19-2687; Rev 0; 11/02 ±80V Fault-Protected/Tolerant CAN Transceivers for In-Car Applications The MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 are designed to provide optimal operation for a specified data rate. The MAX3054 is ideal for high data rates of 250kbps. The MAX3055 is used for data rates of 125kbps and the MAX3056 is designed for 40kbps applications. For the 40kbps and 125kbps versions, a built-in slope-control feature allows the use of unshielded cables, and receiver input filters guarantee high noise immunity. Applications Features ♦ Pin and Functionally Compatible with TJA1054 ♦ ±80V Fault Protection Suitable for 42V Battery Systems ♦ Low RFI/Excellent EMC Immunity ♦ Full Wake-Up Capability During Failure Modes ♦ Bus-Failure Management ♦ Support Single-Wire Transmission Mode with Ground Offset Voltages Up to 1.5V ♦ Thermally Protected ♦ Do Not Disturb the Bus Line when Unpowered ♦ Low-Current Sleep and Standby Mode with WakeUp Through Bus Lines ♦ Up to 250kbps Data Rate (MAX3054) Ordering Information PART TEMP RANGE DATA RATE PINPACKAGE -40°C to +125°C 250kbps 14 SO MAX3055ASD -40°C to +125°C Slew control 125kbps 14 SO MAX3056ASD -40°C to +125°C Slew control 40kbps 14 SO MAX3054ASD Automotive Pin Configuration Typical Operating Circuit VBATT +12V BATTERY CAN CONTROLLER +5V 2 3 TXD RXD 7 WAKE RTH 8 5 STB 6 EN 4 1 ERR INH 10 VCC MAX305_ CANH CANL 11 12 GND BATT RTL 9 13 TOP VIEW INH 1 14 BATT TXD 2 13 GND RXD 3 12 CANL ERR 4 100nF STB 5 MAX3054 MAX3055 MAX3056 11 CANH 10 VCC EN 6 9 RTL WAKE 7 8 RTH 14 FAULT TO ±80V SO CAN BUS ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com. 1 MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 General Description The MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 are interfaces between the protocol controller and the physical wires of the bus lines in a controller area network (CAN). The devices provide differential transmit capability and switch to single-wire mode if certain fault conditions occur. The MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 guarantee full wake-up capability during failure modes. The extended fault-protected voltage range of CANH and CANL bus lines of ±80V allows for use in 42V automotive applications. Current-limiting and thermalprotection circuits protect the transmitter output stage against overcurrent faults to prevent destruction of the transmitter output stage. The CANH and CANL lines are also protected against electrical transients that may occur in an automotive environment. The transceiver provides three low-power modes that can be entered and exited through pins STB and EN. An output INH pin can be used for deactivation of an external voltage regulator. MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 ±80V Fault-Protected/Tolerant CAN Transceivers for In-Car Applications ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS INH Current.......................................................................-0.5mA Transient Voltage (ISO 7637)................................-200V, +200V* Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C) 14-Pin SO (derate 8.3mW/°C above +70°C)................667mW Operating Temperature Range .........................-40°C to +125°C Junction Temperature ......................................................+150°C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C (All voltages are referenced to GND) Supply Voltage (VCC) ...............................................-0.3V to +6V Battery Voltage (VBATT)..........................................-0.3V to +80V TXD, RXD, ERR, STB, EN ...........................-0.3V to (VCC + 0.3V) CANH, CANL ..........................................................-80V to +80V RTH, RTL ................................................................-0.3V to +80V RTH, RTL Current ...........................................................±180mA WAKE .....................................................................-0.3V to +80V INH ..........................................................-0.3V to (VBATT + 0.3V) *Pending completion of testing. Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 5V ±5%, VBATT = +5V to +42V, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VCC = 5V, VBATT = 14V, R1 = 100Ω (Figure 2), TA = +25°C.) (Notes 1, 2) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS Dominant normal operating mode, no load, TXD = 0 16 30 Recessive normal operating mode, TXD = VCC 4 10 Low-power modes: VTXD = VCC, VBATT = 14V 3 10 µA 54 125 µA 3.5 V 0.8 V VOLTAGE SUPPLIES Supply Current Battery Current Battery Power on Flag Threshold ICC IBATT VPWRON mA Low-power modes at VTRL = VBATT, VBATT = V WAKE = VINH = 5V to 27V Low-power modes 5 1.0 STB, EN, AND TXD High-Level Input Voltage VIH Low-Level Input Voltage VIL High-Level Input Current IIH VIN = 4V Low-Level Input Current IIL VIN = 1V Supply Voltage—Forced Standby Mode (Fail-Safe) 2.4 VFS VBATT = 14V High-Level Output Voltage VOH IOUT = -1mA Low-Level Output Voltage VOL IOUT = 7.5mA STB and EN TXD STB and EN TXD -200 V 9 20 -80 -25 4 8 -800 -320 2.75 -100 4.50 µA µA V RXD AND ERR VCC - 0.5 0 VCC V 0.9 V WAKE Wake-Up Threshold Voltage Low-Level Input Current 2 VTH(WAKE) IIL(WAKE) VSTB = 0V 2.0 2.7 3.4 V V WAKE = 0V -10 -4 -1 µA _______________________________________________________________________________________ ±80V Fault-Protected/Tolerant CAN Transceivers for In-Car Applications (VCC = 5V ±5%, VBATT = +5V to +42V, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VCC = 5V, VBATT = 14V, R1 = 100Ω (Figure 2), TA = +25°C.) (Notes 1, 2) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS INH High-Level Voltage Drop Leakage Current ∆VH ILEAK(INH) INH = -0.18mA, standby mode Sleep mode, VINH = 0V 0.8 V 5 µA CANH, CANL VCC = 5V, no failures and bus failures 1, 2, 5, 9 Differential Receiver Threshold VDIFF -3.5 -0.70 ✕ VCC -0.58 ✕ VCC HYST No failures and bus failures 1, 2, 5, 9 CANH Recessive Output Voltage VOCH TXD = VCC, RTH < 4kΩ CANL Recessive Output Voltage VOCL TXD = VCC, RTH < 4kΩ VCC - 0.2 CANH Dominant Output Voltage VOCHDOM TXD = 0V, R1 = 100Ω VCC - 1.4 CANL Dominant Output Voltage VOCLDOM TXD = 0V, R1 = 100Ω IO(CANH) 18 IO(CANL) Voltage Detection Threshold for Short Circuit to Battery on CANH VDET(CANH) Voltage Detection Threshold for Short Circuit to GND on CANL Voltage Detection Threshold for Short Circuit to Battery on CANL mV 200 V 1.4 VCANH = 0V, TXD = 0V -150 Low-power modes, VCANH = 0V, VCC = 5V -10 -86 V mA µA 75 Low-power modes, VCANL = 42V, VBATT = 42V, RTL = open VCC = 4.75V to 5.25V mV V VCANL = 14V, TXD = 0V CANL Output Current -2.9 V VCC = 4.75V to 5.25V, no failures and bus failures 1, 2, 5, 9 Differential Receiver Hysteresis CANH Output Current -3.2 0.30 ✕ VCC 130 mA 20 µA 0.37 ✕ VCC V Low-power modes 1.1 2.5 VDTG(CANL) Low-power modes 2.5 3.9 V VDET(CANL) Normal mode, VCC = 5V 6.4 7.3 8.2 V CANL Wake-Up Threshold VTHL(WAKE) Low-power modes 2.5 3.2 3.9 V CANH Wake-Up Threshold VTHH(WAKE) Low-power modes 1.1 1.8 2.5 V 1.50 1.70 CANH Single-Ended Receiver Threshold (Failures 4, 6, 7) VSE(CANH) CANH Single-Ended Receiver Hysteresis HYST VCC = 5V VCC = 4.75V to 5.25V 0.30 ✕ VCC 1.85 0.37 ✕ VCC 10 V mV _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 ±80V Fault-Protected/Tolerant CAN Transceivers for In-Car Applications DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (VCC = 5V ±5%, VBATT = +5V to +42V, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VCC = 5V, VBATT = 14V, R1 = 100Ω (Figure 2), TA = +25°C.) (Notes 1, 2) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS VCC = 5V MIN TYP MAX 3.15 3.30 3.45 UNITS CANL Single-Ended Receiver Threshold VSE(CANL) CANL Single-Ended Receiver Hysteresis HYST Failures 3, 8 10 RTL to VCC Switch On-Resistance RSW(RTL) IO = -10mA 36 100 Ω RTH to VCC Switch On-Resistance RSW(RTH) IO = 10mA 23 100 Ω VCC = 4.75V to 5.25V 0.63 ✕ VCC 0.69 ✕ VCC V mV RTL AND RTH Output Current on Pin RTL -1.25 -0.65 -0.30 mA RTL Pullup Current |IPU(RTL)| IO(RTL) Low-power modes, VRTL = 0 Normal and failures 4, 6, 7, RTL = 0V 20 107 200 µA RTH Pulldown |IPU(RTH)| Normal and failures 3, 8, RTL = VCC 20 106 200 µA THERMAL SHUTDOWN Shutdown Junction Temperature Thermal Protection Hysteresis TJ TJF6 For shutdown 165 During failure 6—switch off CANL only 140 THYS °C 15 °C AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 5V ±5%, VBATT = +5V to +42V, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VCC = 5V, VBATT = 14V, R1 = 100Ω (Figure 2), TA = +25°C.) (Notes 1, 2) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS TRANSITION TIME CL = 330pF, MAX3054 (250kbps) CANL and CANH Bus Output Transition Time Recessive to Dominant (10% to 90%) t(r-d) CANL and CANH Bus Output Transition Time Dominant to Recessive (10% to 90%) t(d-r) 38 CL = 220pF to 3.3nF, MAX3055 (125kbps) 100 700 CL = 560pF to 10nF, MAX3056 (40kbps) 0.7 3.3 CL = 330pF, MAX3054 (250kbps) 130 CL = 220pF to 1nF, MAX3055 (125kbps) 200 1200 CL = 560pF to 3.3nF, MAX3056 (40kbps) 0.5 2.8 ns µs ns µs PROPAGATION DELAY TXD TO RXD LOW—DOMINANT TRANSMISSION (Figures 1, 2) No failures, CL = 330pF, MAX3054 (250kbps) 600 Bus failures 1, 2, 5, 9, CL = 330pF, MAX3054 (250kbps) 750 No failures and bus failures 1, 2, 5, 9, CL = 1nF, MAX3055 (125kbps) 1.5 No failures and bus failures 1, 2, 5, 9, CL = 3.3nF, MAX3056 (40kbps) 4.7 ns Differential Reception 4 tPDLD _______________________________________________________________________________________ µs ±80V Fault-Protected/Tolerant CAN Transceivers for In-Car Applications (VCC = 5V ±5%, VBATT = +5V to +42V, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VCC = 5V, VBATT = 14V, R1 = 100Ω (Figure 2), TA = +25°C.) (Notes 1, 2) PARAMETER Single-Ended Reception SYMBOL tPDLSE CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS Bus failures 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, CL = 330pF, MAX3054 (250kbps) 750 ns Bus failures 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, CL = 1nF, MAX3055 (125kbps) 1. 5 Bus failures 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, CL = 3.3nF, MAX3056 (40kbps) 4.7 µs PROPAGATION DELAY TXD TO RXD HIGH—RECESSIVE TRANSMISSION (Figures 1, 2) Differential Reception Single-Ended Reception tPDHD tPDHSE No failures and bus failures 1, 2, 5, 9, CL = 330pF, MAX3054 (250kbps) 950 No failures and bus failures 1, 2, 5, 9, CL = 1nF, MAX3055 (125kbps) 1.9 No failures and bus failures 1, 2, 5, 9, CL = 3.3nF, MAX3056 (40kbps) 5.95 Bus failures 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, CL = 330pF, MAX3054 (250kbps) 950 Bus failures 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, CL = 1nF, MAX3055 (125kbps) 1.9 Bus failures 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, CL = 3.3nF, MAX3056 (40kbps) 5.95 ns µs ns µs WAKE-UP TIMING Minimum Time for Wake-Up on CANL and CANH or WAKE 8 t WAKE 38 µs FAILURES TIMING Normal and low-power mode Failures 3 and 8 Detection Time Failures 4 and 7 Detection Time Failure 6 Detection Time tDET Normal and low-power mode Normal mode MAX3054 (250kbps), MAX3055 (125kbps) 1.9 5.7 9.5 MAX3056 (40kbps) 5.5 16.5 27.0 MAX3054 (250kbps), MAX3055 (125kbps) 0.3 1 1.9 MAX3056 (40kbps) 1.0 3.2 5.5 MAX3054 (250kbps), MAX3055 (125kbps) 0.35 1.1 1.85 MAX3056 (40kbps) 0.93 2.97 5.00 ms _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 ±80V Fault-Protected/Tolerant CAN Transceivers for In-Car Applications AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (VCC = 5V ±5%, VBATT = +5V to +42V, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VCC = 5V, VBATT = 14V, R1 = 100Ω (Figure 2), TA = +25°C.) (Notes 1, 2) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS Normal and low-power mode Failures 3 and 8 Recovery Time Normal mode Failures 4 and 7 Recovery Time tREC Low-power mode Failure 6 Recovery Time Minimum Hold Time of Go-to-Sleep Command Disable Time of TXD Permanent Dominant Timer Normal mode MIN TYP MAX MAX3054 (250kbps), MAX3055 (125kbps) 0.36 1.14 1.90 MAX3056 (40kbps) 1.0 3.2 5.5 MAX3054 (250kbps) 1.7 5.6 9.5 MAX3055 (125kbps) 7 23 38 MAX3056 (40kbps) 22 70 119 MAX3054 (250kbps), MAX3055 (125kbps) 0.35 1.1 1.85 MAX3056 (40kbps) 1.0 3.2 5.5 MAX3054 (250kbps), MAX3055 (125kbps) 150 525 900 MAX3056 (40kbps) 390 1445 2500 5 50 MAX3054 (250kbps), MAX3055 (125kbps) 0.9 4.5 MAX3056 (40kbps) 2.34 12.50 tHMIN tDIS(TXD) VTXD = 0 Pulse Count Difference for Failures 1, 2, 5, 9 Detection (ERR Becomes Low) UNITS ms µs ms µs µs ms 4 Count Pulse Count Difference for Failures 1, 2, 5, 9 Recovery (ERR Becomes High) 3 4 5 Note 1: All currents into the device are positive; all currents out of the device are negative. All voltages are referenced to device ground, unless otherwise noted. Note 2: Failure modes 1 through 9 are explained in Table 1 and in the Detailed Description section. 6 _______________________________________________________________________________________ ±80V Fault-Protected/Tolerant CAN Transceivers for In-Car Applications +5V VCC VTXD 10 GND 7 5V 3.6V 1.4V 0 VCANL VCANH 6 VCC 2 5 EN STB RTH WAKE CANL TXD 8 R1 CL R1 CL 12 2.2V MAX305_ 1 -3.2V -5V VDIFF CANH INH VBATT 14 VRXD VCC/2 RTL BATT 9 CBYPASS ERR GND 4 tPDL 11 RXD 13 3 tPDH VDIFF = CANH - CANL CX = 15pF PROBE CAP INCLUDED Figure 1. Timing Diagram for Dynamic Characteristics Figure 2. Test Circuit for Dynamic Characteristics +5V +5V 10 VCC 7 6 5 EN 10 STB RTH WAKE 8 125Ω VCC CL 7 6 5 EN STB RTH WAKE 511Ω 8 125Ω 1nF 511Ω 1nF 2 CANL TXD 12 2 11 1 MAX305_ 1 511Ω +12V 14 RTL BATT CBYPASS ERR 4 GND 13 12 GENERATOR MAX305_ CANH INH CANL TXD RXD 3 11 511Ω +12V 9 14 125Ω 1nF CANH INH CL CX = 15pF PROBE CAP INCLUDED Figure 3. Test Circuit for Typical Operating Characteristics RTL BATT CBYPASS ERR 4 GND 13 RXD 3 9 125Ω 1nF CX = 15pF PROBE CAP INCLUDED Figure 4. Test Circuit for Automotive Transients _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 Timing Diagram/Test Circuits Typical Operating Characteristics (VCC = 5V, VBATT = +12V, RTL = RTH = 511Ω, R1 = 125Ω, and TA = +25°C; see Figure 3.) MAX3054 SUPPLY CURRENT vs. DATA RATE 10 5 36 TA = -40°C 34 -7 26 59 92 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0 25 50 75 100 DATA RATE (kbps) DATA RATE (kbps) MAX3056 SUPPLY CURRENT vs. DATA RATE MAX3054 RECEIVER PROPAGATION DELAY vs. TEMPERATURE MAX3055 RECEIVER PROPAGATION DELAY vs. TEMPERATURE 34 33 400 RECESSIVE 350 300 DOMINANT 250 600 20 40 30 500 RECESSIVE DOMINANT 300 200 200 10 CL = 1nF 400 -50 -15 20 55 90 -50 125 -15 20 55 90 DATA RATE (kbps) TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C) MAX3056 RECEIVER PROPAGATION DELAY vs. TEMPERATURE MAX3054 DRIVER PROPAGATION DELAY vs. TEMPERATURE MAX3055 DRIVER PROPAGATION DELAY vs. TEMPERATURE 1.5 1.0 RECESSIVE 0.5 0 CL = 330pF 175 DOMINANT 150 RECESSIVE 125 20 55 TEMPERATURE (°C) 90 125 CL = 1nF DOMINANT 600 500 RECESSIVE 400 300 100 -15 700 125 MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 toc09 DOMINANT 200 DRIVER PROPAGATION DELAY (µs) CL = 3.3nF RECEIVER PROPAGATION DELAY (ns) MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 toc07 2.0 125 MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 toc06 CL = 330pF RECEIVER PROPAGATION DELAY (ns) TA = -40°C MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 toc05 35 450 RECEIVER PROPAGATION DELAY (ns) 36 TA = +25°C MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 toc04 37 TA = +125°C -50 TA = -40°C 34 TEMPERATURE (°C) 38 0 TA = +25°C 35 32 0 125 TA = +125°C 33 32 -40 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 35 36 33 MAX3056 0 8 TA = +25°C 37 MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 toc03 TA = +125°C MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 toc08 SLEW RATE (V/µs) 15 MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 toc02 MAX3055 37 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 toc01 20 MAX3055 SUPPLY CURRENT vs. DATA RATE SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) SLEW RATE vs. TEMPERATURE RECESSIVE TO DOMINANT RECEIVER PROPAGATION DELAY (µs) MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 ±80V Fault-Protected/Tolerant CAN Transceivers for In-Car Applications -50 -15 20 55 TEMPERATURE (°C) 90 125 -50 -15 20 55 TEMPERATURE (°C) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 90 125 ±80V Fault-Protected/Tolerant CAN Transceivers for In-Car Applications RECEIVER OUTPUT LOW vs. OUTPUT CURRENT 2.5 2.5 TA = +125°C DOMINANT 2.0 1.5 TA = +25°C 1.0 3.0 2.4 VOLTAGE RXD (V) RECESSIVE 3.0 MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 toc11 3.0 2.0 TA = +125°C 1.8 TA = +25°C 1.2 0.6 0.5 TA = -40°C 1.5 TA = -40°C 0 -15 20 55 90 0 125 0 TEMPERATURE (°C) 5 10 DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE vs. LOAD RESISTANCE 20 25 30 0 3 TA = +125°C TA = +25°C 6 9 12 15 18 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) MAX3054 RECEIVER PROPAGATION DELAY 5 4 15 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 toc13 -50 DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE (V) DRIVER PROPAGATION DELAY (µs) CL = 3.3nF VOLTAGE RXD (V) MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 toc10 3.5 RECEIVER OUTPUT HIGH vs. OUTPUT CURRENT MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 toc12 MAX3056 DRIVER PROPAGATION DELAY vs. TEMPERATURE 3 MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 toc14 DIFFERENTIAL INPUT 5V/div TA = -40°C 2 RXD 5V/div 1 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 200ns/div LOAD RESISTANCE (Ω) MAX3056 RECEIVER PROPAGATION DELAY MAX3055 RECEIVER PROPAGATION DELAY MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 toc16 MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 toc15 400ns/div DIFFERENTIAL INPUT 5V/div DIFFERENTIAL INPUT 5V/div RXD 5V/div RXD 5V/div 1µs/div _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VCC = 5V, VBATT = +12V, RTL = RTH = 511Ω, R1 = 125Ω, and TA = +25°C; see Figure 3.) MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 ±80V Fault-Protected/Tolerant CAN Transceivers for In-Car Applications Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VCC = 5V, VBATT = +12V, RTL = RTH = 511Ω, R1 = 125Ω, and TA = +25°C; see Figure 3.) DRIVER PROPAGATION DELAY RECESSIVE TO DOMINANT TXD-TO-RXD PROPAGATION DELAY DOMINANT TO RECESSIVE DRIVER PROPAGATION DELAY DOMINANT TO RECESSIVE MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 toc17 MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 toc19 MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 toc18 TXD TXD 5V/div TXD 5V/div MAX3056 MAX3054 MAX3055 MAX3055 MAX3054 MAX3056 MAX3056 MAX3055 MAX3054 1µs/div 1µs/div 1µs/div TXD-TO-RXD PROPAGATION DELAY RECESSIVE TO DOMINANT MAX3056 CAN BUS AT 40kbps MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 toc20 MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 toc21 TXD CANH - CANL 5V/div MAX3054 MAX3055 FFT 1V/div MAX3056 1µs/div 4µs/div MAX3055 CAN BUS AT 125kbps MAX3054 CAN BUS AT 250kbps MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 toc22 2µs/div 10 MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 toc23 CANH - CANL 5V/div CANH - CANL 10V/div FFT 1V/div FFT 1V/div 400ns/div ______________________________________________________________________________________ ±80V Fault-Protected/Tolerant CAN Transceivers for In-Car Applications PIN NAME 1 INH Inhibit Output. Inhibit output is for switching an external voltage regulator if a wake-up signal occurs. FUNCTION 2 TXD Transmit Data Input 3 RXD Receive Data Output 4 ERR Error. Wake-up and power-on indication output; active low in normal operating mode when the bus has a failure and in low-power modes (wake-up signal or power-on standby). 5 STB Standby. The digital control signal input (active low) defines, together with input signal on pin EN, the state of the transceiver (in normal and low-power modes). 6 EN Enable. The digital control signal input defines, together with input signal on pin STB, the state of the transceiver (in normal and low-power modes). 7 WAKE 8 RTH Termination Resistor. Termination resistor connection for CANH bus. 9 RTL Termination Resistor. Termination resistor connection for CANL bus. 10 VCC Supply Voltage. Bypass to ground with a 0.1µF capacitor. 11 CANH 12 CANL Low-Level Voltage Bus Line 13 GND Ground 14 BATT Battery Supply. Bypass to ground with a 0.1µF capacitor. Wake-Up. Local wake-up signal input; falling and rising edges are both detected. High-Level Voltage Bus Line Detailed Description The MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 interface between the protocol controller and the physical wires of the bus lines in a CAN. The devices provide differential transmit capability and switch to single-wire mode if certain fault conditions occur (see the Failure Management section). The MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 guarantee full wakeup capability during failure modes. The extended fault-protection range of CANH and CANL bus lines (±80V) allows for use in 42V automotive applications. A current-limiting circuit protects the transmitter output stage against overcurrent faults. This feature prevents destruction of the transmitter output stage. If the junction temperature exceeds a value of approximately +165°C, the transmitter output stages are disabled. The CANH and CANL lines are also protected against electrical transients, which can occur in an automotive environment. The transceiver provides three low-power modes that can be entered and exited through pins STB and EN. An output INH pin can be used for deactivation of an external voltage regulator. The MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 are designed to provide optimal operation for a specified data rate. The MAX3054 is ideal for high data rates of 250kbps. The MAX3055 is used for data rates of 125kbps, and the MAX3056 is designed for 40kbps applications. For the 40kbps and 125kbps versions, the built-in slope-control feature allows the use of unshielded cables and receiver input filters guarantee high noise immunity. Normal Operation Mode Transmitter The transmitter converts a single-ended input (TXD) from the CAN controller to differential outputs for the bus lines (CANH, CANL). Receiver The receiver takes differential input from the bus lines (CANH, CANL) and converts this data as a singleended output (RXD) to the CAN controller. It consists of a comparator that senses the difference ∆V = (CANH CANL) with respect to an internal threshold. BATT The main function of BATT is to supply power to the device when vehicle battery voltage is supplied. BATT can handle up to +80V making it ideal for 42V automotive systems allowing power-up of the device when the ignition is turned on. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 Pin Description BATT 10 VCC 9 RTL INH 1 THERMAL SHUTDOWN WAKE-UP STANDBY CONTROLLER WAKE 7 STB 5 EN 6 11 CANH 12 CANL 8 RTH TXD 2 DRIVER IPD ERR 4 FAULT DETECTION FILTER 4ms FILTER MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 ±80V Fault-Protected/Tolerant CAN Transceivers for In-Car Applications GND RXD 3 RECEIVER MAX305_ Figure 5. Block Diagram INH Inhibit is an output that allows for the control of an external voltage regulator. On a wake-up request or power-up on BATT, the transceiver sets the output INH high. This feature enables the external voltage regulator to be shut down during sleep mode to reduce power consumption. INH is floating while entering the sleep mode and stays floating during the sleep mode. If INH is left floating, it is not set to a high level again until the following events occur: • Power-on (VBATT switching on at cold start) • Rising or falling edge on WAKE • Dominant signal longer than 38µs during EN or STB at low level The signals on STB and EN are internally set to a low level when VCC is below a certain threshold voltage providing fail-safe functionality. After power-on (VBATT switched on) the signal on INH becomes HIGH and an internal power-on flag is set. This flag can be read in the power-on standby mode through ERR (STB = 1, EN = 0) and is reset by entering the normal operating mode. 12 ERR ERR is a wake-up and power-on indicator, as well as an error detector. Upon power-up, wake-up, or when a bus failure is detected, the output signal on ERR becomes LOW. Upon error recovery, the output signal on ERR is set HIGH. STB STB is the standby digital control signal into the logic controller. This is an active-low input that is used with EN to define the status of the transceiver in normal and low-power modes. EN EN is the enable digital control signal into the logic controller used in conjunction with STB to define the status of the transceiver in normal and low-power modes. WAKE WAKE is an input to the logic controller within the device to signal a wake-up condition. If WAKE receives a positive or negative pulse for a period longer than tWAKE, wake-up occurs. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ±80V Fault-Protected/Tolerant CAN Transceivers for In-Car Applications Failure Management Thermal Shutdown If the junction temperature exceeds +165°C, the driver is switched off. Thermal hysteresis is 15°C, disabling thermal shutdown once the temperature reaches +150°C. The failure detector is fully active in normal operating mode. After the detection of a single failure, the detector switches to the appropriate state (see Table 1). Overcurrent Protection A current-limiting circuit protects the transmitter output stage against a short circuit to a positive and negative battery voltage. Although the power dissipation increases during this fault condition, this feature prevents destruction of the transmitter output stage. The differential receiver threshold voltage is set to -3.2V typically (VCC = 5V). This ensures correct reception with a noise margin as high as possible in the normal operating mode and in the event of failures 1, 2, 5, and 9. If any of the wiring failures occur, the output signal on pin ERR becomes LOW after detection. On error recovery, the output signal on pin ERR becomes HIGH. Table 1. Failure States FAILURE DESCRIPTION MODE 1 CANH wire interrupted Normal 2 CANL wire interrupted Normal 3 CANH short circuited to battery 4 CANL short circuited to ground All 5 CANH short circuited to ground Normal 6 CANL short circuited to battery Normal 7 CANL mutually short circuited to CANH 8 CANH short circuited to VCC All 9 CANL short circuited to VCC Normal All All Failure 1—CANH Wire Interrupted (Normal Mode Only) MODE DESCRIPTION Detection The external termination resistance connected to the RTH pin provides an instantaneous pulldown of the open CANH line to GND. Detection is provided, sensing the pulse-count difference between CANH and CANL (pulse count = 4). Receiver The receiver remains in differential mode. No received data lost. Driver Driver remains in differential mode. No transmission data lost. Recovery Recovery is provided sensing the pulse-count difference between CANH and CANL after the detection of four consecutive pulses. Failure 2—CANL Wire Interrupted (Normal Mode Only) MODE Detection DESCRIPTION The external termination resistance connected to the RTL pin provides an instantaneous pullup of the CANL line to VCC. Detection is provided, sensing the pulse-count difference between CANL and CANH (pulse count = 4). Receiver The receiver remains in differential mode. No received data lost. Driver Driver remains in differential mode. No transmission data lost. Recovery Recovery is provided, sensing the pulse-count difference between CANL and CANH after the detection of four consecutive pulses. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13 MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 Driver Output Protection MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 ±80V Fault-Protected/Tolerant CAN Transceivers for In-Car Applications Table 1. Failure States (continued) Failure 3—CANH Short Circuited to Battery MODE DESCRIPTION Detection Sensing a permanent dominant condition on CANH for a timeout period. Receiver Receiver switches to single ended on CANL. Driver CANH and RTH are both switched off (high impedance) and transmission continues on CANL after timeout. Recovery When the short is removed, the recessive bus voltage is restored. If the differential voltage remains below the recessive threshold level for the timeout period, reception and transmission switch back to the differential mode. Failure 4—CANL Short Circuited to GND MODE DESCRIPTION Detection Sensing a permanent dominant condition for a timeout period. Receiver Receiver switches to single ended on CANH. Driver CANL and RTL are both switched off (high impedance) and transmission continues on CANH after timeout. Recovery When the short is removed, the recessive bus voltage is restored. If the differential voltage remains below the recessive threshold level for the timeout period, reception and transmission switch back to the differential mode. Failure 5—CANH Short Circuited to Ground or Below Ground (Normal Mode Only) MODE DESCRIPTION Detection Detection is provided, sensing the pulse-count difference between CANH and CANL (pulse count = 4). Receiver Receiver remains in differential mode. No received data lost. Driver RTH remains on and CANH remains enabled. Recovery Recovery is provided, sensing the edge-count difference between CANH and CANL after the detection of four consecutive pulses. Failure 6—CANL Short Circuited to Battery (Normal Mode Only) MODE DESCRIPTION Detection Detected by a comparator for CANL > 7.3V after a timeout period. Receiver Receiver switches to single ended on CANH after timeout. Driver RTL is switched off after timeout. CANH remains active. Recovery Sensing CANL < 7.3V after the timeout period. Failure 7—CANL Mutually Short Circuited to CANH MODE DESCRIPTION Detection Sensing a permanent dominant condition on the differential comparator (CANH - CANL > -3.2V) for the timeout period. Receiver Receiver switches to CANH single-ended mode after timeout. Driver CANL and RTL are both switched off after timeout. Transmission remains ongoing on CANH. Recovery When the short is removed, the recessive bus voltage is restored (RTL on if CANH - CANL < -3.2V) but CANL still remains disabled and ERR = 0. If the differential voltage remains below the recessive threshold level (CANH CANL < -3.2V) for the timeout period, reception and transmission switch back to the differential mode. 14 ______________________________________________________________________________________ ±80V Fault-Protected/Tolerant CAN Transceivers for In-Car Applications MODE DESCRIPTION Detection Sensing a permanent dominant condition on CANH for a timeout period. Receiver Receiver switches to single ended on CANL. Driver CANH and RTH are both switched off (high impedance) and transmission continues on CANL after timeout. Recovery When the short is removed, the recessive bus voltage is restored. If the differential voltage remains below the recessive threshold level for the timeout period, reception and transmission switch back to the differential mode. Failure 9—CANL Short Circuited to Vcc (Normal Mode Only) MODE DESCRIPTION Detection Detection is provided, sensing the pulse-count difference between CANL and CANH (pulse count = 4). Receiver Receiver remains in differential mode. No received data lost. Driver Driver remains in differential mode. No transmission data lost. Recovery Recovery is provided, sensing the pulse-count difference between CANL and CANH after the detection of four consecutive pulses. Table 2. Summary of the Driver Outputs and Internal Switches State During Fault Conditions DRIVER OUTPUTS STATE FAILURE NO. DESCRIPTION MODE INTERNAL SWITCHES STATE CANH CANL No failure — Normal RTH, RTL on Enabled Enabled No failure — Low power RTH, I_RTL on Disabled Disabled 1 CANH wire interrupted Normal RTH, RTL on Enabled Enabled 2 CANL wire interrupted Normal RTH, RTL on Enabled Enabled 3 CANH short to BATT All RTH off Disabled Enabled 4 CANL short to GND All RTL or I_RTL off Enabled Disabled 5 CANH short to GND Normal RTH, RTL on Enabled Enabled 6 CANL short to BATT Normal RTL off, RTH on Enabled Enabled 7 CANL short to CANH All RTL or I_RTL off Enabled Disabled 8 CANH short to VCC All RTH off Disabled Enabled 9 CANL short to VCC Normal RTH, RTL on Enabled Enabled Note: The RTH-pulldown current switch and the RTL-pullup current switch are closed in normal mode with or without fault conditions, open in sleep mode. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 15 MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 Table 1. Failure States (continued) Failure 8—CANH Short Circuited to Vcc MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 ±80V Fault-Protected/Tolerant CAN Transceivers for In-Car Applications To prevent false wake-up due to transients or RF fields, the wake-up voltage levels have to be maintained for more than 38µs. In the low-power modes, the failure detection circuit remains partly active to prevent increased power consumption in the event of failures 3, 4, 7, and 8. Low-Power Modes The transceiver provides three low-power modes that can be entered or exited through pins STB and EN (Table 3). Sleep Mode The sleep mode is the mode with the lowest power consumption. INH is switched to high impedance for deactivation of the external voltage regulator. CANL is biased to the battery voltage through RTL. If the supply voltage is provided, RXD and ERR signal the wake-up interrupt. Applications Information The MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 are capable of sustaining a network of up to 32 transceivers on a single bus. The fault-tolerant transceivers are designed to operate at a total termination resistance of 100Ω. Both CANH and CANL lines are terminated with 100Ω. Since the total termination resistance of the system is distributed over the entire bus, each of the transceivers contributes only part of the total 100Ω termination. The values of the termination resistors RTL and RTH vary according to the size of the system and need to be calculated. It is not required that each transceiver be terminated with the same value, the total termination need only be a total 100Ω. The minimum termination resistor value allowed for each transceiver is 500Ω, due to the driving capability of RTH and RTL. This makes it impossible to achieve a total termination resistance of 100Ω for systems smaller than five transceivers. Typically this does not create a problem because smaller systems usually have shorter bus cables and have no problem with higher total termination resistance. To reduce EMI in the case of an interrupted bus wire it is recommended not to exceed 6kΩ termination resistance at a single transceiver even though a higher value is specified. Standby Mode The standby mode reacts the same as the sleep mode, but with a HIGH level on INH. Standby mode can be used when the external voltage regulator needs to be kept active during low-power operation. Power-On Standby Mode The power-on standby mode behaves similarly to the standby mode with the battery power-on flag of the wake-up interrupt signal on ERR. This mode is only for reading the power-on flag. INH can be high or low in the power-on standby mode. When the device goes from standby mode to power-on standby mode, INH is HIGH. When the device goes from sleep mode to power-on standby mode, INH is low. Wake-Up Wake-up requests are recognized by the transceiver when a dominant signal is detected on either bus line or if WAKE detects a pulse for more than 38µs. On a wake-up request, INH is set high to activate an external voltage regulator. If VCC is provided, the wake-up request can be read on the ERR or RXD outputs. Table 3. Low-Power Modes MODE STB EN Go-to-Sleep Command 0 1 ERR RXD LOW HIGH LOW HIGH RTL SWITCHED TO Wake-up interrupt signal (Notes 2 and 3) — Wake-up interrupt signal (Notes 2 and 3) — VBATT Sleep 0 0 (Note 1) Standby 0 0 Power-On Standby 1 0 VBATT power-on flag — Wake-up interrupt signal (Notes 2 and 3) — VBATT Normal Operating 1 1 Error flag No error flag Dominant received data Recessive received data VCC Note 1: In case the go-to-sleep command was used before. Note 2: If the supply voltage VCC is present. Note 3: Wake-up interrupts are released when entering the normal operating mode. 16 ______________________________________________________________________________________ ±80V Fault-Protected/Tolerant CAN Transceivers for In-Car Applications The MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 require no special layout considerations beyond common practices. Bypass VCC to GND with a 0.1µF ceramic capacitor mounted close to the IC with short lead lengths and wide trace widths. Chip Information TRANSISTOR COUNT: 1300 PROCESS: BiCMOS ______________________________________________________________________________________ 17 MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 Reduced EMI and Reflections Due to internal slope control for the MAX3055/ MAX3056, the CANH and CANL outputs are slew-rate limited. This minimizes EMI and reduces reflections caused by improperly terminated cables. In general, a transmitter’s rise time relates directly to the length of an unterminated stub, which can be driven with only minor waveform reflections. The following equation expresses this relationship conservatively: Length = tRISE / (15ns/ft) where tRISE is the transmitter’s rise time. Package Information (The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.) 14L SOIC.EPS MAX3054/MAX3055/MAX3056 ±80V Fault-Protected/Tolerant CAN Transceivers for In-Car Applications Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. 18 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 © 2002 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.