MIC38C42/3/4/5 Micrel, Inc. MIC38C42/3/4/5 BiCMOS Current-Mode PWM Controllers General Description Features The MIC38C4x are fixed frequency, high performance, current-mode PWM controllers. Micrel’s BiCMOS devices are pin compatible with 384x bipolar devices but feature several improvements. Undervoltage lockout circuitry allows the ’42 and ’44 versions to start up at 14.5V and operate down to 9V, and the ’43 and ’45 versions start at 8.4V with operation down to 7.6V. All versions operate up to 20V. When compared to bipolar 384x devices operating from a 15V supply, start-up current has been reduced to 50µA typical and operating current has been reduced to 4.0 mA typical. Decreased output rise and fall times drive larger MOSFETs, and rail-to-rail output capability increases efficiency, especially at lower supply voltages. The MIC38C4x also features a trimmed oscillator discharge current and bandgap reference. The MIC38C4x denotes 8-pin plastic DIP, SOIC, and MSOP packages. MIC384Cx-1 denotes 14-pin plastic DIP and SOIC packages. 8-pin devices feature small size, while 14pin devices separate the analog and power connections for improved perfomance and power dissipation. • Fast 40ns output rise and 30ns output fall times • –40°C to +85°C temperature range meets UC284x specifications • High-performance, low-power BiCMOS Process • Ultralow start-up current (50µA typical) • Low operating current (4mA typical) • CMOS outputs with rail-to-rail swing • ≥ 500kHz current-mode operation • Trimmed 5V bandgap reference • Pin-for-pin compatible with UC3842/3843/3844/3845(A) • Trimmed oscillator discharge current • UVLO with hysteresis • Low cross-conduction currents Applications • • • • • • • Current-mode, off-line, switched-mode power supplies Current-mode, dc-to-dc converters. Step-down “buck” regulators Step-up “boost” regulators Flyback, isolated regulators Forward converters Synchronous FET converters For fast rise and fall times and higher output drive, refer to the MIC38HC4x. Functional Diagram * VDD 7 (12) 35V 5V Reference VREF 8 (14) (VD) UVLO (11) † Oscillator RT/CT 4 (7) FB OUT 2R 2 (3) 2.5V R T Q S R Q 6 (10) ‡ (PGND) (8) * COMP 1 (1) GND* (AGND) ISNS 5 (9) 3 (5) ( ) pins * † ‡ are on MIC38C4x-1 (14-lead) versions only MIC38C4x, (8-lead) versions only MIC38C42, MIC38C43 (96% max. duty cycle) versions only MIC38C44, MIC38C45 (50% max. duty cycle) versions only Micrel, Inc. • 2180 Fortune Drive • San Jose, CA 95131 • USA • tel + 1 (408) 944-0800 • fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 • http://www.micrel.com September 2007 1 M9999-091107 MIC38C42/3/4/5 Micrel, Inc. Ordering Information Part Number* Temperature Range Package Standard Pb-Free MIC38C42BN MIC38C42YN -40°C to +85°C 8-pin Plastic DIP MIC38C43BN MIC38C43YN -40°C to +85°C 8-pin Plastic DIP MIC38C44BN MIC38C44YN -40°C to +85°C 8-pin Plastic DIP MIC38C45BN MIC38C45YN -40°C to +85°C 8-pin Plastic DIP MIC38C42-1BN Contact Factory -40°C to +85°C 14-pin Plastic DIP MIC38C43-1BN Contact Factory -40°C to +85°C 14-pin Plastic DIP MIC38C44-1BN MIC38C44-1YN -40°C to +85°C 14-pin Plastic DIP MIC38C45-1BN Contact Factory -40°C to +85°C 14-pin Plastic DIP MIC38C42BM MIC38C42YM -40°C to +85°C 8-pin SOIC MIC38C43BM MIC38C43YM -40°C to +85°C 8-pin SOIC MIC38C44BM MIC38C44YM -40°C to +85°C 8-pin SOIC MIC38C45BM MIC38C45YM -40°C to +85°C 8-pin SOIC MIC38C42BMM MIC38C42YMM -40°C to +85°C 8-pin MSOP MIC38C43BMM MIC38C43YMM -40°C to +85°C 8-pin MSOP MIC38C44BMM MIC38C44YMM -40°C to +85°C 8-pin MSOP MIC38C45BMM MIC38C45YMM -40°C to +85°C 8-pin MSOP MIC38C42-1BM MIC38C42-1YM -40°C to +85°C 14-pin SOIC MIC38C43-1BM MIC38C43-1YM -40°C to +85°C 14-pin SOIC MIC38C44-1BM MIC38C44-1YM -40°C to +85°C 14-pin SOIC MIC38C45-1BM MIC38C45-1YM -40°C to +85°C 14-pin SOIC * Refer to the Part Number Cross Reference for a listing of Micrel devices equivalent to UC284x and UC384x devices. Selection Guide UVLO Thresholds M9999-091107 Duty Cycle Startup 8.4V Minimum Operating 7.6V Startup 14.5V Minimum Operating 9V 0% to 96% MIC38C43 MIC38C42 0% to 50% MIC38C45 MIC38C44 2 September 2007 MIC38C42/3/4/5 Micrel, Inc. Pin Configuration MIC38C4x-1 COMP 1 MIC38C4x COMP 1 8 VREF 2 7 VDD ISNS 3 6 OUT RT/CT 4 5 GND FB 14 V R E F NC 2 13 N C FB 3 12 VDD NC 4 11 VD ISNS 5 10 OUT 6 9 AGND RT/CT 7 8 P GND NC 8-Pin DIP (N) 8-Pin SOIC (M) 8-Pin MSOP (MM) 14-Pin DIP (-1BN) 14-Pin SOIC (-1BM) Pin Description Pin Number N, M, MM Pin Number -1BN, -1BM Pin Name 1 1 COMP 2 NC Not internally connected. 3 FB Feedback (Input): Error amplifier input. Feedback is 2.5V at desired output voltage. 4 NC Not internally connected. 5 ISNS 6 NC 7 RT/CT 2 3 4 5 GND Pin Function Compensation: Connect external compensation network to modify the error amplifier output. Current Sense (Input): Current sense comparator input. Connect to current sensing resistor or current transformer. Not internally connected. Timing Resistor/Timing Capacitor: Connect external RC network to select switching frequency. Ground: Combined analog and power ground. 8 PGND Power Ground: N-channel driver transistor ground. 9 AGND Analog Ground: Controller circuitry ground. 10 OUT 11 VD Power Supply (Input): P-channel driver transistor supply input. Return to power ground (PGND). 7 12 VDD Analog Supply (Input): Controller circuitry supply input. Return to analog ground (AGND). 13 NC 8 14 VREF 6 September 2007 Power Output: Totem-pole output. Not internally connected. 5V Reference (Output): Connect external RC network. 3 M9999-091107 MIC38C42/3/4/5 Micrel, Inc. Absolute Maximum Ratings Operating Ratings Zener Current (VDD) ................................................... 30mA Operation at ≥18V may require special precautions (Note 6). Supply Voltage (VDD), Note 6........................................ 20V Switch Supply Voltage (VD) ........................................... 20V Current Sense Voltage (VISNS) .......................–0.3V to 5.5V Feedback Voltage (VFB) .................................–0.3V to 5.5V Output Current, 38C42/3/4/5 (IOUT) ............................. 0.5A Storage Temperature (TA)......................... –65°C to +150°C Junction Temperature (TJ) ......................................... 150°C Package Thermal Resistance 8-Pin Plastic DIP (θJA) .......................................125°C/W 8-Pin MSOP (θJA) ..............................................250°C/W 8-Pin SOIC (θJA) ................................................170°C/W 14-Pin Plastic DIP (θJA) ......................................90°C/W 14-Pin SOIC (θJA) ..............................................145°C/W Electrical Characteristics VDD = 15V, Note 4; RT = 11.0k; CT = 3.3nF; –40°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C; unless noted Parameter Test Conditions Min Typ Max Units Output Voltage TA = 25°C, IO = 1mA 4.90 5.00 5.10 V Line Regulation 12V ≤ VDD ≤ 18V, IO = 5µA, Note 6 2 20 mV Load Regulation 1 ≤ IO ≤ 20mA 1 25 mV Temp. Stability Note 1 Total Output Variation Line, Load, Temp., Note 1 Output Noise Voltage 10Hz ≤ f ≤ 10kHz, TA = 25°C, Note 1 50 Long Term Stability TA = 125°C, 1000 hrs., Note 1 5 25 mV –30 –80 –180 mA 49 52 55 kHz 1.0 % Reference Section 0.2 4.82 Output Short Circuit mV/°C 5.18 V µV Oscillator Section Initial Accuracy TA = 25°C, Note 5 Voltage Stability 12 ≤ VDD ≤ 18V, Note 6 0.2 Temp. Stability TMIN ≤ TA ≤ TMAX, Note 1 0.04 Clock Ramp TA = 25°C, VRT/CT = 2V Reset Current TA = TMIN to TMAX Amplitude VRT/CT peak to peak 7.7 7.2 8.4 8.4 %/°C 9.0 9.5 1.9 mA mA Vp-p Error Amp Section Input Voltage VCOMP = 2.5V Input Bias Current VFB = 5.0V AVOL 2 ≤ VO ≤ 4V 65 90 dB Unity Gain Bandwidth Note 1 0.7 1.0 MHz PSRR 12 ≤ VDD ≤ 18V 60 Output Sink Current VFB = 2.7V, VCOMP = 1.1V 2 14 mA Output Source Current VFB = 2.3V, VCOMP = 5V –0.5 –1 mA VOUT High VFB = 2.3V, RL = 15k to ground 5 6.8 V VOUT Low VFB = 2.7V, RL = 15k to VREF M9999-091107 2.42 2.50 2.58 V –0.1 –2 µA dB 0.1 4 1.1 V September 2007 MIC38C42/3/4/5 Parameter Micrel, Inc. Test Conditions Min Typ Max Units Gain Notes 2, 3 2.85 3.0 3.15 V/V MaximumThreshold VCOMP = 5V, Note 2 0.9 1 1.1 V PSRR 12 ≤ VDD ≤ 18V, Note 2 Current Sense 70 dB Input Bias Current –0.1 –2 µA Delay to Output 120 250 ns Output RDS(ON) High RDS(ON) Low ISOURCE = 200mA ISINK = 200mA 20 11 Ω Ω Rise Time TA = 25°C, CL = 1nF 40 80 ns Fall Time TA = 25°C, CL = 1nF 30 60 ns Undervoltage Lockout Start Threshold Minimum Operating Voltage MIC38C42/4 13.5 14.5 15.5 V MIC38C43/5 7.8 8.4 9.0 V MIC38C42/4 8 9 10 V MIC38C43/5 7.0 7.6 8.2 V MIC38C42/3 94 96 % MIC38C44/5 46 50 % Pulse Width Modulator Maximum Duty Cycle Minimum Duty Cycle 0 % Total Standby Current Start-Up Current VDD = 13V for MIC38C42/44 50 200 µA Operating Supply Current VFB = VISNS = 0V 4.0 6.0 mA Zener Voltage (VDD) IDD = 25mA, Note 6 VDD = 7.5V for MIC38C43/45 30 37 V Note 1: These parameters, although guaranteed, are not 100% tested in production. Note 2: Parameter measured at trip point of latch with VEA = 0. Note 3: Gain defined as: ∆VPIN1 ; 0 ≤ VTH (ISNS) ≤ 0.8V A= VTH (ISNS) Note 4: Adjust VDD above the start threshold before setting at 15V. Note 5: Output frequency equals oscillator frequency for the MIC38C42 and MIC38C43. Output frequency for the MIC38C44, and MIC38C45 equals one half the oscillator frequency. Note 6: On 8-pin version, 20V is maximum input on pin 7, as this is also the supply pin for the output stage. On 14-pin version, 40V is maximum for pin 12 and 20V maximum for pin 11. September 2007 5 M9999-091107 MIC38C42/3/4/5 Micrel, Inc. 200pF 470pF 1nF 10 1.8nF 4.7nF 10nF VDD = 15V 100 OUTPUT DEAD TIME (%) RT RESISTANCE (kΩ) 100 MIC38C42/43 Output Dead Time vs. Oscillator Frequency Current Sense Amplifier vs. Error Amplifier Output 1.2 1.0 125°C 0.8 0.6 25°C 0.4 -50°C 0.2 0 0 2 4 6 8 ERROR AMPLIFIER OUTPUT (V) M9999-091107 4.7nF 200pF 10nF 470pF 1nF 1 1x104 VREF SHORT CURCUIT CURRENT (mA) CURRENT SENSE AMP THRESHOLD (V) 1 1x104 1x105 5x105 OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (Hz) 10 VDD = 15V 120 18nF 1x105 FREQUENCY (Hz) 1x106 Short-Circuit Reference Current vs. Temperature 100 80 60 40 20 VDD = 15V 0 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 TEMPERATURE (°C) 6 9.0 Oscillator Discharge Current vs. Temperature 8.8 8.6 8.4 8.2 8.0 7.8 7.6 VDD = 15V VOSC = 2V 7.4 7.2 7.0 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 TEMPERATURE (°C) 25 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) Oscillator Frequency Configuration OSC. DISCHARGE CURRENT (mA) Typical Characteristics MIC38C4x Output Waveform 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 0.0 VD = 15V CL = 1nF 0.2 0.4 0.6 TIME (µs) 0.8 1.0 September 2007 MIC38C42/3/4/5 Micrel, Inc. Application Information When designing high-frequency converters, avoid capacitive and inductive coupling of the switching waveform into highimpedance circuitry such as the error amplifier, oscillator, and current sense amplifier. Avoid long printed-circuit traces and component leads. Locate oscillator and compensation circuitry near the IC. Use high frequency decoupling capacitors on VREF, and if necessary, on VDD. Return high di/dt currents directly to their source and use large area ground planes. Familiarity with 384x converter designs is assumed. The MIC38C4x has been designed to be compatible with 384xA series controllers. MIC38C4x Advantages Start-up Current Start-up current has been reduced to an ultra-low 50µA (typical) permitting higher-valued, lower-wattage, start-up resistors (powers controller during power supply start-up). The reduced resistor wattage reduces cost and printed circuit space. Buck Converter Refer to figure 1. When at least 26V is applied to the input, C5 is charged through R2 until the voltage VDD is greater than 14.5V (the undervoltage lockout value of the MIC38C42). Output switching begins when Q1 is turned on by the gate drive transformer T1, charging the output filter capacitor C3 through L1. D5 supplies a regulated +12V to VDD once the circuit is running. Current sense transformer CT1 provides current feedback to ISNS for current-mode operation and cycle-by-cycle current limiting. This is more efficient than a high-power sense resistor and provides the required ground-referenced level shift. When Q1 turns off, current flow continues from ground through D1 and L1 until Q1 is turned on again. The 100V Schottky diode D1 reduces the forward voltage drop in the main current path, resulting in higher efficiency than could be accomplished using an ultra-fast-recovery diode. R1 and C2 suppress parasitic oscillations from D1. Using a high-value inductance for L1 and a low-ESR capacitor for C3 permits small capacitance with minimum output ripple. This inductance value also improves circuit efficiency by reducing the flux swing in L1. Magnetic components are carefully chosen for minimal loss at 500kHz. CT1 and T1 are wound on Magnetics, Inc. Ptype material toroids. L1 is wound on a Siemens N49 EFD core. Operating Current Operating current has been reduced to 4mA compared to 11mA for a typical bipolar controller. The controller runs cooler and the VDD hold-up capacitance required during start-up may be reduced. Output Driver Complementary internal P- and N-channel MOSFETs produce rail-to-rail output voltages for better performance driving external power MOSFETs. The driver transistor’s low onresistance and high peak current capability can drive gate capacitances of greater than 1000pF. The value of output capacitance which can be driven is determined only by the rise/fall time requirements. Within the restrictions of output capacity and controller power dissipation, maximum switching frequency can approach 500kHz. Design Precautions When operating near 20V, circuit transients can easily exceed the 20V absolute maximum rating, permanently damaging the controller’s CMOS construction. To reduce transients, use a 0.1µF low-ESR capacitor to next to the controller’s supply VDD (or VD for ‘-1’ versions) and ground connections. Film type capacitors, such as Wima MKS2, are recommended. V IN 26V to 40V R2 68k D4 1N765B 0.1µF* D2 M17Z105 1/4W MKS2 C5 4.7µF 4.7Ω R1 10 1/2W C2 1000pF L1 48µH 31DQ10 D1 C3 3.3µF C4 0.1µF 0.1µF 6.8k 100k 1 D3 MBR030 VOUT 12V, 2A Q1 IRF820 CT1 0.22µF 2 3 R4 18 4 MIC38C42 COM P V R E F FB ISNS VDD OU T RT/CT GND C7 200pF R5 16k 8 D5 7 6 5 1N4001 T1 C8 0.1µF 6.19k 1% 1.62k 1% *Locate near MIC38C42 supply pins 0.1µF Figure 1. 500kHz, 25W, Buck Converter September 2007 7 M9999-091107 MIC38C42/3/4/5 Micrel, Inc. Test Conditions Line Regulation VIN = 26V to 80V, IO = 2A Load Regulation VIN = 48V, IO = 0.2A to 2A Efficiency Output Ripple Symbol Custom Coil1 ETS2 0.5% CT1 4923 ETS 92420 0.6% T1 4924 ETS 92419 4925 ETS 92421 Results VIN = 48V, IO = 2A 90% VIN = 48V, IO = 2A (20MHz BW) L1 1. 2. 100mV Synchronous Buck Converter Refer to figure 2. This MIC38C43 synchronous buck converter uses an MIC5022 half-bridge driver to alternately drive the PWM switch MOSFET (driven by GATEH, or high-side output) and a MOSFET which functions as a synchronous rectifier (driven by the GATEL, or low-side output). The low-side MOSFET turns on when the high-side MOSFET is off, allowing current to return from ground. Current flows through the low-side MOSFET in the source to drain direction. Custom Coils, Alcester, SD tel: (605) 934-2460 Energy Transformation Systems, Inc. tel: (415) 324-4949. The on-state voltage drop of the low-side MOSFET is lower than the forward voltage drop of an equivalent Schottky rectifier. This lower voltage drop results in higher efficiency. A sense resistor (5mΩ) is connected to the driver’s highside current sense inputs to provide overcurrent protection. Refer to the MIC5020, MIC5021, and MIC5022 data sheets for more information. +12V 10k MIC5022 0.15µF VDD 0.1µF 6.8k 300k 4.7nF 4.3k 47k 2200 pF 3.3k MIC38C43 COM P V R E F VDD FB ISNS VOUT RT/CT GND NC FL T NC EN 470µF 25V NC GATEH VB SMP60N06-14 5mΩ 35µH V OUT 5V, 8A GATEL IN SH+ CT SH– 0.1µF* MKS2 0.1µF 1000µF Low ESR SL+ GND 10k S L– *Locate near the MIC38C43 supply pins. Figure 2. 100kHz, Synchronous Buck Converter M9999-091107 8 September 2007 MIC38C42/3/4/5 Micrel, Inc. Package Information PIN 1 DIMENSIONS: INCH (MM) 0.380 (9.65) 0.370 (9.40) 0.255 (6.48) 0.245 (6.22) 0.135 (3.43) 0.125 (3.18) 0.300 (7.62) 0.013 (0.330) 0.010 (0.254) 0.018 (0.57) 0.130 (3.30) 0.100 (2.54) 0.0375 (0.952) 0.380 (9.65) 0.320 (8.13) 8-Pin Plastic DIP (N) .770 (19.558) MAX PIN 1 .235 (5.969) .215 (5.461) .060 (1.524) .045 (1.143) .310 (7.874) .280 (7.112) .160 MAX (4.064) .080 (1.524) .015 (0.381) .015 (0.381) .008 (0.2032) .160 (4.064) .100 (2.540) .110 (2.794) .090 (2.296) .023 (.5842) .015 (.3810) .060 (1.524) .045 (1.143) .400 (10.180) .330 (8.362) 14-Pin Plastic DIP (N) September 2007 9 M9999-091107 MIC38C42/3/4/5 Micrel, Inc. 8-Pin SOIC (M) 8-Pin MSOP (MM) M9999-091107 10 September 2007 MIC38C42/3/4/5 Micrel, Inc. 14-Pin SOIC (M) MICREL INC. 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA TEL + 1 (408) 944-0800 FAX + 1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http://www.micrel.com This information furnished by Micrel in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. However no responsibility is assumed by Micrel for its use. Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer. Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A Purchaser's use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is a Purchaser's own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnify Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. © 2000 Micrel Incorporated September 2007 11 M9999-091107