LINER LT3420-1 Photoflash capacitor chargers with automatic refresh Datasheet

LT3420/LT3420-1
Photoflash Capacitor
Chargers with Automatic Refresh
DESCRIPTIO
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FEATURES
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Charges 220µF to 320V in 3.7 Seconds
from 5V (LT3420)
Charges 100µF to 320V in 3.5 Seconds
from 5V (LT3420-1)
Charges Any Size Photoflash Capacitor
Supports Operation from Two AA Cells or Any
Supply from 1.8V to 16V
Controlled Peak Switch Current: 1.4A (LT3420)
1.0A (LT3420-1)
Controlled Input Current: 840mA (LT3420)
450mA (LT3420-1)
Uses Standard Transformers
Efficient Flyback Operation (>75% Typical)
Adjustable Output
Automatic Refresh
Charge Complete Indicator
No High Voltage Zener Diode Required
No Output Voltage Divider Required
Small 10-Lead MSOP Package
Small 10-Lead (3mm × 3mm) DFN Package
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APPLICATIO S
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The LT3420/LT3420-1 output voltage sensing scheme*
monitors the flyback voltage to indirectly regulate the
output voltage, eliminating an output resistor divider or
discrete zener diode. This feature allows the capacitor to
be held at a fully charged state without excessive power
consumption. Automatic refresh (which can be defeated)
allows the capacitor to remain charged while consuming
an average input current of about 2mA, at a user-defined
refresh rate. A logic high on the CHARGE pin initiates
charging, while the DONE pin signals that the capacitor is
fully charged.
The LT3420/LT3420-1 are available in 10-Lead MSOP and
(3mm × 3mm) DFN packages.
Digital Camera Flash Unit
Film Camera Flash Unit
High Voltage Power Supplies
, LTC and LT are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. All other
trademarks are the property of their respective owners. *Protected by U.S. Patents
including 6518733.
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The LT®3420/LT3420-1 charge high voltage photoflash
capacitors quickly and efficiently. Designed for use in both
digital and film cameras, these devices use a flyback
topology to achieve efficiencies up to four times better
than competing flash modules. A unique adaptive off-time
control algorithm* maintains current-limited continuous
mode transformer operation throughout the entire charge
cycle, eliminating the high inrush current often found in
modules.
TYPICAL APPLICATIO
VBAT
1.8V TO 6V
INPUT CURRENT
≈350mA
T1
1:12
3,4
VBAT
1.8V TO 6V
INPUT CURRENT
≈450mA
320V
8
5,6
C1
4.7µF
D1
T1
1:10
(3mm TALL)
C1
4.7µF
1
VCC
2.5V TO 10V
CHARGE
DONE
4
C2
4.7µF
9
8
3
RFB
VCC
5
3
6
320V
D1
60.4k
51.1k
2
VBAT
4
6
SW
C3
220µF
7
330V
PHOTOFLASH
CAPACITOR
SEC
LT3420
CHARGE
DONE
CT
RREF
10
5
+
VCC
2.5V TO 6V
CHARGE
DONE
1
GND
0.1µF
C1, C2: 4.7µF, X5R or X7R, 10V
C3: RUBYCON 220µF PHOTOFLASH CAPACITOR
T1: TDK SRW10EPC-U01H003 FLYBACK TRANSFORMER
D1: VISHAY GSD2004S SOT-23
DUAL DIODE. DIODES CONNECTED IN SERIES
2k
4
C2
4.7µF
9
8
2
VBAT
3
RFB
VCC
6
SW
LT3420-1
CHARGE
DONE
CT
RREF
10
5
DANGER HIGH VOLTAGE
OPERATION BY HIGH VOLTAGE
TRAINED PERSONNEL ONLY
Figure 1. High Charge Rate LT3420 Photoflash Circuit
C3
100µF
330V
PHOTOFLASH
CAPACITOR
+
1
GND
0.1µF
3420 F01
7
SEC
C1, C2: 4.7µF, X5R or X7R, 6.3V
C3: RUBYCON 100µF PHOTOFLASH CAPACITOR
T1: KIJIMA MUSEN SBL-5.6S-2
D1: VISHAY GSD2004S SOT-23
DUAL DIODE. DIODES CONNECTED IN SERIES
2k
3420 F02
Figure 2. Small Size LT3420-1 Photoflash Circuit
3420fb
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LT3420/LT3420-1
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ABSOLUTE
AXI U RATI GS
(Note 1)
VCC Voltage .............................................................. 16V
VBAT Voltage ............................................................ 16V
SW Voltage (Note 2)
LT3420 ................................................................ 38V
LT3420-1 ............................................................ 50V
SEC Current ...................................................... ±200mA
RFB Current ........................................................... ±3mA
RREF Voltage ........................................................... 2.5V
CHARGE Voltage ...................................................... 16V
CT Voltage .............................................................. 1.5V
DONE Voltage .......................................................... 16V
Current into DONE Pin .......................................... ±1mA
Maximum Junction Temperature .......................... 125°C
Operating Ambient Temperature Range
(Note 3) .............................................. – 40°C to 85°C
Storage Temperature Range ................. – 40°C to 125°C
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec)
(For MS Package only) ..................................... 300°C
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PACKAGE/ORDER INFORMATION
ORDER PART
NUMBER
TOP VIEW
RREF
TOP VIEW
10 CT
1
VBAT
2
RFB
3
9 CHARGE
VCC
4
7 SEC
GND
5
6 SW
11
8 DONE
DD PACKAGE
10-LEAD (3mm × 3mm) PLASTIC DFN
TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 43°C/W, θJC = 3°C/W
EXPOSED PAD IS GND (PIN 11)
AND MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB
ORDER PART
NUMBER
LT3420EDD
LT3420EDD-1
DD PART
MARKING
LBJW
LBJX
RREF
VBAT
RFB
VCC
GND
1
2
3
4
5
10
9
8
7
6
CT
CHARGE
DONE
SEC
SW
MS PACKAGE
10-LEAD PLASTIC MSOP
LT3420EMS
LT3420EMS-1
MS PART MARKING
TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 100°C/W, θJC = 45°C/W
(4-LAYER BOARD)
LTYH
LTAJG
Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating
temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VCC = VBAT = 3.3V, VCHARGE = VCC unless otherwise noted. (Note 3)
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
MIN
●
Minimum Operating Voltage, VCC
TYP
MAX
UNITS
2.2
2.5
V
16
V
Maximum Operating Voltage, VCC
VCC UVLO Hysteresis
40
Minimum VBAT Voltage
1.6
Maximum VBAT Voltage
VBAT UVLO Hysteresis
mV
1.8
V
16
V
275
RREF Threshold Voltage
●
0.98
0.975
mV
1.00
1.02
1.025
V
V
RREF Pin Bias Current
VRREF = 0V, Switching
VRFB = VBAT – 0.2V (Note 4)
2
4
µA
Quiescent Current
VRREF = 1.1V, Not Switching
90
130
µA
Quiescent Current in Shutdown
VCHARGE = 0V, VIN = 3.3V
0.01
1
µA
3420fb
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LT3420/LT3420-1
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating
temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VCC = VBAT = 3.3V, VCHARGE = VCC unless otherwise noted. (Note 3)
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
Primary Side Current Limit
LT3420 (Note 5)
LT3420-1 (Note 5)
1.20
0.75
1.4
0.9
1.60
1.05
A
A
Secondary Side Current Limit
LT3420 (Note 5)
LT3420-1 (Note 5)
20
5
40
15
50
25
Leakage Blanking Pulse Width
LT3420
LT3420-1
Refresh Timer Charge/Discharge Current
VCT = 0.75V
mA
mA
200
0
Refresh Timer Upper Threshold
Refresh Timer Lower Threshold
1.5
2.5
3.5
µA
0.9
1.0
1.1
V
0.45
Switch VCESAT
LT3420, SW = 1A (Note 5)
LT3420-1, SW = 0.5A (Note 5)
Switch Leakage Current
VSW = 38V (LT3420), VSW = 50V (LT3420-1)
CHARGE Input Voltage High
ns
ns
0.5
0.55
V
220
130
340
230
mV
mV
0.01
1
µA
1.5
V
CHARGE Input Voltage Low
CHARGE Pin Bias Current
VCHARGE = 3V
VCHARGE = 0V
4.5
0.01
DONE Output Signal High
100k from VCC to DONE
3.3
DONE Output Signal Low
33µA into DONE Pin
100
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which the life
of a device may be impaired.
Note 2: Rated breakdown with LT3420 in power delivery mode and power
switch off.
Note 3: The LT3420/LT3420-1 are guaranteed to meet performance
specifications from 0°C to 70°C. Specifications over the –40°C to 85°C
0.2
V
15
0.1
µA
µA
V
200
mV
operating temperature range are assured by design, characterization and
correlation with statistical process controls.
Note 4: Bias current flows out of RFB pin.
Note 5: Current limit and VCESAT guaranteed by design and/or correlation
to static test for DD package.
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TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
Graphs apply to both the LT3420 and LT3420-1 unless otherwise noted.
Output Voltage in Refresh Mode,
LT3420
Output Voltage in Refresh Mode,
LT3420
335
335
330
330
325
325
320
320
Charge Time, LT3420
10
FIGURE 1 CIRCUIT
UNLESS OTHERWISE
NOTED.
315
TIME (s)
VOUT (V)
VOUT (V)
8
315
310
310
305
305
VOUT CHARGED
FROM
50V TO 320V
TA = 25°C
6
COUT = 220µF
4
COUT = 100µF
FIGURE 1 CIRCUIT
VCC = 3.3V
VBAT = 3.3V
300
295
–50 –25
0
25
50
75
100
125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
FIGURE 1 CIRCUIT
VCC = VIN
VBAT = VIN
TA = 25°C
300
295
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
VIN (V)
3420 G01
3420 G02
2
0
2
3
4
VBAT (V)
5
6
3420 G03
3420fb
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LT3420/LT3420-1
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TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
Graphs apply to both the LT3420 and LT3420-1 unless otherwise noted.
Output Voltage in Refresh Mode,
LT3420-1
335
330
330
325
325
320
320
315
310
Charge Time, LT3420-1
10
315
310
305
305
FIGURE 2 CIRCUIT
VCC = 3.3V
VBAT = 3.3V
300
295
–50 –25
0
25
50
75
100
FIGURE 2 CIRCUIT
VCC = VIN
VBAT = VIN
TA = 25°C
300
295
2.5
125
3.0
TEMPERATURE (°C)
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6
COUT = 100µF
4
COUT = 40µF
2
0
6.0
2
4
3
VIN (V)
3420 G04
3420 G06
Primary Current Limit, LT3420
Secondary Current Limit, LT3420
1.7
TA = 25°C
6
5
VBAT (V)
3420 G05
Charge Pin Input Current
10
FIGURE 2 CIRCUIT
VOUT CHARGED
FROM 50V TO 320V
TA = 25°C
8
TIME (s)
335
VOUT (V)
VOUT (V)
Output Voltage in Refresh Mode,
LT3420-1
60
55
1.5
6
4
50
CURRENT (mA)
CURRENT (A)
CURRENT (µA)
8
1.3
1.1
45
40
35
30
2
25
0.9
–50 –25
0
2
3
6
5
7
4
8
CHARGE PIN VOLTAGE (V)
9
10
50
25
75
0
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Efficiency of Figure 1 Circuit,
LT3420
0
25
50
75
125
3420 G09
Primary Current Limit, LT3420-1
TA = 25°C
100
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Secondary Current Limit, LT3420-1
1.2
35
VIN = 5V
30
1.1
CURRENT (A)
VIN = 3.3V
70
60
CURRENT (mA)
80
EFFICIENCY (%)
20
–50 –25
125
3420 G08
3420 G07
90
100
1.0
25
20
15
0.9
50
10
VCC = VBAT = VIN
40
50
100
150
250
200
VOUT (V)
300
350
3420 G10
0.8
–50 –25
50
25
75
0
TEMPERATURE (°C)
100
125
5
–50 –25
0
25
50
75
100
125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
3420 G11
3420 G12
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LT3420/LT3420-1
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TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
Graphs apply to both the LT3420 and LT3420-1 unless otherwise noted.
Efficiency for Figure 2 Circuit,
LT3420-1
AVERAGE INPUT CURRENT (mA)
TA = 25°C
80
EFFICIENCY (%)
Input Current, LT3420
1000
VIN = 5V
VIN = 3.3V
70
60
50
VCC = VBAT = VIN
40
50
100
150
250
200
VOUT (V)
300
900
FIGURE 1 CIRCUIT
VCC = VBAT = 3.3V
TA = 25°C
800
700
600
500
50
350
Input Current, LT3420-1
600
AVERAGE INPUT CURRENT (mA)
90
100
150
250
200
VOUT (V)
3420 G13
100
150
200
250
VOUT (V)
300
350
VBAT Minimum Operating Voltage
ENABLE VOLTAGE
IS HYSTERETIC
1.8
2.4
VBAT PIN VOLTAGE (V)
VCC PIN VOLTAGE (V)
QUIESCENT CURRENT (µA)
50
2.0
ENABLE VOLTAGE
IS HYSTERETIC
2.5
80
350
VCC Minimum Operating Voltage
TA = 25°C
100
400
3420 G15
2.6
120
450
3420 G14
Quiescent Current in Refresh Mode
140
500
300
350
300
550
FIGURE 2 CIRCUIT
VCC = VBAT = 3.3V
TA = 25°C
2.3
2.2
V+
V–
2.1
2.0
V+
1.6
V–
1.4
1.2
1.9
60
2.5
4.0
5.5
7.0
8.5
10
1.8
–50 –25
0
25
50
75
100
125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
VCC (V)
3420 G16
1.0
–50 –25
0
25
50
75
100
125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
3420 G17
3420 G18
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LT3420/LT3420-1
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PI FU CTIO S
RREF (Pin 1): Reference Resistor Pin. Place a resistor (R2)
from the RREF pin to GND. 2k is recommended.
VBAT (Pin 2): Battery Voltage Input. This pin should be
connected to the power supply or battery, which supplies
power to transformer T1. Must be locally bypassed.
RFB (Pin 3): Feedback Resistor Pin. Place a resistor (R1)
from the SW pin to the RFB pin. Set R1 according to the
following formula:
R2
R1 =
[(1.4 • R
N
R1 =
R2
[(RSEC ) + N(VOUT + 2VD )] (LT3420-1)
N2
2
SEC ) + N(VOUT
]
+ 2VD ) (LT3420)
VOUT : Desired Output Voltage
N: Transformer Turns Ratio
RSEC: Transformer Secondary Resistance
VD: Diode Forward Voltage Drop
R2: Resistor from the RREF Pin to GND. 2k is a Typical
Choice
VCC (Pin 4): Input Supply Pin. Must be locally bypassed
with a 4.7µF or larger ceramic capacitor.
GND (Pin 5): Ground. Tie directly to local ground plane.
SW (Pin 6): Switch Pin. This is the collector of the internal
NPN power switch. Minimize the metal trace area connected to this pin to minimize EMI.
SEC (Pin 7): Transformer Secondary Pin. Tie one end of
the transformer secondary to this pin. Take care to use the
correct phasing of the transformer (Refer to Figures 1
and 2).
DONE (Pin 8): Done Output Pin. Open collector NPN
output. DONE is pulled low whenever the chip is delivering
power to the output and goes high when power delivery
stops.
CHARGE (Pin 9): Charge Pin. Drive CHARGE high (1.5V or
more) to commence charging of the output capacitor.
Drive to 0.2V or less to put the part in shutdown mode.
CT (Pin 10): Refresh Timer Capacitor Pin. Place a capacitor
from the CT pin to GND to set the refresh timer sample rate
according to the following formula:
CT = 2.5 • 10 –6 • tREFRESH
tREFRESH: Desired Refresh Period in Seconds.
EXPOSED PAD (Pin 11) (DD Package only): GND. Must be
soldered to local ground plane on PCB.
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LT3420/LT3420-1
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BLOCK DIAGRA S
T1
1:12
VBAT
VOUT
D1
C1
SECONDARY
PRIMARY
R1
R2
DONE
RFB
VBAT
8
2
SW
RREF
3
1
6
C4
PHOTOFLASH
CAPACITOR
D3
CT
10
REFRESH
TIMER
Q5
R
Q3
S
+
Q1
Q
DRIVER
C3
+
ENABLE
Q
+
1V
REFERENCE
–
4
A2
ONESHOT
GND
0.25Ω
+–
7
SEC
POWER DELIVERY BLOCK
CHIP
ENABLE
VCC
5
10mV
+
VCC
9
+–
Q4
R
A3
CHARGE
0.014Ω
20mV
–
S
MASTER
LATCH
A1
–
Q
ONESHOT
Q2
BLOCK
ENABLE
LT3420
C2
3420 F03
Figure 3. Block Diagram, LT3420
T1
1:10
VBAT
VOUT
D1
C1
SECONDARY
PRIMARY
R1
R2
DONE
8
RFB
VBAT
2
3
SW
RREF
1
6
C4
PHOTOFLASH
CAPACITOR
D3
CT
10
REFRESH
TIMER
Q5
R
Q3
S
+
Q1
Q
DRIVER
C3
+
ENABLE
A1
Q
+
–
4
ONESHOT
VCC
A2
CHIP
ENABLE
5
1V
REFERENCE
GND
10mV
+
VCC
9
0.02Ω
+–
Q4
R
A3
CHARGE
20mV
–
S
MASTER
LATCH
ONESHOT
–
Q
Q2
BLOCK
ENABLE
0.66Ω
+–
7
SEC
POWER DELIVERY BLOCK
LT3420-1
C2
3420 F04
Figure 4. Block Diagram, LT3420-1
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LT3420/LT3420-1
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OPERATIO
Overview
The following text focuses on the operation of the LT3420.
The operation of the LT3420-1 is nearly identical with the
differences discussed at the end of this section.
The LT3420 uses an adaptive on-time/off-time control
scheme to provide excellent efficiency and precise control
of switching currents. Please refer to Figure 3 for the following overview of the part’s operation. At any given instant,
the master latch determines which mode the LT3420 is in:
“charging” or “refresh”. In charging mode, the circuitry
enclosed by the smaller dashed box is enabled, providing
power to charge photoflash capacitor C1. The output voltage is monitored via the flyback pulse on the primary of the
transformer. When the target output voltage is reached, the
charging mode is terminated and the part enters the refresh
mode. In refresh mode, the power delivery block is disabled,
reducing quiescent current, while the refresh timer is enabled. The refresh timer simply generates a user programmable delay, after which the part reenters the charging
mode. Once in the charging mode, the LT3420 will again
provide power to the output until the target voltage is
reached. Figure 5 is an oscillograph photo showing both the
initial charging of the photoflash capacitor and the subsequent refresh action. The upper waveform is the output
voltage. The middle waveform is the voltage on the CT pin.
The lower waveform shows the input current. The mode of
the part is indicated below the photo.
The user can defeat the refresh timer and force the part
into charging mode by toggling the CHARGE pin
VOUT
100V/DIV
VCT
1V/DIV
IIN
1A/DIV
MODE SHUTDOWN
CHARGING
1s/DIV
REFRESH
3420 F05
Figure 5. Demonstrating 3 Operating Modes of LT3420:
Shutdown, Charging and Refresh of Photoflash Capacitor
(high→low→high). The low to high transition on the
CHARGE pin fires a one-shot that sets the master latch,
putting the part in charging mode. Bringing CHARGE low
puts the part in shutdown. The refresh timer can be
programmed to wait indefinitely by simply grounding the
CT pin. In this configuration, the LT3420 will only reenter
the charging mode by toggling the CHARGE pin.
Power Delivery Block
The power delivery block consists of all circuitry enclosed
by the smaller dashed box in Figure 3. This circuit block
contains all elements needed for charging and output
voltage detection. To better understand the circuit operation, follow the subsequent description of one cycle of
operation and refer to Figure 6. Assume that initially there
is no current in the primary or secondary of the transformer, so the output of comparator A1 is low, while that
of A2 is high (note the small offset voltages at the inputs
of A1 and A2). The SR latch is thus set and the power NPN
switch, Q1, is turned on. Current increases linearly in the
primary of the transformer at a rate determined by the VBAT
voltage and the primary inductance of the transformer. As
the current builds up, the voltage across the 14mΩ
resistor increases. When this voltage exceeds the 20mV
offset voltage of A1, the output of A1 goes high, resetting
the SR latch and turning off Q1. The current needed to
reset the latch is approximately 1.4A (~20mV/14mΩ).
When Q1 turns off, the secondary side current quickly
jumps from zero current to the primary side current divided by N (the turns ratio of transformer T1). In this example, the peak secondary current is 116mA (1.4A/12).
Diode D1 now conducts, providing power to the output.
Since a positive voltage exists across the secondary winding of the transformer, the secondary current decreases
linearly at a rate determined by the secondary inductance
and the output voltage (neglecting the diode voltage drop).
When the secondary side current drops below 40mA
(10mV/0.25Ω), the output of A2 goes high, setting the SR
latch and turning on Q1. The initial primary current is simply the minimum secondary current times N, in this case
0.48A (40mA • 12) . Q1 will now remain on until the primary current again reaches 1.4A. This cycle of operation
repeats itself, automatically adjusting the On and Off times
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LT3420/LT3420-1
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OPERATIO
ISW
1A/DIV
ISW
1A/DIV
ISEC
200mA/DIV
ISEC
200mA/DIV
VSW
20V/DIV
VSW
20V/DIV
2µs/DIV
3420 F06a
Figure 6a. Switching Waveforms with
VOUT = 100V, VCC = VBAT = 3.3V
of Q1 so that the peak current of Q1 is 1.4A and the minimum secondary current is 40mA (typical values).
The previously described charging cycle must be halted
when the output voltage reaches the desired value. The
LT3420 monitors the output voltage via the flyback pulse
on the SW pin. When Q1 turns off, the secondary side
conducts current turning on diode D1. Since the diode is
conducting and the SEC pin is at nearly ground, the voltage
across the secondary is nearly equal to VOUT. The voltage
across the primary is therefore close to VOUT/N. A current
proportional to VOUT/N flows through R1 and into the RFB
pin. The current flows out of the RREF pin through a resistor creating a ground referred voltage. When this voltage
exceeds an internal 1V reference voltage, the output of
comparator A3 goes high which resets the master latch. The
Q output of the master latch goes low, disabling the entire
power delivery block and enabling the refresh timer.
Leakage Spike Blanking
Another function of the LT3420 is leakage spike blanking
when the power switch, Q1, turns off. Right after Q1 turns
off, a one-shot turns on Q2 for 200ns (typ). With Q2 on,
comparator A3 is disabled. This function may prevent A3
from false tripping on the leakage inductance spike on the
SW pin. In practice, the PNP transistor Q3 filters out the
leakage spike.
Refresh Timer
2µs/DIV
3420 F06b
Figure 6b. Switching Waveforms with
VOUT = 300V, VCC = VBAT = 3.3V
C3, from its initial voltage towards 1V. When the voltage
on C3 reaches 1V, the polarity of the current source changes
and 2.5µA discharges C3. When the voltage on C3 reaches
0.5V, the refresh timer sends a set pulse to the master latch,
which puts the LT3420 into the charging mode.
Interface/Control
The CHARGE pin serves two functions. The first is to
enable or shutdown the part depending on the level of the
pin (high = enable, low = shutdown). The second is to
force the part into the charging mode (low→high transition). The LT3420 also has a DONE pin, which signals
whether or not the part is done charging the photoflash
capacitor. The DONE pin is an open collector NPN switch
(Q5) so an external pull-up resistor is needed. Whenever
the part is in charging mode, DONE will be low. DONE will
go high when the charging mode is complete. Both the
CHARGE and DONE pins can be easily interfaced to a
microprocessor in a digital or film camera.
LT3420-1 Differences
The LT3420-1 has different primary and secondary current limit levels. The primary current limit level of the
LT3420-1 is 1A (typ) and the secondary current limit is
15mA (typ). The LT3420-1 has no leakage spike blanking
which causes no problems since the PNP transistor, Q3,
provides adequate filtering. Finally, the breakdown voltage
of the SW pin of the LT3420-1 is higher at 50V.
When the refresh timer is enabled, a 2.5µA current source
is switched on, charging up the external timing capacitor,
3420fb
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LT3420/LT3420-1
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COMPONENT SELECTION
Transformer Primary Inductance
Choosing the Right Transformer
A flyback transformer needs to store substantial amounts
of energy in the core during each switching cycle. The
transformer, therefore, will generally require an air gap.
The use of an air gap in the core makes the energy storage
ability, or inductance, much more stable with temperature
and variations in the core material. Most core manufacturers will supply standard sizes of air gaps with a given type
of core, resulting in different AL values. AL is the inductance of a particular core per square turns of winding. To
get a certain inductance, simply divide the desired inductance by the AL value and take the square root of the result
to find the number of turns needed on the primary of the
transformer.
The flyback transformer plays a key role in any LT3420/
LT3420-1 application. A poorly designed transformer can
result in inefficient operation. Linear Technology Corporation has worked with a number of transformer manufacturers to develop specific transformers for use with the
LT3420/LT3420-1. These predesigned transformers are
sufficient for a large majority of the applications that may
be encountered. In some cases, the reader may choose to
design his own transformer or may simply be curious about
the issues involved in designing the transformer. The following is a brief discussion of the issues relating to transformer design.
Transformer Turns Ratio
The turns ratio for the transformer, N, should be high
enough so that the absolute maximum voltage rating for
the NPN power switch is not exceeded. When the power
switch turns off, the voltage on the collector of the switch
(SW Pin) will “fly” up to the output voltage divided by N
plus the battery voltage (neglecting the voltage drop
across the rectifying diodes). This voltage should not
exceed the 38V (LT3420) or 50V (LT3420-1) breakdown
rating of the power switch.
Choose the minimum N by the following formula.
VOUT
(LT3420)
38 – VBAT
VOUT
NMIN ≥
(LT3420 − 1)
50 – VBAT
NMIN ≥
For an LT3420 design, a 5V battery voltage and a 330V
output results in a NMIN of 10 so a turns ratio of 10 or greater
should be used.
The LT3420/LT3420-1 detect the output voltage via the
flyback pulse on the SW pin. Since this can only occur
while the power switch is off, an important criteria is that
the value of the primary inductance of the transformer be
larger than a certain minimum value. The switch off time
should be 500ns or larger for the LT3420 and 350ns or
larger for the LT3420-1. The minimum inductance can be
calculated with the following formula:
LPRI ≥
500 • 10 –9 • VOUT
N • (1.4 – 0.04N)
LPRI ≥
350 • 10 –9 • VOUT
(LT3420 − 1)
N • (1.0 – 0.015N)
(LT3420)
VOUT: Target Output Voltage
N: Transformer Turns Ratio
Transformer Leakage Inductance
The leakage inductance of the transformer must be carefully minimized for both proper and efficient operation of
the part. The DC voltage rating of the SW pin on the LT3420
is 38V while on the LT3420-1 it is 50V. These ratings are
for DC blocking voltages only and additional precautions
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10
LT3420/LT3420-1
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must be taken into account for the dynamic blocking
voltage capabilities of the LT3420/LT3420-1. The dynamic
blocking voltage capability of both parts is 38V.
Table 1 summarizes the various breakdown voltages of the
SW pin for both parts.
Table 1. SW Pin Voltage Ratings
PART
SW PIN DC RATING
SW PIN DYNAMIC RATING
LT3420
38V
38V
LT3420-1
50V
38V
Figure 7 shows what to examine in a new transformer
design to determine if the specifications for the SW pin are
met.
The first leakage inductance spike labeled “A” must not
exceed the dynamic rating of the SW pin. If it does exceed
the rating, then the transformer leakage inductance must
be lowered. The flyback waveform after the initial spike
labeled “B” must not exceed the DC rating of the SW pin.
If it does exceed the rating, then the turns ratio of the
transformer must be lowered. In measuring the voltage on
the SW pin, care must be taken in minimizing the ground
loop of the voltage probe. Careless probing will result in
inaccurate readings.
Note also the magnitude of the initial current spike in the
primary of the transformer labeled “C” when the power
switch turns on. If the leakage inductance is lowered to a
very low level, the internal capacitances of the transformer
will be high. This will result in the initial spike of current in
the primary becoming excessively high. The level of “C”
should be kept to 4A or less in a typical design for both the
LT3420 and LT3420-1. Please note that by inserting a loop
of wire in the primary to measure the primary current, the
leakage inductance of the primary will be made artificially
high. This may result in erroneous voltage measurements
on the SW pin.
The measurements shown in Figure 7 should be made
with both VOUT and VBAT at the maximum levels for the
given application. This results in the highest voltage and
current stress on the SW pin.
Transformer Secondary Capacitance
The total capacitance of the secondary should be minimized for both efficient and proper operation of the LT3420/
LT3420-1. Since the secondary of the transformer undergoes large voltage swings (approaching 600VP-P), any
capacitance on the secondary can severely affect the
“C”
MUST BE LESS THAN 4A
FOR BOTH THE LT3420
AND LT3420-1
IPRI
0A
“B”
MUST BE LESS THAN 38V
FOR THE LT3420
MUST BE LESS THAN 50V
FOR THE LT3420-1
“A”
VSW
MUST BE LESS THAN 38V
FOR BOTH THE LT3420
AND LT3420-1
0V
3420 F07
Figure 7. New Transformer Design Check (Not to Scale)
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11
LT3420/LT3420-1
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efficiency of the circuit. In addition, the effective capacitance on the primary is largely dominated by the actual
secondary capacitance. This is simply a result of any
secondary capacitance being multiplied by N2 when reflected to the primary. Since N is generally 10 or higher, a
small capacitance of 10pF on the secondary is 100 times
larger, or 1.0nF, on the primary. This capacitance forms a
resonant circuit with the primary leakage inductance of the
transformer. As such, both the primary leakage inductance and secondary side capacitance should be minimized.
Table 2 shows various predesigned transformers along
with relevant parameters. Contact the individual transformer manufacturer for additional information or
customization.
Table 2a. Predesigned Transformers, LT3420
PART
SRW10EPC
-U01H003
6375-T108
SBL-6.4
TURNS L
SIZE
RATIO (µH) LxWxH (mm) VENDOR
1:12
24 10.9x10.8x5.2 TDK
(847) 803-6100
www.components.tdk.com
1:12
15 10.8x9.5x3.6 Sumida
(847) 956-0666
www.sumida.com
1:12 17.5 10.3x6.4x5.2 Kijima Musen
852-2489-8266
[email protected]
Table 2b. Predesigned Transformers, LT3420-1
PART
SBL-5.6S-2
TURNS L
RATIO (µH)
1:10
15
LDT565630T 1:10.2 14.5
-002
SIZE
LxWxH (mm) VENDOR
5.6x8.5x3.0 Kijima Musen
852-2489-8266
[email protected]
5.8x5.8x3.0 TDK
(847) 803-6100
www.components.tdk.com
DIODE SELECTION
The rectifying diode(s) should be low capacitance type
with sufficient reverse voltage and forward current ratings. The peak reverse voltage that the diode(s) will see is
approximately:
VPK-R ≈ ( VOUT + (N • VBAT )) • 1.65
The peak current of the diode is simply:
1.4A
(LT3420)
N
1.0 A
IPK-SEC =
(LT3420 − 1)
N
IPK-SEC =
For the circuit of Figure 1 with VBAT of 3.3V, VPK-R is 590V
and IPK-SEC is 116mA. Table 3 shows various diodes that
can work with the LT3420/LT3420-1. These are chosen for
low capacitance and high reverse blocking voltage. Use
the appropriate number of diodes to achieve the necessary
reverse breakdown voltage.
Table 3
MAX REVERSE CAPACITANCE
VOLTAGE (V)
(pF)
VENDOR
2x300
5
Vishay
(402) 563-6866
www.vishay.com
BAS21
250
1.5
Philips Semiconductor
(Single diode)
(800) 234-7381
www.philips.com
MMBD3004S
2x300
5
Diodes Inc.
(805) 446-4800
www.diodes.com
PART
GSD2004S
(Dual diode)
3420fb
12
LT3420/LT3420-1
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CAPACITOR SELECTION
The VBAT and VCC decoupling capacitors should be multilayer ceramic type with X5R or X7R dielectric. This insures
adequate decoupling across wide ambient temperature
ranges. A good quality ceramic capacitor is also recommended for the timing capacitor on the CT pin. Avoid Y5V
or Z5U dielectrics.
Selectively Disabling the LT3420/LT3420-1
The LT3420/LT3420-1 can be disabled at any time, even
during the charge phase. This may be useful when a digital
camera enters a sensitive data acquisition phase. Figure 8
illustrates this feature. Midway through the charge cycle,
the CHARGE pin is brought low, which disables the part.
After the sensitive data operation is complete, the CHARGE
pin is brought high and the charging operation continues.
Measuring Efficiency
Measuring the efficiency of a circuit designed to charge
large capacitive loads is a difficult issue, particularly with
photoflash capacitors. The ideal way to measure the
efficiency of a capacitor charging circuit would be to find
the energy delivered to the output capacitor (0.5 • C • V 2)
and divide it by the total input energy. This method does
not work well here because photoflash capacitors are far
from ideal. Among other things, they have relatively high
leakage currents, large amounts of dielectric absorption,
and significant voltage coefficients. A much more accurate, and easier, method is to measure the efficiency as a
function of the output voltage. In place of the photoflash
capacitor, use a smaller, high quality capacitor, reducing
errors associated with the non-ideal photoflash capacitor.
Using an adjustable load, the output voltage can be set
anywhere between ground and the maximum output
voltage. The efficiency is measured as the output power
(VOUT • IOUT) divided by the input power (VIN • IIN). This
method also provides a good means to compare various
charging circuits since it removes the variability of the
photoflash capacitor from the measurement. The total
efficiency of the circuit, charging an ideal capacitor, would
be the time average of the given efficiency curve, over time
as VOUT changes.
Adjustable Input Current
With many types of modern batteries, the maximum
allowable current that can be drawn from the battery is
limited. This is generally accomplished by active circuitry
or a polyfuse. Different parts of a digital camera may
require high currents during certain phases of operation
and very little at other times. A photoflash charging circuit
should be able to adapt to these varying currents by
drawing more current when the rest of the camera is
drawing less, and vice-versa. This helps to reduce the
charge time of the photoflash capacitor, while avoiding the
VOUT
50V/DIV
VCHARGE
CHARGE
NO
CHARGE
5V/
DIV
0.5s/DIV
3420 F08
Figure 8. Halting the Charge Cycle at Any Time
3420fb
13
LT3420/LT3420-1
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risk of drawing too much current from the battery. The
input current to the LT3420/LT3420-1 circuit can be
adjusted by driving the CHARGE pin with a PWM (pulse
width modulation) signal. The microprocessor can adjust
the duty cycle of the PWM signal to achieve the desired
level of input current. Many schemes exist to achieve this
function. Once the target output voltage is reached, the
PWM signal should be halted to avoid overcharging the
photoflash capacitor, since the signal at the CHARGE pin
overrides the refresh timer.
A simple method to achieve adjustable input current is
shown in Figure 9. The PWM signal has a frequency of
1kHz. When ON is logic high, the circuit is enabled and the
CHARGE pin is driven by the PWM signal. When the target
output voltage is reached, DONE goes high while CHARGE
is also high. The output of A1 goes high, which forces
CHARGE high regardless of the PWM signal. The part is
now in the Refresh mode. Once the refresh period is over,
the DONE pin goes low, allowing the PWM signal to drive
the CHARGE pin once again. This function can be easily
implemented in a microcontroller. Figure 10 shows the
input current for the LT3420 and LT3420-1 as the duty
cycle of the PWM signal is varied.
A1
1kHz PWM
SIGNAL
A2
A3
DONE
CHARGE
TO
LT3420
CIRCUIT
ON
3420 F09
Figure 9. Simple Logic for Adjustable Input Current
INPUT CURRENT (mA)
800
600
LT3420
400
LT3420-1
200
0
10
30
50
70
DUTY CYCLE (%)
90
3420 F10
Figure 10. Input Current as Duty Cycle is Varied
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LT3420/LT3420-1
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BOARD LAYOUT
The high voltage operation of the LT3420/LT3420-1
demands careful attention to board layout. You will not
get advertised performance with careless layout. Figures 11 and 12 show the recommended component
placement. Keep the area for the high voltage end of the
secondary as small as possible. Note the larger than
minimum spacing for all high voltage nodes. This is
necessary to meet the breakdown specifications for the
circuit board. If the Photoflash capacitor is placed far
from the LT3420/LT3420-1 circuit, place a small (20nF50nF) ceramic capacitor with sufficient voltage rating
close to the part. This insures adequate bypassing.
Remember that LETHAL VOLTAGES ARE PRESENT in
this circuit. Use caution when working with the circuit.
CHARGE DONE
R2
C3
PHOTOFLASH
CAPACITOR
–
VCC
+
C2
R1
GND
T1
C1
VOUT
D1B
D1A
VBAT
3420 F11
Figure 11. Suggested Layout (MS10 Package)
CHARGE DONE
R2
C3
PHOTOFLASH
CAPACITOR
–
VCC
+
C2
GND
R1
T1
C1
VOUT
D1B
D1A
VBAT
3420 F12
Figure 12. Suggested Layout (DD Package)
3420fb
15
LT3420/LT3420-1
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TYPICAL APPLICATIO S
Professional Charger uses Multiple LT3420 Circuits in Parallel to Charge Large Photoflash Capacitors Quickly
D1
VBAT
1.8V TO 6V
5, 6
C1
4.7µF
2
VBAT
VCC
2.5V TO 10V
CHARGE
R1
52.3k
3
RFB
+
T1
1:12
3, 4
DANGER HIGH VOLTAGE
OPERATION BY HIGH VOLTAGE
TRAINED PERSONEL ONLY
320V
8
1
650µF*
350V
PHOTOFLASH
CAPACITOR
6
SW
4
VCC
SEC 7
C2
MASTER
4.7µF
LT3420
CHARGER
9
CHARGE
1
8
RREF
DONE
GND
CT
R2
2k
10
5
C3
0.1µF
D2
VBAT
C4
4.7µF
8
5, 6
T2
1:12
3, 4
2
VBAT
6
SW
1
4
VCC
SEC 7
C5
4.7µF
SLAVE**
LT3420
CHARGER
9
CHARGE
1
8
RREF
DONE
GND
CT
VCC
R3
100k
3
RFB
R4
100k
Q1
2N3904
10
5
D3
VBAT
5, 6
C6
4.7µF
8
T3
1:12
3, 4
VCC
C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7: 4.7µF, X5R or X7R, 10V
T1-T3: TDK SRW10EPC-U01H003 FLYBACK TRANSFORMER
D1-D3: VISHAY GSD2004S SOT-23
DUAL DIODE. DIODES CONNECTED IN SERIES
Q1: 2N3904 OR EQUIVALENT
* CAN CHARGE ANY SIZE PHOTOFLASH CAPACITOR
** USE AS MANY SLAVE CHARGERS AS NEEDED.
2
3
VBAT
RFB
6
SW
1
4
VCC
SEC 7
C7
SLAVE**
4.7µF
LT3420
CHARGER
9
CHARGE
1
8
RREF
DONE
GND
CT
10
5
3420 TA01
3420fb
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LT3420/LT3420-1
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TYPICAL APPLICATIO S
LT3420 Photoflash Charging Circuit Uses Small Transformer
DANGER HIGH VOLTAGE
OPERATION BY HIGH VOLTAGE
TRAINED PERSONEL ONLY
VBAT
1.8V TO 5V
C1
4.7µF
T1*
1:12
2
4
VCC
2.5V TO 10V
C2
4.7µF
9
CHARGE
DONE
8
RFB
VCC
D1
5
R1
47.5k
3
2
VBAT
300V
3
1
6
SW
7
SEC
LT3420
CHARGE
DONE
CT
RREF
10
5
C4
220µF
330V
PHOTOFLASH
CAPACITOR
+
1
GND
C3
0.1µF
R2
2k
C1: 4.7µF, X5R or X7R, 6.3V
C2: 4.7µF, X5R or X7R, 10V
C4: RUBYCON 220µF PHOTOFLASH CAPACITOR
3420 TA02
D1: VISHAY GSD2004S SOT-23
DUAL DIODE. DIODES CONNECTED IN SERIES
T1: KIJIMA MUSEN SBL-6.4
* MAXIMUM AMBIENT TEMPERATURE OF 60°C DICTATED BY TRANSFORMER
Efficiency
90
VCC = VBAT = VIN
80
EFFICIENCY (%)
VIN = 5V
VIN = 3.3V
70
60
50
40
50
100
150
200
250
VOUT (V)
300
350
3420 TA03
3420fb
17
LT3420/LT3420-1
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PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO
MS Package
10-Lead Plastic MSOP
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1661)
0.889 ± 0.127
(.035 ± .005)
5.23
(.206)
MIN
3.20 – 3.45
(.126 – .136)
3.00 ± 0.102
(.118 ± .004)
(NOTE 3)
0.50
0.305 ± 0.038
(.0197)
(.0120 ± .0015)
BSC
TYP
RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT
0.254
(.010)
10 9 8 7 6
3.00 ± 0.102
(.118 ± .004)
(NOTE 4)
4.90 ± 0.152
(.193 ± .006)
DETAIL “A”
0.497 ± 0.076
(.0196 ± .003)
REF
0° – 6° TYP
GAUGE PLANE
1 2 3 4 5
0.53 ± 0.152
(.021 ± .006)
DETAIL “A”
0.86
(.034)
REF
1.10
(.043)
MAX
0.18
(.007)
SEATING
PLANE
0.17 – 0.27
(.007 – .011)
TYP
0.50
(.0197)
BSC
0.127 ± 0.076
(.005 ± .003)
MSOP (MS) 0603
NOTE:
1. DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETER/(INCH)
2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE
3. DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS.
MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.152mm (.006") PER SIDE
4. DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS.
INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.152mm (.006") PER SIDE
5. LEAD COPLANARITY (BOTTOM OF LEADS AFTER FORMING) SHALL BE 0.102mm (.004") MAX
3420fb
18
LT3420/LT3420-1
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PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO
DD Package
10-Lead Plastic DFN (3mm × 3mm)
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1699)
0.675 ±0.05
3.50 ±0.05
1.65 ±0.05
2.15 ±0.05 (2 SIDES)
PACKAGE
OUTLINE
0.25 ± 0.05
0.50
BSC
2.38 ±0.05
(2 SIDES)
R = 0.115
TYP
6
RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD PITCH AND DIMENSIONS
3.00 ±0.10
(4 SIDES)
0.38 ± 0.10
10
1.65 ± 0.10
(2 SIDES)
PIN 1
TOP MARK
(SEE NOTE 6)
(DD10) DFN 1103
5
0.200 REF
1
0.25 ± 0.05
0.50 BSC
0.75 ±0.05
0.00 – 0.05
2.38 ±0.10
(2 SIDES)
BOTTOM VIEW—EXPOSED PAD
NOTE:
1. DRAWING TO BE MADE A JEDEC PACKAGE OUTLINE M0-229 VARIATION OF (WEED-2).
CHECK THE LTC WEBSITE DATA SHEET FOR CURRENT STATUS OF VARIATION ASSIGNMENT
2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE
3. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS
4. DIMENSIONS OF EXPOSED PAD ON BOTTOM OF PACKAGE DO NOT INCLUDE
MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH, IF PRESENT, SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.15mm ON ANY SIDE
5. EXPOSED PAD SHALL BE SOLDER PLATED
6. SHADED AREA IS ONLY A REFERENCE FOR PIN 1 LOCATION ON THE
TOP AND BOTTOM OF PACKAGE
3420fb
Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.
19
LT3420/LT3420-1
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TYPICAL APPLICATIO
LT3420-1 Photoflash Circuit Uses Tiny (3mm Tall) Transformer
T1
1:10.2
VBAT
1.8V TO 6V
C1
4.7µF
VCC
2.5V TO 6V
CHARGE
DONE
8
1
2
3
RFB
VCC
C2
4.7µF
9
Charge Time
10
VOUT CHARGED
FROM 50V TO 320V
8
6
SW
C3
100µF
7
330V
PHOTOFLASH
CAPACITOR
SEC
LT3420-1
CHARGE
8
320V
D1
60.4k
VBAT
4
4
DONE
CT
RREF
10
5
+
TIME (s)
DANGER HIGH VOLTAGE
OPERATION BY HIGH VOLTAGE
TRAINED PERSONEL ONLY
5
COUT = 100µF
4
1
COUT = 40µF
GND
0.1µF
6
2
2k
0
2
C1, C2: 4.7µF, X5R or X7R, 6.3V
C3: RUBYCON 100µF PHOTOFLASH CAPACITOR
T1: TDK LDT565630T-002 FLYBACK TRANSFORMER
D1: VISHAY GSD2004S SOT-23
DUAL DIODE. DIODES CONNECTED IN SERIES
3
4
5
6
VBAT (V)
3420 TA04
3420 TA05
RELATED PARTS
PART NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
COMMENTS
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LTC3406/LTC3406B
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Dual 600mA (IOUT), 1.5MHz, Synchronous Step-Down
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ISD = <1µA, ThinSOT Package
LTC3411
1.25A (IOUT), 4MHz, Synchronous Step-Down
DC/DC Converter
95% Efficiency, VIN = 2.5V to 5.5V, VOUT(MIN) = 0.8V, IQ = 60µA,
ISD = <1µA, MS Package
LTC3425
5A (ISW), 8MHz, Multiphase Synchronous Step-Up
DC/DC Converter
95% Efficiency, VIN = 0.5V to 4.5V, VOUT(MIN) = 5.25V, IQ = 12µA,
ISD = <1µA, QFN Package
LTC3440/LTC3441
600mA/1A (IOUT), 2MHz/1MHz, Synchronous Buck-Boost
DC/DC Converters
95% Efficiency, VIN = 2.5V to 5.5V, VOUT(MIN) = 2.5V, IQ = 25µA,
ISD = <1µA, MS Package
LT3464
85mA (ISW), Constant Off-Time, High Efficiency
Step-Up DC/DC Converter with Integrated Schottky
and Output Disconnect
VIN = 2.3V to 10V, VOUT(MAX) = 34V, IQ = 25µA, ISD = <0.5µA,
ThinSOT Package
LTC3467
1.1A (ISW), 1.3MHz, High Efficiency Step-Up
DC/DC Converter
VIN = 2.4V to 16V, VOUT(MAX) = 40V, IQ = 1.2mA, ISD = <1µA,
ThinSOT Package
LTC3468/LTC3468-1/
LTC3468-2
Photoflash Capacitor Charger in ThinSOT
Fast Photoflash Charge Times; 4.6sec for LT3468, 5.5sec for
LT3468-1, 5.7sec for LT3468-2
ThinsSOT is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation.
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Linear Technology Corporation
LT/LT 0305 REV B • PRINTED IN USA
1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417
(408) 432-1900
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FAX: (408) 434-0507 ● www.linear.com
© LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2002