarm Value
Defines the Alarm value compared with the Real-time Timer. The maximum delay before ALMS status bit activation is
obtained by programming ALMV to 0x0 corresponding to 1048576 seconds.
13.14 System Timer Current Real-time Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
Reset Value:
ST_CRTR
Read-only
0x24
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
CRTV
15
14
13
12
CRTV
7
6
5
4
CRTV
• CRTV: Current Real-time Value
Returns the current value of the Real-time Timer.
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14. AIC: Advanced Interrupt Controller
The AT91M42800A has an 8-level priority, individually maskable, vectored interrupt controller.
This feature substantially reduces the software and real-time overhead in handling internal
and external interrupts.
The interrupt controller is connected to the NFIQ (fast interrupt request) and the NIRQ (standard interrupt request) inputs of the ARM7TDMI processor. The processor’s NFIQ line can
only be asserted by the external fast interrupt request input: FIQ. The NIRQ line can be
asserted by the interrupts generated by the on-chip peripherals and the external interrupt
request lines: IRQ0 to IRQ3.
The 8-level priority encoder allows the customer to define the priority between the different
NIRQ interrupt sources.
Internal sources are programmed to be level sensitive or edge triggered. External sources can
be programmed to be positive or negative edge triggered or high- or low-level sensitive.
The interrupt sources are listed in Table 14-1 and the AIC programmable registers in Table 6.
Figure 14-1. Interrupt Controller Block Diagram
FIQ Source
Advanced Peripheral
Bus (APB)
Note:
NFIQ
ARM7TDMI
Core
Control
Logic
Internal Interrupt Sources
External Interrupt Sources
NFIQ
Manager
Memorization
Memorization
Prioritization
Controller
NIRQ
Manager
NIRQ
After a hardware reset, the external interrupt sources pins are controlled by the Controller. They
must be configured to be controlled by the peripheral before being used.
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Table 14-1.
AIC Interrupt Sources
Interrupt Source
Interrupt Name
0
FIQ
Fast Interrupt
1
SW
Soft Interrupt (generated by the AIC)
2
US0
USART Channel 0 interrupt
3
US1
USART Channel 1 interrupt
4
SPIA
SPI Channel A Interrupt
5
SPIB
SPI Channel B Interrupt
6
TC0
Timer Channel 0 Interrupt
7
TC1
Timer Channel 1 Interrupt
8
TC2
Timer Channel 2 Interrupt
9
TC3
Timer Channel 3 Interrupt
10
TC4
Timer Channel 4 Interrupt
11
TC5
Timer Channel 5 Interrupt
12
ST
System Timer Interrupt
13
PIOA
Parallel I/O Controller A Interrupt
14
PIOB
Parallel I/O Controller B Interrupt
15
PMC
Power Management Controller Interrupt
16
–
Reserved
17
–
Reserved
18
–
Reserved
19
–
Reserved
20
–
Reserved
21
–
Reserved
22
–
Reserved
23
–
Reserved
24
–
Reserved
25
–
Reserved
26
–
Reserved
27
–
Reserved
28
IRQ3
External Interrupt 3
29
IRQ2
External Interrupt 2
30
IRQ1
External Interrupt 1
31
IRQ0
External Interrupt 0
14.1
Interrupt Description
Hardware Interrupt Vectoring
The hardware interrupt vectoring reduces the number of instructions to reach the interrupt
handler to only one. By storing the following instruction at address 0x00000018, the processor
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loads the program counter with the interrupt handler address stored in the AIC_IVR register.
Execution is then vectored to the interrupt handler corresponding to the current interrupt.
ldr PC,[PC,# -&F20]
The current interrupt is the interrupt with the highest priority when the Interrupt Vector Register
(AIC_IVR) is read. The value read in the AIC_IVR corresponds to the address stored in the
Source Vector Register (AIC_SVR) of the current interrupt. Each interrupt source has its corresponding AIC_SVR. In order to take advantage of the hardware interrupt vectoring it is
necessary to store the address of each interrupt handler in the corresponding AIC_SVR, at
system initialization.
14.2
Priority Controller
The NIRQ line is controlled by an 8-level priority encoder. Each source has a programmable
priority level of 7 to 0. Level 7 is the highest priority and level 0 the lowest.
When the AIC receives more than one unmasked interrupt at a time, the interrupt with the
highest priority is serviced first. If both interrupts have equal priority, the interrupt with the lowest interrupt source number (see Table 14-1) is serviced first.
The current priority level is defined as the priority level of the current interrupt at the time the
register AIC_IVR is read (the interrupt which will be serviced).
In the case when a higher priority unmasked interrupt occurs while an interrupt already exists,
there are two possible outcomes depending on whether the AIC_IVR has been read.
• If the NIRQ line has been asserted but the AIC_IVR has not been read, then the processor
will read the new higher priority interrupt handler address in the AIC_IVR register and the
current interrupt level is updated.
• If the processor has already read the AIC_IVR then the NIRQ line is reasserted. When the
processor has authorized nested interrupts to occur and reads the AIC_IVR again, it reads
the new, higher priority interrupt handler address. At the same time the current priority
value is pushed onto a first-in last-out stack and the current priority is updated to the higher
priority.
When the end of interrupt command register (AIC_EOICR) is written, the current interrupt level
is updated with the last stored interrupt level from the stack (if any). Hence at the end of a
higher priority interrupt, the AIC returns to the previous state corresponding to the preceding
lower priority interrupt which had been interrupted.
14.3
Interrupt Handling
The interrupt handler must read the AIC_IVR as soon as possible. This de-asserts the NIRQ
request to the processor and clears the interrupt in case it is programmed to be edge triggered. This permits the AIC to assert the NIRQ line again when a higher priority unmasked
interrupt occurs.
At the end of the interrupt service routine, the end of interrupt command register (AIC_EOICR)
must be written. This allows pending interrupts to be serviced.
14.4
Interrupt Masking
Each interrupt source, including FIQ, can be enabled or disabled using the command registers
AIC_IECR and AIC_IDCR. The interrupt mask can be read in the Read-only register AIC_IMR.
A disabled interrupt does not affect the servicing of other interrupts.
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14.5
Interrupt Clearing and Setting
All interrupt sources which are programmed to be edge triggered (including FIQ) can be individually set or cleared by respectively writing to the registers AIC_ISCR and AIC_ICCR. This
function of the interrupt controller is available for auto-test or software debug purposes.
14.6
Fast Interrupt Request
The external FIQ line is the only source which can raise a fast interrupt request to the processor. Therefore, it has no priority controller.
The external FIQ line can be programmed to be positive or negative edge triggered or high- or
low-level sensitive in the AIC_SMR0 register.
The fast interrupt handler address can be stored in the AIC_SVR0 register. The value written
into this register is available by reading the AIC_FVR register when an FIQ interrupt is raised.
By storing the following instruction at address 0x0000001C, the processor will load the program counter with the interrupt handler address stored in the AIC_FVR register.
ldr PC,[PC,# -&F20]
Alternatively the interrupt handler can be stored starting from address 0x0000001C as
described in the ARM7TDMI datasheet.
14.7
Software Interrupt
Interrupt source 1 of the advanced interrupt controller is a software interrupt. It must be programmed to be edge triggered in order to set or clear it by writing to the AIC_ISCR and
AIC_ICCR.
This is totally independent of the SWI instruction of the ARM7TDMI processor.
14.8
Spurious Interrupt
When the AIC asserts the NIRQ line, the ARM7TDMI enters IRQ mode and the interrupt handler reads the IVR. It may happen that the AIC de-asserts the NIRQ line after the core has
taken into account the NIRQ assertion and before the read of the IVR.
This behavior is called a Spurious Interrupt.
The AIC is able to detect these Spurious Interrupts and returns the Spurious Vector when the
IVR is read. The Spurious Vector can be programmed by the user when the vector table is
initialized.
A spurious interrupt may occur in the following cases:
• With any sources programmed to be level sensitive, if the interrupt signal of the AIC input is
de-asserted at the same time as it is taken into account by the ARM7TDMI.
• If an interrupt is asserted at the same time as the software is disabling the corresponding
source through AIC_IDCR (this can happen due to the pipelining of the ARM core).
The same mechanism of spurious interrupt occurs if the ARM7TDMI reads the IVR (application software or ICE) when there is no interrupt pending. This mechanism is also valid for the
FIQ interrupts.
Once the AIC enters the spurious interrupt management, it asserts neither the NIRQ nor the
NFIQ lines to the ARM7TDMI as long as the spurious interrupt is not acknowledged. Therefore, it is mandatory for the Spurious Interrupt Service Routine to acknowledge the “spurious”
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behavior by writing to the AIC_EOICR (End of Interrupt) before returning to the interrupted
software. It also can perform other operation(s), e.g., trace possible undesirable behavior.
14.9
Protect Mode
The Protect Mode permits reading of the Interrupt Vector Register without performing the
associated automatic operations. This is necessary when working with a debug system.
When a Debug Monitor or an ICE reads the AIC User Interface, the IVR could be read. This
would have the following consequences in normal mode.
• If an enabled interrupt with a higher priority than the current one is pending, it is stacked.
• If there is no enabled pending interrupt, the spurious vector is returned.
In either case, an End of Interrupt command would be necessary to acknowledge and to
restore the context of the AIC. This operation is generally not performed by the debug system.
Hence the debug system would become strongly intrusive, and could cause the application to
enter an undesired state.
This is avoided by using Protect mode.
The Protect mode is enabled by setting the AIC bit in the SF Protect Mode Register (see ”SF:
Special Function Registers” on page 115).
When Protect mode is enabled, the AIC performs interrupt stacking only when a write access
is performed on the AIC_IVR. Therefore, the Interrupt Service Routines must write (arbitrary
data) to the AIC_IVR just after reading it.
The new context of the AIC, including the value of the Interrupt Status Register (AIC_ISR), is
updated with the current interrupt only when IVR is written.
An AIC_IVR read on its own (e.g., by a debugger), modifies neither the AIC context nor the
AIC_ISR.
Extra AIC_IVR reads performed in between the read and the write can cause unpredictable
results. Therefore, it is strongly recommended not to set a breakpoint between these two
actions, nor to stop the software.
The debug system must not write to the AIC_IVR as this would cause undesirable effects.
The following table shows the main steps of an interrupt and the order in which they are performed according to the mode:
Action
Normal Mode
Protect Mode
Calculate active interrupt (higher than current or spurious)
Read AIC_IVR
Read AIC_IVR
Determine and return the vector of the active interrupt
Read AIC_IVR
Read AIC_IVR
Memorize interrupt
Read AIC_IVR
Read AIC_IVR
Read AIC_IVR
Write AIC_IVR
Read AIC_IVR
Write AIC_IVR
Push on internal stack the current priority level
Acknowledge the interrupt
(1)
(2)
No effect
Notes:
Write AIC_IVR
–
1. NIRQ de-assertion and automatic interrupt clearing if the source is programmed as level
sensitive.
2. Software that has been written and debugged using Protect mode will run correctly in Normal mode without modification. However, in Normal mode, the AIC_IVR write has no effect
and can be removed to optimize the code.
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1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
14.10 AIC User Interface
Base Address: 0xFFFFF000 (Code Label AIC_BASE)
Table 6. AIC Memory Map
Offset
Register
0x000
0x004
–
Name
Access
Reset State
Source Mode Register 0
AIC_SMR0
Read/Write
0
Source Mode Register 1
AIC_SMR1
Read/Write
0
–
Read/Write
0
–
0x07C
Source Mode Register 31
AIC_SMR31
Read/Write
0
0x080
Source Vector Register 0
AIC_SVR0
Read/Write
0
0x084
Source Vector Register 1
AIC_SVR1
Read/Write
0
–
Read/Write
0
AIC_SVR31
Read/Write
0
–
–
0x0FC
Source Vector Register 31
0x100
IRQ Vector Register
AIC_IVR
Read-only
–
0x104
FIQ Vector Register
AIC_FVR
Read-only
–
0x108
Interrupt Status Register
AIC_ISR
Read-only
–
0x10C
Interrupt Pending Register
AIC_IPR
Read-only
(see (1))
0x110
Interrupt Mask Register
AIC_IMR
Read-only
0
0x114
Core Interrupt Status Register
AIC_CISR
Read-only
–
0x118
Reserved
–
–
–
0x11C
Reserved
–
–
–
0x120
Interrupt Enable Command Register
AIC_IECR
Write-only
–
0x124
Interrupt Disable Command Register
AIC_IDCR
Write-only
–
0x128
Interrupt Clear Command Register
AIC_ICCR
Write-only
–
0x12C
Interrupt Set Command Register
AIC_ISCR
Write-only
–
0x130
End of Interrupt Command Register
AIC_EOICR
Write-only
–
0x134
Spurious Vector Register
AIC_SPU
Read/Write
0
Note:
86
1. The reset value of this register depends on the level of the External IRQ lines. All other
sources are cleared at reset.
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
14.11 AIC Source Mode Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Reset Value:
AIC_SMR0..AIC_SMR31
Read/Write
0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
SRCTYPE
PRIOR
• PRIOR: Priority Level (Code Label AIC_PRIOR)
Program the priority level for all sources except source 0 (FIQ).
The priority level can be between 0 (lowest) and 7 (highest).
The priority level is not used for the FIQ, in the SMR0.
• SRCTYPE: Interrupt Source Type (Code Label AIC_SRCTYPE)
Program the input to be positive or negative edge-triggered or positive or negative level sensitive.
The active level or edge is not programmable for the internal sources.
SRCTYPE
External Sources
Code Label
0
0
Low-level Sensitive
AIC_SRCTYPE_EXT_LOW_LEVEL
0
1
Negative Edge triggered
AIC_SRCTYPE_EXT_NEGATIVE_EDGE
1
0
High-level Sensitive
AIC_SRCTYPE_EXT_HIGH_LEVEL
1
1
Positive Edge triggered
AIC_SRCTYPE_EXT_POSITIVE_EDGE
Internal Sources
Code Label
SRCTYPE
X
0
Level Sensitive
AIC_SRCTYPE_INT_LEVEL_SENSITIVE
X
1
Edge triggered
AIC_SRCTYPE_INT_EDGE_TRIGGERED
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1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
14.12 AIC Source Vector Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Reset Value:
31
AIC_SVR0..AIC_SVR31
Read/Write
0
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
VECTOR
23
22
21
20
VECTOR
15
14
13
12
VECTOR
7
6
5
4
VECTOR
• VECTOR: Interrupt Handler Address
The user may store in these registers the addresses of the corresponding handler for each interrupt source.
14.13 AIC Interrupt Vector Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
31
AIC_IVR
Read-only
0x100
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
IRQV
23
22
21
20
IRQV
15
14
13
12
IRQV
7
6
5
4
IRQV
• IRQV: Interrupt Vector Register
The IRQ Vector Register contains the vector programmed by the user in the Source Vector Register corresponding to the
current interrupt.
The Source Vector Register (1 to 31) is indexed using the current interrupt number when the Interrupt Vector Register is
read.
When there is no current interrupt, the IRQ Vector Register reads the value stored in AIC_SPU.
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AT91M42800A
14.14 AIC FIQ Vector Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
31
AIC_FVR
Read-only
0x104
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
FIQV
23
22
21
20
FIQV
15
14
13
12
FIQV
7
6
5
4
FIQV
• FIQV: FIQ Vector Register
The FIQ Vector Register contains the vector programmed by the user in the Source Vector Register 0 which corresponds
to FIQ.
14.15 AIC Interrupt Status Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
AIC_ISR
Read-only
0x108
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
––
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
IRQID
• IRQID: Current IRQ Identifier (Code Label AIC_IRQID)
The Interrupt Status Register returns the current interrupt source number.
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1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
14.16 AIC Interrupt Pending Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
AIC_IPR
Read-only
0x10C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
IRQ0
IRQ1
IRQ2
IRQ3
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
PMC
PIOB
PIOA
ST
TC5
TC4
TC3
TC2
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TC1
TC0
SPIB
SPIA
US1
US0
SW
FIQ
• Interrupt Pending
0 = Corresponding interrupt is inactive.
1 = Corresponding interrupt is pending.
14.17 AIC Interrupt Mask Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
Reset Value:
AIC_IMR
Read-only
0x110
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
IRQ0
IRQ1
IRQ2
IRQ3
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
PMC
PIOB
PIOA
ST
TC5
TC4
TC3
TC2
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TC1
TC0
SPIB
SPIA
US1
US0
SW
FIQ
• Interrupt Mask
0 = Corresponding interrupt is disabled.
1 = Corresponding interrupt is enabled.
90
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1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
14.18 AIC Core Interrupt Status Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
AIC_CISR
Read-only
0x114
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
NIRQ
NFIQ
• NFIQ: NFIQ Status (Code Label AIC_NFIQ)
0 = NFIQ line inactive.
1 = NFIQ line active.
• NIRQ: NIRQ Status (Code Label AIC_NIRQ)
0 = NIRQ line inactive.
1 = NIRQ line active.
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1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
14.19 AIC Interrupt Enable Command Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
AIC_IECR
Write-only
0x120
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
IRQ0
IRQ1
IRQ2
IRQ3
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
PMC
PIOB
PIOA
ST
TC5
TC4
TC3
TC2
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TC1
TC0
SPIB
SPIA
US1
US0
SW
FIQ
• Interrupt Enable
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables corresponding interrupt.
14.20 AIC Interrupt Disable Command Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
AIC_IDCR
Write-only
0x124
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
IRQ0
IRQ1
IRQ2
IRQ3
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
PMC
PIOB
PIOA
ST
TC5
TC4
TC3
TC2
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TC1
TC0
SPIB
SPIA
US1
US0
SW
FIQ
• Interrupt Disable
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables corresponding interrupt.
92
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AT91M42800A
14.21 AIC Interrupt Clear Command Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
AIC_ICCR
Write-only
0x128
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
IRQ0
IRQ1
IRQ2
IRQ3
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
PMC
PIOB
PIOA
ST
TC5
TC4
TC3
TC2
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TC1
TC0
SPIB
SPIA
US1
US0
SW
FIQ
• Interrupt Clear
0 = No effect.
1 = Clears corresponding interrupt.
14.22 AIC Interrupt Set Command Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
AIC_ISCR
Write-only
0x12C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
IRQ0
IRQ1
IRQ2
IRQ3
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
PMC
PIOB
PIOA
ST
TC5
TC4
TC3
TC2
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TC1
TC0
SPIB
SPIA
US1
US0
SW
FIQ
• Interrupt Set
0 = No effect.
1 = Sets corresponding interrupt.
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1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
14.23 AIC End of Interrupt Command Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
AIC_EOICR
Write-only
0x130
31
–
30
–
29
–
28
–
27
–
26
–
25
–
24
–
23
–
22
–
21
–
20
–
19
–
18
17
16
–
–
–
15
–
14
–
13
–
12
–
11
–
10
–
9
–
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
The End of Interrupt Command Register is used by the interrupt routine to indicate that the interrupt treatment is complete.
Any value can be written because it is only necessary to make a write to this register location to signal the end of interrupt
treatment.
14.24 AIC Spurious Vector Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
Reset Value:
31
AIC_SPU
Read/Write
0x134
0
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
SPUVEC
23
22
21
20
SPUVEC
15
14
13
12
SPUVEC
7
6
5
4
SPUVEC
• SPUVEC: Spurious Interrupt Vector Handler Address
The user may store the address of the spurious interrupt handler in this register.
94
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1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
14.25 Standard Interrupt Sequence
It is assumed that:
• The Advanced Interrupt Controller has been programmed, AIC_SVR are loaded with
corresponding interrupt service routine addresses and interrupts are enabled.
• The Instruction at address 0x18(IRQ exception vector address) is
ldr pc, [pc, #-&F20]
When NIRQ is asserted, if the bit I of CPSR is 0, the sequence is:
1. The CPSR is stored in SPSR_irq, the current value of the Program Counter is loaded
in the IRQ link register (R14_irq) and the Program Counter (R15) is loaded with 0x18.
In the following cycle during fetch at address 0x1C, the ARM core adjusts R14_irq,
decrementing it by 4.
2. The ARM core enters IRQ mode, if it is not already.
3. When the instruction loaded at address 0x18 is executed, the Program Counter is
loaded with the value read in AIC_IVR. Reading the AIC_IVR has the following
effects:
– Set the current interrupt to be the pending one with the highest priority. The current
level is the priority level of the current interrupt.
– De-assert the NIRQ line on the processor. (Even if vectoring is not used, AIC_IVR
must be read in order to de-assert NIRQ)
– Automatically clear the interrupt, if it has been programmed to be edge triggered.
– Push the current level on to the stack.
– Return the value written in the AIC_SVR corresponding to the current interrupt.
4. The previous step has effect to branch to the corresponding interrupt service routine.
This should start by saving the Link Register(R14_irq) and the SPSR(SPSR_irq).
Note that the Link Register must be decremented by 4 when it is saved, if it is to be
restored directly into the Program Counter at the end of the interrupt.
5. Further interrupts can then be unmasked by clearing the I-bit in the CPSR, allowing
re-assertion of the NIRQ to be taken into account by the core. This can occur if an
interrupt with a higher priority than the current one occurs.
6. The Interrupt Handler can then proceed as required, saving the registers which will
be used and restoring them at the end. During this phase, an interrupt of priority
higher than the current level will restart the sequence from step 1. Note that if the
interrupt is programmed to be level sensitive, the source of the interrupt must be
cleared during this phase.
7. The I-bit in the CPSR must be set in order to mask interrupts before exiting, to ensure
that the interrupt is completed in an orderly manner.
8. The End of Interrupt Command Register (AIC_EOICR) must be written in order to
indicate to the AIC that the current interrupt is finished. This causes the current level
to be popped from the stack, restoring the previous current level if one exists on the
stack. If another interrupt is pending, with lower or equal priority than old current level
but with higher priority than the new current level, the NIRQ line is re-asserted, but
the interrupt sequence does not immediately start because the I-bit is set in the core.
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1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
9. The SPSR (SPSR_irq) is restored. Finally, the saved value of the Link Register is
restored directly into the PC. This has effect of returning from the interrupt to whatever was being executed before, and of loading the CPSR with the stored SPSR,
masking or unmasking the interrupts depending on the state saved in the SPSR (the
previous state of the ARM core).
Note:
The I-bit in the SPSR is significant. If it is set, it indicates that the ARM core was just about to
mask IRQ interrupts when the mask instruction was interrupted. Hence, when the SPSR is
restored, the mask instruction is completed (IRQ is masked).
14.26 Fast Interrupt Sequence
It is assumed that:
• The Advanced Interrupt Controller has been programmed, AIC_SVR[0] is loaded with fast
interrupt service routine address and the fast interrupt is enabled.
• The Instruction at address 0x1C(FIQ exception vector address) is:
ldr pc, [pc, #-&F20]
• Nested Fast Interrupts are not needed by the user.
When NFIQ is asserted, if the F-bit of CPSR is 0, the sequence is:
1. The CPSR is stored in SPSR_fiq, the current value of the Program Counter is loaded
in the FIQ link register (R14_fiq) and the Program Counter (R15) is loaded with 0x1C.
In the following cycle, during fetch at address 0x20, the ARM core adjusts R14_fiq,
decrementing it by 4.
2. The ARM core enters FIQ mode.
3. When the instruction loaded at address 0x1C is executed, the Program Counter is
loaded with the value read in AIC_FVR. Reading the AIC_FVR has effect of automatically clearing the fast interrupt (source 0 connected to the FIQ line), if it has been
programmed to be edge triggered. In this case only, it de-asserts the NFIQ line on the
processor.
4. The previous step has effect to branch to the corresponding interrupt service routine.
It is not necessary to save the Link Register(R14_fiq) and the SPSR(SPSR_fiq) if
nested fast interrupts are not needed.
5. The Interrupt Handler can then proceed as required. It is not necessary to save registers R8 to R13 because FIQ mode has its own dedicated registers and the user R8 to
R13 are banked. The other registers, R0 to R7, must be saved before being used,
and restored at the end (before the next step). Note that if the fast interrupt is programmed to be level sensitive, the source of the interrupt must be cleared during this
phase in order to de-assert the NFIQ line.
6. Finally, the Link Register (R14_fiq) is restored into the PC after decrementing it by 4
(with instruction sub pc, lr, #4 for example). This has effect of returning from the interrupt to whatever was being executed before, and of loading the CPSR with the SPSR,
masking or unmasking the fast interrupt depending on the state saved in the SPSR.
Note:
96
The F-bit in the SPSR is significant. If it is set, it indicates that the ARM core was just about to
mask FIQ interrupts when the mask instruction was interrupted. Hence when the SPSR is
restored, the interrupted instruction is completed (FIQ is masked).
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
15. PIO: Parallel I/O Controller
The AT91M42800A has 54 programmable I/O lines. I/O lines are multiplexed with an external
signal of a peripheral to optimize the use of available package pins (see Tables Table 15-1 on
page 100 and Table 15-2 on page 101). These lines are controlled by two separate and identical PIO Controllers called PIOA and PIOB. Each PIO controller also provides an internal
interrupt signal to the Advanced Interrupt Controller.
Note:
15.1
After a hardware reset, the PIO clock is disabled by default (see Section 12. ”PMC: Power Management Controller” on page 55). The user must configure the Power Management Controller
before any access to the User Interface of the PIO.
Multiplexed I/O Lines
When a peripheral signal is not used in an application, the corresponding pin can be used as a
parallel I/O. Each parallel I/O line is bi-directional, whether the peripheral defines the signal as
input or output. Figure 15-1 shows the multiplexing of the peripheral signals with Parallel I/O
signals.
A pin is controlled by the registers PIO_PER (PIO Enable) and PIO_PDR (PIO Disable). The
register PIO_PSR (PIO Status) indicates whether the pin is controlled by the corresponding
peripheral or by the PIO Controller.
When the PIO is selected, the peripheral input line is connected to zero.
15.2
Output Selection
The user can enable each individual I/O signal as an output with the registers PIO_OER (Output Enable) and PIO_ODR (Output Disable). The output status of the I/O signals can be read
in the register PIO_OSR (Output Status). The direction defined has effect only if the pin is configured to be controlled by the PIO Controller.
15.3
I/O Levels
Each pin can be configured to be driven high or low. The level is defined in four different ways,
according to the following conditions.
• If a pin is controlled by the PIO Controller and is defined as an output (see Section 15.2
”Output Selection” on page 97 above), the level is programmed using the registers
PIO_SODR (Set Output Data) and PIO_CODR (Clear Output Data). In this case, the
programmed value can be read in PIO_ODSR (Output Data Status).
• If a pin is controlled by the PIO Controller and is not defined as an output, the level is
determined by the external circuit.
• If a pin is not controlled by the PIO Controller, the state of the pin is defined by the
peripheral (see peripheral datasheets).
In all cases, the level on the pin can be read in the register PIO_PDSR (Pin Data Status).
15.4
Filters
Optional input glitch filtering is available on each pin and is controlled by the registers
PIO_IFER (Input Filter Enable) and PIO_IFDR (Input Filter Disable). The input glitch filtering
can be selected whether the pin is used for its peripheral function or as a parallel I/O line. The
register PIO_IFSR (Input Filter Status) indicates whether or not the filter is activated for each
pin.
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15.5
Interrupts
Each parallel I/O can be programmed to generate an interrupt when a level change occurs.
This is controlled by the PIO_IER (Interrupt Enable) and PIO_IDR (Interrupt Disable) registers
which enable/disable the I/O interrupt by setting/clearing the corresponding bit in the
PIO_IMR. When a change in level occurs, the corresponding bit in the PIO_ISR (Interrupt Status) is set whether the pin is used as a PIO or a peripheral and whether it is defined as input or
output. If the corresponding interrupt in PIO_IMR (Interrupt Mask) is enabled, the PIO interrupt
is asserted.
When PIO_ISR is read, the register is automatically cleared.
15.6
User Interface
Each individual I/O is associated with a bit position in the Parallel I/O user interface registers.
Each of these registers are 32 bits wide. If a parallel I/O line is not defined, writing to the corresponding bits has no effect. Undefined bits read zero.
15.7
Multi-driver (Open Drain)
Each I/O can be programmed for multi-driver option. This means that the I/O is configured as
open drain (can only drive a low level) in order to support external drivers on the same pin. An
external pull-up is necessary to guarantee a logic level of one when the pin is not being driven.
Registers PIO_MDER (Multi-Driver Enable) and PIO_MDDR (Multi-Driver Disable) control this
option. Multi-driver can be selected whether the I/O pin is controlled by the PIO Controller or
the peripheral. PIO_MDSR (Multi-Driver Status) indicates which pins are configured to support
external drivers.
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AT91M42800A
Figure 15-1. Parallel I/O Multiplexed with a Bi-directional Signal
PIO_OSR
1
Pad Output Enable
Peripheral
Output
Enable
0
0
1
PIO_PSR
PIO_ODSR
PIO_MDSR
1
Pad Output
0
Pad
Pad Input
Filter
Peripheral
Output
1
0
0
OFF
Value(1)
Peripheral
Input
1
PIO_IFSR
PIO_PSR
PIO_PDSR
Event
Detection
PIO_ISR
PIO_IMR
PIOIRQ
Note:
1. See Section 15.8 ”PIO Connection Tables” on page 100.
99
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
15.8
PIO Connection Tables
Table 15-1.
PIO Controller A Connection Table
PIO Controller
Peripheral
OFF(1)
Value
Reset State
Pin
Number
Input
0
PIO Input
77
External Interrupt 1
Input
0
PIO Input
78
IRQ2
External Interrupt 2
Input
0
PIO Input
79
PA3
IRQ3
External Interrupt 3
Input
0
PIO Input
80
4
PA4
FIQ
Fast Interrupt
Input
0
PIO Input
81
5
PA5
SCK0
USART0 Clock Signal
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
82
6
PA6
TXD0
USART0 Transmit Data Signal
Output
–
PIO Input
83
7
PA7
RXD0
USART0 Receive Data Signal
Input
0
PIO Input
86
8
PA8
SCK1
USART1 Clock Signal
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
87
9
PA9
TXD1/NTRI
USART1 Transmit Data Signal
Output
–
PIO Input
88
10
PA10
RXD1
USART1 Receive Data Signal
Input
0
PIO Input
89
11
PA11
SPCKA
SPIA Clock Signal
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
90
12
PA12
MISOA
SPIA Master In Slave Out
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
91
13
PA13
MOSIA
SPIA Master Out Slave In
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
92
14
PA14
NPCSA0/NSSA
SPIA Peripheral Chip Select 0
Bi-directional
1
PIO Input
93
15
PA15
NPCSA1
SPIA Peripheral Chip Select 1
Output
–
PIO Input
94
16
PA16
NPCSA2
SPIA Peripheral Chip Select 2
Output
–
PIO Input
95
17
PA17
NPCSA3
SPIA Peripheral Chip Select 3
Output
–
PIO Input
98
18
PA18
SPCKB
SPIB Clock Signal
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
99
19
PA19
MISOB
SPIB Master In Slave Out
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
100
20
PA20
MOSIB
SPIB Master Out Slave In
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
101
21
PA21
NPCSB0/NSSB
SPIB Peripheral Chip Select 0
Bi-directional
1
PIO Input
102
22
PA22
NPCSB1
SPIB Peripheral Chip Select 1
Output
–
PIO Input
103
23
PA23
NPCSB2
SPIB Peripheral Chip Select 2
Output
–
PIO Input
104
24
PA24
NPCSB3
SPIB Peripheral Chip Select 3
Output
–
PIO Input
105
25
PA25
MCKO
Master Clock Output
Output
–
MCKO
106
26
PA26
–
–
–
–
PIO Input
111
27
PA27
BMS
Boot Mode Select
Input
0
PIO Input
123
28
PA28
–
–
Output
–
PIO Input
131
PIO Input
134
Bit
Number
Port
Name
Port Name
Signal Description
Signal
Direction
0
PA0
IRQ0
External Interrupt 0
1
PA1
IRQ1
2
PA2
3
29
PA29
PME
Protect Mode Enable
Input
0
Note:
1. The OFF value is the default level seen on the peripheral input when the PIO line is enabled.
100
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
Table 15-2.
PIO Controller B Connection Table
PIO Controller
Peripheral
OFF(1)
Value
Reset State
Pin
Number
Output
–
NCS2
141
Chip Select 3
Output
–
NCS3
142
A20/CS7
Address 20/Chip Select 7
Output
–
A20
27
PB3
A21/CS6
Address 21/Chip Select 6
Output
–
A21
28
4
PB4
A22/CS5
Address 22/Chip Select 5
Output
–
A22
29
5
PB5
A23/CS4
Address 23/Chip Select 4
Output
–
A23
30
6
PB6
TCLK0
Timer0 Clock Signal
Input
0
PIO Input
53
7
PB7
TIOA0
Timer0 Signal A
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
54
8
PB8
TIOB0
Timer0 Signal B
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
55
9
PB9
TCLK1
Timer1 Clock Signal
Input
0
PIO Input
56
10
PB10
TIOA1
Timer1 Signal A
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
57
11
PB11
TIOB1
Timer1 Signal B
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
58
12
PB12
TCLK2
Timer2 Clock Signal
Input
0
PIO Input
59
13
PB13
TIOA2
Timer2 Signal A
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
62
14
PB14
TIOB2
Timer2 Signal B
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
63
15
PB15
TCLK3
Timer3 Clock Signal
Input
0
PIO Input
64
16
PB16
TIOA3
Timer3 Signal A
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
65
17
PB17
TIOB3
Timer3 Signal B
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
66
18
PB18
TCLK4
Timer4 Clock Signal
Input
0
PIO Input
67
19
PB19
TIOA4
Timer4 Signal A
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
68
20
PB20
TIOB4
Timer4 Signal B
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
69
21
PB21
TCLK5
Timer5 Clock Signal
Input
0
PIO Input
70
22
PB22
TIOA5
Timer5 Signal A
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
75
23
PB23
TIOB5
Timer5 Signal B
Bi-directional
0
PIO Input
76
Bit
Number
Port
Name
Port Name
0
PB0
NCS2
Chip Select 2
1
PB1
NCS3
2
PB2
3
Note:
Signal Description
Signal
Direction
1. The OFF value is the default level seen on the peripheral input when the PIO line is enabled.
101
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
PIO User Interface
PIO Controller A Base Address: 0xFFFEC000 (Code Label PIOA_BASE)
PIO Controller B Base Address: 0xFFFF0000 (Code Label PIOB_BASE)
Table 15-3.
Offset
Notes:
102
PIO Controller Memory Map
Register
Name
Access
Reset State
0x00
PIO Enable Register
PIO_PER
Write-only
–
0x04
PIO Disable Register
PIO_PDR
Write-only
–
0x08
PIO Status Register
PIO_PSR
Read-only
0x3DFFFFFF (A)
0x00FFFFC0 (B)
0x0C
Reserved
–
–
–
0x10
Output Enable Register
PIO_OER
Write-only
–
0x14
Output Disable Register
PIO_ODR
Write-only
–
0x18
Output Status Register
PIO_OSR
Read-only
0
0x1C
Reserved
–
–
–
0x20
Input Filter Enable Register
PIO_IFER
Write-only
–
0x24
Input Filter Disable Register
PIO_IFDR
Write-only
–
0x28
Input Filter Status Register
PIO_IFSR
Read-only
0
0x2C
Reserved
–
–
–
0x30
Set Output Data Register
PIO_SODR
Write-only
–
0x34
Clear Output Data Register
PIO_CODR
Write-only
–
0x38
Output Data Status Register
PIO_ODSR
Read-only
0
0x3C
Pin Data Status Register
PIO_PDSR
Read-only
(see (1))
0x40
Interrupt Enable Register
PIO_IER
Write-only
–
0x44
Interrupt Disable Register
PIO_IDR
Write-only
–
0x48
Interrupt Mask Register
PIO_IMR
Read-only
0
0x4C
Interrupt Status Register
PIO_ISR
Read-only
(see (2))
0x50
Multi-driver Enable Register
PIO_MDER
Write-only
–
0x54
Multi-driver Disable Register
PIO_MDDR
Write-only
–
0x58
Multi-driver Status Register
PIO_MDSR
Read-only
0
0x5C
Reserved
–
–
–
1. The reset value of this register depends on the level of the external pins at reset.
2. This register is cleared at reset. However, the first read of the register can give a value not equal to zero if any changes have
occurred on any pins between the reset and the read.
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
15.9
PIO Enable Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
PIO_PER
Write-only
0x00
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to enable individual pins to be controlled by the PIO Controller instead of the associated peripheral.
When the PIO is enabled, the associated peripheral (if any) is held at logic zero.
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the PIO to control the corresponding pin (disables peripheral control of the pin).
15.10 PIO Disable Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
PIO_PDR
Write-only
0x04
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to disable PIO control of individual pins. When the PIO control is disabled, the normal peripheral function is enabled on the corresponding pin.
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables PIO control (enables peripheral control) on the corresponding pin.
103
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
15.11 PIO Status Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
Reset Value:
PIO_PSR
Read-only
0x08
0x3DFFFFFF (A)
0x00FFFFC0 (B)
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register indicates which pins are enabled for PIO control. This register is updated when PIO lines are enabled or disabled.
0 = PIO is inactive on the corresponding line (peripheral is active).
1 = PIO is active on the corresponding line (peripheral is inactive).
104
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
15.12 PIO Output Enable Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
PIO_OER
Write-only
0x10
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to enable PIO output drivers. If the pin is driven by a peripheral, this has no effect on the pin, but the
information is stored. The register is programmed as follows:
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the PIO output on the corresponding pin.
15.13 PIO Output Disable Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
PIO_ODR
Write-only
0x14
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to disable PIO output drivers. If the pin is driven by the peripheral, this has no effect on the pin, but the
information is stored. The register is programmed as follows:
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the PIO output on the corresponding pin.
105
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
15.14 PIO Output Status Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
Reset Value:
PIO_OSR
Read-only
0x18
0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register shows the PIO pin control (output enable) status which is programmed in PIO_OER and PIO ODR. The
defined value is effective only if the pin is controlled by the PIO. The register reads as follows:
0 = The corresponding PIO is input on this line.
1 = The corresponding PIO is output on this line.
106
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
15.15 PIO Input Filter Enable Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
PIO_IFER
Write-only
0x20
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to enable input glitch filters. It affects the pin whether or not the PIO is enabled. The register is programmed as follows:
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the glitch filter on the corresponding pin.
15.16 PIO Input Filter Disable Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
IO_IFDR
Write-only
0x24
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to disable input glitch filters. It affects the pin whether or not the PIO is enabled. The register is programmed as follows:
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the glitch filter on the corresponding pin.
107
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
15.17 PIO Input Filter Status Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
Reset Value:
PIO_IFSR
Read-only
0x28
0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register indicates which pins have glitch filters selected. It is updated when PIO outputs are enabled or disabled by
writing to PIO_IFER or PIO_IFDR.
0 = Filter is not selected on the corresponding input.
1 = Filter is selected on the corresponding input (peripheral and PIO).
108
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
15.18 PIO Set Output Data Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
PIO_SODR
Write-only
0x30
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to set PIO output data. It affects the pin only if the corresponding PIO output line is enabled and if the
pin is controlled by the PIO. Otherwise, the information is stored.
0 = No effect.
1 = PIO output data on the corresponding pin is set.
15.19 PIO Clear Output Data Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
PIO_CODR
Write-only
0x34
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to clear PIO output data. It affects the pin only if the corresponding PIO output line is enabled and if the
pin is controlled by the PIO. Otherwise, the information is stored.
0 = No effect.
1 = PIO output data on the corresponding pin is cleared.
109
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
15.20 PIO Output Data Status Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
Reset Value:
PIO_ODSR
Read-only
0x38
0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register shows the output data status which is programmed in PIO_SODR or PIO_CODR. The defined value is effective only if the pin is controlled by the PIO Controller and only if the pin is defined as an output.
0 = The output data for the corresponding line is programmed to 0.
1 = The output data for the corresponding line is programmed to 1.
15.21 PIO Pin Data Status Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
Reset Value:
PIO_PDSR
Read-only
0x3C
Undefined
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register shows the state of the physical pin of the chip. The pin values are always valid, regardless of whether the pins
are enabled as PIO, peripheral, input or output. The register reads as follows:
0 = The corresponding pin is at logic 0.
1 = The corresponding pin is at logic 1.
110
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
15.22 PIO Interrupt Enable Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
PIO_IER
Write-only
0x40
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to enable PIO interrupts on the corresponding pin. It has effect whether PIO is enabled or not.
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables an interrupt when a change of logic level is detected on the corresponding pin.
15.23 PIO Interrupt Disable Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
PIO_IDR
Write-only
0x44
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to disable PIO interrupts on the corresponding pin. It has effect whether the PIO is enabled or not.
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the interrupt on the corresponding pin. Logic level changes are still detected.
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15.24 PIO Interrupt Mask Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
Reset Value:
PIO_IMR
Read-only
0x48
0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register shows which pins have interrupts enabled. It is updated when interrupts are enabled or disabled by writing to
PIO_IER or PIO_IDR.
0 = Interrupt is not enabled on the corresponding input pin.
1 = Interrupt is enabled on the corresponding input pin.
15.25 PIO Interrupt Status Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
PIO_ISR
Read-only
0x4C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register indicates for each pin when a logic value change has been detected (rising or falling edge). This is valid
whether the PIO is selected for the pin or not and whether the pin is an input or an output.
The register is reset to zero following a read, and at reset.
0 = No input change has been detected on the corresponding pin since the register was last read.
1 = At least one input change has been detected on the corresponding pin since the register was last read.
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15.26 PIO Multi-drive Enable Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
PIO_MDER
Write-only
0x50
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to enable PIO output drivers to be configured as open drain to support external drivers on the same
pin.
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables multi-drive option on the corresponding pin.
15.27 PIO Multi-drive Disable Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
PIO_MDDR
Write-only
0x54
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to disable the open drain configuration of the output buffer.
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the multi-driver option on the corresponding pin.
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15.28 PIO Multi-drive Status Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
Reset Value:
PIO_MDSR
Read-only
0x58
0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register indicates which pins are configured with open drain drivers.
0 = PIO is not configured as an open drain.
1 = PIO is configured as an open drain.
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16. SF: Special Function Registers
The AT91M42800A provides registers that implement the following special functions:
• Chip Identification
• RESET Status
• Protect Mode (see Section 14.9 ”Protect Mode” on page 85)
16.1
Chip Identification
The AT91M42800A chip identifier is 0x14280041.
SF User Interface
Chip ID Base Address: 0xFFF00000 (Code Label SF_BASE)
Table 16-1.
SF Memory Map
Offset
Register
Name
Access
Reset State
0x00
Chip ID Register
SF_CIDR
Read-only
Hardwired
0x04
Chip ID Extension Register
SF_EXID
Read-only
Hardwired
0x08
Reset Status Register
SF_RSR
Read-only
See register
description
0x0C
Reserved
–
–
–
0x10
Reserved
–
–
–
0x14
Reserved
–
–
–
0x18
Protect Mode Register
SF_PMR
Read/Write
0x0
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16.2
Chip ID Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
31
SF_CIDR
Read-only
0x00
30
29
EXT
28
27
26
NVPTYP
23
22
21
20
19
18
ARCH
15
14
25
24
17
16
9
8
1
0
ARCH
VDSIZ
13
12
11
10
NVDSIZ
NVPSIZ
7
6
5
0
1
0
4
3
2
VERSION
• VERSION: Version of the Chip (Code Label SF_VERSION)
This value is incremented by one with each new version of the chip (from zero to a maximum value of 31).
• NVPSIZ: Nonvolatile Program Memory Size
NVPSIZ
Size
Code Label: SF_NVPSIZ
0
0
0
0
None
SF_NVPSIZ_NONE
0
0
1
1
32K Bytes
SF_NVPSIZ_32K
0
1
0
1
64K Bytes
SF_NVP_SIZ_64K
0
1
1
1
128K Bytes
SF_NVP_SIZ_128K
1
0
0
1
256K Bytes
SF_NVP_SIZ_256K
Reserved
–
Others
• NVDSIZ: Nonvolatile Data Memory Size
NVDSIZ
0
0
0
0
Others
Size
Code Label: SF_NVDSIZ
None
SF_NVDSIZ_NONE
Reserved
–
Size
Code Label: SF_VDSIZ
• VDSIZ: Volatile Data Memory Size
VDSIZ
0
0
0
0
None
SF_VDSIZ_NONE
0
0
0
1
1K Byte
SF_VDSIZ_1K
0
0
1
0
2K Bytes
SF_VDSIZ_2K
0
1
0
0
4K Bytes
SF_VDSIZ_4K
1
0
0
0
8K Bytes
SF_VDSIZ_8K
Reserved
–
Others
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• ARCH: Chip Architecture
Code of Architecture: Two BCD digits
ARCH
Selected ARCH
Code Label: SF_ARCH
0110 0011
AT91x63yyy
SF_ARCH_AT91x63
0100 0000
AT91x40yyy
SF_ARCH_AT91x40
0101 0101
AT91x55yyy
SF_ARCH_AT91x55
• NVPTYP: Nonvolatile Program Memory Type
NVPTYP
Type
Code Label: SF_NVPTYP
0
0
1
“M” Series or “F” Series
SF_NVPTYP_M
1
0
0
“R” Series
SF_NVPTYP_R
• EXT: Extension Flag (Code Label SF_EXT)
0 = Chip ID has a single register definition without extensions.
1 = An extended Chip ID exists (to be defined in the future).
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16.3
Chip ID Extension Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
SF_EXID
Read-only
0x04
This register is reserved for future use. It will be defined when needed.
16.4
Reset Status Register
Register Name:
Access Type:
Offset:
SF_RSR
Read-only
0x08
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
RESET
• RESET: Reset Status Information
This field indicates whether the reset was demanded by the external system (via NRST) or by the Watchdog internal reset
request.
118
Reset
Cause of Reset
Code Label
0x6C
External Pin
SF_EXT_RESET
0x53
Internal Watchdog
SF_WD_RESET
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AT91M42800A
16.5
SF Protect Mode Register
Register Name:
Offset:
Reset Value:
31
SF_PMR
0x18
0x00000000
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
PMRKEY
23
22
21
20
PMRKEY
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
AIC
–
–
–
–
–
• AIC: AIC Protect Mode Enable (Code Label SF_AIC)
0 = The Advanced Interrupt Controller runs in Normal Mode.
1 = The Advanced Interrupt Controller runs in Protect Mode.
See Section 14.9 ”Protect Mode” on page 85.
• PMRKEY: Protect Mode Register Key
Used only when writing SF_PMR. PMRKEY reads 0.
0x27A8: Write access in SF_PMR is allowed.
Other value: Write access in SF_PMR is prohibited.
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17. USART: Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
The AT91M42800A provides two identical, full-duplex, universal synchronous/asynchronous
receiver/transmitters that interface to the APB and are connected to the Peripheral Data
Controller.
The main features are:
• Programmable Baud Rate Generator with External or Internal Clock, as well as Slow Clock
• Parity, Framing and Overrun Error Detection
• Line Break Generation and Detection
• Automatic Echo, Local Loopback and Remote Loopback channel modes
• Multi-drop Mode: Address Detection and Generation
• Interrupt Generation
• Two Dedicated Peripheral Data Controller channels
• 5-, 6-, 7-, 8- and 9-bit character length
Figure 17-1. USART Block Diagram
ASB
Peripheral Data Controller
AMBA
Receiver
Channel
Transmitter
Channel
USART Channel
APB
PIO:
Parallel
I/O
Controller
Control Logic
USxIRQ
MCKI
MCKI/8
SLCK
SCK
Receiver
RXD
Transmitter
TXD
Interrupt Control
Baud Rate Generator
Baud Rate Clock
SCK
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17.1
Pin Description
Each USART channel has the following external signals:
Name
Description
SCK
USART Serial clock can be configured as input or output:
SCK is configured as input if an External clock is selected (USCLKS = 3)
SCK is driven as output if the External Clock is disabled (USCLKS ≠ 3) and Clock output is enabled (CLKO = 1)
TXD
Transmit Serial Data is an output
RXD
Receive Serial Data is an input
Notes:
17.2
1. After a hardware reset, the USART clock is disabled by default (see ”PMC: Power Management Controller” on page 55). The user must configure the Power Management Controller
before any access to the User Interface of the USART.
2. After a hardware reset, the USART pins are deselected by default (see ”PIO: Parallel I/O
Controller” on page 97). The user must configure the PIO Controller before enabling the
transmitter or receiver. If the user selects one of the internal clocks, SCK can be configured
as a PIO.
Baud Rate Generator
The Baud Rate Generator provides the bit period clock (the Baud Rate clock) to both the
Receiver and the Transmitter.
The Baud Rate Generator can select between external and internal clock sources. The external clock source is SCK. The internal clock sources can be either the master clock MCK or the
master clock divided by 8 (MCK/8).
Note:
In all cases, if an external clock is used, the duration of each of its levels must be longer than the
system clock (MCK) period. The external clock frequency must be at least 2.5 times lower than
the system clock.
When the USART is programmed to operate in Asynchronous Mode (SYNC = 0 in the Mode
Register US_MR), the selected clock is divided by 16 times the value (CD) written in
US_BRGR (Baud Rate Generator Register). If US_BRGR is set to 0, the Baud Rate Clock is
disabled.
Baud Rate
Selected Clock
16 x CD
=
When the USART is programmed to operate in Synchronous Mode (SYNC = 1) and the
selected clock is internal (USCLKS ≠ 3 in the Mode Register US_MR), the Baud Rate Clock is
the internal selected clock divided by the value written in US_BRGR. If US_BRGR is set to 0,
the Baud Rate Clock is disabled.
Baud Rate
=
Selected Clock
CD
In Synchronous Mode with external clock selected (USCLKS = 3), the clock is provided
directly by the signal on the SCK pin. No division is active. The value written in US_BRGR has
no effect.
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Figure 17-2. Baud Rate Generator
USCLKS
CD
CD
MCK
0
MCK/8
SLCK
SCK
CLK
16-bit Counter
OUT
SYNC
>1
1
1
0
0
0
Divide
by 16
0
Baud Rate
Clock
1
1
SYNC
17.3
17.3.1
Receiver
Asynchronous Receiver
The USART is configured for asynchronous operation when SYNC = 0 (bit 7 of US_MR). In
asynchronous mode, the USART detects the start of a received character by sampling the
RXD signal until it detects a valid start bit. A low level (space) on RXD is interpreted as a valid
start bit if it is detected for more than 7 cycles of the sampling clock, which is 16 times the
baud rate. Hence a space which is longer than 7/16 of the bit period is detected as a valid start
bit. A space which is 7/16 of a bit period or shorter is ignored and the receiver continues to
wait for a valid start bit.
When a valid start bit has been detected, the receiver samples the RXD at the theoretical midpoint of each bit. It is assumed that each bit lasts 16 cycles of the sampling clock (one bit
period) so the sampling point is 8 cycles (0.5 bit periods) after the start of the bit. The first sampling point is therefore 24 cycles (1.5 bit periods) after the falling edge of the start bit was
detected. Each subsequent bit is sampled 16 cycles (1 bit period) after the previous one.
Figure 17-3. Asynchronous Mode: Start Bit Detection
16 x Baud
Rate Clock
RXD
Sampling
True Start
Detection
D0
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1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
Figure 17-4. Asynchronous Mode: Character Reception
Example: 8-bit, parity enabled 1 stop
0.5-bit
period
1-bit
period
RXD
Sampling
17.3.2
D0
D1
True Start Detection
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
Stop Bit
D7
Parity Bit
Synchronous Receiver
When configured for synchronous operation (SYNC = 1), the receiver samples the RXD signal
on each rising edge of the Baud Rate clock. If a low level is detected, it is considered as a
start. Data bits, parity bit and stop bit are sampled and the receiver waits for the next start bit.
See example in Figure 17-5.
Figure 17-5. Synchronous Mode: Character Reception
Example: 8-bit, parity enabled 1 stop
SCK
RXD
Sampling
17.3.3
D0
D1
True Start Detection
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
Stop Bit
D7
Parity Bit
Receiver Ready
When a complete character is received, it is transferred to the US_RHR and the RXRDY status bit in US_CSR is set. If US_RHR has not been read since the last transfer, the OVRE
status bit in US_CSR is set.
17.3.4
Parity Error
Each time a character is received, the receiver calculates the parity of the received data bits,
in accordance with the field PAR in US_MR. It then compares the result with the received parity bit. If different, the parity error bit PARE in US_CSR is set.
17.3.5
Framing Error
If a character is received with a stop bit at low level and with at least one data bit at high level,
a framing error is generated. This sets FRAME in US_CSR.
17.3.6
Time-out
This function allows an idle condition on the RXD line to be detected. The maximum delay for
which the USART should wait for a new character to arrive while the RXD line is inactive (high
level) is programmed in US_RTOR (Receiver Tim-out). When this register is set to 0, no timeout is detected. Otherwise, the receiver waits for a first character and then initializes a counter
which is decremented at each bit period and reloaded at each byte reception. When the
counter reaches 0, the TIMEOUT bit in US_CSR is set. The user can restart the wait for a first
character with the STTTO (Start Time-out) bit in US_CR.
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Calculation of time-out duration:
Duration = Value x 4 x Bit Period
17.4
Transmitter
The transmitter has the same behavior in both synchronous and asynchronous operating
modes. Start bit, data bits, parity bit and stop bits are serially shifted, lowest significant bit first,
on the falling edge of the serial clock. See example in Figure 17-6.
The number of data bits is selected in the CHRL field in US_MR.
The parity bit is set according to the PAR field in US_MR.
The number of stop bits is selected in the NBSTOP field in US_MR.
When a character is written to US_THR (Transmit Holding), it is transferred to the Shift Register as soon as it is empty. When the transfer occurs, the TXRDY bit in US_CSR is set until a
new character is written to US_THR. If Transmit Shift Register and US_THR are both empty,
the TXEMPTY bit in US_CSR is set.
17.4.1
Time-guard
The Time-guard function allows the transmitter to insert an idle state on the TXD line between
two characters. The duration of the idle state is programmed in US_TTGR (Transmitter Timeguard). When this register is set to zero, no time-guard is generated. Otherwise, the transmitter holds a high level on TXD after each transmitted byte during the number of bit periods
programmed in US_TTGR.
Idle state duration
= Time-guard x Bit
between two characters
Period
Value
Figure 17-6. Synchronous and Asynchronous Modes: Character Transmission
Example: 8-bit, parity enabled 1 stop
Baud Rate
Clock
TXD
Start
Bit
17.5
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
Parity
Bit
Stop
Bit
Multi-drop Mode
When the field PAR in US_MR equals 11X (binary value), the USART is configured to run in
Multi-drop mode. In this case, the parity error bit PARE in US_CSR is set when data is
detected with a parity bit set to identify an address byte. PARE is cleared with the Reset Status Bits Command (RSTSTA) in US_CR. If the parity bit is detected low, identifying a data
byte, PARE is not set.
The transmitter sends an address byte (parity bit set) when a Send Address Command
(SENDA) is written to US_CR. In this case, the next byte written to US_THR will be transmitted as an address. After this any byte transmitted will have the parity bit cleared.
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17.6
Break
A break condition is a low signal level that has a duration of at least one character (including
start/stop bits and parity).
17.6.1
Transmit Break
The transmitter generates a break condition on the TXD line when STTBRK is set in US_CR
(Control Register). In this case, the character present in the Transmit Shift Register is completed before the line is held low.
To cancel a break condition on the TXD line, the STPBRK command in US_CR must be set.
The USART completes a minimum break duration of one character length. The TXD line then
returns to high level (idle state) for at least 12 bit periods, or the value of the Time-guard register if it is greater than 12, to ensure that the end of break is correctly detected. Then the
transmitter resumes normal operation.
The BREAK is managed like a character:
• The STTBRK and the STPBRK commands are performed only if the transmitter is ready
(bit TXRDY = 1 in US_CSR)
• The STTBRK command blocks the transmitter holding register (bit TXRDY is cleared in
US_CSR) until the break has started
• A break is started when the Shift Register is empty (any previous character is fully
transmitted). US_CSR.TXEMPTY is cleared. The break blocks the transmitter shift register
until it is completed (high level for at least 12 bit periods after the STPBRK command is
requested)
In order to avoid unpredictable states:
• STTBRK and STPBRK commands must not be requested at the same time
• Once an STTBRK command is requested, further STTBRK commands are ignored until
the BREAK is ended (high level for at least 12 bit periods)
• All STPBRK commands requested without a previous STTBRK command are ignored
• A byte written into the Transmit Holding Register while a break is pending but not started
(bit TXRDY = 0 in US_CSR) is ignored
• It is not permitted to write new data in the Transmit Holding Register while a break is in
progress (STPBRK has not been requested), even though TXRDY = 1 in US_CSR.
• A new STTBRK command must not be issued until an existing break has ended
(TXEMPTY=1 in US_CSR).
The standard break transmission sequence is:
1. Wait for the transmitter ready
(US_CSR.TXRDY = 1)
2. Send the STTBRK command
(write 0x0200 to US_CR)
3. Wait for the transmitter ready
(bit TXRDY = 1 in US_CSR)
4. Send the STPBRK command
(write 0x0400 to US_CR)
The next byte can then be sent:
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5. Wait for the transmitter ready
(bit TXRDY = 1 in US_CSR)
6. Send the next byte
(write byte to US_THR)
Each of these steps can be scheduled by using the interrupt if the bit TXRDY in US_IMR is
set.
For character transmission, the USART channel must be enabled before sending a break.
17.6.2
Receive Break
The receiver detects a break condition when all data, parity and stop bits are low. When the
low stop bit is detected, the receiver asserts the RXBRK bit in US_CSR. An end of receive
break is detected by a high level for at least 2/16 of a bit period in asynchronous operating
mode or at least one sample in synchronous operating mode. RXBRK is also asserted when
an end of break is detected.
Both the beginning and the end of a break can be detected by interrupt if the bit
US_IMR.RXBRK is set.
17.7
Peripheral Data Controller
Each USART channel is closely connected to a corresponding Peripheral Data Controller
channel. One is dedicated to the receiver. The other is dedicated to the transmitter.
The PDC is disabled if 9-bit character length is selected (MODE9 = 1) in US_MR.
The PDC channel is programmed using US_TPR (Transmit Pointer) and US_TCR (Transmit
Counter) for the transmitter and US_RPR (Receive Pointer) and US_RCR (Receive Counter)
for the receiver. The status of the PDC is given in US_CSR by the ENDTX bit for the transmitter and by the ENDRX bit for the receiver.
The pointer registers (US_TPR and US_RPR) are used to store the address of the transmit or
receive buffers. The counter registers (US_TCR and US_RCR) are used to store the size of
these buffers.
The receiver data transfer is triggered by the RXRDY bit and the transmitter data transfer is
triggered by TXRDY. When a transfer is performed, the counter is decremented and the
pointer is incremented. When the counter reaches 0, the status bit is set (ENDRX for the
receiver, ENDTX for the transmitter in US_CSR) and can be programmed to generate an interrupt. Transfers are then disabled until a new non-zero counter value is programmed.
17.8
Interrupt Generation
Each status bit in US_CSR has a corresponding bit in US_IER (Interrupt Enable) and US_IDR
(Interrupt Disable) which controls the generation of interrupts by asserting the USART interrupt line connected to the Advanced Interrupt Controller. US_IMR (Interrupt Mask Register)
indicates the status of the corresponding bits.
When a bit is set in US_CSR and the same bit is set in US_IMR, the interrupt line is asserted.
17.9
Channel Modes
The USART can be programmed to operate in three different test modes, using the field
CHMODE in US_MR.
127
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
Automatic echo mode allows bit by bit re-transmission. When a bit is received on the RXD line,
it is sent to the TXD line. Programming the transmitter has no effect.
Local loopback mode allows the transmitted characters to be received. TXD and RXD pins are
not used and the output of the transmitter is internally connected to the input of the receiver.
The RXD pin level has no effect and the TXD pin is held high, as in idle state.
Remote loopback mode directly connects the RXD pin to the TXD pin. The Transmitter and
the Receiver are disabled and have no effect. This mode allows bit-by-bit re-transmission.
Figure 17-7. Channel Modes
Automatic Echo
RXD
Receiver
Transmitter
Disabled
TXD
Local Loopback
Disabled
Receiver
RXD
VDD
Disabled
Transmitter
Remote Loopback
Receiver
Transmitter
128
TXD
VDD
Disabled
Disabled
RXD
TXD
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
17.10 USART User Interface
Base Address USART0: 0xFFFC0000 (Code Label USART0_BASE)
Base Address USART1: 0xFFFC4000 (Code Label USART1_BASE)
Table 2. USART Memory Map
Offset
Register
Name
Access
Reset State
0x00
Control Register
US_CR
Write-only
–
0x04
Mode Register
US_MR
Read/Write
0
0x08
Interrupt Enable Register
US_IER
Write-only
–
0x0C
Interrupt Disable Register
US_IDR
Write-only
–
0x10
Interrupt Mask Register
US_IMR
Read-only
0
0x14
Channel Status Register
US_CSR
Read-only
0x18
0x18
Receiver Holding Register
US_RHR
Read-only
0
0x1C
Transmitter Holding Register
US_THR
Write-only
–
0x20
Baud Rate Generator Register
US_BRGR
Read/Write
0
0x24
Receiver Time-out Register
US_RTOR
Read/Write
0
0x28
Transmitter Time-guard Register
US_TTGR
Read/Write
0
0x2C
Reserved
–
–
–
0x30
Receive Pointer Register
US_RPR
Read/Write
0
0x34
Receive Counter Register
US_RCR
Read/Write
0
0x38
Transmit Pointer Register
US_TPR
Read/Write
0
0x3C
Transmit Counter Register
US_TCR
Read/Write
0
129
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
17.11 USART Control Register
Name:
US_CR
Access Type:
Write-only
Offset:
0x00
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
SENDA
STTTO
STPBRK
STTBRK
RSTSTA
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TXDIS
TXEN
RXDIS
RXEN
RSTTX
RSTRX
–
–
• RSTRX: Reset Receiver (Code Label US_RSTRX)
0 = No effect.
1 = The receiver logic is reset.
• RSTTX: Reset Transmitter (Code Label US_RSTTX)
0 = No effect.
1 = The transmitter logic is reset.
• RXEN: Receiver Enable (Code Label US_RXEN)
0 = No effect.
1 = The receiver is enabled if RXDIS is 0.
• RXDIS: Receiver Disable (Code Label US_RXDIS)
0 = No effect.
1 = The receiver is disabled.
• TXEN: Transmitter Enable (Code Label US_TXEN)
0 = No effect.
1 = The transmitter is enabled if TXDIS is 0.
• TXDIS: Transmitter Disable (Code Label US_TXDIS)
0 = No effect.
1 = The transmitter is disabled.
• RSTSTA: Reset Status Bits (Code Label US_RSTSTA)
0 = No effect.
1 = Resets the status bits PARE, FRAME, OVRE and RXBRK in the US_CSR.
• STTBRK: Start Break (Code Label US_STTBRK)
0 = No effect.
1 = If break is not being transmitted, start transmission of a break after the characters present in US_THR and the Transmit
Shift Register have been transmitted.
• STPBRK: Stop Break (Code Label US_STPBRK)
0 = No effect.
1 = If a break is being transmitted, stop transmission of the break after a minimum of one character length and transmit a
high level during 12 bit periods.
130
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
• STTTO: Start Time-out (Code Label US_STTTO)
0 = No effect.
1 = Start waiting for a character before clocking the time-out counter.
• SENDA: Send Address (Code Label US_SENDA)
0 = No effect.
1 = In Multi-drop Mode only, the next character written to the US_THR is sent with the address bit set.
131
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
17.12 USART Mode Register
Name:
132
US_MR
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
Access Type:
Read/Write
Offset:
0x04
Reset Value:
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
CLKO
MODE9
–
14
13
12
11
10
9
15
CHMODE
7
NBSTOP
6
5
CHRL
PAR
4
USCLKS
8
SYNC
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
• USCLKS: Clock Selection (Baud Rate Generator Input Clock)
USCLKS
Selected Clock
Code Label: US_CLKS
0
0
MCK
US_CLKS_MCK
0
1
MCK/8
US_CLKS_MCK8
1
0
Slow Clock
US_CLKS_SLCK
1
1
External (SCK)
US_CLKS_SCK
Character Length
Code Label: US_CHRL
• CHRL: Character Length
CHRL
0
0
Five bits
US_CHRL_5
0
1
Six bits
US_CHRL_6
1
0
Seven bits
US_CHRL_7
1
1
Eight bits
US_CHRL_8
Start, stop and parity bits are added to the character length.
• SYNC: Synchronous Mode Select (Code Label US_SYNC)
0 = USART operates in Asynchronous Mode.
1 = USART operates in Synchronous Mode.
• PAR: Parity Type
PAR
Parity Type
Code Label: US_PAR
0
0
0
Even Parity
US_PAR_EVEN
0
0
1
Odd Parity
US_PAR_ODD
0
1
0
Parity forced to 0 (Space)
US_PAR_SPACE
0
1
1
Parity forced to 1 (Mark)
US_PAR_MARK
1
0
x
No parity
US_PAR_NO
1
1
x
Multi-drop mode
US_PAR_MULTIDROP
• NBSTOP: Number of Stop Bits
133
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
The interpretation of the number of stop bits depends on SYNC.
NBSTOP
Asynchronous (SYNC = 0)
Synchronous (SYNC = 1)
Code Label: US_NBSTOP
0
0
1 stop bit
1 stop bit
US_NBSTOP_1
0
1
1.5 stop bits
Reserved
US_NBSTOP_1_5
1
0
2 stop bits
2 stop bits
US_NBSTOP_2
1
Note:
1
Reserved
Reserved
–
1.5 or 2 stop bits are reserved for the TX function. The RX function uses only the 1 stop bit (there is no check on the 2 stop bit
timeslot if NBSTO P= 10).
• CHMODE: Channel Mode
CHMODE
Mode Description
Code Label: US_CHMODE
0
0
Normal Mode
The USART Channel operates as an Rx/Tx USART.
US_CHMODE_NORMAL
0
1
Automatic Echo
Receiver Data Input is connected to TXD pin.
US_CHMODE_AUTOMATIC_ECHO
1
0
Local Loopback
Transmitter Output Signal is connected to Receiver Input Signal.
US_CHMODE_LOCAL_LOOPBACK
1
1
Remote Loopback
RXD pin is internally connected to TXD pin.
US_CHMODE_REMOTE_LOOPBACK
• MODE9: 9-Bit Character Length (Code Label US_MODE9)
0 = CHRL defines character length.
1 = 9-Bit character length.
• CKLO: Clock Output Select (Code Label US_CLKO)
0 = The USART does not drive the SCK pin.
1 = The USART drives the SCK pin.
134
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
17.13 USART Interrupt Enable Register
Name:
US_IER
Access Type:
Write-only
Offset:
0x08
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
COMMRX
COMMTX
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
TXEMPTY
TIMEOUT
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PARE
FRAME
OVRE
ENDTX
ENDRX
RXBRK
TXRDY
RXRDY
• RXRDY: Enable RXRDY Interrupt (Code Label US_RXRDY)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables RXRDY Interrupt.
• TXRDY: Enable TXRDY Interrupt (Code Label US_TXRDY)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables TXRDY Interrupt.
• RXBRK: Enable Receiver Break Interrupt (Code Label US_RXBRK)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables Receiver Break Interrupt.
• ENDRX: Enable End of Receive Transfer Interrupt (Code Label US_ENDRX)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables End of Receive Transfer Interrupt.
• ENDTX: Enable End of Transmit Transfer Interrupt (Code Label US_ENDTX)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables End of Transmit Transfer Interrupt.
• OVRE: Enable Overrun Error Interrupt (Code Label US_OVRE)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables Overrun Error Interrupt.
• FRAME: Enable Framing Error Interrupt (Code Label US_FRAME)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables Framing Error Interrupt.
• PARE: Enable Parity Error Interrupt (Code Label US_PARE)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables Parity Error Interrupt.
• TIMEOUT: Enable Time-out Interrupt (Code Label US_TIMEOUT)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables Reception Time-out Interrupt.
• TXEMPTY: Enable TXEMPTY Interrupt (Code Label US_TXEMPTY)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables TXEMPTY Interrupt.
135
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
• COMMTX: Enable ARM7TDMI ICE Debug Communication Channel Transmit Interrupt
This bit is implemented for USART0 only.
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables COMMTX Interrupt
• COMMRX: Enable ARM7TDMI ICE Debug Communication Channel Receive Interrupt
This bit is implemented for USART0 only.
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables COMMRX Interrupt
136
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
17.14 USART Interrupt Disable Register
Name:
US_IDR
Access Type:
Write-only
Offset:
0x0C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
COMMRX
COMMTX
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
TXEMPTY
TIMEOUT
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PARE
FRAME
OVRE
ENDTX
ENDRX
RXBRK
TXRDY
RXRDY
• RXRDY: Disable RXRDY Interrupt (Code Label US_RXRDY)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables RXRDY Interrupt.
• TXRDY: Disable TXRDY Interrupt (Code Label US_TXRDY)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables TXRDY Interrupt.
• RXBRK: Disable Receiver Break Interrupt (Code Label US_RXBRK)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables Receiver Break Interrupt.
• ENDRX: Disable End of Receive Transfer Interrupt (Code Label US_ENDRX)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables End of Receive Transfer Interrupt.
• ENDTX: Disable End of Transmit Transfer Interrupt (Code Label US_ENDTX)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables End of Transmit Transfer Interrupt.
• OVRE: Disable Overrun Error Interrupt (Code Label US_OVRE)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables Overrun Error Interrupt.
• FRAME: Disable Framing Error Interrupt (Code Label US_FRAME)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables Framing Error Interrupt.
• PARE: Disable Parity Error Interrupt (Code Label US_PARE)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables Parity Error Interrupt.
• TIMEOUT: Disable Time-out Interrupt (Code Label US_TIMEOUT)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables Receiver Time-out Interrupt.
• TXEMPTY: Disable TXEMPTY Interrupt (Code Label US_TXEMPTY)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables TXEMPTY Interrupt.
137
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
• COMMTX: Disable ARM7TDMI ICE Debug Communication Channel Transmit Interrupt
This bit is implemented for USART0 only.
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables COMMTX Interrupt.
• COMMRX: Disable ARM7TDMI ICE Debug Communication Channel Receive Interrupt
This bit is implemented for USART0 only.
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables COMMRX Interrupt.
138
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
17.15 USART Interrupt Mask Register
Name:
US_IMR
Access Type:
Read-only
Offset:
0x10
Reset Value:
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
COMMRX
COMMTX
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
TXEMPTY
TIMEOUT
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PARE
FRAME
OVRE
ENDTX
ENDRX
RXBRK
TXRDY
RXRDY
• RXRDY: RXRDY Interrupt Mask (Code Label US_RXRDY)
0 = RXRDY Interrupt is Disabled.
1 = RXRDY Interrupt is Enabled.
• TXRDY: TXRDY Interrupt Mask (Code Label US_TXRDY)
0 = TXRDY Interrupt is Disabled.
1 = TXRDY Interrupt is Enabled.
• RXBRK: Receiver Break Interrupt Mask (Code Label US_RXBRK)
0 = Receiver Break Interrupt is Disabled.
1 = Receiver Break Interrupt is Enabled.
• ENDRX: End of Receive Transfer Interrupt Mask (Code Label US_ENDRX)
0 = End of Receive Transfer Interrupt is Disabled.
1 = End of Receive Transfer Interrupt is Enabled.
• ENDTX: End of Transmit Transfer Interrupt Mask (Code Label US_ENDTX)
0 = End of Transmit Transfer Interrupt is Disabled.
1 = End of Transmit Transfer Interrupt is Enabled.
• OVRE: Overrun Error Interrupt Mask (Code Label US_OVRE)
0 = Overrun Error Interrupt is Disabled.
1 = Overrun Error Interrupt is Enabled.
• FRAME: Framing Error Interrupt Mask (Code Label US_FRAME)
0 = Framing Error Interrupt is Disabled.
1 = Framing Error Interrupt is Enabled.
• PARE: Parity Error Interrupt Mask (Code Label US_PARE)
0 = Parity Error Interrupt is Disabled.
1 = Parity Error Interrupt is Enabled.
• TIMEOUT: Time-out Interrupt Mask (Code Label US_TIMEOUT)
0 = Receive Time-out Interrupt is Disabled.
1 = Receive Time-out Interrupt is Enabled.
• TXEMPTY: TXEMPTY Interrupt Mask (Code Label US_TXEMPTY)
0 = TXEMPTY Interrupt is Disabled.
139
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
1 = TXEMPTY Interrupt is Enabled.
• COMMTX: ARM7TDMI ICE Debug Communication Channel Transmit Interrupt Mask
This bit is implemented for USART0 only.
0 = COMMTX Interrupt is Disabled
1 = COMMTX Interrupt is Enabled
• COMMRX: ARM7TDMI ICE Debug Communication Channel Receive Interrupt Mask
This bit is implemented for USART0 only.
0 = COMMRX Interrupt is Disabled
1 = COMMRX Interrupt is Enabled
140
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
17.16 USART Channel Status Register
Name:
US_CSR
Access Type:
Read-only
Offset:
0x14
Reset Value:
0x18
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
COMMRX
COMMTX
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
TXEMPTY
TIMEOUT
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PARE
FRAME
OVRE
ENDTX
ENDRX
RXBRK
TXRDY
RXRDY
• RXRDY: Receiver Ready (Code Label US_RXRDY)
0 = No complete character has been received since the last read of the US_RHR or the receiver is disabled. If characters
were being received when the receiver was disabled, RXRDY changes to 1 when the receiver is enabled.
1 = At least one complete character has been received and the US_RHR has not yet been read.
• TXRDY: Transmitter Ready (Code Label US_TXRDY)
0 = A character is in the US_THR waiting to be transferred to the Transmit Shift Register, or an STTBRK command has
been requested, or the transmitter is disabled. As soon as the transmitter is enabled, TXRDY becomes 1.
1 = US_THR is empty and there is no Break request pending TSR availability.
Equal to zero when the USART is disabled or at reset. Transmitter Enable command (in US_CR) sets this bit to one.
• RXBRK: Break Received/End of Break (Code Label US_RXBRK)
0 = No Break Received nor End of Break detected since the last “Reset Status Bits” command in the Control Register.
1 = Break Received or End of Break detected since the last “Reset Status Bits” command in the Control Register.
• ENDRX: End of Receive Transfer (Code Label US_ENDRX)
0 = The End of Transfer signal from the Peripheral Data Controller channel dedicated to the receiver is inactive.
1 = The End of Transfer signal from the Peripheral Data Controller channel dedicated to the receiver is active.
• ENDTX: End of Transmit Transfer (Code Label US_ENDTX)
0 = The End of Transfer signal from the Peripheral Data Controller channel dedicated to the transmitter is inactive.
1 = The End of Transfer signal from the Peripheral Data Controller channel dedicated to the transmitter is active.
• OVRE: Overrun Error (Code Label US_OVRE)
0 = No byte has been transferred from the Receive Shift Register to the US_RHR when RxRDY was asserted since the last
“Reset Status Bits” command.
1 = At least one byte has been transferred from the Receive Shift Register to the US_RHR when RxRDY was asserted
since the last “Reset Status Bits” command.
• FRAME: Framing Error (Code Label US_FRAME)
0 = No stop bit has been detected low since the last “Reset Status Bits” command.
1 = At least one stop bit has been detected low since the last “Reset Status Bits” command.
• PARE: Parity Error (Code Label US_PARE)
1 = At least one parity bit has been detected false (or a parity bit high in multi-drop mode) since the last “Reset Status Bits”
command.
0 = No parity bit has been detected false (or a parity bit high in multi-drop mode) since the last “Reset Status Bits”
command.
141
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
• TIMEOUT: Receiver Time-out (Code Label US_TIMEOUT)
0 = There has not been a time-out since the last “Start Time-out” command or the Time-out Register is 0.
1 = There has been a time-out since the last “Start Time-out” command.
• TXEMPTY: Transmitter Empty (Code Label US_TXEMPTY)
0 = There are characters in either US_THR or the Transmit Shift Register, or the transmitter is disabled.
1 = There are no characters in either US_THR or the Transmit Shift Register. TXEMPTY is 1 after Parity, Stop Bit and
Time-guard have been transmitted. TXEMPTY is 1 after stop bit has been sent, or after Time-guard has been sent if
US_TTGR is not 0.
Equal to zero when the USART is disabled or at reset. Transmitter Enable command (in US_CR) sets this bit to one, if the
transmitter is disabled.
• COMMTX: ARM7TDMI ICE Debug Communication Channel Transmit Status
For USART0 only. Refer to the ARM7TDMI Datasheet for a complete description of this flag.
• COMMRX: ARM7TDMI ICE Debug Communication Channel Receive Status
For USART0 only. Refer to the ARM7TDMI Datasheet for a complete description of this flag.
142
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
17.17 USART Receiver Holding Register
Name:
US_RHR
Access Type:
Read-only
Offset:
0x18
Reset Value:
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
RXCHR
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
RXCHR
• RXCHR: Received Character
Last character received if RXRDY is set. When number of data bits is less than 9 bits, the bits are right-aligned.
All unused bits read zero.
17.18 USART Transmitter Holding Register
Name:
US_THR
Access Type:
Write-only
Offset:
0x1C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
TXCHR
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TXCHR
• TXCHR: Character to be Transmitted
Next character to be transmitted after the current character if TXRDY is not set. When number of data bits is less than 9
bits, the bits are right-aligned.
143
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
17.19 USART Baud Rate Generator Register
Name:
US_BRGR
Access Type:
Read/Write
Offset:
0x20
Reset Value:
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
CD
7
6
5
4
CD
• CD: Clock Divisor
This register has no effect if Synchronous Mode is selected with an external clock.
CD
0
Disables Clock
1
Clock Divisor Bypass (1)
2 to 65535
Notes:
144
Baud Rate (Asynchronous Mode (2)) = Selected Clock/(16 x CD)
Baud Rate (Synchronous Mode) = Selected Clock/CD
1. In Synchronous mode, the value programmed must be even to ensure a 50:50 mark:space ratio.
2. Clock divisor bypass (CD = 1) must not be used when internal clock MCK is selected (USCLKS = 0).
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
17.20 USART Receiver Time-out Register
Name:
US_RTOR
Access Type:
Read/Write
Offset:
0x24
Reset Value:
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TO
• TO: Time-out Value
When a value is written to this register, a Start Time-out Command is automatically performed.
TO
0
1- 255
Disables the RX Time-out function.
The Time-out counter is loaded with TO when the Start Time-out Command is given or when each new data character is
received (after reception has started).
Time-out duration = TO x 4 x Bit period
145
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
17.21 USART Transmitter Time-guard Register
Name:
US_TTGR
Access Type:
Read/Write
Offset:
0x28
Reset Value:
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TG
• TG: Time-guard Value
TG
0
Disables the TX Time-guard function.
1 - 255
TXD is inactive high after the transmission of each character for the time-guard duration.
Time-guard duration = TG x Bit period
146
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
17.22 USART Receive Pointer Register
Name:
US_RPR
Access Type:
Read/Write
Offset:
0x30
Reset Value:
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
RXPTR
23
22
21
20
RXPTR
15
14
13
12
RXPTR
7
6
5
4
RXPTR
• RXPTR: Receive Pointer
RXPTR must be loaded with the address of the receive buffer.
17.23 USART Receive Counter Register
Name:
US_RCR
Access Type:
Read/Write
Offset:
0x34
Reset Value:
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
RXCTR
7
6
5
4
RXCTR
• RXCTR: Receive Counter
RXCTR must be loaded with the size of the receive buffer.
0: Stop Peripheral Data Transfer dedicated to the receiver.
1-65535: Start Peripheral Data transfer if RXRDY is active.
147
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
17.24 USART Transmit Pointer Register
Name:
US_TPR
Access Type:
Read/Write
Offset:
0x38
Reset Value:
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
TXPTR
23
22
21
20
TXPTR
15
14
13
12
TXPTR
7
6
5
4
TXPTR
• TXPTR: Transmit Pointer
TXPTR must be loaded with the address of the transmit buffer.
17.25 USART Transmit Counter Register
Name:
US_TCR
Access Type:
Read/Write
Offset:
0x3C
Reset Value:
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
TXCTR
7
6
5
4
TXCTR
• TXCTR: Transmit Counter
TXCTR must be loaded with the size of the transmit buffer.
0: Stop Peripheral Data Transfer dedicated to the transmitter.
1-65535: Start Peripheral Data transfer if TXRDY is active.
148
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
18. TC: Timer/Counter
The AT91M42800A features two Timer/Counter blocks, each containing three identical 16-bit
Timer/Counter channels. Each channel can be independently programmed to perform a wide
range of functions including frequency measurement, event counting, interval measurement,
pulse generation, delay timing and pulse width modulation.
Each Timer/Counter (TC) channel has 3 external clock inputs, 5 internal clock inputs, and 2
multi-purpose input/output signals which can be configured by the user. Each channel drives
an internal interrupt signal which can be programmed to generate processor interrupts via the
AIC (Advanced Interrupt Controller).
The Timer/Counter block has two global registers which act upon all three TC channels. The
Block Control Register allows the three channels to be started simultaneously with the same
instruction. The Block Mode Register defines the external clock inputs for each Timer/Counter
channel, allowing them to be chained.
Each Timer/Counter block operates independently and has a complete set of block and channel registers. Since they are identical in operation, only one block is described below (see
Timer/Counter Description on page 152). The internal configuration of a single Timer/Counter
Block is shown in Figure 18-1.
149
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
Figure 18-1. TC Block Diagram
Parallel IO
Controller
MCK/2
TCLK0
MCK/8
TIOA1
TIOA2
XC0
MCK/32
XC1
TCLK1
Timer/Counter
Channel 0
TIOA
TIOA0
TIOB0
TIOA0
TIOB
MCK/128
XC2
TCLK2
TC0XC0S
SLCK
TIOB0
SYNC
TCLK0
TCLK1
TCLK2
INT
TCLK0
XC0
TCLK1
TIOA0
XC1
Timer/Counter
Channel 1
TIOA
TIOA1
TIOB1
TIOA1
TIOB
TIOA2
TCLK2
XC2
TC1XC1S
TCLK0
XC0
TCLK1
XC1
TIOB1
SYNC
Timer/Counter
Channel 2
INT
TIOA
TIOA2
TIOB2
TIOA2
TIOB
TCLK2
XC2
TIOA0
TIOA1
TC2XC2S
TIOB2
SYNC
INT
Timer Counter Block
Advanced
Interrupt
Controller
150
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
18.1
Signal Name Description(1, 2)
Channel Signals
XC0, XC1, XC2
External Clock Inputs
TIOA
Capture Mode: General-purpose Input
Waveform Mode: General-purpose Output
TIOB
Capture Mode: General-purpose Input
Waveform Mode: General-purpose Input/Output
INT
SYNC
Block 0 Signals
TCLK0, TCLK1, TCLK2
Interrupt Signal Output
Synchronization Input Signal
Description
External Clock Inputs for Channels 0, 1, 2
TIOA0
TIOA Signal for Channel 0
TIOB0
TIOB Signal for Channel 0
TIOA1
TIOA Signal for Channel 1
TIOB1
TIOB Signal for Channel 1
TIOA2
TIOA Signal for Channel 2
TIOB2
TIOB Signal for Channel 2
Block 1 Signals
TCLK3, TCLK4, TCLK5
Notes:
Description
Description
External Clock Inputs for Channels 3, 4, 5
TIOA3
TIOA Signal for Channel 3
TIOB3
TIOB Signal for Channel 3
TIOA4
TIOA Signal for Channel 4
TIOB4
TIOB Signal for Channel 4
TIOA5
TIOA Signal for Channel 5
TIOB5
TIOB Signal for Channel 5
1. After a hardware reset, the TC clock is disabled by default (see ”PMC: Power Management Controller” on page 55). The
user must configure the Power Management Controller before any access to the User Interface of the TC.
2. After a hardware reset, the Timer/Counter block pins are controlled by the PIO Controller. They must be configured to be
controlled by the peripheral before being used.
151
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
18.2
Timer/Counter Description
Each Timer/Counter channel is identical in operation. The registers for channel programming
are listed in Table 8.
18.2.1
Counter
Each Timer/Counter channel is organized around a 16-bit counter. The value of the counter is
incremented at each positive edge of the input clock. When the counter reaches the value
0xFFFF and passes to 0x0000, an overflow occurs and the bit COVFS in TC_SR (Status Register) is set.
The current value of the counter is accessible in real time by reading TC_CV. The counter can
be reset by a trigger. In this case, the counter value passes to 0x0000 on the next valid edge
of the clock.
18.2.2
Clock Selection
At block level, input clock signals of each channel can either be connected to the external
inputs TCLK0, TCLK1 or TCLK2, or be connected to the configurable I/O signals TIOA0,
TIOA1 or TIOA2 for chaining by programming the TC_BMR (Block mode).
Each channel can independently select an internal or external clock source for its counter:
• Internal clock signals: MCK/2, MCK/8, MCK/32,
MCK/128 and Slow Clock SLCK
• External clock signals: XC0, XC1 or XC2
The selected clock can be inverted with the CLKI bit in TC_CMR (Channel mode). This allows
counting on the opposite edges of the clock.
The burst function allows the clock to be validated when an external signal is high. The
BURST parameter in the Mode Register defines this signal (none, XC0, XC1, XC2).
Note:
152
In all cases, if an external clock is used, the duration of each of its levels must be longer than the
system clock (MCK) period. The external clock frequency must be at least 2.5 times lower than
the system clock.
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
Figure 18-2. Clock Selection
CLKS
CLKI
MCK/2
MCK/8
MCK/32
MCK/128
Selected
Clock
SLCK
XC0
XC1
XC2
BURST
1
18.2.3
Clock Control
The clock of each counter can be controlled in two different ways: it can be enabled/disabled
and started/stopped.
• The clock can be enabled or disabled by the user with the CLKEN and the CLKDIS
commands in the Control Register. In Capture Mode it can be disabled by an RB load event
if LDBDIS is set to 1 in TC_CMR. In Waveform Mode, it can be disabled by an RC Compare
event if CPCDIS is set to 1 in TC_CMR. When disabled, the start or the stop actions have
no effect: only a CLKEN command in the Control Register can re-enable the clock. When
the clock is enabled, the CLKSTA bit is set in the Status Register.
• The clock can also be started or stopped: a trigger (software, synchro, external or
compare) always starts the clock. The clock can be stopped by an RB load event in
Capture Mode (LDBSTOP = 1 in TC_CMR) or a RC compare event in Waveform Mode
(CPCSTOP = 1 in TC_CMR). The start and the stop commands have effect only if the clock
is enabled.
153
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
Figure 18-3. Clock Control
Selected
Clock
Trigger
CLKSTA
Q
Q
S
CLKEN
CLKDIS
S
R
R
Counter
Clock
18.2.4
Stop
Event
Disable
Event
Timer/Counter Operating Modes
Each Timer/Counter channel can independently operate in two different modes:
• Capture mode allows measurement on signals
• Waveform mode allows wave generation
The Timer/Counter mode is programmed with the WAVE bit in the TC Mode Register. In Capture mode, TIOA and TIOB are configured as inputs. In Waveform mode, TIOA is always
configured to be an output and TIOB is an output if it is not selected to be the external trigger.
18.2.5
Trigger
A trigger resets the counter and starts the counter clock. Three types of triggers are common
to both modes, and a fourth external trigger is available to each mode.
The following triggers are common to both modes:
• Software Trigger: Each channel has a software trigger, available by setting SWTRG in
TC_CCR.
• SYNC: Each channel has a synchronization signal SYNC. When asserted, this signal has
the same effect as a software trigger. The SYNC signals of all channels are asserted
simultaneously by writing TC_BCR (Block Control) with SYNC set.
• Compare RC Trigger: RC is implemented in each channel and can provide a trigger when
the counter value matches the RC value if CPCTRG is set in TC_CMR.
The Timer/Counter channel can also be configured to have an external trigger. In Capture
Mode, the external trigger signal can be selected between TIOA and TIOB. In Waveform
Mode, an external event can be programmed on one of the following signals: TIOB, XC0, XC1
or XC2. This external event can then be programmed to perform a trigger by setting ENETRG
in TC_CMR.
If an external trigger is used, the duration of the pulses must be longer than the system clock
(MCK) period in order to be detected.
154
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
18.3
Capture Operating Mode
This mode is entered by clearing the WAVE parameter in TC_CMR (Channel Mode Register).
Capture Mode allows the TC Channel to perform measurements such as pulse timing, frequency, period, duty cycle and phase on TIOA and TIOB signals which are considered as
input.
Figure 18-4 shows the configuration of the TC Channel when programmed in Capture Mode.
18.3.1
Capture Registers A and B (RA and RB)
Registers A and B are used as capture registers. This means that they can be loaded with the
counter value when a programmable event occurs on the signal TIOA.
The parameter LDRA in TC_CMR defines the TIOA edge for the loading of register A, and the
parameter LDRB defines the TIOA edge for the loading of Register B.
RA is loaded only if it has not been loaded since the last trigger or if RB has been loaded since
the last loading of RA.
RB is loaded only if RA has been loaded since the last trigger or the last loading of RB.
Loading RA or RB before the read of the last value loaded sets the Overrun Error Flag
(LOVRS) in TC_SR (Status Register). In this case, the old value is overwritten.
18.3.2
Trigger Conditions
In addition to the SYNC signal, the software trigger and the RC compare trigger, an external
trigger can be defined.
Bit ABETRG in TC_CMR selects input signal TIOA or TIOB as an external trigger. Parameter
ETRGEDG defines the edge (rising, falling or both) detected to generate an external trigger. If
ETRGEDG = 0 (none), the external trigger is disabled.
18.3.3
Status Register
The following bits in the status register are significant in Capture Operating mode.
• CPCS: RC Compare Status
There has been an RC Compare match at least once since the last read of the status
• COVFS: Counter Overflow Status
The counter has attempted to count past $FFFF since the last read of the status
• LOVRS: Load Overrun Status
RA or RB has been loaded at least twice without any read of the corresponding register,
since the last read of the status
• LDRAS: Load RA Status
RA has been loaded at least once without any read, since the last read of the status
• LDRBS: Load RB Status
RB has been loaded at least once without any read, since the last read of the status
• ETRGS: External Trigger Status
An external trigger on TIOA or TIOB has been detected since the last read of the status
155
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
Figure 18-4. Capture Mode
156
AT91M42800A
TCCLKS
CLKSTA
CLKI
CLKEN
CLKDIS
MCK/2
MCK/8
MCK/32
Q
S
MCK/128
SLCK
Q
XC0
R
S
R
XC1
XC2
LDBSTOP
LDBDIS
BURST
Register C
Capture
Register A
1
SWTRG
Capture
Register B
Compare RC =
16-bit Counter
CLK
OVF
RESET
SYNC
Trig
ABETRG
CPCTRG
ETRGEDG
MTIOB
Edge
Detector
INT
CPCS
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
Timer Counter Channel
LOVRS
LDRBS
If RA is loaded
COVFS
Edge
Detector
LDRAS
TIOA
Edge
Detector
TC_IMR
If RA is not loaded
or RB is loaded
LDRB
ETRGS
MTIOA
LDRA
TC_SR
TIOB
AT91M42800A
18.4
Waveform Operating Mode
This mode is entered by setting the WAVE parameter in TC_CMR (Channel Mode Register).
Waveform Operating Mode allows the TC Channel to generate 1 or 2 PWM signals with the
same frequency and independently programmable duty cycles, or to generate different types
of one-shot or repetitive pulses.
In this mode, TIOA is configured as output and TIOB is defined as output if it is not used as an
external event (EEVT parameter in TC_CMR).
Figure 18-5 shows the configuration of the TC Channel when programmed in Waveform Operating Mode.
18.4.1
Compare Register A, B and C (RA, RB, and RC)
In Waveform Operating Mode, RA, RB and RC are all used as compare registers.
RA Compare is used to control the TIOA output. RB Compare is used to control the TIOB (if
configured as output). RC Compare can be programmed to control TIOA and/or TIOB outputs.
RC Compare can also stop the counter clock (CPCSTOP = 1 in TC_CMR) and/or disable the
counter clock (CPCDIS = 1 in TC_CMR).
As in Capture Mode, RC Compare can also generate a trigger if CPCTRG = 1. Trigger resets
the counter so RC can control the period of PWM waveforms.
18.4.2
External Event/Trigger Conditions
An external event can be programmed to be detected on one of the clock sources (XC0, XC1,
XC2) or TIOB. The external event selected can then be used as a trigger.
The parameter EEVT in TC_CMR selects the external trigger. The parameter EEVTEDG
defines the trigger edge for each of the possible external triggers (rising, falling or both). If
EEVTEDG is cleared (none), no external event is defined.
If TIOB is defined as an external event signal (EEVT = 0), TIOB is no longer used as output
and the TC channel can only generate a waveform on TIOA.
When an external event is defined, it can be used as a trigger by setting bit ENETRG in
TC_CMR.
As in Capture Mode, the SYNC signal, the software trigger and the RC compare trigger are
also available as triggers.
18.4.3
Output Controller
The output controller defines the output level changes on TIOA and TIOB following an event.
TIOB control is used only if TIOB is defined as output (not as an external event).
The following events control TIOA and TIOB: software trigger, external event and RC compare. RA compare controls TIOA and RB compare controls TIOB. Each of these events can
be programmed to set, clear or toggle the output as defined in the corresponding parameter in
TC_CMR.
157
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
The tables below show which parameter in TC_CMR is used to define the effect of each event.
Parameter
TIOA Event
ASWTRG
Software Trigger
AEEVT
External Event
ACPC
RC Compare
ACPA
RA Compare
Parameter
TIOB Event
BSWTRG
Software Trigger
BEEVT
External Event
BCPC
RC Compare
BCPB
RB Compare
If two or more events occur at the same time, the priority level is defined as follows:
1. Software Trigger
2. External Event
3. RC Compare
4. RA or RB Compare
18.4.4
Status
The following bits in the status register are significant in Waveform mode:
• CPAS: RA Compare Status
There has been a RA Compare match at least once since the last read of the status
• CPBS: RB Compare Status
There has been a RB Compare match at least once since the last read of the status
• CPCS: RC Compare Status
There has been a RC Compare match at least once since the last read of the status
• COVFS: Counter Overflow
Counter has attempted to count past $FFFF since the last read of the status
• ETRGS: External Trigger
External trigger has been detected since the last read of the status
158
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
Figure 18-5. Waveform Mode
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
TCCLKS
CLKSTA
MCK/2
CLKEN
CLKDIS
ACPC
CLKI
MCK/8
Q
S
MCK/128
CPCDIS
SLCK
Q
XC0
R
S
ACPA
R
XC1
XC2
CPCSTOP
AEEVT
MTIOA
Output Controller
MCK/32
TIOA
BURST
Register A
Register B
Register C
Compare RA =
Compare RB =
Compare RC =
ASWTRG
1
16-bit Counter
CLK
RESET
SWTRG
OVF
BCPC
SYNC
Trig
MTIOB
EEVT
BEEVT
TIOB
CPBS
CPCS
CPAS
COVFS
BSWTRG
TC_IMR
TIOB
TC_SR
Edge
Detector
ENETRG
ETRGS
EEVTEDG
Output Controller
BCPB
CPCTRG
INT
159
AT91M42800A
Timer Counter Channel
18.5
TC User Interface
TC Block 0 Base Address: 0xFFFD0000 (Code Label TCB0_BASE)
TC Block 1 Base Address: 0xFFFD4000 (Code Label TCB1_BASE)
Table 7. TC Global Memory Map
Offset
Channel/Register
Name
Access
Reset State
0x00
TC Channel 0
See Table 8
0x40
TC Channel 1
See Table 8
0x80
TC Channel 2
See Table 8
0xC0
TC Block Control Register
TC_BCR
Write-only
–
0xC4
TC Block Mode Register
TC_BMR
Read/Write
0
TC_BCR (Block Control Register) and TC_BMR (Block Mode Register) control the TC block. TC Channels are controlled
by the registers listed in Table 8. The offset of each of the Channel registers in Table 8 is in relation to the offset of the corresponding channel as mentioned in Table 7.
Table 8. TC Channel Memory Map
Offset
160
Name
Access
Reset State
0x00
Channel Control Register
TC_CCR
Write-only
–
0x04
Channel Mode Register
TC_CMR
Read/Write
0
0x08
Reserved
–
0x0C
Reserved
–
0x10
Counter Value
0x14
Note:
Register
Register A
TC_CV
TC_RA
Read/Write
0
(1)
0
(1)
0
Read/Write
0x18
Register B
TC_RB
Read/Write
0x1C
Register C
TC_RC
Read/Write
0
0x20
Status Register
TC_SR
Read-only
–
0x24
Interrupt Enable Register
TC_IER
Write-only
–
0x28
Interrupt Disable Register
TC_IDR
Write-only
–
0x2C
Interrupt Mask Register
TC_IMR
Read-only
0
1. Read-only if WAVE = 0
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
18.6
TC Block Control Register
Register Name:
TC_BCR
Access Type:
Write-only
Offset:
0xC0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
SYNC
• SYNC: Synchro Command (Code Label TC_SYNC)
0 = No effect.
1 = Asserts the SYNC signal which generates a software trigger simultaneously for each of the channels.
161
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
18.7
TC Block Mode Register
Register Name:
TC_BMR
Access Type:
Read/Write
Offset:
0xC4
Reset Value:
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
–
–
TC2XC2S
TC1XC1S
0
TC0XC0S
• TC0XC0S: External Clock Signal 0 Selection
TC0XC0S
Signal Connected to XC0
Code Label: TC_TC0XC0S
0
0
TCLK0
TC_TCLK0XC0
0
1
None
TC_NONEXC0
1
0
TIOA1
TC_TIOA1XC0
1
1
TIOA2
TC_TIOA2XC0
• TC1XC1S: External Clock Signal 1 Selection
TC1XC1S
Signal Connected to XC1
Code Label: TC_TC1XC1S
0
0
TCLK1
TC_TCLK1XC1
0
1
None
TC_NONEXC1
1
0
TIOA0
TC_TIOA0XC1
1
1
TIOA2
TC_TIOA2XC1
• TC2XC2S: External Clock Signal 2 Selection
TC2XC2S
162
Signal Connected to XC2
Code Label: TC_TC2XC2S
0
0
TCLK2
TC_TCLK2XC2
0
1
None
TC_NONEXC2
1
0
TIOA0
TC_TIOA0XC2
1
1
TIOA1
TC_TIOA1XC2
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
18.8
TC Channel Control Register
Register Name:
TC_CCR
Access Type:
Write-only
Offset:
0x00
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
SWTRG
CLKDIS
CLKEN
• CLKEN: Counter Clock Enable Command (Code Label TC_CLKEN)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the clock if CLKDIS is not 1.
• CLKDIS: Counter Clock Disable Command (Code Label TC_CLKDIS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the clock.
• SWTRG: Software Trigger Command (Code Label TC_SWTRG)
0 = No effect.
1 = A software trigger is performed: the counter is reset and clock is started.
163
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
18.9
TC Channel Mode Register: Capture Mode
Register Name:
TC_CMR
Access Type:
Read/Write
Offset:
0x04
Reset Value:
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
WAVE=0
CPCTRG
–
–
–
ABETRG
7
6
5
3
2
LDBDIS
LDBSTOP
4
BURST
16
LDRB
LDRA
CLKI
9
8
ETRGEDG
1
0
TCCLKS
• TCCLKS: Clock Selection
TCCLKS
Clock Selected
Code Label: TC_CLKS
0
0
0
MCK/2
TC_CLKS_MCK2
0
0
1
MCK/8
TC_CLKS_MCK8
0
1
0
MCK/32
TC_CLKS_MCK32
0
1
1
MCK/128
TC_CLKS_MCK128
1
0
0
SLCK
TC_CLKS_SLCK
1
0
1
XC0
TC_CLKS_XC0
1
1
0
XC1
TC_CLKS_XC1
1
1
1
XC2
TC_CLKS_XC2
• CLKI: Clock Invert (Code Label TC_CLKI)
0 = Counter is incremented on rising edge of the clock.
1 = Counter is incremented on falling edge of the clock.
• BURST: Burst Signal Selection
BURST
Selected BURST
Code Label: TC_BURST
0
0
The clock is not gated by an external signal.
TC_BURST_NONE
0
1
XC0 is ANDed with the selected clock.
TC_BURST_XC0
1
0
XC1 is ANDed with the selected clock.
TC_BURST_XC1
1
1
XC2 is ANDed with the selected clock.
TC_BURST_XC2
• LDBSTOP: Counter Clock Stopped with RB Loading (Code Label TC_LDBSTOP)
0 = Counter clock is not stopped when RB loading occurs.
1 = Counter clock is stopped when RB loading occurs.
• LDBDIS: Counter Clock Disable with RB Loading (Code Label TC_LDBDIS)
0 = Counter clock is not disabled when RB loading occurs.
1 = Counter clock is disabled when RB loading occurs.
164
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
• ETRGEDG: External Trigger Edge Selection
ETRGEDG
Edge
Code Label: TC_ETRGEDG
0
0
None
TC_ETRGEDG_EDGE_NONE
0
1
Rising edge
TC_ETRGEDG_RISING_EDGE
1
0
Falling edge
TC_ETRGEDG_FALLING_EDGE
1
1
Each edge
TC_ETRGEDG_BOTH_EDGE
• ABETRG: TIOA or TIOB External Trigger Selection
ABETRG
Selected ABETRG
Code Label: TC_ABETRG
0
TIOB is used as an external trigger.
TC_ABETRG_TIOB
1
TIOA is used as an external trigger.
TC_ABETRG_TIOA
• CPCTRG: RC Compare Trigger Enable (Code Label TC_CPCTRG)
0 = RC Compare has no effect on the counter and its clock.
1 = RC Compare resets the counter and starts the counter clock.
• WAVE = 0 (Code Label TC_WAVE)
0 = Capture Mode is enabled.
1 = Capture Mode is disabled (Waveform Mode is enabled).
• LDRA: RA Loading Selection
LDRA
Edge
Code Label: TC_LDRA
0
0
None
TC_LDRA_EDGE_NONE
0
1
Rising edge of TIOA
TC_LDRA_RISING_EDGE
1
0
Falling edge of TIOA
TC_LDRA_FALLING_EDGE
1
1
Each edge of TIOA
TC_LDRA_BOTH_EDGE
• LDRB: RB Loading Selection
LDRB
Edge
Code Label: TC_LDRB
0
0
None
TC_LDRB_EDGE_NONE
0
1
Rising edge of TIOA
TC_LDRB_RISING_EDGE
1
0
Falling edge of TIOA
TC_LDRB_FALLING_EDGE
1
1
Each edge of TIOA
TC_LDRB_BOTH_EDGE
165
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
18.10 TC Channel Mode Register: Waveform Mode
Register Name:
TC_CMR
Access Type:
Read/Write
Offset:
0x04
Reset Value:
0x0
31
30
29
BSWTRG
23
28
27
BEEVT
22
21
ASWTRG
26
25
24
BCPC
20
19
AEEVT
BCPB
18
17
16
ACPC
15
14
13
12
WAVE=1
CPCTRG
–
ENETRG
7
6
5
CPCDIS
CPCSTOP
4
BURST
11
ACPA
10
9
EEVT
8
EEVTEDG
3
2
CLKI
1
0
TCCLKS
• TCCLKS: Clock Selection
TCCLKS
Clock Selected
Code Label: TC_CLKS
0
0
0
MCK/2
TC_CLKS_MCK2
0
0
1
MCK/8
TC_CLKS_MCK8
0
1
0
MCK/32
TC_CLKS_MCK32
0
1
1
MCK/128
TC_CLKS_MCK128
1
0
0
SLCK
TC_CLKS_SLCK
1
0
1
XC0
TC_CLKS_XC0
1
1
0
XC1
TC_CLKS_XC1
1
1
1
XC2
TC_CLKS_XC2
• CLKI: Clock Invert (Code Label TC_CLKI)
0 = Counter is incremented on rising edge of the clock.
1 = Counter is incremented on falling edge of the clock.
• BURST: Burst Signal Selection
BURST
Selected BURST
Code Label: TC_BURST
0
0
The clock is not gated by an external signal.
TC_BURST_NONE
0
1
XC0 is ANDed with the selected clock.
TC_BURST_XC0
1
0
XC1 is ANDed with the selected clock.
TC_BURST_XC1
1
1
XC2 is ANDed with the selected clock.
TC_BURST_XC2
• CPCSTOP: Counter Clock Stopped with RC Compare (Code Label TC_CPCSTOP)
0 = Counter clock is not stopped when counter reaches RC.
1 = Counter clock is stopped when counter reaches RC.
• CPCDIS: Counter Clock Disable with RC Compare (Code Label TC_CPCDIS)
0 = Counter clock is not disabled when counter reaches RC.
1 = Counter clock is disabled when counter reaches RC.
166
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AT91M42800A
• EEVTEDG: External Event Edge Selection
EEVTEDG
Edge
Code Label: TC_EEVTEDG
0
0
None
TC_EEVTEDG_EDGE_NONE
0
1
Rising edge
TC_EEVTEDG_RISING_EDGE
1
0
Falling edge
TC_EEVTEDG_FALLING_EDGE
1
1
Each edge
TC_EEVTEDG_BOTH_EDGE
• EEVT: External Event Selection
Signal Selected as
External Event
EEVT
TIOB Direction
(1)
Code Label: TC_EEVT
0
0
TIOB
Input
TC_EEVT_TIOB
0
1
XC0
Output
TC_EEVT_XC0
1
0
XC1
Output
TC_EEVT_XC1
1
1
XC2
Output
TC_EEVT_XC2
Note:
If TIOB is chosen as the external event signal, it is configured as an input and no longer generates waveforms.
• ENETRG: External Event Trigger Enable (Code Label TC_ENETRG)
0 = The external event has no effect on the counter and its clock. In this case, the selected external event only controls the
TIOA output.
1 = The external event resets the counter and starts the counter clock.
• CPCTRG: RC Compare Trigger Enable (Code Label TC_CPCTRG)
0 = RC Compare has no effect on the counter and its clock.
1 = RC Compare resets the counter and starts the counter clock.
• WAVE = 1 (Code Label TC_WAVE)
0 = Waveform Mode is disabled (Capture Mode is enabled).
1 = Waveform Mode is enabled.
• ACPA: RA Compare Effect on TIOA
ACPA
Effect
Code Label: TC_ACPA
0
0
None
TC_ACPA_OUTPUT_NONE
0
1
Set
TC_ACPA_SET_OUTPUT
1
0
Clear
TC_ACPA_CLEAR_OUTPUT
1
1
Toggle
TC_ACPA_TOGGLE_OUTPUT
• ACPC: RC Compare Effect on TIOA
ACPC
Effect
Code Label: TC_ACPC
0
0
None
TC_ACPC_OUTPUT_NONE
0
1
Set
TC_ACPC_SET_OUTPUT
1
0
Clear
TC_ACPC_CLEAR_OUTPUT
1
1
Toggle
TC_ACPC_TOGGLE_OUTPUT
167
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
• AEEVT: External Event Effect on TIOA
AEEVT
Effect
Code Label: TC_AEEVT
0
0
None
TC_AEEVT_OUTPUT_NONE
0
1
Set
TC_AEEVT_SET_OUTPUT
1
0
Clear
TC_AEEVT_CLEAR_OUTPUT
1
1
Toggle
TC_AEEVT_TOGGLE_OUTPUT
• ASWTRG: Software Trigger Effect on TIOA
ASWTRG
Effect
Code Label: TC_ASWTRG
0
0
None
TC_ASWTRG_OUTPUT_NONE
0
1
Set
TC_ASWTRG_SET_OUTPUT
1
0
Clear
TC_ASWTRG_CLEAR_OUTPUT
1
1
Toggle
TC_ASWTRG_TOGGLE_OUTPUT
• BCPB: RB Compare Effect on TIOB
BCPB
Effect
Code Label: TC_BCPB
0
0
None
TC_BCPB_OUTPUT_NONE
0
1
Set
TC_BCPB_SET_OUTPUT
1
0
Clear
TC_BCPB_CLEAR_OUTPUT
1
1
Toggle
TC_BCPB_TOGGLE_OUTPUT
• BCPC: RC Compare Effect on TIOB
BCPC
Effect
Code Label: TC_BCPC
0
0
None
TC_BCPC_OUTPUT_NONE
0
1
Set
TC_BCPC_SET_OUTPUT
1
0
Clear
TC_BCPC_CLEAR_OUTPUT
1
1
Toggle
TC_BCPC_TOGGLE_OUTPUT
• BEEVT: External Event Effect on TIOB
BEEVT
168
Effect
Code Label: TC_BEEVT
0
0
None
TC_BEEVT_OUTPUT_NONE
0
1
Set
TC_BEEVT_SET_OUTPUT
1
0
Clear
TC_BEEVT_CLEAR_OUTPUT
1
1
Toggle
TC_BEEVT_TOGGLE_OUTPUT
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
• BSWTRG: Software Trigger Effect on TIOB
BSWTRG
Effect
Code Label: TC_BSWTRG
0
0
None
TC_BSWTRG_OUTPUT_NONE
0
1
Set
TC_BSWTRG_SET_OUTPUT
1
0
Clear
TC_BSWTRG_CLEAR_OUTPUT
1
1
Toggle
TC_BSWTRG_TOGGLE_OUTPUT
169
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
18.11 TC Counter Value Register
Register Name:
TC_CV
Access Type:
Read-only
Offset:
0x10
Reset Value:
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
CV
7
6
5
4
CV
• CV: Counter Value (Code Label TC_CV)
CV contains the counter value in real time.
170
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
18.12 TC Register A
Register Name:
TC_RA
Access Type:
Read-only if WAVE = 0, Read/Write if WAVE = 1
Offset:
0x14
Reset Value:
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
RA
7
6
5
4
RA
• RA: Register A (Code Label TC_RA)
RA contains the Register A value in real time.
18.13 TC Register B
Register Name:
TC_RB
Access Type:
Read-only if WAVE = 0, Read/Write if WAVE = 1
Offset:
0x18
Reset Value:
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
RB
7
6
5
4
RB
• RB: Register B (Code Label TC_RB)
RB contains the Register B value in real time.
171
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
18.14 TC Register C
Register Name:
TC_RC
Access Type:
Read/Write
Offset:
0x1C
Reset Value:
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
RC
7
6
5
4
RC
• RC: Register C (Code Label TC_RC)
RC contains the Register C value in real time.
172
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AT91M42800A
18.15 TC Status Register
Register Name:
TC_SR
Access Type:
Read-only
Offset:
0x20
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
MTIOB
MTIOA
CLKSTA
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ETRGS
LDRBS
LDRAS
CPCS
CPBS
CPAS
LOVRS
COVFS
• COVFS: Counter Overflow Status (Code Label TC_COVFS)
0 = No counter overflow has occurred since the last read of the Status Register.
1 = A counter overflow has occurred since the last read of the Status Register.
• LOVRS: Load Overrun Status (Code Label TC_LOVRS)
0 = Load overrun has not occurred since the last read of the Status Register or WAVE = 1.
1 = RA or RB have been loaded at least twice without any read of the corresponding register since the last read of the Status Register, if WAVE = 0.
• CPAS: RA Compare Status (Code Label TC_CPAS)
0 = RA Compare has not occurred since the last read of the Status Register or WAVE = 0.
1 = RA Compare has occurred since the last read of the Status Register, if WAVE = 1.
• CPBS: RB Compare Status (Code Label TC_CPBS)
0 = RB Compare has not occurred since the last read of the Status Register or WAVE = 0.
1 = RB Compare has occurred since the last read of the Status Register, if WAVE = 1.
• CPCS: RC Compare Status (Code Label TC_CPCS)
0 = RC Compare has not occurred since the last read of the Status Register.
1 = RC Compare has occurred since the last read of the Status Register.
• LDRAS: RA Loading Status (Code Label TC_LDRAS)
0 = RA Load has not occurred since the last read of the Status Register or WAVE = 1.
1 = RA Load has occurred since the last read of the Status Register, if WAVE = 0.
• LDRBS: RB Loading Status (Code Label TC_LDRBS)
0 = RB Load has not occurred since the last read of the Status Register or WAVE = 1.
1 = RB Load has occurred since the last read of the Status Register, if WAVE = 0.
• ETRGS: External Trigger Status (Code Label TC_ETRGS)
0 = External trigger has not occurred since the last read of the Status Register.
1 = External trigger has occurred since the last read of the Status Register.
• CLKSTA: Clock Enabling Status (Code Label TC_CLKSTA)
0 = Clock is disabled.
1 = Clock is enabled.
• MTIOA: TIOA Mirror (Code Label TC_MTIOA)
0 = TIOA is low. If WAVE = 0, this means that TIOA pin is low. If WAVE = 1, this means that TIOA is driven low.
1 = TIOA is high. If WAVE = 0, this means that TIOA pin is high. If WAVE = 1, this means that TIOA is driven high.
173
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
• MTIOB: TIOB Mirror (Code Label TC_MTIOB)
0 = TIOB is low. If WAVE = 0, this means that TIOB pin is low. If WAVE = 1, this means that TIOB is driven low.
1 = TIOB is high. If WAVE = 0, this means that TIOB pin is high. If WAVE = 1, this means that TIOB is driven high.
174
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1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
18.16 TC Interrupt Enable Register
Register Name:
TC_IER
175
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
Access Type:
Write-only
Offset:
0x24
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ETRGS
LDRBS
LDRAS
CPCS
CPBS
CPAS
LOVRS
COVFS
• COVFS: Counter Overflow (Code Label TC_COVFS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the Counter Overflow Interrupt.
• LOVRS: Load Overrun (Code Label TC_LOVRS)
0 = No effect.
1: Enables the Load Overrun Interrupt.
• CPAS: RA Compare (Code Label TC_CPAS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the RA Compare Interrupt.
• CPBS: RB Compare (Code Label TC_CPBS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the RB Compare Interrupt.
• CPCS: RC Compare (Code Label TC_CPCS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the RC Compare Interrupt.
• LDRAS: RA Loading (Code Label TC_LDRAS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the RA Load Interrupt.
• LDRBS: RB Loading (Code Label TC_LDRBS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the RB Load Interrupt.
• ETRGS: External Trigger (Code Label TC_ETRGS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the External Trigger Interrupt.
176
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AT91M42800A
18.17 TC Interrupt Disable Register
Register Name:
TC_IDR
Access Type:
Write-only
Offset:
0x28
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ETRGS
LDRBS
LDRAS
CPCS
CPBS
CPAS
LOVRS
COVFS
• COVFS: Counter Overflow (Code Label TC_COVFS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the Counter Overflow Interrupt.
• LOVRS: Load Overrun (Code Label TC_LOVRS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the Load Overrun Interrupt (if WAVE = 0).
• CPAS: RA Compare (Code Label TC_CPAS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the RA Compare Interrupt (if WAVE = 1).
• CPBS: RB Compare (Code Label TC_CPBS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the RB Compare Interrupt (if WAVE = 1).
• CPCS: RC Compare (Code Label TC_CPCS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the RC Compare Interrupt.
• LDRAS: RA Loading (Code Label TC_LDRAS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the RA Load Interrupt (if WAVE = 0).
• LDRBS: RB Loading (Code Label TC_LDRBS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the RB Load Interrupt (if WAVE = 0).
• ETRGS: External Trigger (Code Label TC_ETRGS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the External Trigger Interrupt.
177
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
18.18 TC Interrupt Mask Register
Register Name:
TC_IMR
Access Type:
Read-only
Offset:
0x2C
Reset Value:
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ETRGS
LDRBS
LDRAS
CPCS
CPBS
CPAS
LOVRS
COVFS
• COVFS: Counter Overflow (Code Label TC_COVFS)
0 = The Counter Overflow Interrupt is disabled.
1 = The Counter Overflow Interrupt is enabled.
• LOVRS: Load Overrun (Code Label TC_LOVRS)
0 = The Load Overrun Interrupt is disabled.
1 = The Load Overrun Interrupt is enabled.
• CPAS: RA Compare (Code Label TC_CPAS)
0 = The RA Compare Interrupt is disabled.
1 = The RA Compare Interrupt is enabled.
• CPBS: RB Compare (Code Label TC_CPBS)
0 = The RB Compare Interrupt is disabled.
1 = The RB Compare Interrupt is enabled.
• CPCS: RC Compare (Code Label TC_CPCS)
0 = The RC Compare Interrupt is disabled.
1 = The RC Compare Interrupt is enabled.
• LDRAS: RA Loading (Code Label TC_LDRAS)
0 = The Load RA Interrupt is disabled.
1 = The Load RA Interrupt is enabled.
• LDRBS: RB Loading (Code Label TC_LDRBS)
0 = The Load RB Interrupt is disabled.
1 = The Load RB Interrupt is enabled.
• ETRGS: External Trigger (Code Label TC_ETRGS)
0 = The External Trigger Interrupt is disabled.
1 = The External Trigger Interrupt is enabled.
178
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AT91M42800A
19. SPI: Serial Peripheral Interface
The AT91M42800A includes two SPIs which provide communication with external devices in
master or slave mode. They are independent, and are referred to by the letters A and B.
19.1
Pin Description
Seven pins are associated with the SPI Interface. When not needed for the SPI function, each
of these pins can be configured as a PIO. Support for an external master is provided by the
PIO Controller Multi-driver option. To configure an SPI pin as open-drain to support external
drivers, set the corresponding bits in the PIO_MDSR register (see page 114).
An input filter can be enabled on the SPI input pins by setting the corresponding bits in the
PIO_IFSR (see page 108). The NPCS0/NSS pin can function as a peripheral chip select output or slave select input. Refer to Table 19-1 on page 180 for a description of the SPI pins.
Figure 19-1. SPI Block Diagram
MCK
Serial Peripheral Interface
MCK/32
MISO
APB
Generic Name
MISO
MOSI
MOSI
SPCK
SPCK
NPCS0/NSS
INT
Parallel IO
Controller
NPCS0/NSS
NPCS1
NPCS1
NPCS2
NPCS2
NPCS3
NPCS3
Advanced
Interrupt Controller
179
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
Table 19-1.
SPI Pins
Generic
Mnemonic
Mode
Function
Master In Slave Out
MISO
Master
Slave
Serial data input to SPI
Serial data output from SPI
Master Out Slave In
MOSI
Master
Slave
Serial data output from SPI
Serial data input to SPI
Serial Clock
SPCK
Master
Slave
Clock output from SPI
Clock input to SPI
Peripheral Chip Selects
NPCS1NPCS3
Master
Select peripherals
Peripheral Chip Select/
Slave Select
NPCS0/
NSS
Master
Master
Slave
Output: Selects peripheral
Input: low causes mode fault
Input: chip select for SPI
Pin Name
Notes:
1. After a hardware reset, the SPI clock is disabled by default (see ”PMC: Power Management Controller” on page 55). The
user must configure the Power Management Controller before any access to the User Interface of the SPI.
2. After a hardware reset, the SPI pins are deselected by default (see ”PIO: Parallel I/O Controller” on page 97). The user must
configure the PIO Controller to enable the corresponding pins for their SPI function. NPCS0/NSS must be configured as
open-drain in the Parallel I/O Controller for multi-master operation.
19.2
Master Mode
In Master mode, the SPI controls data transfers to and from the slave(s) connected to the SPI
bus. The SPI drives the chip select(s) to the slave(s) and the serial clock (SPCK). After
enabling the SPI, a data transfer begins when the ARM core writes to the SP_TDR (Transmit
Data Register). See Table 14-1 on page 82.
Transmit and Receive buffers maintain the data flow at a constant rate with a reduced requirement for high priority interrupt servicing. When new data is available in the SP_TDR (Transmit
Data Register) the SPI continues to transfer data. If the SP_RDR (Receive Data Register) has
not been read before new data is received, the Overrun Error (OVRES) flag is set.
The delay between the activation of the chip select and the start of the data transfer (DLYBS)
as well as the delay between each data transfer (DLYBCT) can be programmed for each of
the four external chip selects. All data transfer characteristics including the two timing values
are programmed in registers SP_CSR0 to SP_CSR3 (Chip Select Registers). See Table 14-1
on page 82.
In master mode the peripheral selection can be defined in two different ways:
• Fixed Peripheral Select: SPI exchanges data with only one peripheral
• Variable Peripheral Select: Data can be exchanged with more than one peripheral
Figures 19-2 and 19-3 show the operation of the SPI in Master mode. For details concerning
the flag and control bits in these diagrams, see the tables in Section 19.7 ”SPI Programmer’s
Model” on page 187.
19.2.1
180
Fixed Peripheral Select
This mode is ideal for transferring memory blocks without the extra overhead in the transmit
data register to determine the peripheral.
AT91M42800A
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AT91M42800A
Fixed Peripheral Select is activated by setting bit PS to zero in SP_MR (Mode Register). The
peripheral is defined by the PCS field, also in SP_MR.
This option is only available when the SPI is programmed in master mode.
19.2.2
Variable Peripheral Select
Variable Peripheral Select is activated by setting bit PS to one. The PCS field in SP_TDR
(Transmit Data Register) is used to select the destination peripheral. The data transfer characteristics are changed when the selected peripheral changes, according to the associated chip
select register.
The PCS field in the SP_MR has no effect.
This option is only available when the SPI is programmed in master mode.
19.2.3
Chip Selects
The Chip Select lines are driven by the SPI only if it is programmed in Master mode. These
lines are used to select the destination peripheral. The PCSDEC field in SP_MR (Mode Register) selects 1 to 4 peripherals (PCSDEC = 0) or up to 15 peripherals (PCSDEC = 1).
If Variable Peripheral Select is active, the chip select signals are defined for each transfer in
the PCS field in SP_TDR. Chip select signals can thus be defined independently for each
transfer.
If Fixed Peripheral Select is active, Chip Select signals are defined for all transfers by the field
PCS in SP_MR. If a transfer with a new peripheral is necessary, the software must wait until
the current transfer is completed, then change the value of PCS in SP_MR before writing new
data in SP_TDR.
The value on the NPCS pins at the end of each transfer can be read in the SP_RDR (Receive
Data Register). By default, all NPCS signals are high (equal to one) before and after each
transfer.
19.2.4
Mode Fault Detection
A mode fault is detected when the SPI is programmed in Master Mode and a low level is
driven by an external master on the NPCSA/NSS signal.
When a mode fault is detected, the MODF bit in the SP_SR is set until the SP_SR is read and
the SPI is disabled until re-enabled by bit SPIEN in the SP_CR (Control Register).
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Figure 19-2. Functional Flow Diagram in Master Mode
SPI Enable
1
TDRE
0
0
Fixed peripheral
PS
1
Variable peripheral
NPCS = SP_TDR(PCS)
NPCS = SP_MR(PCS)
Delay DLYBS
Serializer = SP_TDR(TD)
TDRE = 1
Data Transfer
SP_RDR(RD) = Serializer
RDRF = 1
Delay DLYBCT
TDRE
1
0
0 Fixed peripheral
PS
NPCS = 0xF
1
Variable peripheral
Delay DLYBCS
SP_TDR(PCS)
Same peripheral
New peripheral
NPCS = 0xF
Delay DLYBCS
NPCS = SP_TDR(PCS)
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Figure 19-3. SPI in Master Mode
SP_MR(MCK32)
MCK
0
1
SPI
Master
Clock
SPIDIS
SPIEN
MCK/32
SPCK Clock Generator
SP_CSRx[15:0]
SPCK
S
Q
R
SP_RDR
PCS
RD
MSB
LSB
Serializer
MISO
SP_TDR
PCS
MOSI
TD
NPCS3
NPCS2
NPCS1
SP_MR(PS)
NPCS0
1
SP_MR(PCS)
0
SP_MR(MSTR)
SP_SR M
O
D
F
T
D
R
E
R
D
R
F
O
V
R
E
S
P
I
E
N
S
SP_IER
SP_IDR
SP_IMR
SPIRQ
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19.3
Slave Mode
In Slave Mode, the SPI waits for NSS to go active low before receiving the serial clock from an
external master.
In slave mode CPOL, NCPHA and BITS fields of SP_CSR0 are used to define the transfer
characteristics. The other Chip Select Registers are not used in slave mode.
Figure 19-4. SPI in Slave Mode
SPCK
NSS
SPIDIS
SPIEN
S
Q
R
SP_RDR
RD
LSB
MOSI
MSB
Serializer
MISO
SP_TDR
TD
SP_SR
S
P
I
E
N
S
T
D
R
E
R
D
R
F
O
V
R
E
SP_IER
SP_IDR
SP_IMR
SPIRQ
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19.4
Data Transfer
The following waveforms show examples of data transfers.
Figure 19-5. SPI Transfer Format (NCPHA = 1, 8 Bits per Transfer)
1
SPCK Cycle (for reference)
2
3
5
4
6
8
7
SPCK
(CPOL = 0)
SPCK
(CPOL = 1)
MOSI
(from Master)
MSB
MISO
(from Slave)
MSB
6
5
4
3
2
1
LSB
6
5
4
3
2
1
LSB
X
NSS (to Slave)
Figure 19-6. SPI Transfer Format (NCPHA = 0, 8 Bits per Transfer)
1
SPCK Cycle (for reference)
2
3
5
4
6
8
7
SPCK
(CPOL = 0)
SPCK
(CPOL = 1)
MOSI
(from Master)
MISO
(from Slave)
X
MSB
6
5
4
3
2
1
MSB
6
5
4
3
2
1
LSB
LSB
NSS (to Slave)
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Figure 19-7. Programmable Delays (DLYBCS, DLYBS and DLYBCT)
Chip Select 1
Change peripheral
Chip Select 2
No change
of peripheral
SPCK Output
DLYBCS
19.5
DLYBS
DLYBCT
DLYBCT
Clock Generation
In Master Mode the SPI Master Clock is either MCK or MCK/32, as defined by the MCK32 field
of SP_MR. The SPI baud rate clock is generated by dividing the SPI Master Clock by a value
between 4 and 510. The divisor is defined in the SCBR field in each Chip Select Register. The
transfer speed can thus be defined independently for each chip select signal.
CPOL and NCPHA in the Chip Select Registers define the clock/data relationship between
master and slave devices. CPOL defines the inactive value of the SPCK. NCPHA defines
which edge causes data to change and which edge causes data to be captured.
In Slave Mode, the input clock low and high pulse duration must strictly be longer than two
system clock (MCK) periods.
19.6
Peripheral Data Controller
Each SPI is closely connected to two Peripheral Data Controller channels. One is dedicated to
the receiver. The other is dedicated to the transmitter.
The PDC channel is programmed using SP_TPR (Transmit Pointer) and SP_TCR (Transmit
Counter) for the transmitter and SP_RPR (Receive Pointer) and SP_RCR (Receive Counter)
for the receiver. The status of the PDC is given in SP_SR by the SPENDTX bit for the transmitter and by the SPENDRX bit for the receiver.
The pointer registers (SP_TPR and SP_RPR) are used to store the address of the transmit or
receive buffers. The counter registers (SP_TCR and SP_RCR) are used to store the size of
these buffers.
The receiver data transfer is triggered by the RDRF bit and the transmitter data transfer is triggered by TDRE. When a transfer is performed, the counter is decremented and the pointer is
incremented. When the counter reaches 0, the status bit is set (SPENDRX for the receiver,
SPENDTX for the transmitter in SP_SR) and can be programmed to generate an interrupt.
While the counter is at zero, the status bit is asserted and transfers are disabled.
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19.7
SPI Programmer’s Model
SPIA Base Address: 0xFFFC8000
SPIB Base Address: 0xFFFCC000
Table 9. SPI Memory Map
Offset
Register
Name
Access
Reset State
0x00
Control Register
SP_CR
Write-only
–
0x04
Mode Register
SP_MR
Read/Write
0
0x08
Receive Data Register
SP_RDR
Read-only
0
0x0C
Transmit Data Register
SP_TDR
Write-only
–
0x10
Status Register
SP_SR
Read-only
0
0x14
Interrupt Enable Register
SP_IER
Write-only
–
0x18
Interrupt Disable Register
SP_IDR
Write-only
–
0x1C
Interrupt Mask Register
SP_IMR
Read-only
0
0x20
Receive Pointer Register
SP_RPR
Read/Write
0
0x24
Receive Counter Register
SP_RCR
Read/Write
0
0x28
Transmit Pointer Register
SP_TPR
Read/Write
0
0x2C
Transmit Counter Register
SP_TCR
Read/Write
0
0x30
Chip Select Register 0
SP_CSR0
Read/Write
0
0x34
Chip Select Register 1
SP_CSR1
Read/Write
0
0x38
Chip Select Register 2
SP_CSR2
Read/Write
0
0x3C
Chip Select Register 3
SP_CSR3
Read/Write
0
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19.8
SPI Control Register
Register Name:
SP_CR
Access Type:
Write-only
Offset:
0x00
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SWRST
–
–
–
–
–
SPIDIS
SPIEN
• SPIEN: SPI Enable (Code Label SP_SPIEN)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the SPI to transfer and receive data.
• SPIDIS: SPI Disable (Code Label SP_SPIDIS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the SPI.
All pins are set in input mode and no data is received or transmitted.
If a transfer is in progress, the transfer is finished before the SPI is disabled.
If both SPIEN and SPIDIS are equal to one when the control register is written, the SPI is disabled.
• SWRST: SPI Software reset (Code Label SP_SWRST)
0 = No effect.
1 = Resets the SPI.
A software triggered hardware reset of the SPI interface is performed.
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19.9
SPI Mode Register
Register Name:
SP_MR
Access Type:
Read/Write
Offset:
0x04
Reset Value:
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
19
18
25
24
17
16
DLYBCS
23
22
21
20
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
LLB
–
–
–
MCK32
PCSDEC
PS
MSTR
PCS
• MSTR: Master/Slave Mode (Code Label SP_MSTR)
0 = SPI is in Slave mode.
1 = SPI is in Master mode.
MSTR configures the SPI Interface for either master or slave mode operation.
• PS: Peripheral Select
PS
Selected PS
Code Label: SP_PS
0
Fixed Peripheral Select
SP_PS_FIXED
1
Variable Peripheral Select
SP_PS_VARIABLE
• PCSDEC: Chip Select Decode (Code Label SP_PCSDEC)
0 = The chip selects are directly connected to a peripheral device.
1 = The four chip select lines are connected to a 4- to 16-bit decoder.
When PCSDEC equals one, up to 16 Chip Select signals can be generated with the four lines using an external 4- to 16-bit
decoder.
The Chip Select Registers define the characteristics of the 16 chip selects according to the following rules:
SP_CSR0 defines peripheral chip select signals 0 to 3.
SP_CSR1 defines peripheral chip select signals 4 to 7.
SP_CSR2 defines peripheral chip select signals 8 to 11.
SP_CSR3 defines peripheral chip select signals 12 to 15(1).
Note:
1. The 16th state corresponds to a state in which all chip selects are inactive. This allows a different clock configuration to be
defined by each chip select register.
• MCK32: Clock Selection (Code Label SP_DIV32)
0 = SPI Master Clock equals MCK
1 = SPI Master Clock equals MCK/32
• LLB: Local Loopback Enable (Code Label SP_LLB)
0 = Local loopback path disabled
1 = Local loopback path enabled
LLB controls the local loopback on the data serializer for testing in master mode only.
• PCS: Peripheral Chip Select (Code Label SP_PCS)
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1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
This field is only used if Fixed Peripheral Select is active (PS = 0).
If PCSDEC=0:
PCS = xxx0 NPCS[3:0] = 1110
PCS = xx01 NPCS[3:0] = 1101
PCS = x011 NPCS[3:0] = 1011
PCS = 0111 NPCS[3:0] = 0111
PCS = 1111 forbidden (no peripheral is selected)
(x = don’t care)
If PCSDEC=1: NPCS[3:0] output signals = PCS
• DLYBCS: Delay Between Chip Selects (Code Label SP_DLYBCS)
This field defines the delay from NPCS inactive to the activation of another NPCS. The DLYBCS time guarantees non-overlapping chip selects and solves bus contentions in case of peripherals having long data float times.
If DLYBCS is less than or equal to six, six SPI Master Clock periods will be inserted by default.
Otherwise, the following equation determines the delay:
Delay_ Between_Chip_Selects = DLYBCS • SPI_Master_Clock_period
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19.10 SPI Receive Data Register
Register Name:
SP_RDR
Access Type:
Read-only
Offset:
0x08
Reset Value:
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
PCS
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
RD
7
6
5
4
RD
• RD: Receive Data (Code Label SP_RD)
Data received by the SPI Interface is stored in this register right-justified. Unused bits read zero.
• PCS: Peripheral Chip Select Status
In Master Mode only, these bits indicate the value on the NPCS pins at the end of a transfer. Otherwise, these bits read
zero.
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19.11 SPI Transmit Data Register
Register Name:
SP_TDR
Access Type:
Write-only
Offset:
0x0C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
PCS
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
TD
7
6
5
4
TD
• TD: Transmit Data (Code Label SP_TD)
Data which is to be transmitted by the SPI Interface is stored in this register. Information to be transmitted must be written
to the transmit data register in a right-justified format.
• PCS: Peripheral Chip Select
This field is only used if Variable Peripheral Select is active (PS = 1) and if the SPI is in Master Mode.
If PCSDEC = 0:
PCS = xxx0 NPCS[3:0] = 1110
PCS = xx01 NPCS[3:0] = 1101
PCS = x011 NPCS[3:0] = 1011
PCS = 0111 NPCS[3:0] = 0111
PCS = 1111 forbidden (no peripheral is selected)
(x = don’t care)
If PCSDEC = 1:
NPCS[3:0] output signals = PCS
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19.12 SPI Status Register
Register Name:
SP_SR
Access Type:
Read-only
Offset:
0x10
Reset Value:
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
SPIENS
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
SPENDTX
SPENDRX
OVRES
MODF
TDRE
RDRF
• RDRF: Receive Data Register Full (Code Label SP_RDRF)
0 = No data has been received since the last read of SP_RDR
1= Data has been received and the received data has been transferred from the serializer to SP_RDR since the last read of
SP_RDR.
• TDRE: Transmit Data Register Empty (Code Label SP_TDRE)
0 = Data has been written to SP_TDR and not yet transferred to the serializer.
1 = The last data written in the Transmit Data Register has been transferred in the serializer.
TDRE equals zero when the SPI is disabled or at reset. The SPI enable command sets this bit to one.
• MODF: Mode Fault Error (Code Label SP_MODF)
0 = No Mode Fault has been detected since the last read of SP_SR.
1 = A Mode Fault occurred since the last read of the SP_SR.
• OVRES: Overrun Error Status (Code Label SP_OVRES)
0 = No overrun has been detected since the last read of SP_SR.
1 = An overrun has occurred since the last read of SP_SR.
An overrun occurs when SP_RDR is loaded at least twice from the serializer since the last read of the SP_RDR.
• SPENDRX: End of Receiver Transfer (Code Label SP_SPENDRX)
0 = The End of Transfer signal from the Peripheral Data Controller channel dedicated to the receiver is inactive.
1 = The End of Transfer signal from the Peripheral Data Controller channel dedicated to the receiver is active.
• SPENDTX: End of Transmitter Transfer (Code Label SP_SPENDTX)
0 = The End of Transfer signal from the Peripheral Data Controller channel dedicated to the transmitter is inactive.
1 = The End of Transfer signal from the Peripheral Data Controller channel dedicated to the transmitter is active.
• SPIENS: SPI Enable Status (Code Label SP_SPIENS)
0 = SPI is disabled.
1 = SPI is enabled.
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19.13 SPI Interrupt Enable Register
Register Name:
SP_IER
Access Type:
Write-only
Offset:
0x14
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
SPENDTX
SPENDRX
OVRES
MODF
TDRE
RDRF
• RDRF: Receive Data Register Full Interrupt Enable (Code Label SP_RDRF)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the Receiver Data Register Full Interrupt.
• TDRE: SPI Transmit Data Register Empty Interrupt Enable (Code Label SP_TDRE)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the Transmit Data Register Empty Interrupt.
• MODF: Mode Fault Error Interrupt Enable (Code Label SP_MODF)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the Mode Fault Interrupt.
• OVRES: Overrun Error Interrupt Enable (Code Label SP_OVRES)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the Overrun Error Interrupt.
• SPENDRX: End of Receiver Transfer Interrupt Enable (Code Label SP_SPENDRX)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the End of Receiver Transfer Interrupt.
• SPENDTX: End of Transmitter Transfer Interrupt Enable (Code Label SP_SPENDTX)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the End of Transmitter Transfer Interrupt.
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19.14 SPI Interrupt Disable Register
Register Name:
SP_IDR
Access Type:
Write-only
Offset:
0x18
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
SPENDTX
SPENDRX
OVRES
MODF
TDRE
RDRF
• RDRF: Receive Data Register Full Interrupt Disable (Code Label SP_RDRF)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the Receiver Data Register Full Interrupt.
• TDRE: Transmit Data Register Empty Interrupt Disable (Code Label SP_TDRE)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the Transmit Data Register Empty Interrupt.
• MODF: Mode Fault Interrupt Disable (Code Label SP_MODF)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the Mode Fault Interrupt.
• OVRES: Overrun Error Interrupt Disable (Code Label SP_OVRES)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the Overrun Error Interrupt.
• SPENDRX: End of Receiver Transfer Interrupt Disable (Code Label SP_SPENDRX)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the End of Receiver Transfer Interrupt.
• SPENDTX: End of Transmitter Transfer Interrupt Disable (Code Label SP_SPENDTX)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the End of Transmitter Transfer Interrupt.
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19.15 SPI Interrupt Mask Register
Register Name:
SP_IMR
Access Type:
Read-only
Offset:
0x1C
Reset Value:
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
SPENDTX
SPENDRX
OVRES
MODF
TDRE
RDRF
• RDRF: Receive Data Register Full Interrupt Mask (Code Label SP_RDRF)
0 = Receive Data Register Full Interrupt is disabled.
1 = Receive Data Register Full Interrupt is enabled.
• TDRE: Transmit Data Register Empty Interrupt Mask (Code Label SP_TDRE)
0 = Transmit Data Register Empty Interrupt is disabled.
1 = Transmit Data Register Empty Interrupt is enabled.
• MODF: Mode Fault Interrupt Mask (Code Label SP_MODF)
0 = Mode Fault Interrupt is disabled.
1 = Mode Fault Interrupt is enabled.
• OVRES: Overrun Error Interrupt Mask (Code Label SP_OVRES)
0 = Overrun Error Interrupt is disabled.
1 = Overrun Error Interrupt is enabled.
• SPENDRX: End of Receiver Transfer Interrupt Mask (Code Label SP_SPENDRX)
0 = End of Receiver Transfer Interrupt is disabled.
1 = End of Receiver Transfer Interrupt is enabled.
• SPENDTX: End of Transmitter Transfer Interrupt Mask (Code Label SP_SPENDTX)
0 = End of Transmitter Transfer Interrupt is disabled.
1 = End of Transmitter Transfer Interrupt is enabled.
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19.16 SPI Receive Pointer Register
Name:
SP_RPR
Access Type:
Read/Write
Offset:
0x20
Reset Value:
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
RXPTR
23
22
21
20
RXPTR
15
14
13
12
RXPTR
7
6
5
4
RXPTR
• RXPTR: Receive Pointer
RXPTR must be loaded with the address of the receive buffer.
19.17 SPI Receive Counter Register
Name:
SP_RCR
Access Type:
Read/Write
Offset:
0x24
Reset Value:
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
RXCTR
7
6
5
4
RXCTR
• RXCTR: Receive Counter
RXCTR must be loaded with the size of the receive buffer.
0: Stop Peripheral Data Transfer dedicated to the receiver.
1-65535: Start Peripheral Data transfer if RDRF is active.
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19.18 SPI Transmit Pointer Register
Name:
SP_TPR
Access Type:
Read/Write
Offset:
0x28
Reset Value:
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
TXPTR
23
22
21
20
TXPTR
15
14
13
12
TXPTR
7
6
5
4
TXPTR
• TXPTR: Transmit Pointer
TXPTR must be loaded with the address of the transmit buffer.
19.19 SPI Transmit Counter Register
Name:
SP_TCR
Access Type:
Read/Write
Offset:
0x2C
Reset Value:
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
TXCTR
7
6
5
4
TXCTR
• TXCTR: Transmit Counter
TXCTR must be loaded with the size of the transmit buffer.
0: Stop Peripheral Data Transfer dedicated to the transmitter.
1-65535: Start Peripheral Data transfer if TDRE is active.
198
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
19.20 SPI Chip Select Register
Register Name:
SP_CSR0..SP_CSR3
Access Type:
Read/Write
Reset Value:
0x0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
–
–
NCPHA
CPOL
DLYBCT
23
22
21
20
DLYBS
15
14
13
12
SCBR
7
6
5
4
BITS
• CPOL: Clock Polarity (Code Label SP_CPOL)
0 = The inactive state value of SPCK is logic level zero.
1 = The inactive state value of SPCK is logic level one.
CPOL is used to determine the inactive state value of the serial clock (SPCK). It is used with NCPHA to produce a desired
clock/data relationship between master and slave devices.
• NCPHA: Clock Phase (Code Label SP_NCPHA)
0 = Data is changed on the leading edge of SPCK and captured on the following edge of SPCK.
1 = Data is captured on the leading edge of SPCK and changed on the following edge of SPCK.
NCPHA determines which edge of SPCK causes data to change and which edge causes data to be captured. NCPHA is
used with CPOL to produce a desired clock/data relationship between master and slave devices.
• BITS: Bits Per Transfer
The BITS field determines the number of data bits transferred. Reserved values should not be used.
BITS[3:0]
Bits Per Transfer
Code Label: SP_BITS
0000
8
SP_BITS_8
0001
9
SP_BITS_9
0010
10
SP_BITS_10
0011
11
SP_BITS_11
0100
12
SP_BITS_12
0101
13
SP_BITS_13
0110
14
SP_BITS_14
0111
15
SP_BITS_15
1000
16
SP_BITS_16
1001
Reserved
–
1010
Reserved
–
1011
Reserved
–
1100
Reserved
–
1101
Reserved
–
1110
Reserved
–
1111
Reserved
–
199
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
• SCBR: Serial Clock Baud Rate (Code Label SP_SCBR)
In Master Mode, the SPI Interface uses a modulus counter to derive the SPCK baud rate from the SPI Master Clock
(selected between MCK and MCK/32). The baud rate is selected by writing a value from 2 to 255 in the field SCBR. The following equation determines the SPCK baud rate:
SPCK_Baud_Rate =
SPI_Master_Clock_frequency
2 x SCBR
Giving SCBR a value of zero or one disables the baud rate generator. SPCK is disabled and assumes its inactive state
value. No serial transfers may occur. At reset, baud rate is disabled.
• DLYBS: Delay Before SPCK (Code Label SP_DLYBS)
This field defines the delay from NPCS valid to the first valid SPCK transition.
When DLYBS equals zero, the NPCS valid to SPCK transition is 1/2 the SPCK clock period.
Otherwise, the following equation determines the delay:
NPCS_to_SPCK_Delay = DLYBS • SPI_Master_Clock_period
• DLYBCT: Delay Between Consecutive Transfers (Code Label SP_DLYBCT)
This field defines the delay between two consecutive transfers with the same peripheral without removing the chip select.
The delay is always inserted after each transfer and before removing the chip select if needed.
When DLYBCT equals zero, a delay of four SPI Master Clock periods are inserted.
Otherwise, the following equation determines the delay:
Delay_After_Transfer = 32 • DLYBCT • SPI_Master_Clock_period
200
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1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
20. JTAG Boundary-scan Register
The Boundary-scan Register (BSR) contains 237 bits which correspond to active pins and
associated control signals.
Each AT91M42800A input pin has a corresponding bit in the Boundary-scan Register for
observability.
Each AT91M42800A output pin has a corresponding 2-bit register in the BSR. The OUTPUT
bit contains data that can be forced on the pad. The CTRL bit can put the pad into high
impedance.
Each AT91M42800A in/out pin corresponds to a 3-bit register in the BSR. The OUTPUT bit
contains data that can be forced on the pad. The INPUT bit is for the observability of data
applied to the pad. The CTRL bit selects the direction of the pad.
Table 20-1.
Bit
Number
Boundary-scan Register
Associated
BSR Cells
Bit
Number
OUTPUT
210
INPUT
209
235
CTRL
208
CTRL
234
OUTPUT
207
OUTPUT
INPUT
206
232
CTRL
205
231
OUTPUT
204
Pin Name
Pin Type
237
236
233
230
PA25/MCKO
PA24/NPCSB3
PA23/NPCSB2
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
Pin Name
Pin Type
Associated
BSR Cells
OUTPUT
PA16/NPCSA2
PA15/NPCSA1
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
INPUT
INPUT
CTRL
OUTPUT
PA14/NPCSA0/
NSSA
INPUT
203
229
CTRL
202
CTRL
228
OUTPUT
201
OUTPUT
INPUT
200
CTRL
199
CTRL
OUTPUT
198
OUTPUT
INPUT
197
223
CTRL
196
CTRL
222
OUTPUT
195
OUTPUT
INPUT
194
220
CTRL
193
CTRL
219
OUTPUT
192
OUTPUT
INPUT
191
217
CTRL
190
CTRL
216
OUTPUT
189
OUTPUT
INPUT
188
CTRL
187
227
PA22/NPCSB1
IN/OUT
226
225
224
221
218
215
PA21/NPCSB0/
NSSB
PA20/MOSIB
PA19/MISOB
PA18/SPCKB
214
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
PA13/MOSIA
PA12/MISOA
PA11/SPCKA
PA10/RXD1
PA9/TXD1/NTRI
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
INPUT
INPUT
INPUT
INPUT
INPUT
INPUT
CTRL
201
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
Table 20-1.
Bit
Number
Boundary-scan Register (Continued)
Associated
BSR Cells
Bit
Number
OUTPUT
186
INPUT
185
211
CTRL
184
CTRL
183
OUTPUT
150
OUTPUT
INPUT
149
181
CTRL
148
CTRL
180
OUTPUT
147
OUTPUT
INPUT
146
178
CTRL
145
CTRL
177
OUTPUT
144
OUTPUT
INPUT
143
175
CTRL
142
CTRL
174
OUTPUT
141
OUTPUT
INPUT
140
172
CTRL
139
CTRL
171
OUTPUT
138
OUTPUT
INPUT
137
169
CTRL
136
CTRL
168
OUTPUT
135
OUTPUT
INPUT
134
166
CTRL
133
CTRL
165
OUTPUT
132
OUTPUT
INPUT
131
163
CTRL
130
CTRL
162
OUTPUT
129
OUTPUT
INPUT
128
160
CTRL
127
CTRL
159
OUTPUT
126
OUTPUT
INPUT
125
157
CTRL
124
CTRL
156
OUTPUT
123
OUTPUT
INPUT
122
CTRL
121
Pin Name
Pin Type
213
212
182
179
176
173
170
167
164
161
158
155
PA17/NPCSA3
PA7/RXD0
PA6/TXD0
PA5/SCK0
PA4/FIQ
PA3/IRQ3
PA2/IRQ2
PA1/IRQ1
PA0/IRQ0
PB23/TIOB5
PB22/TIOA5
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
154
202
Pin Name
Pin Type
Associated
BSR Cells
OUTPUT
PA8/SCK1
PB20/TIOB4
PB19/TIOA4
PB18/TCLK4
PB17/TIOB3
PB16/TIOA3
PB15/TCLK3
PB14/TIOB2
PB13/TIOA2
PB12/TCLK2
PB11/TIOB1
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
INPUT
INPUT
INPUT
INPUT
INPUT
INPUT
INPUT
INPUT
INPUT
INPUT
INPUT
CTRL
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
Table 20-1.
Bit
Number
Boundary-scan Register (Continued)
Associated
BSR Cells
Bit
Number
OUTPUT
120
INPUT
119
151
CTRL
118
117
OUTPUT
82
INPUT
81
Pin Name
Pin Type
153
152
116
PB21/TCLK5
PB9/TCLK1
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
115
CTRL
80
114
OUTPUT
79
INPUT
78
113
PB8/TIOB0
IN/OUT
112
CTRL
77
111
OUTPUT
76
Pin Name
PB7/TIOA0
IN/OUT
109
INPUT
75
CTRL
74
PB10/TIOA1
107
IN/OUT
PB6/TCLK0
OUTPUT
73
INPUT
72
D5
IN/OUT
D4
IN/OUT
105
D15
103
INPUT
D[7:4]
IN/OUT
D3
IN/OUT
101
OUTPUT
INPUT
OUTPUT
99
INPUT
OUTPUT
D[15:12]
IN/OUT
D11
IN/OUT
96
95
94
D10
INPUT
OUTPUT
92
90
D[11:8]
IN/OUT
D7
IN/OUT
87
86
71
INPUT
OUTPUT
70
INPUT
69
OUTPUT
68
INPUT
67
CTRL
OUTPUT
66
OUTPUT
INPUT
65
OUTPUT
64
CTRL
INPUT
63
OUTPUT
CTRL
62
OUTPUT
61
CTRL
INPUT
60
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
59
INPUT
58
OUTPUT
57
A19
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
INPUT
56
A18
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
55
A17
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
INPUT
54
A16
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
CTRL
53
A[19:16]
OUTPUT
CTRL
OUTPUT
52
A15
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
INPUT
51
A14
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
D[3:0]
IN/OUT
CTRL
OUTPUT
PB5/A23/CS4
IN/OUT
INPUT
PB4/A22/CS5
IN/OUT
INPUT
PB3/A21/CS6
PB2/A20/CS7
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
INPUT
INPUT
CTRL
IN/OUT
89
88
CTRL
IN/OUT
91
D8
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
93
D9
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
98
97
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
100
D12
CTRL
IN/OUT
102
D13
INPUT
IN/OUT
104
D14
INPUT
OUTPUT
D0
106
IN/OUT
CTRL
D1
108
Associated
BSR Cells
OUTPUT
D2
110
Pin Type
203
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
Table 20-1.
Bit
Number
Boundary-scan Register (Continued)
Pin Name
Pin Type
85
D6
Associated
BSR Cells
Bit
Number
Pin Name
Pin Type
Associated
BSR Cells
OUTPUT
50
A13
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
INPUT
49
A12
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
A[15:12]
OUTPUT
CTRL
IN/OUT
84
83
D5
IN/OUT
OUTPUT
48
47
A11
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
21
OUTPUT
NWE/NWR0
46
A10
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
20
45
A9
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
19
INPUT
OUTPUT
NOE/NRD
44
A8
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
43
A[11:8]
OUTPUT
CTRL
42
A7
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
41
A6
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
40
A5
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
39
A4
OUTPUT
38
A[7:4]
37
IN/OUT
18
INPUT
17
NOE/NRD
NEW/NWR0
NUB/NWR1
NCS1
IN/OUT
CTRL
OUTPUT
16
NWAIT
INPUT
INPUT
OUTPUT
CTRL
15
A3
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
14
36
A2
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
13
CTRL
35
A1
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
12
OUTPUT
34
NLB/A0
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
11
33
A[3:0]
OUTPUT
CTRL
10
OUTPUT
9
INPUT
8
30
CTRL
7
29
OUTPUT
6
INPUT
5
CTRL
5
32
31
28
PB1/NCS3
PB0/NCS2
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
27
26
NCS1
OUTPUT
NCS0
IN/OUT
25
24
23
NUB/NWR1
OUTPUT
PA29/PME
PA28
IN/OUT
IN/OUT
INPUT
INPUT
CTRL
NRST
INPUT
INPUT
OUTPUT
PA27/BMS
IN/OUT
INPUT
CTRL
NWDOVF
OUTPUT
NWDOVF
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
4
CTRL
OUTPUT
3
OUTPUT
CTRL
2
OUTPUT
1
PA26
IN/OUT
INPUT
CTRL
IN/OUT
22
204
IN/OUT
INPUT
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
21. Packaging Information
Figure 21-1. 144-lead LQFP Package Drawing
θ2
θ1
θ3
θ
205
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
Table 21-1.
Common Dimensions (mm)
Symbol
Min
Nom
Max
c
0.09
0.2
c1
0.09
0.16
L
0.45
0.6
L1
0.75
1.00 REF
R2
0.08
R1
0.08
S
0.2
q
0°
q1
0°
q2
q3
0.2
3.5°
7°
11°
12°
13°
11°
12°
13°
A
1.6
A1
0.05
A2
1.35
0.15
1.4
1.45
Tolerances and form of position
Table 21-2.
aaa
0.2
bbb
0.2
Lead Count Dimensions (mm)
b
b1
Pin
Count
D/E
BSC
D1/E1
BSC
Min
Nom
Max
Min
Nom
Max
e BSC
ccc
ddd
144
22.0
20.0
0.17
0.22
0.27
0.17
0.2
0.23
0.50
0.10
0.08
Table 21-3.
Device and 144-lead LQFP Package Maximum Weight
1708
206
mg
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
Figure 21-2. 144-ball Ball Grid Array Package Drawing
TOP VIEW
BOTTOM VIEW
Symbol
Max.
SIDE VIEW
Table 21-4.
Device and 144-ball BGA Package Maximum Weight
584
mg
207
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
22. Soldering Profile
22.1
LQFP Soldering Profile (Green)
Table 22-1 gives the recommended soldering profile from J-STD-020C.
Table 22-1.
Soldering Profile Green Compliant Package
Profile Feature
Green Package
Average Ramp-up Rate (217°C to Peak)
3° C/sec. max.
Preheat Temperature 175°C ±25°C
180 sec. max.
Temperature Maintained Above 217°C
60 sec. to 150 sec.
Time within 5° C of Actual Peak Temperature
20 sec. to 40 sec.
Peak Temperature Range
260° C
Ramp-down Rate
6° C/sec. max.
Time 25° C to Peak Temperature
8 min. max.
Note:
The package is certified to be backward compatible with Pb/Sn soldering profile.
A maximum of three reflow passes is allowed per component.
22.2
BGA Soldering Profile (RoHS-compliant)
Table 22-2 gives the recommended soldering profile from J-STD-20C.
Table 22-2.
Soldering Profile RoHS Compliant Package
Profile Feature
Convection or IR/Convection
Average Ramp-up Rate (183° C to Peak)
3° C/sec. max.
Preheat Temperature 125° C ±25° C
180 sec. max
Temperature Maintained Above 183° C
60 sec. to 150 sec.
Time within 5° C of Actual Peak Temperature
20 sec. to 40 sec.
Peak Temperature Range
260° C
Ramp-down Rate
6° C/sec.
Time 25° C to Peak Temperature
8 min. max
Note:
It is recomended to apply a soldering temperature higher than 250°C.
A maximum of three reflow passes is allowed per component.
208
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
23. Ordering Information
Table 23-1.
Ordering Information
Ordering Code
Package
Package Type
Operating Temperature Range
AT91M42800A-33CJ
BGA 144
RoHS-compliant
AT91M42800A-33AU
LQFP 144
Green
Industrial
(-40° C to 85° C)
209
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
24. AT91M42800A Errata
These errata are applicable to:
• 144-lead TQFP and 144-ball BGA devices with the following markings:
Internal Product
Reference 56544C
24.1
AT91M42800A-33CJ
AT91M42800A-33AU
Warning: Additional NWAIT Constraints
When the NWAIT signal is asserted during an external memory access, the following EBI
behavior is correct:
• NWAIT is asserted before the first rising edge of the master clock and respects the NWAIT
to MCKI rising setup timing as defined in the Electrical Characteristics datasheet.
• NWAIT is sampled inactive and at least one standard wait state remains to be executed,
even if NWAIT does not meet the NWAIT to first MCKI rising setup timing (i.e., NWAIT is
asserted only on the second rising edge of MCKI).
In these cases, the access is delayed as required by NWAIT and the access operations are
correctly performed.
In other cases, the following erroneous behavior occurs:
• 32-bit read accesses are not managed correctly and the first 16-bit data sampling takes
into account only the standard wait states. 16- and 8-bit accesses are not affected.
• During write accesses of any type, the NWE rises on the rising edge of the last cycle as
defined by the programmed number of wait states. However, NWAIT assertion does affect
the length of the total access. Only the NWE pulse length is inaccurate.
At maximum speed, asserting the NWAIT in the first access cycle is not possible, as the sum
of the timings “MCKI Falling to Chip Select” and “NWAIT setup to MCKI rising” are generally
higher than one half of a clock period. This leads to using at least one standard wait state.
However, this is not sufficient except to perform byte or half-word read accesses. Word and
write accesses require at least two standard wait states.
The following waveforms further explain the issue:
210
AT91M42800A
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
If the NWAIT setup time is satisfied on the first rising edge of MCKI, the behavior is accurate.
The EBI operations are not affected when the NWAIT rises.
Figure 24-1. NWAIT Rising
MCKI
NWAIT
NWAIT Setup before MCKI Rising (EB16)
If the NWAIT setup time is satisfied on the following edges of MCKI and if at least one standard wait state remains to be executed, the behavior is accurate. In the following example, the
number of standard wait states is two. The NWAIT setup time on the second rising edge of
MCKI must be met.
Figure 24-2.
Number of Standard Wait States is Two
MCKI
NWAIT
EB16
1(1)
NCS
2(1)
3(1)
Standard Access Length with Two Wait States
Note:
1. These numbers refer to the standard access cycles.
211
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
If the first two conditions are not met during a 32-bit read access, the first 16-bit data is read at
the end of the standard 16-bit read access. In the following example, the number of standard
waits is one. NWAIT assertions do affect both NRD pulse lengths, but first data sampling is not
delayed. The second data sampling is correct.
Figure 24-3.
Number of Standard Wait States is One
MCKI
Second Data
Sampling
(Correct)
NWAIT
First Data Sampling
(Erroneous)
EB16
NRD
1(1)
2(1)
2(1)
1(1)
2(1)
2(1)
32-bit Access = Two 16-bit Accesses
Each Access Length = One Wait State + Assertion for One More Cycle
Note:
1. These numbers refer to the standard access cycles.
If the first two conditions are not met during write accesses, the NWE signal is not affected by
the NWAIT assertion. The following example illustrates the number of standard wait states.
NWAIT is not asserted during the first cycle, but is asserted at the second and last cycle of the
standard access. The access is correctly delayed as the NCS line rises accordingly to the
NWAIT assertion. However, the NWE signal waveform is unchanged, and rises too early.
212
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1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
Figure 24-4. Description of the Number of Standard Wait States
MCKI
NWAIT
EB16
Erroneous NWE Rising
NWE
NCS
Access Length = One Wait State + Assertion of the NWAIT for One More Cycle
24.2
Possible Glitches on MCKO while Commuting Clock
Unpredictable transitional pulses may occur on the MCKO pin when modifying the MCKOSS
field in the PMC Clock Generator Mode Register. The length of these glitches can be lower
than the lowest period of the selected or current clock. When switching from the Slow Clock
(i.e., after reset) to any of the PLL outputs (inverted or divided by 2), a pulse of less than 10 ns
is output on the pin MCKO.
Problem Fix/Workaround
The glitch description above is merely a user warning/possibility. If the glitches do occur, there
is no Problem Fix/Workaround to propose.
24.3
Initializing SPI in Master Mode May Cause Problems
Initializing the SPI in master mode may cause a mode fault detection.
Problem Fix/Workaround
In order to prevent this error, the user should pull up the PA14/NPCSA0/NSSA pin for SPIA or
the PA21/NPCSA0/NSSB pin for SPIB to the VDDIO power supply.
24.4
Break is Sent before Last Written Character
When the Start Break command is activated in the USART Control Register and while a character is in the USART Transmit Holding Register, the break is transmitted before the
character.
Problem Fix/Workaround
The user must wait for the TXEMPTY flag in the USART Status Register before sending a
break command.
24.5
End of Break is not Guaranteed
When performing a Stop Break command, the USART transmitter normally inserts a “12-bit at
level 1” sequence after the break. This feature is not guaranteed.
213
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
Problem Fix/Workaround
The user must use the Time Guard programmed at the value 12.
24.6
SCK is Ignored at 32 kHz
If the origin of the Master Clock is the Slow Clock, the USART Channels cannot be synchronized with a clock that comes from the SCK pin.
Problem Fix/Workaround
No problem fix/workaround to propose.
24.7
SCK Maximum Frequency Relative to MCK in Synchronous Mode
In USART Synchronous Mode, the external clock frequency (SCK) must be at least 10 times
lower than the Master Clock.
Problem Fix/Workaround
No problem fix/workaround to propose.
24.8
PIO Input Filters are not Bit-to-bit Selectable
The PIO input filters are enabled and disabled only for all of the PIO input pins and not individually. To activate them, the user must write 0x0001 in the PIO IFER and 0x0001 in the PIO
IFDR to deactivate them.
Problem Fix/Workaround
No problem fix/workaround to propose.
24.9
PIO Multi-drive Capability not Usable
The PIO multi-drive capability does not work in PIO mode or in peripheral mode.
Problem Fix/Workaround
No practical workaround proposed.
214
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1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
25. Revision History
Table 25-1.
1779A
Revision History
First Issue. Publication Date: Oct-01
Publication Date: 22-Mar-02
Change in Table 2 on page 4
Change in Table 3 on page 5
1779B
Change in Table 4 on page 10
Change in section Power SupplyChange in section Clock Generator on page 11
Added section Protection ModeChange in section Internal MemoriesDeleted section Protect
Mode on page 13
1779C
Added Section 7.5.2 ”NTRST Pin” on page 13.
05-473
Changed number of wait states in Section 11.8 ”Boot on NCS0” on page 29. Change in reset
state for EBI_CSR0 in Table 11-4 on page 48.
03-245
Added Section 21. ”Packaging Information” on page 205, Section 22. ”Soldering Profile” on
page 208 and Section 23. ”Ordering Information” on page 209.
Added Section 24. ”AT91M42800A Errata” on page 210 to replace Lit. No. 1782, AT91M42800A
Errata Sheet.
1779D
Updated Section 22. ”Soldering Profile” on page 208 and Section 23. ”Ordering Information” on
page 209 to remove leaded packages.
2600
215
1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
216
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1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
AT91M42800A
Table of Contents
Features .........................................................................................1
1
Description ...................................................................................2
2
Pin Configuration .........................................................................3
3
Pin Description .............................................................................6
4
Block Diagram ..............................................................................8
5
Architectural Overview ................................................................9
5.1 Memories .................................................................................................. 9
5.2 Peripherals ............................................................................................... 9
6
Associated Documentation .......................................................11
7
Product Overview .......................................................................11
7.1 Power Supply ......................................................................................... 11
7.2 Input/Output Considerations ................................................................... 11
7.3 Operating Modes .................................................................................... 12
7.4 Clock Generator ..................................................................................... 12
7.5 Reset ...................................................................................................... 12
7.6 Emulation Functions ............................................................................... 13
7.7 Memory Controller .................................................................................. 14
7.8 External Bus Interface ............................................................................16
8
Peripherals ..................................................................................16
8.1 System Peripherals ................................................................................ 17
8.2 User Peripherals ..................................................................................... 18
9
Memory Map ...............................................................................20
10 Peripheral Memory Map .............................................................22
11 EBI: External Bus Interface .......................................................23
11.1 External Memory Mapping .................................................................... 23
11.2 Abort Status .......................................................................................... 24
11.3 EBI Behavior During Internal Accesses ................................................ 24
11.4 Pin Description ..................................................................................... 25
11.5 Chip Select Lines .................................................................................. 25
11.6 Data Bus Width ..................................................................................... 26
11.7 Byte Write or Byte Select Access ......................................................... 27
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1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
11.8 Boot on NCS0 ....................................................................................... 29
11.9 Read Protocols ..................................................................................... 29
11.10 Write Data Hold Time ......................................................................... 31
11.11 Wait States ......................................................................................... 32
11.12 Memory Access Waveforms ...............................................................36
11.13 EBI User Interface .............................................................................. 48
11.14 EBI Chip Select Register .................................................................... 49
11.15 EBI Remap Control Register .............................................................. 51
11.16 EBI Memory Control Register ............................................................. 52
11.17 Abort Status Register ......................................................................... 53
11.18 Abort Address Status Register ........................................................... 54
12 PMC: Power Management Controller .......................................55
12.1 Oscillator and Slow Clock ..................................................................... 55
12.2 Master Clock ......................................................................................... 56
12.3 Master Clock Output Controller ............................................................ 58
12.4 ARM Processor Clock Controller .......................................................... 59
12.5 Peripheral Clock Controller ................................................................... 59
12.6 PMC User Interface .............................................................................. 61
12.7 PMC System Clock Enable Register .................................................... 62
12.8 PMC System Clock Disable Register ................................................... 63
12.9 PMC System Clock Status Register ..................................................... 63
12.10 PMC Peripheral Clock Enable Register .............................................. 64
12.11 PMC Peripheral Clock Disable Register ............................................. 64
12.12 PMC Peripheral Clock Status Register ............................................... 65
12.13 PMC Clock Generator Mode Register ................................................ 66
12.14 PMC Status Register .......................................................................... 68
12.15 PMC Interrupt Enable Register ........................................................... 69
12.16 PMC Interrupt Disable Register .......................................................... 69
12.17 PMC Interrupt Mask Register ............................................................. 70
13 ST: System Timer .......................................................................71
13.1 PIT: Period Interval Timer ..................................................................... 71
13.2 WDT: Watchdog Timer ......................................................................... 71
13.3 RTT: Real-time Timer ........................................................................... 72
13.4 System Timer User Interface ................................................................ 74
13.5 System Timer Control Register ............................................................ 74
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13.6 System Timer Period Interval Mode Register ....................................... 75
13.7 System Timer Watchdog Mode Register .............................................. 75
13.8 System Timer Real-time Mode Register ............................................... 76
13.9 System Timer Status Register .............................................................. 76
13.10 System Timer Interrupt Enable Register ............................................ 77
13.11 System Timer Interrupt Disable Register ............................................ 78
13.12 System Timer Interrupt Mask Register ............................................... 79
13.13 System Timer Real-time Alarm Register ............................................ 80
13.14 System Timer Current Real-time Register .......................................... 80
14 AIC: Advanced Interrupt Controller ..........................................81
14.1 Hardware Interrupt Vectoring ...............................................................82
14.2 Priority Controller .................................................................................. 83
14.3 Interrupt Handling ................................................................................. 83
14.4 Interrupt Masking .................................................................................. 83
14.5 Interrupt Clearing and Setting ...............................................................84
14.6 Fast Interrupt Request .......................................................................... 84
14.7 Software Interrupt ................................................................................. 84
14.8 Spurious Interrupt ................................................................................. 84
14.9 Protect Mode ........................................................................................ 85
14.10 AIC User Interface .............................................................................. 86
14.11 AIC Source Mode Register ................................................................. 87
14.12 AIC Source Vector Register ...............................................................88
14.13 AIC Interrupt Vector Register ............................................................. 88
14.14 AIC FIQ Vector Register ................................................................................................. 89
14.15 AIC Interrupt Status Register .............................................................. 89
14.16 AIC Interrupt Pending Register ........................................................... 90
14.17 AIC Interrupt Mask Register ...............................................................90
14.18 AIC Core Interrupt Status Register ..................................................... 91
14.19 AIC Interrupt Enable Command Register ........................................... 92
14.20 AIC Interrupt Disable Command Register .......................................... 92
14.21 AIC Interrupt Clear Command Register .............................................. 93
14.22 AIC Interrupt Set Command Register ................................................. 93
14.23 AIC End of Interrupt Command Register ............................................ 94
14.24 AIC Spurious Vector Register ............................................................. 94
14.25 Standard Interrupt Sequence ............................................................. 95
14.26 Fast Interrupt Sequence ..................................................................... 96
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1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
15 PIO: Parallel I/O Controller ........................................................97
15.1 Multiplexed I/O Lines ............................................................................97
15.2 Output Selection ................................................................................... 97
15.3 I/O Levels ............................................................................................. 97
15.4 Filters .................................................................................................... 97
15.5 Interrupts .............................................................................................. 98
15.6 User Interface ....................................................................................... 98
15.7 Multi-driver (Open Drain) ...................................................................... 98
15.8 PIO Connection Tables ..................................................................... 100
15.9 PIO Enable Register ........................................................................... 103
15.10 PIO Disable Register ........................................................................ 103
15.11 PIO Status Register ..........................................................................104
15.12 PIO Output Enable Register .............................................................105
15.13 PIO Output Disable Register ............................................................ 105
15.14 PIO Output Status Register .............................................................. 106
15.15 PIO Input Filter Enable Register ....................................................... 107
15.16 PIO Input Filter Disable Register ...................................................... 107
15.17 PIO Input Filter Status Register ........................................................ 108
15.18 PIO Set Output Data Register .......................................................... 109
15.19 PIO Clear Output Data Register ....................................................... 109
15.20 PIO Output Data Status Register ..................................................... 110
15.21 PIO Pin Data Status Register ........................................................... 110
15.22 PIO Interrupt Enable Register .......................................................... 111
15.23 PIO Interrupt Disable Register .......................................................... 111
15.24 PIO Interrupt Mask Register .............................................................112
15.25 PIO Interrupt Status Register ........................................................... 112
15.26 PIO Multi-drive Enable Register ....................................................... 113
15.27 PIO Multi-drive Disable Register ...................................................... 113
15.28 PIO Multi-drive Status Register ........................................................ 114
16 SF: Special Function Registers ..............................................115
16.1 Chip Identification ............................................................................... 115
16.2 Chip ID Register ................................................................................. 116
16.3 Chip ID Extension Register ................................................................ 118
16.4 Reset Status Register ......................................................................... 118
16.5 SF Protect Mode Register .................................................................. 119
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17 USART: Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter 121
17.1 Pin Description ................................................................................... 122
17.2 Baud Rate Generator ......................................................................... 122
17.3 Receiver ............................................................................................. 123
17.4 Transmitter ......................................................................................... 125
17.5 Multi-drop Mode .................................................................................. 125
17.6 Break .................................................................................................. 126
17.7 Peripheral Data Controller .................................................................. 127
17.8 Interrupt Generation ........................................................................... 127
17.9 Channel Modes .................................................................................. 127
17.10 USART User Interface ...................................................................... 129
17.11 USART Control Register .................................................................. 130
17.12 USART Mode Register ..................................................................... 132
17.13 USART Interrupt Enable Register .................................................... 135
17.14 USART Interrupt Disable Register .................................................... 137
17.15 USART Interrupt Mask Register ....................................................... 139
17.16 USART Channel Status Register ..................................................... 141
17.17 USART Receiver Holding Register ................................................... 143
17.18 USART Transmitter Holding Register ............................................... 143
17.19 USART Baud Rate Generator Register ............................................ 144
17.20 USART Receiver Time-out Register ................................................. 145
17.21 USART Transmitter Time-guard Register ........................................ 146
17.22 USART Receive Pointer Register ..................................................... 147
17.23 USART Receive Counter Register ................................................... 147
17.24 USART Transmit Pointer Register .................................................... 148
17.25 USART Transmit Counter Register .................................................. 148
18 TC: Timer/Counter ....................................................................149
18.1 Signal Name Description(1, 2) ........................................................... 151
18.2 Timer/Counter Description .................................................................. 152
18.3 Capture Operating Mode .................................................................... 155
18.4 Waveform Operating Mode ................................................................ 157
18.5 TC User Interface ............................................................................... 160
18.6 TC Block Control Register .................................................................. 161
18.7 TC Block Mode Register ..................................................................... 162
18.8 TC Channel Control Register .............................................................163
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1779D–ATARM–14-Apr-06
18.9 TC Channel Mode Register: Capture Mode ....................................... 164
18.10 TC Channel Mode Register: Waveform Mode .................................. 166
18.11 TC Counter Value Register .............................................................. 170
18.12 TC Register A ................................................................................... 171
18.13 TC Register B ................................................................................... 171
18.14 TC Register C ................................................................................... 172
18.15 TC Status Register ........................................................................... 173
18.16 TC Interrupt Enable Register ............................................................ 175
18.17 TC Interrupt Disable Register ........................................................... 177
18.18 TC Interrupt Mask Register .............................................................. 178
19 SPI: Serial Peripheral Interface ...............................................179
19.1 Pin Description ................................................................................... 179
19.2 Master Mode ....................................................................................... 180
19.3 Slave Mode ......................................................................................... 184
19.4 Data Transfer ...................................................................................... 185
19.5 Clock Generation ................................................................................ 186
19.6 Peripheral Data Controller .................................................................. 186
19.7 SPI Programmer’s Model ................................................................... 187
19.8 SPI Control Register ........................................................................... 188
19.9 SPI Mode Register ............................................................................. 189
19.10 SPI Receive Data Register ............................................................... 191
19.11 SPI Transmit Data Register .............................................................. 192
19.12 SPI Status Register ..........................................................................193
19.13 SPI Interrupt Enable Register ........................................................... 194
19.14 SPI Interrupt Disable Register .......................................................... 195
19.15 SPI Interrupt Mask Register .............................................................196
19.16 SPI Receive Pointer Register ........................................................... 197
19.17 SPI Receive Counter Register .......................................................... 197
19.18 SPI Transmit Pointer Register .......................................................... 198
19.19 SPI Transmit Counter Register ......................................................... 198
19.20 SPI Chip Select Register .................................................................. 199
20 JTAG Boundary-scan Register ...............................................201
21 Packaging Information ............................................................205
22 Soldering Profile ......................................................................208
22.1 Green Soldering Profile ...................................................................... 208
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22.2 RoHS Soldering Profile ....................................................................... 208
23 Ordering Information ...............................................................209
24 AT91M42800A Errata ...............................................................210
24.1 Warning: Additional NWAIT Constraints ............................................. 210
24.2 Possible Glitches on MCKO while Commuting Clock ......................... 213
24.3 Initializing SPI in Master Mode May Cause Problems ........................ 213
24.4 Break is Sent before Last Written Character ...................................... 213
24.5 End of Break is not Guaranteed ......................................................... 213
24.6 SCK is Ignored at 32 kHz ................................................................... 214
24.7 SCK Maximum Frequency Relative to MCK in Synchronous Mode ...214
24.8 PIO Input Filters are not Bit-to-bit Selectable ..................................... 214
24.9 PIO Multi-drive Capability not Usable ................................................. 214
25 Revision History .......................................................................215
Table of Contents ...........................................................................i
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