Features • Incorporates the ARM7TDMI® ARM® Thumb® Processor • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • – High-performance 32-bit RISC Architecture – High-density 16-bit Instruction Set – Leader in MIPS/Watt – Embedded ICE In-circuit Emulation, Debug Communication Channel Support 128 Kbytes of Internal High-speed Flash, Organized in 512 Pages of 256 Bytes – Single Cycle Access at Up to 30 MHz in Worst Case Conditions – Prefetch Buffer Optimizing Thumb Instruction Execution at Maximum Speed – Page Programming Time: 4 ms, Including Page Auto-erase, Full Erase Time: 10 ms – 10,000 Write Cycles, 10-year Data Retention Capability, Sector Lock Capabilities, Flash Security Bit – Fast Flash Programming Interface for High Volume Production 32 Kbytes of Internal High-speed SRAM, Single-cycle Access at Maximum Speed Memory Controller (MC) – Embedded Flash Controller, Abort Status and Misalignment Detection Reset Controller (RSTC) – Based on Power-on Reset and Low-power Factory-calibrated Brown-out Detector – Provides External Reset Signal Shaping and Reset Source Status Clock Generator (CKGR) – Low-power RC Oscillator, 3 to 20 MHz On-chip Oscillator and one PLL Power Management Controller (PMC) – Software Power Optimization Capabilities, Including Slow Clock Mode (Down to 500 Hz) and Idle Mode – Three Programmable External Clock Signals Advanced Interrupt Controller (AIC) – Individually Maskable, Eight-level Priority, Vectored Interrupt Sources – Two External Interrupt Sources and One Fast Interrupt Source, Spurious Interrupt Protected Debug Unit (DBGU) – 2-wire UART and Support for Debug Communication Channel interrupt, Programmable ICE Access Prevention Periodic Interval Timer (PIT) – 20-bit Programmable Counter plus 12-bit Interval Counter Windowed Watchdog (WDT) – 12-bit key-protected Programmable Counter – Provides Reset or Interrupt Signals to the System – Counter May Be Stopped While the Processor is in Debug State or in Idle Mode Real-time Timer (RTT) – 32-bit Free-running Counter with Alarm – Runs Off the Internal RC Oscillator One Parallel Input/Output Controller (PIOA) – Thirty-two Programmable I/O Lines Multiplexed with up to Two Peripheral I/Os – Input Change Interrupt Capability on Each I/O Line – Individually Programmable Open-drain, Pull-up resistor and Synchronous Output Eleven Peripheral Data Controller (PDC) Channels One USB 2.0 Full Speed (12 Mbits per second) Device Port – On-chip Transceiver, 328-byte Configurable Integrated FIFOs One Synchronous Serial Controller (SSC) – Independent Clock and Frame Sync Signals for Each Receiver and Transmitter – I²S Analog Interface Support, Time Division Multiplex Support – High-speed Continuous Data Stream Capabilities with 32-bit Data Transfer Two Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver Transmitters (USART) – Individual Baud Rate Generator, IrDA Infrared Modulation/Demodulation – Support for ISO7816 T0/T1 Smart Card, Hardware Handshaking, RS485 Support – Full Modem Line Support on USART1 One Master/Slave Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) – 8- to 16-bit Programmable Data Length, Four External Peripheral Chip Selects AT91 ARM® Thumb®-based Microcontrollers AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 Note: This is a summary document. A complete document is not available at this time. For more information, please contact your local Atmel sales office. • One Three-channel 16-bit Timer/Counter (TC) • • • • • • • • – Three External Clock Inputs, Two Multi-purpose I/O Pins per Channel – Double PWM Generation, Capture/Waveform Mode, Up/Down Capability One Four-channel 16-bit PWM Controller (PWMC) One Two-wire Interface (TWI) – Master Mode Support Only, All Two-wire Atmel EEPROMs Supported One 8-channel 10-bit Analog-to-Digital Converter, Four Channels Multiplexed with Digital I/Os IEEE 1149.1 JTAG Boundary Scan on All Digital Pins 5V-tolerant I/Os, including Four High-current Drive I/O lines, Up to 16 mA Each Power Supplies – Embedded 1.8V Regulator, Drawing up to 100 mA for the Core and External Components – 3.3V VDDIO I/O Lines Power Supply, Independent 3.3V VDDFLASH Flash Power Supply – 1.8V VDDCORE Core Power Supply with Brown-out Detector Fully Static Operation: Up to 55 MHz at 1.65V and 85°C Worst Case Conditions Available in a 64-lead LQFP Package Description Atmel’s AT91SAM7S128 is a member of a series of low pincount Flash microcontrollers based on the 32-bit ARM RISC processor. It features a 128 Kbyte high-speed Flash and a 32 Kbyte SRAM, a large set of peripherals, including a USB 2.0 device, and a complete set of system functions minimizing the number of external components. The device is an ideal migration path for 8-bit microcontroller users looking for additional performance and extended memory. The embedded Flash memory can be programmed in-system via the JTAG-ICE interface or via a parallel interface on a production programmer prior to mounting. Built-in lock bits and a security bit protect the firmware from accidental overwrite and preserves its confidentiality. The AT91SAM7S128 system controller includes a reset controller capable of managing the power-on sequence of the microcontroller and the complete system. Correct device operation can be monitored by a built-in brown-out detector and a watchdog running off an integrated RC oscillator. The AT91SAM7S128 is a general-purpose microcontroller. Its integrated USB Device port makes it an ideal device for peripheral applications requiring connectivity to a PC or cellular phone. Its aggressive price point and high level of integration pushes its scope of use far into the cost-sensitive, high-volume consumer market. 2 AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary Block Diagram Figure 1. AT91SAM7S128 Block Diagram TDI TDO TMS TCK ICE JTAG SCAN ARM7TDMI Processor JTAGSEL 1.8 V Voltage Regulator System Controller TST FIQ VDDCORE AIC PCK0-PCK2 PLLRC PLL XIN XOUT OSC VDDIO Memory Controller PIO IRQ0-IRQ1 SRAM Embedded Flash Controller Address Decoder Abort Status Misalignment Detection PMC 32 Kbytes VDDFLASH Flash RCOSC VDDCORE BOD VDDCORE POR VDDIN GND VDDOUT ERASE 128 Kbytes Peripheral Bridge Reset Controller Peripheral Data Controller NRST PGMRDY PGMNVALID PGMNOE PGMCK PGMM0-PGMM3 PGMD0-PGMD15 PGMNCMD PGMEN0-PGMEN1 Fast Flash Programming Interface 11 Channels PIT APB WDT DBGU PDC FIFO PDC USB Device PIOA PDC PWMC USART0 PDC SSC PIO PDC PDC PDC USART1 Timer Counter PDC PIO RXD0 TXD0 SCK0 RTS0 CTS0 RXD1 TXD1 SCK1 RTS1 CTS1 DCD1 DSR1 DTR1 RI1 NPCS0 NPCS1 NPCS2 NPCS3 MISO MOSI SPCK ADTRG AD0 AD1 AD2 AD3 AD4 AD5 AD6 AD7 Transceiver DRXD DTXD PIO RTT TC0 PDC TC1 SPI TC2 PDC PDC TWI DDM DDP PWM0 PWM1 PWM2 PWM3 TF TK TD RD RK RF TCLK0 TCLK1 TCLK2 TIOA0 TIOB0 TIOA1 TIOB1 TIOA2 TIOB2 TWD TWCK ADC ADVREF 3 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 Signal Description Table 1. Signal Description List Signal Name Function Type Active Level Comments Power VDDIN Voltage Regulator Power Supply Input Power 3.0V to 3.6V VDDOUT Voltage Regulator Output Power 1.85V nominal VDDFLASH Flash Power Supply Power 3.0V to 3.6V VDDIO I/O Lines Power Supply Power 3.0V to 3.6V VDDCORE Core Power Supply Power 1.65V to 1.95V VDDPLL PLL Power 1.65V to 1.95V GND Ground Ground Clocks, Oscillators and PLLs XIN Main Oscillator Input XOUT Main Oscillator Output PLLRC PLL Filter PCK0 - PCK2 Programmable Clock Output Input Output Input Output ICE and JTAG TCK Test Clock Input No pull-up resistor TDI Test Data In Input No pull-up resistor TDO Test Data Out TMS Test Mode Select Input No pull-up resistor JTAGSEL JTAG Selection Input Pull-down resistor Output Flash Memory ERASE Flash and NVM Configuration Bits Erase Command Input High Pull-down resistor I/O Low Pull-Up resistor Reset/Test NRST Microcontroller Reset TST Test Mode Select Input Pull-down resistor Debug Unit DRXD Debug Receive Data Input DTXD Debug Transmit Data Output AIC IRQ0 - IRQ1 External Interrupt Inputs Input FIQ Fast Interrupt Input Input 4 AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary Table 1. Signal Description List (Continued) Signal Name Function Type Active Level Comments PIO PA0 - PA31 Parallel IO Controller A I/O Pulled-up input at reset USB Device Port DDM USB Device Port Data - Analog DDP USB Device Port Data + Analog USART SCK0 - SCK1 Serial Clock I/O TXD0 - TXD1 Transmit Data I/O RXD0 - RXD1 Receive Data Input RTS0 - RTS1 Request To Send CTS0 - CTS1 Clear To Send Input DCD1 Data Carrier Detect Input DTR1 Data Terminal Ready DSR1 Data Set Ready Input RI1 Ring Indicator Input Output Output Synchronous Serial Controller TD Transmit Data Output RD Receive Data Input TK Transmit Clock I/O RK Receive Clock I/O TF Transmit Frame Sync I/O RF Receive Frame Sync I/O Timer/Counter TCLK0 - TCLK2 External Clock Inputs Input TIOA0 - TIOA2 I/O Line A I/O TIOB0 - TIOB2 I/O Line B I/O PWM Controller PWM0 - PWM3 PWM Channels Output SPI MISO Master In Slave Out I/O MOSI Master Out Slave In I/O SPCK SPI Serial Clock I/O NPCS0 SPI Peripheral Chip Select 0 I/O Low NPCS1-NPCS3 SPI Peripheral Chip Select 1 to 3 Output Low 5 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 Table 1. Signal Description List (Continued) Signal Name Function Type Active Level Comments Two-Wire Interface TWD Two-wire Serial Data I/O TWCK Two-wire Serial Clock I/O Analog-to-Digital Converter AD0-AD3 Analog Inputs Analog Digital pulled-up inputs at reset AD4-AD7 Analog Inputs Analog Analog Inputs ADTRG ADC Trigger ADVREF ADC Reference Input Analog Fast Flash Programming Interface PGMEN0-PGMEN1 Programming Enabling Input PGMM0-PGMM3 Programming Mode Input PGMD0-PGMD15 Programming Data I/O PGMRDY Programming Ready Output High PGMNVALID Data Direction Output Low PGMNOE Programming Read Input Low PGMCK Programming Clock Input PGMNCMD Programming Command Input 6 Low AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary Package and Pinout The AT91SAM7S128 is available in a 64-lead LQFP package. 64-lead LQFP Mechanical Figure 2 shows the orientation of the 64-lead LQFP package. A detailed mechanical description is given in the section Mechanical Characteristics of the full datasheet. Overview Figure 2. 64-lead LQFP Package Pinout (Top View) 33 48 49 32 64 17 16 1 Pinout Table 2. AT91SAM7S128 Pinout in 64-lead LQFP Package 1 ADVREF 17 GND 33 TDI 49 TDO 2 GND 18 VDDIO 34 PA6/PGMNOE 50 JTAGSEL 3 AD4 19 PA16/PGMD4 35 PA5/PGMRDY 51 TMS 4 AD5 20 PA15/PGMD3 36 PA4/PGMNCMD 52 PA31 5 AD6 21 PA14/PGMD2 37 PA27/PGMD15 53 TCK 6 AD7 22 PA13/PGMD1 38 PA28 54 VDDCORE 7 VDDIN 23 PA24/PGMD12 39 NRST 55 ERASE 8 VDDOUT 24 VDDCORE 40 TST 56 DDM 9 PA17/PGMD5/AD0 25 PA25/PGMD13 41 PA29 57 DDP 10 PA18/PGMD6/AD1 26 PA26/PGMD14 42 PA30 58 VDDIO 11 PA21/PGMD9 27 PA12/PGMD0 43 PA3 59 VDDFLASH 12 VDDCORE 28 PA11/PGMM3 44 PA2 60 GND 13 PA19/PGMD7/AD2 29 PA10/PGMM2 45 VDDIO 61 XOUT 14 PA22/PGMD10 30 PA9/PGMM1 46 GND 62 XIN/PGMCK 15 PA23/PGMD11 31 PA8/PGMM0 47 PA1/PGMEN1 63 PLLRC 16 PA20/PGMD8/AD3 32 PA7/PGMNVALID 48 PA0/PGMEN0 64 VDDPLL 7 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 Power Considerations Power Supplies The AT91SAM7S128 has six types of power supply pins and integrates a voltage regulator, allowing the device to be supplied with only one voltage. The six power supply pin types are: • VDDIN pin. It powers the voltage regulator; voltage ranges from 3.0V to 3.6V, 3.3V nominal. If the voltage regulator is not used, VDDIN should be connected to GND. • VDDOUT pin. It is the output of the 1.8V voltage regulator. • VDDIO pin. It powers the I/O lines and the USB transceivers; dual voltage range is supported. Ranges from 3.0V to 3.6V, 3.3V nominal. • VDDFLASH pin. It powers a part of the Flash and is required for the Flash to operate correctly; voltage ranges from 3.0V to 3.6V, 3.3V nominal. • VDDCORE pins. They power the logic of the device; voltage ranges from 1.65V to 1.95V, 1.8V typical. It can be connected to the VDDOUT pin with decoupling capacitor. VDDCORE is required for the device, including its embedded Flash, to operate correctly. • VDDPLL pin. It powers the oscillator and the PLL. It can be connected directly to the VDDOUT pin. No separate ground pins are provided for the different power supplies. Only GND pins are provided and should be connected as shortly as possible to the system ground plane. Power Consumption The AT91SAM7S128 has a static current of less than 60 µA on VDDCORE at 25°C, including the RC oscillator, the voltage regulator and the power-on reset when the brown-out detector is deactivated. Activating the brown-out detector adds 20 µA static current. The dynamic power consumption on VDDCORE is less than 50 mA at full speed when running out of the Flash. Under the same conditions, the power consumption on VDDFLASH does not exceed 10 mA. Voltage Regulator The AT91SAM7S128 embeds a voltage regulator that is managed by the System Controller. In Normal Mode, the voltage regulator consumes less than 100 µA static current and draws 100 mA of output current. The voltage regulator also has a Low-power Mode. In this mode, it consumes less than 20 µA static current and draws 1 mA of output current. Adequate output supply decoupling is mandatory for VDDOUT to reduce ripple and avoid oscillations. The best way to achieve this is to use two capacitors in parallel: one external 470 pF (or 1 nF) NPO capacitor must be connected between VDDOUT and GND as close to the chip as possible. One external 2.2 µF (or 3.3 µF) X7R capacitor must be connected between VDDOUT and GND. Adequate input supply decoupling is mandatory for VDDIN in order to improve startup stability and reduce source voltage drop. The input decoupling capacitor should be placed close to the chip. For example, two capacitors can be used in parallel: 100 nF NPO and 4.7 µF X7R. 8 AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary Typical Powering Schematics The AT91SAM7S128 supports a 3.3V single supply mode. The internal regulator is connected to the 3.3V source and its output feeds VDDCORE and the VDDPLL. Figure 3 shows the power schematics to be used for USB bus-powered systems. Figure 3. 3.3V System Single Power Supply Schematic VDDFLASH Power Source ranges from 4.5V (USB) to 18V DC/DC Converter VDDIO VDDIN Voltage Regulator 3.3V VDDOUT VDDCORE VDDPLL 9 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 I/O Lines Considerations JTAG Port Pins TMS, TDI and TCK are schmitt trigger inputs. TMS and TCK are 5-V tolerant, TDI is not. TMS, TDI and TCK do not integrate a pull-up resistor. TDO is an output, driven at up to VDDIO, and has no pull-up resistor. The pin JTAGSEL is used to select the JTAG boundary scan when asserted at a high level. The pin JTAGSEL integrates a permanent pull-down resistor of about 15 kΩ to GND, so that it can be left unconnected for normal operations. Test Pin The pin TST is used for manufacturing test or fast programming mode of the AT91SAM7S128 when asserted high. The pin TST integrates a permanent pull-down resistor of about 15 kΩ to GND, so that it can be left unconnected for normal operations. To enter fast programming mode, the pin TST and the pins PA0 and PA1 should be tied high. Driving the pin TST at a high level while PA0 or PA1 is driven at 0 leads to unpredictable results. Reset Pin The pin NRST is bidirectional. It is handled by the on-chip reset controller and can be driven low to provide a reset signal to the external components or asserted low externally to reset the microcontroller. There is no constraint on the length of the reset pulse, and the reset controller can guarantee a minimum pulse length. This allows connection of a simple push-button on the pin NRST as system user reset, and the use of the signal NRST to reset all the components of the system. The pin NRST integrates a permanent pull-up resistor to VDDIO. ERASE Pin The pin ERASE is used to re-initialize the Flash content and some of its NVM bits. It integrates a permanent pull-down resistor of about 15 kΩ to GND, so that it can be left unconnected for normal operations. PIO Controller A Lines All the I/O lines PA0 to PA31 are 5V-tolerant and all integrate a programmable pull-up resistor. Programming of this pull-up resistor is performed independently for each I/O line through the PIO controllers. 5V-tolerant means that the I/O lines can drive voltage level according to VDDIO, but can be driven with a voltage of up to 5.5V. However, driving an I/O line with a voltage over VDDIO while the programmable pull-up resistor is enabled can lead to unpredictable results. Care should be taken, in particular at reset, as all the I/O lines default to input with pull-up resistor enabled at reset. I/O Line Drive Levels The PIO lines PA0 to PA3 are high-drive current capable. Each of these I/O lines can drive up to 16 mA permanently. The remaining I/O lines can draw only 8 mA. However, the total current drawn by all the I/O lines cannot exceed 150 mA. 10 AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary Processor and Architecture ARM7TDMI Processor • RISC processor based on ARMv4T Von Neumann architecture – • • Debug and Test Features • • Memory Controller Runs at up to 55 MHz, providing 0.9 MIPS/MHz Two instruction sets – ARM® high-performance 32-bit instruction set – Thumb® high code density 16-bit instruction set Three-stage pipeline architecture – Instruction Fetch (F) – Instruction Decode (D) – Execute (E) Integrated embedded in-circuit emulator – Two watchpoint units – Test access port accessible through a JTAG protocol – Debug communication channel Debug Unit – Two-pin UART – Debug communication channel interrupt handling – Chip ID Register • IEEE1149.1 JTAG Boundary-scan on all digital pins • Bus Arbiter – • • • • • Handles requests from the ARM7TDMI and the Peripheral Data Controller Address decoder provides selection signals for – Three internal 1 Mbyte memory areas – One 256 Mbyte embedded peripheral area Abort Status Registers – Source, Type and all parameters of the access leading to an abort are saved – Facilitates debug by detection of bad pointers Misalignment Detector – Alignment checking of all data accesses – Abort generation in case of misalignment Remap Command – Remaps the SRAM in place of the embedded non-volatile memory – Allows handling of dynamic exception vectors Embedded Flash Controller – Embedded Flash interface, up to three programmable wait states – Prefetch buffer, bufferizing and anticipating the 16-bit requests, reducing the required wait states – Key-protected program, erase and lock/unlock sequencer – Single command for erasing, programming and locking operations – Interrupt generation in case of forbidden operation 11 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 Peripheral Data Controller • • • • 12 Handles data transfer between peripherals and memories Eleven channels – Two for each USART – Two for the Debug Unit – Two for the Serial Synchronous Controller – Two for the Serial Peripheral Interface – One for the Analog-to-digital Converter Low bus arbitration overhead – One Master Clock cycle needed for a transfer from memory to peripheral – Two Master Clock cycles needed for a transfer from peripheral to memory Next Pointer management for reducing interrupt latency requirements AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary Memory • • 128 Kbytes of Flash Memory – 512 pages of 256 bytes – Fast access time, 30 MHz single-cycle access in worst case conditions – Page programming time: 4 ms, including page auto-erase – Page programming without auto-erase: 2 ms – Full chip erase time: 10 ms – 10,000 write cycles, 10-year data retention capability – 8 lock bits, each protecting 8 sectors of 64 pages – Protection Mode to secure contents of the Flash 32 Kbytes of Fast SRAM – Single-cycle access at full speed Memory Mapping Internal SRAM The AT91SAM7S128 embeds a high-speed 32-Kbyte SRAM bank. After reset and until the Remap Command is performed, the SRAM is only accessible at address 0x0020 0000. After Remap, the SRAM also becomes available at address 0x0. Internal Flash The AT91SAM7S128 features one bank of 128 Kbytes of Flash. At any time, the Flash is mapped to address 0x0010 0000. It is also accessible at address 0x0 after the reset and before the Remap Command. Figure 4. Internal Memory Mapping 0x0000 0000 0x000F FFFF Flash Before Remap SRAM After Remap 1 M Bytes 0x0010 0000 Internal Flash 1 M Bytes Internal SRAM 1 M Bytes 0x001F FFFF 0x0020 0000 256M Bytes 0x002F FFFF 0x0030 0000 Undefined Areas (Abort) 253 M Bytes 0x0FFF FFFF 13 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 Embedded Flash Flash Overview The Flash of the AT91SAM7S128 is organized in 512 pages of 256 bytes. It reads as 32,768 32-bit words. The Flash contains a 256-byte write buffer, accessible through a 32-bit interface. The Flash benefits from the integration of a power reset cell and from the brownout detector. This prevents code corruption during power supply changes, even in the worst conditions. Embedded Flash Controller The Embedded Flash Controller (EFC) manages accesses performed by the masters of the system. It enables reading the Flash and writing the write buffer. It also contains a User Interface, mapped within the Memory Controller on the APB. The User Interface allows: • programming of the access parameters of the Flash (number of wait states, timings, etc.) • starting commands such as full erase, page erase, page program, NVM bit set, NVM bit clear, etc. • getting the end status of the last command • getting error status • programming interrupts on the end of the last commands or on errors The Embedded Flash Controller also provides a dual 32-bit Prefetch Buffer that optimizes 16-bit access to the Flash. This is particularly efficient when the processor is running in Thumb mode. Lock Regions The Embedded Flash Controller manages 8 lock bits to protect 8 regions of the flash against inadvertent flash erasing or programming commands. The AT91SAM7S128 contains 8 lock regions and each lock region contains 64 pages of 256 bytes. Each lock region has a size of 16 Kbytes. If a locked-regions erase or program command occurs, the command is aborted and the EFC trigs an interrupt. The 8 NVM bits are software programmable through the EFC User Interface. The command "Set Lock Bit" enables the protection. The command "Clear Lock Bit" unlocks the lock region. Asserting the ERASE pin clears the lock bits, thus unlocking the entire Flash. Security Bit Feature The AT91SAM7S128 features a security bit, based on a specific NVM-Bit. When the security is enabled, any access to the Flash, either through the ICE interface or through the Fast Flash Programming Interface, is forbidden. This ensures the confidentiality of the code programmed in the Flash. This security bit can only be enabled, through the Command "Set Security Bit" of the EFC User Interface. Disabling the security bit can only be achieved by asserting the ERASE pin at 1, and after a full flash erase is performed. When the security bit is deactivated, all accesses to the flash are permitted. It is important to note that the assertion of the ERASE pin should always be longer than 50 ms. As the ERASE pin integrates a permanent pull-down, it can be left unconnected during normal operation. However, it is safer to connect it directly to GND for the final application. 14 AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary Non-volatile Brownout Detector Control Two general purpose NVM (GPNVM) bits are used for controlling the brownout detector (BOD), so that even after a power loss, the brownout detector operations remain in their state. These two GPNVM bits can be cleared or set respectively through the commands "Clear General-purpose NVM Bit" and "Set General-purpose NVM Bit" of the EFC User Interface. • GPNVM Bit 0 is used as a brownout detector enable bit. Setting the GPNVM Bit 0 enables the BOD, clearing it disables the BOD. Asserting ERASE clears the GPNVM Bit 0 and thus disables the brownout detector by default. • The GPNVM Bit 1 is used as a brownout reset enable signal for the reset controller. Setting the GPNVM Bit 1 enables the brownout reset when a brownout is detected, Clearing the GPNVM Bit 1 disables the brownout reset. Asserting ERASE disables the brownout reset by default. Calibration Bits Eight NVM bits are used to calibrate the brownout detector and the voltage regulator. These bits are factory configured and cannot be changed by the user. The ERASE pin has no effect on the calibration bits. Fast Flash Programming Interface The Fast Flash Programming Interface allows programming the device through either a serial JTAG interface or through a multiplexed fully-handshaked parallel port. It allows gang-programming with market-standard industrial programmers. The FFPI supports read, page program, page erase, full erase, lock, unlock and protect commands. The Fast Flash Programming Interface is enabled and the Fast Programming Mode is entered when the TST pin and the PA0 and PA1 pins are all tied high. 15 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 System Controller The System Controller manages all vital blocks of the microcontroller: interrupts, clocks, power, time, debug and reset. Figure 5. System Controller Block Diagram System Controller jtag_nreset Boundary Scan TAP Controller nirq irq0-irq1 Advanced Interrupt Controller fiq periph_irq[2..14] nfiq proc_nreset ARM7TDMI PCK int debug pit_irq rtt_irq wdt_irq dbgu_irq pmc_irq rstc_irq ice_nreset force_ntrst MCK periph_nreset dbgu_irq Debug Unit force_ntrst dbgu_txd dbgu_rxd security_bit MCK debug periph_nreset SLCK periph_nreset pit_irq Real-Time Timer rtt_irq Watchdog Timer wdt_irq flash_poe flash_wrdis cal gpnvm[0] gpnvm[0..1] wdt_fault WDRPROC gpnvm[1] flash_wrdis MCK bod_rst_en BOD proc_nreset ice_nreset jtag_nreset POR Reset Controller proc_nreset rstc_irq NRST Voltage Regulator Mode Controller OSC SLCK MAINCK XOUT standby Voltage Regulator cal SLCK XIN Memory Controller periph_nreset flash_poe RCOSC Embedded Flash cal SLCK debug idle proc_nreset en Periodic Interval Timer periph_clk[2..14] Power Management Controller UDPCK pck[0-2] periph_clk[11] PCK periph_nreset UDPCK MCK USB Device Port periph_irq[11] usb_suspend PLLRC PLL PLLCK pmc_irq int idle periph_nreset periph_clk[4..14] usb_suspend periph_nreset irq0-irq1 periph_clk[2] dbgu_rxd Embedded Peripherals periph_irq{2] periph_nreset PIO Controller fiq periph_irq[4..14] dbgu_txd in PA0-PA31 out enable 16 AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary System Controller Mapping The System Controller peripherals are all mapped to the highest 4 Kbytes of address space, between addresses 0xFFFF F000 and 0xFFFF FFFF. Figure 6 shows the mapping of the System Controller. Note that the Memory Controller configuration user interface is also mapped within this address space. Figure 6. System Controller Mapping Address Peripheral Peripheral Name Size 0xFFFF F000 AIC Advanced Interrupt Controller 512 Bytes/128 registers DBGU Debug Unit 512 Bytes/128 registers PIOA PIO Controller A 512 Bytes/128 registers PMC Power Management Controller 256 Bytes/64 registers RSTC Reset Controller 16 Bytes/4 registers RTT Real-time Timer 16 Bytes/4 registers PIT Periodic Interval Timer 16 Bytes/4 registers Watchdog Timer 16 Bytes/4 registers Voltage Regulator Mode Controller 4 Bytes/1 register Memory Controller 256 Bytes/64 registers 0xFFFF F1FF 0xFFFF F200 0xFFFF F3FF 0xFFFF F400 0xFFFF F5FF 0xFFFF F600 Reserved 0xFFFF FBFF 0xFFFF FC00 0xFFFF FCFF 0xFFFF FD00 0xFFFF FD0F Reserved 0xFFFF FD20 0xFFFF FC2F 0xFFFF FD30 0xFFFF FC3F 0xFFFF FD40 0xFFFF FD4F WDT Reserved 0xFFFF FD60 0xFFFF FC6F 0xFFFF FD70 0xFFFF FEFF 0xFFFF FF00 VREG Reserved MC 0xFFFF FFFF 17 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 Reset Controller The Reset Controller is based on a power-on reset cell and one brownout detector. It gives the status of the last reset, indicating whether it is a power-up reset, a software reset, a user reset, a watchdog reset or a brownout reset. In addition, it controls the internal resets and the NRST pin output. It allows to shape a signal on the NRST line, guaranteeing that the length of the pulse meets any requirement. Brownout Detector and Power-on Reset The AT91SAM7S128 embeds a brownout detection circuit and a power-on reset cell. Both are supplied with and monitor VDDCORE. Both signals are provided to the Flash to prevent any code corruption during power-up or power-down sequences or if brownouts occur on the VDDCORE power supply. The power-on reset cell has a limited-accuracy threshold at around 1.5V. Its output remains low during power-up until VDDCORE goes over this voltage level. This signal goes to the reset controller and allows a full re-initialization of the device. The brownout detector monitors the VDDCORE level during operation by comparing it to a fixed trigger level. It secures system operations in the most difficult environments and prevents code corruption in case of brownout on the VDDCORE. Only VDDCORE is monitored, as a voltage drop on VDDFLASH or any other power supply of the device cannot affect the Flash. When the brownout detector is enabled and VDDCORE decreases to a value below the trigger level (Vbot-, defined as Vbot - hyst/2), the brownout output is immediately activated. When VDDCORE increases above the trigger level (Vbot+, defined as Vbot + hyst/2), the reset is released. The brownout detector only detects a drop if the voltage on VDDCORE stays below the threshold voltage for longer than about 1µs. The threshold voltage has a hysteresis of about 50 mV, to ensure spike free brownout detection. The typical value of the brownout detector threshold is 1.68V with an accuracy of ± 2% and is factory calibrated. The brownout detector is low-power, as it consumes less than 20 µA static current. However, it can be deactivated to save its static current. In this case, it consumes less than 1µA. The deactivation is configured through the GPNVM bit 0 of the Flash. 18 AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary Clock Generator The Clock Generator embeds one low-power RC Oscillator, one Main Oscillator and one PLL with the following characteristics: • RC Oscillator ranges between 22 KHz and 42 KHz • Main Oscillator frequency ranges between 3 and 20 MHz • Main Oscillator can be bypassed • PLL output ranges between 80 and 200 MHz It provides SLCK, MAINCK and PLLCK. Figure 7. Clock Generator Block Diagram Clock Generator XIN Embedded RC Oscillator Slow Clock SLCK Main Oscillator Main Clock MAINCK PLL and Divider PLL Clock PLLCK XOUT PLLRC Status Control Power Management Controller 19 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 Power Management Controller The Power Management Controller uses the Clock Generator outputs to provide: • the Processor Clock PCK • the Master Clock MCK • the USB Clock UDPCK • all the peripheral clocks, independently controllable • three programmable clock outputs The Master Clock (MCK) is programmable from a few hundred Hz to the maximum operating frequency of the device. The Processor Clock (PCK) switches off when entering processor idle mode, thus allowing reduced power consumption while waiting for an interrupt. Figure 8. Power Management Controller Block Diagram Processor Clock Controller Master Clock Controller SLCK MAINCK PLLCK PCK int Idle Mode Prescaler /1,/2,/4,...,/64 MCK Peripherals Clock Controller periph_clk[2..14] ON/OFF Programmable Clock Controller SLCK MAINCK PLLCK Prescaler /1,/2,/4,...,/64 USB Clock Controller ON/OFF PLLCK Advanced Interrupt Controller usb_suspend UDPCK • Controls the interrupt lines (nIRQ and nFIQ) of an ARM Processor • Individually maskable and vectored interrupt sources • 20 Divider /1,/2,/4 pck[0..2] – Source 0 is reserved for the Fast Interrupt Input (FIQ) – Source 1 is reserved for system peripherals RTT, PIT, EFC, PMC, DBGU, etc.) – Other sources control the peripheral interrupts or external interrupts – Programmable edge-triggered or level-sensitive internal sources – Programmable positive/negative edge-triggered or high/low level-sensitive external sources 8-level Priority Controller – Drives the normal interrupt of the processor – Handles priority of the interrupt sources – Higher priority interrupts can be served during service of lower priority interrupt AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary • • Vectoring – Optimizes interrupt service routine branch and execution – One 32-bit vector register per interrupt source – Interrupt vector register reads the corresponding current interrupt vector Protect Mode – • Fast Forcing – • • • • Provides processor synchronization on events without triggering an interrupt Comprises: – One two-pin UART – One Interface for the Debug Communication Channel (DCC) support – One set of Chip ID Registers – One Interface providing ICE Access Prevention Two-pin UART – Implemented features are compatible with the USART – Programmable Baud Rate Generator – Parity, Framing and Overrun Error – Automatic Echo, Local Loopback and Remote Loopback Channel Modes Debug Communication Channel Support – • Permits redirecting any interrupt source on the fast interrupt General Interrupt Mask – Debug Unit Easy debugging by preventing automatic operations Offers visibility of COMMRX and COMMTX signals from the ARM Processor Chip ID Registers – Identification of the device revision, sizes of the embedded memories, set of peripherals – Chip ID is 0x270c0740 (VERSION 0) Periodic Interval Timer • 20-bit programmable counter plus 12-bit interval counter Watchdog Timer • 12-bit key-protected Programmable Counter running on prescaled SCLK • Provides reset or interrupt signals to the system • Counter may be stopped while the processor is in debug state or in idle mode • 32-bit free-running counter with alarm running on prescaled SCLK • Programmable 16-bit prescaler for SLCK accuracy compensation • One PIO Controller, controlling 32 I/O lines • Fully programmable through set/clear registers • Multiplexing of two peripheral functions per I/O line Real-time Timer PIO Controller • For each I/O line (whether assigned to a peripheral or used as general-purpose I/O) – Input change interrupt – Half a clock period glitch filter – Multi-drive option enables driving in open drain 21 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 • Voltage Regulator Controller 22 – Programmable pull-up on each I/O line – Pin data status register, supplies visibility of the level on the pin at any time Synchronous output, provides Set and Clear of several I/O lines in a single write The aim of this controller is to select the Power Mode of the Voltage Regulator between Normal Mode (bit 0 is cleared) or Standby Mode (bit 0 is set). AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary Peripherals Peripheral Mapping Each peripheral is allocated 16 Kbytes of address space. Figure 9. User Peripheral Mapping Peripheral Name Size Timer/Counter 0, 1 and 2 16 Kbytes USB Device Port 16 Kbytes Two-Wire Interface 16 Kbytes USART0 Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter 0 16 Kbytes USART1 Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter 1 16 Kbytes PWM Controller 16 Kbytes SSC Serial Synchronous Controller 16 Kbytes ADC Analog-to-Digital Converter 16 Kbytes 0xF000 0000 Reserved 0xFFF9 FFFF 0xFFFA 0000 TC0, TC1, TC2 0xFFFA 3FFF 0xFFFA 4000 Reserved 0xFFFA FFFF 0xFFFB 0000 UDP 0xFFFB 3FFF 0xFFFB 4000 Reserved 0xFFFB 7FFF 0xFFFB 8000 TWI 0xFFFB BFFF 0xFFFB C000 Reserved 0xFFFB FFFF 0xFFFC 0000 0xFFFC 3FFF 0xFFFC 4000 0xFFFC 7FFF 0xFFFC 8000 Reserved 0xFFFC BFFF 0xFFFC C000 PWMC 0xFFFC FFFF 0xFFFD 0000 Reserved 0xFFFD 3FFF 0xFFFD 4000 0xFFFD 7FFF 0xFFFD 8000 0xFFFD BFFF 0xFFFD C000 Reserved 0xFFFD FFFF 0xFFFE 0000 SPI Serial Peripheral Interface 16 Kbytes 0xFFFE 3FFF 0xFFFE 4000 Reserved 0xFFFE FFFF 23 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 Peripheral Multiplexing on PIO Lines The AT91SAM7S128 features one PIO controller, PIOA, that multiplexes the I/O lines of the peripheral set. PIO Controller A controls 32 lines. Each line can be assigned to one of two peripheral functions, A or B. Some of them can also be multiplexed with the analog inputs of the ADC Controller. Table 3 on page 25 defines how the I/O lines of the peripherals A, B or the analog inputs are multiplexed on the PIO Controller A. The two columns “Function” and “Comments” have been inserted for the user’s own comments; they may be used to track how pins are defined in an application. Note that some peripheral functions that are output only may be duplicated in the table. All pins reset in their Parallel I/O lines function are configured in input with the programmable pull-up enabled, so that the device is maintained in a static state as soon as a reset is detected. 24 AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary PIO Controller A Multiplexing Table 3. Multiplexing on PIO Controller A PIO Controller A Application Usage I/O Line Peripheral A Peripheral B Comments PA0 PWM0 TIOA0 High-Drive PA1 PWM1 TIOB0 High-Drive PA2 PWM2 SCK0 High-Drive PA3 TWD NPCS3 High-Drive PA4 TWCK TCLK0 PA5 RXD0 NPCS3 PA6 TXD0 PCK0 PA7 RTS0 PWM3 PA8 CTS0 ADTRG PA9 DRXD NPCS1 PA10 DTXD NPCS2 PA11 NPCS0 PWM0 PA12 MISO PWM1 PA13 MOSI PWM2 PA14 SPCK PWM3 PA15 TF TIOA1 PA16 TK TIOB1 PA17 TD PCK1 AD0 PA18 RD PCK2 AD1 PA19 RK FIQ AD2 PA20 RF IRQ0 AD3 PA21 RXD1 PCK1 PA22 TXD1 NPCS3 PA23 SCK1 PWM0 PA24 RTS1 PWM1 PA25 CTS1 PWM2 PA26 DCD1 TIOA2 PA27 DTR1 TIOB2 PA28 DSR1 TCLK1 PA29 RI1 TCLK2 PA30 IRQ1 NPCS2 PA31 NPCS1 PCK2 Function Comments 25 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 Peripheral Identifiers The AT91SAM7S128 embeds a wide range of peripherals. Table 4 defines the Peripheral Identifiers of the AT91SAM7S128. A peripheral identifier is required for the control of the peripheral interrupt with the Advanced Interrupt Controller and for the control of the peripheral clock with the Power Management Controller. Table 4. Peripheral Identifiers Peripheral Peripheral Peripheral External ID Mnemonic Name Interrupt 0 AIC Advanced Interrupt Controller FIQ 1 SYSIRQ(1) System Interrupt 2 PIOA Parallel I/O Controller A 3 Reserved 4 ADC(1) Analog-to Digital Converter 5 SPI Serial Peripheral Interface 6 US0 USART 0 7 US1 USART 1 8 SSC Synchronous Serial Controller 9 TWI Two-wire Interface 10 PWMC PWM Controller 11 UDP USB Device Port 12 TC0 Timer/Counter 0 13 TC1 Timer/Counter 1 14 TC2 Timer/Counter 2 15 - 29 Reserved 30 AIC Advanced Interrupt Controller IRQ0 31 AIC Advanced Interrupt Controller IRQ1 Note: Serial Peripheral Interface • • 26 1. Setting SYSIRQ and ADC bits in the clock set/clear registers of the PMC has no effect. The System Controller is continuously clocked. The ADC clock is automatically started for the first conversion. In Sleep Mode the ADC clock is automatically stopped aftere ach conversion. Supports communication with external serial devices – Four chip selects with external decoder allow communication with up to 15 peripherals – Serial memories, such as DataFlash® and 3-wire EEPROMs – Serial peripherals, such as ADCs, DACs, LCD Controllers, CAN Controllers and Sensors – External co-processors Master or slave serial peripheral bus interface – 8- to 16-bit programmable data length per chip select – Programmable phase and polarity per chip select – Programmable transfer delays between consecutive transfers and between clock and data per chip select – Programmable delay between consecutive transfers AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary Two-wire Interface USART – Selectable mode fault detection – Maximum frequency at up to Master Clock • Master Mode only • Compatibility with standard two-wire serial memories • One, two or three bytes for slave address • Sequential read/write operations • Programmable Baud Rate Generator • 5- to 9-bit full-duplex synchronous or asynchronous serial communications • • – 1, 1.5 or 2 stop bits in Asynchronous Mode – 1 or 2 stop bits in Synchronous Mode – Parity generation and error detection – Framing error detection, overrun error detection – MSB or LSB first – Optional break generation and detection – By 8 or by 16 over-sampling receiver frequency – Hardware handshaking RTS - CTS – Modem Signals Management DTR-DSR-DCD-RI on USART1 – Receiver time-out and transmitter timeguard – Multi-drop Mode with address generation and detection RS485 with driver control signal ISO7816, T = 0 or T = 1 Protocols for interfacing with smart cards – • IrDA modulation and demodulation – • Timer Counter Communication at up to 115.2 Kbps Test Modes – Serial Synchronous Controller NACK handling, error counter with repetition and iteration limit Remote Loopback, Local Loopback, Automatic Echo • Provides serial synchronous communication links used in audio and telecom applications • Contains an independent receiver and transmitter and a common clock divider • Offers a configurable frame sync and data length • Receiver and transmitter can be programmed to start automatically or on detection of different event on the frame sync signal • Receiver and transmitter include a data signal, a clock signal and a frame synchronization signal • Three 16-bit Timer Counter Channels – • Three output compare or two input capture Wide range of functions including: – Frequency measurement – Event counting – Interval measurement 27 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 • – Pulse generation – Delay timing – Pulse Width Modulation – Up/down capabilities Each channel is user-configurable and contains: – Three external clock inputs – Five internal clock inputs, as defined in Table 5 Table 5. Timer Counter Clocks Assignment PWM Controller • • • USB Device Port Analog-to-digital Converter 28 TC Clock Input Clock TIMER_CLOCK1 MCK/2 TIMER_CLOCK2 MCK/8 TIMER_CLOCK3 MCK/32 TIMER_CLOCK4 MCK/128 TIMER_CLOCK5 MCK/1024 – Two multi-purpose input/output signals – Two global registers that act on all three TC channels Four channels, one 16-bit counter per channel Common clock generator, providing thirteen different clocks – One Modulo n counter providing eleven clocks – Two independent linear dividers working on modulo n counter outputs Independent channel programming – Independent enable/disable commands – Independent clock selection – Independent period and duty cycle, with double bufferization – Programmable selection of the output waveform polarity – Programmable center or left aligned output waveform • USB V2.0 full-speed compliant,12 Mbits per second. • Embedded USB V2.0 full-speed transceiver • Embedded 328-byte dual-port RAM for endpoints • Four endpoints – Endpoint 0: 8 bytes – Endpoint 1 and 2: 64 bytes ping-pong – Endpoint 3: 64 bytes – Ping-pong Mode (two memory banks) for bulk endpoints • Suspend/resume logic • 8-channel ADC • 10-bit 100 Ksamples/sec. Successive Approximation Register ADC • -2/+2 LSB Integral Non Linearity, -1/+2 LSB Differential Non Linearity • Integrated 8-to-1 multiplexer, offering eight independent 3.3V analog inputs AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary • External voltage reference for better accuracy on low voltage inputs • Individual enable and disable of each channel • Multiple trigger source • – Hardware or software trigger – External trigger pin – Timer Counter 0 to 2 outputs TIOA0 to TIOA2 trigger Sleep Mode and conversion sequencer – • Automatic wakeup on trigger and back to sleep mode after conversions of all enabled channels Four of eight analog inputs shared with digital signals 29 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 Ordering Information Table 6. Ordering Information 30 Ordering Code Package AT91SAM7S128-AI LQFP 64 Temperature Operating Range Industrial (-40°C to 85°C) AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 AT91SAM7S128 Summary Preliminary Document Details Title AT91SAM7S128 Literature Number 6116S Revision History Version A Publication Date: 20-Oct-04 31 6116AS–ATARM–20-Oct-04 Atmel Corporation 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131, USA Tel: 1(408) 441-0311 Fax: 1(408) 487-2600 Regional Headquarters Europe Atmel Sarl Route des Arsenaux 41 Case Postale 80 CH-1705 Fribourg Switzerland Tel: (41) 26-426-5555 Fax: (41) 26-426-5500 Asia Room 1219 Chinachem Golden Plaza 77 Mody Road Tsimshatsui East Kowloon Hong Kong Tel: (852) 2721-9778 Fax: (852) 2722-1369 Japan 9F, Tonetsu Shinkawa Bldg. 1-24-8 Shinkawa Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0033 Japan Tel: (81) 3-3523-3551 Fax: (81) 3-3523-7581 Atmel Operations Memory 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131, USA Tel: 1(408) 441-0311 Fax: 1(408) 436-4314 RF/Automotive Theresienstrasse 2 Postfach 3535 74025 Heilbronn, Germany Tel: (49) 71-31-67-0 Fax: (49) 71-31-67-2340 Microcontrollers 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131, USA Tel: 1(408) 441-0311 Fax: 1(408) 436-4314 La Chantrerie BP 70602 44306 Nantes Cedex 3, France Tel: (33) 2-40-18-18-18 Fax: (33) 2-40-18-19-60 ASIC/ASSP/Smart Cards 1150 East Cheyenne Mtn. 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