PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT3105178 ChargePumpTM Low Cost 1x/2x 4 Channel Charge Pump WLED Driver General Description Features The AAT3105 is a charge-pump based, current-source white LED driver capable of driving one to four LEDs up to 30mA, each. It automatically switches between 1x mode and 2x mode to maintain the highest efficiency and optimal LED current matching. • • • • • • • • • • • The AAT3105 charge pump’s 1x mode (bypass mode) has very low resistance, allowing LED current regulation to be maintained with input supply voltage approaching the LED forward voltage. LED brightness is controlled using a universal PWM interface. The AAT3105 is available in a Pb-free, 2x2mm 10-lead SC70JW-10 package Drives up to 4 LEDs at up to 30mA each Automatic Switching Between 1x and 2x Modes 0.85MHz Switching Frequency Linear LED Output Current Control Universal PWM Interface ±10% LED Output Current Accuracy ±3% LED Output Current Matching Low-current Shutdown Mode Built-in Thermal Protection Automatic Soft-start Available in 2x2mm SC70JW-10 Package Applications • • • • Cell Phones Digital Still Cameras MP3 Players Personal Data Assistants (PDAs) Typical Application IN OUT C OUT 1µF C+ CIN 1µF AAT3105 CP 1µF D1 D2 C- D3 EN/PWM Interface 3105.2008.10.1.0 EN/PWM D4 GND www.analogictech.com 1 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT3105178 ChargePumpTM Low Cost 1x/2x 4 Channel Charge Pump WLED Driver Pin Description Pin # Name 1 D2 2 D1 3 OUT 4 5 6 CC+ GND 7 EN/PWM 8 IN 9 D4 10 D3 Function LED2 Current Source Output. D2 is the output of LED2 current source. Connect LED2’s anode to D2 and its cathode to GND. LED1 Current Source Output. D1 is the output of LED1 current source. Connect LED1’s anode to D1 and its cathode to GND. Charge Pump Output. OUT is the output of the charge pump. Bypass OUT to GND with a 1μF or larger ceramic capacitor. Charge Pump Capacitor Negative Node. Charge Pump Capacitor Positive Node. Connect a 1μF ceramic capacitor between C+ and C-. Analog Ground. Connect this pin to the system’s analog ground plane. LED Enable and control input. EN/PWM is the ON/OFF control for the LED and the PWM input for the AAT3105 to control the LED brightness. Power source input. Connect IN to the power source, typically the battery. Bypass IN to GND with a 1μF or larger ceramic capacitor. LED4 Current Source Output. D4 is the output of LED4 current source. Connect LED4’s anode to D4 and its cathode to GND. LED3 Current Source Output. D3 is the output of LED3 current source. Connect LED3’s anode to D3 and its cathode to GND. Pin Configuration SC70JW-10 (Top View) D2 D1 OUT CC+ 2 1 10 2 9 3 8 4 7 5 6 D3 D4 IN EN/PWM GND www.analogictech.com 3105.2008.10.1.0 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT3105178 ChargePumpTM Low Cost 1x/2x 4 Channel Charge Pump WLED Driver Absolute Maximum Ratings1 Symbol VIN VEN TS TJ TLEAD Description IN, C+, C-, OUT, D1, D2, D3, and D4 Pin Voltages to GND EN/PWM Pin Voltage to GND Storage Temperature Range Operating Junction Temperature Range Maximum Soldering Temperature (at leads, 10 sec) Value Units -0.3 to 6.0 -0.3 to VIN + 0.3 -65 to 150 -40 to 150 300 V V °C °C °C Value Units 625 160 mW °C/W Thermal Information Symbol PD θJA Description Maximum Power Dissipation2,3 Maximum Thermal Resistance 3 1. Stresses above those listed in Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Functional operation at conditions other than the operating conditions specified is not implied. Only one Absolute Maximum Rating should be applied at any one time. 2. Mounted on an FR4 circuit board. 3. Derate 6.25mW/°C above 40°C ambient temperature. 3105.2008.10.1.0 www.analogictech.com 3 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT3105178 ChargePumpTM Low Cost 1x/2x 4 Channel Charge Pump WLED Driver Electrical Characteristics IN = EN = 3.6V, CIN = 1μF, COUT = 1μF, CP = 1μF, TA = -40°C to 85°C unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = 25°C. Symbol Description Conditions Input Power Supply IN Input Voltage Range IIN Input Operating Current Input Shutdown Current IIN(SHDN) Charge Pump Section IOUT OUT Maximum Output Current VOUT Charge Pump Output Voltage Charge Pump Oscillator Frequency fOSC Charge Pump Mode Hysteresis VIN_(TH) LED Output Current Start-up Time tOUT LED Current Source Outputs D1 – D4 Current Accuracy ID_(MAX) D1 – D4 Current Matching ΔID_(MAX) ID_(10%) D1 – D4 Current Accuracy D1- D4 Charge Pump Mode VD_(TH) Transition Threshold EN/PWM Current Control EN/PWM Input High Threshold VENH Voltage EN/PWM Input Low Threshold VENL Voltage IEN(LKG) EN/PWM Input Leakage Current tPWM(ON) PWM Control Turn-on Delay EN/PWM Input OFF Timeout tEN/PWM fPWM PWM Control Frequency 4 Min Typ Max Units 6.1 5.5 8.0 V mA 3.0 4.6 mA 6.0 8.0 1 mA μA 2.7 IN = 5.5V, EN = IN, VD1 = VD2 = VD3= VD4 = 0V IN = 5.5V, EN = IN, ID1 = ID2 = ID3 = ID4 = FS, VD1 = VD2 = VD3 = VD4 = IN – 1.5V, Excluding IDN current Operating, ID1 = ID2 = ID3 = ID4 = OPEN EN/PWM = GND When charge pump is on 0.60 ID1 = ID2 = ID3 = ID4 =30mA EN/PWM =IN Duty Cycle = 100% Duty Cycle = 100%, VIN – VF = 1.5V Duty Cycle = 10%, VIN – VF = 1.5V 27 -3 ID1 = ID2 = ID3 = ID4 =30mA, VIN – VD1 is measured. 150 5 0.85 150 110 30 1.05 250 33 3 3.2 mA % mA 380 mV 1.4 EN/PWM = IN = 5V V -1 0.4 V 1 μA μs ms kHz 2 0.15 Duty cycle = 80% www.analogictech.com mA V MHz mV μs 1 50 3105.2008.10.1.0 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT3105178 ChargePumpTM Low Cost 1x/2x 4 Channel Charge Pump WLED Driver Typical Characteristics VIN = 3.6V, CIN = COUT = CP = 1μF; TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. Shutdown Current vs. Temperature Quiescent Current vs. Input Voltage (1x Mode) 7.0 VIN = 5.5V VIN = 2.7V 0.08 Quiescent Current (mA) ShutdownnCurrent (µA) 0.10 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 85°C 25°C -40°C 2.0 1.0 -40 -15 10 35 60 85 2.7 3.1 3.5 Temperature (°C) 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.5 Supply Voltage (V) No Load Operating Current vs. Input Voltage Frequency vs. Temperature (2x Mode) 900 85°C 25°C -40°C 6.2 Frequency (KHz) Operating Current (mA) 6.4 6.0 5.8 5.6 5.4 5.2 2.7 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 880 860 840 820 800 -40 5.5 -20 0 Supply Voltage (V) 20 40 60 80 Temperature (°C) Current Matching vs. Temperature LED Current Control vs. PWM Duty Ratio 1.2% 32 1.0% 31 0.8% 30 0.6% 29 28 27 -40 D1 D2 D3 D4 Matching -15 0.4% 0.2% 10 35 60 0.0% 85 30 Current per Channel (mA) LED Current per Channel (mA) (FPWM = 25KHz) 33 24 18 12 6 0 10 3105.2008.10.1.0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Duty Ratio (%) Temperature (°C) www.analogictech.com 5 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT3105178 ChargePumpTM Low Cost 1x/2x 4 Channel Charge Pump WLED Driver Typical Characteristics VIN = 3.6V, CIN = COUT = CP = 1μF; TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. Efficiency vs. Input Voltage EN/SET Input OFF Timeout vs. Input Voltage 800 100% 750 700 TEN/SET(OFF) (µs) Efficiency (%) 80% 60% 40% VF = 2.7V VF = 3.0V VF = 3.3V VF = 3.6V 20% 0% 2.7 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 650 600 550 500 450 85°C 25°C -40°C 400 350 300 2.7 5.5 3.1 3.5 Input Voltage (V) 1.0 1.0 VEN(L) (V) VEN(H) (V) 1.2 0.8 0.6 85°C 25°C -40°C 0.4 EN (4V/div) IIN (100mA/div) VD1 (2V/div) VOUT (2V/div) 3.5 3.9 4.3 5.1 5.5 4.7 5.1 0.8 0.6 85°C 25°C -40°C 0.4 5.5 0.2 2.7 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 Input Voltage (V) Input Voltage (V) Turn On to 1X Mode Turn On to 2X Mode (VIN = 4.2V; 30mA/ch) (VIN = 3.2V; 30mA/ch) EN (4V/div) 0 IIN (250mA/div) 0 VD1 (2V/div) 0 VOUT (2V/div) 0 Time (100µs/div) 6 4.7 EN Input Low Threshold Voltage vs. Input Voltage 1.2 3.1 4.3 Input Voltage (V) EN Input High Threshold Voltage vs. Input Voltage 0.2 2.7 3.9 5.5 0 0 0 0 Time (200µs/div) www.analogictech.com 3105.2008.10.1.0 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT3105178 ChargePumpTM Low Cost 1x/2x 4 Channel Charge Pump WLED Driver Typical Characteristics VIN = 3.6V, CIN = COUT = CP = 1μF; TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. Output Ripple Waveform Turn Off from 1X Mode (VIN = 3.2V; 2X Mode; 30mA/ch) (30mA/ch) EN (2V/div) VIN (20mV/div) 0 VD1 (2V/div) 0 IIN (200mA/div) VOUT (50mV/div) 0 0 Time (800ns/div) 3105.2008.10.1.0 0 Time (200µs/div) www.analogictech.com 7 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT3105178 ChargePumpTM Low Cost 1x/2x 4 Channel Charge Pump WLED Driver Functional Block Diagram C+ C– OUT D1 Two-Mode CP Control D2 IN VF Monitoring 4 D3 2x D4 1x GND 5 EN/ PWM PWM Control Functional Description The AAT3105 is a low-cost charge-pump solution designed to drive up to four white LEDs. The charge pump operates from a 2.7V to 5.5V power source and converts it to voltage levels necessary to drive the LEDs. LED current is individually controlled through integrated current sources powered from the output of the charge pump. Low 1x charge-pump output resistance and low dropout voltage current sources allow the charge pump to stay in 1x mode with an input voltage as low as 3.8V and LED forward voltages of 3.5V. After entering 2x mode, the charge pump remains in 2x mode until the device resets. The AAT3105 requires only three external components: one 1μF ceramic capacitor for the charge pump flying capacitor (CP), one 1μF ceramic input capacitor (CIN), 8 IREF 5 Bits DAC one 1μF ceramic output capacitor (COUT). The four constant current outputs of the AAT3105 (D1 to D4) can drive four individual LEDs with a maximum current of 30mA each. A PWM interface enables the AAT3105 to change the LED current through the EN/PWM pin. PWM Interface The AAT3105 uses a simple PWM interface to control the effective LED current (RMS) of its current source outputs. The PWM signal should fit the requirements listed in the electrical characteristic table for proper operation. When the EN/PWM pin is constantly pulled high, which means 100% duty ratio, the source current per channel is typically 30mA. When the EN/PWM pin is pulled low for less than 150μs, the current source will output 0mA of current and the charge pump status will remain www.analogictech.com 3105.2008.10.1.0 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT3105178 ChargePumpTM Low Cost 1x/2x 4 Channel Charge Pump WLED Driver unchanged. By feeding the EN/PWM pin with a proper PWM signal, the RMS current of current source outputs is proportional to the duty ratio of the PWM signal with very little error, which is introduced timing delay. If EN/ PWM is kept low for longer than 1ms, the device will enter shutdown mode. In shutdown mode, the device draws less than 1μA current and all current source outputs are inactive. The relationship between PWM duty ratio and LED current per channel is shown in Table 1. The PWM signal should meet the timing requirements shown in the Electrical Characteristics section of this datasheet in order to guarantee proper operation and accuracy. For example, if the minimum PWM duty ratio is designed as 10%, then the PWM frequency should be higher than 6Khz to meet the minimum limit of the EN/PWM input off time, which is 150μs. EN/PWM Duty Cycle (FPWM = 25Khz) D1-D4 Current (mA) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 29.9 26.7 23.8 20.8 17.9 15 12 9.1 6.2 3.2 LED Selection The AAT3105 is specifically designed for driving white LEDs. However, the device design will allow the AAT3105 to drive most types of LEDs with forward voltage specifications ranging from 2.2V to 4.7V. LED applications may include mixed arrangements for display backlighting, keypad display, and any other application that demands a constant current source generated from a varying input voltage. Since the D1 to D4 constant current sources are matched with negligible supply voltage dependence, the constant current channels will be matched regardless of their respective LED forward voltage (VF) levels. The low dropout current sources in the AAT3105 maximize performance and make it capable of driving LEDs with high forward voltages. Multiple channels can be combined to obtain a higher LED drive current without complication. Any unused channel should be connected to GND; the device will detect and shut down the channel. Do not connect any unused channel to the OUT pin. Device Switching Noise Performance Table 1: PWM Duty Cycle vs. LED Current. LED Current vs. PWM Duty Ratio (FPWM = 25KHz) 30 Current per Channel (mA) Application Information 24 The AAT3105 operates at a fixed frequency of approximately 0.85MHz to control noise and limit harmonics that can interfere with the RF operation of mobile communication devices. Back-injected noise appearing on the input pin of the charge pump is 20mV peak-to peak, typically ten times less than inductor-based DC/DC boost converter white LED backlight solutions. The AAT3105 soft-start feature prevents noise transient effects associated with inrush currents during start-up of the charge pump circuit. 18 Shutdown 12 Since the current switches are the only power returns for all loads, there is no leakage current when all source switches are disabled. To enter shutdown operation, the EN/PWM input for the AAT3105 should be strobed low. After tOFF (500μs), the AAT3105 will be shut down and typically draws less than 1μA from the input. Registers are reset to 0 in shutdown. 6 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Duty Ratio (%) Figure 1: PWM Duty Cycle vs. LED Current. 3105.2008.10.1.0 www.analogictech.com 9 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT3105178 ChargePumpTM Low Cost 1x/2x 4 Channel Charge Pump WLED Driver Power Efficiency and Device Evaluation The charge pump efficiency discussion in the following sections accounts only for efficiency of the charge pump section itself. Due to the unique circuit architecture and design of the AAT3105, it is very difficult to measure efficiency in terms of a percent value comparing input power over output power. Since the AAT3105 outputs are pure constant current sources and typically drive individual loads, it is difficult to measure the output voltage for a given output to derive an overall output power measurement. For any given application, white LED forward voltage levels can differ, yet the output drive current will be maintained as a constant. This makes quantifying output power a difficult task when taken in the context of comparing to other white LED driver circuit topologies. A better way to quantify total device efficiency is to observe the total input power to the device for a given LED current drive level. The best white LED driver for a given application should be based on trade-offs of size, external component count, reliability, operating range, and total energy usage, not just output power over input power efficiency. An expression for the ideal efficiency (η) in 1x chargepump mode can be expressed as: VF η (%) = V · 100 IN For a charge pump led driver with VF of 3.2V and 4.2V input voltage, the theoretical efficiency is 76%. Due to internal switching losses and IC quiescent current consumption, the actual efficiency can be measured at 73%. 2x Charge Pump Mode Efficiency The AAT3105 contains a charge pump which will boost the input supply voltage in the event where VIN is less than the voltage required to supply the output. The efficiency (η) can be simply defined as a linear voltage regulator with an effective output voltage that is equal to one and two times the input voltage. Efficiency (η) for an ideal 2x charge pump can typically be expressed as the output power divided by the input power. η= PF PIN The AAT3105 efficiency may be quantified under very specific conditions and is dependent upon the input voltage versus the output voltage across the loads applied to outputs D1 through D4 for a given constant current setting. Depending on the combination of VIN and voltages sensed at the current sources, the device will operate in load switch mode. When any one of the voltages sensed at the current sources nears dropout, the device will operate in 2x charge pump mode. In addition, with an ideal 2x charge pump, the output current may be expressed as 1/3 of the input current. The expression to define the ideal efficiency (η) can be rewritten as Each of these modes will yield different efficiency values. Refer to the following two sections for explanations for each operational mode. VF η (%) = 2 · V · 100 1x Mode Efficiency The AAT3105 1x mode is operational at all times and functions alone to enhance device power conversion efficiency when VIN is higher than the voltage across the load. When in 1x mode, voltage conversion efficiency is defined as output power divided by input power. POUT VF · ILED VF · ILED VF η= P = V ·I =V ·2·I ≈2·V IN IN IN IN OUT IN -or- IN For a charge pump current source driver with VF of 3.2V and 2.7V input voltage, the theoretical efficiency is 59%. Due to internal switching losses and IC quiescent current consumption, the actual efficiency can be measured at 57%. Efficiency will decrease substantially as load current drops below 1mA or when the voltage level at VIN approaches the voltage level at VOUT. POUT VF · ILED VF · ILED VF ≈ η= P = V ·I =V ·I VIN IN IN IN IN OUT 10 www.analogictech.com 3105.2008.10.1.0 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT3105178 ChargePumpTM Low Cost 1x/2x 4 Channel Charge Pump WLED Driver Additional Applications PCB Layout Considerations The current sources of the AAT3105 can be combined freely to drive higher current levels through one LED. As an example, a single LED can be driven at 120mA by combining together D1 through D4 outputs. When designing a PCB for the AAT3105, the key requirements are: For lower-cost applications, the flying capacitor can be removed; C+ and C- should be floating. This will force the AAT3105 to operate in 1x mode. To maintain regulated LED current, the input supply voltage has to be higher than the charge pump's dropout voltage in 1x mode plus the forward voltage of the LED at the preset LED current. Input Voltage 2.7V to 5.5V IN 1. 2. Place the flying capacitor C1 as close to the chip as possible; otherwise 2x mode performance will be compromised. Place the input and output decoupling capacitors C2 and C3 as close to the chip as possible to reduce switching noise and output ripple. OUT C OUT 1µF C+ C IN 1µF AAT3105 CP 1µF D1 D2 C- D3 EN/PWM Interface D4 EN/PWM GND Figure 1: Higher Current, Single LED Application. Input Voltage > VF + VDROP IN OUT C OUT 1µF C+ C IN 1µF AAT3105 D1 D2 C- D3 EN/PWM Interface EN/PWM D4 GND Figure 2: Lower Cost 1x Mode Application. 3105.2008.10.1.0 www.analogictech.com 11 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT3105178 ChargePumpTM Low Cost 1x/2x 4 Channel Charge Pump WLED Driver Evaluation Board PCB Layout Figure 3: AAT3105 Evaluation Board Top Layer. Figure 4: AAT3105 Evaluation Board Bottom Layer. Evaluation Board Schematic J1 DC+ DC- DC+ VIN C 1 10µF 2 3 C2 1µF OUT JP1 D4 D3 D2 D1 JP2 JP3 JP4 U1 JP5 C1 1µF 1 2 3 CC+ IN 4 5 D2 D3 D1 D4 OUT VIN C- EN/PWM C+ GND 10 9 8 7 6 EN AAT3105 C3 1µF EN PWM R2 20K C6 4.7µF R5 R4 R3 1K 1K 1K 1 2 S1 3 4 S1 UP U2 PIC12F675 VDD VSS GP5 GP0 GP4 GP1 GP3 GP2 VR1 POT10K 8 7 6 5 S2 S2 DOWN S3 S3 CYCLE R6 330 C4 0.1µF R7 330 LED2 Red MCU Power LED1 Green PWM Figure 5: AAT3105 Evaluation Board Schematic. 12 www.analogictech.com 3105.2008.10.1.0 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT3105178 ChargePumpTM Low Cost 1x/2x 4 Channel Charge Pump WLED Driver Evaluation Board Bill of Materials (BOM) Component Part Number Description U1 AAT3105IJQ-T1 U2 C1, C2, C3 C4 C6 C D1-D4 LED1 LED2 R2 R3-R5 R6-R7 R8 R9-R12 S1 S2 S3 VR1 PIC12F675 GRM188R61A105KA61 GRM219R71C104KA01 GRM219R61A475KE19 N/A LW M673 21UGC/TR8 Green LED; 0805 21SRC/TR8 Red LED; 0805 Chip Resistor Chip Resistor Chip Resistor Chip Resistor Chip Resistor PTS645TL50 PTS645TL50 PTS645TL50 EVN-5ESX50B14 3105.2008.10.1.0 High Efficiency 1x/2x Charge Pump for White LED; SC70JW-10 Package 8-Bit CMOS, FLASH-Based μC; 8-Pin MCU Cap Ceramic 1uF10V X5R 10% 0603 Cap Ceramic 0.1μF10V X7R 10% 0805 Cap Ceramic 4.7μF10V X5R 10% 0805 Not Soldered Mini TOPLED White LED; SMD LED0 CMD15 LED7 CMD15 20K, 1/16W 1% 0603 SMD 1K, 1/16W 1% 0603 SMD 330R, 1/16W 1% 0603 SMD 1M, 1/16W 1% 0603 SMD 0R, 1/16W 1% 0603 SMD Switch Tact, SPST, 5mm Switch Tact, SPST, 5mm Switch Tact, SPST, 5mm 10K POT; 3mm Squared SMD www.analogictech.com Manufacturer AnalogicTech Microchip Murata Murata Murata N/A Osram Chicago Miniature Lamp Chicago Miniature Lamp Vishay Vishay Vishay Vishay Vishay ITT Industries ITT Industries ITT Industries Panasonic-ECG 13 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT3105178 ChargePumpTM Low Cost 1x/2x 4 Channel Charge Pump WLED Driver Ordering Information Package Interface Current Control, Inverting Marking1 Part Number (Tape and Reel)2 SC70JW-10 PWM Linear 5WXYY AAT3105IJQ-T1 All AnalogicTech products are offered in Pb-free packaging. The term “Pb-free” means semiconductor products that are in compliance with current RoHS standards, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. For more information, please visit our website at http://www.analogictech.com/about/quality.aspx. Packaging Information SC70JW-10 2.20 ± 0.20 1.75 ± 0.10 0.40 BSC 0.225 ± 0.075 Top View 0.100 7° ± 3° 0.45 ± 0.10 4° ± 4° 0.05 ± 0.05 0.15 ± 0.05 1.10 MAX 0.85 ± 0.15 2.00 ± 0.20 2.10 ± 0.30 Side View End View All dimensions in millimeters. 1. XYY = assembly and date code. 2. Sample stock is generally held on part numbers listed in BOLD. 14 www.analogictech.com 3105.2008.10.1.0 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT3105178 ChargePumpTM Low Cost 1x/2x 4 Channel Charge Pump WLED Driver Advanced Analogic Technologies, Inc. 3230 Scott Boulevard, Santa Clara, CA 95054 Phone (408) 737-4600 Fax (408) 737-4611 © Advanced Analogic Technologies, Inc. AnalogicTech cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in an AnalogicTech product. No circuit patent licenses, copyrights, mask work rights, or other intellectual property rights are implied. AnalogicTech reserves the right to make changes to their products or specifications or to discontinue any product or service without notice. Except as provided in AnalogicTech’s terms and conditions of sale, AnalogicTech assumes no liability whatsoever, and AnalogicTech disclaims any express or implied warranty relating to the sale and/or use of AnalogicTech products including liability or warranties relating to fitness for a particular purpose, merchantability, or infringement of any patent, copyright or other intellectual property right. In order to minimize risks associated with the customer’s applications, adequate design and operating safeguards must be provided by the customer to minimize inherent or procedural hazards. Testing and other quality control techniques are utilized to the extent AnalogicTech deems necessary to support this warranty. Specific testing of all parameters of each device is not necessarily performed. AnalogicTech and the AnalogicTech logo are trademarks of Advanced Analogic Technologies Incorporated. All other brand and product names appearing in this document are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders. 3105.2008.10.1.0 www.analogictech.com 15