19-1299; Rev 3; 3/09 Single/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply, High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators ____________________________Features The MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 dual/quad/single, highspeed, low-power comparators are optimized for +3V/+5V single-supply applications. They achieve a 20ns propagation delay while consuming only 225µA supply current per comparator. The MAX998 features a low-power shutdown mode that places the output in a high-impedance state and reduces supply current to 1nA. The MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 inputs have a commonmode voltage range that extends 200mV below ground. Their outputs are capable of rail-to-rail operation without external pullup circuitry, making these devices ideal for interface with CMOS/TTL logic. All inputs and outputs can tolerate a continuous short-circuit fault condition to either rail. The comparators’ internal hysteresis ensures clean output switching, even with slow-moving input signals. For space-critical applications, the single MAX998 is available in a 6-pin SOT23 package, the dual MAX976 is available in an 8-pin µMAX® package, and the quad MAX978 is available in a 16-pin QSOP package. ♦ Single-Supply Operation Down to 2.7V ________________________Applications Battery-Powered Systems Threshold Detectors/Discriminators ♦ 20ns Propagation Delay ♦ 225µA Supply Current ♦ 1nA Shutdown Supply Current ♦ Rail-to-Rail Outputs ♦ Ground-Sensing Inputs ♦ Internal Hysteresis Ensures Clean Switching ♦ Available in Space-Saving Packages SOT23 (MAX998) µMAX (MAX976) QSOP (MAX978) _______________Ordering Information PART* MAX976ESA 8 SO — MAX976EUA MAX978ESE 8 µMAX 16 Narrow SO 16 QSOP — — — MAX978EEE 3V Systems IR Receivers MAX998ESA MAX998EUT-T Digital Line Receivers SOT TOP MARK PIN-PACKAGE 8 SO 6 SOT23 — AAAO *All devices are specified over the -40°C to +85°C temperature range. ___________Typical Operating Circuit __________________Pin Configurations TOP VIEW VCC VCC OUT 1 0.1μF VCC RD GND 6 VCC 5 SHDN 4 IN- OUT GND 2 SHDN VCC R1 MAX998 + - MAX998 IN+ 3 R2 VCC SOT23 IR RECEIVER Pin Configurations continued at end of data sheet µMAX a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim's website at www.maxim-ic.com. 1 MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 ________________General Description MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 Single/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply, High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Supply Voltage (VCC).............................................................+6V SHDN (MAX998) .........................................................-0.3V to 6V All Other Pins..............................................-0.3V to (VCC + 0.3V) Current into Input Pins ......................................................±20mA Duration of Output Short Circuit to GND or VCC ........Continuous Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C) 6-Pin SOT23-6 (derate 7.1mW/°C above +70°C) .........571mW 8-Pin µMAX (derate 4.10mW/°C above +70°C) ............330mW 8-Pin SO (derate 5.88mW/°C above +70°C).................471mW 16-Pin Narrow SO (derate 8.70mW/°C above +70°C) ..696mW 16-Pin QSOP (derate 8.33mW/°C above +70°C)..........667mW Operating Temperature Range ..........................-40°C to +85°C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +160°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = +2.7V to +5.5V, VCM = 0V, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL Supply Voltage Range VCC Supply Current per Comparator ICC Shutdown Supply Current ISD CONDITIONS Inferred from PSRR test TYP 2.7 VCC = 5.5V 300 VCC = 2.7V 225 MAX998 only, SHDN = GND Power-Supply Rejection Ratio PSRR 2.7V < VCC < 5.5V Common-Mode Voltage Range VCMR (Note 2) Common-Mode Rejection Ratio CMRR -0.2V ≤ VCM ≤ (VCC - 1.2V) Input Offset Voltage VOS VCC = 5V (Note 3) Input-Referred Hysteresis VHYS VCC = 5V (Note 4) Input Bias Current MIN 66 V 500 100 -0.2 TA = +25°C UNITS 5.5 650 1 63 MAX µA nA dB VCC - 1.2 95 0.2 TA = TMIN to TMAX V dB ±2 ±3 mV MAX976EUA, MAX998EUT 0.3 1.5 5.0 All others 0.5 1.5 4.0 75 300 nA IB mV mV Input Offset Current IOS ±5 ±100 nA OUT Output-Voltage High VOH ISOURCE = 2mA, VCC - VOH 0.1 0.4 V OUT Output-Voltage Low VOL ISINK = 2mA 0.1 0.4 V OUT Short-Circuit Current ISH VCC = 5.5V Input Capacitance CIN SHDN Input-Voltage High VIH MAX998 only SHDN Input-Voltage Low VIL MAX998 only OUT Leakage Current SHDN Input Current Propagation Delay Propagation-Delay Skew IOUT I SHDN tPD Sinking 74 Sourcing 90 mA 3 0.65 x VCC V 0.2 x VCC MAX998 only, SHDN = GND, VOUT = 0V to VCC MAX998 only CLOAD =10pF, VCC = 5V (Note 5) pF V 1 200 nA 1 200 nA Overdrive = 5mV 28 Overdrive = 50mV 20 40 ns tSKEW CLOAD =10pF (Note 6) 2 ns Propagation-Delay Matching Between Channels ΔtPD MAX976/MAX978 only 1 ns Output Rise/Fall Time tR/tF CLOAD =10pF 1.6 ns Shutdown Delay Time tSD MAX998 only, VCC = 5V, ICC = 10% of typical 5 µs 2 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Single/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply, High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators (VCC = +2.7V to +5.5V, VCM = 0V, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS Wake-Up from Shutdown tEN MAX998 only, VCC = 5V, ICC = 90% of typical (Note 7) 15 µs Power-Up Delay tPU VCC = 0V to 5V step, output valid 3 µs Note 1: The MAX998EUT specifications are 100% tested at TA = +25°C. Limits over the extended temperature range are guaranteed by design, not production tested. Note 2: Inferred from CMRR test. Either input can be driven to the absolute maximum limit without false output inversion, as long as the other input is within the common-mode voltage range. Note 3: VOS is defined as the mean of trip points. The trip points are the extremities of the differential input voltage required to make the comparator output change state (Figure 1). Note 4: The difference between the upper and lower trip points is equal to the width of the input-referred hysteresis zone (Figure 1). Note 5: Propagation Delay is guaranteed by design. For low overdrive conditions, VTRIP (Figure 1) is added to the overdrive. Note 6: Propagation-Delay Skew is the difference between the positive-going and the negative-going propagation delay. Note 7: For design purposes, the tEN can be as high as 60µs. __________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (VCC = +5V, VCM = 0V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) -20 0 20 40 60 80 60 40 VCC = 2.7V, SOURCING VCC = 2.7V, SINKING 10 -60 100 -40 -20 0 20 60 TEMPERATURE (°C) 3 VCC = 2.7V 80 MAX976 TOC03 0.6 VCC = 2.7V 0.4 VCC = 5.5V VOD = 50mV CLOAD = 15pF 26 25 24 0.1 100 VCC = 2.7V 23 22 21 20 VCC = 5.5V 19 1 0.8 1 10 100 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) PROPAGATION DELAY vs. CAPACITIVE LOAD 27 PROPAGATION DELAY (ns) 4 1.0 0 40 PROPAGATION DELAY vs. TEMPERATURE 5 1.2 0.2 20 TEMPERATURE (°C) VCC = 5.5V MAZX976 TOC2 50 OUTPUT HIGH VOLTAGE vs. OUTPUT SOURCE CURRENT 6 2 VCC = 5.5V, SINKING 40 VOD = 50mV 35 PROPAGATION DELAY (ns) -40 70 MAZX976 TOC5 -60 80 1.4 30 VCC = 5.5V, VCC = 2.7V, VOUT = LOW VOUT = LOW 125 OUTPUT HIGH VOLTAGE (V) 90 1.6 MAX976 TOC06 225 175 100 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) VCC = 2.7V, VOUT = HIGH 275 VCC = 5.5V, SOURCING OUTPUT LOW VOLTAGE (V) MAX976 TOC01 VCC = 5.5V, VOUT = HIGH 325 110 MAX976 TOC04 SUPPLY CURRENT PER COMPARATOR (μA) 375 OUTPUT LOW VOLTAGE vs. OUTPUT SINK CURRENT SHORT-CIRCUIT OUTPUT CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE SUPPLY CURRENT PER COMPARATOR vs. TEMPERATURE 30 25 20 15 18 10 17 0 0.1 1 10 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 100 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 80 100 10 100 1000 CAPACITIVE LOAD (pF) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) ______________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VCC = +5V, VCM = 0V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) 60 50 40 30 20 10 VTRIP+ 1.0 0.5 VOS 0 -0.5 VTRIP-1.0 1 10 100 MAX976 TOC09 1.5 90 80 VCC = 5.5V 70 60 VCC = 2.7V 50 -1.5 -2.0 0 100 MAX976 TOC08 70 2.0 INPUT BIAS CURRENT (nA) PROPAGATION DELAY (ns) MAX976 TOC07 CLOAD = 15pF TRIP POINTS/OFFSET VOLTAGE (mV) 90 80 INPUT BIAS CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE TRIP POINTS AND OFFSET VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE PROPAGATION DELAY vs. INPUT OVERDRIVE 40 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 -60 TEMPERATURE (°C) INPUT OVERDRIVE (mV) -40 -20 0 20 40 MAX976 TOC10 VCC = 2.7V VCC = 5.5V 10 80 100 PROPAGATION DELAY (tPD-, VCC = 3V) MAX976 TOC11 100 60 TEMPERATURE (°C) PROPAGATION DELAY (tPD+, VCC = 3V) INPUT BIAS CURRENT vs. INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE INPUT BIAS CURRENT (nA) MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 Single/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply, High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators MAX976 TOC12 VOD = 50mV CLOAD = 15pF VIN+ 50mV/div VIN+ 50mV/div VOUT 1V/div VOUT 1V/div 1 0.1 CLOAD = 15pF VOD = 50mV 0.01 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 10ns/div 6 10ns/div INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V) PROPAGATION DELAY (tPD+, VCC = 5V) PROPAGATION DELAY (tPD-, VCC = 5V) MAX976 TOC13 10MHz RESPONSE MAX976 TOC14 MAX976 TOC15 VOD = 50mV CLOAD = 15pF INPUT 50mV/div VOS VIN+ 50mV/div VIN+ 50mV/div VCC OUTPUT 2V/div VOUT 2V/div VOUT 2V/div 10ns/div 4 GND VOD = 50mV CLOAD = 15pF 10ns/div 20ns/div _______________________________________________________________________________________ Single/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply, High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators SHUTDOWN DELAY TIME WAKE-UP FROM SHUTDOWN MAX976 TOC16 MAX976 TOC17 VIN+ > VIN- VIN+ > VIN- SHDN 2V/div SHDN 2V/div VOUT 2V/div VOUT 2V/div 200ns/div 5μs/div ______________________________________________________________Pin Description PIN MAX976 MAX978 MAX998 SO/µMAX SO/QSOP SOT23-6 SO 1, 3 1, 3, 5, 7 3 3 IN_+ Comparator Noninverting Input 2, 4 2, 4, 6, 8 4 2 IN_- Comparator Inverting Input 5 9, 13 2 4 GND Ground 6, 7 10, 11, 14, 15 1 6 OUT_ Comparator Output NAME FUNCTION 8 12, 16 6 7 VCC Supply Voltage, +2.7V to +5.5V — — — 1, 5 N.C. No Connection. Not internally connected. — — 5 8 SHDN __________________Detailed Description The MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 dual/quad/single comparators operate from a single +2.7V to +5.5V supply. They achieve a 20ns propagation delay while consuming only 225µA of supply current per comparator. The MAX998 features a low-power shutdown mode that places the output in a high-impedance state and reduces supply current to 1nA. Activate shutdown mode by driving SHDN low. The MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 comparator inputs have a common-mode voltage range of -0.2V to (VCC - 1.2V). Shutdown Input. Drive low for shutdown mode. Drive high or connect to VCC for normal operation. Either input can be driven to the Absolute Maximum Ratings limit without false output inversion, as long as the other input is within the Common-Mode Voltage Range. Their push/pull output structure is capable of rail-to-rail operation without external pull-up circuitry, making these devices ideal for interfacing with CMOS/TTL logic. All inputs and outputs can tolerate a continuous short-circuit fault condition to either supply. The comparator’s internal hysteresis ensures clean output switching, even with slow-moving input signals. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 ______________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VCC = +5V, VCM = 0V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 Single/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply, High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators Hysteresis High-speed comparators can oscillate in the linear operating region because of noise or undesired parasitic feedback. This tends to occur when the voltage on one input is equal to or very close to the voltage on the other input. The MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 have internal hysteresis to counter parasitic effects and noise. The hysteresis in a comparator creates two trip points: one for the rising input voltage and one for the falling input voltage (Figure 1). The difference between the trip points is the hysteresis. When the comparator input voltages are equal, the hysteresis effectively causes one comparator input voltage to move quickly past the other, taking the input out of the region where oscillation occurs. Figure 1 illustrates the case where IN- has a fixed voltage applied and IN+ is varied. If the inputs were reversed, the figure would be the same, except with an inverted output. Input-Stage Circuitry The MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 input common-mode voltage range is from -0.2V to (VCC - 1.2V). The voltage range for each comparator input extends to both VCC and GND. The output remains in the correct logic state while one or both of the inputs are within the commonmode range. If both input levels are out of the commonmode range, input-stage current saturation occurs, and the output becomes unpredictable. Shutdown Mode The MAX998 features a low-power shutdown mode, which is activated by forcing SHDN low. Shutdown mode reduces the supply current to 1nA (typical), disables the comparator, and places the output in a highimpedance state. Drive SHDN high to enable the comparator. Do not leave SHDN unconnected. Since it is a high-impedance input, leaving SHDN unconnected could result in indeterminate logic levels, adversely VHYST VTRIP+ VIN+ VTRIP- COMPARATOR OUTPUT VOS = VTRIP+ + VTRIP2 VIN- = 0 VOH VOL Figure 1. Input and Output Waveforms, Noninverting Input Varied 6 affecting comparator operation. Likewise, do not threestate SHDN. Due to the output leakage currents of three-state devices and the small internal current for SHDN, three-stating this pin could also result in indeterminate logic levels. The maximum input voltage for SHDN is 6V, referred to GND, and is not limited by VCC. This allows the use of 5V logic to drive SHDN while VCC operates at a lower voltage, such as 3V. The logic threshold limits for SHDN are proportional to V CC (see Electrical Characteristics). _____________Applications Information Circuit Layout and Bypassing The MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 have a high-gain bandwidth and require careful board layout. We recommend the following design guidelines: 1) Use a printed circuit board with an unbroken, lowinductance ground plane. Surface-mount components are recommended. 2) Place a decoupling capacitor (a 0.1µF ceramic capacitor is a good choice) between V CC and ground as close to the pins as possible. 3) Keep lead lengths short on the inputs and outputs to avoid unwanted parasitic feedback around the comparators. 4) Solder the devices directly to the printed circuit board instead of using a socket. 5) Minimize input impedance. 6) For slowly varying inputs, use a small capacitor (~1000pF) across the inputs to improve stability. Additional Hysteresis Generate additional hysteresis with three resistors using positive feedback, as shown in Figure 2. This positive feedback method slows the hysteresis response time. Calculate resistor values as follows: 1) Select R3. The leakage current of IN+ is typically 75nA, so the current through R3 should be at least 1.0µA to minimize errors caused by leakage current. The current through R3 at the trip point is (VREF VOUT) / R3. Consider the two possible output states when solving for R3. The two formulas are: R3 = VREF / 1.0µA or R3 = (VCC - VREF) / 1.0µA Use the smaller of the two resulting resistor values. For example, if VREF = 1.2V and VCC = 5.0V, the two resistor values are 1.2MΩ and 3.8MΩ. Choose a standard value for R3 of 1.2MΩ. _______________________________________________________________________________________ Single/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply, High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators Window Comparator VCC R1 0.1μF VIN VCC R2 OUT GND VREF MAX976 MAX978 MAX998 Figure 2. Additional Hysteresis 2) Choose the hysteresis band required (VHB). For this example, choose 100mV. 3) Calculate R1. R1 = R3 x (VHB / VCC). Plugging in the values for this example, R1 = 1.2MΩ x (100mV / 5.0V) = 24kΩ 4) Choose the trip point for V IN rising. This is the threshold voltage at which the comparator switches from low to high as VIN rises above the trip point. In this example, choose 3.0V. 5) Calculate R2 as follows: R2 = R2 = 1 ⎛ VTHR ⎞ 1 1 ⎜V ⎟ − R1 − R3 x R1 ⎝ REF ⎠ The MAX976 is ideal for making a window detector (undervoltage/overvoltage detector). The schematic shown in Figure 3 uses a MAX6120 reference and component values selected for a 2.0V undervoltage threshold and a 2.5V overvoltage threshold. Choose different thresholds by changing the values of R1, R2, and R3. OUTA provides an active-low undervoltage indication, and OUTB gives an active-low overvoltage indication. ANDing the two outputs provides an active-high, power-good signal. The design procedure is as follows: 1) Select R1. The leakage current into INB- is normally 75nA, so the current through R1 should exceed 1.0µA for the thresholds to be accurate. R1 values in the 50kΩ to 100kΩ range are typical. 2) Choose the overvoltage threshold (VOTH) when VIN is rising, and calculate R2 and R3 with the following formula: RSUM = R2 + R3 = R1 x [VOTH / (VREF + VH) - 1] where VH = 1/2VHYST. 3) Choose the undervoltage threshold (VUTH) when VIN is falling, and calculate R2 with the following formula: R2 = (R1 + RSUM) x [(VREF - VH) / VUTH] - R1 where VH = 1/2VHYST. 4) Calculate R3 with the following formula: R3 = (RSUM) - R2 5) Verify the resistor values. The equations are as follows: 1 ⎛ 3.0V ⎞ 1 1 − ⎜ ⎟− 24kΩ 1.2M ⎝ 1.2 x 24kΩ ⎠ VOTH = (VREF + VH) x (R1 + R2 + R3) / R1 = 16.2kΩ Choose a standard value for R2 of 16kΩ. 6) Verify the trip voltage and hysteresis as follows: VUTH = (VREF - VH) x (R1 + R2 + R3) / (R1 + R2) R3 82.1kΩ 1% VIN 1 1/2 ⎛ 1 1 1⎞ + + VIN rising: VTHR = VREF x R1 x ⎜ ⎟ R2 R3 ⎠ ⎝ R1 R2 24.9kΩ 1% VCC ⎛ R1 x VCC ⎞ VIN falling : VTHF = VTHR − ⎜ ⎟ R3 ⎝ ⎠ 1 2 MAX976 2 The Typical Operating Circuit shows an application using the MAX998 as an infrared receiver. The infrared photodiode creates a current relative to the amount of infrared light present. This current creates a voltage across RD. When this voltage level crosses the voltage applied by the voltage divider to the inverting input, the output transitions. UNDERVOLTAGE 5 7 3 1/2 IR Receiver 0.1μF 8 POWER GOOD MAX6120 Hysteresis = VTHR − VTHF VCC 4 3 6 OVERVOLTAGE MAX976 R1 100kΩ 1% Figure 3. Window Comparator _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 R3 MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 Single/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply, High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators ______________________________________________Pin Configurations (continued) TOP VIEW MAX978 MAX976 MAX998 N.C. 1 8 IN- 2 IN+ 3 7 + GND 4 6 5 SHDN VCC OUT N.C. INA+ 1 INA- 2 INB+ 3 + + - INB- 4 INA+ 1 8 7 VCC OUTA INA- 2 INB+ 3 INB- 4 6 GND INC- 6 IND+ 7 SO SO/μMAX 16 VCC + - 14 OUTB + - 12 VCC + - 10 OUTD 15 OUTA 13 GND OUTB INC+ 5 5 + - IND- 8 11 OUTC 9 GND SO/QSOP ___________________Chip Information PROCESS: CMOS 8 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Single/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply, High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators PACKAGE TYPE PACKAGE CODE DOCUMENT NO. S8-2 21-0041 S16M-3 21-0041 16 QSOP E16M-1 21-0055 6 SOT23 U6-2 21-0058 8 µMAX U8-1 21-0036 6LSOT.EPS 8 SO 16 SO PACKAGE OUTLINE, SOT 6L BODY 21-0058 I 1 2 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 Package Information For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 Single/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply, High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators Package Information (continued) For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. PACKAGE OUTLINE, SOT 6L BODY 21-0058 10 ______________________________________________________________________________________ I 2 2 Single/Dual/Quad, SOT23, Single-Supply, High-Speed, Low-Power Comparators PAGES CHANGED REVISION NUMBER REVISION DATE 0 10/97 Initial release — 1 1/98 Adding specs for MAX998 — 2 1/07 Adding input current ratings to Abs Max — 3/09 Update Chip Information, Package Info, correct unit measurement in TOC 8, style changes 3 DESCRIPTION 1, 3, 4, 8 Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 ____________________ 11 © 2009 Maxim Integrated Products Maxim is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. MAX976/MAX978/MAX998 Revision History