LMC6762 Dual MicroPower Rail-To-Rail Input CMOS Comparator with Push-Pull Output General Description Features The LMC6762 is an ultra low power dual comparator with a maximum supply current of 10 µA/comparator. It is designed to operate over a wide range of supply voltages, from 2.7V to 15V. The LMC6762 has guaranteed specs at 2.7V to meet the demands of 3V digital systems. The LMC6762 has an input common-mode voltage range which exceeds both supplies. This is a significant advantage in low-voltage applications. The LMC6762 also features a push-pull output that allows direct connections to logic devices without a pull-up resistor. A quiescent power consumption of 50 µW/amplifier (@ V+ = 5V) makes the LMC6762 ideal for applications in portable phones and hand-held electronics. The ultra-low supply current is also independent of power supply voltage. Guaranteed operation at 2.7V and a rail-to-rail performance makes this device ideal for battery-powered applications. Refer to the LMC6772 datasheet for an open-drain version of this device. (Typical unless otherwise noted) n Low power consumption (max): IS = 10 µA/comp n Wide range of supply voltages: 2.7V to 15V n Rail-to-rail input common mode voltage range n Rail-to-rail output swing (Within 100 mV of the supplies, @ V+ = 2.7V, and ILOAD = 2.5 mA) n Short circuit protection: 40 mA n Propagation delay (@ V+ = 5V, 100 mV overdrive): 4 µs Applications n n n n n n n Laptop computers Mobile phones Metering systems Hand-held electronics RC timers Alarm and monitoring circuits Window comparators, multivibrators Connection Diagram 8-Pin DIP/SO DS012320-1 Top View Ordering Information Package Temperature Range NSC Drawing −40˚C to +85˚C Transport Media 8-Pin Molded DIP LMC6762AIN, LMC6762BIN N08E 8-Pin Small Outline LMC6762AIM, LMC6762BIM M08A Rails LMC6762AIMX, LMC6762BIMX M08A Tape and Reel © 1999 National Semiconductor Corporation DS012320 Rails www.national.com LMC6762 Dual MicroPower Rail-To-Rail Input CMOS Comparator with Push-Pull Output July 1997 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 seconds) Storage Temperature Range Junction Temperature (Note 4) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. ESD Tolerance (Note 2) Differential Input Voltage Voltage at Input/Output Pin Supply Voltage (V+–V−) Current at Input Pin Current at Output Pin (Notes 7, 3) Current at Power Supply Pin, LMC6762 2 KV (V+)+0.3V to (V−)−0.3V (V+)+0.3V to (V−)−0.3V 16V ± 5 mA 260˚C −65˚C to +150˚C 150˚C Operating Ratings (Note 1) Supply Voltage Junction Temperature Range LMC6762AI, LMC6762BI Thermal Resistance (θJA) N Package, 8-Pin Molded DIP M Package, 8-Pin Surface Mount ± 30 mA 2.7 ≤ VS ≤ 15V −40˚C ≤ TJ ≤ +85˚C 100˚C/W 172˚C/W 40 mA 2.7V Electrical Characteristics Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TJ = 25˚C, V+ = 2.7V, V− = 0V, VCM = V+/2. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. Symbol VOS TCVOS Parameter Typ (Note 5) Conditions Input Offset Voltage 3 Input Offset Voltage LMC6762AI LMC6762BI Limit Limit Units (Note 6) (Note 6) 5 15 mV 8 18 max 2.0 µV/˚C 3.3 µV/Month Temperature Drift Input Offset Voltage (Note 8) Average Drift IB Input Current 0.02 pA IOS Input Offset Current 0.01 pA CMRR Common Mode Rejection Ratio 75 dB PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio ± 1.35V < VS < ± 7.5V 80 dB AV Voltage Gain (By Design) 100 VCM Input Common-Mode CMRR > 55 dB 3.0 Voltage Range −0.3 VOH VOL IS Output Voltage High Output Voltage Low Supply Current ILOAD = 2.5 mA 2.5 ILOAD = 2.5 mA 0.2 For Both Comparators (Output Low) www.national.com 2 12 dB 2.9 2.9 V 2.7 2.7 min −0.2 −0.2 V 0.0 0.0 max 2.4 2.4 V 2.3 2.3 min 0.3 0.3 V 0.4 0.4 max 20 20 µA 25 25 max 5.0V and 15.0V Electrical Characteristics Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TJ = 25˚C, V+ = 5.0V and 15.0V, V− = 0V, VCM = V+/2. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. LMC6762AI Symbol VOS TCVOS Parameter Conditions Input Offset Voltage Input Offset Voltage Temperature Drift Input Offset Voltage Average Drift IB Input Current IOS Input Offset Current CMRR Common Mode Typ (Note 5) 3 V+ = 5V V+ = 15V V+ = 5V (Note 8) V+ = 15V (Note 8) V = 5V V+ = 5V LMC6762BI Limit Limit (Note 6) (Note 6) 5 15 mV 8 18 max 2.0 Units µV/˚C 4.0 3.3 µV/Month 4.0 0.04 pA 0.02 pA 75 dB Rejection Ratio V+ = 5V V+ = 15V 82 dB PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio ± 2.5V < VS < ± 5V 80 dB AV Voltage Gain Input Common-Mode (By Design) V+ = 5.0V 100 VCM Voltage Range CMRR > 55 dB 5.3 −0.3 V+ = 15.0V 15.3 CMRR > 55 dB −0.3 VOH VOL Output Voltage High Output Voltage Low V+ = 5V ILOAD = 5mA 4.8 V+ = 15V ILOAD = 5 mA V+ = 5V 14.8 0.2 ILOAD = 5 mA V+ = 15V 0.2 ILOAD = 5 mA IS Supply Current For Both Comparators 12 (Output Low) ISC Short Circuit Current Sourcing Sinking, VO = 12V 30 dB 5.2 5.2 V 5.0 5.0 min −0.2 −0.2 V 0.0 0.0 max 15.2 15.2 V 15.0 15.0 min −0.2 −0.2 V 0.0 0.0 max 4.6 4.6 V 4.45 4.45 min 14.6 14.6 V 14.45 14.45 min 0.4 0.4 V 0.55 0.55 max 0.4 0.4 V 0.55 0.55 max 20 20 µA 25 25 max mA 45 (Note 7) 3 www.national.com AC Electrical Characteristics Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TJ = 25˚C, V+ = 5V, V− = 0V, VCM = VO = V+/2. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extreme. Symbol Parameter tRISE Rise Time tFALL Fall Time tPHL Conditions f = 10 kHz, CL = 50 pF, Overdrive = 10 mV (Notes 9, 10) f = 10 kHz, CL = 50 pF, Propagation Delay (High to Low) tPLH Typ (Note 5) Overdrive = 10 mV (Notes 9, 10) f = 10 kHz, Overdrive = 10 mV CL = 50 pF Overdrive = 100 mV LMC6762AI LMC6762BI Limit Limit (Note 6) (Note 6) Units 0.3 µs 0.3 µs 10 µs 4 µs (Notes 9, 10) V+ = 2.7V, Overdrive = 10 mV 10 µs f = 10 kHz, CL = 50 pF Overdrive = 100 mV 4 µs Propagation Delay (Notes 9, 10) f = 10 kHz, Overdrive = 10 mV 6 µs (Low to High) CL = 50 pF Overdrive = 100 mV 4 µs (Notes 9, 10) V+ = 2.7V, Overdrive = 10 mV 7 µs f = 10 kHz, CL = 50 pF Overdrive = 100 mV 4 µs (Notes 9, 10) Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is intended to be functional, but specific performance is not guaranteed. For guaranteed specifications and the test conditions, see the electrical characteristics. Note 2: Human body model, 1.5 kΩ in series with 100 pF. Note 3: Applies to both single-supply and split-supply operation. Continuous short circuit operation at elevated ambient temperature can result in exceeding the maximum allowed junction temperature of 150˚C. Output currents in excess of ± 30 mA over long term may adversely affect reliability. Note 4: The maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), θJA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is PD = (TJ(max) – TA)/θJA.All numbers apply for packages soldered directly into a PC board. Note 5: Typical Values represent the most likely parametric norm. Note 6: All limits are guaranteed by testing or statistical analysis. Note 7: Do not short circuit output to V+, when V+ is greater than 12V or reliability will be adversely affected. Note 8: Input Offset Voltage Average Drift is calculated by dividing the accelerated operating life drift average by the equivalent operational time. The Input Offset Voltage Average Drift represents the input offset voltage change at worst-case input conditions. Note 9: CL includes the probe and jig capacitance. Note 10: The rise and fall times are measured with a 2V input step. The propagation delays are also measured with a 2V input step. Typical Performance Characteristics Supply Current vs Supply Voltage (Output High) V+ = 5V, Single Supply, TA = 25˚C unless otherwise specified Supply Current vs Supply Voltage (Output Low) DS012320-20 www.national.com Input Current vs Common-Mode Voltage DS012320-21 4 DS012320-22 Typical Performance Characteristics V+ = 5V, Single Supply, TA = 25˚C unless otherwise specified (Continued) Input Current vs Common-Mode Voltage Input Current vs Common-Mode Voltage DS012320-23 ∆VOS vs ∆VCM Input Current vs Temperature DS012320-24 ∆VOS vs ∆VCM ∆VOS vs ∆VCM DS012320-26 Output Voltage vs Output Current (Sourcing) DS012320-25 DS012320-27 Output Voltage vs Output Current (Sourcing) DS012320-29 DS012320-30 5 DS012320-28 Output Voltage vs Output Current (Sourcing) DS012320-31 www.national.com Typical Performance Characteristics V+ = 5V, Single Supply, TA = 25˚C unless otherwise specified (Continued) Output Voltage vs Output Current (Sinking) Output Voltage vs Output Current (Sinking) DS012320-32 Output Short Circuit Current vs Supply Voltage (Sourcing) DS012320-33 Output Short Circuit Current vs Supply Voltage (Sinking) DS012320-35 Response Time for Overdrive (tPHL) DS012320-34 Response Time for Overdrive (tPLH) DS012320-36 Response Time for Overdrive (tPLH) DS012320-38 www.national.com Output Voltage vs Output Current (Sinking) Response Time for Overdrive (tPHL) DS012320-39 6 DS012320-37 DS012320-40 Typical Performance Characteristics V+ = 5V, Single Supply, TA = 25˚C unless otherwise specified (Continued) Response Time for Overdrive (tPLH) Response Time for Overdrive (tPHL) DS012320-41 Response Time vs Capacitive Load DS012320-42 7 DS012320-43 www.national.com Application Hints 1.0 Input Common-Mode Voltage Range At supply voltages of 2.7V, 5V and 15V, the LMC6762 has an input common-mode voltage range which exceeds both supplies. As in the case of operational amplifiers, CMVR is defined by the VOS shift of the comparator over the common-mode range of the device. A CMRR (∆VOS/∆VCM) of 75 dB (typical) implies a shift of < 1 mV over the entire common-mode range of the device. The absolute maximum input voltage at V+ = 5V is 200 mV beyond either supply rail at room temperature. DS012320-6 FIGURE 2. Even at Low-Supply Voltage of 2.7V, an Input Signal which Exceeds the Supply Voltages Produces No Phase Inversion at the Output At V+ = 2.7V, propagation delays are tPLH = 4 µs and tPHL = 4 µs with overdrives of 100 mV. Please refer to the performance curves for more extensive characterization. 3.0 Shoot-Through Current The shoot-through current is defined as the current surge, above the quiescent supply current, between the positive and negative supplies of a device. The current surge occurs when the output of the device switches states. This transient switching current results in glitches in the supply voltage. Usually, glitches in the supply lines are compensated by bypass capacitors. When the switching currents are minimal, the values of the bypass capacitors can be reduced considerably. DS012320-5 FIGURE 1. An Input Signal Exceeds the LMC6762 Power Supply Voltages with No Output Phase Inversion A wide input voltage range means that the comparator can be used to sense signals close to ground and also to the power supplies. This is an extremely useful feature in power supply monitoring circuits. An input common-mode voltage range that exceeds the supplies, 20 fA input currents (typical), and a high input impedance makes the LMC6762 ideal for sensor applications. The LMC6762 can directly interface to sensors without the use of amplifiers or bias circuits. In circuits with sensors which produce outputs in the tens to hundreds of millivolts, the LMC6762 can compare the sensor signal with an appropriately small reference voltage. This reference voltage can be close to ground or the positive supply rail. 2.0 Low Voltage Operation Comparators are the common devices by which analog signals interface with digital circuits. The LMC6762 has been designed to operate at supply voltages of 2.7V without sacrificing performance to meet the demands of 3V digital systems. DS012320-7 FIGURE 3. LMC6762 Circuit for Measurement of the Shoot-Through Current At supply voltages of 2.7V, the common-mode voltage range extends 200 mV (guaranteed) below the negative supply. This feature, in addition to the comparator being able to sense signals near the positive rail, is extremely useful in low voltage applications. www.national.com 8 Application Hints 4.0 Output Short Circuit Current (Continued) The LMC6762 has short circuit protection of 40 mA. However, it is not designed to withstand continuous short circuits, transient voltage or current spikes, or shorts to any voltage beyond the supplies. A resistor is series with the output should reduce the effect of shorts. For outputs which send signals off PC boards additional protection devices, such as diodes to the supply rails, and varistors may be used. 5.0 Hysteresis If the input signal is very noisy, the comparator output might trip several times as the input signal repeatedly passes through the threshold. This problem can be addressed by making use of hysteresis as shown below. DS012320-8 FIGURE 4. Measurement of the Shoot-Through Current From Figure 3 and Figure 4 the shoot-through current for the LMC6762 can be approximated to be 0.2 mA (200 mV/1 kΩ). The duration of the transient is measured as 1 µs. The values needed for the local bypass capacitors can be calculated as follows: DS012320-10 FIGURE 5. Canceling the Effect of Input Capacitance The capacitor added across the feedback resistor increases the switching speed and provides more short term hysteresis. This can result in greater noise immunity for the circuit. 6.0 Spice Macromodel A Spice Macromodel is available for the LMC6762. The model includes a simulation of: DS012320-9 Area of ∆ = 1⁄2 (1 µs x 200 µA) = 100 pC If the local bypass capacitor has to provide this charge of 100 pC, the minimum value of the local capacitor to prevent local degradation of VCC can be calculated. Suppose that the maximum voltage droop that the system can tolerate is 100mV, ∆Q = C * (∆V) →C = (∆Q/∆V) = 100 pC/100 mV = 0.001 µF • Input common-mode voltage range • Quiescent and dynamic supply current • Input overdrive characteristics and many more characteristics as listed on the macromodel disk. Contact the National Semiconductor Customer Response Center at 1-800-272-9959 to obtain an operational amplifier spice model library disk. Typical Applications The low internal feedthrough current of the LMC6762 thus requires lower values for the local bypass capacitors. In applications where precision is not critical, this is a significant advantage, as lower values of capacitors result in savings of board space, and cost. It is worth noting here that the delta shift of the power supply voltage due to the transient currents causes a threshold shift of the comparator. This threshold shift is reduced by the high PSRR of the comparator. However, the value of the PSRR applicable in this instance is the transient PSRR and not the DC PSRR. The transient PSRR is significantly lower than the DC PSRR. Generally, it is a good goal to reduce the delta voltage on the power supply to a value equal to or less than the hysteresis of the comparator. For example, if the comparator has 50 mV of hysteresis, it would be reasonable to increase the value of the local bypass capacitor to 0.01 µF to reduce the voltage delta to 10 mV. One-Shot Multivibrator DS012320-14 FIGURE 6. One-Shot Multivibrator 9 www.national.com Typical Applications Zero Crossing Detector (Continued) A monostable multivibrator has one stable state in which it can remain indefinitely. It can be triggered externally to another quasi-stable state. A monostable multivibrator can thus be used to generate a pulse of desired width. The desired pulse width is set by adjusting the values of C2 and R4. The resistor divider of R1 and R2 can be used to determine the magnitude of the input trigger pulse. The LMC6762 will change state when V1 < V2. Diode D2 provides a rapid discharge path for capacitor C2 to reset at the end of the pulse. The diode also prevents the non-inverting input from being driven below ground. Bi-Stable Multivibrator DS012320-16 FIGURE 8. Zero Crossing Detector A voltage divider of R4 and R5 establishes a reference voltage V1 at the non-inverting input. By making the series resistance of R1 and R2 equal to R5, the comparator will switch when VIN = 0. Diode D1 insures that V3 never drops below −0.7V. The voltage divider of R2 and R3 then prevents V2 from going below ground. A small amount of hysteresis is setup to ensure rapid output voltage transitions. DS012320-15 FIGURE 7. Bi-Stable Multivibrator Oscillator A bi-stable multivibrator has two stable states. The reference voltage is set up by the voltage divider of R2 and R3. A pulse applied to the SET terminal will switch the output of the comparator high. The resistor divider of R1, R4, and R5 now clamps the non-inverting input to a voltage greater than the reference voltage. A pulse applied to RESET will now toggle the output low. DS012320-19 FIGURE 9. Square Wave Generator Figure 9 shows the application of the LMC6762 in a square wave generator circuit. The total hysteresis of the loop is set by R1, R2 and R3. R4 and R5 provide separate charge and discharge paths for the capacitor C. The charge path is set through R4 and D1. So, the pulse width t1 is determined by the RC time constant of R4 and C. Similarly, the discharge path for the capacitor is set by R5 and D2. Thus, the time t2 between the pulses can be changed by varying R5, and the pulse width can be altered by R4. The frequency of the output can be changed by varying both R4 and R5. www.national.com 10 Typical Applications (Continued) DS012320-18 FIGURE 10. Time Delay Generator The output voltages of comparators 1, 2, and 3 switch to the high state when VC1 rises above the reference voltage VA, VB and VC. A small amount of hysteresis has been provided to insure fast switching when the RC time constant is chosen to give long delay times. The circuit shown above provides output signals at a prescribed time interval from a time reference and automatically resets the output when the input returns to ground. Consider the case of VIN = 0. The output of comparator 4 is also at ground. This implies that the outputs of comparators 1, 2, and 3 are also at ground. When an input signal is applied, the output of comparator 4 swings high and C charges exponentially through R. This is indicated above. 11 www.national.com Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted 8-Pin Small Outline Package Order Number LMC6762AIM, LMC6762BIM, LMC6762AIMX or LMC6762BIMX NS Package Number M08A 8-Pin Molded Dual-In-Line Package Order Number LMC6762AIN or LMC6762BIN NS Package Number N08E www.national.com 12 LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. National Semiconductor Corporation Americas Tel: 1-800-272-9959 Fax: 1-800-737-7018 Email: [email protected] www.national.com National Semiconductor Europe Fax: +49 (0) 1 80-530 85 86 Email: [email protected] Deutsch Tel: +49 (0) 1 80-530 85 85 English Tel: +49 (0) 1 80-532 78 32 Français Tel: +49 (0) 1 80-532 93 58 Italiano Tel: +49 (0) 1 80-534 16 80 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. National Semiconductor Asia Pacific Customer Response Group Tel: 65-2544466 Fax: 65-2504466 Email: [email protected] National Semiconductor Japan Ltd. Tel: 81-3-5639-7560 Fax: 81-3-5639-7507 National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications. LMC6762 Dual MicroPower Rail-To-Rail Input CMOS Comparator with Push-Pull Output Notes