TI1 OPA681N/3K Wideband, current feedback operational amplifier Datasheet

OPA681
OPA
681
OPA
681
OPA6
81
www.ti.com
Wideband, Current Feedback
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER With Disable
TM
FEATURES
APPLICATIONS
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WIDEBAND +5V OPERATION: 225MHz (G = +2)
UNITY GAIN STABLE: 280MHz (G = 1)
HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT: 150mA
OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING: ±4.0V
HIGH SLEW RATE: 2100V/µs
LOW dG/dφ: .001% /.01°
LOW SUPPLY CURRENT: 6mA
LOW DISABLED CURRENT: 320µA
xDSL LINE DRIVER
BROADBAND VIDEO BUFFERS
HIGH SPEED IMAGING CHANNELS
PORTABLE INSTRUMENTS
ADC BUFFERS
ACTIVE FILTERS
WIDEBAND INVERTING SUMMING
HIGH SFDR IF AMPLIFIER
DESCRIPTION
The OPA681 sets a new level of performance for broadband
current feedback op amps. Operating on a very low 6mA
supply current, the OPA681 offers a slew rate and output
power normally associated with a much higher supply current. A new output stage architecture delivers a high output
current with minimal voltage headroom and crossover
distortion. This gives exceptional single-supply operation.
Using a single +5V supply, the OPA681 can deliver a 1V to
4V output swing with over 100mA drive current and 150MHz
bandwidth. This combination of features makes the OPA681
an ideal RGB line driver or single-supply ADC input driver.
guarantees lower guaranteed maximum supply current than
competing products. System power may be further reduced by
using the optional disable control pin. Leaving this disable pin
open, or holding it high, gives normal operation. If pulled low,
the OPA681 supply current drops to less than 320µA while the
output goes into a high impedance state. This feature may be
used for either power savings or for video MUX applications.
OPA681 RELATED PRODUCTS
Voltage Feedback
Current Feedback
Fixed Gain
The OPA681’s low 6mA supply current is precisely trimmed
at 25°C. This trim, along with low drift over temperature,
SINGLES
DUALS
TRIPLES
OPA680
OPA681
OPA682
OPA2680
OPA2681
OPA2682
OPA3680
OPA3681
OPA3682
+5V
DIS
50Ω
50Ω
VO = – (V1 + V2 + V3 + V4 + V5)
OPA681
V1
RG-58
50Ω
50Ω
V2
50Ω
23.7Ω
V3
100Ω
100MHz, –1dB Compression
= 15dBm
50Ω
V4
50Ω
–5V
V5
200MHz RF Summing Amplifier
Copyright © 1997, Texas Instruments Incorporated
SBOS084A
Printed in U.S.A. February, 2001
SPECIFICATIONS: VS = ±5V
RF = 402Ω, RL = 100Ω, and G = +2, (Figure 1 for AC performance only), unless otherwise noted.
OPA681P, U, N
TYP
CONDITIONS
+25°C
G = +1, RF = 453Ω
G = +2, RF = 402Ω
G = +5, RF = 261Ω
G = +10, RF = 180Ω
G = +2, VO = 0.5Vp-p
RF = 453, VO = 0.5Vp-p
G = +2, VO = 5Vp-p
G = +2, 4V Step
G = +2, VO = 0.5V Step
G = +2, 5V Step
G = +2, VO = 2V Step
G = +2, VO = 2V Step
G = +2, f = 5MHz, VO = 2Vp-p
RL = 100Ω
RL ≥ 500Ω
RL = 100Ω
RL ≥ 500Ω
f > 1MHz
f > 1MHz
f > 1MHz
G = +2, NTSC, VO = 1.4Vp, RL = 150Ω
RL = 37.5Ω
G = +2, NTSC, VO = 1.4Vp, RL = 150Ω
RL = 37.5Ω
280
220
185
180
90
0.4
150
2100
1.7
2.0
12
8
PARAMETER
AC PERFORMANCE (Figure 1)
Small-Signal Bandwidth (VO = 0.5Vp-p)
Bandwidth for 0.1dB Gain Flatness
Peaking at a Gain of +1
Large Signal Bandwidth
Slew Rate
Rise/Fall Time
Settling Time to 0.02%
0.1%
Harmonic Distortion
2nd Harmonic
3rd Harmonic
Input Voltage Noise
Non-Inverting Input Current Noise
Inverting Input Current Noise
Differential Gain
Differential Phase
DC PERFORMANCE(4)
Open-Loop Transimpedance Gain (ZOL)
Input Offset Voltage
Average Offset Voltage Drift
Non-Inverting Input Bias Current
Average Non-Inverting Input Bias Current Drift
Inverting Input Bias Current
Average Inverting Input Bias Current Drift
INPUT
Common-Mode Input Range(5)
Common-Mode Rejection
Non-Inverting Input Impedance
Inverting Input Resistance (RI)
OUTPUT™
Voltage Output Swing
Current Output, Sourcing
Current Output, Sinking
Closed-Loop Output Impedance
DISABLE (Disabled Low)
Power Down Supply Current (+VS)
Disable Time
Enable Time
Off Isolation
Output Capacitance in Disable
Turn On Glitch
Turn Off Glitch
Enable Voltage
Disable Voltage
Control Pin Input Bias Current (DIS)
POWER SUPPLY
Specified Operating Voltage
Maximum Operating Voltage Range
Max Quiescent Current
Min Quiescent Current
Power Supply Rejection Ratio (–PSRR)
TEMPERATURE RANGE
Specification: P, U, N
Thermal Resistance, θJA
P 8-Pin DIP
U SO-8
N SOT23-6
VO = 0V, RL = 100Ω
VCM = 0V
VCM = 0V
VCM = 0V
VCM = 0V
VCM = 0V
VCM = 0V
–79
–85
–74
–77
2.5
12
15
0.001
0.008
0.01
0.05
GUARANTEED
+25°C(2)
0°C to
70°C(3)
–40°C to
+85°C(3)
220
210
190
50
2
45
4
45
1600
1600
1200
–73
–77
–71
–75
3.0
14
18
–70
–70
–71
–74
3.4
15
18
56
100
±1.3
±5
+30
+55
±10
±40
±3.4
Open-Loop
±3.5
52
100 || 2
42
No Load
100Ω Load
VO = 0
VO = 0
G = +2, f = 100kHz
±4.0
±3.9
+190
–150
0.03
±3.8
±3.7
VDIS = 0
–320
100
25
70
4
±50
±20
3.3
1.8
100
VCM = 0V
G = +2, 5MHz
G = +2, RL = 150Ω, VIN = 0
G = +2, RL = 150Ω, VIN = 0
VDIS = 0
+160
–135
MIN/ TEST
MAX LEVEL(1)
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
dB
MHz
V/µs
ns
ns
ns
ns
typ
min
typ
typ
min
max
typ
min
typ
typ
typ
typ
C
B
C
C
B
B
C
B
C
C
C
C
–68
–69
–68
–72
3.6
15
19
dBc
dBc
dBc
dBc
nV/√Hz
pA/√Hz
pA/√Hz
%
%
deg
deg
max
max
max
max
max
max
max
typ
typ
typ
typ
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
C
C
C
C
56
±6.5
+35
±65
–400
±50
–125
56
±7.5
+40
±85
–450
±55
–150
kΩ
mV
µV/°C
µA
nA/°C
µA
nA°/C
min
max
max
max
max
max
max
A
A
B
A
B
A
B
±3.3
46
±3.2
45
V
dB
kΩ || pF
Ω
min
min
typ
typ
A
A
C
C
±3.7
±3.6
+140
–130
±3.6
±3.3
+80
–80
V
V
mA
mA
Ω
min
min
min
min
typ
A
A
A
A
C
typ
typ
typ
typ
typ
typ
typ
min
max
max
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
A
A
A
3.5
1.7
160
3.6
1.6
160
3.7
1.5
160
µA
ns
ns
dB
pF
mV
mV
V
V
µA
±6
±6
6.5
5.5
50
±6
6.6
5.0
49
V
V
mA
mA
dB
typ
max
max
min
min
C
A
A
A
A
–40 to +85
°C
typ
C
100
125
150
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
typ
typ
typ
C
C
C
±5
VS = ±5V
VS = ±5V
Input Referred
47
UNITS
6
6
58
Junction-to-Ambient
6.4
5.6
52
NOTES: (1) Test levels: (A) 100% tested at 25°C. Over temperature limits by characterization and simulation. (B) Limits set by characterization and simulation.
(C) Typical value only for information. (2) Junction temperature = ambient for 25°C guaranteed specifications. (3) Junction temperature = ambient at low temperature
limit: junction temperature = ambient +23°C at high temperature limit for over temperature guaranteed specifications. (4) Current is considered positive out-of-node.
VCM is the input common-mode voltage. (5) Tested < 3dB below minimum specified CMR at ± CMIR limits.
2
OPA681
SBOS084A
SPECIFICATIONS: VS = +5V
RF = 499Ω, RL = 100Ω to VS /2, and G = +2, (Figure 2 for AC performance only), unless otherwise noted.
OPA681P, U, N
TYP
PARAMETER
AC PERFORMANCE (Figure 2)
Small-Signal Bandwidth (VO = 0.5Vp-p)
Bandwidth for 0.1dB Gain Flatness
Peaking at a Gain of +1
Large-Signal Bandwidth
Slew Rate
Rise/Fall Time
Settling Time to 0.02%
0.1%
Harmonic Distortion
2nd Harmonic
3rd Harmonic
Input Voltage Noise
Non-Inverting Input Current Noise
Inverting Input Current Noise
DC PERFORMANCE(4)
Open-Loop Transimpedance Gain (ZOL)
Input Offset Voltage
Average Offset Voltage Drift
Non-Inverting Input Bias Current
Average Non-Inverting Input Bias Current Drift
Inverting Input Bias Current
Average Inverting Input Bias Current Drift
INPUT
Least Positive Input Voltage(5)
Most Positive Input Voltage(5)
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR)
Non-Inverting Input Impedance
Min Inverting Input Resistance (RI )
Max Inverting Input Resistance (RI )
OUTPUT
Most Positive Output Voltage
Least Positive Output Voltage
Current Output, Sourcing
Current Output, Sinking
Closed-Loop Output Impedance
DISABLE (Disable Low)
Power Down Supply Current (+VS)
Disable Time
Enable Time
Off Isolation
Output Capacitance in Disable
Turn On Glitch
Turn Off Glitch
Enable Voltage
Disable Voltage
Control Pin Input Bias Current (DIS)
POWER SUPPLY
Specified Single-Supply Operating Voltage
Max Single-Supply Operating Voltage
Max Quiescent Current
Min Quiescent Current
Power Supply Rejection Ratio (–PSRR)
TEMPERATURE RANGE
Specification: P, U, N
Thermal Resistance, θJA
P 8-Pin DIP
U SO-8
N SOT23-6
GUARANTEED
+25°C(2)
0°C to
70°C(3)
–40°C to
+85°C(3)
180
140
110
50
2
35
4
23
700
680
570
CONDITIONS
+25°C
G = +1, RF = 649Ω
G = +2, RF = 499Ω
G = +5, RF = 360Ω
G = +10, RF = 200Ω
G = +2, VO < 0.5Vp-p
RF = 649Ω, VO < 0.5Vp-p
G = +2, VO = 2Vp-p
G = +2, 2V Step
G = +2, VO = 0.5V Step
G = +2, VO = 2V Step
G = +2, VO = 2V Step
G = +2, VO = 2V Step
G = +2, f = 5MHz, VO = 2Vp-p
RL = 100Ω to VS /2
RL ≥ 500Ω to VS /2
RL = 100Ω to VS /2
RL ≥ 500Ω to VS /2
f > 1MHz
f > 1MHz
f > 1MHz
250
225
180
165
100
0.4
200
830
1.5
2.0
14
9
–70
–72
–72
–73
2.2
12
15
–68
–70
–65
–68
3
14
18
–67
–70
–65
–67
3.4
14
18
VO = VS /2, RL = 100Ω to VS /2
VCM = 2.5V
VCM = 2.5V
VCM = 2.5V
VCM = 2.5V
VCM = 2.5V
VCM = 2.5V
100
±1
±5
60
+40
+65
±5
±20
Open-Loop
Open-Loop
1.5
3.5
51
100 || 2
46
46
No Load
RL = 100Ω to VS /2
No Load
RL = 100Ω to VS /2
VO = VS /2
VO = VS /2
G = +2, f = 100kHz
4
3.9
1
1.1
150
–110
0.03
VDIS = 0
–270
100
25
65
4
±50
±20
3.3
1.8
100
VCM = VS /2
G = +2, 5MHz
G = +2, RL = 150Ω, VIN = VS /2
G = +2, RL = 150Ω, VIN = VS /2
VDIS = 0
MIN/ TEST
MAX LEVEL(1)
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
dB
MHz
V/µs
ns
ns
ns
ns
typ
min
typ
typ
min
max
typ
min
typ
typ
typ
typ
C
B
C
C
B
B
C
B
C
C
C
C
–63
–68
–62
–67
3.6
15
19
dBc
dBc
dBc
dBc
nV/√Hz
pA/√Hz
pA/√Hz
max
max
max
max
max
max
max
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
53
±6.0
+15
+75
–300
±25
–125
51
±7
+20
+95
–350
±35
–175
kΩ
mV
µV/°C
µA
nA/°C
µA
nA /°C
min
max
max
max
max
max
max
A
A
B
A
B
A
B
1.6
3.4
45
1.7
3.3
44
1.8
3.2
44
38
53
36
55
35
60
V
V
dB
kΩ || pF
Ω
Ω
max
min
min
typ
min
max
A
A
A
C
A
A
3.8
3.7
1.2
1.3
110
–75
3.7
3.6
1.3
1.4
110
–70
3.5
3.4
1.5
1.6
60
–50
V
V
V
V
mA
mA
Ω
min
min
max
max
min
min
typ
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
µA
ns
ns
dB
pF
mV
mV
V
V
µA
typ
typ
typ
typ
typ
typ
typ
min
max
typ
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
A
A
C
V
V
mA
mA
dB
typ
max
max
min
typ
C
A
A
A
C
–40 to +85
°C
typ
C
100
125
150
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
typ
typ
typ
C
C
C
3.5
1.7
3.6
1.6
3.7
1.5
12
5.4
4.1
12
5.5
3.7
12
5.5
3.6
5
VS = +5V
VS = +5V
Input Referred
UNITS
5.3
5.3
48
Junction-to-Ambient
NOTES: (1) Test levels: (A) 100% tested at 25°C. Over temperature limits by characterization and simulation. (B) Limits set by characterization and simulation.
(C) Typical value only for information. (2) Junction temperature = ambient for 25°C guaranteed specifications. (3) Junction temperature = ambient at low temperature
limit: junction temperature = ambient +23°C at high temperature limit for over temperature guaranteed specifications. (4) Current is considered positive out-of-node.
VCM is the input common-mode voltage. (5) Tested < 3dB below minimum specified CMR at ±CMIR limits.
OPA681
SBOS084A
3
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Power Supply .............................................................................. ±6.5VDC
Internal Power Dissipation(1) ............................ See Thermal Information
Differential Input Voltage .................................................................. ±1.2V
Input Voltage Range ............................................................................ ±VS
Storage Temperature Range: P, U, N ........................... –40°C to +125°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .............................................. +300°C
Junction Temperature (TJ ) ........................................................... +175°C
NOTE:: (1) Packages must be derated based on specified θJA. Maximum TJ
must be observed.
ELECTROSTATIC
DISCHARGE SENSITIVITY
Electrostatic discharge can cause damage ranging from performance degradation to complete device failure. Burr-Brown Corporation recommends that all integrated circuits be handled and stored
using appropriate ESD protection methods.
ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to
complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more
susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes
could cause the device not to meet published specifications.
PIN CONFIGURATION
Top View
DIP/SO-8
NC
1
8
Top View
SOT23-6
Output
1
6
+VS
–VS
2
5
DIS
Non-Inverting Input
3
4
Inverting Input
DIS
Inverting Input
2
7
+VS
Non-Inverting Input
3
6
Output
6
–VS
4
5
NC
A81
NC = No Connection
1
5
2
4
3
Pin Orientation/Package Marking
PACKAGE/ORDERING INFORMATION
PRODUCT
PACKAGE
PACKAGE
DRAWING
NUMBER(1)
OPA681P
OPA681U
"
OPA681N
"
8-Pin Plastic DIP
SO-8 Surface Mount
"
6-Lead SOT23-6
"
006
182
"
332
"
SPECIFIED
TEMPERATURE
RANGE
PACKAGE
MARKING
ORDERING
NUMBER(2)
TRANSPORT
MEDIA
–40°C to +85°C
–40°C to +85°C
"
–40°C to +85°C
"
OPA681P
OPA681U
"
A81
"
OPA681P
OPA681U
OPA681U/2K5
OPA681N/250
OPA681N/3K
Rails
Rails
Tape and Reel
Tape and Reel
Tape and Reel
NOTES: (1) For detailed drawing and dimension table, please see end of data sheet. (2) Models with a slash (/) are available only as Tape and Reel in the quantity
indicated after the slash (e.g. /2K5 indicates 2500 devices per reel). Ordering 3000 pieces of the OPA681N/3K will get a single 3000-piece Tape and Reel.
4
OPA681
SBOS084A
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES: VS = ±5V
G = +2, RF = 402Ω, and RL = 100Ω, unless otherwise noted (see Figure 1).
SMALL-SIGNAL FREQUENCY RESPONSE
LARGE-SIGNAL FREQUENCY RESPONSE
2
8
G = +1, RF = 453Ω
0
6
–1
5
–2
–3
–4
G = +2, RL = 100Ω
7
G = +2, RF = 402Ω
Gain (1dB/div)
Normalized Gain (1dB/div)
1
G = +5, RF = 261Ω
–5
2Vp-p
4
3
2
4Vp-p
G = +10, RF = 180Ω
–6
7Vp-p
0
–7
–1
–8
–2
0
125MHz
250MHz
0
125MHz
Frequency (25MHz/div)
SMALL-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE
LARGE-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE
+4
G = +2
VO = 5Vp-p
+3
Output Voltage (1V/div)
Output Voltage (100mV/div)
G = +2
VO = 0.5Vp-p
300
200
100
0
–100
–200
+2
+1
0
–1
–2
–3
–300
–4
–400
Time (5ns/div)
Time (5ns/div)
LARGE-SIGNAL DISABLE/ENABLE RESPONSE
4.0
2.0
0
Output Voltage
2.0
1.6
1.2
0.8
G = +2
VIN = +1V
–45
–50
Feedthrough (5dB/div)
VDIS
VDIS (2V/div)
DISABLED FEEDTHROUGH vs FREQUENCY
6.0
0.4
250MHz
Frequency (25MHz/div)
400
Output Voltage (400mV/div)
1Vp-p
1
VDIS = 0
–55
–60
–65
–70
Forward
Reverse
–75
–80
–85
0
–90
–95
Time (50ns/div)
1
10
100
Frequency (MHz)
OPA681
SBOS084A
5
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES: VS = ±5V (Cont.)
G = +2, RF = 402Ω, and RL = 100Ω, unless otherwise noted (see Figure 1).
5MHz 2ND HARMONIC DISTORTION
vs OUTPUT VOLTAGE
5MHz 3RD HARMONIC DISTORTION
vs OUTPUT VOLTAGE
–60
–65
3rd Harmonic Distortion (dBc)
2nd Harmonic Distortion (dBc)
–60
RL = 100Ω
–70
RL = 200Ω
–75
–80
RL = 500Ω
–85
–90
1
RL = 100Ω
–75
RL = 200Ω
–80
–85
10
RL = 500Ω
0.1
1
10
Output Voltage Swing (Vp-p)
Output Voltage Swing (Vp-p)
10MHz 2ND HARMONIC DISTORTION
vs OUTPUT VOLTAGE
10MHz 3RD HARMONIC DISTORTION
vs OUTPUT VOLTAGE
–60
–60
RL = 100Ω
–65
3rd Harmonic Distortion (dBc)
2nd Harmonic Distortion (dBc)
–70
–90
0.1
RL = 200Ω
–70
–75
RL = 500Ω
–80
–85
–90
–65
RL = 100Ω
–70
RL = 200Ω
–75
–80
RL = 500Ω
–85
–90
0.1
1
0.1
10
1
10
Output Voltage Swing (Vp-p)
Output Voltage Swing (Vp-p)
20MHz 2ND HARMONIC DISTORTION
vs OUTPUT VOLTAGE
20MHz 3RD HARMONIC DISTORTION
vs OUTPUT VOLTAGE
–50
–50
RL = 100Ω
–55
3rd Harmonic Distortion (dBc)
2nd Harmonic Distortion (dBc)
–65
RL = 200Ω
–60
–65
RL = 500Ω
–70
–75
–55
RL = 100Ω
–60
–65
RL = 200Ω
–70
–75
RL = 500Ω
–80
–80
0.1
1
Output Voltage Swing (Vp-p)
6
10
0.1
1
10
Output Voltage Swing (Vp-p)
OPA681
SBOS084A
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES: VS = ±5V (Cont.)
G = +2, RF = 402Ω, and RL = 100Ω, unless otherwise noted (see Figure 1).
2ND HARMONIC DISTORTION vs FREQUENCY
3RD HARMONIC DISTORTION vs FREQUENCY
–40
VO = 2Vp-p
RL = 100Ω
–50
G = +10, RF = 180Ω
G = +5, RF = 261Ω
–60
–70
G = +2, RF = 402Ω
–80
3rd Harmonic Distortion (dBc)
2nd Harmonic Distortion (dBc)
–40
–90
–50
G = +10, RF = 180Ω
–60
G = +5, RF = 261Ω
–70
–80
G = +2,
RF = 402Ω
–90
0.1
1
10
20
0.1
1
Frequency (MHz)
INPUT VOLTAGE AND CURRENT NOISE DENSITY
TWO-TONE, 3RD-ORDER
INTERMODULATION SPURIOUS
20
Inverting Input Current Noise
15.1pA/√Hz
10
Non-Inverting Input Current Noise
12.2pA/√Hz
2.2nV/√Hz
3rd-Order Spurious Level (dBc)
–40
Voltage Noise
dBc = dB below carriers
–45
–50
50MHz
–55
–60
–65
–70
20MHz
–75
–80
10MHz
–85
Load Power at Matched 50Ω Load
–90
1
100
1k
10k
100k
1M
10M
–8
–6
–4
Frequency (Hz)
–2
0
2
4
6
8
10
Single-Tone Load Power (dBm)
RECOMMENDED RS vs CAPACITIVE LOAD
FREQUENCY RESPONSE vs CAPACITIVE LOAD
60
Gain to Capacitive Load (3dB/div)
15
50
40
RS (Ω)
10
Frequency (MHz)
100
Current Noise (pA/√Hz)
Voltage Noise (nV/√Hz)
VO = 2Vp-p
RL = 100Ω
30
20
10
12
CL = 10pF
9
CL = 22pF
6
3
CL = 47pF
0
–3
VIN
RS
VO
OPA681
–6
402Ω
–9
CL
1kΩ
402Ω
–12
1kΩ is optional.
0
–15
1
10
Capacitive Load (pF)
OPA681
SBOS084A
100
0
CL = 100pF
150MHz
300MHz
Frequency (30MHz/div)
7
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES: VS = ±5V (Cont.)
G = +2, RF = 402Ω, and RL = 100Ω, unless otherwise noted (see Figure 1).
OPEN-LOOP TRANSIMPEDANCE GAIN/PHASE
120
55
CMRR
50
45
40
35
30
25
100
–40
| ZOL|
80
–80
60
–120
40
–160
20
–200
0
20
102
103
104
105
106
107
104
108
105
106
COMPOSITE VIDEO dG/dφ
TYPICAL DC DRIFT OVER TEMPERATURE
0.05
5
Positive Video
Negative Sync
Input Offset Voltage (mV)
dφ
dG/dφ (%/°)
50
4
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
dG
0
30
2
20
Inverting Input
Bias Current
1
0
2
3
0
VIO
–10
–2
–20
–3
–30
–4
–40
4
–50
–40
–20
0
2
VO (Volts)
60
80
100
120
140
SUPPLY AND OUTPUT CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE
1
25Ω
Load Line
50Ω Load Line
–1
100Ω Load Line
–3
Supply Current (2.5mA/div)
1W Internal
Power Limit
–2
40
10
Output Current Limited
0
20
Ambient Temperature (°C)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE AND CURRENT LIMITATIONS
5
200
Sourcing Output Current
Sinking Output Current
7.5
150
5
100
Quiescent Supply Current
2.5
50
1W Internal
Power Limit
Output Current Limit
–5
0
–300
–200
–100
0
IO (mA)
8
10
–1
Number of 150Ω Loads
–4
40
Non-Inverting Input Bias Current
3
–5
1
3
–240
109
108
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
4
107
Input Bias Currents (µA)
–PSRR
0
∠ ZOL
Output Current (mA)
60
Transimpedance Gain (20dBΩ/div)
Rejection Ratio (dB)
65
+PSRR
Transimpedance Phase (40°/div)
CMRR AND PSRR vs FREQUENCY
70
100
200
300
0
–40
–20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Ambient Temperature (°C)
OPA681
SBOS084A
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES: VS = +5V
G = +2, RF = 499Ω, and RL = 100Ω to +2.5V, unless otherwise noted (see Figure 2).
LARGE-SIGNAL FREQUENCY RESPONSE
SMALL-SIGNAL FREQUENCY RESPONSE
8
2
G = +2,
RF = 499Ω
0
–1
G = +1,
RF = 649Ω
–2
–3
G = +5,
RF = 360Ω
–4
–5
VO = 1Vp-p
5
4
VO = 2Vp-p
3
2
1
0
–1
–7
–2
–8
0
125
0
250
125
LARGE-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE
SMALL-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE
4.5
2.10
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.2
G = +2
VO = 2Vp-p
4.1
Output Voltage (400mV/div)
G = +2
VO = 0.5Vp-p
2.9
Output Voltage (100mV/div)
250
Frequency (25MHz/div)
Frequency (25MHz/div)
3.7
3.3
2.9
2.5
2.1
1.7
1.3
0.9
2.1
0.5
2.0
Time (5ns/div)
Time (5ns/div)
RECOMMENDED RS vs CAPACITIVE LOAD
FREQUENCY RESPONSE vs CAPACITIVE LOAD
70
Gain to Capacitive Load (3dB/div)
15
60
50
RS (Ω)
VO = 0.5Vp-p
6
G = +10,
RF = 200Ω
–6
G = +2
RL = 100Ω to 2.5V
7
Gain (1dB/div)
Normalized Gain (1dB/div)
1
40
30
20
10
0
CL = 10pF
CL = 47pF
12
9
CL = 22pF
6
+5V
3
0
0.1µF
806Ω
VI
–3
57.6Ω
VO
806Ω OPA681
RS C
L
–6
1kΩ
499Ω
–9
499Ω
–12
1kΩ is optional.
0.1µF
CL = 100pF
–15
1
10
Capacitive Load (pF)
OPA681
SBOS084A
100
0
100MHz
200MHz
Frequency (20MHz/div)
9
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES: VS = +5V (Cont.)
G = +2, RF = 499Ω, and RL = 100Ω to +2.5V, unless otherwise noted (see Figure 2).
3RD HARMONIC DISTORTION vs FREQUENCY
2ND HARMONIC DISTORTION vs FREQUENCY
–40
VO = 2Vp-p
RL = 100Ω to 2.5V
3rd Harmonic Distortion (dBc)
2nd Harmonic Distortion (dBc)
–40
G = +10, RF = 200Ω
–50
G = +5, RF = 360Ω
–60
G = +2, RF = 499Ω
–70
VO = 2Vp-p
RL = 100Ω to 2.5V
–50
G = +10, RF = 200Ω
G = +5, RF = 360Ω
–60
–70
G = +2, RF = 499Ω
–80
–80
0.1
1
10
0.1
20
1
20
3RD HARMONIC DISTORTION vs FREQUENCY
2ND HARMONIC DISTORTION vs FREQUENCY
–50
VO = 2Vp-p
G = +2
3rd Harmonic Distortion (dBc)
–50
2nd Harmonic Distortion (dBc)
10
Frequency (MHz)
Frequency (MHz)
RL = 100Ω
–60
RL = 200Ω
–70
RL = 500Ω
–80
VO = 2Vp-p
G = +2
–60
RL = 100Ω
–70
RL = 200Ω
–80
RL = 500Ω
Loads to 2.5V
Loads to 2.5V
–90
–90
0.1
1
10
0.1
20
1
10
20
Frequency (MHz)
Frequency (MHz)
TWO-TONE, 3RD ORDER SPURIOUS LEVEL
CLOSED-LOOP OUTPUT IMPEDANCE
–45
10
+5
dBc = dB below carriers
–55
Output Impedance (Ω)
3rd Order Spurious (dBc)
–50
50MHz
–60
–65
20MHz
–70
10MHz
–75
50Ω
1
OPA681
ZO
402Ω
402Ω
0.1
–5
–80
Load Power at Matched 50Ω Load
–85
0.01
–14
–12
–10
–8
–6
–4
–2
Single-Tone Load Power (dBm)
10
0
2
10k
100k
1M
10M
100M
Frequency (Hz)
OPA681
SBOS084A
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
WIDEBAND CURRENT FEEDBACK OPERATION
The OPA681 gives the exceptional AC performance of a
wideband current feedback op amp with a highly linear, high
power output stage. Requiring only 6mA quiescent current,
the OPA681 will swing to within 1V of either supply rail and
deliver in excess of 135mA guaranteed at room temperature.
This low output headroom requirement, along with supply
voltage independent biasing, gives remarkable single (+5V)
supply operation. The OPA681 will deliver greater than
200MHz bandwidth driving a 2Vp-p output into 100Ω on a
single +5V supply. Previous boosted output stage amplifiers
have typically suffered from very poor crossover distortion
as the output current goes through zero. The OPA681
achieves a comparable power gain with much better linearity. The primary advantage of a current feedback op amp
over a voltage feedback op amp is that AC performance
(bandwidth and distortion) is relatively independent of signal gain. For similar AC performance at low gain, with
improved DC accuracy, consider the high slew rate, unity
gain stable, voltage feedback OPA680.
Figure 1 shows the DC coupled, gain of +2, dual power
supply circuit configuration used as the basis of the ±5V
Specifications and Typical Performance Curves. For test
purposes, the input impedance is set to 50Ω with a resistor
to ground and the output impedance is set to 50Ω with a
series output resistor. Voltage swings reported in the specifications are taken directly at the input and output pins while
load powers (dBm) are defined at a matched 50Ω load. For
the circuit of Figure 1, the total effective load will be 100Ω
|| 804Ω = 89Ω. The disable control line (DIS) is typically left
open to guarantee normal amplifier operation. One optional
component is included in Figure 1. In addition to the usual
power supply de-coupling capacitors to ground, a 0.1µF
capacitor is included between the two power supply pins. In
practical PC board layouts, this optional added capacitor
will typically improve the 2nd harmonic distortion performance by 3dB to 6dB.
Figure 2 shows the AC-coupled, gain of +2, single supply
circuit configuration used as the basis of the +5V Specifications and Typical Performance Curves. Though not a “railto-rail” design, the OPA681 requires minimal input and
output voltage headroom compared to other very wideband
current feedback op amps. It will deliver a 3Vp-p output
swing on a single +5V supply with greater than 150MHz
bandwidth. The key requirement of broadband single supply
operation is to maintain input and output signal swings
within the usable voltage ranges at both the input and the
output. The circuit of Figure 2 establishes an input midpoint
bias using a simple resistive divider from the +5V supply
(two 806Ω resistors). The input signal is then AC coupled
into this midpoint voltage bias. The input voltage can swing
to within 1.5V of either supply pin, giving a 2Vp-p input
signal range centered between the supply pins. The input
impedance matching resistor (57.6Ω) used for testing is
adjusted to give a 50Ω input match when the parallel
combination of the biasing divider network is included. The
gain resistor (RG) is AC-coupled, giving the circuit a DC
gain of +1—which puts the input DC bias voltage (2.5V) on
the output as well. The feedback resistor value has been
adjusted from the bipolar supply condition to re-optimize for
a flat frequency response in +5V, gain of +2, operation (see
Setting Resistor Values to Optimize Bandwidth). Again, on
a single +5V supply, the output voltage can swing to within
1V of either supply pin while delivering more than 80mA
output current. A demanding 100Ω load to a midpoint bias
is used in this characterization circuit. The new output stage
used in the OPA681 can deliver large bipolar output currents
into this midpoint load with minimal crossover distortion, as
shown by the +5V supply, 3rd harmonic distortion plots.
+5V
+VS
0.1µF
+5V
+VS
6.8µF
+
+
0.1µF
50Ω Source
6.8µF
806Ω
DIS
VI
50Ω
VO
50Ω
OPA681
0.1µF
0.1µF
50Ω Load
VI
57.6Ω
DIS
806Ω
VO
OPA681
100Ω
VS/2
RF
499Ω
RF
402Ω
RG
499Ω
RG
402Ω
+
6.8µF
0.1µF
0.1µF
–VS
–5V
FIGURE 1. DC-Coupled, G = +2, Bipolar Supply, Specification and Test Circuit.
OPA681
SBOS084A
FIGURE 2. AC-Coupled, G = +2, Single Supply Specification and Test Circuit.
11
SINGLE-SUPPLY A/D CONVERTER INTERFACE
Most modern, high performance A/D converters (such as the
Texas Instruments ADS8xx and ADS9xx series) operate on
a single +5V (or lower) power supply. It has been a considerable challenge for single-supply op amps to deliver a low
distortion input signal at the ADC input for signal frequencies exceeding 5MHz. The high slew rate, exceptional output swing and high linearity of the OPA681 make it an ideal
single-supply ADC driver. Figure 3 shows an example input
interface to a very high performance 10-bit, 60MSPS CMOS
converter.
impedance looking into the inverting input from the summing junction (see Setting Resistor Values to Optimize
Performance section). Using 100Ω feedback (to get a signal
gain of –2 from each input to the output pin) requires an
additional 20Ω in series with the inverting input to increase
the feedback impedance. With this resistor added to the
typical internal RI = 41Ω, the total feedback impedance is
100Ω + (65Ω x 6) = 490Ω, which is equal to the required
value to get a maximum bandwidth flat frequency response
for NG = 6. Tested performance shows more than 200MHz
small signal bandwidth and a –1dBm compression of 15dBm
at the matched 50Ω load through 100MHz.
The OPA681 in the circuit of Figure 3 provides > 180MHz
bandwidth operating at a signal gain of +4 with a 2Vp-p
output swing. One of the primary advantages of the current
feedback internal architecture used in the OPA681 is that
high bandwidth can be maintained as the signal gain is
increased. The non-inverting input bias voltage is referenced
to the mid-point of the ADC signal range by dividing off the
top and bottom of the internal ADC reference ladder. With
the gain resistor (RG) AC-coupled, this bias voltage has a
gain of +1 to the output, centering the output voltage swing
as well. Tested performance at a 20MHz analog input
frequency and a 60MSPS clock rate on the converter gives
> 58dBc SFDR.
WIDEBAND VIDEO MULTIPLEXING
One common application for video speed amplifiers which
include a disable pin is to wire multiple amplifier outputs
together, then select which one of several possible video
inputs to source onto a single line. This simple “Wired-OR
Video Multiplexer” can be easily implemented using the
OPA681 as shown in Figure 4.
Typically, channel switching is performed either on sync or
retrace time in the video signal. The two inputs are approximately equal at this time. The “make-before-break” disable
characteristic of the OPA681 ensures that there is always
one amplifier controlling the line when using a wired-OR
circuit like that shown in Figure 4. Since both inputs may be
on for a short period during the transition between channels,
the outputs are combined through the output impedance
matching resistors (82.5Ω in this case). When one channel is
disabled, its feedback network forms part of the output
impedance and slightly attenuates the signal in getting out
onto the cable. The gain and output matching resistor have
been slightly increased to get a signal gain of +1 at the
matched load and provide a 75Ω output impedance to the
cable. The video multiplexer connection (Figure 4) also
insures that the maximum differential voltage across the
inputs of the unselected channel do not exceed the rated
±1.2V maximum for standard video signal levels.
WIDEBAND INVERTING SUMMING AMPLIFIER
Since the signal bandwidth for a current feedback op amp
may be controlled independently of the noise gain (NG,
which is normally the same as the non-inverting signal gain),
very broadband inverting summing stages may be implemented using the OPA681. The circuit on the front page of
this data sheet shows an example inverting summing amplifier where the resistor values have been adjusted to maintain
both maximum bandwidth and input impedance matching. If
each RF signal is assumed to be driven from a 50Ω source,
the NG for this circuit will be (1 + 100Ω/(100Ω/5)) = 6. The
total feedback impedance (from VO to the inverting error
current) is the sum of RF + (RI x NG) where RI is the
+5V
0.1µF
+5V
RF
360Ω
RG
120Ω
Clock
ADS823
10-Bit
60MSPS
50Ω
Input
OPA681
2Vp-p
0.5Vp-p
22pF
Input
0.1µF
CM
DIS
2kΩ
+3.5V
REFT
0.1µF
+2.5V DC Bias
2kΩ
+1.5V
REFB
0.1µF
FIGURE 3. Wideband, AC-Coupled, Single-Supply A/D Driver.
12
OPA681
SBOS084A
+5V
2kΩ
VDIS
+5V
Video 1
DIS
OPA681
75Ω
340Ω
82.5Ω
–5V
402Ω
75Ω Cable
340Ω
RG-59
402Ω
+5V
82.5Ω
OPA681
Video 2
DIS
75Ω
–5V
2kΩ
FIGURE 4. Two-Channel Video Multiplexer.
The section on Disable Operation shows the turn-on and
turn-off switching glitches using a grounded input for a
single channel is typically less than ±50mV. Where two
outputs are switched (as shown in Figure 6), the output line
is always under the control of one amplifier or the other due
to the “make-before-break” disable timing. In this case, the
switching glitches for two 0V inputs drop to <20mV.
SINGLE-SUPPLY “IF” AMPLIFIER
The high bandwidth provided by the OPA681 while operating on a single +5V supply lends itself well to IF amplifier
applications. One of the advantages of using an op amp like
the OPA681 as an IF amplifier is that precise signal gain is
achieved along with much lower 3rd-order intermodulation
versus quiescent power dissipation. In addition, the OPA681
in the SOT23-6 package offers a very small package with a
power shutdown feature for portable applications. One concern with using op amps for an IF amplifier is their relatively
high noise figures. It is sometimes suggested that an optimum source resistance can be used to minimize op amp
noise figure. Adding a resistor to reach this optimum value
may improve noise figure, but will actually decrease the
signal-to-noise ratio. A more effective way to move towards
an optimum source impedance is to bring the signal in
through an input transformer. Figure 5 shows an example
that is particularly useful for the OPA681.
OPA681
SBOS084A
+5V
Power Supply
de-coupling not shown
5kΩ
DIS
50Ω
1µF
5kΩ
OPA681
VO
50Ω Load
50Ω Source
VI
RG
200Ω
1:2
RF
600Ω
VO
VI
= 3V/V (9.54dB)
0.1µF
FIGURE 5. Low Noise, Single Supply, IF Amplifier.
Bringing the signal in through a step up transformer to the
inverting input gain resistor has several advantages for the
OPA681. First, the decoupling capacitor on the non-inverting input eliminates the contribution of the non-inverting
input current noise to the output noise. Secondly, the noninverting input noise voltage of the op amp is actually
13
attenuated if reflected to the input side of RG. Using the 1:2
(turns ratio) step-up transformer reflects the 50Ω source impedance at the primary through to the secondary as a 200Ω source
impedance (and the 200Ω RG resistor is reflected through to the
transformer primary as a 50Ω input matching impedance). The
noise gain (NG) to the amplifier output is then 1+ 600/400 =
2.5V/V. Taking the op amp’s 2.2nV/√Hz input voltage noise
times this noise gain to the output, then reflecting this noise
term to the input side of the RG resistor, divides it by 3. This
gives a net gain of 0.833 for the non-inverting input voltage
noise when reflected to the input point for the op amp circuit.
This is further reduced when referred back to the transformer
primary.
The relatively low gain IF amplifier circuit of Figure 5 gives a
12dB noise figure at the input of the transformer. Increasing the
RF resistor to 600Ω (once RG is set to 200Ω for input impedance
matching) will slightly reduce the bandwidth. Measured results
show 150MHz small-signal bandwidth for the circuit of Figure
5 with exceptional flatness through 30MHz. Although the
OPA681 does not show an intercept characteristic for the
2-tone, 3rd-order intermodulation distortion, it does hold a very
high spurious free dynamic range through high output powers
and frequencies. The maximum single-tone power at the matched load for the single-supply circuit of Figure 5 is 1dBm (this
requires a 2.8Vp-p swing at the output pin of the OPA681 for
the 2-tone envelope). Measured 2-tone SFDR at this maximum
load power for the circuit of Figure 5 exceeds 55dBc for
frequencies to 30MHz.
TI Applications department (1-800-548-6132). The Applications department is also available for design assistance at
this number. These models do a good job of predicting
small-signal AC and transient performance under a wide
variety of operating conditions. They do not do as well in
predicting the harmonic distortion or dG/dφ characteristics.
These models do not attempt to distinguish between the
package types in their small-signal AC performance.
OPERATING SUGGESTIONS
SETTING RESISTOR VALUES TO
OPTIMIZE BANDWIDTH
A current feedback op amp like the OPA681 can hold an almost
constant bandwidth over signal gain settings with the proper
adjustment of the external resistor values. This is shown in the
Typical Performance Curves; the small-signal bandwidth decreases only slightly with increasing gain. Those curves also
show that the feedback resistor has been changed for each gain
setting. The resistor “values” on the inverting side of the circuit
for a current feedback op amp can be treated as frequency
response compensation elements while their “ratios” set the
signal gain. Figure 6 shows the small-signal frequency response
analysis circuit for the OPA681.
VI
DESIGN-IN TOOLS
α
DEMONSTRATION BOARDS
Several PC boards are available to assist in the initial
evaluation of circuit performance using the OPA681 in its
three package styles. All of these are available free as an
unpopulated PC board delivered with descriptive documentation. The summary information for these boards is shown
in the table below.
PRODUCT
PACKAGE
BOARD
PART
NUMBER
OPA681P
OPA681U
OPA681N
8-Pin DIP
8-Pin SO-8
6-Lead SOT23-6
DEM-OPA68xP
DEM-OPA68xU
DEM-OPA68xN
LITERATURE
REQUEST
NUMBER
MKT-350
MKT-351
MKT-348
VO
RI
iERR
Z(S) iERR
RF
RG
FIGURE 6. Current Feedback Transfer Function Analysis
Circuit.
The key elements of this current feedback op amp model are:
α → Buffer gain from the non-inverting input to the inverting input
Contact the TI applications support line to request any of
these boards.
RI → Buffer output impedance
iERR → Feedback error current signal
Z(s) → Frequency dependent open loop transimpedance gain from iERR to VO
MACROMODELS AND APPLICATIONS SUPPORT
Computer simulation of circuit performance using SPICE is
often useful when analyzing the performance of analog
circuits and systems. This is particularly true for video and
RF amplifier circuits where parasitic capacitance and inductance can have a major effect on circuit performance. A
SPICE model for the OPA681 is available through either the
TI web site (www.ti.com) or as one model on a disk from the
14
The buffer gain is typically very close to 1.00 and is
normally neglected from signal gain considerations. It will,
however, set the CMRR for a single op amp differential
amplifier configuration. For a buffer gain α < 1.0, the
CMRR = –20 x log (1– α) dB.
RI, the buffer output impedance, is a critical portion of the
bandwidth control equation. The OPA681 is typically about
41Ω.
OPA681
SBOS084A
A current feedback op amp senses an error current in the
inverting node (as opposed to a differential input error
voltage for a voltage feedback op amp) and passes this on to
the output through an internal frequency dependent
transimpedance gain. The Typical Performance Curves show
this open-loop transimpedance response. This is analogous
to the open-loop voltage gain curve for a voltage feedback
op amp. Developing the transfer function for the circuit of
Figure 6 gives Equation 1:
1+
Z (S)


RF  
 NG =  1 +

R G  


FEEDBACK RESISTOR vs NOISE GAIN
600
This is written in a loop gain analysis format where the
errors arising from a non-infinite open-loop gain are shown
in the denominator. If Z(s) were infinite over all frequencies,
the denominator of Equation 1 would reduce to 1 and the
ideal desired signal gain shown in the numerator would be
achieved. The fraction in the denominator of Equation 1
determines the frequency response. Equation 2 shows this as
the loop gain equation:
Eq. 2
Z (S)
R F + R I NG
= Loop Gain
500
Feedback Resistor (Ω)
VO
=
VI
Eq. 1

R 
α 1 + F 
RG 

α NG
=
R


F + R I NG
R
R F + R I 1 + F  1 +
Z (S)
RG 

As the desired signal gain increases, this equation will
eventually predict a negative RF. A somewhat subjective
limit to this adjustment can also be set by holding RG to a
minimum value of 20Ω. Lower values will load both the
buffer stage at the input and the output stage if RF gets too
low—actually decreasing the bandwidth. Figure 7 shows the
recommended RF vs NG for both ±5V and a single +5V
operation. The values for RF versus gain shown here are
approximately equal to the values used to generate the
Typical Performance Curves. They differ in that the optimized values used in the Typical Performance Curves are
also correcting for board parasitics not considered in the
simplified analysis leading to Equation 3. The values shown
in Figure 7 give a good starting point for design where
bandwidth optimization is desired.
+5V
400
300
200
±5V
100
0
0
5
10
15
20
Noise Gain
FIGURE 7. Recommended Feedback Resistor vs Noise Gain.
If 20 x log (RF + NG x RI) were drawn on top of the openloop transimpedance plot, the difference between the two
would be the loop gain at a given frequency. Eventually,
Z(s) rolls off to equal the denominator of Equation 2 at
which point the loop gain has reduced to 1 (and the curves
have intersected). This point of equality is where the
amplifier’s closed-loop frequency response given by Equation 1 will start to roll off, and is exactly analogous to the
frequency at which the noise gain equals the open-loop
voltage gain for a voltage feedback op amp. The difference
here is that the total impedance in the denominator of
Equation 2 may be controlled somewhat separately from the
desired signal gain (or NG).
The OPA681 is internally compensated to give a maximally
flat frequency response for RF = 402Ω at NG = 2 on ±5V
supplies. Evaluating the denominator of Equation 2 (which
is the feedback transimpedance) gives an optimal target of
484Ω. As the signal gain changes, the contribution of the
NG x RI term in the feedback transimpedance will change,
but the total can be held constant by adjusting RF. Equation
3 gives an approximate equation for optimum RF over signal
gain:
R F = 484Ω – NG R I
Eq. 3
OPA681
SBOS084A
The total impedance going into the inverting input may be
used to adjust the closed-loop signal bandwidth. Inserting a
series resistor between the inverting input and the summing
junction will increase the feedback impedance (denominator
of Equation 2), decreasing the bandwidth. This approach to
bandwidth control is used for the inverting summing circuit
on the front page. The internal buffer output impedance for
the OPA681 is slightly influenced by the source impedance
looking out of the non-inverting input terminal. High source
resistors will have the effect of increasing RI, decreasing the
bandwidth. For those single-supply applications which develop a midpoint bias at the non-inverting input through
high valued resistors, the decoupling capacitor is essential
for power supply noise rejection, non-inverting input noise
current shunting, and to minimize the high frequency value
for RI in Figure 6.
INVERTING AMPLIFIER OPERATION
Since the OPA681 is a general purpose, wideband current
feedback op amp, most of the familiar op amp application
circuits are available to the designer. Those applications that
require considerable flexibility in the feedback element
(e.g., integrators, transimpedance, some filters) should con-
15
sider the unity gain stable voltage feedback OPA680, since
the feedback resistor is the compensation element for a
current feedback op amp. Wideband inverting operation
(and especially summing) is particularly suited to the
OPA681. Figure 8 shows a typical inverting configuration
where the I/O impedances and signal gain from Figure 1 are
retained in an inverting circuit configuration.
+5V
Power supply
de-coupling
not shown
50Ω Load
DIS
OPA681
50Ω
Source
VO
50Ω
RF
365Ω
RG
182Ω
VI
RM
68.1Ω
–5V
FIGURE 8. Inverting Gain of –2 with Impedance Matching.
In the inverting configuration, two key design considerations must be noted. The first is that the gain resistor (RG)
becomes part of the signal channel input impedance. If input
impedance matching is desired (which is beneficial whenever the signal is coupled through a cable, twisted pair, long
PC board trace or other transmission line conductor), it is
normally necessary to add an additional matching resistor to
ground. RG by itself is normally not set to the required input
impedance since its value, along with the desired gain, will
determine an RF which may be non-optimal from a frequency response standpoint. The total input impedance for
the source becomes the parallel combination of RG and RM.
The second major consideration, touched on in the previous
paragraph, is that the signal source impedance becomes part
of the noise gain equation and will have slight effect on the
bandwidth through Equation 1. The values shown in Figure
8 have accounted for this by slightly decreasing RF (from
Figure 1) to re-optimize the bandwidth for the noise gain of
Figure 8 (NG = 2.74) In the example of Figure 8, the RM
value combines in parallel with the external 50Ω source
impedance, yielding an effective driving impedance of
50Ω || 68Ω = 28.8Ω. This impedance is added in series with
RG for calculating the noise gain—which gives NG = 2.74.
This value, along with the RF of Figure 8 and the inverting
input impedance of 41Ω, are inserted into Equation 3 to get
a feedback transimpedance nearly equal to the 484Ω optimum value.
Note that the non-inverting input in this bipolar supply
inverting application is connected directly to ground. It is
often suggested that an additional resistor be connected to
16
ground on the non-inverting input to achieve bias current
error cancellation at the output. The input bias currents for
a current feedback op amp are not generally matched in
either magnitude or polarity. Connecting a resistor to ground
on the non-inverting input of the OPA681 in the circuit of
Figure 8 will actually provide additional gain for that input’s
bias and noise currents, but will not decrease the output DC
error since the input bias currents are not matched.
OUTPUT CURRENT AND VOLTAGE
The OPA681 provides output voltage and current capabilities that are unsurpassed in a low cost monolithic op amp.
Under no-load conditions at 25°C, the output voltage typically swings closer than 1V to either supply rail; the guaranteed swing limit is within 1.2V of either rail. Into a 15Ω load
(the minimum tested load), it is guaranteed to deliver more
than ±135mA.
The specifications described above, though familiar in the
industry, consider voltage and current limits separately. In
many applications, it is the voltage x current, or V-I product,
which is more relevant to circuit operation. Refer to the
“Output Voltage and Current Limitations” plot in the Typical Performance Curves. The X and Y axes of this graph
show the zero-voltage output current limit and the zerocurrent output voltage limit, respectively. The four quadrants give a more detailed view of the OPA681’s output
drive capabilities, noting that the graph is bounded by a
“Safe Operating Area” of 1W maximum internal power
dissipation. Superimposing resistor load lines onto the plot
shows that the OPA681 can drive ±2.5V into 25Ω or ±3.5V
into 50Ω without exceeding the output capabilities or the
1W dissipation limit. A 100Ω load line (the standard test
circuit load) shows the full ±3.9V output swing capability,
as shown in the Typical Specifications.
The minimum specified output voltage and current over
temperature are set by worst-case simulations at the cold
temperature extreme. Only at cold startup will the output
current and voltage decrease to the numbers shown in the
guaranteed tables. As the output transistors deliver power,
their junction temperatures will increase, decreasing their
VBE’s (increasing the available output voltage swing) and
increasing their current gains (increasing the available output current). In steady-state operation, the available output
voltage and current will always be greater than that shown
in the over-temperature specifications since the output stage
junction temperatures will be higher than the minimum
specified operating ambient.
To maintain maximum output stage linearity, no output
short-circuit protection is provided. This will not normally
be a problem since most applications include a series matching resistor at the output that will limit the internal power
dissipation if the output side of this resistor is shorted to
ground. However, shorting the output pin directly to the
adjacent positive power supply pin (8-pin packages) will, in
most cases, destroy the amplifier. If additional short-circuit
protection is required, consider a small series resistor in the
power supply leads. This will, under heavy output loads,
OPA681
SBOS084A
reduce the available output voltage swing. A 5Ω series
resistor in each power supply lead will limit the internal
power dissipation to less than 1W for an output short circuit
while decreasing the available output voltage swing only
0.5V for up to 100mA desired load currents. Always place
the 0.1µF power supply decoupling capacitors after these
supply current limiting resistors directly on the supply pins.
DRIVING CAPACITIVE LOADS
One of the most demanding and yet very common load
conditions for an op amp is capacitive loading. Often, the
capacitive load is the input of an A/D converter—including
additional external capacitance which may be recommended
to improve A/D linearity. A high speed, high open-loop gain
amplifier like the OPA681 can be very susceptible to decreased stability and closed-loop response peaking when a
capacitive load is placed directly on the output pin. When
the amplifier’s open-loop output resistance is considered,
this capacitive load introduces an additional pole in the
signal path that can decrease the phase margin. Several
external solutions to this problem have been suggested.
When the primary considerations are frequency response
flatness, pulse response fidelity and/or distortion, the simplest and most effective solution is to isolate the capacitive
load from the feedback loop by inserting a series isolation
resistor between the amplifier output and the capacitive
load. This does not eliminate the pole from the loop response, but rather shifts it and adds a zero at a higher
frequency. The additional zero acts to cancel the phase lag
from the capacitive load pole, thus increasing the phase
margin and improving stability.
The Typical Performance Curves show the recommended
RS vs Capacitive Load and the resulting frequency response
at the load. Parasitic capacitive loads greater than 2pF can
begin to degrade the performance of the OPA681. Long PC
board traces, unmatched cables, and connections to multiple
devices can easily cause this value to be exceeded. Always
consider this effect carefully, and add the recommended
series resistor as close as possible to the OPA681 output pin
(see Board Layout Guidelines).
DISTORTION PERFORMANCE
The OPA681 provides good distortion performance into a
100Ω load on ±5V supplies. Relative to alternative solutions, it provides exceptional performance into lighter loads
and/or operating on a single +5V supply. Generally, until the
fundamental signal reaches very high frequency or power
levels, the 2nd harmonic will dominate the distortion with a
negligible 3rd harmonic component. Focusing then on the
2nd harmonic, increasing the load impedance improves
distortion directly. Remember that the total load includes the
feedback network—in the non-inverting configuration (Figure 1) this is the sum of RF + RG, while in the inverting
configuration it is just RF. Also, providing an additional
supply de-coupling capacitor (0.1µF) between the supply
pins (for bipolar operation) improves the 2nd-order distortion slightly (3dB to 6dB).
OPA681
SBOS084A
In most op amps, increasing the output voltage swing increases harmonic distortion directly. The Typical Performance Curves show the 2nd harmonic increasing at a little
less than the expected 2X rate while the 3rd harmonic
increases at a little less than the expected 3X rate. Where the
test power doubles, the difference between it and the 2nd
harmonic decreases less than the expected 6dB while the
difference between it and the 3rd decreases by less than the
expected 12dB. This also shows up in the 2-tone, 3rd-order
intermodulation spurious (IM3) response curves. The 3rdorder spurious levels are extremely low at low output power
levels. The output stage continues to hold them low even as
the fundamental power reaches very high levels. As the
Typical Performance Curves show, the spurious
intermodulation powers do not increase as predicted by a
traditional intercept model. As the fundamental power level
increases, the dynamic range does not decrease significantly.
For two tones centered at 20MHz, with 10dBm/tone into a
matched 50Ω load (i.e., 2Vp-p for each tone at the load,
which requires 8Vp-p for the overall 2-tone envelope at the
output pin), the Typical Performance Curves show 62dBc
difference between the test-tone power and the 3rd-order
intermodulation spurious levels. This exceptional performance improves further when operating at lower frequencies.
NOISE PERFORMANCE
Wideband current feedback op amps generally have a higher
output noise than comparable voltage feedback op amps.
The OPA681 offers an excellent balance between voltage
and current noise terms to achieve low output noise. The
inverting current noise (15pA/√Hz) is significantly lower
than earlier solutions while the input voltage noise
(2.2nV/√Hz) is lower than most unity gain stable, wideband,
voltage feedback op amps. This low input voltage noise was
achieved at the price of higher non-inverting input current
noise (12pA/√Hz). As long as the AC source impedance
looking out of the non-inverting node is less than 100Ω, this
current noise will not contribute significantly to the total
output noise. The op amp input voltage noise and the two
input current noise terms combine to give low output noise
under a wide variety of operating conditions. Figure 9 shows
the op amp noise analysis model with all the noise terms
ENI
EO
OPA681
RS
IBN
ERS
RF
√ 4kTRS
4kT
RG
RG
IBI
√ 4kTRF
4kT = 1.6E –20J
at 290°K
FIGURE 9. Op Amp Noise Analysis Model.
17
included. In this model, all noise terms are taken to be
noise voltage or current density terms in either nV/√Hz or
pA/√Hz.
The total output spot noise voltage can be computed as the
square root of the sum of all squared output noise voltage
contributors. Equation 4 shows the general form for the
output noise voltage using the terms shown in Figure 9.
Eq. 4
EO =
(E
2
NI
)
+ ( I BN R S ) + 4kTR S NG 2 + ( I BI R F ) + 4kTR F NG
2
2
A fine-scale, output offset null, or DC operating point
adjustment, is sometimes required. Numerous techniques
are available for introducing DC offset control into an op
amp circuit. Most simple adjustment techniques do not
correct for temperature drift. It is possible to combine a
lower speed, precision op amp with the OPA681 to get the
DC accuracy of the precision op amp along with the signal
bandwidth of the OPA681. Figure 10 shows a non-inverting
G = +10 circuit that holds an output offset voltage less than
±7.5mV over temperature with > 150MHz signal bandwidth.
Dividing this expression by the noise gain (NG = (1+RF/RG))
will give the equivalent input-referred spot noise voltage at the
non-inverting input as shown in Equation 5.
Eq. 5
+5V
Power supply
de-coupling not shown
DIS
VI
OPA681
2
I R
4kTR F
2
E N = E NI 2 + ( I BN R S ) + 4kTR S +  BI F  +
 NG 
NG
1.8kΩ
+5V
2.86kΩ
Evaluating these two equations for the OPA681 circuit and
component values shown in Figure 1 will give a total output
spot noise voltage of 8.4nV/√Hz and a total equivalent input
spot noise voltage of 4.2nV/√Hz. This total input-referred
spot noise voltage is higher than the 2.2nV/√Hz specification for the op amp voltage noise alone. This reflects the
noise added to the output by the inverting current noise times
the feedback resistor. If the feedback resistor is reduced in
high gain configurations (as suggested previously), the total
input-referred voltage noise given by Equation 5 will approach just the 2.2nV/√Hz of the op amp itself. For example,
going to a gain of +10 using RF = 180Ω will give a total
input-referred noise of 2.4nV/√Hz .
DC ACCURACY AND OFFSET CONTROL
A current feedback op amp like the OPA681 provides
exceptional bandwidth in high gains, giving fast pulse settling but only moderate DC accuracy. The Typical Specifications show an input offset voltage comparable to high
speed voltage feedback amplifiers. However, the two input
bias currents are somewhat higher and are unmatched.
Whereas bias current cancellation techniques are very effective with most voltage feedback op amps, they do not
generally reduce the output DC offset for wideband current
feedback op amps. Since the two input bias currents are
unrelated in both magnitude and polarity, matching the
source impedance looking out of each input to reduce their
error contribution to the output is ineffective. Evaluating the
configuration of Figure 1, using worst-case +25°C input
offset voltage and the two input bias currents, gives a worstcase output offset range equal to:
± (NG x VOS(MAX)) + (IBN x RS /2 x NG) ± (IBI x RF)
VO
–5V 180Ω
OPA237
20Ω
–5V
18kΩ
2kΩ
FIGURE 10. Wideband, Precision, G = +10 Composite Amplifier.
This DC-coupled circuit provides very high signal bandwidth using the OPA681. At lower frequencies, the output
voltage is attenuated by the signal gain and compared to the
original input voltage at the inputs of the OPA237 (this is a
low cost, precision voltage feedback op amp with 1.5MHz
gain bandwidth product). If these two don’t agree (due to
DC offsets introduced by the OPA681), the OPA237 sums
in a correction current through the 2.86kΩ inverting summing path. Several design considerations will allow this
circuit to be optimized. First, the feedback to the OPA237’s
non-inverting input must be precisely matched to the high
speed signal gain. Making the 2kΩ resistor to ground an
adjustable resistor would allow the low and high frequency
gains to be precisely matched. Secondly, the crossover
frequency region where the OPA237 passes control to the
OPA681 must occur with exceptional phase linearity. These
two issues reduce to designing for pole/zero cancellation in
the overall transfer function. Using the 2.86kΩ resistor will
nominally satisfy this requirement for the circuit in Figure
10. Perfect cancellation over process and temperature is not
possible. However, this initial resistor setting and precise
gain matching will minimize long term pulse settling tails.
where NG = non-inverting signal gain
= ± (2 x 5.0mV) + (55µA x 25Ω x 2) ± (402Ω x 40µA)
= ±10mV + 2.75mV ± 16mV
= –23.25mV → +28.25mV
18
DISABLE OPERATION
The OPA681 provides an optional disable feature that may
be used either to reduce system power or to implement a
OPA681
SBOS084A
simple channel multiplexing operation. If the DIS control
pin is left unconnected, the OPA681 will operate normally.
To disable, the control pin must be asserted low. Figure 11
shows a simplified internal circuit for the disable control
feature.
was observed. This approximately 1V/ns maximum slew
rate may be achieved by adding a simple RC filter into the
VDIS pin from a higher speed logic line. If extremely fast
transition logic is used, a 2kΩ series resistor between the
logic gate and the DIS input pin will provide adequate
bandlimiting using just the parasitic input capacitance on the
DIS pin while still ensuring an adequate logic level swing.
+VS
Output Voltage (20mV/div)
40
15kΩ
Q1
25kΩ
VDIS
110kΩ
IS
Control
–VS
20
Output Voltage
(0V Input)
0
–20
–40
4.8V
VDIS
0.2V
Time (20ns/div)
FIGURE 11. Simplified Disable Control Circuit.
FIGURE 12. Disable/Enable Glitch.
In normal operation, base current to Q1 is provided through
the 110kΩ resistor while the emitter current through the
15kΩ resistor sets up a voltage drop that is inadequate to
turn on the two diodes in Q1’s emitter. As VDIS is pulled
low, additional current is pulled through the 15kΩ resistor
eventually turning on these two diodes (≈ 100µA). At this
point, any further current pulled out of VDIS goes through
those diodes holding the emitter-base voltage of Q1 at
approximately zero volts. This shuts off the collector current
out of Q1, turning the amplifier off. The supply current in
the disable mode are only those required to operate the
circuit of Figure 11. Additional circuitry ensures that turn-on
time occurs faster than turn-off time (make-before-break).
THERMAL ANALYSIS
Due to the high output power capability of the OPA681,
heatsinking or forced airflow may be required under extreme
operating conditions. Maximum desired junction temperature will set the maximum allowed internal power dissipation as described below. In no case should the maximum
junction temperature be allowed to exceed 175°C.
When disabled, the output and input nodes go to a high
impedance state. If the OPA681 is operating in a gain of +1,
this will show a very high impedance (4pF || 1MΩ) at the
output and exceptional signal isolation. If operating at a
gain greater than +1, the total feedback network resistance
(RF + RG) will appear as the impedance looking back into the
output, but the circuit will still show very high forward and
reverse isolation. If configured as an inverting amplifier, the
input and output will be connected through the feedback
network resistance (RF + RG) giving relatively poor input to
output isolation.
One key parameter in disable operation is the output glitch
when switching in and out of the disabled mode. Figure 12
shows these glitches for the circuit of Figure 1 with the input
signal set to zero volts. The glitch waveform at the output
pin is plotted along with the DIS pin voltage.
The transition edge rate (dV/dT) of the DIS control line will
influence this glitch. For the plot of Figure 12, the edge rate
was reduced until no further reduction in glitch amplitude
OPA681
SBOS084A
Operating junction temperature (TJ) is given by TA + PD x
θJA. The total internal power dissipation (PD) is the sum of
quiescent power (PDQ) and additional power dissipated in
the output stage (PDL) to deliver load power. Quiescent
power is simply the specified no-load supply current times
the total supply voltage across the part. PDL will depend on
the required output signal and load but would, for a grounded
resistive load, be at a maximum when the output is fixed at
a voltage equal to 1/2 either supply voltage (for equal bipolar
supplies). Under this condition PDL = VS2/(4 x RL) where RL
includes feedback network loading.
Note that it is the power in the output stage and not in the
load that determines internal power dissipation.
As a worst-case example, compute the maximum TJ using an
OPA681N (SOT23-6 package) in the circuit of Figure 1
operating at the maximum specified ambient temperature of
+85°C and driving a grounded 20Ω load to +2.5V DC:
PD = 10V x 7.2mA + 5 2 / (4 x (20Ω || 804Ω)) = 392mW
Maximum TJ = +85°C + (0.39W (150°C/W) = 144°C
Although this is still well below the specified maximum
junction temperature, system reliability considerations may
require lower guaranteed junction temperatures. Remember,
this is a worst-case internal power dissipation—use your
actual signal and load to compute PDL. The highest possible
19
internal dissipation will occur if the load requires current to
be forced into the output for positive output voltages or
sourced from the output for negative output voltages. This
puts a high current through a large internal voltage drop in
the output transistors. The Output Voltage and Current
Limitations plot shown in the Typical Performance Curves
include a boundary for 1W maximum internal power dissipation under these conditions.
BOARD LAYOUT GUIDELINES
Achieving optimum performance with a high frequency
amplifier like the OPA681 requires careful attention to
board layout parasitics and external component types. Recommendations that will optimize performance include:
a) Minimize parasitic capacitance to any AC ground for
all of the signal I/O pins. Parasitic capacitance on the output
and inverting input pins can cause instability: on the noninverting input, it can react with the source impedance to
cause unintentional bandlimiting. To reduce unwanted capacitance, a window around the signal I/O pins should be
opened in all of the ground and power planes around those
pins. Otherwise, ground and power planes should be unbroken elsewhere on the board.
b) Minimize the distance (< 0.25") from the power supply
pins to high frequency 0.1µF decoupling capacitors. At the
device pins, the ground and power plane layout should not
be in close proximity to the signal I/O pins. Avoid narrow
power and ground traces to minimize inductance between
the pins and the decoupling capacitors. The power supply
connections (on pins 4 and 7) should always be decoupled
with these capacitors. An optional supply decoupling capacitor across the two power supplies (for bipolar operation)
will improve 2nd harmonic distortion performance. Larger
(2.2µF to 6.8µF) decoupling capacitors, effective at lower
frequency, should also be used on the main supply pins.
These may be placed somewhat farther from the device and
may be shared among several devices in the same area of the
PC board.
c) Careful selection and placement of external components will preserve the high frequency performance of
the OPA681. Resistors should be a very low reactance type.
Surface-mount resistors work best and allow a tighter overall layout. Metal-film and carbon composition, axially-leaded
resistors can also provide good high frequency performance.
Again, keep their leads and PC board trace length as short as
possible. Never use wirewound type resistors in a high
frequency application. Since the output pin and inverting
input pin are the most sensitive to parasitic capacitance,
always position the feedback and series output resistor, if
any, as close as possible to the output pin. Other network
components, such as non-inverting input termination resistors, should also be placed close to the package. Where
double-side component mounting is allowed, place the feedback resistor directly under the package on the other side of
the board between the output and inverting input pins. The
frequency response is primarily determined by the feedback
resistor value as described previously. Increasing its value
20
will reduce the bandwidth, while decreasing it will give a
more peaked frequency response. The 402Ω feedback resistor used in the typical performance specifications at a gain
of +2 on ±5V supplies is a good starting point for design.
Note that a 453Ω feedback resistor, rather than a direct short,
is recommended for the unity gain follower application. A
current feedback op amp requires a feedback resistor even in
the unity gain follower configuration to control stability.
d) Connections to other wideband devices on the board
may be made with short direct traces or through on-board
transmission lines. For short connections, consider the trace
and the input to the next device as a lumped capacitive load.
Relatively wide traces (50mils to 100mils) should be used,
preferably with ground and power planes opened up around
them. Estimate the total capacitive load and set RS from the
plot of recommended RS versus Capacitive Load. Low
parasitic capacitive loads (< 5pF) may not need an RS since
the OPA681 is nominally compensated to operate with a 2pF
parasitic load. If a long trace is required, and the 6dB signal
loss intrinsic to a doubly-terminated transmission line is
acceptable, implement a matched impedance transmission
line using microstrip or stripline techniques (consult an ECL
design handbook for microstrip and stripline layout techniques). A 50Ω environment is normally not necessary on
board, and in fact, a higher impedance environment will
improve distortion as shown in the Distortion vs Load plots.
With a characteristic board trace impedance defined based
on board material and trace dimensions, a matching series
resistor into the trace from the output of the OPA681 is used
as well as a terminating shunt resistor at the input of the
destination device. Remember also that the terminating
impedance will be the parallel combination of the shunt
resistor and the input impedance of the destination device:
this total effective impedance should be set to match the
trace impedance. The high output voltage and current capability of the OPA681 allows multiple destination devices to
be handled as separate transmission lines, each with their
own series and shunt terminations. If the 6dB attenuation of
a doubly-terminated transmission line is unacceptable, a
long trace can be series-terminated at the source end only.
Treat the trace as a capacitive load in this case and set the
series resistor value as shown in the plot of RS vs Capacitive
Load. This will not preserve signal integrity as well as a
doubly-terminated line. If the input impedance of the destination device is low, there will be some signal attenuation
due to the voltage divider formed by the series output into
the terminating impedance.
e) Socketing a high speed part like the OPA681 is not
recommended. The additional lead length and pin-to-pin
capacitance introduced by the socket can create an extremely troublesome parasitic network which can make it
almost impossible to achieve a smooth, stable frequency
response. Best results are obtained by soldering the OPA681
onto the board. If socketing for the DIP package is desired,
high frequency flush-mount pins (e.g., McKenzie Technology #710C) can give good results.
OPA681
SBOS084A
INPUT AND ESD PROTECTION
The OPA681 is built using a very high speed complementary bipolar process. The internal junction breakdown voltages are relatively low for these very small geometry devices. These breakdowns are reflected in the Absolute Maximum Ratings table. All device pins have limited ESD
protection using internal diodes to the power supplies as
shown in Figure 13.
These diodes provide moderate protection to input overdrive
voltages above the supplies as well. The protection diodes
can typically support 30mA continuous current. Where higher
currents are possible (e.g., in systems with ±15V supply
parts driving into the OPA681), current-limiting series resistors should be added into the two inputs. Keep these resistor
values as low as possible since high values degrade both
noise performance and frequency response.
OPA681
SBOS084A
+V CC
External
Pin
Internal
Circuitry
–V CC
FIGURE 13. Internal ESD Protection.
21
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