ATMEL AT90S8515 8-bit microcontroller with 8k bytes in-system programmable flash Datasheet

Features
• Utilizes the AVR® RISC Architecture
• AVR – High-performance and Low-power RISC Architecture
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– 118 Powerful Instructions – Most Single Clock Cycle Execution
– 32 x 8 General-purpose Working Registers
– Up to 8 MIPS Throughput at 8 MHz
Data and Nonvolatile Program Memory
– 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable Flash
Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles
– 512 Bytes of SRAM
– 512 Bytes of In-System Programmable EEPROM
Endurance: 100,000 Write/Erase Cycles
– Programming Lock for Flash Program and EEPROM Data Security
Peripheral Features
– One 8-bit Timer/Counter with Separate Prescaler
– One 16-bit Timer/Counter with Separate Prescaler
Compare, Capture Modes and Dual 8-, 9-, or 10-bit PWM
– On-chip Analog Comparator
– Programmable Watchdog Timer with On-chip Oscillator
– Programmable Serial UART
– Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface
Special Microcontroller Features
– Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes
– External and Internal Interrupt Sources
Specifications
– Low-power, High-speed CMOS Process Technology
– Fully Static Operation
Power Consumption at 4 MHz, 3V, 25°C
– Active: 3.0 mA
– Idle Mode: 1.0 mA
– Power-down Mode: <1 µA
I/O and Packages
– 32 Programmable I/O Lines
– 40-lead PDIP, 44-lead PLCC and TQFP
Operating Voltages
– 2.7 - 6.0V for AT90S8515-4
– 4.0 - 6.0V for AT90S8515-8
Speed Grades
– 0 - 4 MHz for AT90S8515-4
– 0 - 8 MHz for AT90S8515-8
8-bit
Microcontroller
with 8K Bytes
In-System
Programmable
Flash
AT90S8515
Rev. 0841G–09/01
1
Pin Configurations
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Description
The AT90S8515 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR RISC
architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the AT90S8515
achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz, allowing the system designer to
optimize power consumption versus processing speed.
Block Diagram
Figure 1. The AT90S8515 Block Diagram
The AVR core combines a rich instruction set with 32 general-purpose working registers. All the 32 registers are directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU),
allowing two independent registers to be accessed in one single instruction executed in
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one clock cycle. The resulting architecture is more code efficient while achieving
throughputs up to ten times faster than conventional CISC microcontrollers.
The AT90S8515 provides the following features: 8K bytes of In-System Programmable
Flash, 512 bytes EEPROM, 512 bytes SRAM, 32 general-purpose I/O lines, 32 generalpurpose working registers, flexible timer/counters with compare modes, internal and
external interrupts, a programmable serial UART, programmable Watchdog Timer with
internal oscillator, an SPI serial port and two software-selectable power-saving modes.
The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the SRAM, timer/counters, SPI port and
interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the register contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next external
interrupt or hardware reset.
The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology.
The On-chip In-System Programmable Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed In-System through an SPI serial interface or by a conventional nonvolatile
memory programmer. By combining an enhanced RISC 8-bit CPU with In-System Programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT90S8515 is a powerful
microcontroller that provides a highly flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.
The AT90S8515 AVR is supported with a full suite of program and system development
tools including: C compilers, macro assemblers, program debugger/simulators, in-circuit
emulators and evaluation kits.
Pin Descriptions
VCC
Supply voltage.
GND
Ground.
Port A (PA7..PA0)
Port A is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port. Port pins can provide internal pull-up resistors
(selected for each bit). The Port A output buffers can sink 20 mA and can drive LED displays directly. When pins PA0 to PA7 are used as inputs and are externally pulled low,
they will source current if the internal pull-up resistors are activated. The Port A pins are
tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not active.
Port A serves as multiplexed address/data input/output when using external SRAM.
Port B (PB7..PB0)
Port B is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors. The Port B output
buffers can sink 20 mA. As inputs, Port B pins that are externally pulled low will source
current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port B pins are tri-stated when a reset
condition becomes active, even if the clock is not active.
Port B also serves the functions of various special features of the AT90S8515 as listed
on page 66.
Port C (PC7..PC0)
Port C is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors. The Port C output
buffers can sink 20 mA. As inputs, Port C pins that are externally pulled low will source
current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port C pins are tri-stated when a reset
condition becomes active, even if the clock is not active.
Port C also serves as address output when using external SRAM.
Port D (PD7..PD0)
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Port D is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors. The Port D output
buffers can sink 20 mA. As inputs, Port D pins that are externally pulled low will source
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current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port D pins are tri-stated when a reset
condition becomes active, even if the clock is not active.
Port D also serves the functions of various special features of the AT90S8515 as listed
on page 73.
RESET
Reset input. A low level on this pin for more than 50 ns will generate a reset, even if the
clock is not running. Shorter pulses are not guaranteed to generate a reset.
XTAL1
Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit.
XTAL2
Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.
ICP
ICP is the input pin for the Timer/Counter1 Input Capture function.
OC1B
OC1B is the output pin for the Timer/Counter1 Output CompareB function.
ALE
ALE is the Address Latch Enable used when the External Memory is enabled. The ALE
strobe is used to latch the low-order address (8 bits) into an address latch during the first
access cycle, and the AD0 - 7 pins are used for data during the second access cycle.
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Crystal Oscillator
XTAL1 and XTAL2 are input and output, respectively, of an inverting amplifier that can
be configured for use as an on-chip oscillator, as shown in Figure 2. Either a quartz
crystal or a ceramic resonator may be used. To drive the device from an external clock
source, XTAL2 should be left unconnected while XTAL1 is driven as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 2. Oscillator Connections
MAX 1 HC BUFFER
HC
C2
C1
XTAL2
XTAL1
GND
Note:
When using the MCU oscillator as a clock for an external device, an HC buffer should be
connected as indicated in the figure.
Figure 3. External Clock Drive Configuration
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Architectural
Overview
The fast-access register file concept contains 32 x 8-bit general-purpose working registers with a single clock cycle access time. This means that during one single clock cycle,
one ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) operation is executed. Two operands are output from
the register file, the operation is executed and the result is stored back in the register file
– in one clock cycle.
Six of the 32 registers can be used as three 16-bit indirect address register pointers for
Data Space addressing, enabling efficient address calculations. One of the three
address pointers is also used as the address pointer for the constant table look-up function. These added function registers are the 16-bit X-, Y-, and Z-register.
The ALU supports arithmetic and logic functions between registers or between a constant and a register. Single register operations are also executed in the ALU. Figure 4
shows the AT90S8515 AVR RISC microcontroller architecture.
In addition to the register operation, the conventional memory addressing modes can be
used on the register file as well. This is enabled by the fact that the register file is
assigned the 32 lowermost Data Space addresses ($00 - $1F), allowing them to be
accessed as though they were ordinary memory locations.
The I/O memory space contains 64 addresses for CPU peripheral functions such as
Control Registers, Timer/Counters, A/D converters and other I/O functions. The I/O
memory can be accessed directly or as the Data Space locations following those of the
register file, $20 - $5F.
The AVR uses a Harvard architecture concept – with separate memories and buses for
program and data. The program memory is executed with a two-stage pipeline. While
one instruction is being executed, the next instruction is pre-fetched from the program
memory. This concept enables instructions to be executed in every clock cycle. The program memory is In-System Programmable Flash memory.
With the relative jump and call instructions, the whole 4K address space is directly
accessed. Most AVR instructions have a single 16-bit word format. Every program
memory address contains a 16- or 32-bit instruction.
During interrupts and subroutine calls, the return address Program Counter (PC) is
stored on the stack. The stack is effectively allocated in the general data SRAM and
consequently, the stack size is only limited by the total SRAM size and the usage of the
SRAM. All user programs must initialize the SP in the reset routine (before subroutines
or interrupts are executed). The 16-bit Stack Pointer (SP) is read/write-accessible in the
I/O space.
The 512-byte data SRAM can be easily accessed through the five different addressing
modes supported in the AVR architecture.
The memory spaces in the AVR architecture are all linear and regular memory maps.
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Figure 4. The AT90S8515 AVR RISC Architecture
Data Bus 8-bit
4K x 16
Program
Memory
Program
Counter
Status
and Test
32 x 8
General
Purpose
Registers
Control Lines
Indirect Addressing
Instruction
Decoder
Direct Addressing
Instruction
Register
Control
Registers
Interrupt
Unit
SPI
Unit
Serial
UART
ALU
8-bit
Timer/Counter
512 x 8
Data
SRAM
512 x 8
EEPROM
16-bit
Timer/Counter
with PWM
Watchdog
Timer
Analog
Comparator
32
I/O Lines
A flexible interrupt module has its control registers in the I/O space with an additional
global interrupt enable bit in the status register. All the different interrupts have a separate interrupt vector in the interrupt vector table at the beginning of the program
memory. The different interrupts have priority in accordance with their interrupt vector
position. The lower the interrupt vector address, the higher the priority.
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Figure 5. Memory Maps
Program Memory
Data Memory
$000
32 Gen. Purpose $0000
Working Registers $001F
$0020
64 I/O Registers
Program FLASH
(4K x 16)
$005F
$0060
Internal SRAM
(512 x 8)
$025F
$0260
$FFF
External SRAM
(0 - 64K x 8)
$FFFF
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General-purpose
Register File
Figure 6 shows the structure of the 32 general-purpose working registers in the CPU.
Figure 6. AVR CPU General-purpose Working Registers
7
0
Addr.
R0
$00
R1
$01
R2
$02
…
R13
$0D
General
R14
$0E
Purpose
R15
$0F
Working
R16
$10
Registers
R17
$11
…
R26
$1A
X-register low byte
R27
$1B
X-register high byte
R28
$1C
Y-register low byte
R29
$1D
Y-register high byte
R30
$1E
Z-register low byte
R31
$1F
Z-register high byte
All the register operating instructions in the instruction set have direct and single-cycle
access to all registers. The only exception are the five constant arithmetic and logic
instructions SBCI, SUBI, CPI, ANDI and ORI between a constant and a register and the
LDI instruction for load immediate constant data. These instructions apply to the second
half of the registers in the register file (R16..R31). The general SBC, SUB, CP, AND and
OR and all other operations between two registers or on a single register apply to the
entire register file.
As shown in Figure 6, each register is also assigned a data memory address, mapping
them directly into the first 32 locations of the user Data Space. Although not being physically implemented as SRAM locations, this memory organization provides great
flexibility in access of the registers, as the X-, Y- and Z-registers can be set to index any
register in the file.
X-register, Y-register and
Z-register
The registers R26..R31 have some added functions to their general-purpose usage.
These registers are address pointers for indirect addressing of the Data Space. The
three indirect address registers X, Y, and Z are defined as:
Figure 7. X-, Y-, and Z-registers
15
X - register
0
7
0
7
R27 ($1B)
0
R26 ($1A)
15
Y - register
0
7
0
7
R29 ($1D)
0
R28 ($1C)
15
Z - register
0
7
0
R31 ($1F)
10
7
0
R30 ($1E)
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AT90S8515
In the different addressing modes these address registers have functions as fixed displacement, automatic increment and decrement (see the descriptions for the different
instructions).
ALU – Arithmetic Logic
Unit
The high-performance AVR ALU operates in direct connection with all the 32 generalpurpose working registers. Within a single clock cycle, ALU operations between registers in the register file are executed. The ALU operations are divided into three main
categories: arithmetic, logical and bit functions.
In-System Programmable The AT90S8515 contains 8K bytes On-chip In-System Programmable Flash memory for
program storage. Since all instructions are 16- or 32-bit words, the Flash is organized as
Flash Program Memory
4K x 16. The Flash memory has an endurance of at least 1000 write/erase cycles. The
AT90S8515 Program Counter (PC) is 12 bits wide, thus addressing the 4096 program
memory addresses.
See page 86 for a detailed description of Flash data downloading.
See page 13 for the different program memory addressing modes.
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SRAM Data Memory –
Internal and External
Figure 8 shows how the AT90S8515 SRAM memory is organized.
Figure 8. SRAM Organization
Register File
Data Address Space
R0
$0000
R1
$0001
R2
$0002
…
…
R29
$001D
R30
$001E
R31
$001F
I/O Registers
$00
$0020
$01
$0021
$02
$0022
…
…
$3D
$005D
$3E
$005E
$3F
$005F
Internal SRAM
$0060
$0061
…
$025E
$025F
External SRAM
$0260
$0261
…
$FFFE
$FFFF
The lower 608 data memory locations address the Register file, the I/O memory and the
internal data SRAM. The first 96 locations address the Register file + I/O memory, and
the next 512 locations address the internal data SRAM. An optional external data SRAM
can be placed in the same SRAM memory space. This SRAM will occupy the location
following the internal SRAM and up to as much as 64K - 1, depending on SRAM size.
When the addresses accessing the data memory space exceed the internal data SRAM
locations, the external data SRAM is accessed using the same instructions as for the
internal data SRAM access. When the internal data space is accessed, the read and
write strobe pins (RD and WR) are inactive during the whole access cycle. External
SRAM operation is enabled by setting the SRE bit in the MCUCR register. See page 29
for details.
Accessing external SRAM takes one additional clock cycle per byte compared to access
of the internal SRAM. This means that the commands LD, ST, LDS, STS, PUSH and
POP take one additional clock cycle. If the stack is placed in external SRAM, interrupts,
subroutine calls and returns take two clock cycles extra because the 2-byte program
counter is pushed and popped. When external SRAM interface is used with wait state,
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two additional clock cycles is used per byte. This has the following effect: Data transfer
instructions take two extra clock cycles, whereas interrupt, subroutine calls and returns
will need four clock cycles more than specified in the instruction set manual.
The five different addressing modes for the data memory cover: Direct, Indirect with Displacement, Indirect, Indirect with Pre-decrement and Indirect with Post-increment. In the
register file, registers R26 to R31 feature the indirect addressing pointer registers.
The direct addressing reaches the entire data space.
The Indirect with Displacement mode features 63 address locations reached from the
base address given by the Y- or Z-register.
When using register indirect addressing modes with automatic pre-decrement and postincrement, the address registers X, Y and Z are decremented and incremented.
The 32 general-purpose working registers, 64 I/O registers, the 512 bytes of internal
data SRAM, and the 64K bytes of optional external data SRAM in the AT90S8515 are all
accessible through all these addressing modes.
See the next section for a detailed description of the different addressing modes.
Program and Data
Addressing Modes
The AT90S8515 AVR RISC microcontroller supports powerful and efficient addressing
modes for access to the program memory (Flash) and data memory (SRAM, Register
file and I/O memory). This section describes the different addressing modes supported
by the AVR architecture. In the figures, OP means the operation code part of the instruction word. To simplify, not all figures show the exact location of the addressing bits.
Register Direct, Single
Register RD
Figure 9. Direct Single Register Addressing
The operand is contained in register d (Rd).
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Register Direct, Two Registers
Rd and Rr
Figure 10. Direct Register Addressing, Two Registers
Operands are contained in register r (Rr) and d (Rd). The result is stored in register d
(Rd).
I/O Direct
Figure 11. I/O Direct Addressing
Operand address is contained in six bits of the instruction word. n is the destination or
source register address.
Data Direct
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Figure 12. Direct Data Addressing
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AT90S8515
A 16-bit data address is contained in the 16 LSBs of a 2-word instruction. Rd/Rr specify
the destination or source register.
Data Indirect with
Displacement
Figure 13. Data Indirect with Displacement
Operand address is the result of the Y- or Z-register contents added to the address contained in six bits of the instruction word.
Data Indirect
Figure 14. Data Indirect Addressing
Operand address is the contents of the X-, Y-, or the Z-register.
Data Indirect with Predecrement
Figure 15. Data Indirect Addressing with Pre-decrement
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The X-, Y-, or the Z-register is decremented before the operation. Operand address is
the decremented contents of the X-, Y-, or the Z-register.
Data Indirect with Postincrement
Figure 16. Data Indirect Addressing with Post-increment
The X-, Y-, or the Z-register is incremented after the operation. Operand address is the
content of the X-, Y-, or the Z-register prior to incrementing.
Constant Addressing Using
the LPM Instruction
Figure 17. Code Memory Constant Addressing
PROGRAM MEMORY
$000
15
1 0
Z-REGISTER
$FFF
Constant byte address is specified by the Z-register contents. The 15 MSBs select word
address (0 - 4K), the LSB selects low byte if cleared (LSB = 0) or high byte if set (LSB =
1).
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Indirect Program Addressing,
IJMP and ICALL
Figure 18. Indirect Program Memory Addressing
PROGRAM MEMORY
$000
15
0
Z-REGISTER
$FFF
Program execution continues at address contained by the Z-register (i.e., the PC is
loaded with the contents of the Z-register).
Relative Program Addressing,
RJMP and RCALL
Figure 19. Relative Program Memory Addressing
PROGRAM MEMORY
$000
15
0
PC
+1
15
12 11
OP
0
k
$FFF
Program execution continues at address PC + k + 1. The relative address k is -2048 to
2047.
EEPROM Data Memory
The AT90S8515 contains 512 bytes of data EEPROM memory. It is organized as a separate data space, in which single bytes can be read and written. The EEPROM has an
endurance of at least 100,000 write/erase cycles. The access between the EEPROM
and the CPU is described on page 44, specifying the EEPROM address registers, the
EEPROM data register and the EEPROM control register.
For the SPI data downloading, see page 86 for a detailed description.
Memory Access Times
and Instruction
Execution Timing
This section describes the general access timing concepts for instruction execution and
internal memory access.
The AVR CPU is driven by the System Clock Ø, directly generated from the external
clock crystal for the chip. No internal clock division is used.
Figure 20 shows the parallel instruction fetches and instruction executions enabled by
the Harvard architecture and the fast-access register file concept. This is the basic pipelining concept to obtain up to 1 MIPS per MHz with the corresponding unique results for
functions per cost, functions per clocks and functions per power unit.
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Figure 20. The Parallel Instruction Fetches and Instruction Executions
T1
T2
T3
T4
System Clock Ø
1st Instruction Fetch
1st Instruction Execute
2nd Instruction Fetch
2nd Instruction Execute
3rd Instruction Fetch
3rd Instruction Execute
4th Instruction Fetch
Figure 21 shows the internal timing concept for the register file. In a single clock cycle
an ALU operation using two register operands is executed and the result is stored back
to the destination register.
Figure 21. Single Cycle ALU Operation
T1
T2
T3
T4
System Clock Ø
Total Execution Time
Register Operands Fetch
ALU Operation Execute
Result Write Back
The internal data SRAM access is performed in two System Clock cycles as described
in Figure 22.
Figure 22. On-chip Data SRAM Access Cycles
T1
T2
T3
T4
System Clock Ø
WR
Data
RD
Address
Write
Data
Prev. Address
Read
Address
See “Interface to External SRAM” on page 60 for a description of the access to the
external SRAM.
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I/O Memory
The I/O space definition of the AT90S8515 is shown in Table 1.
Table 1. AT90S8515 I/O Space
Address Hex
Name
Function
$3F ($5F)
SREG
Status Register
$3E ($5E)
SPH
Stack Pointer High
$3D ($5D)
SPL
Stack Pointer Low
$3B ($5B)
GIMSK
General Interrupt Mask register
$3A ($5A)
GIFR
General Interrupt Flag Register
$39 ($59)
TIMSK
Timer/Counter Interrupt Mask register
$38 ($58)
TIFR
Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag register
$35 ($55)
MCUCR
MCU general Control Register
$33 ($53)
TCCR0
Timer/Counter0 Control Register
$32 ($52)
TCNT0
Timer/Counter0 (8-bit)
$2F ($4F)
TCCR1A
Timer/Counter1 Control Register A
$2E ($4E)
TCCR1B
Timer/Counter1 Control Register B
$2D ($4D)
TCNT1H
Timer/Counter1 High Byte
$2C ($4C)
TCNT1L
Timer/Counter1 Low Byte
$2B ($4B)
OCR1AH
Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Register A High Byte
$2A ($4A)
OCR1AL
Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Register A Low Byte
$29 ($49)
OCR1BH
Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Register B High Byte
$28 ($48)
OCR1BL
Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Register B Low Byte
$25 ($45)
ICR1H
T/C 1 Input Capture Register High Byte
$24 ($44)
ICR1L
T/C 1 Input Capture Register Low Byte
$21 ($41)
WDTCR
Watchdog Timer Control Register
$1F ($3E)
EEARH
EEPROM Address Register High Byte (AT90S8515)
$1E ($3E)
EEARL
EEPROM Address Register Low Byte
$1D ($3D)
EEDR
EEPROM Data Register
$1C ($3C)
EECR
EEPROM Control Register
$1B ($3B)
PORTA
Data Register, Port A
$1A ($3A)
DDRA
Data Direction Register, Port A
$19 ($39)
PINA
Input Pins, Port A
$18 ($38)
PORTB
Data Register, Port B
$17 ($37)
DDRB
Data Direction Register, Port B
$16 ($36)
PINB
Input Pins, Port B
$15 ($35)
PORTC
Data Register, Port C
$14 ($34)
DDRC
Data Direction Register, Port C
$13 ($33)
PINC
Input Pins, Port C
$12 ($32)
PORTD
Data Register, Port D
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Table 1. AT90S8515 I/O Space (Continued)
Address Hex
Name
Function
$11 ($31)
DDRD
Data Direction Register, Port D
$10 ($30)
PIND
Input Pins, Port D
$0F ($2F)
SPDR
SPI I/O Data Register
$0E ($2E)
SPSR
SPI Status Register
$0D ($2D)
SPCR
SPI Control Register
$0C ($2C)
UDR
UART I/O Data Register
$0B ($2B)
USR
UART Status Register
$0A ($2A)
UCR
UART Control Register
$09 ($29)
UBRR
UART Baud Rate Register
$08 ($28)
ACSR
Analog Comparator Control and Status Register
Note:
Reserved and unused locations are not shown in the table.
All AT90S8515 I/Os and peripherals are placed in the I/O space. The I/O locations are
accessed by the IN and OUT instructions transferring data between the 32 general-purpose working registers and the I/O space. I/O registers within the address range $00 $1F are directly bit-accessible using the SBI and CBI instructions. In these registers, the
value of single bits can be checked by using the SBIS and SBIC instructions. Refer to
the instruction set section for more details. When using the I/O-specific commands IN
and OUT, the I/O addresses $00 - $3F must be used. When addressing I/O registers as
SRAM, $20 must be added to this address. All I/O register addresses throughout this
document are shown with the SRAM address in parentheses.
For compatibility with future devices, reserved bits should be written to zero if accessed.
Reserved I/O memory addresses should never be written.
Some of the status flags are cleared by writing a logical “1” to them. Note that the CBI
and SBI instructions will operate on all bits in the I/O register, writing a “1” back into any
flag read as set, thus clearing the flag. The CBI and SBI instructions work with registers
$00 to $1F only.
The I/O and peripherals control registers are explained in the following sections.
Status Register – SREG
The AVR status register (SREG) at I/O space location $3F ($5F) is defined as:
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$3F ($5F)
I
T
H
S
V
N
Z
C
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SREG
• Bit 7 – I: Global Interrupt Enable
The global interrupt enable bit must be set (one) for the interrupts to be enabled. The
individual interrupt enable control is then performed in separate control registers. If the
global interrupt enable bit is cleared (zero), none of the interrupts are enabled independent of the individual interrupt enable settings. The I-bit is cleared by hardware after an
interrupt has occurred and is set by the RETI instruction to enable subsequent
interrupts.
• Bit 6 – T: Bit Copy Storage
The bit copy instructions BLD (Bit LoaD) and BST (Bit STore) use the T-bit as source
and destination for the operated bit. A bit from a register in the register file can be copied
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into T by the BST instruction and a bit in T can be copied into a bit in a register in the
register file by the BLD instruction.
• Bit 5 – H: Half-carry Flag
The half-carry flag H indicates a half-carry in some arithmetic operations. See the
Instruction Set description for detailed information.
• Bit 4 – S: Sign Bit, S = N⊄⊕ V
The S-bit is always an exclusive or between the negative flag N and the two’s complement overflow flag V. See the Instruction Set description for detailed information.
• Bit 3 – V: Two’s Complement Overflow Flag
The two’s complement overflow flag V supports two’s complement arithmetics. See the
Instruction Set description for detailed information.
• Bit 2 – N: Negative Flag
The negative flag N indicates a negative result after the different arithmetic and logic
operations. See the Instruction Set description for detailed information.
• Bit 1 – Z: Zero Flag
The zero flag Z indicates a zero result after the different arithmetic and logic operations.
See the Instruction Set description for detailed information.
• Bit 0 – C: Carry Flag
The carry flag C indicates a carry in an arithmetic or logic operation. See the Instruction
Set description for detailed information.
Note that the Status Register is not automatically stored when entering an interrupt routine and restored when returning from an interrupt routine. This must be handled by
software.
Stack Pointer – SP
The general AVR 16-bit Stack Pointer is effectively built up of two 8-bit registers in the
I/O space locations $3E ($5E) and $3D ($5D). As the AT90S8515 supports up to 64 Kb
external SRAM, all 16 bits are used.
Bit
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
$3E ($5E)
SP15
SP14
SP13
SP12
SP11
SP10
SP9
SP8
SPH
$3D ($5D)
SP7
SP6
SP5
SP4
SP3
SP2
SP1
SP0
SPL
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Read/Write
Initial Value
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
The Stack Pointer points to the data SRAM stack area where the Subroutine and Interrupt stacks are located. This stack space in the data SRAM must be defined by the
program before any subroutine calls are executed or interrupts are enabled. The Stack
Pointer must be set to point above $60. The Stack Pointer is decremented by 1 when
data is pushed onto the stack with the PUSH instruction and it is decremented by 2
when an address is pushed onto the stack with subroutine calls and interrupts. The
Stack Pointer is incremented by 1 when data is popped from the stack with the POP
instruction and it is incremented by 2 when an address is popped from the stack with
return from subroutine RET or return from interrupt RETI.
21
0841G–09/01
Reset and Interrupt
Handling
The AT90S8515 provides 12 different interrupt sources. These interrupts and the separate reset vector each have a separate program vector in the program memory space.
All interrupts are assigned individual enable bits that must be set (one) together with the
I-bit in the Status Register in order to enable the interrupt.
The lowest addresses in the program memory space are automatically defined as the
Reset and Interrupt vectors. The complete list of vectors is shown in Table 2. The list
also determines the priority levels of the different interrupts. The lower the address, the
higher the priority level. RESET has the highest priority, and next is INT0 (the External
Interrupt Request 0), etc.
Table 2. Reset and Interrupt Vectors
Vector No.
Program
Address
Source
Interrupt Definition
1
$000
RESET
External Reset, Power-on Reset and
Watchdog Reset
2
$001
INT0
External Interrupt Request 0
3
$002
INT1
External Interrupt Request 1
4
$003
TIMER1 CAPT
Timer/Counter1 Capture Event
5
$004
TIMER1 COMPA
Timer/Counter1 Compare Match A
6
$005
TIMER1 COMPB
Timer/Counter1 Compare Match B
7
$006
TIMER1 OVF
Timer/Counter1 Overflow
8
$007
TIMER0, OVF
Timer/Counter0 Overflow
9
$008
SPI, STC
Serial Transfer Complete
10
$009
UART, RX
UART, Rx Complete
11
$00A
UART, UDRE
UART Data Register Empty
12
$00B
UART, TX
UART, Tx Complete
13
$00C
ANA_COMP
Analog Comparator
The most typical and general program setup for the Reset and Interrupt vector
addresses are:
Address
Labels
Code
Comments
$000
rjmp
RESET
; Reset Handler
$001
rjmp
EXT_INT0
; IRQ0 Handler
$002
rjmp
EXT_INT1
; IRQ1 Handler
$003
rjmp
TIM1_CAPT
; Timer1 Capture Handler
$004
rjmp
TIM1_COMPA
; Timer1 CompareA Handler
$005
rjmp
TIM1_COMPB
; Timer1 CompareB Handler
$006
rjmp
TIM1_OVF
$007
rjmp
TIM0_OVF
; Timer0 Overflow Handler
$008
rjmp
SPI_STC
; SPI Transfer Complete Handler
$009
rjmp
UART_RXC
; UART RX Complete Handler
$00a
rjmp
UART_DRE
; UDR Empty Handler
$00b
rjmp
UART_TXC
; UART TX Complete Handler
$00c
rjmp
ANA_COMP
; Analog Comparator Handler
; Timer1 Overflow Handler
;
$00d
$00e
22
MAIN:
ldi r16,high(RAMEND); Main program start
out SPH,r16
AT90S8515
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515
$00f
ldi r16,low(RAMEND)
$010
out SPL,r16
$011
<instr>
…
Reset Sources
…
…
xxx
…
The AT90S8515 has three sources of reset:
•
Power-on Reset. The MCU is reset when the supply voltage is below the Power-on
Reset threshold (VPOT).
•
External Reset. The MCU is reset when a low level is present on the RESET pin for
more than 50 ns.
•
Watchdog Reset. The MCU is reset when the Watchdog timer period expires and
the Watchdog is enabled.
During reset, all I/O registers are set to their initial values and the program starts execution from address $000. The instruction placed in address $000 must be an RJMP
(relative jump) instruction to the reset handling routine. If the program never enables an
interrupt source, the interrupt vectors are not used and regular program code can be
placed at these locations. The circuit diagram in Figure 23 shows the reset logic. Table 3
defines the timing and electrical parameters of the reset circuitry.
Figure 23. Reset Logic
Table 3. Reset Characteristics
Symbol
Parameter
Min
Typ
Max
Units
VPOT(Not
Power-on Reset Threshold Voltage (rising)
0.8
1.2
1.6
V
Power-on Reset Threshold Voltage (falling)
0.2
0.4
0.6
V
–
–
0.9 VCC
V
e:)
VRST
RESET Pin Threshold Voltage
tTOUT
Reset Delay Time-out Period FSTRT
Unprogrammed
11.0
16.0
21.0
ms
tTOUT
Reset Delay Time-out Period FSTRT
Programmed
0.25
0.28
0.31
ms
Note:
The Power-on Reset will not work unless the supply voltage has been below VPOT
(falling).
23
0841G–09/01
The user can select the start-up time according to typical oscillator start-up. The number
of WDT oscillator cycles used for each time-out is shown in Table 4. The frequency of
the Watchdog Oscillator is voltage-dependent as shown in “Typical Characteristics” on
page 95.
Table 4. Number of Watchdog Oscillator Cycles
Power-on Reset
FSTRT
Time-out at VCC = 5V
Number of WDT Cycles
Programmed
0.28 ms
256
Unprogrammed
16.0 ms
16K
A Power-on Reset (POR) circuit ensures that the device is reset from power-on. As
shown in Figure 23, an internal timer clocked from the Watchdog Timer oscillator prevents the MCU from starting until after a certain period after VCC has reached the Poweron Threshold Voltage (V POT ), regardless of the V CC rise time (see Figure 24). The
FSTRT Fuse bit in the Flash can be programmed to give a shorter start-up time if a
ceramic resonator or any other fast-start oscillator is used to clock the MCU.
If the built-in start-up delay is sufficient, RESET can be connected to VCC directly or via
an external pull-up resistor. By holding the pin low for a period after V CC has been
applied, the Power-on Reset period can be extended. Refer to Figure 25 for a timing
example of this.
Figure 24. MCU Start-up, RESET Tied to VCC.
VCC
RESET
VPOT
VRST
tTOUT
TIME-OUT
INTERNAL
RESET
Figure 25. MCU Start-up, RESET Controlled Externally
VCC
RESET
TIME-OUT
VPOT
VRST
tTOUT
INTERNAL
RESET
24
AT90S8515
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515
External Reset
An external reset is generated by a low level on the RESET pin. Reset pulses longer
than 50 ns will generate a reset, even if the clock is not running. Shorter pulses are not
guaranteed to generate a reset. When the applied signal reaches the Reset Threshold
Voltage (VRST) on its positive edge, the delay timer starts the MCU after the Time-out
period tTOUT has expired.
Figure 26. External Reset during Operation
Watchdog Reset
When the Watchdog times out, it will generate a short reset pulse of 1 XTAL cycle duration. On the falling edge of this pulse, the delay timer starts counting the Time-out period
tTOUT. Refer to page 42 for details on operation of the Watchdog.
Figure 27. Watchdog Reset during Operation
Interrupt Handling
The AT90S8515 has two 8-bit interrupt mask control registers; GIMSK (General Interrupt Mask register) and TIMSK (Timer/Counter Interrupt Mask register).
When an interrupt occurs, the Global Interrupt Enable I-bit is cleared (zero) and all interrupts are disabled. The user software can set (one) the I-bit to enable nested interrupts.
The I-bit is set (one) when a Return from Interrupt instruction (RETI) is executed.
For interrupts triggered by events that can remain static (e.g., the Output Compare
Register1 matching the value of Timer/Counter1), the interrupt flag is set when the event
occurs. If the interrupt flag is cleared and the interrupt condition persists, the flag will not
be set until the event occurs the next time.
When the Program Counter is vectored to the actual interrupt vector in order to execute
the interrupt handling routine, hardware clears the corresponding flag that generated the
25
0841G–09/01
interrupt. Some of the interrupt flags can also be cleared by writing a logical “1” to the
flag bit position(s) to be cleared.
If an interrupt condition occurs when the corresponding interrupt enable bit is cleared
(zero), the interrupt flag will be set and remembered until the interrupt is enabled or the
flag is cleared by software.
If one or more interrupt conditions occur when the global interrupt enable bit is cleared
(zero), the corresponding interrupt flag(s) will be set and remembered until the global
interrupt enable bit is set (one) and will be executed by order of priority.
Note that external level interrupt does not have a flag and will only be remembered for
as long as the interrupt condition is active.
General Interrupt Mask
Register – GIMSK
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$3B ($5B)
INT1
INT0
–
–
–
–
–
–
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R
R
R
R
R
R
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
GIMSK
• Bit 7 – INT1: External Interrupt Request 1 Enable
When the INT1 bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register (SREG) is set (one),
the external pin interrupt is enabled. The Interrupt Sense Control1 bits 1/0 (ISC11 and
ISC10) in the MCU general Control Register (MCUCR) define whether the external
interrupt is activated on rising or falling edge of the INT1 pin or is level-sensed. Activity
on the pin will cause an interrupt request even if INT1 is configured as an output. The
corresponding interrupt of External Interrupt Request 1 is executed from program memory address $002. See also “External Interrupts”.
• Bit 6 – INT0: External Interrupt Request 0 Enable
When the INT0 bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register (SREG) is set (one),
the external pin interrupt is enabled. The Interrupt Sense Control0 bits 1/0 (ISC01 and
ISC00) in the MCU general Control Register (MCUCR) define whether the external
interrupt is activated on rising or falling edge of the INT0 pin or is level-sensed. Activity
on the pin will cause an interrupt request even if INT0 is configured as an output. The
corresponding interrupt of External Interrupt Request 0 is executed from program memory address $001. See also “External Interrupts”.
• Bits 5..0 – Res: Reserved Bits
These bits are reserved bits in the AT90S8515 and always read as zero.
General Interrupt Flag
Register – GIFR
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
$3A ($5A)
INTF1
INTF0
–
–
–
–
–
0
–
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R
R
R
R
R
R
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
GIFR
• Bit 7 – INTF1: External Interrupt Flag1
When an edge on the INT1 pin triggers an interrupt request, the corresponding interrupt
flag, INTF1 becomes set (one). If the I-bit in SREG and the corresponding interrupt
enable bit, INT1 in GIMSK is set (one), the MCU will jump to the interrupt vector. The
flag is cleared when the interrupt routine is executed. Alternatively, the flag can be
cleared by writing a logical “1” to it. This flag is always cleared when INT1 is configured
as level interrupt.
26
AT90S8515
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515
• Bit 6 – INTF0: External Interrupt Flag0
When an edge on the INT0 pin triggers an interrupt request, the corresponding interrupt
flag, INTF0, becomes set (one). If the I-bit in SREG and the corresponding interrupt
enable bit, INT0 in GIMSK are set (one), the MCU will jump to the interrupt vector. The
flag is cleared when the interrupt routine is executed. Alternatively, the flag is cleared by
writing a logical “1” to it. This flag is always cleared when INT0 is configured as level
interrupt.
• Bits 5..0 – Res: Reserved Bits
These bits are reserved bits in the AT90S8515 and always read as zero.
Timer/Counter Interrupt Mask
Register – TIMSK
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
TOIE1
OCIE1A
OCIE1B
–
TICIE1
–
TOIE0
–
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R
R/W
R
R/W
R
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
$39 ($59)
0
TIMSK
• Bit 7 – TOIE1: Timer/Counter1 Overflow Interrupt Enable
When the TOIE1 bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register is set (one), the
Timer/Counter1 Overflow interrupt is enabled. The corresponding interrupt (at vector
$006) is executed if an overflow in Timer/Counter1 occurs, i.e., when the TOV1 bit is set
in the Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register (TIFR).
• Bit 6 – OCE1A: Timer/Counter1 Output CompareA Match Interrupt Enable
When the OCIE1A bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register is set (one), the
Timer/Counter1 CompareA Match interrupt is enabled. The corresponding interrupt (at
vector $004) is executed if a CompareA match in Timer/Counter1 occurs, i.e., when the
OCF1A bit is set in the Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register (TIFR).
• Bit 5 – OCIE1B: Timer/Counter1 Output CompareB Match Interrupt Enable
When the OCIE1B bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register is set (one), the
Timer/Counter1 CompareB Match interrupt is enabled. The corresponding interrupt (at
vector $005) is executed if a CompareB match in Timer/Counter1 occurs, i.e., when the
OCF1B bit is set in the Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register (TIFR).
• Bit 4 – Res: Reserved Bit
This bit is a reserved bit in the AT90S8515 and always reads zero.
• Bit 3 – TICIE1: Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Interrupt Enable
When the TICIE1 bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register is set (one), the
Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Event interrupt is enabled. The corresponding interrupt
(at vector $003) is executed if a capture-triggering event occurs on pin 31, ICP, i.e.,
when the ICF1 bit is set in the Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register (TIFR).
• Bit 2 – Res: Reserved Bit
This bit is a reserved bit in the AT90S8515 and always reads zero.
• Bit 1 – TOIE0: Timer/Counter0 Overflow Interrupt Enable
When the TOIE0 bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register is set (one), the
Timer/Counter0 Overflow interrupt is enabled. The corresponding interrupt (at vector
$007) is executed if an overflow in Timer/Counter0 occurs, i.e., when the TOV0 bit is set
in the Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register (TIFR).
• Bit 0 – Res: Reserved Bit
This bit is a reserved bit in the AT90S8515 and always reads zero.
27
0841G–09/01
Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag
Register – TIFR
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
TOV1
OCF1A
OCIFB
–
ICF1
–
TOV0
–
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R
R/W
R
R/W
R
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
$38 ($58)
0
TIFR
• Bit 7 – TOV1: Timer/Counter1 Overflow Flag
The TOV1 is set (one) when an overflow occurs in Timer/Counter1. TOV1 is cleared by
hardware when executing the corresponding interrupt handling vector. Alternatively,
TOV1 is cleared by writing a logical “1” to the flag. When the I-bit in SREG, TOIE1
(Ti mer /Counter 1 O v erfl ow Inte rr upt Enabl e) and TOV 1 ar e s et ( one ), the
Timer/Counter1 Overflow interrupt is executed. In PWM mode, this bit is set when
Timer/Counter1 changes counting direction at $0000.
• Bit 6 – OCF1A: Output Compare Flag 1A
The OCF1A bit is set (one) when compare match occurs between the Timer/Counter1
and the data in OCR1A (Output Compare Register 1A). OCF1A is cleared by hardware
when executing the corresponding interrupt handling vector. Alternatively, OCF1A is
cleared by writing a logical “1” to the flag. When the I-bit in SREG, OCIE1A
(Timer/Counter1 Compare Match InterruptA Enable) and the OCF1A are set (one), the
Timer/Counter1 CompareA Match interrupt is executed.
• Bit 5 – OCF1B: Output Compare Flag 1B
The OCF1B bit is set (one) when compare match occurs between the Timer/Counter1
and the data in OCR1B (Output Compare Register 1B). OCF1B is cleared by hardware
when executing the corresponding interrupt handling vector. Alternatively, OCF1B is
cleared by writing a logical “1” to the flag. When the I-bit in SREG, OCIE1B
(Timer/Counter1 Compare Match InterruptB Enable) and the OCF1B are set (one), the
Timer/Counter1 CompareB Match interrupt is executed.
• Bit 4 – Res: Reserved Bit
This bit is a reserved bit in the AT90S8515 and always reads zero.
• Bit 3 – ICF1: Input Capture Flag 1
The ICF1 bit is set (one) to flag an input capture event, indicating that the
Timer/Counter1 value has been transferred to the input capture register (ICR1). ICF1 is
cleared by hardware when executing the corresponding interrupt handling vector. Alternatively, ICF1 is cleared by writing a logical “1” to the flag. When the SREG I-bit, TICIE1
(Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Interrupt Enable) and ICF1 are set (one), the
Timer/Counter1 Capture interrupt is executed.
• Bit 2 – Res: Reserved Bit
This bit is a reserved bit in the AT90S8515 and always reads zero.
• Bit 1 – TOV: Timer/Counter0 Overflow Flag
The bit TOV0 is set (one) when an overflow occurs in Timer/Counter0. TOV0 is cleared
by hardware when executing the corresponding interrupt handling vector. Alternatively,
TOV0 is cleared by writing a logical “1” to the flag. When the SREG I-bit, TOIE0
(Ti mer /Counter 0 O v erfl ow Inte rr upt Enabl e) and TOV 0 ar e s et ( one ), the
Timer/Counter0 Overflow interrupt is executed.
• Bit 0 – Res: Reserved Bit
This bit is a reserved bit in the AT90S8515 and always reads zero.
28
AT90S8515
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515
External Interrupts
The external interrupts are triggered by the INT1 and INT0 pins. Observe that, if
enabled, the interrupts will trigger even if the INT0/INT1 pins are configured as outputs.
This feature provides a way of generating a software interrupt. The external interrupts
can be triggered by a falling or rising edge or a low level. This is set up as indicated in
the specification for the MCU Control Register (MCUCR). When the external interrupt is
enabled and is configured as level-triggered, the interrupt will trigger as long as the pin
is held low.
The external interrupts are set up as described in the specification for the MCU Control
Register (MCUCR).
Interrupt Response Time
The interrupt execution response for all the enabled AVR interrupts is four clock cycles
minimum. Four clock cycles after the interrupt flag has been set, the program vector
address for the actual interrupt handling routine is executed. During this 4-clock-cycle
period, the Program Counter (2 bytes) is pushed onto the stack and the Stack Pointer is
decremented by 2. The vector is normally a relative jump to the interrupt routine, and
this jump takes two clock cycles. If an interrupt occurs during execution of a multi-cycle
instruction, this instruction is completed before the interrupt is served.
A return from an interrupt handling routine (same as for a subroutine call routine) takes
four clock cycles. During these four clock cycles, the Program Counter (2 bytes) is
popped back from the stack, the Stack Pointer is incremented by 2 and the I-flag in
SREG is set. When the AVR exits from an interrupt, it will always return to the main program and execute one more instruction before any pending interrupt is served.
Note that the Status Register (SREG) is not handled by the AVR hardware, for neither
interrupts nor subroutines. For the interrupt handling routines requiring a storage of the
SREG, this must be performed by user software.
For interrupts triggered by events that can remain static (e.g., the Output Compare
Register1 A matching the value of Timer/Counter1), the interrupt flag is set when the
event occurs. If the interrupt flag is cleared and the interrupt condition persists, the flag
will not be set until the event occurs the next time. Note that an external level interrupt
will only be remembered for as long as the interrupt condition is active.
MCU Control Register –
MCUCR
The MCU Control Register contains control bits for general MCU functions.
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$35 ($55)
SRE
SRW
SE
SM
ISC11
ISC10
ISC01
ISC00
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MCUCR
• Bit 7 – SRE: External SRAM Enable
When the SRE bit is set (one), the external data SRAM is enabled and the pin functions
AD0 - 7 (Port A), A8 - 15 (Port C), WR and RD (Port D) are activated as the alternate pin
functions. Then the SRE bit overrides any pin direction settings in the respective data
direction registers. See “SRAM Data Memory – Internal and External” on page 12 for a
description of the external SRAM pin functions. When the SRE bit is cleared (zero), the
external data SRAM is disabled and the normal pin and data direction settings are used.
• Bit 6 – SRW: External SRAM Wait State
When the SRW bit is set (one), a one-cycle wait state is inserted in the external data
SRAM access cycle. When the SRW bit is cleared (zero), the external data SRAM
access is executed with the normal three-cycle scheme. See Figure 43 and Figure 44.
29
0841G–09/01
• Bit 5 – SE: Sleep Enable
The SE bit must be set (one) to make the MCU enter the Sleep Mode when the SLEEP
instruction is executed. To avoid the MCU entering the Sleep Mode, unless it is the programmer’s purpose, it is recommended to set the Sleep Enable (SE) bit just before the
execution of the SLEEP instruction.
• Bit 4 – SM: Sleep Mode
This bit selects between the two available sleep modes. When SM is cleared (zero), Idle
Mode is selected as Sleep Mode. When SM is set (one), Power-down mode is selected
as Sleep Mode. For details, refer to the section “Sleep Modes”.
• Bits 3, 2 – ISC11, ISC10: Interrupt Sense Control 1, Bit 1 and Bit 0
The External Interrupt 1 is activated by the external pin INT1 if the SREG I-flag and the
corresponding interrupt mask in the GIMSK are set. The level and edges on the external
INT1 pin that activate the interrupt are defined in Table 5.
Table 5. Interrupt 1 Sense Control
ISC11
ISC10
Description
0
0
The low level of INT1 generates an interrupt request.
0
1
Reserved
1
0
The falling edge of INT1 generates an interrupt request.
1
1
The rising edge of INT1 generates an interrupt request.
• Bits 1, 0 – ISC01, ISC00: Interrupt Sense Control 0, Bit 1 and Bit 0
The External Interrupt 0 is activated by the external pin INT0 if the SREG I-flag and the
corresponding interrupt mask are set. The level and edges on the external INT0 pin that
activate the interrupt are defined in Table 6.
Table 6. Interrupt 0 Sense Control
ISC01
ISC00
Description
0
0
The low level of INT0 generates an interrupt request.
0
1
Reserved
1
0
The falling edge of INT0 generates an interrupt request.
1
1
The rising edge of INT0 generates an interrupt request.
The value on the INTn pin is sampled before detecting edges. If edge interrupt is
selected, pulses with a duration longer than one CPU clock period will generate an interrupt. Shorter pulses are not guaranteed to generate an interrupt. If low-level interrupt is
selected, the low level must be held until the completion of the currently executing
instruction to generate an interrupt. If enabled, a level-triggered interrupt will generate
an interrupt request as long as the pin is held low.
30
AT90S8515
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515
Sleep Modes
To enter the sleep modes, the SE bit in MCUCR must be set (one) and a SLEEP instruction must be executed. If an enabled interrupt occurs while the MCU is in a sleep mode,
the MCU awakes, executes the interrupt routine and resumes execution from the
instruction following SLEEP. The contents of the register file, SRAM and I/O memory
are unaltered. If a reset occurs during Sleep Mode, the MCU wakes up and executes
from the Reset vector.
Idle Mode
When the SM bit is cleared (zero), the SLEEP instruction forces the MCU into the Idle
Mode, stopping the CPU but allowing Timer/Counters, Watchdog and the interrupt system to continue operating. This enables the MCU to wake up from external triggered
interrupts as well as internal ones like Timer Overflow interrupt and Watchdog reset. If
wake-up from the Analog Comparator interrupt is not required, the Analog Comparator
can be powered down by setting the ACD-bit in the Analog Comparator Control and Status Register (ACSR). This will reduce power consumption in Idle Mode. When the MCU
wakes up from Idle Mode, the CPU starts program execution immediately.
Power-down Mode
When the SM bit is set (one), the SLEEP instruction forces the MCU into the Powerdown mode. In this mode, the external oscillator is stopped, while the external interrupts
and the Watchdog (if enabled) continue operating. Only an external reset, a Watchdog
reset (if enabled), or an external level interrupt on INT0 or INT1 can wake up the MCU.
Note that when a level-triggered interrupt is used for wake-up from power-down, the low
level must be held for a time longer than the reset delay Time-out period tTOUT. Otherwise, the MCU will fail to wake up.
31
0841G–09/01
Timer/Counters
The AT90S8515 provides two general-purpose Timer/Counters – one 8-bit T/C and one
16-bit T/C. The Timer/Counters have individual prescaling selection from the same 10bit prescaling timer. Both Timer/Counters can either be used as a timer with an internal
clock time base or as a counter with an external pin connection that triggers the
counting.
Timer/Counter Prescaler
Figure 28 shows the general Timer/Counter prescaler.
Figure 28. Timer/Counter Prescaler
TCK1
TCK0
The four different prescaled selections are: CK/8, CK/64, CK/256 and CK/1024, where
CK is the oscillator clock. For the two Timer/Counters, added selections such as CK,
external source and stop can be selected as clock sources.
8-bit Timer/Counter0
Figure 29 shows the block diagram for Timer/Counter0.
The 8-bit Timer/Counter0 can select clock source from CK, prescaled CK or an external
pin. In addition, it can be stopped as described in the specification for the
Timer/Counter0 Control Register (TCCR0). The overflow status flag is found in the
Timer/Counter Insterrupt Flag Register (TIFR). Control signals are found in the
Timer/Counter0 Control Register (TCCR0). The interrupt enable/disable settings for
Timer/Counter0 are found in the Timer/Counter Interrupt Mask Register (TIMSK).
When Timer/Counter0 is externally clocked, the external signal is synchronized with the
oscillator frequency of the CPU. To assure proper sampling of the external clock, the
minimum time between two external clock transitions must be at least one internal CPU
clock period. The external clock signal is sampled on the rising edge of the internal CPU
clock.
The 8-bit Timer/Counter0 features both a high-resolution and a high-accuracy usage
with the lower prescaling opportunities. Similarly, the high prescaling opportunities make
the Timer/Counter0 useful for lower speed functions or exact timing functions with infrequent actions.
32
AT90S8515
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515
Figure 29. Timer/Counter0 Block Diagram
Timer/Counter0 Control
Register – TCCR0
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$33 ($53)
–
–
–
–
–
CS02
CS01
CS00
Read/Write
R
R
R
R
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TCCR0
• Bits 7..3 – Res: Reserved Bits
These bits are reserved bits in the AT90S8515 and always read as zero.
• Bits 2, 1, 0 – CS02, CS01, CS00: Clock Select0, Bits 2, 1 and 0
The Clock Select0 bits 2, 1 and 0 define the prescaling source of Timer/Counter0.
Table 7. Clock 0 Prescale Select
CS02
CS01
CS00
Description
0
0
0
Stop, the Timer/Counter0 is stopped.
0
0
1
CK
0
1
0
CK/8
0
1
1
CK/64
1
0
0
CK/256
1
0
1
CK/1024
1
1
0
External Pin T0, falling edge
1
1
1
External Pin T0, rising edge
33
0841G–09/01
The Stop condition provides a Timer Enable/Disable function. The CK down divided
modes are scaled directly from the CK oscillator clock. If the external pin modes are
used for Timer/Counter0, transitions on PB0/(T0) will clock the counter even if the pin is
configured as an output. This feature can give the user software control of the counting.
Timer Counter0 – TCNT0
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$32 ($52)
MSB
LSB
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TCNT0
The Timer/Counter0 is realized as an up-counter with read and write access. If the
Timer/Counter0 is written and a clock source is present, the Timer/Counter0 continues
counting in the clock cycle following the write operation.
16-bit Timer/Counter1
Figure 30 shows the block diagram for Timer/Counter1.
Figure 30. Timer/Counter1 Block Diagram
T1
The 16-bit Timer/Counter1 can select clock source from CK, prescaled CK or an external pin. In addition, it can be stopped as described in the specification for the
Timer/Counter1 Control Registers (TCCR1A and TCCR1B). The different status flags
(overflow, compare match and capture event) are found in the Timer/Counter Interrupt
Flag Register (TIFR). Control signals are found in the Timer/Counter1 Control Registers
34
AT90S8515
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515
(TCCR1A and TCCR1B). The interrupt enable/disable settings for Timer/Counter1 are
found in the Timer/Counter Interrupt Mask Register (TIMSK).
When Timer/Counter1 is externally clocked, the external signal is synchronized with the
oscillator frequency of the CPU. To assure proper sampling of the external clock, the
minimum time between two external clock transitions must be at least one internal CPU
clock period. The external clock signal is sampled on the rising edge of the internal CPU
clock.
The 16-bit Timer/Counter1 features both a high-resolution and a high-accuracy usage
with the lower prescaling opportunities. Similarly, the high prescaling opportunities make
the Timer/Counter1 useful for lower speed functions or exact timing functions with infrequent actions.
The Timer/Counter1 supports two Output Compare functions using the Output Compare
Register 1 A and B (OCR1A and OCR1B) as the data sources to be compared to the
Timer/Counter1 contents. The Output Compare functions include optional clearing of
the counter on compareA match and actions on the Output Compare pins on both compare matches.
Timer/Counter1 can also be used as an 8-, 9- or 10-bit Pulse Width Modulator. In this
mode, the counter and the OCR1A/OCR1B registers serve as a dual, glitch-free, standalone PWM with centered pulses. Refer to page 47 for a detailed description of this
function.
The Input Capture function of Timer/Counter1 provides a capture of the Timer/Counter1
contents to the Input Capture Register (ICR1), triggered by an external event on the
input capture pin (ICP). The actual capture event settings are defined by the
Timer/Counter1 Control Register (TCCR1B). In addition, the Analog Comparator can be
set to trigger the Input Capture. Refer to “Analog Comparator” on page 59 for details on
this. The ICP pin logic is shown in Figure 31.
Figure 31. ICP Pin Schematic Diagram
If the Noise Canceler function is enabled, the actual trigger condition for the capture
event is monitored over four samples and all four must be equal to activate the capture
flag.
35
0841G–09/01
Timer/Counter1 Control
Register A – TCCR1A
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
COM1A1
COM1A0
COM1B1
COM1B0
–
–
PWM11
PWM10
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R
R
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
$2F ($4F)
TCCR1A
• Bits 7, 6 – COM1A1, COM1A0: Compare Output Mode1A, Bits 1 and 0
The COM1A1 and COM1A0 control bits determine any output pin action following a
compare match in Timer/Counter1. Any output pin actions affect pin OC1A (Output
CompareA pin 1). This is an alternative function to an I/O port and the
corresponding direction control bit must be set (one) to control the output pin. The control configuration is shown in Table 8.
• Bits 5, 4 – COM1B1, COM1B0: Compare Output Mode1B, Bits 1 and 0
The COM1B1 and COM1B0 control bits determine any output pin action following a
compare match in Timer/Counter1. Any output pin actions affect pin OC1B (Output
CompareB). The control configuration is given in Table 8.
Table 8. Compare 1 Mode Select
COM1X1
COM1X0
0
0
Timer/Counter1 disconnected from output pin OC1X
0
1
Toggle the OC1X output line.
1
0
Clear the OC1X output line (to zero).
1
1
Set the OC1X output line (to one).
Note:
Description
X = A or B
In PWM mode, these bits have a different function. Refer to Table 12 on page 40 for a
detailed description.
• Bits 3..2 – Res: Reserved Bits
These bits are reserved bits in the AT90S8515 and always read zero.
• Bits 1..0 – PWM11, PWM10: Pulse Width Modulator Select Bits 1 and 0
These bits select PWM operation of Timer/Counter1 as specified in Table 9. This mode
is described on page 40.
Table 9. PWM Mode Select
36
PWM11
PWM10
Description
0
0
PWM operation of Timer/Counter1 is disabled
0
1
Timer/Counter1 is an 8-bit PWM
1
0
Timer/Counter1 is a 9-bit PWM
1
1
Timer/Counter1 is a 10-bit PWM
AT90S8515
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515
Timer/Counter1 Control
Register B – TCCR1B
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$2E ($4E)
ICNC1
ICES1
–
–
CTC1
CS12
CS11
CS10
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TCCR1B
• Bit 7 – ICNC1: Input Capture1 Noise Canceler (4 CKs)
When the ICNC1 bit is cleared (zero), the input capture trigger noise canceler function is
disabled. The input capture is triggered at the first rising/falling edge sampled on the ICP
(input capture pin) as specified. When the ICNC1 bit is set (one), four successive samples are measured on the ICP, and all samples must be high/low according to the input
capture trigger specification in the ICES1 bit. The actual sampling frequency is XTAL
clock frequency.
• Bit 6 – ICES1: Input Capture1 Edge Select
While the ICES1 bit is cleared (zero), the Timer/Counter1 contents are transferred to the
Input Capture Register (ICR1) on the falling edge of the input capture pin (ICP). While
the ICES1 bit is set (one), the Timer/Counter1 contents are transferred to the ICR1 on
the rising edge of the ICP.
• Bits 5, 4 – Res: Reserved Bits
These bits are reserved bits in the AT90S8515 and always read zero.
• Bit 3 – CTC1: Clear Timer/Counter1 on Compare Match
When the CTC1 control bit is set (one), the Timer/Counter1 is reset to $0000 in the clock
cycle after a compareA match. If the CTC1 control bit is cleared, Timer/Counter1 continues counting and is unaffected by a compare match. Since the compare match is
detected in the CPU clock cycle following the match, this function will behave differently
when a prescaling higher than 1 is used for the timer. When a prescaling of 1 is used,
and the compareA register is set to C, the timer will count as follows if CTC1 is set:
... | C-2 | C-1 | C | 0 | 1 | ...
When the prescaler is set to divide by 8, the timer will count like this:
... | C-2, C-2, C-2, C-2, C-2, C-2, C-2, C-2 | C-1, C-1, C-1, C-1, C-1, C-1, C-1, C-1 | C, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 | ...
In PWM mode, this bit has no effect.
• Bits 2, 1, 0 – CS12, CS11, CS10: Clock Select1, Bits 2, 1 and 0
The Clock Select1 bits 2, 1 and 0 define the prescaling source of Timer/Counter1.
Table 10. Clock 1 Prescale Select
CS12
CS11
CS10
Description
0
0
0
Stop, the Timer/Counter1 is stopped.
0
0
1
CK
0
1
0
CK/8
0
1
1
CK/64
1
0
0
CK/256
1
0
1
CK/1024
1
1
0
External Pin T1, falling edge
1
1
1
External Pin T1, rising edge
37
0841G–09/01
The Stop condition provides a Timer Enable/Disable function. The CK down divided
modes are scaled directly from the CK oscillator clock. If the external pin modes are
used for Timer/Counter1, transitions on PB1/(T1) will clock the counter even if the pin is
configured as an output. This feature can give the user software control of the counting.
Timer/Counter1 – TCNT1H
AND TCNT1L
Bit
15
$2D ($4D)
14
13
12
11
10
9
TCNT1H
$2C ($4C)
Read/Write
Initial Value
8
MSB
LSB
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TCNT1L
This 16-bit register contains the prescaled value of the 16-bit Timer/Counter1. To
ensure that both the high and low bytes are read and written simultaneously when the
CPU accesses these registers, the access is performed using an 8-bit
temporary register (TEMP). This temporary register is also used when accessing
OCR1A, OCR1B and ICR1. If the main program and interrupt routines perform access
to registers using TEMP, interrupts must be disabled during access from the main program (and from interrupt routines if interrupts are allowed from within interrupt routines).
•
TCNT1 Timer/Counter1 Write:
When the CPU writes to the high byte TCNT1H, the written data is placed in the
TEMP register. Next, when the CPU writes the low byte TCNT1L, this byte of data is
combined with the byte data in the TEMP register, and all 16 bits are written to the
TCNT1 Timer/Counter1 register simultaneously. Consequently, the high byte
TCNT1H must be accessed first for a full 16-bit register write operation.
•
TCNT1 Timer/Counter1 Read:
When the CPU reads the low byte TCNT1L, the data of the low byte TCNT1L is sent
to the CPU and the data of the high byte TCNT1H is placed in the TEMP register.
When the CPU reads the data in the high byte TCNT1H, the CPU receives the data
in the TEMP register. Consequently, the low byte TCNT1L must be accessed first for
a full 16-bit register read operation.
The Timer/Counter1 is realized as an up or up/down (in PWM mode) counter with read
and write access. If Timer/Counter1 is written to and a clock source is selected, the
Timer/Counter1 continues counting in the timer clock cycle after it is preset with the written value.
Timer/Counter1 Output
Compare Register – OCR1AH
AND OCR1AL
Bit
$2B ($4B)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
OCR1AH
$2A ($4A)
Read/Write
Initial Value
38
8
MSB
LSB
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
OCR1AL
AT90S8515
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515
Timer/Counter1 Output
Compare Register – OCR1BH
AND OCR1BL
Bit
$29 ($49)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
OCR1BH
$28 ($48)
Read/Write
Initial Value
8
MSB
LSB
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
OCR1BL
The output compare registers are 16-bit read/write registers.
The Timer/Counter1 Output Compare registers contain the data to be continuously compared with Timer/Counter1. Actions on compare matches are specified in the
Timer/Counter1 Control and Status registers. A compare match only occurs if
Timer/Counter1 counts to the OCR value. A software write that sets TCNT1 and OCR1A
or OCR1B to the same value does not generate a compare match.
A compare match will set the compare interrupt flag in the CPU clock cycle following the
compare event.
Since the Output Compare Registers (OCR1A and OCR1B) are 16-bit registers, a temporary register (TEMP) is used when OCR1A/B are written to ensure that both bytes are
updated simultaneously. When the CPU writes the high byte, OCR1AH or OCR1BH, the
data is temporarily stored in the TEMP register. When the CPU writes the low byte,
OCR1AL or OCR1BL, the TEMP register is simultaneously written to OCR1AH or
OCR1BH. Consequently, the high byte OCR1AH or OCR1BH must be written first for a
full 16-bit register write operation.
The TEMP register is also used when accessing TCNT1 and ICR1. If the main program
and interrupt routines perform access to registers using TEMP, interrupts must be disabled during access from the main program (and from interrupt routines if interrupts are
allowed from within interrupt routines).
Timer/Counter1 Input Capture
Register – ICR1H AND ICR1L
Bit
$25 ($45)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
ICR1H
$24 ($44)
Read/Write
Initial Value
8
MSB
LSB
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ICR1L
The input capture register is a 16-bit read-only register.
When the rising or falling edge (according to the input capture edge setting [ICES1]) of
the signal at the input capture pin (ICP) is detected, the current value of the
Timer/Counter1 is transferred to the Input Capture Register (ICR1). At the same time,
the input capture flag (ICF1) is set (one).
Since the Input Capture Register (ICR1) is a 16-bit register, a temporary register
(TEMP) is used when ICR1 is read to ensure that both bytes are read simultaneously.
When the CPU reads the low byte ICR1L, the data is sent to the CPU and the data of
the high byte ICR1H is placed in the TEMP register. When the CPU reads the data in
the high byte ICR1H, the CPU receives the data in the TEMP register. Consequently,
the low byte ICR1L must be accessed first for a full 16-bit register read operation.
39
0841G–09/01
The TEMP register is also used when accessing TCNT1, OCR1A and OCR1B. If the
main program and interrupt routines perform access to registers using TEMP, interrupts
must be disabled during access from the main program (and from interrupt routines if
interrupts are allowed from within interrupt routines).
Timer/Counter1 in PWM Mode
When the PWM mode is selected, Timer/Counter1, the Output Compare Register1A
(OCR1A) and the Output Compare Register1B (OCR1B) form a dual 8-, 9- or 10-bit,
free-running, glitch-free and phase-correct PWM with outputs on the PD5(OC1A) and
OC1B pins. Timer/Counter1 acts as an up/down counter, counting up from $0000 to
TOP (see Table 11), where it turns and counts down again to zero before the cycle is
repeated. When the counter value matches the contents of the 10 least significant bits of
OCR1A or OCR1B, the PD5(OC1A)/OC1B pins are set or cleared according to the settings of the COM1A1/COM1A0 or COM1B1/COM1B0 bits in the Timer/Counter1 Control
Register (TCCR1A). Refer to Table 12 for details.
Table 11. Timer TOP Values and PWM Frequency
PWM Resolution
Timer TOP Value
Frequency
8-bit
$00FF (255)
fTCK1/510
9-bit
$01FF (511)
fTCK1/1022
10-bit
$03FF(1023)
fTCK1/2046
Table 12. Compare1 Mode Select in PWM Mode
COM1X1
COM1X0
0
0
Not connected
0
1
Not connected
1
0
Cleared on compare match, up-counting. Set on compare match,
down-counting (non-inverted PWM).
1
1
Cleared on compare match, down-counting. Set on compare match,
up-counting (inverted PWM).
Note:
Effect on OCX1
X = A or B
Note that in the PWM mode, the 10 least significant OCR1A/OCR1B bits, when written,
are transferred to a temporary location. They are latched when Timer/Counter1 reaches
the value TOP. This prevents the occurrence of odd-length PWM pulses (glitches) in the
event of an unsynchronized OCR1A/OCR1B write. See Figure 32 for an example.
40
AT90S8515
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515
Figure 32. Effects on Unsynchronized OCR1 Latching
Compare Value changes
Counter Value
Compare Value
PWM Output OC1X
Synchronized
OCR1X Latch
Compare Value changes
Counter Value
Compare Value
PWM Output OC1X
Unsynchronized
OCR1X Latch
Glitch
Note: X = A or B
During the time between the write and the latch operation, a read from OCR1A or
OCR1B will read the contents of the temporary location. This means that the most
recently written value always will read out of OCR1A/B.
When the OCR1 contains $0000 or TOP, the output OC1A/OC1B is updated to low or
high on the next compare match according to the settings of COM1A1/COM1A0 or
COM1B1/COM1B0. This is shown in Table 13.
Note:
If the compare register contains TOP value and the prescaler is not in use (CS12..CS10
= 001), the PWM output will not produce any pulse at all, because up-counting and
down-counting values are reached simultaneously. When the prescaler is in use
(CS12..CS10 ≠ 001 or 000), the PWM output goes active when the counter reaches the
TOP value; but the down-counting compare match is not interpreted to be reached
before the next time the counter reaches the TOP value, making a one-period PWM
pulse.
Table 13. PWM Outputs OCR1X = $0000 or TOP
Note:
COM1X1
COM1X0
OCR1X
Output OC1X
1
0
$0000
L
1
0
TOP
H
1
1
$0000
H
1
1
TOP
L
X = A or B
In PWM mode, the Timer Overflow Flag1 (TOV1) is set when the counter advances from
$0000. Timer Overflow Interrupt1 operates exactly as in normal Timer/Counter mode,
i.e., it is executed when TOV1 is set, provided that Timer Overflow Interrupt1 and global
interrupts are enabled. This also applies to the Timer Output Compare1 flags and
interrupts.
41
0841G–09/01
Watchdog Timer
The Watchdog Timer is clocked from a separate On-chip oscillator that runs at 1 MHz.
This is the typical value at VCC = 5V. See characterization data for typical values at other
VCC levels. By controlling the Watchdog Timer prescaler, the Watchdog reset interval
can be adjusted (see Table 14 for a detailed description). The WDR (Watchdog Reset)
instruction resets the Watchdog Timer. Eight different clock cycle periods can be
selected to determine the reset period. If the reset period expires without another
Watchdog reset, the AT90S8515 resets and executes from the reset vector. For timing
details on the Watchdog reset, refer to page 25.
To prevent unintentional disabling of the Watchdog, a special turn-off sequence must be
followed when the Watchdog is disabled. Refer to the description of the Watchdog Timer
Control Register for details.
Figure 33. Watchdog Timer
Watchdog Timer Control
Register – WDTCR
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$21 ($41)
–
–
–
WDTOE
WDE
WDP2
WDP1
WDP0
Read/Write
R
R
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
WDTCR
• Bits 7..5 – Res: Reserved Bits
These bits are reserved bits in the AT90S8515 and will always read as zero.
• Bit 4 – WDTOE: Watchdog Turn-off Enable
This bit must be set (one) when the WDE bit is cleared. Otherwise, the Watchdog will
not be disabled. Once set, hardware will clear this bit to zero after four clock cycles.
Refer to the description of the WDE bit for a Watchdog disable procedure.
• Bit 3 – WDE: Watchdog Enable
When the WDE is set (one) the Watchdog Timer is enabled, and if the WDE is cleared
(zero) the Watchdog Timer function is disabled. WDE can only be cleared if the WDTOE
bit is set (one). To disable an enabled Watchdog Timer, the following procedure must be
followed:
42
AT90S8515
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515
1. In the same operation, write a logical “1” to WDTOE and WDE. A logical “1” must
be written to WDE even though it is set to one before the disable operation starts.
2. Within the next four clock cycles, write a logical “0” to WDE. This disables the
Watchdog.
• Bits 2..0 – WDP2, WDP1, WDP0: Watchdog Timer Prescaler 2, 1 and 0
The WDP2, WDP1 and WDP0 bits determine the Watchdog Timer prescaling when the
Watchdog Timer is enabled. The different prescaling values and their corresponding
Time-out periods are shown in Table 14.
Table 14. Watchdog Timer Prescale Select
WDP2
WDP1
WDP0
Number of WDT
Oscillator Cycles
0
0
0
16K cycles
47.0 ms
15.0 ms
0
0
1
32K cycles
94.0 ms
30.0 ms
0
1
0
64K cycles
0.19 s
60.0 ms
0
1
1
128K cycles
0.38 s
0.12 s
1
0
0
256K cycles
0.75 s
0.24 s
1
0
1
512K cycles
1.5 s
0.49 s
1
1
0
1,024K cycles
3.0 s
0.97 s
1
Note:
Typical Time-out
at VCC = 3.0V
Typical Time-out
at VCC = 5.0V
1
1
2,048K cycles
6.0 s
1.9 s
The frequency of the Watchdog oscillator is voltage-dependent as shown in the Electrical
Characteristics section.
The WDR (Watchdog Reset) instruction should always be executed before the Watchdog
Timer is enabled. This ensures that the reset period will be in accordance with the
Watchdog Timer prescale settings. If the Watchdog Timer is enabled without reset, the
Watchdog Timer may not start to count from zero.
To avoid unintentional MCU reset, the Watchdog Timer should be disabled or reset
before changing the Watchdog Timer Prescale Select.
43
0841G–09/01
EEPROM Read/Write
Access
The EEPROM access registers are accessible in the I/O space.
The write access time is in the range of 2.5 - 4 ms, depending on the VCC voltages. A
self-timing function, however, lets the user software detect when the next byte can be
written. If the user code contains code that writes the EEPROM, some precaution must
be taken. In heavily filtered power supplies, VCC is likely to rise or fall slowly on powerup/down. This causes the device for some period of time to run at a voltage lower than
specified as minimum for the clock frequency used. CPU operation under these conditions is likely cause the program counter to perform unintentional jumps and eventually
execute the EEPROM write code. To secure EEPROM integrity, the user is advised to
use an external under-voltage reset circuit in this case.
In order to prevent unintentional EEPROM writes, a specific write procedure must be followed. Refer to the description of the EEPROM Control Register for details on this.
When the EEPROM is written, the CPU is halted for two clock cycles before the next
instruction is executed. When the EEPROM is read, the CPU is halted for four clock
cycles before the next instruction is executed.
EEPROM Address Register –
EEARH and EEARL
Bit
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
$1F ($3F)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
EEAR8
EEARH
$1E ($3E)
EEAR7
EEAR6
EEAR5
EEAR4
EEAR3
EEAR2
EEAR1
EEAR0
EEARL
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Read/Write
Initial Value
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
The EEPROM address registers (EEARH and EEARL) specify the EEPROM address in
the 512-byte EEPROM space for AT90S8515. The EEPROM data bytes are addressed
linearly between 0 and 512.
EEPROM Data Register –
EEDR
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$1D ($3D)
MSB
LSB
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
EEDR
• Bits 7..0 – EEDR7..0: EEPROM Data
For the EEPROM write operation, the EEDR register contains the data to be written to
the EEPROM in the address given by the EEAR register. For the EEPROM read operation, the EEDR contains the data read out from the EEPROM at the address given by
EEAR.
EEPROM Control Register –
EECR
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$1C ($3C)
–
–
–
–
–
EEMWE
EEWE
EERE
Read/Write
R
R
R
R
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
EECR
• Bits 7..3 – Res: Reserved Bits
These bits are reserved bits in the AT90S8515 and will always read as zero.
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AT90S8515
• Bit 2 – EEMWE: EEPROM Master Write Enable
The EEMWE bit determines whether setting EEWE to one causes the EEPROM to be
written. When EEMWE is set (one), setting EEWE will write data to the EEPROM at the
selected address. If EEMWE is zero, setting EEWE will have no effect. When EEMWE
has been set (one) by software, hardware clears the bit to zero after four clock cycles.
See the description of the EEWE bit for a EEPROM write procedure.
• Bit 1 – EEWE: EEPROM Write Enable
The EEPROM Write Enable signal (EEWE) is the write strobe to the EEPROM. When
address and data are correctly set up, the EEWE bit must be set to write the value into
the EEPROM. The EEMWE bit must be set when the logical “1” is written to EEWE, otherwise no EEPROM write takes place. The following procedure should be followed
when writing the EEPROM (the order of steps 2 and 3 is unessential):
1. Wait until EEWE becomes zero.
2. Write new EEPROM address to EEARL and EEARH (optional).
3. Write new EEPROM data to EEDR (optional).
4. Write a logical “1” to the EEMWE bit in EECR (to be able to write a logical “1” to
the EEMWE bit, the EEWE bit must be written to zero in the same cycle).
5. Within four clock cycles after setting EEMWE, write a logical “1” to EEWE.
When the write access time (typically 2.5 ms at VCC = 5V or 4 ms at VCC = 2.7V) has
elapsed, the EEWE bit is cleared (zero) by hardware. The user software can poll this bit
and wait for a zero before writing the next byte. When EEWE has been set, the CPU is
halted for two cycles before the next instruction is executed.
Caution: An interrupt between step 4 and step 5 will make the write cycle fail, since the
EEPROM Master Write Enable will time-out. If an interrupt routine accessing the
EEPROM is interrupting another EEPROM access, the EEAR or EEDR registers will be
modified, causing the interrupted EEPROM access to fail. It is recommended to have
the global interrupt flag cleared during the four last steps to avoid these problems.
• Bit 0 – EERE: EEPROM Read Enable
The EEPROM Read Enable signal EERE is the read strobe to the EEPROM. When the
correct address is set up in the EEAR register, the EERE bit must be set. When the
EERE bit is cleared (zero) by hardware, requested data is found in the EEDR register.
The EEPROM read access takes one instruction and there is no need to poll the EERE
bit. When EERE has been set, the CPU is halted for four cycles before the next instruction is executed.
The user should poll the EEWE bit before starting the read operation. If a write operation
is in progress when new data or address is written to the EEPROM I/O registers, the
write operation will be interrupted and the result is undefined.
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0841G–09/01
Prevent EEPROM
Corruption
During periods of low VCC, the EEPROM data can be corrupted because the supply voltage is too low for the CPU and the EEPROM to operate properly. These issues are the
same as for board level systems using the EEPROM and the same design solutions
should be applied.
An EEPROM data corruption can be caused by two situations when the voltage is too
low. First, a regular write sequence to the EEPROM requires a minimum voltage to
operate correctly. Second, the CPU itself can execute instructions incorrectly if the supply voltage for executing instructions is too low.
EEPROM data corruption can easily be avoided by following these design recommendations (one is sufficient):
1. Keep the AVR RESET active (low) during periods of insufficient power supply
voltage. This is best done by an external low VCC Reset Protection circuit, often
referred to as a Brown-out Detector (BOD). Please refer to application note AVR
180 for design considerations regarding power-on reset and low-voltage
detection.
2. Keep the AVR core in Power-down Sleep mode during periods of low VCC. This
will prevent the CPU from attempting to decode and execute instructions, effectively protecting the EEPROM registers from unintentional writes.
3. Store constants in Flash memory if the ability to change memory contents from
software is not required. Flash memory cannot be updated by the CPU and will
not be subject to corruption.
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AT90S8515
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AT90S8515
Serial Peripheral
Interface – SPI
The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) allows high-speed synchronous data transfer
between the AT90S8515 and peripheral devices or between several AVR devices. The
AT90S8515 SPI features include the following:
• Full-duplex, 3-wire Synchronous Data Transfer
• Master or Slave Operation
• LSB First or MSB First Data Transfer
• Four Programmable Bit Rates
• End-of-Transmission Interrupt Flag
• Write Collision Flag Protection
• Wake-up from Idle Mode (Slave Mode Only)
Figure 34. SPI Block Diagram
The interconnection between master and slave CPUs with SPI is shown in Figure 35.
The PB7(SCK) pin is the clock output in the Master Mode and is the clock input in the
Slave Mode. Writing to the SPI Data Register of the master CPU starts the SPI clock
generator and the data written shifts out of the PB5(MOSI) pin and into the PB5(MOSI)
pin of the slave CPU. After shifting one byte, the SPI clock generator stops, setting the
end-of-transmission flag (SPIF). If the SPI interrupt enable bit (SPIE) in the SPCR register is set, an interrupt is requested. The Slave Select input, PB4(SS), is set low to select
an individual slave SPI device. The two shift registers in the master and the slave can be
considered as one distributed 16-bit circular shift register. This is shown in Figure 35.
When data is shifted from the master to the slave, data is also shifted in the opposite
direction, simultaneously. This means that during one shift cycle, data in the master and
the slave are interchanged.
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0841G–09/01
Figure 35. SPI Master-slave Interconnection
MSB
MASTER
LSB
MISO MISO
8-BIT SHIFT REGISTER
MSB
SLAVE
LSB
8-BIT SHIFT REGISTER
MOSI MOSI
SPI
CLOCK GENERATOR
SCK
SS
SCK
SS
VCC
The system is single-buffered in the transmit direction and double-buffered in the
receive direction. This means that bytes to be transmitted cannot be written to the SPI
Data Register before the entire shift cycle is completed. When receiving data, however,
a received byte must be read from the SPI Data Register before the next byte has been
completely shifted in. Otherwise, the first byte is lost.
When the SPI is enabled, the data direction of the MOSI, MISO, SCK and SS pins is
overridden according to Table 15.
Table 15. SPI Pin Overrides
Pin
Direction, Master SPI
Direction, Slave SPI
MOSI
User Defined
Input
MISO
Input
User Defined
SCK
User Defined
Input
SS
User Defined
Input
Note:
SS Pin Functionality
See “Alternate Functions of Port B” on page 66 for a detailed description of how to define
the direction of the user-defined SPI pins.
When the SPI is configured as a master (MSTR in SPCR is set), the user can determine
the direction of the SS pin. If SS is configured as an output, the pin is a general output
pin, which does not affect the SPI system. If SS is configured as an input, it must be held
high to ensure master SPI operation. If the SS pin is driven low by peripheral circuitry
when the SPI is configured as master with the SS pin defined as an input, the SPI system interprets this as another master selecting the SPI as a slave and starts to send
data to it. To avoid bus contention, the SPI system takes the following actions:
1. The MSTR bit in SPCR is cleared and the SPI system becomes a slave. As a
result of the SPI becoming a slave, the MOSI and SCK pins become inputs.
2. The SPIF flag in SPSR is set, and if the SPI interrupt is enabled and the I-bit in
SREG is set, the interrupt routine will be executed.
Thus, when interrupt-driven SPI transmittal is used in Master Mode and there exists a
possibility that SS is driven low, the interrupt should always check that the MSTR bit is
still set. Once the MSTR bit has been cleared by a slave select, it must be set by the
user to re-enable SPI Master Mode.
When the SPI is configured as a slave, the SS pin is always input. When SS is held low,
the SPI is activated and MISO becomes an output if configured so by the user. All other
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AT90S8515
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AT90S8515
pins are inputs. When SS is driven high, all pins are inputs and the SPI is passive, which
means that it will not receive incoming data. Note that the SPI logic will be reset once
the SS pin is brought high. If the SS pin is brought high during a transmission, the SPI
will stop sending and receiving immediately and both data received and data sent must
be considered as lost.
Data Modes
There are four combinations of SCK phase and polarity with respect to serial data,
which are determined by control bits CPHA and CPOL. The SPI data transfer formats
are shown in Figure 36 and Figure 37.
Figure 36. SPI Transfer Format with CPHA = 0 and DORD = 0
Figure 37. SPI Transfer Format with CPHA = 1 and DORD = 0
SPI Control Register – SPCR
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$0D ($2D)
SPIE
SPE
DORD
MSTR
CPOL
CPHA
SPR1
SPR0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SPCR
• Bit 7 – SPIE: SPI Interrupt Enable
This bit causes the SPI interrupt to be executed if SPIF bit in the SPSR register is set
and the global interrupts are enabled.
• Bit 6 – SPE: SPI Enable
When the SPE bit is set (one), the SPI is enabled. This bit must be set to enable any SPI
operations.
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0841G–09/01
• Bit 5 – DORD: Data Order
When the DORD bit is set (one), the LSB of the data word is transmitted first.
When the DORD bit is cleared (zero), the MSB of the data word is transmitted first.
• Bit 4 – MSTR: Master/Slave Select
This bit selects Master SPI Mode when set (one), and Slave SPI Mode when cleared
(zero). If SS is configured as an input and is driven low while MSTR is set, MSTR will be
cleared and SPIF in SPSR will become set. The user will then have to set MSTR to reenable SPI Master Mode.
• Bit 3 – CPOL: Clock Polarity
When this bit is set (one), SCK is high when idle. When CPOL is cleared (zero), SCK is
low when idle. Refer to Figure 36 and Figure 37 for additional information.
• Bit 2 – CPHA: Clock Phase
Refer to Figure 36 or Figure 37 for the functionality of this bit.
• Bits 1, 0 – SPR1, SPR0: SPI Clock Rate Select 1 and 0
These two bits control the SCK rate of the device configured as a master. SPR1 and
SPR0 have no effect on the slave. The relationship between SCK and the oscillator
clock frequency fcl is shown in Table 16.
Table 16. Relationship between SCK and the Oscillator Frequency
SPR1
SPR0
SCK Frequency
0
0
fcl/4
0
1
fcl/16
1
0
fcl/64
1
1
fcl/128
SPI Status Register – SPSR
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
$0E ($2E)
SPIF
WCOL
–
–
–
–
–
0
–
Read/Write
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SPSR
• Bit 7 – SPIF: SPI Interrupt Flag
When a serial transfer is complete, the SPIF bit is set (one) and an interrupt is generated if SPIE in SPCR is set (one) and global interrupts are enabled. If SS is an input and
is driven low when the SPI is in Master Mode, this will also set the SPIF flag. SPIF is
cleared by hardware when executing the corresponding interrupt handling vector. Alternatively, the SPIF bit is cleared by first reading the SPI Status Register when SPIF is set
(one), then by accessing the SPI Data Register (SPDR).
• Bit 6 – WCOL: Write Collision Flag
The WCOL bit is set if the SPI Data Register (SPDR) is written during a data transfer.
The WCOL bit (and the SPIF bit) are cleared (zero) by first reading the SPI Status Register when WCOL is set (one), and then by accessing the SPI Data Register.
• Bits 5..0 – Res: Reserved Bits
These bits are reserved bits in the AT90S8515 and will always read as zero.
The SPI interface on the AT90S8515 is also used for program memory and EEPROM
downloading or uploading. See page 86 for serial programming and verification.
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AT90S8515
SPI Data Register – SPDR
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$0F ($2F)
MSB
LSB
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
SPDR
Undefined
The SPI Data Register is a read/write register used for data transfer between the register file and the SPI Shift Register. Writing to the register initiates data transmission.
Reading the register causes the Shift Register Receive buffer to be read.
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UART
The AT90S8515 features a full duplex (separate receive and transmit registers) Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter (UART). The main features are:
• Baud Rate Generator that can Generate a large Number of Baud Rates (bps)
• High Baud Rates at Low XTAL Frequencies
• 8 or 9 Bits Data
• Noise Filtering
• Overrun Detection
• Framing Error Detection
• False Start Bit Detection
• Three separate Interrupts on TX Complete, TX Data Register Empty and RX Complete
Data Transmission
A block schematic of the UART transmitter is shown in Figure 38.
Figure 38. UART Transmitter
Data transmission is initiated by writing the data to be transmitted to the UART I/O Data
Register, UDR. Data is transferred from UDR to the Transmit shift register when:
52
•
A new character has been written to UDR after the stop bit from the previous
character has been shifted out. The shift register is loaded immediately.
•
A new character has been written to UDR before the stop bit from the previous
character has been shifted out. The shift register is loaded when the stop bit of the
character currently being transmitted has been shifted out.
AT90S8515
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515
If the 10(11)-bit Transmitter shift register is empty, data is transferred from UDR to the
shift register. At this time the UDRE (UART Data Register Empty) bit in the UART Status
Register, USR, is set. When this bit is set (one), the UART is ready to receive the next
character. At the same time as the data is transferred from UDR to the 10(11)-bit shift
register, bit 0 of the shift register is cleared (start bit) and bit 9 or 10 is set (stop bit). If
9-bit data word is selected (the CHR9 bit in the UART Control Register, UCR is set), the
TXB8 bit in UCR is transferred to bit 9 in the Transmit shift register.
On the baud rate clock following the transfer operation to the shift register, the start bit is
shifted out on the TXD pin. Then follows the data, LSB first. When the stop bit has been
shifted out, the shift register is loaded if any new data has been written to the UDR during the transmission. During loading, UDRE is set. If there is no new data in the UDR
register to send when the stop bit is shifted out, the UDRE flag will remain set until UDR
is written again. When no new data has been written and the stop bit has been present
on TXD for one bit length, the TX Complete flag (TXC) in USR is set.
The TXEN bit in UCR enables the UART Transmitter when set (one). When this bit is
cleared (zero), the PD1 pin can be used for general I/O. When TXEN is set, the UART
Transmitter will be connected to PD1, which is forced to be an output pin regardless of
the setting of the DDD1 bit in DDRD.
Data Reception
Figure 39 shows a block diagram of the UART Receiver.
Figure 39. UART Receiver
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0841G–09/01
The receiver front-end logic samples the signal on the RXD pin at a frequency 16 times
the baud rate. While the line is idle, one single sample of logical “0” will be interpreted as
the falling edge of a start bit and the start bit detection sequence is initiated. Let sample
1 denote the first zero-sample. Following the 1-to-0 transition, the receiver samples the
RXD pin at samples 8, 9 and 10. If two or more of these three samples are found to be
logical “1”s, the start bit is rejected as a noise spike and the receiver starts looking for
the next 1-to-0 transition.
If, however, a valid start bit is detected, sampling of the data bits following the start bit is
performed. These bits are also sampled at samples 8, 9 and 10. The logical value found
in at least two of the three samples is taken as the bit value. All bits are shifted into the
Transmitter Shift register as they are sampled. Sampling of an incoming character is
shown in Figure 40.
Figure 40. Sampling Received Data
When the stop bit enters the receiver, the majority of the three samples must be “1” to
accept the stop bit. If two or more samples are logical “0”s, the Framing Error (FE) flag in
the UART Status Register (USR) is set. Before reading the UDR register, the user
should always check the FE bit to detect framing errors.
Whether or not a valid stop bit is detected at the end of a character reception cycle, the
data is transferred to UDR and the RXC flag in USR is set. UDR is in fact two physically
separate registers, one for transmitted data and one for received data. When UDR is
read, the Receive Data register is accessed, and when UDR is written, the Transmit
Data register is accessed. If 9-bit data word is selected (the CHR9 bit in the UART Control Register, UCR is set), the RXB8 bit in UCR is loaded with bit 9 in the Transmit Shift
register when data is transferred to UDR.
If, after having received a character, the UDR register has not been read since the last
receive, the OverRun (OR) flag in USR is set. This means that the last data byte shifted
into the shift register could not be transferred to UDR and has been lost. The OR bit is
buffered and is updated when the valid data byte in UDR is read. Thus, the user should
always check the OR bit after reading the UDR register in order to detect any overruns if
the baud rate is high or CPU load is high.
When the RXEN bit in the UCR register is cleared (zero), the receiver is disabled. This
means that the PD0 pin can be used as a general I/O pin. When RXEN is set, the UART
Receiver will be connected to PD0, which is forced to be an input pin regardless of the
setting of the DDD0 bit in DDRD. When PD0 is forced to input by the UART, the
PORTD0 bit can still be used to control the pull-up resistor on the pin.
When the CHR9 bit in the UCR register is set, transmitted and received characters are
9 bits long, plus start and stop bits. The ninth data bit to be transmitted is the TXB8 bit in
UCR register. This bit must be set to the wanted value before a transmission is initiated
by writing to the UDR register. The ninth data bit received is the RXB8 bit in the UCR
register.
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AT90S8515
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AT90S8515
UART Control
UART I/O Data Register – UDR
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$0C ($2C)
MSB
LSB
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
UDR
The UDR register is actually two physically separate registers sharing the same I/O
address. When writing to the register, the UART Transmit Data register is written. When
reading from UDR, the UART Receive Data register is read.
UART Status Register – USR
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
$0B ($2B)
RXC
TXC
UDRE
FE
OR
–
–
0
–
Read/Write
R
R/W
R
R
R
R
R
R
Initial Value
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
USR
The USR register is a read-only register providing information on the UART status.
• Bit 7 – RXC: UART Receive Complete
This bit is set (one) when a received character is transferred from the Receiver Shift register to UDR. The bit is set regardless of any detected framing errors. When the RXCIE
bit in UCR is set, the UART Receive Complete interrupt will be executed when RXC is
set (one). RXC is cleared by reading UDR. When interrupt-driven data reception is used,
the UART Receive Complete Interrupt routine must read UDR in order to clear RXC,
otherwise a new interrupt will occur once the interrupt routine terminates.
• Bit 6 – TXC: UART Transmit Complete
This bit is set (one) when the entire character (including the stop bit) in the Transmit
Shift register has been shifted out and no new data has been written to UDR. This flag is
especially useful in half-duplex communications interfaces, where a transmitting application must enter receive mode and free the communications bus immediately after
completing the transmission.
When the TXCIE bit in UCR is set, setting of TXC causes the UART Transmit Complete
interrupt to be executed. TXC is cleared by hardware when executing the corresponding
interrupt handling vector. Alternatively, the TXC bit is cleared (zero) by writing a logical
“1” to the bit.
• Bit 5 – UDRE: UART Data Register Empty
This bit is set (one) when a character written to UDR is transferred to the Transmit Shift
register. Setting of this bit indicates that the transmitter is ready to receive a new character for transmission.
When the UDRIE bit in UCR is set, the UART Transmit Complete interrupt to be executed as long as UDRE is set. UDRE is cleared by writing UDR. When interrupt-driven
data transmittal is used, the UART Data Register Empty Interrupt routine must write
UDR in order to clear UDRE, otherwise a new interrupt will occur once the interrupt routine terminates.
UDRE is set (one) during reset to indicate that the transmitter is ready.
• Bit 4 – FE: Framing Error
This bit is set if a Framing Error condition is detected, i.e., when the stop bit of an incoming character is zero.
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0841G–09/01
The FE bit is cleared when the stop bit of received data is one.
• Bit 3 – OR: Overrun
This bit is set if an Overrun condition is detected, i.e., when a character already present
in the UDR register is not read before the next character has been shifted into the
Receiver Shift register. The OR bit is buffered, which means that it will be set once the
valid data still in UDRE is read.
The OR bit is cleared (zero) when data is received and transferred to UDR.
• Bits 2..0 – Res: Reserved Bits
These bits are reserved bits in the AT90S8515 and will always read as zero.
UART Control Register – UCR
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$0A ($2A)
RXCIE
TXCIE
UDRIE
RXEN
TXEN
CHR9
RXB8
TXB8
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R
W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
UCR
• Bit 7 – RXCIE: RX Complete Interrupt Enable
When this bit is set (one), a setting of the RXC bit in USR will cause the Receive Complete Interrupt routine to be executed provided that global interrupts are enabled.
• Bit 6 – TXCIE: TX Complete Interrupt Enable
When this bit is set (one), a setting of the TXC bit in USR will cause the Transmit Complete Interrupt routine to be executed provided that global interrupts are enabled.
• Bit 5 – UDRIE: UART Data Register Empty Interrupt Enable
When this bit is set (one), a setting of the UDRE bit in USR will cause the UART Data
Register Empty Interrupt routine to be executed provided that global interrupts are
enabled.
• Bit 4 – RXEN: Receiver Enable
This bit enables the UART receiver when set (one). When the receiver is disabled, the
RXC, OR and FE status flags cannot become set. If these flags are set, turning off
RXEN does not cause them to be cleared.
• Bit 3 – TXEN: Transmitter Enable
This bit enables the UART transmitter when set (one). When disabling the transmitter
while transmitting a character, the transmitter is not disabled before the character in the
shift register plus any following character in UDR has been completely transmitted.
• Bit 2 – CHR9: 9-bit Characters
When this bit is set (one) transmitted and received characters are 9 bits long plus start
and stop bits. The ninth bit is read and written by using the RXB8 and TXB8 bits in UCR,
respectively. The ninth data bit can be used as an extra stop bit or a parity bit.
• Bit 1 – RXB8: Receive Data Bit 8
When CHR9 is set (one), RXB8 is the ninth data bit of the received character.
• Bit 0 – TXB8: Transmit Data Bit 8
When CHR9 is set (one), TXB8 is the ninth data bit in the character to be transmitted.
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AT90S8515
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AT90S8515
BAUD Rate Generator
The baud rate generator is a frequency divider that generates baud rates according to
the following equation:
f CK
BAUD = -----------------------------------16(UBRR + 1)
•
BAUD = Baud rate
•
fCK = Crystal Clock frequency
•
UBRR = Contents of the UART Baud Rate register, UBRR (0 - 255)
For standard crystal frequencies, the most commonly used baud rates can be generated
by using the UBRR settings in Table 17. UBRR values that yield an actual baud rate differing less than 2% from the target baud rate are boldface in the table. However, using
baud rates that have more than 1% error is not recommended. High error ratings give
less noise immunity.
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0841G–09/01
Table 17. UBRR Settings at Various Crystal Frequencies
Baud Rate
1 MHz %Error 1.8432 MHz %Error
2 MHz %Error 2.4576 MHz %Error
2400 UBRR=
25
0.2 UBRR=
47
0.0 UBRR=
51
0.2 UBRR=
63
0.0
4800 UBRR=
12
0.2 UBRR=
23
0.0 UBRR=
25
0.2 UBRR=
31
0.0
6
7.5 UBRR=
9600 UBRR=
11
0.0 UBRR=
12
0.2 UBRR=
15
0.0
3
7.8 UBRR=
8
3.7 UBRR=
10
3.1
14400 UBRR=
7
0.0 UBRR=
2
7.8 UBRR=
6
7.5 UBRR=
19200 UBRR=
5
0.0 UBRR=
7
0.0
1
7.8 UBRR=
3
7.8 UBRR=
4
6.3
28800 UBRR=
3
0.0 UBRR=
UBRR=
1
22.9
UBRR=
UBRR=
2
7.8
UBRR=
38400
2
0.0
3
0.0
0
7.8 UBRR=
1
7.8 UBRR=
2
12.5
57600 UBRR=
1
0.0 UBRR=
0
22.9 UBRR=
1
33.3 UBRR=
1
22.9 UBRR=
76800 UBRR=
1
0.0
0
84.3 UBRR=
0
7.8 UBRR=
0
25.0
115200 UBRR=
0
0.0 UBRR=
Baud Rate 3.2768 MHz %Error 3.6864 MHz %Error
4 MHz %Error
4.608 MHz %Error
2400 UBRR=
84
0.4 UBRR=
95
0.0 UBRR= 103
0.2 UBRR= 119
0.0
4800 UBRR=
42
0.8 UBRR=
47
0.0 UBRR=
51
0.2 UBRR=
59
0.0
9600 UBRR=
20
1.6 UBRR=
23
0.0 UBRR=
25
0.2 UBRR=
29
0.0
16
2.1 UBRR=
14400 UBRR=
13
1.6 UBRR=
15
0.0 UBRR=
19
0.0
10
3.1 UBRR=
19200 UBRR=
11
0.0 UBRR=
12
0.2 UBRR=
14
0.0
8
3.7 UBRR=
28800 UBRR=
6
1.6 UBRR=
7
0.0 UBRR=
9
0.0
4
6.3 UBRR=
6
7.5 UBRR=
7
6.7
38400 UBRR=
5
0.0 UBRR=
3
12.5 UBRR=
3
7.8 UBRR=
57600 UBRR=
3
0.0 UBRR=
4
0.0
2
12.5 UBRR=
2
7.8 UBRR=
3
6.7
76800 UBRR=
2
0.0 UBRR=
1
12.5 UBRR=
1
7.8 UBRR=
2
20.0
115200 UBRR=
1
0.0 UBRR=
Baud Rate 7.3728 MHz %Error
8 MHz %Error
9.216 MHz %Error 11.059 MHz %Error
2400 UBRR= 191
0.0 UBRR= 207
0.2 UBRR= 239
0.0 UBRR= 287
4800 UBRR=
95
0.0 UBRR= 103
0.2 UBRR= 119
0.0 UBRR= 143
0.0
9600 UBRR=
47
0.0 UBRR=
51
0.2 UBRR=
59
0.0 UBRR=
71
0.0
14400 UBRR=
31
0.0 UBRR=
34
0.8 UBRR=
39
0.0 UBRR=
47
0.0
19200 UBRR=
23
0.0 UBRR=
25
0.2 UBRR=
29
0.0 UBRR=
35
0.0
16
2.1 UBRR=
28800 UBRR=
15
0.0 UBRR=
19
0.0 UBRR=
23
0.0
38400 UBRR=
11
0.0 UBRR=
12
0.2 UBRR=
14
0.0 UBRR=
17
0.0
8
3.7 UBRR=
57600 UBRR=
7
0.0 UBRR=
9
0.0 UBRR=
11
0.0
6
7.5 UBRR=
7
6.7 UBRR=
76800 UBRR=
5
0.0 UBRR=
8
0.0
3
7.8 UBRR=
115200 UBRR=
3
0.0 UBRR=
4
0.0 UBRR=
5
0.0
UART BAUD Rate Register –
UBRR
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$09 ($29)
MSB
LSB
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
UBRR
The UBRR register is an 8-bit read/write register that specifies the UART Baud Rate
according to the equation on the previous page.
58
AT90S8515
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515
Analog Comparator
The Analog Comparator compares the input values on the positive input PB2 (AIN0) and
negative input PB3 (AIN1). When the voltage on the positive input PB2 (AIN0) is higher
than the voltage on the negative input PB3 (AIN1), the Analog Comparator Output
(ACO) is set (one). The comparator’s output can be set to trigger the Timer/Counter1
Input Capture function. In addition, the comparator can trigger a separate interrupt,
exclusive to the Analog Comparator. The user can select interrupt triggering on comparator output rise, fall or toggle. A block diagram of the comparator and its surrounding
logic is shown in Figure 41.
Figure 41. Analog Comparator Block Diagram
Analog Comparator Control
and Status Register – ACSR
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$08 ($28)
ACD
–
ACO
ACI
ACIE
ACIC
ACIS1
ACIS0
Read/Write
R/W
R
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
N/A
0
0
0
0
0
ACSR
• Bit 7 – ACD: Analog Comparator Disable
When this bit is set (one), the power to the Analog Comparator is switched off. This bit
can be set at any time to turn off the Analog Comparator. This will reduce power consumption in active and idle mode. When changing the ACD bit, the Analog Comparator
interrupt must be disabled by clearing the ACIE bit in ACSR. Otherwise an interrupt can
occur when the bit is changed.
• Bit 6 – Res: Reserved Bit
This bit is a reserved bit in the AT90S8515 and will always read as zero.
• Bit 5 – ACO: Analog Comparator Output
ACO is directly connected to the comparator output.
• Bit 4 – ACI: Analog Comparator Interrupt Flag
This bit is set (one) when a comparator output event triggers the interrupt mode defined
by ACI1 and ACI0. The Analog Comparator Interrupt routine is executed if the ACIE bit
is set (one) and the I-bit in SREG is set (one). ACI is cleared by hardware when executing the corresponding interrupt handling vector. Alternatively, ACI is cleared by writing a
logical “1” to the flag. Observe however, that if another bit in this register is modified
59
0841G–09/01
using the SBI or CBI instruction, ACI will be cleared if it has become set before the
operation.
• Bit 3 – ACIE: Analog Comparator Interrupt Enable
When the ACIE bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register is set (one), the Analog Comparator interrupt is activated. When cleared (zero), the interrupt is disabled.
• Bit 2 – ACIC: Analog Comparator Input Capture Enable
When set (one), this bit enables the Input Capture function in Timer/Counter1 to be triggered by the Analog Comparator. The comparator output is, in this case, directly
connected to the Input Capture front-end logic, making the comparator utilize the noise
canceler and edge select features of the Timer/Counter1 Input Capture interrupt. When
cleared (zero), no connection between the Analog Comparator and the Input Capture
function is given. To make the comparator trigger the Timer/Counter1 Input Capture
interrupt, the TICIE1 bit in the Timer Interrupt Mask Register (TIMSK) must be set (one).
• Bits 1, 0 – ACIS1, ACIS0: Analog Comparator Interrupt Mode Select
These bits determine which comparator events trigger the Analog Comparator interrupt.
The different settings are shown in Table 18.
Table 18. ACIS1/ACIS0 Settings
ACIS1
ACIS0
0
0
Comparator Interrupt on Output Toggle
0
1
Reserved
1
0
Comparator Interrupt on Falling Output Edge
1
1
Comparator Interrupt on Rising Output Edge
Note:
Interface to External
SRAM
Interrupt Mode
When changing the ACIS1/ACIS0 bits, the Analog Comparator interrupt must be disabled by clearing its interrupt enable bit in the ACSR register. Otherwise an interrupt can
occur when the bits are changed.
The interface to the SRAM consists of:
Port A: Multiplexed low-order address bus and data bus
Port C: High-order address bus
The ALE pin: Address latch enable
The RD and WR pins: Read and write strobes
The external data SRAM is enabled by setting the SRE (external SRAM enable) bit of
the MCUCR (MCU Control Register) and will override the setting of the Data Direction
Register (DDRA). When the SRE bit is cleared (zero), the external data SRAM is disabled and the normal pin and data direction settings are used. When SRE is cleared
(zero), the address space above the internal SRAM boundary is not mapped into the
internal SRAM, as AVR parts do not have an interface to the external SRAM.
When ALE goes from high to low, there is a valid address on Port A. ALE is low during a
data transfer. RD and WR are active when accessing the external SRAM only.
When the external SRAM is enabled, the ALE signal may have short pulses when
accessing the internal RAM, but the ALE signal is stable when accessing the external
SRAM.
Figure 42 sketches how to connect an external SRAM to the AVR using eight latches
that are transparent when G is high.
60
AT90S8515
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515
Default, the external SRAM access, is a 3-cycle scheme as depicted in Figure 43. When
one extra wait state is needed in the access cycle, set the SRW bit (one) in the MCUCR
register. The resulting access scheme is shown in Figure 44. In both cases, note that
PORTA is data bus in one cycle only. As soon as the data access finishes, PORTA
becomes a low-order address bus again.
For details of the timing for the SRAM interface, please refer to Figure 68, Table 37,
Table 38, Table 39 and Table 40, beginning on page 92. Refer to “Architectural Overview” on page 7 for a description of the memory map, including address space for
SRAM.
Figure 42. External SRAM Connected to the AVR
D[7:0]
Port A
D
ALE
G
A[7:0]
Q
SRAM
AVR
A[15:8]
Port C
RD
RD
WR
WR
Figure 43. External Data SRAM Memory Cycles without Wait State
T1
T2
T3
System Clock Ø
ALE
Prev. Address
Address
Address
Data
Address
Write
Data/Address [7..0]
Prev. Address
Address
Read
Address [15..8]
WR
Data/Address [7..0]
Prev. Address
Address
Data
RD
61
0841G–09/01
Figure 44. External Data SRAM Memory Cycles with Wait State
T1
T2
T3
T4
System Clock Ø
ALE
Prev. Address
Address
Address
Data
Addr.
Write
Data/Address [7..0]
Prev. Address
Addr.
Read
Address [15..8]
WR
Data/Address [7..0]
Prev. Address
Address
Data
RD
62
AT90S8515
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515
I/O Ports
All AVR ports have true read-modify-write functionality when used as general digital I/O
ports. This means that the direction of one port pin can be changed without unintentionally changing the direction of any other pin with the SBI and CBI instructions. The same
applies for changing drive value (if configured as output) or the enabling/disabling of
pull-up resistors (if configured as input).
Port A
Port A is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port.
Three I/O memory address locations are allocated for the Port A, one each for the Data
Register – PORTA, $1B($3B), Data Direction Register – DDRA, $1A($3A) and the Port
A Input Pins – PINA, $19($39). The Port A Input Pins address is read-only, while the
Data Register and the Data Direction Register are read/write.
All port pins have individually selectable pull-up resistors. The Port A output buffers can
sink 20 mA and thus drive LED displays directly. When pins PA0 to PA7 are used as
inputs and are externally pulled low, they will source current if the internal pull-up resistors are activated.
The Port A pins have alternate functions related to the optional external data SRAM.
Port A can be configured to be the multiplexed low-order address/data bus during
accesses to the external data memory. In this mode, Port A has internal pull-up
resistors.
When Port A is set to the alternate function by the SRE (external SRAM enable) bit in
the MCUCR (MCU Control Register), the alternate settings override the Data Direction
Register.
Port A Data Register – PORTA
Bit
Port A Data Direction Register
– DDRA
Port A Input Pins Address –
PINA
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$1B ($3B)
PORTA7
PORTA6
PORTA5
PORTA4
PORTA3
PORTA2
PORTA1
PORTA0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$1A ($3A)
DDA7
DDA6
DDA5
DDA4
DDA3
DDA2
DDA1
DDA0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PINA7
PINA6
PINA5
PINA4
PINA3
PINA2
PINA1
PINA0
Read/Write
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Initial Value
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
$19 ($39)
PORTA
DDRA
PINA
The Port A Input Pins address (PINA) is not a register; this address enables access to
the physical value on each Port A pin. When reading PORTA, the Port A Data Latch is
read and when reading PINA, the logical values present on the pins are read.
Port A as General Digital I/O
All eight pins in Port A have equal functionality when used as digital I/O pins.
PAn, general I/O pin: The DDAn bit in the DDRA register selects the direction of this pin.
If DDAn is set (one), PAn is configured as an output pin. If DDAn is cleared (zero), PAn
is configured as an input pin. If PORTAn is set (one) when the pin is configured as an
input pin, the MOS pull-up resistor is activated. To switch the pull-up resistor off, the
63
0841G–09/01
PORTAn has to be cleared (zero) or the pin has to be configured as an output pin. The
Port A pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not
active..
Table 19. DDAn Effects on Port A Pins
DDAn
PORTAn
I/O
Pull-up
0
0
Input
No
Tri-state (high-Z)
0
1
Input
Yes
PAn will source current if ext. pulled low.
1
0
Output
No
Push-pull Zero Output
1
1
Output
No
Push-pull One Output
Note:
Port A Schematics
Comment
n: 7,6…0, pin number.
Note that all port pins are synchronized. The synchronization latch is, however, not
shown in the figure.
Figure 45. Port A Schematic Diagrams (Pins PA0 - PA7)
64
AT90S8515
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515
Port B
Port B is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port.
Three I/O memory address locations are allocated for the Port B, one each for the Data
Register – PORTB, $18($38), Data Direction Register – DDRB, $17($37) and the Port B
Input Pins – PINB, $16($36). The Port B Input Pins address is read-only, while the Data
Register and the Data Direction Register are read/write.
All port pins have individually selectable pull-up resistors. The Port B output buffers can
sink 20 mA and thus drive LED displays directly. When pins PB0 to PB7 are used as
inputs and are externally pulled low, they will source current if the internal pull-up resistors are activated.
The Port B pins with alternate functions are shown in Table 20.
Table 20. Port B Pin Alternate Functions
Port Pin
Alternate Functions
PB0
T0 (Timer/Counter 0 External Counter Input)
PB1
T1 (Timer/Counter 1 External Counter Input)
PB2
AIN0 (Analog Comparator positive input)
PB3
AIN1 (Analog Comparator negative input)
PB4
SS (SPI Slave Select Input)
PB5
MOSI (SPI Bus Master Output/Slave Input)
PB6
MISO (SPI Bus Master Input/Slave Output)
PB7
SCK (SPI Bus Serial Clock)
When the pins are used for the alternate function, the DDRB and PORTB registers have
to be set according to the alternate function description.
Port B Data Register – PORTB
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PORTB7
PORTB6
PORTB5
PORTB4
PORTB3
PORTB2
PORTB1
PORTB0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
$18 ($38)
Port B Data Direction Register
– DDRB
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
DDB7
DDB6
DDB5
DDB4
DDB3
DDB2
DDB1
DDB0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
$17 ($37)
Port B Input Pins Address –
PINB
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PINB7
PINB6
PINB5
PINB4
PINB3
PINB2
PINB1
PINB0
Read/Write
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Initial Value
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
$16 ($36)
PORTB
DDRB
PINB
The Port B Input Pins address (PINB) is not a register; this address enables access to
the physical value on each Port B pin. When reading PORTB, the Port B Data Latch is
read and when reading PINB, the logical values present on the pins are read.
65
0841G–09/01
Port B as General Digital I/O
All eight pins in Port B have equal functionality when used as digital I/O pins.
PBn, general I/O pin: The DDBn bit in the DDRB register selects the direction of this pin.
If DDBn is set (one), PBn is configured as an output pin. If DDBn is cleared (zero), PBn
is configured as an input pin. If PORTBn is set (one) when the pin is configured as an
input pin, the MOS pull-up resistor is activated. To switch the pull-up resistor off, the
PORTBn has to be cleared (zero) or the pin has to be configured as an output pin. The
Port B pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not
active.
Table 21. DDBn Effects on Port B Pins
DDBn
PORTBn
I/O
Pull up
0
0
Input
No
Tri-state (high-Z)
0
1
Input
Yes
PBn will source current if ext. pulled low.
1
0
Output
No
Push-pull Zero Output
1
1
Output
No
Push-pull One Output
Note:
Alternate Functions of Port B
Comment
n: 7,6…0, pin number.
The alternate pin configuration is as follows:
• SCK – Port B, Bit 7
SCK: Master clock output, slave clock input pin for SPI channel. When the SPI is
enabled as a slave, this pin is configured as an input regardless of the setting of DDB7.
When the SPI is enabled as a master, the data direction of this pin is controlled by
DDB7. When the pin is forced to be an input, the pull-up can still be controlled by the
PORTB7 bit. See the description of the SPI port for further details.
• MISO – Port B, Bit 6
MISO: Master data input, slave data output pin for SPI channel. When the SPI is
enabled as a master, this pin is configured as an input regardless of the setting of
DDB6. When the SPI is enabled as a slave, the data direction of this pin is controlled by
DDB6. When the pin is forced to be an input, the pull-up can still be controlled by the
PORTB6 bit. See the description of the SPI port for further details.
• MOSI – Port B, Bit 5
MOSI: SPI Master data output, slave data input for SPI channel. When the SPI is
enabled as a slave, this pin is configured as an input regardless of the setting of DDB5.
When the SPI is enabled as a master, the data direction of this pin is controlled by
DDB5. When the pin is forced to be an input, the pull-up can still be controlled by the
PORTB5 bit. See the description of the SPI port for further details.
• SS – Port B, Bit 4
SS: Slave port select input. When the SPI is enabled as a slave, this pin is configured as
an input regardless of the setting of DDB4. As a slave, the SPI is activated when this pin
is driven low. When the SPI is enabled as a master, the data direction of this pin is controlled by DDB4. When the pin is forced to be an input, the pull-up can still be controlled
by the PORTB4 bit. See the description of the SPI port for further details.
• AIN1 – Port B, Bit 3
AIN1: Analog Comparator Negative Input. When configured as an input (DDB3 is
cleared [zero]) and with the internal MOS pull-up resistor switched off (PB3 is cleared
[zero]), this pin also serves as the negative input of the On-chip Analog Comparator.
66
AT90S8515
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515
• AIN0 – Port B, Bit 2
AIN0: Analog Comparator Positive Input. When configured as an input (DDB2 is cleared
[zero]) and with the internal MOS pull-up resistor switched off (PB2 is cleared [zero]),
this pin also serves as the positive input of the On-chip Analog Comparator.
• T1 – Port B, Bit 1
T1: Timer/Counter1 counter source. See the timer description for further details
• T0 – Port B, Bit 0
T0: Timer/Counter0 counter source. See the timer description for further details.
Port B Schematics
Note that all port pins are synchronized. The synchronization latches are, however, not
shown in the figures.
Figure 46. Port B Schematic Diagram (Pins PB0 and PB1)
RD
MOS
PULLUP
RESET
Q
R
D
DDBn
WD
RESET
R
Q
D
PORTBn
PBn
DATA BUS
C
C
RL
WP
RP
WP:
WD:
RL:
RP:
RD:
n:
WRITE PORTB
WRITE DDRB
READ PORTB LATCH
READ PORTB PIN
READ DDRB
0,1
SENSE CONTROL
CSn2
CSn1
TIMERn CLOCK
SOURCE MUX
CSn0
67
0841G–09/01
Figure 47. Port B Schematic Diagram (Pins PB2 and PB3)
Figure 48. Port B Schematic Diagram (Pin PB4)
RD
MOS
PULLUP
RESET
Q
D
DDB4
WD
RESET
Q
D
PORTB4
C
PB4
RL
DATA BUS
C
WP
RP
WP:
WD:
RL:
RP:
RD:
MSTR:
SPE:
68
WRITE PORTB
WRITE DDRB
READ PORTB LATCH
READ PORTB PIN
READ DDRB
SPI MASTER ENABLE
SPI ENABLE
MSTR
SPE
SPI SS
AT90S8515
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515
Figure 49. Port B Schematic Diagram (Pin PB5)
RD
MOS
PULLUP
RESET
R
Q
D
DDB5
C
DATA BUS
WD
RESET
R
Q
D
PORTB5
PB5
C
RL
WP
RP
WP:
WD:
RL:
RP:
RD:
SPE:
MSTR
WRITE PORTB
WRITE DDRB
READ PORTB LATCH
READ PORTB PIN
READ DDRB
SPI ENABLE
MASTER SELECT
MSTR
SPE
SPI MASTER
OUT
SPI SLAVE
IN
Figure 50. Port B Schematic Diagram (Pin PB6)
RD
MOS
PULLUP
RESET
Q
R
D
DDB6
WD
RESET
R
Q
D
PORTB6
PB6
DATA BUS
C
C
RL
WP
RP
WP:
WD:
RL:
RP:
RD:
SPE:
MSTR
WRITE PORTB
WRITE DDRB
READ PORTB LATCH
READ PORTB PIN
READ DDRB
SPI ENABLE
MASTER SELECT
MSTR
SPE
SPI SLAVE
OUT
SPI MASTER
IN
69
0841G–09/01
Figure 51. Port B Schematic Diagram (Pin PB7)
RD
MOS
PULLUP
RESET
Q
R
D
DDB7
C
DATA BUS
WD
RESET
R
Q
D
PORTB7
PB7
C
RL
WP
RP
WP:
WD:
RL:
RP:
RD:
SPE:
MSTR
WRITE PORTB
WRITE DDRB
READ PORTB LATCH
READ PORTB PIN
READ DDRB
SPI ENABLE
MASTER SELECT
MSTR
SPE
SPI CLOCK
OUT
SPI CLOCK
IN
Port C
Port C is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port. Three I/O memory address locations are allocated for the Port C, one each for the Data Register – PORTC, $15($35), Data Direction
Register – DDRC, $14($34) and the Port C Input Pins – PINC, $13($33). The Port C
Input Pins address is read-only, while the Data Register and the Data Direction Register
are read/write.
All port pins have individually selectable pull-up resistors. The Port C output buffers can
sink 20 mA and thus drive LED displays directly. When pins PC0 to PC7 are used as
inputs and are externally pulled low, they will source current if the internal pull-up resistors are activated.
The Port C pins have alternate functions related to the optional external data SRAM.
Port C can be configured to be the high-order address byte during accesses to external
data memory. When Port C is set to the alternate function by the SRE (external SRAM
enable) bit in the MCUCR (MCU Control Register), the alternate settings override the
Data Direction Register.
Port C Data Register – PORTC
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PORTC7
PORTC6
PORTC5
PORTC4
PORTC3
PORTC2
PORTC1
PORTC0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
$15 ($35)
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PORTC
AT90S8515
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515
Port C Data Direction Register
– DDRC
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
DDC7
DDC6
DDC5
DDC4
DDC3
DDC2
DDC1
DDC0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
$14 ($34)
Port C Input Pins Address –
PINC
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PINC7
PINC6
PINC5
PINC4
PINC3
PINC2
PINC1
PINC0
Read/Write
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Initial Value
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
$13 ($33)
DDRC
PINC
The Port C Input Pins address (PINC) is not a register; this address enables access to
the physical value on each Port C pin. When reading PORTC, the Port C Data Latch is
read and when reading PINC, the logical values present on the pins are read.
Port C as General Digital I/O
All eight pins in Port C have equal functionality when used as digital I/O pins.
PCn, general I/O pin: The DDCn bit in the DDRC register selects the direction of this pin.
If DDCn is set (one), PCn is configured as an output pin. If DDCn is cleared (zero), PCn
is configured as an input pin. If PORTCn is set (one) when the pin is configured as an
input pin, the MOS pull-up resistor is activated. To switch the pull-up resistor off,
PORTCn has to be cleared (zero) or the pin has to be configured as an output pin. The
Port C pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not
active.
Table 22. DDCn Effects on Port C Pins
DDCn
PORTCn
I/O
Pull-up
0
0
Input
No
Tri-state (high-Z)
0
1
Input
Yes
PCn will source current if ext. pulled low.
1
0
Output
No
Push-pull Zero Output
1
Output
No
Push-pull One Output
1
Note:
Comment
n: 7…0, pin number
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0841G–09/01
Port C Schematics
Note that all port pins are synchronized. The synchronization latch is, however, not
shown in the figure.
Figure 52. Port C Schematic Diagram (Pins PC0 - PC7)
Port D
Port D is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors.
Three I/O memory address locations are allocated for the Port D, one each for the Data
Register – PORTD, $12($32), Data Direction Register – DDRD, $11($31) and the Port D
Input Pins – PIND, $10($30). The Port D Input Pins address is read-only, while the Data
Register and the Data Direction Register are read/write.
The Port D output buffers can sink 20 mA. As inputs, Port D pins that are externally
pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated.
Some Port D pins have alternate functions as shown in Table 23.
Table 23. Port D Pin Alternate Functions
Port Pin
Alternate Function
PD0
RXD (UART Input Line)
PD1
TXD (UART Output Line)
PD2
INT0 (External interrupt 0 Input)
PD3
INT1 (External interrupt 1 Input)
PD5
OC1A (Timer/Counter1 Output CompareA Match Output)
PD6
WR (Write Strobe to External Memory)
PD7
RD (Read Strobe to External Memory)
When the pins are used for the alternate function, the DDRD and PORTD registers have
to be set according to the alternate function description.
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AT90S8515
Port D Data Register – PORTD
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PORTD7
PORTD6
PORTD5
PORTD4
PORTD3
PORTD2
PORTD1
PORTD0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
$12 ($32)
Port D Data Direction Register
– DDRD
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
DDD7
DDD6
DDD5
DDD4
DDD3
DDD2
DDD1
DDD0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
$11 ($31)
Port D Input Pins Address –
PIND
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PIND7
PIND6
PIND5
PIND4
PIND3
PIND2
PIND1
PIND0
Read/Write
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Initial Value
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
$10 ($30)
PORTD
DDRD
PIND
The Port D Input Pins address (PIND) is not a register; this address enables access to
the physical value on each Port D pin. When reading PORTD, the Port D Data Latch is
read and when reading PIND, the logical values present on the pins are read.
Port D as General Digital I/O
PDn, general I/O pin: The DDDn bit in the DDRD register selects the direction of this pin.
If DDDn is set (one), PDn is configured as an output pin. If DDDn is cleared (zero), PDn
is configured as an input pin. If PDn is set (one) when configured as an input pin, the
MOS pull-up resistor is activated. To switch the pull-up resistor off the PDn has to be
cleared (zero) or the pin has to be configured as an output pin. The Port D pins are tristated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not active.
Table 24. DDDn Bits on Port D Pins
DDDn
PORTDn
I/O
Pull-up
0
0
Input
No
Tri-state (high-Z)
0
1
Input
Yes
PDn will source current if ext. pulled low.
1
0
Output
No
Push-pull Zero Output
1
1
Output
No
Push-pull One Output
Note:
Alternate Functions of Port D
Comment
n: 7,6…0, pin number.
• RD – Port D, Bit 7
RD is the external data memory read control strobe. See “Interface to External SRAM”
on page 60 for detailed information.
• WR – Port D, Bit 6
WR is the external data memory write control strobe. See “Interface to External SRAM”
on page 60 for detailed information.
• OC1A – Port D, Bit 5
OC1A: Output compare match output. The PD5 pin can serve as an external output
when the Timer/Counter1 compare matches. The PD5 pin has to be configured as an
output (DDD5 set [one]) to serve this function. See the Timer/Counter1 description for
further details and how to enable the output. The OC1A pin is also the output pin for the
PWM mode timer function.
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• INT1 – Port D, Bit 3
INT1: External Interrupt source 1. The PD3 pin can serve as an external interrupt source
to the MCU. See the interrupt description for further details and how to enable the
source.
• INT0 – Port D, Bit 2
INT0: External Interrupt source 0. The PD2 pin can serve as an external interrupt source
to the MCU. See the interrupt description for further details and how to enable the
source.
• TXD – Port D, Bit 1
Transmit Data (data output pin for the UART). When the UART transmitter is enabled,
this pin is configured as an output, regardless of the value of DDRD1.
• RXD – Port D, Bit 0
Receive Data (data input pin for the UART). When the UART receiver is enabled, this
pin is configured as an input, regardless of the value of DDRD0. When the UART forces
this pin to be an input, a logical “1” in PORTD0 will turn on the internal pull-up.
Port D Schematics
Note that all port pins are synchronized. The synchronization latches are, however, not
shown in the figures.
Figure 53. Port D Schematic Diagram (Pin PD0)
RD
MOS
PULLUP
RESET
Q
D
DDD0
C
DATA BUS
WD
RESET
Q
D
PORTD0
C
PD0
RL
WP
RP
WP:
WD:
RL:
RP:
RD:
RXD:
RXEN:
74
WRITE PORTD
WRITE DDRD
READ PORTD LATCH
READ PORTD PIN
READ DDRD
UART RECEIVE DATA
UART RECEIVE ENABLE
RXEN
RXD
AT90S8515
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515
Figure 54. Port D Schematic Diagram (Pin PD1)
RD
MOS
PULLUP
RESET
Q
R
D
DDD1
C
DATA BUS
WD
RESET
R
Q
D
PORTD1
PD1
C
RL
WP
RP
WP:
WD:
RL:
RP:
RD:
TXD:
TXEN:
WRITE PORTD
WRITE DDRD
READ PORTD LATCH
READ PORTD PIN
READ DDRD
UART TRANSMIT DATA
UART TRANSMIT ENABLE
TXEN
TXD
Figure 55. Port D Schematic Diagram (Pins PD2 and PD3)
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0841G–09/01
Figure 56. Port D Schematic Diagram (Pin PD4)
Figure 57. Port D Schematic Diagram (Pin PD5)
76
AT90S8515
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AT90S8515
Figure 58. Port D Schematic Diagram (Pin PD6)
Figure 59. Port D Schematic Diagram (Pin PD7)
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0841G–09/01
Memory
Programming
Program and Data
Memory Lock Bits
The AT90S8515 MCU provides two Lock bits that can be left unprogrammed (“1”) or can
be programmed (“0”) to obtain the additional features listed in Table 25. The Lock bits
can only be erased with the Chip Erase command.
Table 25. Lock Bit Protection Modes
Memory Lock Bits
Mode
LB1
LB2
1
1
1
No memory lock features enabled.
2
0
1
Further programming of the Flash and EEPROM is disabled.(1)
3
0
0
Same as mode 2, and verify is also disabled.
Note:
Fuse Bits
Protection Type
1. In Parallel Mode, further programming of the Fuse bits is also disabled. Program the
Fuse bits before programming the Lock bits.
The AT90S8515 has two Fuse bits, SPIEN and FSTRT.
•
When the SPIEN Fuse is programmed (“0”), Serial Program and Data Downloading
is enabled. Default value is programmed (“0”).
•
When the FSTRT Fuse is programmed (“0”), the short start-up time is selected.
Default value is unprogrammed (“1”). Parts with this bit pre-programmed (“0”) can
be delivered on demand.
The Fuse bits are not accessible in Serial Programming Mode. The status of the Fuse
bits is not affected by Chip Erase.
Signature Bytes
All Atmel microcontrollers have a three-byte signature code that identifies the device.
This code can be read in both Serial and Parallel mode. The three bytes reside in a separate address space.
For the AT90S8515(1) they are:
1. $000: $1E (indicates manufactured by Atmel)
2. $001: $93 (indicates 8 KB Flash memory)
3. $002: $01 (indicates AT90S8515 device when signature byte $001 is $93)
Note:
Programming the Flash
and EEPROM
1. When both Lock bits are programmed (lock mode 3), the signature bytes cannot be
read in Serial Mode. Reading the signature bytes will return: $00, $01 and $02.
Atmel’s AT90S8515 offers 8K bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash program
memory and 512 bytes of EEPROM data memory.
The AT90S8515 is shipped with the On-chip Flash program and EEPROM data memory
arrays in the erased state (i.e., contents = $FF) and ready to be programmed. This
device supports a high-voltage (12V) Parallel Programming Mode and a low-voltage
Serial Programming Mode. The +12V is used for programming enable only, and no current of significance is drawn by this pin. The Serial Programming Mode provides a
convenient way to download program and data into the AT90S8515 inside the user’s
system.
The program and data memory arrays on the AT90S8515 are programmed byte-by-byte
in either programming mode. For the EEPROM, an auto-erase cycle is provided within
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AT90S8515
the self-timed write operation in the serial programming mode. During programming, the
supply voltage must be in accordance with Table 26.
Table 26. Supply Voltage during Programming
Part
Serial Programming
Parallel Programming
AT90S8515
2.7 - 6.0V
4.5 - 5.5V
Parallel Programming
This section describes how to parallel program and verify Flash program memory,
EEPROM data memory, Lock bits and Fuse bits in the AT90S8515.
Signal Names
In this section, some pins of the AT908515 are referenced by signal names describing
their function during parallel programming. See Figure 60 and Table 27. Pins not
described in Table 27 are referenced by pin names.
The XA1/XA0 pins determine the action executed when the XTAL1 pin is given a positive pulse. The bit coding are shown in Table 28.
When pulsing WR or OE, the command loaded determines the action executed. The
command is a byte where the different bits are assigned functions as shown in Table 29.
Figure 60. Parallel Programming
AT90S8515
+5V
RDY/BSY
PD1
VCC
OE
PD2
PB7 - PB0
WR
PD3
BS
PD4
XA0
PD5
XA1
PD6
DATA
XTAL1
GND
RESET
+12 V
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0841G–09/01
Table 27. Pin Name Mapping
Signal Name in
Programming Mode
Pin Name
I/O
Function
RDY/BSY
PD1
O
0: Device is busy programming, 1: Device is ready
for new command
OE
PD2
I
Output Enable (Active low)
WR
PD3
I
Write Pulse (Active low)
BS
PD4
I
Byte Select (“0” selects low byte, “1” selects high
byte)
XA0
PD5
I
XTAL Action Bit 0
XA1
PD6
I
XTAL Action Bit 1
DATA
PB7-0
I/O
Bi-directional Data Bus (Output when OE is low)
Table 28. XA1 and XA0 Coding
XA1
XA0
Action when XTAL1 is Pulsed
0
0
Load Flash or EEPROM Address (High or low address byte determined by BS)
0
1
Load Data (High or low data byte for Flash determined by BS)
1
0
Load Command
1
1
No Action, Idle
Table 29. Command Byte Bit Coding
Enter Programming Mode
Command Byte
Command Executed
1000 0000
Chip Erase
0100 0000
Write Fuse Bits
0010 0000
Write Lock Bits
0001 0000
Write Flash
0001 0001
Write EEPROM
0000 1000
Read Signature Bytes
0000 0100
Read Lock and Fuse Bits
0000 0010
Read Flash
0000 0011
Read EEPROM
The following algorithm puts the device in Parallel Programming Mode:
1. Apply supply voltage according to Table 26, between VCC and GND.
2. Set the RESET and BS pin to “0” and wait at least 100 ns.
3. Apply 11.5 - 12.5V to RESET. Any activity on BS within 100 ns after +12V has
been applied to RESET will cause the device to fail entering programming mode.
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AT90S8515
Chip Erase
The Chip Erase command will erase the Flash and EEPROM memories and the Lock
bits. The Lock bits are not reset until the Flash and EEPROM have been completely
erased. The Fuse bits are not changed. Chip Erase must be performed before the Flash
or EEPROM is reprogrammed.
Load Command “Chip Erase”
1. Set XA1, XA0 to “10”. This enables command loading.
2. Set BS to “0”.
3. Set DATA to “1000 0000”. This is the command for Chip Erase.
4. Give XTAL1 a positive pulse. This loads the command.
5. Give WR a tWLWH_CE-wide negative pulse to execute Chip Erase. See Table 30
on page 85 for tWLWH_CE value. Chip Erase does not generate any activity on the
RDY/BSY pin.
Programming the Flash
A: Load Command “Write Flash”
1. Set XA1, XA0 to “10”. This enables command loading.
2. Set BS to “0”.
3. Set DATA to “0001 0000”. This is the command for Write Flash.
4. Give XTAL1 a positive pulse. This loads the command.
B: Load Address High Byte
1. Set XA1, XA0 to “00”. This enables address loading.
2. Set BS to “1”. This selects high byte.
3. Set DATA = Address high byte ($00 - $0F).
4. Give XTAL1 a positive pulse. This loads the address high byte.
C: Load Address Low Byte
1. Set XA1, XA0 to “00”. This enables address loading.
2. Set BS to “0”. This selects low byte.
3. Set DATA = Address low byte ($00 - $FF).
4. Give XTAL1 a positive pulse. This loads the address low byte.
D: Load Data Low Byte
1. Set XA1, XA0 to “01”. This enables data loading.
2. Set DATA = Data low byte ($00 - $FF).
3. Give XTAL1 a positive pulse. This loads the data low byte.
E: Write Data Low Byte
1. Set BS to “0”. This selects low data.
2. Give WR a negative pulse. This starts programming of the data byte. RDY/BSY
goes low.
3. Wait until RDY/BSY goes high to program the next byte.
(See Figure 61 for signal waveforms.)
F: Load Data High Byte
1. Set XA1, XA0 to “01”. This enables data loading.
2. Set DATA = Data high byte ($00 - $FF).
3. Give XTAL1 a positive pulse. This loads the data high byte.
G: Write Data High Byte
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0841G–09/01
1. Set BS to “1”. This selects high data.
2. Give WR a negative pulse. This starts programming of the data byte. RDY/BSY
goes low.
3. Wait until RDY/BSY goes high to program the next byte.
(See Figure 62 for signal waveforms.)
The loaded command and address are retained in the device during programming. For
efficient programming, the following should be considered:
•
The command needs only be loaded once when writing or reading multiple memory
locations.
•
Address high byte needs only be loaded before programming a new 256-word page
in the Flash.
•
Skip writing the data value $FF, that is, the contents of the entire Flash and
EEPROM after a Chip Erase.
These considerations also apply to EEPROM programming and Flash, EEPROM and
signature byte reading.
Figure 61. Programming the Flash Waveforms
DATA
$10
ADDR. HIGH
ADDR. LOW
DATA LOW
XA1
XA0
BS
XTAL1
WR
RDY/BSY
RESET
12V
OE
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AT90S8515
Figure 62. Programming the Flash Waveforms (Continued)
DATA
DATA HIGH
XA1
XA0
BS
XTAL1
WR
RDY/BSY
RESET
+12V
OE
Reading the Flash
The algorithm for reading the Flash memory is as follows (refer to “Programming the
Flash” for details on command and address loading):
1. A: Load Command “0000 0010”.
2. B: Load Address High Byte ($00 - $0F).
3. C: Load Address Low Byte ($00 - $FF).
4. Set OE to “0”, and BS to “0”. The Flash word low byte can now be read at DATA.
5. Set BS to “1”. The Flash word high byte can now be read from DATA.
6. Set OE to “1”.
Programming the EEPROM
The programming algorithm for the EEPROM data memory is as follows (refer to “Programming the Flash” for details on command, address and data loading):
1. A: Load Command “0001 0001”.
2. (AT90S8515 only) B: Load Address High Byte ($00 - $01).
3. C: Load Address Low Byte ($00 - $FF).
4. D: Load Data Low Byte ($00 - $FF).
5. E: Write Data Low Byte.
Reading the EEPROM
The algorithm for reading the EEPROM memory is as follows (refer to “Programming the
Flash” for details on command and address loading):
1. A: Load Command “0000 0011”.
2. (AT90S8515 only) B: Load Address High Byte ($00 - $01).
3. C: Load Address Low Byte ($00 - $FF).
4. Set OE to “0”, and BS to “0”. The EEPROM data byte can now be read at DATA.
5. Set OE to “1”.
Programming the Fuse Bits
The algorithm for programming the Fuse bits is as follows (refer to “Programming the
Flash” for details on command and data loading):
1. A: Load Command “0100 0000”.
2. D: Load Data Low Byte. Bit n = “0” programs and bit n = “1” erases the Fuse bit.
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0841G–09/01
Bit 5 = SPIEN Fuse bit
Bit 0 = FSTRT Fuse bit
Bit 7 - 6, 4 - 1 = “1”. These bits are reserved and should be left unprogrammed (“1”).
3. Give WR a tWLWH_PFB-wide negative pulse to execute the programming,
tWLWH_PFB is found in Table 30. Programming the Fuse bits does not generate
any activity on the RDY/BSY pin.
Programming the Lock Bits
The algorithm for programming the Lock bits is as follows (refer to “Programming the
Flash” on page 81 for details on command and data loading):
1. A: Load Command “0010 0000”.
2. D: Load Data Low Byte. Bit n = “0” programs the Lock bit.
Bit 2 = Lock Bit2
Bit 1 = Lock Bit1
Bit 7 - 3, 0 = “1”. These bits are reserved and should be left unprogrammed (“1”).
3. E: Write Data Low Byte.
The Lock bits can only be cleared by executing Chip Erase.
Reading the Fuse and Lock
Bits
The algorithm for reading the Fuse and Lock bits is as follows (refer to “Programming
the Flash” on page 81 for details on Command loading):
1. A: Load Command “0000 0100”.
2. Set OE to “0”, and BS to “1”. The status of the Fuse and Lock bits can now be
read at DATA (“0” means programmed).
Bit 7 = Lock Bit1
Bit 6 = Lock Bit2
Bit 5 = SPIEN Fuse bit
Bit 0 = FSTRT Fuse bit
3. Set OE to “1”.
Observe that BS needs to be set to “1”.
Reading the Signature Bytes
The algorithm for reading the signature bytes is as follows (refer to “Programming the
Flash” on page 81 for details on command and address loading):
1. A: Load Command “0000 1000”.
2. C: Load Address Low Byte ($00 - $02).
Set OE to “0”, and BS to “0”. The selected signature byte can now be read at DATA.
3. Set OE to “1”.
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AT90S8515
Parallel Programming
Characteristics
Figure 63. Parallel Programming Timing
tXLWL
tXHXL
XTAL1
tDVXH
tXLDX tBVWL
Data & Control
(DATA, XA0/1, BS)
Write
tWLWH
WR
tRHBX
tWHRL
RDY/BSY
tWLRH
tXLOL
tOHDZ
tOLDV
Read
OE
DATA
Table 30. Parallel Programming Characteristics, TA = 25°C ± 10%, VCC = 5V ± 10%
Symbol
Parameter
Min
VPP
Programming Enable Voltage
11.5
IPP
Programming Enable Current
tDVXH
Data and Control Setup before XTAL1 High
67.0
ns
tXHXL
XTAL1 Pulse Width High
67.0
ns
tXLDX
Data and Control Hold after XTAL1 Low
67.0
ns
tXLWL
XTAL1 Low to WR Low
67.0
ns
tBVWL
BS Valid to WR Low
67.0
ns
tRHBX
BS Hold after RDY/BSY High
67.0
ns
tWLWH
WR Pulse Width Low(1)
67.0
ns
(2)
tWHRL
WR High to RDY/BSY Low
(2)
Max
Units
12.5
V
250.0
µA
20.0
tWLRH
WR Low to RDY/BSY High
tXLOL
XTAL1 Low to OE Low
tOLDV
OE Low to DATA Valid
tOHDZ
OE High to DATA Tri-stated
tWLWH_CE
WR Pulse Width Low for Chip Erase
5.0
tWLWH_PFB
WR Pulse Width Low for Programming the Fuse
Bits
1.0
Notes:
Typ
0.5
0.7
ns
0.9
67.0
ms
ns
20.0
ns
20.0
ns
10.0
15.0
ms
1.5
1.8
ms
1. Use tWLWH_CE for Chip Erase and tWLWH_PFB for programming the Fuse bits.
2. If tWLWH is held longer than tWLRH, no RDY/BSY pulse will be seen.
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Serial Downloading
Both the program and data memory arrays can be programmed using the SPI bus while
RESET is pulled to GND. The serial interface consists of pins SCK, MOSI (input) and
MISO (output). See Figure 64. After RESET is set low, the Programming Enable instruction needs to be executed first before program/erase instructions can be executed.
Figure 64. Serial Programming and Verify
2.7 - 6.0V
AT90S8515
GND
RESET
VCC
PB7
PB6
PB5
CLOCK INPUT
SCK
MISO
MOSI
XTAL1
GND
For the EEPROM, an auto-erase cycle is provided within the self-timed Write instruction
and there is no need to first execute the Chip Erase instruction. The Chip Erase instruction turns the content of every memory location in both the program and EEPROM
arrays into $FF.
The program and EEPROM memory arrays have separate address spaces: $0000 to
$0FFF (AT90S8515) for program memory and $0000 to $01FF (AT90S8515) for
EEPROM memory.
Either an external clock is supplied at pin XTAL1 or a crystal needs to be connected
across pins XTAL1 and XTAL2. The minimum low and high periods for the serial clock
(SCK) input are defined as follows:
Low: > 2 XTAL1 clock cycles
High: > 2 XTAL1 clock cycles
Serial Programming
Algorithm
When writing serial data to the AT90S8515, data is clocked on the rising edge of SCK.
When reading data from the AT90S8515, data is clocked on the falling edge of SCK.
See Figure 65, Figure 66 and Table 33 on page 89 for timing details.
To program and verify the AT90S8515 in the Serial Programming Mode, the following
sequence is recommended (see 4-byte instruction formats in Table 32):
1. Power-up sequence:
Apply power between VCC and GND while RESET and SCK are set to “0”. If a crystal is not connected across pins XTAL1 and XTAL2, apply a clock signal to the
XTAL1 pin. In some systems, the programmer cannot guarantee that SCK is held
low during power-up. In this case, RESET must be given a positive pulse of at least
two XTAL1 cycles duration after SCK has been set to “0”.
2. Wait for at least 20 ms and enable serial programming by sending the Programming Enable serial instruction to the MOSI (PB5) pin.
3. The serial programming instructions will not work if the communication is out of
synchronization. When in sync, the second byte ($53) will echo back when issu-
86
AT90S8515
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515
ing the third byte of the Programming Enable instruction. Whether the echo is
correct or not, all four bytes of the instruction must be transmitted. If the $53 did
not echo back, give SCK a positive pulse and issue a new Programming Enable
instruction. If the $53 is not seen within 32 attempts, there is no functional device
connected.
4. If a Chip Erase is performed (must be done to erase the Flash), wait tWD_ERASE
after the instruction, give RESET a positive pulse and start over from step 2. See
Table 34 on page 89 for tWD_ERASE value.
5. The Flash or EEPROM array is programmed one byte at a time by supplying the
address and data together with the appropriate Write instruction. An EEPROM
memory location is first automatically erased before new data is written. Use
Data Polling to detect when the next byte in the Flash or EEPROM can be written. If polling is not used, wait tWD_PROG before transmitting the next instruction.
See Table 35 on page 89 for tWD_PROG value. In an erased device, no $FFs in the
data file(s) need to be programmed.
6. Any memory location can be verified by using the Read instruction that returns
the content at the selected address at the serial output MISO (PB6) pin.
7. At the end of the programming session, RESET can be set high to commence
normal operation.
8. Power-off sequence (if needed):
Set XTAL1 to “0” (if a crystal is not used).
Set RESET to “1”.
Turn VCC power off.
Data Polling EEPROM
When a byte is being programmed into the EEPROM, reading the address location
being programmed will give the value P1 until the auto-erase is finished and then the
value P2. See Table 31 for P1 and P2 values.
At the time the device is ready for a new EEPROM byte, the programmed value will read
correctly. This is used to determine when the next byte can be written. This will not work
for the values P1 and P2, so when programming these values, the user will have to wait
for at least the prescribed time tWD_PROG before programming the next byte. See Table
34 for tWD_PROG value. As a chip-erased device contains $FF in all locations, programming of addresses that are meant to contain $FF can be skipped. This does not apply if
the EEPROM is reprogrammed without first chip-erasing the device.
Table 31. Read Back Value during EEPROM Polling
Data Polling Flash
Part
P1
P2
AT90S8515
$80
$7F
When a byte is being programmed into the Flash, reading the address location being
programmed will give the value $7F. At the time the device is ready for a new byte, the
programmed value will read correctly. This is used to determine when the next byte can
be written. This will not work for the value $7F, so when programming this value, the
user will have to wait for at least tWD_PROG before programming the next byte. As a chiperased device contains $FF in all locations, programming of addresses that are meant
to contain $FF can be skipped.
87
0841G–09/01
Figure 65. Serial Programming Waveforms
Table 32. Serial Programming Instruction Set
Instruction Format
Instruction
Programming Enable
Chip Erase
Read Program Memory
Write Program Memory
Read EEPROM Memory
Write EEPROM Memory
Write Lock Bits
Byte 1
Byte 2
Byte 3
Byte4
Operation
1010 1100
0101 0011
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
Enable serial programming while
RESET is low.
1010 1100
100x xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
Chip Erase Flash and EEPROM
memory arrays.
0010 H000
xxxx aaaa
bbbb bbbb
oooo oooo
Read H (high or low) data o from
program memory at word address a:b.
0100 H000
xxxx aaaa
bbbb bbbb
iiii iiii
Write H (high or low) data i to program
memory at word address a:b.
1010 0000
xxxx xxxa
bbbb bbbb
oooo oooo
Read data o from EEPROM memory at
address a:b.
1100 0000
xxxx xxxa
bbbb bbbb
iiii iiii
Write data i to EEPROM memory at
address a:b.
1010 1100
111x x21x
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
Write Lock bits. Set bits 1,2 = “0” to
program Lock bits.
Read Signature Bytes
0011 0000
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxbb
oooo oooo Read signature byte o at address b.(1)
Note:
1. The signature bytes are not readable in lock mode 3, i.e., both Lock bits programmed.
a = address high bits
b = address low bits
H = 0 – Low byte, 1 – High Byte
o = data out
i = data in
x = don’t care
1 = Lock bit 1
2 = Lock bit 2
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AT90S8515
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AT90S8515
Serial Programming
Characteristics
Figure 66. Serial Programming Timing
MOSI
SCK
tSLSH
tSHOX
tOVSH
tSHSL
MISO
tSLIV
Table 33. Serial Programming Characteristics, TA = -40°C to 85°C, VCC = 2.7V - 6.0V
(unless otherwise noted)
Symbol
Parameter
Min
1/tCLCL
Oscillator Frequency (VCC = 2.7 - 4.0V)
tCLCL
Oscillator Period (VCC = 2.7 - 4.0V)
1/tCLCL
Oscillator Frequency (VCC = 4.0 - 6.0V)
tCLCL
Oscillator Period (VCC = 4.0 - 6.0V)
tSHSL
Typ
0
Max
Units
4.0
MHz
250.0
ns
0
8.0
MHz
125.0
ns
SCK Pulse Width High
2.0 tCLCL
ns
tSLSH
SCK Pulse Width Low
2.0 tCLCL
ns
tOVSH
MOSI Setup to SCK High
tCLCL
ns
tSHOX
MOSI Hold after SCK High
2.0 tCLCL
ns
tSLIV
SCK Low to MISO Valid
10.0
16.0
32.0
ns
Table 34. Minimum Wait Delay after the Chip Erase Instruction
Symbol
3.2V
3.6V
4.0V
5.0V
tWD_ERASE
18 ms
14 ms
12 ms
8 ms
Table 35. Minimum Wait Delay after Writing a Flash or EEPROM Location
Symbol
3.2V
3.6V
4.0V
5.0V
tWD_PROG
9 ms
7 ms
6 ms
4 ms
89
0841G–09/01
Electrical Characteristics
Absolute Maximum Ratings*
Operating Temperature.................................. -55°C to +125°C
*NOTICE:
Storage Temperature ..................................... -65°C to +150°C
Voltage on Any Pin except RESET
with Respect to Ground .............................-1.0V to VCC + 0.5V
Voltage on RESET
with Respect to Ground ...................................-1.0V to +13.0V
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute
Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and
functional operation of the device at these or
other conditions beyond those indicated in the
operational sections of this specification is not
implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating
conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
Maximum Operating Voltage ............................................ 6.6V
DC Current per I/O Pin ............................................... 40.0 mA
DC Current VCC and GND Pins................................ 200.0 mA
DC Characteristics
TA = -40°C to 85°C, VCC = 2.7V to 6.0V (unless otherwise noted)
Symbol
VIL
VIL1
Parameter
Condition
Input Low Voltage
(Except XTAL1)
Input Low Voltage
(XTAL1)
Min
Typ
Max
Units
0.3 VCC
(1)
V
0.2 VCC
(1)
V
(2)
VCC + 0.5
V
-0.5
-0.5
VIH
Input High Voltage
(Except XTAL1, RESET)
0.6 VCC
VIH1
Input High Voltage
(XTAL1)
0.8 VCC(2)
VCC + 0.5
V
VIH2
Input High Voltage
(RESET)
0.9 VCC(2)
VCC + 0.5
V
0.6
0.5
V
V
(3)
VOL
Output Low Voltage
(Ports A, B, C, D)
IOL = 20 mA, VCC = 5V
IOL = 10 mA, VCC = 3V
VOH
Output High Voltage(4)
(Ports A, B, C, D)
IOH = -3 mA, VCC = 5V
IOH = -1.5 mA, VCC = 3V
IIL
Input Leakage
Current I/O Pin
VCC = 6V, pin low
(absolute value)
8.0
µA
IIH
Input Leakage
Current I/O Pin
VCC = 6V, pin high
(absolute value)
980.0
nA
RRST
Reset Pull-up Resistor
100.0
500.0
kΩ
RI/O
I/O Pin Pull-up Resistor
35.0
120.0
kΩ
Active Mode, VCC = 3V, 4 MHz
3.0
mA
Idle Mode VCC = 3V, 4 MHz
1.2
mA
Power Supply Current
ICC
Power-down mode(5)
V
V
WDT enabled, VCC = 3V
9.0
15.0
µA
WDT disabled, VCC = 3V
<1.0
2.0
µA
40.0
mV
50.0
nA
VACIO
Analog Comparator
Input Offset Voltage
VCC = 5V
Vin = VCC/2
IACLK
Analog Comparator
Input Leakage Current
VCC = 5V
Vin = VCC/2
tACPD
Analog Comparator
Propagation Delay
VCC = 2.7V
VCC = 4.0V
90
4.2
2.3
-50.0
750.0
500.0
ns
AT90S8515
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515
Notes:
1. “Max” means the highest value where the pin is guaranteed to be read as low.
2. “Min” means the lowest value where the pin is guaranteed to be read as high.
3. Although each I/O port can sink more than the test conditions (20 mA at VCC = 5V, 10 mA at VCC = 3V) under steady state
conditions (non-transient), the following must be observed:
1] The sum of all IOL, for all ports, should not exceed 200 mA.
2] The sum of all IOL, for ports B0 - B7, D0 - D7 and XTAL2, should not exceed 100 mA.
3] The sum of all IOL, for ports A0 - A7, ALE, OC1B and C0 - C7 should not exceed 100 mA.
If IOL exceeds the test condition, VOL may exceed the related specification. Pins are not guaranteed to sink current greater
than the listed test condition.
4. Although each I/O port can source more than the test conditions (3 mA at VCC = 5V, 1.5 mA at VCC = 3V) under steady state
conditions (non-transient), the following must be observed:
1] The sum of all IOH, for all ports, should not exceed 200 mA.
2] The sum of all IOH, for ports B0 - B7, D0 - D7 and XTAL2, should not exceed 100 mA.
3] The sum of all IOH, for ports A0 - A7, ALE, OC1B and C0 - C7 should not exceed 100 mA.
If IOH exceeds the test condition, VOH may exceed the related specification. Pins are not guaranteed to source current
greater than the listed test condition.
5. Minimum VCC for power-down is 2V.
91
0841G–09/01
External Clock Drive
Waveforms
Figure 67. External Clock
VIH1
VIL1
Table 36. External Clock Drive
VCC = 2.7V to 4.0V
VCC = 4.0V to 6.0V
Min
Max
Min
Max
Units
0
4.0
0
8.0
MHz
Symbol
Parameter
1/tCLCL
Oscillator Frequency
tCLCL
Clock Period
250.0
125.0
ns
tCHCX
High Time
100.0
50.0
ns
tCLCX
Low Time
100.0
50.0
ns
tCLCH
Rise Time
1.6
0.5
µs
tCHCL
Fall Time
1.6
0.5
µs
Note:
See “External Data Memory Timing” for a description of how the duty cycle influences the
timing for the external data memory.
Figure 68. External RAM Timing
T1
T2
T3
T4
0
System Clock Ø
1
4
7
Address [15..8] Prev. Address
Address
Data/Address [7..0]
Prev. Address
13
15
Data
Address
3a
WR
16
6
RD
Prev. Address
Address
Addr.
11
3b
Data/Address [7..0]
Addr.
14
Write
2
Read
ALE
Data
5
10
8
9
12
Note: Clock cycle T3 is only present when external SRAM wait state is enabled.
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AT90S8515
External Data Memory Timing
Table 37. External Data Memory Characteristics, 4.0V - 6.0V, No Wait State
8 MHz Oscillator
0
1
Symbol
Parameter
1/tCLCL
Oscillator Frequency
tLHLL
ALE Pulse Width
Min
Max
Variable Oscillator
Min
0.0
32.5
Max
Unit
8.0
MHz
(1)
ns
(1)
0.5 tCLCL - 30.0
2
tAVLL
Address Valid A to ALE Low
22.5
0.5 tCLCL - 40.0
ns
3a
tLLAX_ST
Address Hold after ALE Low,
ST/STD/STS Instructions
67.5
0.5 tCLCL + 5.0(2)
ns
3b
tLLAX_LD
Address Hold after ALE Low,
LD/LDD/LDS Instructions
15.0
15.0
ns
4
tAVLLC
Address Valid C to ALE Low
22.5
0.5 tCLCL - 40.0(1)
ns
5
tAVRL
Address Valid to RD Low
95.0
1.0 tCLCL - 30.0
ns
6
tAVWL
Address Valid to WR Low
157.5
1.5 tCLCL - 30.0(1)
ns
7
tLLWL
ALE Low to WR Low
105.0
8
tLLRL
ALE Low to RD Low
42.5
9
tDVRH
Data Setup to RD High
60.0
10
tRLDV
Read Low to Data Valid
11
tRHDX
Data Hold after RD High
12
tRLRH
13
145.0
82.5
1.0 tCLCL - 20.0
(2)
0.5 tCLCL - 20.0
1.0 tCLCL + 20.0
(2)
0.5 tCLCL + 20.0
60.0
ns
ns
ns
70.0
1.0 tCLCL - 55.0
ns
0.0
0.0
ns
RD Pulse Width
105.0
1.0 tCLCL - 20.0
ns
tDVWL
Data Setup to WR Low
27.5
0.5 tCLCL - 35.0(2)
ns
14
tWHDX
Data Hold after WR High
0.0
0.0
ns
15
tDVWH
Data Valid to WR High
95.0
1.0 tCLCL - 30.0
16
tWLWH
WR Pulse Width
ns
(1)
42.5
0.5 tCLCL - 20.0
ns
Table 38. External Data Memory Characteristics, 4.0V - 6.0V, One Cycle Wait State
8 MHz Oscillator
Min
Max
Variable Oscillator
Symbol
Parameter
Min
Max
Unit
0
1/tCLCL
Oscillator Frequency
0.0
8.0
MHz
10
tRLDV
Read Low to Data Valid
2.0 tCLCL - 55.0
ns
12
tRLRH
RD Pulse Width
230.0
2.0 tCLCL - 20.0
ns
15
tDVWH
Data Valid to WR High
220.0
2.0 tCLCL - 30.0
ns
195.0
(2)
16 tWLWH
WR Pulse Width
167.5
1.5 tCLCL - 20.0
Notes: 1. This assumes 50% clock duty cycle. The half-period is actually the high time of the external clock, XTAL1.
2. This assumes 50% clock duty cycle. The half-period is actually the low time of the external clock, XTAL1.
ns
93
0841G–09/01
Table 39. External Data Memory Characteristics, 2.7V - 4.0V, No Wait State
4 MHz Oscillator
0
Symbol
Parameter
1/tCLCL
Oscillator Frequency
Min
Max
Variable Oscillator
Min
0.0
Max
Unit
4.0
MHz
(1)
ns
1
tLHLL
ALE Pulse Width
70.0
0.5 tCLCL - 55.0
2
tAVLL
Address Valid A to ALE Low
60.0
0.5 tCLCL - 65.0(1)
ns
3a
tLLAX_ST
Address Hold after ALE Low,
ST/STD/STS Instructions
130.0
0.5 tCLCL + 5.0(2)
ns
3b
tLLAX_LD
Address Hold after ALE Low,
LD/LDD/LDS Instructions
15.0
15.0
ns
4
tAVLLC
Address Valid C to ALE Low
60.0
0.5 tCLCL - 65.0(1)
ns
5
tAVRL
Address Valid to RD Low
200.0
1.0 tCLCL - 50.0
ns
(1)
6
tAVWL
Address Valid to WR Low
325.0
7
tLLWL
ALE Low to WR Low
230.0
270.0
1.0 tCLCL - 20.0
1.0 tCLCL + 20.0
ns
8
tLLRL
ALE Low to RD Low
105.0
145.0
0.5 tCLCL - 20.0(2)
0.5 tCLCL + 20.0(2)
ns
9
tDVRH
Data Setup to RD High
95.0
10
tRLDV
Read Low to Data Valid
11
tRHDX
Data Hold after RD High
12
tRLRH
RD Pulse Width
1.5 tCLCL - 50.0
95.0
ns
170.0
1.0 tCLCL - 80.0
0.0
0.0
230.0
1.0 tCLCL - 20.0
Data Setup to WR Low
70.0
14
tWHDX
Data Hold after WR High
0.0
0.0
15
tDVWH
Data Valid to WR High
210.0
1.0 tCLCL - 40.0
WR Pulse Width
105.0
0.5 tCLCL - 20.0
ns
(1)
tDVWL
tWLWH
0.5 tCLCL - 55.0
ns
ns
13
16
ns
ns
ns
ns
(2)
ns
Table 40. External Data Memory Characteristics, 2.7V - 4.0V, One Cycle Wait State
4 MHz Oscillator
Min
Max
Variable Oscillator
Symbol
Parameter
Min
Max
Unit
0
1/tCLCL
Oscillator Frequency
0.0
4.0
MHz
10
tRLDV
Read Low to Data Valid
2.0 tCLCL - 80.0
ns
12
tRLRH
RD Pulse Width
480.0
2.0 tCLCL - 20.0
ns
15
tDVWH
Data Valid to WR High
460.0
2.0 tCLCL - 40.0
ns
420.00
(2)
16 tWLWH
WR Pulse Width
355.0
1.5 tCLCL - 20.0
Notes: 1. This assumes 50% clock duty cycle. The half-period is actually the high time of the external clock, XTAL1.
2. This assumes 50% clock duty cycle. The half-period is actually the low time of the external clock, XTAL1.
94
ns
AT90S8515
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515
Typical
Characteristics
The following charts show typical behavior. These figures are not tested during manufacturing. All current consumption measurements are performed with all I/O pins
configured as inputs and with internal pull-ups enabled. ICP is pulled high externally. A
sine wave generator with rail-to-rail output is used as clock source.
The power consumption in Power-down mode is independent of clock selection.
The current consumption is a function of several factors such as: operating voltage,
operating frequency, loading of I/O pins, switching rate of I/O pins, code executed and
ambient temperature. The dominating factors are operating voltage and frequency.
The current drawn from capacitive loaded pins may be estimated (for one pin) as
C L • VCC • f where C L = load capacitance, V CC = operating voltage and f = average
switching frequency of I/O pin.
The parts are characterized at frequencies higher than test limits. Parts are not guaranteed to function properly at frequencies higher than the ordering code indicates.
The difference between current consumption in Power-down mode with Watchdog
Timer enabled and Power-down mode with Watchdog Timer disabled represents the differential current drawn by the Watchdog Timer.
Figure 69. Active Supply Current vs. Frequency
ACTIVE SUPPLY CURRENT vs. FREQUENCY
TA= 25˚C
25
Vcc= 6V
Vcc= 5.5V
20
I cc(mA)
Vcc= 5V
15
Vcc= 4.5V
Vcc= 4V
10
Vcc= 3.6V
Vcc= 3.3V
Vcc= 3.0V
Vcc= 2.7V
5
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Frequency (MHz)
95
0841G–09/01
Figure 70. Active Supply Current vs. VCC
ACTIVE SUPPLY CURRENT vs. Vcc
FREQUENCY = 4 MHz
14
TA = -40˚C
12
TA = 25˚C
10
I cc(mA)
TA = 85˚C
8
6
4
2
0
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Vcc(V)
Figure 71. Idle Supply Current vs. Frequency
IDLE SUPPLY CURRENT vs. FREQUENCY
TA= 25˚C
12
Vcc= 6V
10
Vcc= 5.5V
8
I cc(mA)
Vcc= 5V
6
Vcc= 4.5V
Vcc= 4V
4
Vcc= 3.6V
Vcc= 3.3V
Vcc= 3.0V
Vcc= 2.7V
2
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Frequency (MHz)
96
AT90S8515
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515
Figure 72. Idle Supply Current vs. VCC
IDLE SUPPLY CURRENT vs. Vcc
FREQUENCY = 4 MHz
4
TA = -40˚C
3.5
TA = 25˚C
TA = 85˚C
3
I cc(mA)
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Vcc(V)
Figure 73. Power-down Supply Current vs. VCC
POWER DOWN SUPPLY CURRENT vs. Vcc
WATCHDOG TIMER DISABLED
12
TA = 85˚C
10
I cc(µΑ)
8
6
TA = 70˚C
4
2
TA = 45˚C
TA = 25˚C
0
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Vcc(V)
97
0841G–09/01
Figure 74. Power-down Supply Current vs. VCC
POWER DOWN SUPPLY CURRENT vs. Vcc
WATCHDOG TIMER ENABLED
140
120
TA = 85˚C
100
I cc(µΑ)
TA = 25˚C
80
60
40
20
0
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Vcc(V)
Figure 75. Analog Comparator Current vs. VCC
ANALOG COMPARATOR CURRENT vs. Vcc
0.8
0.7
TA = 25˚C
TA = -40˚C
0.6
TA = 85˚C
I cc(mA)
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Vcc(V)
98
AT90S8515
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515
Analog Comparator offset voltage is measured as absolute offset.
Figure 76. Analog Comparator Offset Voltage vs. Common Mode Voltage
ANALOG COMPARATOR OFFSET VOLTAGE vs.
COMMON MODE VOLTAGE
Vcc = 5V
18
16
TA = 25˚C
Offset Voltage (mV)
14
12
TA = 85˚C
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Common Mode Voltage (V)
Figure 77. Analog Comparator Offset Voltage vs. Common Mode Voltage
ANALOG COMPARATOR OFFSET VOLTAGE vs.
COMMON MODE VOLTAGE
Vcc = 2.7V
10
TA = 25˚C
Offset Voltage (mV)
8
6
TA = 85˚C
4
2
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Common Mode Voltage (V)
99
0841G–09/01
Figure 78. Analog Comparator Input Leakage Current
ANALOG COMPARATOR INPUT LEAKAGE CURRENT
VCC = 6V
TA = 25˚C
60
50
30
I
ACLK
(nA)
40
20
10
0
-10
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
VIN (V)
Figure 79. Watchdog Oscillator Frequency vs. VCC
WATCHDOG OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY vs. Vcc
1600
TA = 25˚C
1400
TA = 85˚C
F RC (KHz)
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Vcc (V)
100
AT90S8515
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515
Sink and source capabilities of I/O ports are measured on one pin at a time.
Figure 80. Pull-up Resistor Current vs. Input Voltage
PULL-UP RESISTOR CURRENT vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
Vcc = 5V
120
TA = 25˚C
100
TA = 85˚C
I
OP (µA)
80
60
40
20
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
VOP (V)
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Figure 81. Pull-up Resistor Current vs. Input Voltage
PULL-UP RESISTOR CURRENT vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
Vcc = 2.7V
30
TA = 25˚C
25
TA = 85˚C
15
I
OP (µA)
20
10
5
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
VOP (V)
101
0841G–09/01
Figure 82. I/O Pin Sink Current vs. Output Voltage
I/O PIN SINK CURRENT vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE
Vcc = 5V
70
TA = 25˚C
60
TA = 85˚C
50
30
I
OL (mA)
40
20
10
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
VOL (V)
Figure 83. I/O Pin Source Current vs. Output Voltage
I/O PIN SOURCE CURRENT vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE
Vcc = 5V
20
TA = 25˚C
18
16
TA = 85˚C
14
I
OH (mA)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
VOH (V)
102
AT90S8515
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515
Figure 84. I/O Pin Source Current vs. Output Voltage
I/O PIN SOURCE CURRENT vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE
Vcc = 2.7V
6
TA = 25˚C
5
TA = 85˚C
3
I
OH (mA)
4
2
1
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
VOH (V)
Figure 85. I/O Pin Input Threshold Voltage vs. VCC
I/O PIN INPUT THRESHOLD VOLTAGE vs. Vcc
TA = 25˚C
2.5
Threshold Voltage (V)
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2.7
4.0
5.0
Vcc
103
0841G–09/01
Figure 86. I/O Pin Input Hysteresis vs. VCC
I/O PIN INPUT HYSTERESIS vs. Vcc
TA = 25˚C
0.18
0.16
Input hysteresis (V)
0.14
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
2.7
4.0
5.0
Vcc
Figure 87. I/O Pin Sink Current vs. Output Voltage
I/O PIN SINK CURRENT vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE
Vcc = 2.7V
25
TA = 25˚C
20
TA = 85˚C
10
I
OL (mA)
15
5
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
VOL (V)
104
AT90S8515
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515
Register Summary
Address
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Page
$3F ($5F)
$3E ($5E)
$3D ($5D)
$3C ($5C)
$3B ($5B)
$3A ($5A)
$39 ($59)
$38 ($58)
$37 ($57)
$36 ($56)
$35 ($55)
$34 ($54)
$33 ($53)
$32 ($52)
...
$2F ($4F)
$2E ($4E)
$2D ($4D)
$2C ($4C)
$2B ($4B)
$2A ($4A)
$29 ($49)
$28 ($48)
...
$25 ($45)
$24 ($44)
...
$21 ($41)
$20 ($40)
$1F ($3F)
$1E ($3E)
$1D ($3D)
$1C ($3C)
$1B ($3B)
$1A ($3A)
$19 ($39)
$18 ($38)
$17 ($37)
$16 ($36)
$15 ($35)
$14 ($34)
$13 ($33)
$12 ($32)
$11 ($31)
$10 ($30)
$0F ($2F)
$0E ($2E)
$0D ($2D)
$0C ($2C)
$0B ($2B)
$0A ($2A)
$09 ($29)
$08 ($28)
…
$00 ($20)
SREG
SPH
SPL
Reserved
GIMSK
GIFR
TIMSK
TIFR
Reserved
Reserved
MCUCR
Reserved
TCCR0
TCNT0
Reserved
TCCR1A
TCCR1B
TCNT1H
TCNT1L
OCR1AH
OCR1AL
OCR1BH
OCR1BL
Reserved
ICR1H
ICR1L
Reserved
WDTCR
Reserved
EEARH
EEARL
EEDR
EECR
PORTA
DDRA
PINA
PORTB
DDRB
PINB
PORTC
DDRC
PINC
PORTD
DDRD
PIND
SPDR
SPSR
SPCR
UDR
USR
UCR
UBRR
ACSR
Reserved
Reserved
I
SP15
SP7
T
SP14
SP6
H
SP13
SP5
S
SP12
SP4
V
SP11
SP3
N
SP10
SP2
Z
SP9
SP1
C
SP8
SP0
page 20
page 21
page 21
INT1
INTF1
TOIE1
TOV1
INT0
INTF0
OCIE1A
OCF1A
-
-
-
-
-
-
OCIE1B
OCF1B
-
TICIE1
ICF1
-
TOIE0
TOV0
-
page 26
page 26
page 27
page 28
SRE
SRW
SE
SM
ISC11
ISC10
ISC01
ISC00
page 29
-
-
-
CS02
CS01
CS00
page 33
page 34
COM1A1
ICNC1
COM1A0
ICES1
PWM11
CS11
PWM10
CS10
page 36
page 37
page 38
page 38
page 38
page 38
page 39
page 39
Notes:
Timer/Counter0 (8 Bits)
COM1B1
COM1B0
CTC1
CS12
Timer/Counter1 – Counter Register High Byte
Timer/Counter1 – Counter Register Low Byte
Timer/Counter1 – Output Compare Register A High Byte
Timer/Counter1 – Output Compare Register A Low Byte
Timer/Counter1 – Output Compare Register B High Byte
Timer/Counter1 – Output Compare Register B Low Byte
Timer/Counter1 – Input Capture Register High Byte
Timer/Counter1 – Input Capture Register Low Byte
-
-
-
-
-
-
PORTA7
DDA7
PINA7
PORTB7
DDB7
PINB7
PORTC7
DDC7
PINC7
PORTD7
DDD7
PIND7
PORTA6
DDA6
PINA6
PORTB6
DDB6
PINB6
PORTC6
DDC6
PINC6
PORTD6
DDD6
PIND6
SPIF
SPIE
WCOL
SPE
RXC
RXCIE
TXC
TXCIE
ACD
-
WDTOE
WDE
WDP2
EEPROM Address Register Low Byte
EEPROM Data Register
EEMWE
PORTA5
PORTA4
PORTA3
PORTA2
DDA5
DDA4
DDA3
DDA2
PINA5
PINA4
PINA3
PINA2
PORTB5
PORTB4
PORTB3
PORTB2
DDB5
DDB4
DDB3
DDB2
PINB5
PINB4
PINB3
PINB2
PORTC5
PORTC4
PORTC3
PORTC2
DDC5
DDC4
DDC3
DDC2
PINC5
PINC4
PINC3
PINC2
PORTD5
PORTD4
PORTD3
PORTD2
DDD5
DDD4
DDD3
DDD2
PIND5
PIND4
PIND3
PIND2
SPI Data Register
DORD
MSTR
CPOL
CPHA
UART I/O Data Register
UDRE
FE
OR
UDRIE
RXEN
TXEN
CHR9
UART Baud Rate Register
ACO
ACI
ACIE
ACIC
page 39
page 39
WDP1
WDP0
page 42
-
EEAR8
EEWE
PORTA1
DDA1
PINA1
PORTB1
DDB1
PINB1
PORTC1
DDC1
PINC1
PORTD1
DDD1
PIND1
EERE
PORTA0
DDA0
PINA0
PORTB0
DDB0
PINB0
PORTC0
DDC0
PINC0
PORTD0
DDD0
PIND0
SPR1
SPR0
RXB8
TXB8
ACIS1
ACIS0
page 44
page 44
page 44
page 44
page 63
page 63
page 63
page 65
page 65
page 65
page 70
page 71
page 71
page 73
page 73
page 73
page 51
page 50
page 49
page 55
page 55
page 56
page 58
page 59
1. For compatibility with future devices, reserved bits should be written to zero if accessed. Reserved I/O memory addresses
should never be written.
2. Some of the status flags are cleared by writing a logical “1” to them. Note that the CBI and SBI instructions will operate on all
bits in the I/O register, writing a one back into any flag read as set, thus clearing the flag. The CBI and SBI instructions work
with registers $00 to $1F only.
105
0841G–09/01
Instruction Set Summary
Mnemonic
Operands
Description
ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC INSTRUCTIONS
ADD
Rd, Rr
Add Two Registers
ADC
Rd, Rr
Add with Carry Two Registers
ADIW
Rdl, K
Add Immediate to Word
SUB
Rd, Rr
Subtract Two Registers
SUBI
Rd, K
Subtract Constant from Register
SBC
Rd, Rr
Subtract with Carry Two Registers
SBCI
Rd, K
Subtract with Carry Constant from Reg.
SBIW
Rdl, K
Subtract Immediate from Word
AND
Rd, Rr
Logical AND Registers
ANDI
Rd, K
Logical AND Register and Constant
OR
Rd, Rr
Logical OR Registers
ORI
Rd, K
Logical OR Register and Constant
EOR
Rd, Rr
Exclusive OR Registers
COM
Rd
One’s Complement
NEG
Rd
Two’s Complement
SBR
Rd, K
Set Bit(s) in Register
CBR
Rd, K
Clear Bit(s) in Register
INC
Rd
Increment
DEC
Rd
Decrement
TST
Rd
Test for Zero or Minus
CLR
Rd
Clear Register
SER
Rd
Set Register
BRANCH INSTRUCTIONS
RJMP
k
Relative Jump
IJMP
Indirect Jump to (Z)
RCALL
k
Relative Subroutine Call
ICALL
Indirect Call to (Z)
RET
Subroutine Return
RETI
Interrupt Return
CPSE
Rd, Rr
Compare, Skip if Equal
CP
Rd, Rr
Compare
CPC
Rd, Rr
Compare with Carry
CPI
Rd, K
Compare Register with Immediate
SBRC
Rr, b
Skip if Bit in Register Cleared
SBRS
Rr, b
Skip if Bit in Register is Set
SBIC
P, b
Skip if Bit in I/O Register Cleared
SBIS
P, b
Skip if Bit in I/O Register is Set
BRBS
s, k
Branch if Status Flag Set
BRBC
s, k
Branch if Status Flag Cleared
BREQ
k
Branch if Equal
BRNE
k
Branch if Not Equal
BRCS
k
Branch if Carry Set
BRCC
k
Branch if Carry Cleared
BRSH
k
Branch if Same or Higher
BRLO
k
Branch if Lower
BRMI
k
Branch if Minus
BRPL
k
Branch if Plus
BRGE
k
Branch if Greater or Equal, Signed
BRLT
k
Branch if Less Than Zero, Signed
BRHS
k
Branch if Half-carry Flag Set
BRHC
k
Branch if Half-carry Flag Cleared
BRTS
k
Branch if T-flag Set
BRTC
k
Branch if T-flag Cleared
BRVS
k
Branch if Overflow Flag is Set
BRVC
k
Branch if Overflow Flag is Cleared
BRIE
k
Branch if Interrupt Enabled
BRID
k
Branch if Interrupt Disabled
106
Operation
Flags
# Clocks
Rd ← Rd + Rr
Rd ← Rd + Rr + C
Rdh:Rdl ← Rdh:Rdl + K
Rd ← Rd - Rr
Rd ← Rd - K
Rd ← Rd - Rr - C
Rd ← Rd - K - C
Rdh:Rdl ← Rdh:Rdl - K
Rd ←=Rd • Rr
Rd ← Rd •=K
Rd ← Rd v Rr
Rd ←=Rd v K
Rd ← Rd ⊕ Rr
Rd ← $FF - Rd
Rd ← $00 - Rd
Rd ← Rd v K
Rd ← Rd • ($FF - K)
Rd ← Rd + 1
Rd ← Rd - 1
Rd ← Rd • Rd
Rd ← Rd ⊕ Rd
Rd ← $FF
Z,C,N,V,H
Z,C,N,V,H
Z,C,N,V,S
Z,C,N,V,H
Z,C,N,V,H
Z,C,N,V,H
Z,C,N,V,H
Z,C,N,V,S
Z,N,V
Z,N,V
Z,N,V
Z,N,V
Z,N,V
Z,C,N,V
Z,C,N,V,H
Z,N,V
Z,N,V
Z,N,V
Z,N,V
Z,N,V
Z,N,V
None
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
PC=← PC + k + 1
PC ← Z
PC ← PC + k + 1
PC ← Z
PC ← STACK
PC ← STACK
if (Rd = Rr) PC=← PC + 2 or 3
Rd - Rr
Rd - Rr - C
Rd - K
if (Rr(b) = 0) PC ← PC + 2 or 3
if (Rr(b) = 1) PC ← PC + 2 or 3
if (P(b) = 0) PC ← PC + 2 or 3
if (P(b) = 1) PC ← PC + 2 or 3
if (SREG(s) = 1) then PC ←=PC + k + 1
if (SREG(s) = 0) then PC ←=PC + k + 1
if (Z = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1
if (Z = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1
if (C = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1
if (C = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1
if (C = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1
if (C = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1
if (N = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1
if (N = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1
if (N ⊕ V = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1
if (N ⊕ V = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1
if (H = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1
if (H = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1
if (T = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1
if (T = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1
if (V = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1
if (V = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1
if (I = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1
if (I = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1
None
None
None
None
None
I
None
Z,N,V,C,H
Z,N,V,C,H
Z,N,V,C,H
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
2
2
3
3
4
4
1/2/3
1
1
1
1/2/3
1/2/3
1/2/3
1/2/3
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
AT90S8515
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515
Instruction Set Summary (Continued)
Mnemonic
Operands
DATA TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS
MOV
Rd, Rr
LDI
Rd, K
LD
Rd, X
LD
Rd, X+
LD
Rd, -X
LD
Rd, Y
LD
Rd, Y+
LD
Rd, -Y
LDD
Rd, Y+q
LD
Rd, Z
LD
Rd, Z+
LD
Rd, -Z
LDD
Rd, Z+q
LDS
Rd, k
ST
X, Rr
ST
X+, Rr
ST
-X, Rr
ST
Y, Rr
ST
Y+, Rr
ST
-Y, Rr
STD
Y+q, Rr
ST
Z, Rr
ST
Z+, Rr
ST
-Z, Rr
STD
Z+q, Rr
STS
k, Rr
LPM
IN
Rd, P
OUT
P, Rr
PUSH
Rr
POP
Rd
BIT AND BIT-TEST INSTRUCTIONS
SBI
P, b
CBI
P, b
LSL
Rd
LSR
Rd
ROL
Rd
ROR
Rd
ASR
Rd
SWAP
Rd
BSET
s
BCLR
s
BST
Rr, b
BLD
Rd, b
SEC
CLC
SEN
CLN
SEZ
CLZ
SEI
CLI
SES
CLS
SEV
CLV
SET
CLT
SEH
CLH
NOP
SLEEP
WDR
Description
Operation
Flags
# Clocks
Move between Registers
Load Immediate
Load Indirect
Load Indirect and Post-inc.
Load Indirect and Pre-dec.
Load Indirect
Load Indirect and Post-inc.
Load Indirect and Pre-dec.
Load Indirect with Displacement
Load Indirect
Load Indirect and Post-inc.
Load Indirect and Pre-dec.
Load Indirect with Displacement
Load Direct from SRAM
Store Indirect
Store Indirect and Post-inc.
Store Indirect and Pre-dec.
Store Indirect
Store Indirect and Post-inc.
Store Indirect and Pre-dec.
Store Indirect with Displacement
Store Indirect
Store Indirect and Post-inc.
Store Indirect and Pre-dec.
Store Indirect with Displacement
Store Direct to SRAM
Load Program Memory
In Port
Out Port
Push Register on Stack
Pop Register from Stack
Rd ← Rr
Rd ← K
Rd ← (X)
Rd ← (X), X ← X + 1
X ← X - 1, Rd ← (X)
Rd ← (Y)
Rd ← (Y), Y ← Y + 1
Y ← Y - 1, Rd ← (Y)
Rd ← (Y + q)
Rd ← (Z)
Rd ← (Z), Z ← Z + 1
Z ← Z - 1, Rd ← (Z)
Rd ← (Z + q)
Rd ← (k)
(X)=← Rr
(X)=← Rr, X ← X + 1
X ← X - 1, (X) ← Rr
(Y) ← Rr
(Y) ← Rr, Y ← Y + 1
Y ← Y - 1, (Y) ← Rr
(Y + q) ← Rr
(Z) ← Rr
(Z) ← Rr, Z ← Z + 1
Z ← Z - 1, (Z) ← Rr
(Z + q) ← Rr
(k) ← Rr
R0 ← (Z)
Rd ← P
P ← Rr
STACK ← Rr
Rd ← STACK
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
1
1
2
2
Set Bit in I/O Register
Clear Bit in I/O Register
Logical Shift Left
Logical Shift Right
Rotate Left through Carry
Rotate Right through Carry
Arithmetic Shift Right
Swap Nibbles
Flag Set
Flag Clear
Bit Store from Register to T
Bit Load from T to Register
Set Carry
Clear Carry
Set Negative Flag
Clear Negative Flag
Set Zero Flag
Clear Zero Flag
Global Interrupt Enable
Global Interrupt Disable
Set Signed Test Flag
Clear Signed Test Flag
Set Two’s Complement Overflow
Clear Two’s Complement Overflow
Set T in SREG
Clear T in SREG
Set Half-carry Flag in SREG
Clear Half-carry Flag in SREG
No Operation
Sleep
Watchdog Reset
I/O(P,b) ← 1
I/O(P,b) ← 0
Rd(n+1) ← Rd(n), Rd(0) ← 0
Rd(n) ← Rd(n+1), Rd(7) ← 0
Rd(0) ←=C, Rd(n+1) ← Rd(n), C ←=Rd(7)
Rd(7) ←=C, Rd(n) ← Rd(n+1), C ←=Rd(0)
Rd(n) ← Rd(n+1), n = 0..6
Rd(3..0) ←=Rd(7..4), Rd(7..4) ←=Rd(3..0)
SREG(s) ← 1
SREG(s) ← 0
T ← Rr(b)
Rd(b) ← T
C←1
C←0
N←1
N←0
Z←1
Z←0
I←1
I=← 0
S←1
S←0
V←1
V←0
T←1
T←0
H←1
H←0
None
None
Z,C,N,V
Z,C,N,V
Z,C,N,V
Z,C,N,V
Z,C,N,V
None
SREG(s)
SREG(s)
T
None
C
C
N
N
Z
Z
I
I
S
S
V
V
T
T
H
H
None
None
None
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(see specific descr. for Sleep function)
(see specific descr. for WDR/timer)
107
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515 Ordering Information
Speed (MHz)
Power Supply
Ordering Code
Package
4
2.7V - 6.0V
AT90S8515-4AC
AT90S8515-4JC
AT90S8515-4PC
44A
44J
40P6
Commercial
(0°C to 70°C)
AT90S8515-4AI
AT90S8515-4JI
AT90S8515-4PI
44A
44J
40P6
Industrial
(-40°C to 85°C)
AT90S8515-8AC
AT90S8515-8JC
AT90S8515-8PC
44A
44J
40P6
Commercial
(0°C to 70°C)
AT90S8515-8AI
AT90S8515-8JI
AT90S8515-8PI
44A
44J
40P6
Industrial
(-40°C to 85°C)
8
Note:
4.0V - 6.0V
Operation Range
Order AT90S8515A-XXX for devices with the FSTRT Fuse programmed.
Package Type
44A
44-lead, Thin (1.0 mm) Plastic Gull Wing Quad Flat Package (TQFP)
44J
44-lead, Plastic J-leaded Chip Carrier (PLCC)
40P6
40-lead, 0.600" Wide, Plastic Dual Inline Package (PDIP)
108
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AT90S8515
Packaging Information
44A
44-lead, Thin (1.0mm) Plastic Quad Flat Package
(TQFP), 10x10mm body, 2.0mm footprint, 0.8mm pitch.
Dimension in Millimeters and (Inches)*
JEDEC STANDARD MS-026 ACB
12.25(0.482)
SQ
11.75(0.462)
PIN 1 ID
PIN 1
0.45(0.018)
0.30(0.012)
0.80(0.0315) BSC
10.10(0.394)
SQ
9.90(0.386)
1.20(0.047) MAX
0.20(0.008)
0.09(0.004)
0˚~7˚
0.75(0.030)
0.45(0.018)
0.15(0.006)
0.05(0.002)
*Controlling dimension: millimetter
REV. A
04/11/2001
109
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44J
44J, 44-lead, Plastic J-leaded Chip Carrier (PLCC)
Dimensions in Milimeters and (Inches)*
JEDEC STANDARD MS-018 AC
1.14(0.045) X 45˚
0.813(0.032)
0.660(0.026)
PIN NO. 1
IDENTIFY
1.14(0.045) X 45˚
16.70(0.656)
SQ
16.50(0.650)
17.70(0.695)
SQ
17.40(0.685)
1.27(0.050) TYP
12.70(0.500) REF SQ
0.318(0.0125)
0.191(0.0075)
16.00(0.630)
SQ
15.00(0.590)
0.533(0.021)
0.330(0.013)
0.50(0.020)MIN
2.11(0.083)
1.57(0.062)
3.05(0.120)
2.29(0.090)
4.57(0.180)
4.19(0.165)
0.51(0.020)MAX 45˚ MAX (3X)
*Controlling dimensions: Inches
REV. A
110
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AT90S8515
0841G–09/01
AT90S8515
40P6
40-lead, Plastic Dual Inline
Parkage (PDIP), 0.600" wide
Demension in Millimeters and (Inches)*
JEDEC STANDARD MS-011 AC
52.71(2.075)
51.94(2.045)
PIN
1
13.97(0.550)
13.46(0.530)
48.26(1.900) REF
4.83(0.190)MAX
SEATING
PLANE
0.38(0.015)MIN
3.56(0.140)
3.05(0.120)
2.54(0.100)BSC
1.65(0.065)
1.27(0.050)
0.56(0.022)
0.38(0.015)
15.88(0.625)
15.24(0.600)
0º ~ 15º REF
0.38(0.015)
0.20(0.008)
17.78(0.700)MAX
*Controlling dimension: Inches
REV. A
04/11/2001
111
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0841G–09/01/xM