Technical S pecification NQ10W50PKA07 12V in 0 . 7 - 5 . 0 V Input Outputs 7 Amp Non SMT Current Isolated Sur face Mount Package T he NiQ or ® m o d u l e i s a s u r f a c e m o u n t , D C / D C n o n - i s o l a t e d b u c k r egu la tor , with a s in gle p ro gra mma b le ou tp ut vo lta ge. T he co nver ter e mpl oy s a sy n ch ro no us rec tifica tion an d a dis co ntin u ou s mo de a t Non-Isolated l igh t l oa d s t o ac hie ve ex tr eme ly fas t t r a ns ien t r es p on se a nd high con ver s ion eff icien cy . Th e NiQ or fa mil y of co nver ters ar e us ed p r edo m in ately in DP A s ystems u sin g a fr on t end DC/DC h igh p o wer b r ick (4 8Vi n t o lo w v ol t age b us ). Th e n on -is ol a te d NiQo r con v er t ers a r e t h en u se d a t t h e p oi nt of lo ad t o cre at e t he l ow v ol ta ge ou t p ut s r eq u ired b y t h e d es ign. T y pic al a pp li ca ti on s in cl ud e t el eco m/d at a c om, in du str ia l, med ica l , tr a ns po rta tion , da ta p ro ces si ng/s tor a ge and test equipment. RoHS Compliant (see page 12 ). NiQor NQ10W50PKA07 Operational Features • Ultra high efficiency, up to 93% at full load current • Delivers up to 7 Amps of output current with no derating up to 85C, 100LFM • Input Voltage Range : 10.2 - 13.2V • Fast transient response time • Input voltage compensation gives excellent rejection of input voltage ripple and input voltage transients • On-board input (capacitive) filtering • No minimum load requirement means no preload resistors required • High accuracy output voltage regulation • Discontinuous mode option offers extremely low dissipation at light loads Mechanical Features • Surface mount package • Package size: 0.9” x 0.4” x 0.232” • Total weight: 0.18 oz. (5.0 g), lower mass greatly reduces vibration and shock problems • Open frame construction maximizes air flow cooling Contr ol Features • On/Off control positive logic • Output voltage trim permits custom voltages and voltage margining • Remote sense (+/- ) for output voltage compensation due to output distribution drops • External/Internal reference options • Up/Down margining with digital input signals Safety Features • UL/cUL 60950-1 recognized (US & Canada) • TUV certified to EN60950-1 • Meets 72/23/EEC and 93/68/EEC directives which facilitates CE Marking in user’s end product • Board and plastic components meet UL94V-0 flammability requirements Pr otection Features • Current limit foldback protects converter from excessive load current or short circuits Product # NQ10W50PKA07 Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2NS2T5N Rev. B 6/12/07 Page 1 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification MECHANICAL DIAGRAM 10.2 - 13.2V 0.7 - 5.0V 7A SMT Surface Mount Package Top View Note 3 Note 4 Note 6 Note 7 Note 5 0.226 +0.006 (5.74 +0.15) Bottom View 0.900 (22.86) Side View 0.080 0.063 (2.03) Typ. (1.60) Typ. 0.310 P1 P2 P3 (7.87) P4 Bottomside Clearance 0.155 0.020 +.009/-.001 (3.94) 0.400 (0.5 +.22/-.02) P6 (10.16) 0.063 P11 P10 P9 P8 (1.60) P7 0.195 (4.95) 0.045 (1.14) 0.385 (9.78) 0.575 (14.61) 0.770 (19.56) SMT CONTACT CONNECTIONS NOTES 1) SMT Contacts: Material - Brass Finish - Gold over Nickel plate 2) Lead co-planarity Pins 1-10 = 0.004”max (0.10 mm) 3) Pin designator located on top side inductor label. 4) SynQor part number on two lines of text 5) Product Info: WWYY - Date code; RR - Revision; L - Manuf. code 6) Product serial number. Barcode format Datamatrix or Micro PDF417. Barcode includes “S” for serial number prefix. 7) Product serial number, human readable text. 8) Undimensioned components are shown for visual reference only. 9) All dimensions in inches (mm) Tolerances: x.xx +/-0.02 in. (x.x +/-0.5mm) x.xxx +/-0.010 in. (x.xx +/-0.25mm) 10) Weight: 0.18 oz. (5 g) typical 11) Workmanship: Meets or exceeds IPC-A-610C Class II Product # NQ10W50PKA07 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Pin No. www.synqor.com Name Function 1 CTRL GND Low Current Ground 2 OE Output Enable (active high) 3 PWRGD Power Good (active high) 4 PWR GND Power (Vin & Vout) Ground 6 TRIMN Margin Control (trim down) 7 VSET Setpoint Voltage 8 VIN Input Voltage 9 TRIMP Margin Control (trim up) 10 VOUT Output Voltage 11 VADJ Feedback Voltage Doc.# 005-2NS2T5N Rev. B 6/12/07 Page 2 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification 10.2 - 13.2V 0.7 - 5.0V 7A SMT ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS - NQ10W50PKA07 Series TA=25°C, airflow rate=300 LFM, Vin=12Vdc unless otherwise noted; full operating temperature range is -5°C to +85°C ambient temperature with appropriate power derating. Specifications subject to change without notice. Parameter ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Non-Operating Input Voltage Operating Input Voltage Operating Temperature Storage Temperature TRIMP and TRIMN pins VSET pin Voltage at OE (output enable) input pin INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Operating Input Voltage Range Input Under-Voltage Lockout Turn-On Voltage Threshold Turn-Off Voltage Threshold Maximum Input Current (100% Load, 10.2Vin) “ “ “ “ “ “ “ No-Load Input Current (DCM Versions QS1, QS2 1) No-Load Input Current (CCM Versions QS3, QS4 2) “ “ “ “ “ “ “ Disabled Input Current Inrush Current Transient Rating Input Ripple Voltage (RMS) “ “ “ “ “ “ “ Recommended Input Fuse for 0.9Vout Recommended Input Fuse for 3.3Vout Input Filter Capacitor Value Recommended External Input Capacitance OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Set Point (QS1, QS4 versions) Output Voltage Set Point (QS2, QS3 versions) Output Voltage Regulation 3 Over Line Over Load Over Temperature Total Output Voltage Range Output Voltage Ripple and Noise Peak-to-Peak Operating Output Current Range Output DC Current-Limit Threshold Recommended Output Capacitance Product # NQ10W50PKA07 Setpoint Min. Typ. All All All All All All All 10.2 -5 -40 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 12.0 All 10.2 All All 0.7V 0.9V 1.2V 1.5V 1.8V 2.5V 3.3V 5.0V All 0.7V 0.9V 1.2V 1.5V 1.8V 2.5V 3.3V 5.0V All All 0.7V 0.9V 1.2V 1.5V 1.8V 2.5V 3.3V 5.0V All All All All Max. Units 15 13.2 85 85 5.0 2.7 5 V V °C °C V V V 12 13.2 V 3.3 3.2 4.0 3.9 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 2.0 2.6 3.8 6 20 25 30 35 40 45 55 70 2.0 V V A A A A A A A A mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA A 2s V V V V V V V V A A µF µF 4 14 16 19 22 25 31 37 46 0.5 0.02 0.027 0.032 0.036 0.020 0.013 0.022 0.028 0.037 1.0 3.0 22 22 All All +1.2 +0.7 % % All All All All +0.1 +0.2 +0.3 +1.8 % % % % All All All All Phone 1-888-567-9596 10 0 110 15 176 www.synqor.com 25 7 2000 mV A A µF Notes & Conditions Continuous Continuous Consult factory for lower operating temperatures ON/OFF control pin See note 1 in page 5 At 25ºC. See note 2 in page 5 Including 22uF external input capacitor With 22µF external cap; see Figures 14 & 17 Use fuse with minimal additional current rating Use fuse with minimal additional current rating Internal value Ceramic With 50% load, see trimming app note With Vset=0.7V, 50% load, see trimming app note See trimming and remote sensing app notes Over sample, line, load, temperature & life 20MHz bandwidth, 110uF ceramic output cap. Full Load. See note 4 in page 5 See note 3 in page 5 5% drop in Vout; see Figure 16 Nominal Vout at 7A resistive load Doc.# 005-2NS2T5N Rev. B 6/12/07 Page 3 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification 10.2 - 13.2V 0.7 - 5.0V 7A SMT ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) - NQ10W50PKA07 Series Parameter Setpoint OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS (continued) Output Voltage Ripple and Noise Peak-to-Peak All DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS Input Voltage Ripple Rejection 5V “ 0.7V, 1,8V “ All Output Voltage during Load Current Transient Step Change in Output Current All Settling Time All Turn-On Transient Turn-On Time 0.7V-2.5V “ 3.3V “ 5.0V EFFICIENCY 85% Load (6A) 0.7V “ 0.9V “ 1.2V “ 1.5V “ 1.8V “ 2.5V “ 3.3V “ 5.0V 28% Load (2A) 0.7V “ 0.9V “ 1.2V “ 1.5V “ 1.8V “ 2.5V “ 3.3V “ 5.0V TEMP. LIMITS FOR POWER DERATING Semiconductor Junction Temperature All Board Temperature All FEATURE CHARACTERISTICS Switching Frequency 0.7V “ 5.0V ON/OFF Control Off-State Voltage All On-State Voltage All Transition Voltage All OE Pin Input Resistance All Output Over-Voltage Protection All External Reference Input (Versions QS2, QS3) VSET Pin Voltage Range All Input Filter All Margining (Versions QS1, QS4) Margin-Up Trimming All Margin-Down Trimming All TRIMN and TRIMP Pin Thresholds All PowerGood Internal Pull-up Resistance All Internal Pull-up Voltage All Upper Threshold All Lower Threshold All Hysteresis All Low Voltage All Product # NQ10W50PKA07 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Min. Typ. Max. Units 10 25 mV -60 -80 -40 dB dB dB dB mV µs +100 20 2.2 2.7 3.3 3.5 3.9 4.4 4.7 5.0 5.5 77 81 84 86 87 90 92 94 81 83 84 86 87 89 91 93 340 660 395 740 0 2.0 1.1 0.7 4.5 -5.5 4.7 7 -13 °C °C Package rated to 150°C UL rated max operating temp 130°C 450 830 kHz kHz See Figure 18 for other voltages See Figure 18 for other voltages 1.0 5.0 1.9 V V V V % 0.8 1.0/1.0 1.0 5.0 -5.0 1.4 5.5 -4.5 www.synqor.com 120 Hz, see Figure 15 120 Hz, see Figure 15 Audio to 5 MHz; see Figure 15 See Figures 9 & 10 10% to 90% to 10% Iout max, 5A/uS or faster To within 1.5% Vout nom VSET=0.8V for QS2 or QS3 Full load, Vout=97% steady state level Full load, Vout=97% steady state level Full load, Vout=97% steady state level 125 125 130 100 5.0 10 -10 1.5 0.15 20MHz bandwidth, 110uF ceramic output cap. Full Load. See note 4 in page 5 % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 332 110 ms ms ms Notes & Conditions 5.3 13 -7 3 0.4 V kW/µF % % V kW V % % % V Applied at OE pin Applied at OE pin To ground only, no internal pull-up Over full temp range; % of nominal Vout Internal filter Vout increase when pulling up TRIMP pin Vout decrease when pulling up TRIMN pin With 4mA sink current Doc.# 005-2NS2T5N Rev. B 6/12/07 Page 4 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification 10.2 - 13.2V 0.7 - 5.0V 7A SMT ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) - NQ10W50PKA07 Series Parameter Setpoint Min. All All 5.0V 1.8V All All 0.7 FEATURE CHARACTERISTICS (continued) Trimming and Remote Sense Output Voltage Trim Range Output Voltage Remote Sense Range Remote Sense Accuracy “ Thevenin Resistance Thevenin Voltage RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS Calculated MTBF (Telcordia) Calculated MTBF (MIL-217) Demonstrated MTBF 5.0Vout 5.0Vout 5.0Vout Typ. Max. Units 5.25 +5 V % % % 94 98 990 Vout/101 W V Notes & Conditions Measured across pins 10 & 4 Measured across pins 10 & 4, less setpoint voltage Percentage of voltage drop compensated Percentage of voltage drop compensated At VADJ pin with no external resistance At VADJ pin with no external resistance 106 Hrs. TR-NWT-000332; 100% load, 300LFM, 40oC Ta 106 Hrs. MIL-HDBK-217F; 100% load, 300LFM, 40oC Ta 106 Hrs. Field demonstrated MTBF 21.5 12.4 1.0 STANDARDS COMPLIANCE Parameter Notes STANDARDS COMPLIANCE UL/cUL 60950-1 EN60950-1 72/23/EEC 93/68/EEC Needle Flame Test (IEC 695-2-2) IEC 61000-4-2 GR-1089-CORE Telcordia (Bellcore) GR-513 File # E194341 Certified by TUV Test on entire assembly; board & plastic components UL94V-0 compliant ESD test, 8kV - NP, 15kV air - NP (Normal Performance) Section 7 - electrical safety, Section 9 - bonding/grounding • An external input fuse must always be used to meet these safety requirements. QUALIFICATION TESTING Parameter QUALIFICATION TESTING Life Test Vibration Mechanical Shock Temperature Cycling Power/Thermal Cycling Design Marginality Humidity Solderability # Units 32 5 5 10 5 5 5 15 pins Test Conditions 95% rated Vin and load, units at derating point, 1000 hours 10-55Hz sweep, 0.060” total excursion,1 min./sweep, 120 sweeps for 3 axis 100g minimum, 2 drops in x and y axis, 1 drop in z axis -40°C to 100°C, unit temp. ramp 15°C/min., 500 cycles Toperating = min to max, Vin = min to max, full load, 100 cycles Tmin-10°C to Tmax+10°C, 5°C steps, Vin = min to max, 0-105% load 85°C, 85% RH, 1000 hours, 2 minutes on and 6 hours off MIL-STD-883, method 2003 • Extensive characterization testing of all SynQor products and manufacturing processes is performed to ensure that we supply robust, reliable product. Contact the factory for more information about Proof of Design and Proof of Manufacturing processes. Note 1: DCM = Discontinuous Conduction Mode - see application notes. Note 2: CCM = Continuous Conduction Mode - see application notes. Note 3: QS1 and QS2 versions at no load (up to 50mA) may have a higher Vout error of up to +1.5% associated with deep discontinuous mode operation. Note 4: The user will see higher output ripple at light loads (< 4A @ 5V, <1.5A @ 0.9V) on the discontinuous conduction mode versions. To reduce output ripple, increase output capacitance or use continuous conduction mode version. OPTIONS PATENTS SynQor provides various options for Packaging, Mounting, Optional Functions and Current Sharing for this family of DC/DC converters. Please consult the last page of this specification sheet for information on available options. SynQor is protected under various patents. Please consult the last page for further information. Product # NQ10W50PKA07 Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2NS2T5N Rev. B 6/12/07 Page 5 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: 100 100 95 95 90 90 85 85 Efficiency (%) Efficiency (%) Technical Specification 80 5.0V 3.3V 2.5V 1.8V 1.5V 1.2V 0.9V 0.7V 75 70 65 80 5.0V 3.3V 2.5V 1.8V 1.5V 1.2V 0.9V 0.7V 75 70 65 60 60 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 Load Current (A) 3 4 5 6 7 Load Current (A) Figure 1: Efficiency at 12Vin and nominal output voltage vs. load current for CCM modules at 25°C (see Continuous vs Discontinuous Conduction app note). Figure 2: Efficiency at 12Vin and nominal output voltage vs. load current for DCM modules at 25°C (see Continuous vs Discontinuous Conduction app note). 2.50 2.50 5.0V 3.3V 2.5V 1.8V 1.5V 1.2V 0.9V 0.7V 2.00 1.75 1.50 5.0V 3.3V 2.5V 1.8V 1.5V 1.2V 0.9V 0.7V 2.25 2.00 Power Dissipation (W) 2.25 Power Dissipation (W) 10.2 - 13.2V 0.7 - 5.0V 7A SMT 1.25 1.00 0.75 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.50 0.25 0.25 0.00 0.00 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 Load Current (A) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Load Current (A) Figure 3: Power dissipation at 12Vin and nominal output voltage vs. load current for CCM modules at 25°C (see Continuous vs Discontinuous Conduction app note). Figure 4: Power dissipation at 12Vin and nominal output voltage vs. load current for DCM modules at 25°C (see Continuous vs Discontinuous Conduction app note). 8 Iout (A) 7 6 400 LFM (2.0 m/s) 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) 5 200 LFM (1.0 m/s) 100 LFM (0.5 m/s) Semiconductor junction temperature is within 1°C of surface temperature 4 0 25 40 55 70 85 Ambient Air Temperature (°C) Figure 5: Maximum output power derating curves vs. ambient air temp for all output voltages at 12Vin. Airflow rates of 100 - 400 LFM with air flowing across the converter from pin 1 to 11.. Product # NQ10W50PKA07 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Figure 6: Thermal plot of 0.9Vo converter at 12.0Vin with 7 amp load current and 55°C. Air is flowing across the converter from pin 1 to 11 at 200 LFM. www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2NS2T5N Rev. B 6/12/07 Page 6 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification 10.2 - 13.2V 0.7 - 5.0V 7A SMT Semiconductor junction temperature is within 1°C of surface temperature Semiconductor junction temperature is within 1°C of surface temperature Figure 7: Thermal plot of 2.5Vo converter at 12.0Vin with 7 amp load current and 55°C. Air is flowing across the converter from pin 1 to 11 at 200 LFM. Figure 8: Thermal plot of 5.0Vo converter at 12.0Vin with 7 amp load current and 55°C. Air is flowing across the converter from pin 1 to 11 at 200 LFM. 5.0Vout 5.0Vout 2.5Vout 2.5Vout 1.2Vout 1.2Vout 0.7Vout 0.7Vout Figure 9: DCM (QS1 & QS2) output voltage response at 12.0Vin to step- Figure 10: CCM (QS3 & QS4) output voltage response at 12.0Vin to step- change in load current (10% to 90% of Iout max; di/dt=20A/µ s; 50µ s/div). Load cap: 376µ F ceramic. Top: Vout (100mV/div), Bottom: Iout (5A/div). change in load current (10% to 90% of Iout max; di/dt=20A/µ s; 50µ s/div). Load cap: 376µ F ceramic. Top: Vout (100mV/div), Bottom: Iout (5A/div). 5.0Vout 5.0Vout 3.3Vout 3.3Vout 2.5Vout 2.5Vout 1.8Vout 1.8Vout 1.5Vout 1.2Vout 1.0Vout 1.5Vout 1.2Vout 1.0Vout 0.7Vout 0.7Vout Figure 11: DCM (QS1 & QS2) turn-on transient at 12Vin and full load (resistive load) with 370uF of output cap (1V/div, 1mS/div), top traces are OE pin (first to rise) and PWRGOOD (rising later), both at 5V div. Product # NQ10W50PKA07 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Figure 12: CCM (QS3 & QS4) turn-on transient at 12Vin and full load (resistive load) with 370uF of output cap (1V/div, 1mS/div), top traces are OE pin (first to rise) and PWRGOOD (rising later), both at 5V div. www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2NS2T5N Rev. B 6/12/07 Page 7 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification 5.0Vout 5.0Vout 3.3Vout 3.3Vout 2.5Vout 2.5Vout 1.8Vout 1.8Vout 1.5Vout 1.5Vout 1.2Vout 1.2Vout 0.9Vout 0.9Vout 0.7Vout 10.2 - 13.2V 0.7 - 5.0V 7A SMT 0.7Vout Figure 13: Output Voltage Ripple at 12V input voltage and rated load current (10 mV/div). Load capacitance: 5 ceramic 22µ F capacitors. Bandwidth: 20 MHz. See Figure 17. Figure 14: Input Voltage Ripple across 22uF external input capacitor at 12V input voltage and rated load current (200 mV/div). Load capacitance: 5 ceramic 22µ F capacitors. Bandwidth: 20 MHz. See Figure 17. 0 1.1 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 0.7 Vout -80 Normalized Output Voltage (V) Forward Transmission (dB) -10 1.8 Vout -90 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 Vout 0.9 Vout 1.8 Vout 5.0 Vout 0.6 5.0 Vout 0.5 -100 1.E+02 1.0 1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06 1.E+07 0 1.E+08 4 8 Hz 12 16 20 Load Current (A) Figure 15: Magnitude of incremental forward transmission (FT = vout/vin) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power. Figure 16: Output voltage vs. load current showing typical current limit curves and converter shutdown points. 900 800 Frequency (Khz) 700 600 500 400 300 200 85ºC 100 25ºC 0 .7V .9V 1V 1.2V 1.5V 1.8V 2.5V 3.3V 5V Output Voltage (V) Figure 17: External cap shown for transient response measurements. Not shown are PWRGOOD output and digital inputs OE, TRIMN and TRIMP. I/O pin arrangement not intended to match positions on the converter. Product # NQ10W50PKA07 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Figure 18: Typical Switching Frequency vs Output Voltage, 12Vin, Full Rated Load Current. www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2NS2T5N Rev. B 6/12/07 Page 8 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification 10.2 - 13.2V 0.7 - 5.0V 7A SMT Figure 19: Load current (10A/div) as a function of time (500uS/div) when attempting to turn on into a 10 mW short circuit. *-Output voltage setpoint is trimmed to 5.25V for the top trace and 0.7V for the bottom trace. Product # NQ10W50PKA07 Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2NS2T5N Rev. B 6/12/07 Page 9 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification BASIC OPERATION AND FEATURES The NiQor series non-isolated converter uses a buck converter that keeps the output voltage constant over variations in line, load, and temperature. The NiQor modules employ synchronous rectification for very high efficiency. Dissipation throughout the converter is so low that it does not require a heatsink or metal baseplate for operation. The NiQor converter can thus be built more simply and reliably using high yield surface mount techniques on a single PCB substrate. CONTROL FEATURES Remote ON/OFF (OE, pin 2): The OE (output enable) input, pin 2, permits the user to control when the converter is on or off. The OE pin connects directly to the enable pin of the PWM chip and must be pulled high to turn the converter on (see the specification pages for on/off logic thresholds). The converter has an internal 332K resistor from this pin to CTRL GND (pin 1). PROTECTION FEATURES Input Under-Voltage Lockout: The converter is designed to turn off when the input voltage is too low. When the input voltage is rising, it must exceed the typical Turn-On Voltage Threshold value (listed on the specification pages) before the converter will turn on. Once the converter is on, the input voltage must fall below the typical Turn-Off Voltage Threshold value before the converter will turn off. Output Current Limiting: This converter employs foldback current limiting. A typical output voltage-current curve is shown in Figure 16 in the Performance Curves section. At room temperature current limit is reached at about 170% of rated current. Loads in excess of that limit will cause the output to droop. If the load is sufficient to pull the output down to approximately 50% of its nominal setpoint, the output current will begin to foldback. If the load continues to increase, the output current will decrease linearly to about 30% of the rated current at zero Vout. While operating into this dead short condition the unit will deliver 2-3A indefinitely reducing stress and ensuring prolonged short-circuits will not overheat the converter. Since there is no "hiccup mode" to the current-limit operation, there is also no concern with operation or startup into large capacitive loads. The voltage may rise slowly while charging the output capacitance, but it will rise. Product # NQ10W50PKA07 Phone 1-888-567-9596 10.2 - 13.2V 0.7 - 5.0V 7A SMT There are also no problems starting into a load that has a resistive V-I curve. As long as the load draws less than the current limit value at 1/2 of the unit's setpoint voltage, proper startup is ensured. Because the current limit tolerance is rather large, a fuse is recommended in series with the input source of each unit. The rating of the fuse should be above but as close as possible to the maximum input current specified on the specification pages. These maximum input currents account for full load conditions, maximum ambient temperature, and minimum input voltage. The curves for power dissipation vs load current may be used to estimate the reduction of input current at lighter load conditions. APPLICATION CONSIDERATIONS Input Over-Voltage Prevention: The power system designer must take precautions to prevent damaging the NiQor converters by input overvoltage. This is another reason to be careful about damping the input filter so that no ringing occurs from an underdamped filter. The voltage must be prevented from exceeding the absolute maximum voltage indicated in the Electrical Specifications section of the data sheet under all conditions of turn-on, turn-off and load transients and fault conditions. The power source should have an over voltage shutdown threshold as close as reasonably possible to the operating point. External Output Capacitance: This converter is designed to operate with all-ceramic output capacitance. Although additional bulk output capacitance of other types may be found to improve performance, the output capacitance recommendations are generally based on low-ESR ceramic capacitors. A minimum of 110uF of ceramic capacitance should be placed as close as possible to the converter and preferably mounted directly under the converter on the opposite side of the converter with VOUT and PWR GND planes used to minimize the inductance of this connection. In order to maintain the desired capacitance up to higher output voltages, 5 22uF/1210 capacitors are recommended. To achieve the transient response specifications, 376uF is recommended. When operating the QS1 or QS2 version at light loads (see CCM vs DCM section), even more capacitance may be desired to reduce the output ripple voltage. Due to the low-frequency content of the discontinuous mode output voltage ripple, tantalum or polymer type capacitors may also be useful in reducing this ripple. In general, more capacitance is needed, particularly at high voltages, when using 100uF 1210 6.3V capacitors or other low voltage X5R capacitors which can similarly drop to 1/3 of their nominal value at a bias voltage of 5V. www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2NS2T5N Rev. B 6/12/07 Page 10 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification Continuous vs Discontinuous Conduction Modes: Table 1 summarizes the difference among the converter versions. Referring to the last 3 digits of the part number, the QS1 and QS2 versions are configured to enable discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) operation at light loads, whereas the QS3 and QS4 versions force continuous conduction mode (CCM) operation. Table 2 shows the typical load current corresponding to the boundary for light-load discontinuous operation. Version Vref Light-Load Operating Mode QS1 0.7V Discontinuous (DCM) Enabled QS2 VSET pin Discontinuous (DCM) Enabled QS3 VSET pin Forced Continuous (CCM) QS4 0.6V Forced Continuous (CCM) Table 1: Version differences Following are the main performance differences between the two versions: 1) Current-sinking: A DCM version (QS1, QS2) will not sink current if its output is backdriven, whereas a CCM version will sink current as needed to regulate its output voltage, though such negative current might be limited to a few amps but may exceed 10Amps. Since this is not a normal operating condition, the negative current limit is not specified. 2) Light-load input power: The main advantage of DCM operation is lower input current at light loads, down to only about 4 milliamps with no-load (for all input/output voltage conditions). The efficiency improvement of the DCM version only becomes evident as the load is reduced below 1.5A for a 5.0V output. This threshold gradually falls to about 1 Amp at 2.5V and 0.75A at 0.7V, as shown in Table 2 below. 3) Light-load output ripple: The output ripple of the DCM version has a higher amplitude, as well as a significant amount of low-frequency content at light loads (as low as 200Hz for 0.7Vout at noload). With the same output capacitance, peak-to-peak output voltage ripple at light-loads may be 3 to 10 times as large for DCM as for the CCM version. At heavier loads, all versions operate in continuous conduction and have very low output voltage ripple. 4) Transient response: The CCM version has a better response to dynamic loads. The output voltage deviation, while excellent on both versions, is about 20% lower on the CCM version. With a falling load step, a longer settling time may also be noticeable, especially when stepping into very light loads, as there is no current sinking capability to quickly reduce the output voltage from its peak deviation. 5) No-Load Regulation: When operating in discontinuous mode Product # NQ10W50PKA07 Phone 1-888-567-9596 10.2 - 13.2V 0.7 - 5.0V 7A SMT with extremely light loads (<50mA), the output voltage may rise by 1 to 2% beyond the specified tolerance. Output Voltage Boundary Current Efficiency Advantage Setpoint for Output Ripple Boundary Current 0.7V - 1.8V 2.0 Amps 0.75Amps 2.5V 2.2 Amps 1.0 Amps 3.3V 2.4 Amps 1.2 Amps 5.0V 2.6 Amps 1.5 Amps Table 2: Boundary currents below which DCM operation increases ripple and improves efficiency Setting Output Voltage (VADJ, pin 11): This converter is a wide-output module and requires external resistors R1 and R2 (see Figure 17) to set the output voltage. The output voltage is set by the ratio between R1 and R2 in parallel with an internal 100K resistor as follows: Vout = Vref * [1 + (R2 || 100K) / R1] where Vref is given in Table 1 above. In terms of the top resistor R2, the trim equation is: R2 = (Vout - Vref) * R1 * 100K Vref * (R1 + 100K) - Vout * R1 The recommended value for bottom resistor R 1 is 1.0K. Significantly larger values of R1 will degrade the DC accuracy of the remote sensing, particularly with high output voltages where the trim resistor R2 becomes comparable to the internal 100K parallel resistor. If remote sensing is not used, larger values of R1 up to 5.0K may be used. (Vout - Vref) * 100 With R1=1K R2 (in kohm) = 101 * Vref - Vout Total DC Variation of Vout: For the converter to meet its specifications, the maximum variation of the DC value of the converter output voltage, due to voltage adjustment, margining, and remote load voltage drops, should not be greater than that specified for the output voltage trim range. Differential Remote Sense: Using the differential remote sense feature, the converter can be configured to adjust its output voltage up to compensate for resistive drops between the converter and the load. Differential remote sensing is achieved by a Kelvin connection of the top trim resistor R2 (see Figure 17) and the CTRL GND pin respectively to the Vout and common rails at the desired remote location. The other end of R2 connects to the VADJ pin, and the bottom trim resistor R1 connects between the www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2NS2T5N Rev. B 6/12/07 Page 11 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification 10.2 - 13.2V 0.7 - 5.0V 7A SMT VADJ and CTRL GND pins. The R1 connection should be between the pin and the point where the CTRL GND and PWR GND nodes meet. In cases where the output voltage is not trimmed above the reference voltage (R2 < 50 W), it should be noted that the trim connection would be substantially used for high-frequency feedback as well as DC sensing, so the feedback loop would see any filtering network including parasitic inductance between the output pins and the remote sense point. RoHS Compliance: The EU led RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) Directive bans the use of Lead, Cadmium, Hexavalent Chromium, Mercury, Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBB), and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) in Electrical and Electronic Equipment. This SynQor product is available as 6/6 RoHS compliant. For more information please refer to SynQor’s RoHS addendum available at our RoHS Compliance / Lead Free Initiative web page or e-mail us at [email protected]. When using the remote sensing to compensate for a substantial voltage drop on the VOUT rail between converter and load (i.e., more than 1% of output voltage), the load voltage accuracy can be impacted by the internal 100K resistor between the VOUT and VADJ pins, especially at higher output voltage trim settings, where the trimming resistor R2 connected to the remote sense load starts to become a significant fraction of the 100K resistor. The following equation for the load voltage adjusts for this effect: SURFACE MOUNT INFORMATION Vload = Vref * [1 + (R2 || 100K) / R1] - Vdrop * [R2 / (R2 + 100K)] Where Vdrop is the difference between the output voltage at the converter pin and the load voltage (both measured with respect to the CTRL GND pin.) Internal vs External Reference: The QS1 version uses an internal reference to maintain 0.7V at the VADJ pin during normal steady-state operating conditions. The QS4 also uses an internal reference, but maintains 0.6V at the VADJ pin. The QS2 and the QS3 are configured to use an external reference voltage applied at the VSET pin. The converter will maintain this voltage, which may be between 0.7V and 1.0V, at the VADJ pin during normal steady-state operating conditions. Under no conditions should the VSET pin be driven above the absolute maximum voltage of 2.7V. Margining: With the QS1 and QS4 versions, the converter output voltage can be margined up or down by 5% by applying a logic-high voltage to the TRIMP and TRIMN pins. The table below summarizes the margining operation. There is an internal 50K resistor to ground at each of these pins. The logic threshold is about 1.4V, and the pins should be driven no higher than 5V. When using the QS2 or QS3 versions, the TRIMP and TRIMN pins should be connected to the CTRL GND pin. TRIMP pin Low/Open High Low/Open High Product # NQ10W50PKA07 TRIMN pin Low/Open Low/Open High High Mode No Margining +5% -5% No Margining Phone 1-888-567-9596 PCB Layout Considerations: SynQor recommends that the customer use a non-solder mask defined pad design. The minimum recommended pad size is 0.074" x 0.122" (1.88mm x 3.1mm) and the maximum pad size is 0.095" x 0.140" (2.41mm x 3.56mm), see the mechanical diagram on page 2. Interconnection to internal power planes is typically required. This can be accomplished by placing a number of vias between the SMT pad and the relevant plane. The number and location of the vias should be determined based on electrical resistance, current and thermal requirements. "Via-in-pad" design should be avoided in the SMT pads. Solder mask should be used to eliminate solder wicking into the vias. Pick and Place: The NiQor surface mount modules are designed for automated assembly using standard SMT pick and place equipment. The modules have a centrally located inductor component with a flat surface area to be used for component pick-up. The units use open frame construction and have a low mass that is within the capability of standard pick and place equipment. Those modules however have a larger mass than most conventional SMT components and so variables such as nozzle size, tip style, handling speed, and placement pressure should be optimized for best results. A conformal tipped placement nozzle design is recommended. Coplanarity of better than 0.004" (0.1mm) is achieved through the SMT NiQor's terminal design. Reflow Soldering Guidelines: Figure J shows a typical reflow profile for a eutectic solder process. Due to variations in customer applications, materials and processes, it is not feasible for SynQor to recommend a specific reflow profile. The customer should use this profile as a guideline only. Since the NiQor surface mount modules have a larger thermal mass and lower thermal resistance than standard SMT components, it may be necessary to optimize the solder reflow profile based on limitations of the other components on the customer board. Sufficient reflow time must be allowed to fuse the plating on the connection to ensure a reliable solder joint. The solder reflow profile should be confirmed by accurately measuring the SMT interconnect leads. The guidelines illustrated in Figure J must be observed to ensure the maximum case temperature of 260°C (exposure for 5 seconds or less) is not exceeded for the NiQor units. www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2NS2T5N Rev. B 6/12/07 Page 12 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification Lead-Free Soldering: These NiQor surface mount modules are manufactured with lead free solder and PCB finish and meet the conditions for Lead-Free Class 3 status. Users who wish to assemble the modules in a Lead-Free solder process may require peak reflow temperatures exceeding 240°C. The maximum allowable case temperature of the surface mount NiQor modules is 260°C for no greater than 5 seconds. 10.2 - 13.2V 0.7 - 5.0V 7A SMT Maximum Temperature (+210-260oC) Eutectic Solder Melting Point (+183oC) (+150-155oC) Pre-heat Moisture Sensitivity: These NiQor surface mount modules have an MSL rating 1 per IPC/JEDEC J-STD-033A. • Reflow Soak o < 2.5 C/sec Cool Down • 0.5-0.6oC/sec • 1.3-1.6oC/sec • 60 to 90 sec., typ., 2 min max • 30 to 60 sec., typ., 90 sec max Cleaning and Drying: When possible, a no2 to 4 min. clean solder paste system should be used to solder the NiQor SMT units to their application board. The modules are suitable for aqueous washing, however, the user must ensure suffi- Figure J: Typical Eutectic (96.5Sn/3.0Ag/0.5Cu) Solder Profile cient drying to remove all water from the converter before powering up. Inadequate cleaning and drying can affect the reliability of the converter and the testing of the final assembly. Tape & Reel Packaging: The NiQor SMT modules are supplied in tape and reel packaging in quantities of 300 units per reel. Packaging conforms to EIA-481 standards. Tape and reel dimensions are shown in the diagram below. 330 mm (13”) diameter reel Leader: 400 mm min. thermally sealed cover tape carrier tape Direction of feed 16 mm Trailer: 160 mm min. 44 mm Pin 1 location Reel View Product # NQ10W50PKA07 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Tape View www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2NS2T5N Rev. B 6/12/07 Page 13 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification 10.2 - 13.2V 0.7 - 5.0V 7A SMT PART NUMBERING SYSTEM ORDERING INFORMATION The part numbering system for SynQor’s NiQor DC/DC converters follows the format shown in the example below. The tables below show the valid model numbers and ordering options for converters in this product family. When ordering SynQor converters, please ensure that you use the complete 15 character part number consisting of the 12 character base part number, the next 3 characters for options. A “-G” suffix indicates the product is 6/6 RoHS compliant. NQ 10 W50 P K A 07 Q S 1 Options (see Ordering Information) Model Number Input Voltage NQ10W50p KA07xyz -G 10.2 - 13.2V Output Current Thermal Design Max Output Current 7.0 A The following option choices must be included in place of the x & z spaces in the model numbers listed above. Performance Level Packaging Output Voltage 0.7-5.0V (see Ordering Information) Options Description: x y z Packaging: p Output Voltage Packaging Enable Logic Input Voltage Product Family The first 12 characters comprise the base part number and the next 3 characters indicate available options. A “-G” suffix indicates the product is 6/6 RoHS compliant. P - 0.4"x0.9" Surface Mount Q - Positive Pin Style Feature Set 1 - Internal 0.7V Reference & Margining (DCM version) 2 - External Reference & Variable Margining (DCM version) S - SMT 3 - External Reference & Variable Margining (CCM version) 4 - Internal 0.6V Reference & Variable Margining (CCM version) Application Notes A variety of application notes and technical white papers can be downloaded in pdf format from our website. PATENTS (additional patent applications may be filed) SynQor holds the following patents, one or more of which might apply to this product: 5,999,417 6,594,159 6,927,987 6,222,742 6,731,520 7,050,309 6,545,890 6,894,468 7,072,190 6,577,109 6,896,526 7,085,146 Contact SynQor for further information: Phone: Toll Free: Fax: E-mail: Web: Address: Product # NQ10W50PKA07 978-849-0600 888-567-9596 978-849-0602 [email protected] www.synqor.com 155 Swanson Road Boxborough, MA 01719 USA Phone 1-888-567-9596 Warranty SynQor offers a three (3) year limited warranty. Complete warranty information is listed on our website or is available upon request from SynQor. Information furnished by SynQor is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by SynQor for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of SynQor. www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2NS2T5N Rev. B 6/12/07 Page 14