AD AD9883A/PCB 110 msps/140 msps analog interface for flat panel display Datasheet

a
110 MSPS/140 MSPS Analog Interface
for Flat Panel Displays
AD9883A
FEATURES
Industrial Temperature Range Operation
140 MSPS Maximum Conversion Rate
300 MHz Analog Bandwidth
0.5 V to 1.0 V Analog Input Range
500 ps p-p PLL Clock Jitter at 110 MSPS
3.3 V Power Supply
Full Sync Processing
Sync Detect for Hot Plugging
Midscale Clamping
Power-Down Mode
Low Power: 500 mW Typical
4:2:2 Output Format Mode
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
RAIN
CLAMP
A/D
GAIN
CLAMP
A/D
BAIN
CLAMP
A/D
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The AD9883A is a complete 8-bit, 140 MSPS, monolithic analog
interface optimized for capturing RGB graphics signals from
personal computers and workstations. Its 140 MSPS encode
rate capability and full power analog bandwidth of 300 MHz
supports resolutions up to SXGA (1280 × 1024 at 75 Hz).
The AD9883A includes a 140 MHz triple ADC with internal
1.25 V reference, a PLL, and programmable gain, offset, and
clamp control. The user provides only a 3.3 V power supply,
analog input, and Hsync and COAST signals. Three-state
CMOS outputs may be powered from 2.5 V to 3.3 V.
The AD9883A’s on-chip PLL generates a pixel clock from the
Hsync input. Pixel clock output frequencies range from 12 MHz to
8
8
ROUTA
GOUTA
BOUTA
MIDSCV
HSYNC
COAST
APPLICATIONS
RGB Graphics Processing
LCD Monitors and Projectors
Plasma Display Panels
Scan Converters
Microdisplays
Digital TV
8
CLAMP
DTACK
SYNC
PROCESSING
AND CLOCK
GENERATION
HSOUT
VSOUT
SOGOUT
FILT
REF
SCL
SDA
A0
SERIAL REGISTER
AND
POWER MANAGEMENT
REF
BYPASS
AD9883A
140 MHz. PLL clock jitter is 500 ps p-p typical at 140 MSPS.
When the COAST signal is presented, the PLL maintains its
output frequency in the absence of Hsync. A sampling phase
adjustment is provided. Data, Hsync, and clock output phase
relationships are maintained. The AD9883A also offers full sync
processing for composite sync and sync-on-green applications.
A clamp signal is generated internally or may be provided by
the user through the CLAMP input pin. This interface is fully
programmable via a 2-wire serial interface.
Fabricated in an advanced CMOS process, the AD9883A is provided in a space-saving 80-lead LQFP surface-mount plastic package
and is specified over the –40°C to +85°C temperature range.
REV. B
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its
use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that
may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise
under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and
registered trademarks are the property of their respective companies.
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.
Tel: 781/329-4700
www.analog.com
Fax: 781/326-8703
© 2003 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
AD9883A–SPECIFICATIONS
Analog Interface
(VD = 3.3 V, VDD = 3.3 V, ADC Clock = Maximum Conversion Rate, unless otherwise noted.)
Parameter
Test
Temp Level
Min
RESOLUTION
DC ACCURACY
Differential Nonlinearity
25°C
Full
25°C
Full
Full
I
VI
I
VI
VI
Full
Full
25°C
25°C
Full
Full
Full
Full
VI
VI
V
IV
IV
VI
VI
VI
Full
Full
VI
V
1.20
VI
IV
IV
VI
VI
VI
VI
VI
VI
VI
VI
IV
VI
IV
IV
IV
IV
110
Sampling Phase Tempco
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
25°C
Full
Full
DIGITAL INPUTS
Input Voltage, High (VIH)
Input Voltage, Low (VIL)
Input Voltage, High (VIH)
Input Voltage, Low (VIL)
Input Capacitance
Full
Full
Full
Full
25°C
VI
VI
V
V
V
Integral Nonlinearity
No Missing Codes
ANALOG INPUT
Input Voltage Range
Minimum
Maximum
Gain Tempco
Input Bias Current
Input Offset Voltage
Input Full-Scale Matching
Offset Adjustment Range
REFERENCE OUTPUT
Output Voltage
Temperature Coefficient
SWITCHING PERFORMANCE
Maximum Conversion Rate
Minimum Conversion Rate
Data to Clock Skew
tBUFF
tSTAH
tDHO
tDAL
tDAH
tDSU
tSTASU
tSTOSU
HSYNC Input Frequency
Maximum PLL Clock Rate
Minimum PLL Clock Rate
PLL Jitter
AD9883AKST-110
Typ
Max
Min
AD9883AKST-140
Typ
Max
8
8
Bits
± 0.5
± 0.5
LSB
LSB
LSB
LSB
+1.25/–1.0
+1.35/–1.0
± 0.5
± 1.85
± 2.0
Guaranteed
+1.35/–1.0
+1.45/–1.0
± 0.5
± 2.0
± 2.3
Guaranteed
0.5
1.0
0.5
1.0
100
46
Unit
7
1.5
49
1.25
± 50
100
1
1
50
6.0
52
46
1.32
1.20
7
1.5
49
1.25
± 50
1
1
70
8.0
52
1.32
140
10
+2.0
–0.5
4.7
4.0
0
4.7
4.0
250
4.7
4.0
15
110
110
400
10
+2.0
–0.5
4.7
4.0
0
4.7
4.0
250
4.7
4.0
15
140
12
7001
10001
110
400
15
12
7001
10001
15
2.5
2.5
0.8
–1.0
+1.0
3
0.8
–1.0
+1.0
3
–2–
V p-p
V p-p
ppm/°C
µA
µA
mV
% FS
% FS
V
ppm/°C
MSPS
MSPS
ns
µs
µs
µs
µs
µs
ns
µs
µs
kHz
MHz
MHz
ps p-p
ps p-p
ps/°C
V
V
µA
µA
pF
REV. B
AD9883A
Parameter
DIGITAL OUTPUTS
Output Voltage, High (VOH)
Output Voltage, Low (VOL)
Duty Cycle DATACK
Output Coding
POWER SUPPLY
VD Supply Voltage
VDD Supply Voltage
PVD Supply Voltage
ID Supply Current (VD)
IDD Supply Current (VDD)2
IPVD Supply Current (PVD)
Total Power Dissipation
Power-Down Supply Current
Power-Down Dissipation
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE
Analog Bandwidth, Full Power
Transient Response
Overvoltage Recovery Time
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
(Without Harmonics)
fIN = 40.7 MHz
Crosstalk
Test
Temp Level
Min
AD9883AKST-110
Typ
Max
VD – 0.1
Unit
VI
VI
IV
Full
Full
Full
25°C
25°C
25°C
Full
Full
Full
IV
IV
IV
V
V
V
VI
VI
VI
25°C
25°C
25°C
25°C
Full
V
V
V
V
V
300
2
1.5
44
43
300
2
1.5
43
42
MHz
ns
ns
dB
dB
Full
V
55
55
dBc
V
16
16
°C/W
V
35
35
°C/W
45
50
Binary
3.0
2.2
3.0
3.3
3.3
3.3
132
19
8
525
5
16.5
NOTES
1
VCO Range = 10, Charge Pump Current = 110, PLL Divider = 1693.
2
DATACK Load = 15 pF, Data Load = 5 pF.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
REV. B
AD9883AKST-140
Typ
Max
Full
Full
Full
THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS
θJC Junction-to-Case
Thermal Resistance
θJA Junction-to-Ambient
Thermal Resistance
VD – 0.1
Min
–3–
0.1
55
45
50
Binary
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.15
2.2
3.0
3.3
3.3
3.3
180
26
11
650
5
16.5
650
10
33
0.1
55
3.6
3.6
3.6
800
10
33
V
V
%
V
V
V
mA
mA
mA
mW
mA
mW
AD9883A
Analog Interface
(VD = 3.3 V, VDD = 3.3 V, ADC Clock = Maximum Conversion Rate, unless otherwise noted.)
Parameter
Test
Temp Level
Min
AD9883ABST–110
Typ
Max
RESOLUTION
DC ACCURACY
Differential Nonlinearity
Integral Nonlinearity
ANALOG INPUT
Input Voltage Range
Minimum
Maximum
Gain Tempco
Input Bias Current
Input Offset Voltage
Input Full-Scale Matching
Offset Adjustment Range
REFERENCE OUTPUT
Output Voltage
Temperature Coefficient
SWITCHING PERFORMANCE
Maximum Conversion Rate
Minimum Conversion Rate
Data to Clock Skew
tBUFF
tSTAH
tDHO
tDAL
tDAH
tDSU
tSTASU
tSTOSU
HSYNC Input Frequency
Maximum PLL Clock Rate
Minimum PLL Clock Rate
PLL Jitter
Sampling Phase Tempco
DIGITAL INPUTS
Input Voltage, High (VIH)
Input Voltage, Low (VIL)
Input Current, High (IIH)
Input Current, Low (IIL)
Input Capacitance
DIGITAL OUTPUTS
Output Voltage, High (VOH)
Output Voltage, Low (VOL)
Duty Cycle, DATACK
Output Coding
Min
AD9883ABST–140
Typ
Max
8
8
± 0.5
25°C
Full
25°C
Full
I
VI
I
VI
Full
Full
25°C
25°C
Full
Full
Full
Full
VI
VI
V
IV
IV
VI
VI
VI
Full
Full
VI
V
1.19
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
25°C
Full
Full
VI
IV
IV
VI
VI
VI
VI
VI
VI
VI
VI
IV
VI
IV
IV
IV
IV
110
Full
Full
Full
Full
+25°C
VI
VI
V
V
V
2.5
Full
Full
Full
VI
VI
IV
VD – 0.1
± 0.5
± 0.5
+1.25/–1.0
+1.5/–1.0
± 1.85
± 3.2
± 0.5
0.5
1.0
46
7
1.5
49
1.25
± 100
+1.5/–1.0
+1.81/–1.0
± 1.85
± 3.2
LSB
LSB
LSB
LSB
0.5
V p-p
V p-p
ppm/°C
µA
µA
mV
% FS
% FS
100
1
2
75
8.0
52
46
1.33
1.19
7
1.5
49
1.25
± 100
1
2
75
10.0
52
1.33
140
10
+2.0
–0.5
4.7
4.0
0
4.7
4.0
250
4.7
4.0
15
110
110
400
10
+2.0
–0.5
4.7
4.0
0
4.7
4.0
250
4.7
4.0
15
140
12
7001
11001
110
400
15
12
7001
11001
15
2.5
0.8
–1.0
1.0
0.8
–1.0
1.0
3
45
Bits
1.0
100
3
VD – 0.1
50
Binary
–4–
0.1
55
45
50
Binary
Unit
0.1
55
V
ppm/°C
MSPS
MSPS
ns
µs
µs
µs
µs
µs
µs
µs
µs
kHz
MHz
MHz
ps p-p
ps p-p
ps/°C
V
V
µA
µA
pF
V
V
%
REV. B
AD9883A
Parameter
Test
Temp Level
POWER SUPPLY
VD Supply Voltage
VDD Supply Voltage
PVD Supply Voltage
ID Supply Current (VD)
IDD Supply Current (VDD)2
IPVD Supply Current (PVD)
Total Power Dissipation
Power-Down Supply Current
Power-Down Dissipation
Full
Full
Full
25°C
25°C
25°C
Full
Full
Full
IV
IV
IV
V
V
V
VI
VI
VI
25°C
25°C
25°C
25°C
Full
V
V
V
V
V
300
2
1.5
44
43
300
2
1.5
43
42
MHz
ns
ns
dB
dB
Full
V
55
55
dBc
16
16
35
35
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE
Analog Bandwidth, Full Power
Transient Response
Overvoltage Recovery Time
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
(Without Harmonics)
fIN = 40.7 MHz
Crosstalk
Min
3.0
2.2
3.0
THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS
θJC Junction-to-Case
Thermal Resistance
V
θJA Junction-to-Ambient
Thermal Resistance
V
AD9883ABST–110
Typ
Max
3.3
3.3
3.3
132
19
8
525
5
16.5
700
15
33
3.0
2.2
3.0
AD9883ABST–140
Typ
Max
3.3
3.3
3.3
163
24
10
650
5
16.5
3.6
3.6
3.6
850
15
33
Unit
V
V
V
mA
mA
mA
mW
mA
mW
°C/W
°C/W
NOTES
1
VCO Range = 10, Charge Pump Current = 110, PLL Divider = 1693.
2
DATACK Load = 15 pF, Data Load = 5 pF.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
REV. B
3.6
3.6
3.6
Min
–5–
AD9883A
EXPLANATION OF TEST LEVELS
Test Level
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*
VD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 V
VDD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 V
Analog Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VD to 0.0 V
VREF IN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VD to 0.0 V
Digital Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 V to 0.0 V
Digital Output Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 mA
Operating Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –40°C to +85°C
Storage Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to +150°C
Maximum Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150°C
Maximum Case Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150°C
I. 100% production tested.
II. 100% production tested at 25°C and sample tested at
specified temperatures.
III. Sample tested only.
IV. Parameter is guaranteed by design and characterization testing.
V. Parameter is a typical value only.
VI. 100% production tested at 25°C; guaranteed by design and
characterization testing.
*Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the
device at these or any other conditions outside of those indicated in the operation
sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings
for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ORDERING GUIDE
Model
Temperature
Range
Package
Description
Package
Option
AD9883AKST-140
AD9883AKST-110
AD9883AKSTZ-110*
AD9883AKSTZ-140*
AD9883ABST-110
AD9883ABST-140
AD9883ABST-RL110
AD9883ABST-RL140
AD9883A/PCB
0°C to 70°C
0°C to 70°C
0°C to 70°C
0°C to 70°C
–40°C to +85°C
–40°C to +85°C
–40°C to +85°C
–40°C to +85°C
25°C
LQFP
LQFP
LQFP
LQFP
LQFP
LQFP
LQFP
LQFP
Evaluation Board
ST-80
ST-80
ST-80
ST-80
ST-80
ST-80
ST-80
ST-80
*Lead-free product
CAUTION
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily
accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although
the AD9883A features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on
devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are
recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.
–6–
WARNING!
ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE
REV. B
AD9883A
VD
GND
VSOUT
GND
HSOUT
SOGOUT
VDD
GND
DATACK
RED <7>
RED <5>
RED <6>
RED <3>
RED <4>
RED <1>
RED <2>
VDD
VDD
RED <0>
GND
PIN CONFIGURATION
80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61
GND
GREEN <7>
GREEN <6>
1
3
59 V
D
58 REF BYPASS
GREEN <5>
4
57 SDA
GREEN <4>
GREEN <3>
5
56 SCL
6
55 A0
GREEN <2>
GREEN <1>
7
8
54 R
AIN
53 GND
GREEN <0>
9
60 GND
PIN 1
IDENTIFIER
2
52 V
D
51 V
D
50 GND
AD9883A
GND 10
VDD 11
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale)
BLUE <7> 12
BLUE <6> 13
49 SOGIN
48 G
AIN
47 GND
BLUE <5> 14
BLUE <4> 15
BLUE <3> 16
46 V
D
45 V
D
44 GND
BLUE <2> 17
BLUE <1> 18
BLUE <0> 19
43 B
AIN
42 V
D
41 GND
GND 20
GND
CLAMP
VD
MIDSCV
PVD
GND
PVD
FILT
GND
VSYNC
COAST
HSYNC
PVD
GND
PVD
GND
VDD
GND
VDD
GND
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Table I. Complete Pinout List
Pin Type
Mnemonic
Function
Value
Pin No.
Inputs
RAIN
GAIN
BAIN
HSYNC
VSYNC
SOGIN
CLAMP
COAST
Analog Input for Converter R
Analog Input for Converter G
Analog Input for Converter B
Horizontal SYNC Input
Vertical SYNC Input
Input for Sync-on-Green
Clamp Input (External CLAMP Signal)
PLL COAST Signal Input
0.0 V to 1.0 V
0.0 V to 1.0 V
0.0 V to 1.0 V
3.3 V CMOS
3.3 V CMOS
0.0 V to 1.0 V
3.3 V CMOS
3.3 V CMOS
54
48
43
30
31
49
38
29
Outputs
Red [7:0]
Green [7:0]
Blue [7:0]
DATACK
HSOUT
VSOUT
SOGOUT
Outputs of Converter Red, Bit 7 is the MSB
Outputs of Converter Green, Bit 7 is the MSB
Outputs of Converter Blue, Bit 7 is the MSB
Data Output Clock
HSYNC Output (Phase-Aligned with DATACK)
VSYNC Output (Phase-Aligned with DATACK)
Sync-on-Green Slicer Output
3.3 V CMOS
3.3 V CMOS
3.3 V CMOS
3.3 V CMOS
3.3 V CMOS
3.3 V CMOS
3.3 V CMOS
70–77
2–9
12–19
67
66
64
65
References
REF BYPASS
MIDSCV
FILT
Internal Reference Bypass
1.25 V
Internal Midscale Voltage Bypass
Connection for External Filter Components for Internal PLL
58
37
33
Power Supply
VD
Analog Power Supply
3.3 V
VDD
Output Power Supply
3.3 V
PVD
GND
PLL Power Supply
Ground
3.3 V
0V
39, 42,
45, 46, 51, 52,
59, 62
11, 22, 23, 69,
78, 79
26, 27, 34, 35
1, 10, 20, 21,
24, 25, 28, 32,
36, 40, 41, 44,
47, 50, 53, 60,
61, 63, 68, 80
SDA
SCL
A0
Serial Port Data I/O
Serial Port Data Clock (100 kHz Maximum)
Serial Port Address Input 1
3.3 V CMOS
3.3 V CMOS
3.3 V CMOS
Control
REV. B
–7–
57
56
55
AD9883A
PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
Pin Name
OUTPUTS
HSOUT
Function
Horizontal Sync Output
A reconstructed and phase-aligned version of the Hsync input. Both the polarity and duration of this output can be programmed via serial bus registers. By maintaining alignment with DATACK and Data, data timing with respect to
horizontal sync can always be determined.
VSOUT
Vertical Sync Output
A reconstructed and phase-aligned version of the video Vsync. The polarity of this output can be controlled via a serial
bus bit. The placement and duration in all modes is set by the graphics transmitter.
SOGOUT
Sync-On-Green Slicer Output
This pin outputs either the signal from the Sync-on-Green slicer comparator or an unprocessed but delayed version of the
Hsync input. See the Sync Processing Block Diagram (Figure 12) to view how this pin is connected. (Note: Besides
slicing off SOG, the output from this pin gets no other additional processing on the AD9883A. Vsync separation is performed
via the sync separator.)
SERIAL PORT (2-Wire)
SDA
Serial Port Data I/O
SCL
Serial Port Data Clock
A0
Serial Port Address Input 1
For a full description of the 2-wire serial register and how it works, refer to the 2-Wire Serial Control Port section.
DATA OUTPUTS
RED
Data Output, Red Channel
GREEN
Data Output, Green Channel
BLUE
Data Output, Blue Channel
The main data outputs. Bit 7 is the MSB. The delay from pixel sampling time to output is fixed. When the sampling time is
changed by adjusting the PHASE register, the output timing is shifted as well. The DATACK and HSOUT outputs are also
moved, so the timing relationship among the signals is maintained. For exact timing information, refer to Figures 7, 8, and 9.
DATA CLOCK OUTPUT
DATACK
Data Output Clock
This is the main clock output signal used to strobe the output data and HSOUT into external logic. It is produced by the
internal clock generator and is synchronous with the internal pixel sampling clock. When the sampling time is changed
by adjusting the PHASE register, the output timing is shifted as well. The Data, DATACK, and HSOUT outputs are all
moved, so the timing relationship among the signals is maintained.
INPUTS
RAIN
GAIN
BAIN
Analog Input for Red Channel
Analog Input for Green Channel
Analog Input for Blue Channel
High impedance inputs that accept the Red, Green, and Blue channel graphics signals, respectively. (The three channels
are identical, and can be used for any colors, but colors are assigned for convenient reference.) They accommodate input
signals ranging from 0.5 V to 1.0 V full scale. Signals should be ac-coupled to these pins to support clamp operation.
HSYNC
Horizontal Sync Input
This input receives a logic signal that establishes the horizontal timing reference and provides the frequency reference
for pixel clock generation. The logic sense of this pin is controlled by serial register 0EH Bit 6 (Hsync Polarity). Only
the leading edge of Hsync is active; the trailing edge is ignored. When Hsync Polarity = 0, the falling edge of Hsync is used.
When Hsync Polarity = 1, the rising edge is active. The input includes a Schmitt trigger for noise immunity, with a nominal
input threshold of 1.5 V.
VSYNC
Vertical Sync Input
This is the input for vertical sync.
SOGIN
Sync-on-Green Input
This input is provided to assist with processing signals with embedded sync, typically on the Green channel. The pin is
connected to a high speed comparator with an internally generated threshold. The threshold level can be programmed in
10 mV steps to any voltage between 10 mV and 330 mV above the negative peak of the input signal. The default voltage
threshold is 150 mV. When connected to an ac-coupled graphics signal with embedded sync, it will produce a noninverting
digital output on SOGOUT. (This is usually a composite sync signal, containing both vertical and horizontal sync information
that must be separated before passing the horizontal sync signal to Hsync.) When not used, this input should be left
unconnected. For more details on this function and how it should be configured, refer to the Sync-on-Green section.
–8–
REV. B
AD9883A
PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS (continued)
Pin Name
Function
CLAMP
External Clamp Input
This logic input may be used to define the time during which the input signal is clamped to ground. It should be exercised when the reference dc level is known to be present on the analog input channels, typically during the back porch of
the graphics signal. The CLAMP pin is enabled by setting control bit Clamp Function to 1, (register 0FH, Bit 7, default is 0).
When disabled, this pin is ignored and the clamp timing is determined internally by counting a delay and duration from
the trailing edge of the Hsync input. The logic sense of this pin is controlled by Clamp Polarity register 0FH, Bit 6. When not
used, this pin must be grounded and Clamp Function programmed to 0.
COAST
Clock Generator Coast Input (Optional)
This input may be used to cause the pixel clock generator to stop synchronizing with Hsync and continue producing a clock at
its current frequency and phase. This is useful when processing signals from sources that fail to produce horizontal sync
pulses during the vertical interval. The COAST signal is generally not required for PC-generated signals. The logic sense
of this pin is controlled by Coast Polarity (register 0FH, Bit 3). When not used, this pin may be grounded and Coast
Polarity programmed to 1, or tied HIGH (to V D through a 10 kΩ resistor) and Coast Polarity programmed to 0. Coast
Polarity defaults to 1 at power-up.
REF BYPASS Internal Reference BYPASS
Bypass for the internal 1.25 V band gap reference. It should be connected to ground through a 0.1 µF capacitor. The
absolute accuracy of this reference is ± 4%, and the temperature coefficient is ± 50 ppm, which is adequate for most AD9883A
applications. If higher accuracy is required, an external reference may be employed instead.
MIDSCV
Midscale Voltage Reference BYPASS
Bypass for the internal midscale voltage reference. It should be connected to ground through a 0.1 µF capacitor. The
exact voltage varies with the gain setting of the Blue channel.
FILT
External Filter Connection
For proper operation, the pixel clock generator PLL requires an external filter. Connect the filter shown in Figure 6 to
this pin. For optimal performance, minimize noise and parasitics on this node.
POWER SUPPLY
Main Power Supply
VD
These pins supply power to the main elements of the circuit. They should be filtered and as quiet as possible.
VDD
Digital Output Power Supply
A large number of output pins (up to 25) switching at high speed (up to 110 MHz) generates a lot of power supply transients
(noise). These supply pins are identified separately from the V D pins so special care can be taken to minimize output
noise transferred into the sensitive analog circuitry. If the AD9883A is interfacing with lower voltage logic, V DD may be
connected to a lower supply voltage (as low as 2.5 V) for compatibility.
PVD
Clock Generator Power Supply
The most sensitive portion of the AD9883A is the clock generation circuitry. These pins provide power to the clock PLL and
help the user design for optimal performance. The designer should provide quiet, noise-free power to these pins.
GND
Ground
The ground return for all circuitry on-chip. It is recommended that the AD9883A be assembled on a single solid ground
plane, with careful attention given to ground current paths.
DESIGN GUIDE
General Description
The AD9883A is a fully integrated solution for capturing analog
RGB signals and digitizing them for display on flat panel monitors
or projectors. The circuit is ideal for providing a computer interface
for HDTV monitors or as the front end to high performance video
scan converters. Implemented in a high performance CMOS
process, the interface can capture signals with pixel rates up
to 110 MHz.
The AD9883A includes all necessary input buffering, signal dc
restoration (clamping), offset and gain (brightness and contrast)
adjustment, pixel clock generation, sampling phase control, and
output data formatting. All controls are programmable via a 2-wire
serial interface. Full integration of these sensitive analog functions
makes system design straightforward and less sensitive to the
physical and electrical environment.
REV. B
With a typical power dissipation of only 500 mW and an operating
temperature range of 0°C to 70°C, the device requires no special
environmental considerations.
Digital Inputs
All digital inputs on the AD9883A operate to 3.3 V CMOS levels.
However, all digital inputs are 5 V tolerant. Applying 5 V to
them will not cause any damage.
Input Signal Handling
The AD9883A has three high impedance analog input pins
for the Red, Green, and Blue channels. They will accommodate
signals ranging from 0.5 V to 1.0 V p-p.
Signals are typically brought onto the interface board via a
DVI-I connector, a 15-pin D connector, or via BNC connectors.
The AD9883A should be located as close as practical to the input
connector. Signals should be routed via matched-impedance
traces (normally 75 Ω) to the IC input pins.
–9–
AD9883A
At that point the signal should be resistively terminated (75 Ω
to the signal ground return) and capacitively coupled to the
AD9883A inputs through 47 nF capacitors. These capacitors
form part of the dc restoration circuit.
In an ideal world of perfectly matched impedances, the best performance can be obtained with the widest possible signal bandwidth.
The ultrawide bandwidth inputs of the AD9883A (300 MHz)
can track the input signal continuously as it moves from one pixel
level to the next, and digitize the pixel during a long, flat pixel
time. In many systems, however, there are mismatches, reflections,
and noise, which can result in excessive ringing and distortion of
the input waveform. This makes it more difficult to establish a
sampling phase that provides good image quality. It has been
shown that a small inductor in series with the input is effective in
rolling off the input bandwidth slightly and providing a high
quality signal over a wider range of conditions. Using a FairRite #2508051217Z0 High Speed Signal Chip Bead inductor
in the circuit of Figure 1 gives good results in most applications.
47nF
RGB
INPUT
RAIN
GAIN
BAIN
75⍀
Figure 1. Analog Input Interface Circuit
Hsync, Vsync Inputs
The interface also takes a horizontal sync signal, which is used
to generate the pixel clock and clamp timing. This can be either
a sync signal directly from the graphics source, or a preprocessed
TTL or CMOS level signal.
The Hsync input includes a Schmitt trigger buffer for immunity
to noise and signals with long rise times. In typical PC based
graphic systems, the sync signals are simply TTL-level drivers
feeding unshielded wires in the monitor cable. As such, no termination is required.
Serial Control Port
The serial control port is designed for 3.3 V logic. If there are 5 V
drivers on the bus, these pins should be protected with 150 Ω series
resistors placed between the pull-up resistors and the input pins.
Output Signal Handling
The digital outputs are designed and specified to operate from a
3.3 V power supply (VDD). They can also work with a VDD as
low as 2.5 V for compatibility with other 2.5 V logic.
Clamping
RGB Clamping
To properly digitize the incoming signal, the dc offset of the input
must be adjusted to fit the range of the on-board A/D converters.
Most graphics systems produce RGB signals with black at ground
and white at approximately 0.75 V. However, if sync signals
are embedded in the graphics, the sync tip is often at ground
and black is at 300 mV. Then white is at approximately 1.0 V.
Some common RGB line amplifier boxes use emitter-follower
buffers to split signals and increase drive capability. This introduces a 700 mV dc offset to the signal, which must be removed
for proper capture by the AD9883A.
The key to clamping is to identify a portion (time) of the signal
when the graphic system is known to be producing black. An
offset is then introduced which results in the A/D converters
producing a black output (code 00h) when the known black
input is present. The offset then remains in place when other
signal levels are processed, and the entire signal is shifted to eliminate offset errors.
In most PC graphics systems, black is transmitted between
active video lines. With CRT displays, when the electron beam
has completed writing a horizontal line on the screen (at the
right side), the beam is deflected quickly to the left side of the
screen (called horizontal retrace) and a black signal is provided
to prevent the beam from disturbing the image.
In systems with embedded sync, a blacker-than-black signal
(Hsync) is produced briefly to signal the CRT that it is time to
begin a retrace. For obvious reasons, it is important to avoid
clamping on the tip of Hsync. Fortunately, there is virtually
always a period following Hsync, called the back porch, where a
good black reference is provided. This is the time when clamping should be done.
The clamp timing can be established by simply exercising the
CLAMP pin at the appropriate time (with External Clamp = 1).
The polarity of this signal is set by the Clamp Polarity bit.
A simpler method of clamp timing employs the AD9883A internal
clamp timing generator. The Clamp Placement register is programmed with the number of pixel times that should pass after
the trailing edge of HSYNC before clamping starts. A second
register (Clamp Duration) sets the duration of the clamp. These
are both 8-bit values, providing considerable flexibility in clamp
generation. The clamp timing is referenced to the trailing edge
of Hsync because, though Hsync duration can vary widely, the
back porch (black reference) always follows Hsync. A good
starting point for establishing clamping is to set the clamp placement to 09H (providing 9 pixel periods for the graphics signal to
stabilize after sync) and set the clamp duration to 14H (giving
the clamp 20 pixel periods to reestablish the black reference).
Clamping is accomplished by placing an appropriate charge on
the external input coupling capacitor. The value of this capacitor affects the performance of the clamp. If it is too small, there
will be a significant amplitude change during a horizontal line
time (between clamping intervals). If the capacitor is too large,
then it will take excessively long for the clamp to recover from a
large change in incoming signal offset. The recommended value
(47 nF) results in recovering from a step error of 100 mV to
within 1/2 LSB in 10 lines with a clamp duration of 20 pixel
periods on a 60 Hz SXGA signal.
YUV Clamping
YUV graphic signals are slightly different from RGB signals in
that the dc reference level (black level in RGB signals) can be at
the midpoint of the graphics signal rather than at the bottom.
For these signals, it can be necessary to clamp to the midscale
range of the A/D converter range (80H) rather than at the bottom
of the A/D converter range (00H).
Clamping to midscale rather than to ground can be accomplished
by setting the clamp select bits in the serial bus register. Each of
the three converters has its own selection bit so that they can be
clamped to either midscale or ground independently. These
bits are located in register 10H and are Bits 0–2. The midscale
reference voltage that each A/D converter clamps to is provided
on the MIDSCV pin, (Pin 37). This pin should be bypassed to
ground with a 0.1 µF capacitor, (even if midscale clamping is not
required).
–10–
REV. B
AD9883A
Clock Generation
OFFSET = 7FH
A phase locked loop (PLL) is employed to generate the pixel
clock. In this PLL, the Hsync input provides a reference frequency. A voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) generates a much
higher pixel clock frequency. This pixel clock is divided by the
PLL divide value (registers 01H and 02H) and phase compared
with the Hsync input. Any error is used to shift the VCO frequency and maintain lock between the two signals.
OFFSET = 3FH
INPUT RANGE – V
1.0
OFFSET = 00H
0.5
OFFSET = 7FH
OFFSET = 3FH
0.
0
OFFSET = 00H
00H
FFH
GAIN
Figure 2. Gain and Offset Control
Gain and Offset Control
The AD9883A can accommodate input signals with inputs
ranging from 0.5 V to 1.0 V full scale. The full-scale range is set
in three 8-bit registers (Red Gain, Green Gain, and Blue Gain).
Note that increasing the gain setting results in an image with
less contrast.
The stability of this clock is a very important element in providing the clearest and most stable image. During each pixel time,
there is a period during which the signal is slewing from the old
pixel amplitude and settling at its new value. Then there is a
time when the input voltage is stable, before the signal must
slew to a new value (Figure 4). The ratio of the slewing time to
the stable time is a function of the bandwidth of the graphics
DAC and the bandwidth of the transmission system (cable and
termination). It is also a function of the overall pixel rate. Clearly,
if the dynamic characteristics of the system remain fixed, the
slewing and settling time is likewise fixed. This time must be
subtracted from the total pixel period, leaving the stable period.
At higher pixel frequencies, the total cycle time is shorter, and the
stable pixel time becomes shorter as well.
PIXEL CLOCK
The offset control shifts the entire input range, resulting in a
change in image brightness. Three 7-bit registers (Red Offset,
Green Offset, Blue Offset) provide independent settings for
each channel. The offset controls provide a ± 63 LSB adjustment range. This range is connected with the full-scale range, so
if the input range is doubled (from 0.5 V to 1.0 V) then the offset
step size is also doubled (from 2 mV per step to 4 mV per step).
Sync-on-Green
The Sync-on-Green input operates in two steps. First, it sets a
baseline clamp level off of the incoming video signal with a
negative peak detector. Second, it sets the sync trigger level to a
programmable level (typically 150 mV) above the negative peak.
The Sync-on-Green input must be ac-coupled to the Green
analog input through its own capacitor, as shown in Figure 3.
The value of the capacitor must be 1 nF ± 20%. If Sync-on-Green
is not used, this connection is not required. Note that the Syncon-Green signal is always negative polarity.
Figure 4. Pixel Sampling Times
Any jitter in the clock reduces the precision with which the
sampling time can be determined, and must also be subtracted
from the stable pixel time.
Considerable care has been taken in the design of the AD9883A’s
clock generation circuit to minimize jitter. As indicated in
Figure 5, the clock jitter of the AD9883A is less than 5% of the
total pixel time in all operating modes, making the reduction in
the valid sampling time due to jitter negligible.
14
12
PIXEL CLOCK JITTER (p-p) – %
Figure 2 illustrates the interaction of gain and offset controls.
The magnitude of an LSB in offset adjustment is proportional
to the full-scale range, so changing the full-scale range also
changes the offset. The change is minimal if the offset setting is
near midscale. When changing the offset, the full-scale range is
not affected, but the full-scale level is shifted by the same amount
as the zero scale level.
INVALID SAMPLE TIMES
47nF
RAIN
47nF
BAIN
47nF
GAIN
1nF
SOG
Figure 3. Typical Clamp Configuration
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
31.5 36.0 36.0 50.0 56.25
75.0 85.5
FREQUENCY – MHz
110.0
Figure 5. Pixel Clock Jitter vs. Frequency
REV. B
–11–
AD9883A
The PLL characteristics are determined by the loop filter design, by
the PLL Charge Pump Current, and by the VCO range setting.
The loop filter design is illustrated in Figure 6. Recommended
settings of VCO range and charge pump current for VESA
standard display modes are listed in Table V.
4. The 5-Bit Phase Adjust Register. The phase of the generated
sampling clock may be shifted to locate an optimum sampling
point within a clock cycle. The Phase Adjust Register provides
32 phase-shift steps of 11.25° each. The Hsync signal with
an identical phase shift is available through the HSOUT pin.
The COAST pin is used to allow the PLL to continue to run
at the same frequency, in the absence of the incoming Hsync
signal or during disturbances in Hsync (such as equalization
pulses). This may be used during the vertical sync period, or
any other time that the Hsync signal is unavailable. The
polarity of the COAST signal may be set through the Coast
Polarity Register. Also, the polarity of the Hsync signal
may be set through the Hsync Polarity Register. If not
using automatic polarity detection, the Hsync and COAST
Polarity bits should be set to match the respective polarities
of the input signals.
PVD
0.082␮F CZ
CP 0.0082␮F
2.7k⍀ RZ
FILT
Figure 6. PLL Loop Filter Detail
Four programmable registers are provided to optimize the performance of the PLL. These registers are:
1. The 12-Bit Divisor Register. The input Hsync frequencies
range from 15 kHz to 110 kHz. The PLL multiplies the
frequency of the Hsync signal, producing pixel clock
frequencies in the range of 12 MHz to 110 MHz. The
Divisor Register controls the exact multiplication factor.
This register may be set to any value between 221 and 4095.
(The divide ratio that is actually used is the programmed
divide ratio plus one.)
2. The 2-Bit VCO Range Register. To improve the noise
performance of the AD9883A, the VCO operating frequency
range is divided into three overlapping regions. The VCO
Range Register sets this operating range. The frequency
ranges for the lowest and highest regions are shown in Table II.
Table II. VCO Frequency Ranges
PV1
PV0
Pixel Clock Range (MHz)
AD9883AKST
AD9883ABST
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
12–32
32–64
64–110
110–140
12–30
30–60
60–120
120–140
3. The 3-Bit Charge Pump Current Register. This register
allows the current that drives the low-pass loop filter to be
varied. The possible current values are listed in Table III.
Power Management
The AD9883A uses the activity detect circuits, the active interface bits in the serial bus, the active interface override bits, and
the power-down bit to determine the correct power state. There
are three power states, full-power, seek mode, and power-down.
Table IV summarizes how the AD9883A determines what power
mode to be in and which circuitry is powered on/off in each of
these modes. The power-down command has priority over the
automatic circuitry.
Table IV. Power-Down Mode Descriptions
Mode
Inputs
PowerDown1
Sync
Detect2
Powered On or
Comments
Full-Power
1
1
Everything
Seek Mode
1
0
Serial Bus, Sync
Activity Detect, SOG,
Band Gap Reference
Power-Down
0
X
Serial Bus, Sync
Activity Detect, SOG,
Band Gap Reference
NOTES
1
Power-down is controlled via Bit 1 in serial bus register 0FH.
2
Sync detect is determined by OR-ing Bits 7, 4, and 1 in serial bus register 14H.
Table III. Charge Pump Current/Control Bits
Ip2
Ip1
Ip0
Current (␮A)
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
50
100
150
250
350
500
750
1500
–12–
REV. B
AD9883A
Table V. Recommended VCO Range and Charge Pump Current Settings for Standard Display Formats
Refresh
Rate
Horizontal
Frequency
Pixel Rate
AD9883AKST
VCORNGE
Current
AD9883ABST
VCORNGE
Current
640 × 480
60 Hz
72 Hz
75 Hz
85 Hz
31.5 kHz
37.7 kHz
37.5 kHz
43.3 kHz
25.175 MHz
31.500 MHz
31.500 MHz
36.000 MHz
00
00
00
01
110
110
110
100
00
01
01
01
011
010
010
010
SVGA
800 × 600
56 Hz
60 Hz
72 Hz
75 Hz
85 Hz
35.1 kHz
37.9 kHz
48.1 kHz
46.9 kHz
53.7 kHz
36.000 MHz
40.000 MHz
50.000 MHz
49.500 MHz
56.250 MHz
01
01
01
01
01
100
100
101
101
101
01
01
01
01
01
010
011
100
100
101
XGA
1024 × 768
60 Hz
70 Hz
75 Hz
80 Hz
85 Hz
48.4 kHz
56.5 kHz
60.0 kHz
64.0 kHz
68.3 kHz
65.000 MHz
75.000 MHz
78.750 MHz
85.500 MHz
94.500 MHz
10
10
10
10
10
101
100
100
101
101
10
10
10
10
10
011
011
011
100
100
SXGA
1280 × 1024
60 Hz
75 Hz
64.0 kHz
80.0 kHz
108.000 MHz
135.000 MHz
10
11
110
110
10
11
101
101
Standard
Resolution
VGA
Timing
The following timing diagrams show the operation of the
AD9883A.
The output data clock signal is created so that its rising edge
always occurs between data transitions, and can be used to latch
the output data externally.
There is a pipeline in the AD9883A, which must be flushed
before valid data becomes available. This means four data sets
are presented before valid data is available.
t PER
t CYCLE
DATACK
t SKEW
DATA
HSOUT
Figure 7. Output Timing
Hsync Timing
Horizontal Sync (Hsync) is processed in the AD9883A to eliminate ambiguity in the timing of the leading edge with respect to
the phase-delayed pixel clock and data.
The Hsync input is used as a reference to generate the pixel
sampling clock. The sampling phase can be adjusted, with respect
to Hsync, through a full 360° in 32 steps via the Phase Adjust
Register (to optimize the pixel sampling time). Display systems
use Hsync to align memory and display write cycles, so it is
important to have a stable timing relationship between Hsync
output (HSOUT) and data clock (DATACK).
REV. B
Three things happen to Horizontal Sync in the AD9883A. First,
the polarity of Hsync input is determined and will thus have a
known output polarity. The known output polarity can be programmed either active high or active low (register 0EH, Bit 5).
Second, HSOUT is aligned with DATACK and data outputs.
Third, the duration of HSOUT (in pixel clocks) is set via register 07H. HSOUT is the sync signal that should be used to drive
the rest of the display system.
Coast Timing
In most computer systems, the Hsync signal is provided continuously on a dedicated wire. In these systems, the COAST
input and function are unnecessary, and should not be used and
the pin should be permanently connected to the inactive state.
In some systems, however, Hsync is disturbed during the Vertical
Sync period (Vsync). In some cases, Hsync pulses disappear.
In other systems, such as those that employ Composite Sync
(Csync) signals or embedded Sync-on-Green (SOG), Hsync
includes equalization pulses or other distortions during Vsync. To
avoid upsetting the clock generator during Vsync, it is important to ignore these distortions. If the pixel clock PLL sees
extraneous pulses, it will attempt to lock to this new frequency,
and will have changed frequency by the end of the Vsync period.
It will then take a few lines of correct Hsync timing to recover
at the beginning of a new frame, resulting in a “tearing” of the
image at the top of the display.
The COAST input is provided to eliminate this problem. It is
an asynchronous input that disables the PLL input and allows
the clock to free-run at its then-current frequency. The PLL can
free-run for several lines without significant frequency drift.
–13–
AD9883A
RGBIN
P0
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
P7
HSYNC
PxCK
HS
5-PIPE DELAY
ADCCK
DATACK
DOUTA
D0
D1
D2
HSOUT
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
VARIABLE DURATION
Figure 8. 4:4:4 Mode (For RGB and YUV)
RGBIN
P0
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
P7
HSYNC
PxCK
HS
5-PIPE DELAY
ADCCK
DATACK
GOUTA
Y0
Y1
Y2
Y3
Y4
Y5
Y6
Y7
ROUTA
U0
V1
U2
V3
U4
V5
U6
V7
HSOUT
VARIABLE DURATION
Figure 9. 4:2:2 Mode (For YUV Only)
–14–
REV. B
AD9883A
2-Wire Serial Register Map
The AD9883A is initialized and controlled by a set of registers,
which determine the operating modes. An external controller is
employed to write and read the control registers through the
two-line serial interface port.
Table VI. Control Register Map
Hex
Address
Write and
Read or
Read Only
Bits
00H
RO
7:0
01H*
R/W
7:0
01101001
PLL Div MSB This register is for Bits [11:4] of the PLL divider. Greater values mean
the PLL operates at a faster rate. This register should be loaded first
whenever a change is needed. This will give the PLL more time to lock.
02H*
R/W
7:4
1101****
PLL Div LSB
03H
R/W
7:3
01******
Default
Value
Register
Name
Chip Revision
Function
An 8-bit register that represents the silicon revision level.
Revision 0 = 0000 0000.
Bits [7:4] of this word are written to the LSBs [3:0] of the
PLL divider word.
Bits [7:6] VCO Range. Selects VCO frequency range.
(See PLL description.)
Bits [5:3] Charge Pump Current. Varies the current that drives the
low-pass filter. (See PLL description.)
**001***
04H
R/W
7:3
10000***
Phase Adjust
ADC Clock Phase Adjustment. Larger values mean more delay.
(1 LSB = T/32)
05H
R/W
7:0
10000000
Clamp
Placement
Places the Clamp signal an integer number of clock periods after the trailing edge of the Hsync signal.
06H
R/W
7:0
10000000
Clamp
Duration
Number of clock periods that the Clamp signal is actively clamping.
07H
R/W
7:0
00100000
Hsync Output
Pulsewidth
Sets the number of pixel clocks that HSOUT will remain active.
08H
R/W
7:0
10000000
Red Gain
Controls ADC input range (contrast) of each respective channel.
Greater values give less contrast.
09H
0AH
R/W
R/W
7:0
7:0
10000000
10000000
Green Gain
Blue Gain
0BH
R/W
7:1
1000000*
Red Offset
0CH
0DH
R/W
R/W
7:1
7:1
1000000*
1000000*
Green Offset
Blue Offset
0EH
R/W
7:0
0*******
Sync Control
*1******
**0*****
***0****
****0***
*****0**
******0*
*******0
REV. B
Controls dc offset (brightness) of each respective channel. Greater
values decrease brightness.
Bit 7 – Hsync Polarity Override. (Logic 0 = Polarity determined by
chip, Logic 1 = Polarity set by Bit 6 in register 0EH.)
Bit 6 – Hsync Input Polarity. Indicates polarity of incoming Hsync
signal to the PLL. (Logic 0 = Active Low, Logic 1 = Active High.)
Bit 5 – Hsync Output Polarity. (Logic 0 = Logic High Sync,
Logic 1 = Logic Low Sync.)
Bit 4 – Active Hsync Override. If set to Logic 1, the user can select
the Hsync to be used via Bit 3. If set to Logic 0, the active interface
is selected via Bit 6 in register 14H.
Bit 3 – Active Hsync Select. Logic 0 selects Hsync as the active
sync. Logic 1 selects Sync-on-Green as the active sync. Note that the
indicated Hsync will be used only if Bit 4 is set to Logic 1 or if both
syncs are active. (Bits 1, 7 = Logic 1 in register 14H.)
Bit 2 – Vsync Output Invert. (Logic 1 = No Invert, Logic 0 = Invert.)
Bit 1 – Active Vsync Override. If set to Logic 1, the user can select
the Vsync to be used via Bit 0. If set to Logic 0, the active interface
is selected via Bit 3 in register 14H.
Bit 0 – Active Vsync Select. Logic 0 selects Raw Vsync as the output
Vsync. Logic 1 selects Sync Separated Vsync as the output Vsync.
Note that the indicated Vsync will be used only if Bit 1 is set to Logic 1.
–15–
AD9883A
Table VI. Control Register Map (continued)
Hex
Address
Write and
Read or
Read Only
Bits
Default
Value
0FH
R/W
7:1
0*******
Register
Name
Function
Bit 7 – Clamp Function. Chooses between Hsync for Clamp
signal or another external signal to be used for clamping.
(Logic 0 = Hsync, Logic 1 = Clamp.)
Bit 6 – Clamp Polarity. Valid only with external Clamp signal.
(Logic 0 = Active High, Logic 1 Selects Active Low.)
Bit 5 – Coast Select. Logic 0 selects the coast input pins to be
used for the PLL coast. Logic 1 selects Vsync to be used for the
PLL coast.
Bit 4 – Coast Polarity Override. (Logic 0 = Polarity determined by
chip, Logic 1 = Polarity set by Bit 3 in register 0FH.)
Bit 3 – Coast Polarity. Selects polarity of external Coast signal.
(Logic 0 = Active Low, Logic 1 = Active High.)
Bit 2 – Seek Mode Override. (Logic 1 = Allow Low Power Mode,
Logic 0 = Disallow Low Power Mode.)
Bit 1 – PWRDN. Full Chip Power-Down, Active Low. (Logic 0 =
Full Chip Power-Down, Logic 1 = Normal.)
*1******
**0*****
***0****
****1***
*****1**
******1*
10H
R/W
7:3
10111***
Sync-on-Green
Threshold
Sync-on-Green Threshold. Sets the voltage level of the Sync-onGreen slicer’s comparator.
Bit 2 – Red Clamp Select. Logic 0 selects clamp to ground.
Logic 1 selects clamp to midscale (voltage at Pin 37).
Bit 1 – Green Clamp Select. Logic 0 selects clamp to ground.
Logic 1 selects clamp to midscale (voltage at Pin 37).
Bit 0 – Blue Clamp Select. Logic 0 selects clamp to ground.
Logic 1 selects clamp to midscale (voltage at Pin 37).
*****0**
******0*
*******0
11H
R/W
7:0
00100000
Sync Separator
Threshold
Sync Separator Threshold. Sets how many internal 5 MHz clock
periods the sync separator will count to before toggling high or low.
This should be set to some number greater than the maximum
Hsync or equalization pulsewidth.
12H
R/W
7:0
00000000
Pre-Coast
Pre-Coast. Sets the number of Hsync periods that Coast becomes
active prior to Vsync.
13H
R/W
7:0
00000000
Post-Coast
Post-Coast. Sets the number of Hsync periods that Coast stays
active following Vsync.
14H
RO
7:0
Sync Detect
Bit 7 – Hsync detect. It is set to Logic 1 if Hsync is present on the
analog interface; otherwise it is set to Logic 0.
Bit 6 – AHS: Active Hsync. This bit indicates which analog Hsync
is being used. (Logic 0 = Hsync Input Pin, Logic 1 = Hsync from
Sync-on-Green.)
Bit 5 – Input Hsync Polarity Detect. (Logic 0 = Active Low,
Logic 1 = Active High.)
Bit 4 – Vsync Detect. It is set to Logic 1 if Vsync is present on the
analog interface; otherwise it is set to Logic 0.
Bit 3 – AVS: Active Vsync. This bit indicates which analog Vsync
is being used. (Logic 0 = Vsync Input Pin, Logic 1 = Vsync from
Sync Separator.)
Bit 2 – Output Vsync Polarity Detect. (Logic 0 = Active Low,
Logic 1 = Active High.)
Bit 1 – Sync-on-Green Detect. It is set to Logic 1 if sync is present
on the Green video input; otherwise it is set to 0.
Bit 0 – Input Coast Polarity Detect. (Logic 0 = Active Low, Logic 1 =
Active High.)
15H
R/W
7:0
Test Register
Bits [7:4] Reserved for future use.
Bit 3 – Must be set to 1 for proper operation.
Bit 2 – Must be set to 1 for proper operation.
Bit 1 – 4:2:2 Output Formatting Mode (Logic 0 = 4:2:2 mode, Logic 1=
4:4:4 mode)
Bit 0 – Must be set to 0 for proper operation.
1111****
****1***
*****1**
******1*
*******1
–16–
REV. B
AD9883A
Table VI. Control Register Map (continued)
Hex
Address
Write and
Read or
Read Only
Bits
16H
R/W
17H
18H
Default
Value
Register
Name
Function
7:0
Test Register
Reserved for future use.
RO
7:0
Test Register
Reserved for future use.
RO
7:0
Test Register
Reserved for future use.
*The AD9883A only updates the PLL divide ratio when the LSBs are written to (register 02H).
The AD9883A updates the full divide ratio only when this
register is written to.
2-WIRE SERIAL CONTROL REGISTER DETAIL CHIP
IDENTIFICATION
00
7–0 Chip Revision
An 8-bit register that represents the silicon revision. Revision 0 = 0000 0000, Revision 1 = 0000 0001, Revision 2 =
0000 0010.
CLOCK GENERATOR CONTROL
03
7–6 VCO Range Select
Two bits that establish the operating range of the clock
generator.
PLL DIVIDER CONTROL
01
7–0 PLL Divide Ratio MSBs
VCORNGE must be set to correspond with the desired
operating frequency (incoming pixel rate).
The 8 most significant bits of the 12-bit PLL divide ratio
PLLDIV. (The operational divide ratio is PLLDIV + 1.)
The PLL gives the best jitter performance at high frequencies. For this reason, to output low pixel rates and
still get good jitter performance, the PLL actually operates
at a higher frequency but then divides down the clock rate
afterwards. Table VII shows the pixel rates for each VCO
range setting. The PLL output divisor is automatically
selected with the VCO range setting.
The PLL derives a master clock from an incoming Hsync
signal. The master clock frequency is then divided by an
integer value, such that the output is phase-locked to
Hsync. This PLLDIV value determines the number of
pixel times (pixels plus horizontal blanking overhead) per
line. This is typically 20% to 30% more than the number
of active pixels in the display.
Table VII. VCO Ranges
The 12-bit value of the PLL divider supports divide ratios
from 2 to 4095. The higher the value loaded in this register, the higher the resulting clock frequency with respect
to a fixed Hsync frequency.
VESA has established some standard timing specifications
that assist in determining the value for PLLDIV as a
function of horizontal and vertical display resolution and
frame rate (Table V).
However, many computer systems do not conform precisely to the recommendations, and these numbers should
be used only as a guide. The display system manufacturer
should provide automatic or manual means for optimizing
PLLDIV. An incorrectly set PLLDIV will usually produce
one or more vertical noise bars on the display. The greater
the error, the greater the number of bars produced.
Pixel Rate Range
00
01
10
11
12–32
32–64
64–110
110–140
The power-up default value is 01.
03
5–3 CURRENT Charge Pump Current
Three bits that establish the current driving the loop filter
in the clock generator.
Table VIII. Charge Pump Currents
CURRENT
Current (␮A)
The 4 least significant bits of the 12-bit PLL divide ratio
PLLDIV. The operational divide ratio is PLLDIV + 1.
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
50
100
150
250
350
500
750
1500
The power-up default value of PLLDIV is 1693
(PLLDIVM = 69H, PLLDIVL = DxH).
CURRENT must be set to correspond with the desired
operating frequency (incoming pixel rate).
The power-up default value of PLLDIV is 1693
(PLLDIVM = 69H, PLLDIVL = DxH).
The AD9883A updates the full divide ratio only when the
LSBs are changed. Writing to the MSB by itself will not
trigger an update.
02
VCORNGE
7–4 PLL Divide Ratio LSBs
The power-up default value is current = 001.
REV. B
–17–
AD9883A
04
7–3 Clock Phase Adjust
A 5-bit value that adjusts the sampling phase in 32 steps
across one pixel time. Each step represents an 11.25° shift
in sampling phase.
INPUT OFFSET
0B 7–1 Red Channel Offset Adjust
A 7-bit offset binary word that sets the dc offset of the Red
channel. One LSB of offset adjustment equals approximately
one LSB change in the ADC offset. Therefore, the absolute
magnitude of the offset adjustment scales as the gain of the
channel is changed. A nominal setting of 63 results in the
channel nominally clamping the back porch (during the
clamping interval) to Code 00. An offset setting of 127 results
in the channel clamping to Code 64 of the ADC. An offset
setting of 0 clamps to Code –63 (off the bottom of the
range). Increasing the value of Red Offset decreases the
brightness of the channel.
The power-up default value is 16.
CLAMP TIMING
05
7–0 Clamp Placement
An 8-bit register that sets the position of the internally
generated clamp.
When Clamp Function (Register 0FH, Bit 7) = 0, a clamp
signal is generated internally, at a position established by
the clamp placement and for a duration set by the clamp
duration. Clamping is started (Clamp Placement) pixel
periods after the trailing edge of Hsync. The clamp placement
may be programmed to any value between 1 and 255.
The clamp should be placed during a time that the input
signal presents a stable black-level reference, usually the
back porch period between Hsync and the image.
0C
7–1 Green Channel Offset Adjust
A 7-bit offset binary word that sets the dc offset of the
Green channel. See REDOFST (0B).
0D
7–1 Blue Channel Offset Adjust
A 7-bit offset binary word that sets the dc offset of the
Green channel. See REDOFST (0B).
When Clamp Function = 1, this register is ignored.
06
MODE CONTROL 1
0E 7 Hsync Input Polarity Override
7–0 Clamp Duration
An 8-bit register that sets the duration of the internally
generated clamp.
This register is used to override the internal circuitry
that determines the polarity of the Hsync signal going
into the PLL.
For the best results, the clamp duration should be set to
include the majority of the black reference signal time that
follows the Hsync signal trailing edge. Insufficient clamping
time can produce brightness changes at the top of the screen,
and a slow recovery from large changes in the average picture
level (APL), or brightness.
Table IX. Hsync Input Polarity Override Settings
When Clamp Function = 1, this register is ignored.
Hsync PULSEWIDTH
07
7–0 Hsync Output Pulsewidth
The leading edge of the Hsync output is triggered by the
internally generated, phase-adjusted PLL feedback clock.
The AD9883A then counts a number of pixel clocks equal
to the value in this register. This triggers the trailing edge
of the Hsync output, which is also phase adjusted.
0E
INPUT GAIN
08
7–0 Red Channel Gain Adjust
An 8-bit word that sets the gain of the Red channel.
The AD9883A can accommodate input signals with a
full-scale range of between 0.5 V and 1.0 V p-p. Setting
REDGAIN to 255 corresponds to a 1.0 V input range.
A REDGAIN of 0 establishes a 0.5 V input range. Note
that increasing REDGAIN results in the picture having less
contrast (the input signal uses fewer of the available
converter codes). See Figure 2.
7–0 Green Channel Gain Adjust
An 8-bit word that sets the gain of the Green channel. See
REDGAIN (08).
0A
Function
0
1
Hsync Polarity Determined by Chip
Hsync Polarity Determined by User
The default for Hsync polarity override is 0 (polarity
determined by chip).
An 8-bit register that sets the duration of the Hsync
output pulse.
09
Override Bit
7–0 Blue Channel Gain Adjust
An 8-bit word that sets the gain of the Blue channel. See
REDGAIN (08).
6 HSPOL Hsync Input Polarity
A bit that must be set to indicate the polarity of the
Hsync signal that is applied to the PLL Hsync input.
Table X. Hsync Input Polarity Settings
HSPOL
Function
0
1
Active Low
Active High
Active Low means the leading edge of the Hsync pulse
is negative going. All timing is based on the leading edge
of Hsync, which is the falling edge. The rising edge has no
effect.
Active high is inverted from the traditional Hsync, with
a positive-going pulse. This means that timing will be
based on the leading edge of Hsync, which is now the
rising edge.
The device will operate if this bit is set incorrectly, but the
internally generated clamp position, as established by
Clamp Placement (Register 05H), will not be placed as
expected, which may generate clamping errors.
The power-up default value is HSPOL = 1.
–18–
REV. B
AD9883A
0E
5 Hsync Output Polarity
0E
This bit determines the polarity of the Hsync output and
the SOG output. Table XI shows the effect of this option.
SYNC indicates the logic state of the sync pulse.
0 Active Vsync Select
This bit is used to select the active Vsync when the override bit is set (Bit 1).
Table XVI. Active Vsync Select Settings
Table XI. Hsync Output Polarity Settings
Setting
SYNC
0
1
Logic 1 (Positive Polarity)
Logic 0 (Negative Polarity)
Select
Result
0
1
Vsync Input
Sync Separator Output
The default for this register is 0.
The default setting for this register is 0.
0E
0F
This bit is used to override the automatic Hsync selection,
To override, set this bit to Logic 1. When overriding, the
active Hsync is set via Bit 3 in this register.
Table XVII. Clamp Input Signal Source Settings
Table XII. Active Hsync Override Settings
Override
Result
0
1
Autodetermines the Active Interface
Override, Bit 3 Determines the Active Interface
Result
0
1
HSYNC Input
Sync-on-Green Input
0F
6 Clamp Input Signal Polarity
Table XVIII. Clamp Input Signal Polarity Settings
Clamp Function
Function
1
0
Active Low
Active High
2 Vsync Output Invert
This bit inverts the polarity of the Vsync output. Table
XIV shows the effect of this option.
A Logic 1 means that the circuit will clamp when CLAMP is
low, and it will pass the signal to the ADC when CLAMP is
high.
Table XIV. Vsync Output Invert Settings
Setting
Vsync Output
0
1
Invert
No Invert
A Logic 0 means that the circuit will clamp when CLAMP
is high, and it will pass the signal to the ADC when
CLAMP is low.
The power-up default value is Clamp Polarity = 1.
0F
The default setting for this register is 0.
0E
Internally Generated Clamp Signal
Externally Provided Clamp Signal
This bit determines the polarity of the externally provided
CLAMP signal.
The default for this register is 0.
0E
0
1
The power-up default value is Clamp Function = 0.
Table XIII. Active HSYNC Select Settings
Select
Function
A 1 enables the external CLAMP input pin. The three
channels are clamped when the CLAMP signal is active.
The polarity of CLAMP is determined by the Clamp
Polarity bit (Register 0FH, Bit 6).
3 Active Hsync Select
This bit is used under two conditions. It is used to select
the active Hsync when the override bit is set (Bit 4). Alternately, it is used to determine the active Hsync when not
overriding but both Hsyncs are detected.
Clamp Function
A 0 enables the clamp timing circuitry controlled by clamp
placement and clamp duration. The clamp position and
duration is counted from the leading edge of Hsync.
The default for this register is 0.
0E
7 Clamp Input Signal Source
This bit determines the source of clamp timing.
4 Active Hsync Override
5 Coast Select
This bit is used to select the active Coast source. The
choices are the Coast Input Pin or Vsync. If Vsync is selected the additional decision of using the Vsync input
pin or the output from the sync separator needs to be
made (Register 0E, Bits 1, 0).
1 Active Vsync Override
This bit is used to override the automatic Vsync selection.
To override, set this bit to Logic 1. When overriding, the
active interface is set via Bit 0 in this register.
Table XIX. Power-Down Settings
Table XV. Active Vsync Override Settings
Override
Result
Select
Result
0
1
Autodetermine the Active Vsync
Override, Bit 0 Determines the Active Vsync
0
1
Coast Input Pin
Vsync (See above Text)
The default for this register is 0.
REV. B
–19–
AD9883A
0F
4 Coast Input Polarity Override
The default setting is 23, which corresponds to a threshold
value of 100 mV; for a threshold of 150 mV, the setting
should be 18.
This register is used to override the internal circuitry that
determines the polarity of the Coast signal going into the PLL.
10
Table XX. Coast Input Polarity Override Settings
Override Bit
Result
0
1
Determined by Chip
Determined by User
This bit determines whether the Red channel is clamped to
ground or to midscale. For RGB video, all three channels are referenced to ground. For YCbCr (or YUV), the
Y channel is referenced to ground, but the CbCr channels
are referenced to midscale. Clamping to midscale actually
clamps to Pin 37.
The default for coast polarity override is 0.
0F
3 Coast Input Polarity
Table XXIV. Red Clamp Select Settings
This bit indicates the polarity of the Coast signal that is
applied to the PLL COAST input.
Table XXI. Coast Input Polarity Settings
Coast Polarity
Function
0
1
Active Low
Active High
10
10
This bit is used to either allow or disallow the low power
mode. The low power mode (Seek Mode) occurs when
there are no signals on any of the Sync inputs.
1 PWRDN
Table XXIII. Power-Down Settings
0
1
Power-Down
Normal Operation
Clamp to Ground
Clamp to Midscale (Pin 37)
0 Blue Clamp Select
Clamp
Function
0
1
Clamp to Ground
Clamp to Midscale (Pin 37)
7–0 Sync Separator Threshold
The default for this register is 32.
12
The default for this register is 1.
10
0
1
This register is used to set the responsiveness of the sync
separator. It sets how many internal 5 MHz clock periods
the sync separator must count to before toggling high or
low. It works like a low-pass filter to ignore Hsync pulses
in order to extract the Vsync signal. This register should
be set to some number greater than the maximum Hsync
pulsewidth. Note that the sync separator threshold uses an
internal dedicated clock with a frequency of approximately 5 MHz.
This bit is used to put the chip in full power-down. See
Power Management Section for details of which blocks
are powered down.
Result
Function
The default setting for this register is 0.
11
The default for this register is 1.
Select
Clamp
Table XXVI. Blue Clamp Select Settings
Table XXII. Seek Mode Override Settings
0F
1 Green Clamp Select
This bit determines whether the Blue channel is clamped
to ground or to midscale.
2 Seek Mode Override
Allow Seek Mode
Disallow Seek Mode
Clamp to Ground
Clamp to Midscale (Pin 37)
The default setting for this register is 0.
The power-up default value is 1.
1
0
0
1
Table XXV. Green Clamp Select Settings
This function needs to be used along with the Coast
Polarity Override bit (Bit 4).
Result
Function
This bit determines whether the Green channel is clamped
to ground or to midscale.
Active High means that the clock generator will ignore
Hsync inputs when Coast is high, and continue operating at
the same nominal frequency until Coast goes low.
Select
Clamp
The default setting for this register is 0.
Active Low means that the clock generator will ignore
Hsync inputs when Coast is low, and continue operating at
the same nominal frequency until Coast goes high.
0F
2 Red Clamp Select
7-3 Sync-on-Green Slicer Threshold
This register allows the comparator threshold of the Syncon-Green slicer to be adjusted. This register adjusts it in
steps of 10 mV, with the minimum setting equaling 10 mV
(11111) and the maximum setting equaling 330 mV (00000).
–20–
7–0 Pre-Coast
This register allows the coast signal to be applied prior to
the Vsync signal. This is necessary in cases where preequalization pulses are present. The step size for this
control is one Hsync period.
The default is 0.
REV. B
AD9883A
13
Table XXX. Vsync Detection Results
7–0 Post-Coast
This register allows the coast signal to be applied following the Vsync signal. This is necessary in cases where
post-equalization pulses are present. The step size for this
control is one Hsync period.
The default is 0.
14
Detect
Function
0
1
No Activity Detected
Activity Detected
The Sync Processing Block Diagram (Figure 12) shows
where this function is implemented.
7 Hsync Detect
This bit is used to indicate when activity is detected on
the Hsync input pin (Pin 30). If Hsync is held high or
low, activity will not be detected.
14
This bit indicates which Vsync source is being used: the
Vsync input or output from the sync separator. Bit 4 in this
register determines which is active. If both Vsync and
SOG are detected, the user can determine which has
priority via Bit 0 in register 0EH. The user can override this
function via Bit 1 in register 0EH. If the override bit is set
to Logic 1, this bit will be forced to whatever the state of Bit 0
in register 0EH is set.
Table XXVII. Hsync Detection Results
Detect
Function
0
1
No Activity Detected
Activity Detected
3 AVS – Active Vsync
The sync processing block diagram shows where this
function is implemented.
14
Table XXXI. Active Vsync Results
6 AHS – Active Hsync
This bit indicates which Hsync input source is being used
by the PLL (Hsync input or Sync-on-Green). Bits 7 and 1
in this register determine which source is used. If both
Hsync and SOG are detected, the user can determine which
has priority via Bit 3 in register 0EH. The user can override
this function via Bit 4 in register 0EH. If the override bit
is set to Logic 1, then this bit will be forced to whatever
the state of Bit 3 in register 0EH is set to.
Table XXVIII. Active Hsync Results
Bit 7
(Hsync
Detect)
Bit 1
(SOG
Detect)
Bit 4,
Reg 0EH
(Override)
AHS
0
0
1
1
X
0
1
0
1
X
0
0
0
0
1
Bit 3 in 0EH
1
0
Bit 3 in 0EH
Bit 3 in 0EH
AHS = 0 means use the Hsync pin input for Hsync.
AHS = 1 means use the SOG pin input for Hsync.
Bit 1, Reg 0EH
(Override)
AVS
1
0
X
0
0
1
0
1
Bit 0 in 0EH
AVS = 0 means Vsync input.
AVS = 1 means Sync separator.
The override bit is in register 0EH, Bit 1.
14
2
Detected Vsync Output Polarity Status
This bit reports the status of the Vsync output polarity
detection circuit. It can be used to determine the polarity
of the Vsync output. The detection circuit’s location isshown in the Sync Processing Block Diagram (Figure 12).
Table XXXII. Detected Vsync Output Polarity Status
14
Vsync Polarity Status
Result
0
1
Active Low
Active High
1
Sync-on-Green Detect
This bit is used to indicate when sync activity is detected
on the Sync-on-Green input pin (Pin 49).
The override bit is in register 0EH, Bit 4.
14
Bit 4, Reg 14H
(Vsync Detect)
5 Detected Hsync Input Polarity Status
Table XXXIII. Sync-on-Green Detection Results
This bit reports the status of the Hsync input polarity
detection circuit. It can be used to determine the polarity
of the Hsync input. The detection circuit’s location is
shown in the Sync Processing Block Diagram (Figure 12).
Detect
Function
0
1
No Activity Detected
Activity Detected
Table XXIX. Detected Hsync Input Polarity Status
14
Hsync Polarity Status
Result
0
1
Negative
Positive
The Sync Processing Block Diagram (Figure 12) shows
where this function is implemented.
14
Detected Coast Polarity Status
This bit reports the status of the Coast input polarity
detection circuit. It can be used to determine the polarity
of the Coast input. The detection circuit’s location is shown
in the Sync Processing Block Diagram (Figure 12).
4 Vsync Detect
This bit is used to indicate when activity is detected on
the Vsync input pin (Pin 31). If Vsync is held steady high
or low, activity will not be detected.
REV. B
0
–21–
AD9883A
There are five components to serial bus operation:
Table XXXIV. Detected Coast Input Polarity Status
Polarity Status
Result
0
1
Coast Polarity Negative
Coast Polarity Positive
•
•
•
•
•
This indicates that Bit 1 of Register 5 is the 4:2:2 Output
mode select bit.
15
1
When the serial interface is inactive (SCL and SDA are high)
communications are initiated by sending a start signal. The start
signal is a high-to-low transition on SDA while SCL is high.
This signal alerts all slaved devices that a data transfer sequence
is coming.
4:2:2 Output Mode Select
A bit that configures the output data in 4:2:2 mode.
This mode can be used to reduce the number of data
lines used from 24 down to 16 for applications using
YUV, YCbCr, or YPbPr graphics signals. A timing
diagram for this mode is shown in Figure 9.
The first eight bits of data transferred after a start signal comprise a 7-bit slave address (the first seven bits) and a single R/W
Bit (the eighth bit). The R/W Bit indicates the direction of data
transfer, read from (1) or write to (0) the slave device. If the
transmitted slave address matches the address of the device (set by
the state of the SA1-0 input pins in Table XXXIV, the AD9883A
acknowledges by bringing SDA low on the ninth SCL pulse. If the
addresses do not match, the AD9883A does not acknowledge.
Recommended input and output configurations are
shown in Table XXXV.
Table XXXV. 4:2:2 Output Mode Select
Select
Output Mode
0
1
4:2:2
4:4:4
Start Signal
Slave Address Byte
Base Register Address Byte
Data Byte to Read or Write
Stop Signal
Table XXXVII. Serial Port Addresses
Table XXXVI. 4:2:2 Input/Output Configuration
Channel
Input
Connection
Output Format
Red
Green
Blue
V
Y
U
U/V
Y
High Impedance
Bit 7
A6
(MSB)
Bit 6
A5
Bit 5
A4
Bit 4
A3
Bit 3
A2
Bit 2
A1
Bit 1
A0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
Data Transfer via Serial Interface
For each byte of data read or written, the MSB is the first bit of
the sequence.
2-WIRE SERIAL CONTROL PORT
A 2-wire serial interface control interface is provided. Up to two
AD9883A devices may be connected to the 2-wire serial interface,
with each device having a unique address.
The 2-wire serial interface comprises a clock (SCL) and a bidirectional data (SDA) pin. The analog flat panel interface acts as
a slave for receiving and transmitting data over the serial interface.
When the serial interface is not active, the logic levels on SCL
and SDA are pulled high by external pull-up resistors.
Data received or transmitted on the SDA line must be stable for
the duration of the positive-going SCL pulse. Data on SDA must
change only when SCL is low. If SDA changes state while SCL
is high, the serial interface interprets that action as a start or
stop sequence.
If the AD9883A does not acknowledge the master device during
a write sequence, the SDA remains high so the master can generate a stop signal. If the master device does not acknowledge the
AD9883A during a read sequence, the AD9883A interprets this
as “end of data.” The SDA remains high so the master can
generate a stop signal.
Writing data to specific control registers of the AD9883A requires
that the 8-bit address of the control register of interest be written
after the slave address has been established. This control register
address is the base address for subsequent write operations. The
base address autoincrements by one for each byte of data written
after the data byte intended for the base address. If more bytes
are transferred than there are available addresses, the address will
not increment and remains at its maximum value of 14H. Any base
address higher than 14H will not produce an acknowledge signal.
SDA
tBUFF
tSTAH
tDSU
tDHO
tSTASU
tSTOSU
tDAL
SCL
tDAH
Figure 10. Serial Port Read/Write Timing
–22–
REV. B
AD9883A
➥
➥
➥
➥
➥
➥
Data is read from the control registers of the AD9883A in a similar
manner. Reading requires two data transfer operations:
The base address must be written with the R/W Bit of the slave
address byte low to set up a sequential read operation.
Reading (the R/W Bit of the slave address byte high) begins at
the previously established base address. The address of the read
register autoincrements after each byte is transferred.
Read from one control register
➥ Start Signal
➥ Slave Address Byte (R/W Bit = Low)
➥ Base Address Byte
➥ Start Signal
➥ Slave Address Byte (R/W Bit = High)
➥ Data Byte from Base Address
➥ Stop Signal
To terminate a read/write sequence to the AD9883A, a stop
signal must be sent. A stop signal comprises a low-to-high transition of SDA while SCL is high.
A repeated start signal occurs when the master device driving
the serial interface generates a start signal without first generating
a stop signal to terminate the current communication. This is
used to change the mode of communication (read, write)
between the slave and master without releasing the serial
interface lines.
Read from four consecutive control registers
➥ Start Signal
➥ Slave Address Byte (R/W Bit = Low)
➥ Base Address Byte
➥ Start Signal
➥ Slave Address Byte (R/W Bit = High)
➥ Data Byte from Base Address
➥ Data Byte from (Base Address + 1)
➥ Data Byte from (Base Address + 2)
➥ Data Byte from (Base Address + 3)
➥ Stop Signal
Serial Interface Read/Write Examples
Write to one control register
➥ Start Signal
➥ Slave Address Byte (R/W Bit = Low)
➥ Base Address Byte
➥ Data Byte to Base Address
➥ Stop Signal
Write to four consecutive control registers
➥ Start Signal
➥ Slave Address Byte (R/W Bit = Low)
SDA
BIT 7
BIT 6
BIT 5
Base Address Byte
Data Byte to Base Address
Data Byte to (Base Address + 1)
Data Byte to (Base Address + 2)
Data Byte to (Base Address + 3)
Stop Signal
BIT 4
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
ACK
SCL
Figure 11. Serial Interface—Typical Byte Transfer
ACTIVITY
DETECT
SYNC STRIPPER
NEGATIVE PEAK
CLAMP
SYNC SEPARATOR
COMP
SYNC
INTEGRATOR
VSYNC
1/S
SOG
MUX 1
HSYNC IN
SOG OUT
PLL
ACTIVITY
DETECT
POLARITY
DETECT
HSYNC OUT
HSYNC
CLOCK
GENERATOR
MUX 2
HSYNC OUT
PIXEL CLOCK
COAST
COAST
MUX 3
POLARITY
DETECT
AD9883A
VSYNC IN
VSYNC OUT
ACTIVITY
DETECT
POLARITY
DETECT
MUX 4
Figure 12. Sync Processing Block Diagram
REV. B
–23–
AD9883A
Table XXXVIII. Control of the Sync Block Muxes via the
Serial Register
Mux No.
Serial Bus
Control Bit
Control
Bit State
Result
1 and 2
0EH: Bit 3
3
0FH: Bit 5
4
0EH: Bit 0
0
1
0
1
0
1
Pass Hsync
Pass Sync-on-Green
Pass Coast
Pass Vsync
Pass Vsync
Pass Sync Separator Signal
Analog Interface Inputs
Using the following layout techniques on the graphics inputs is
extremely important.
Minimize the trace length running into the graphics inputs. This
is accomplished by placing the AD9883A as close as possible
to the graphics VGA connector. Long input trace lengths are
undesirable because they pick up more noise from the board
and other external sources.
Place the 75 Ω termination resistors (see Figure 1) as close to the
AD9883A chip as possible. Any additional trace length between
the termination resistors and the input of the AD9883A increases
the magnitude of reflections, which will corrupt the graphics signal.
Sync Slicer
The purpose of the sync slicer is to extract the sync signal from
the Green graphics channel. A sync signal is not present on all
graphics systems, only those with Sync-on-Green. The sync signal
is extracted from the Green channel in a two-step process. First,
the SOG input is clamped to its negative peak (typically 0.3 V
below the black level). Next, the signal goes to a comparator with
a variable trigger level, nominally 0.15 V above the clamped level.
The “sliced” sync is typically a composite sync signal containing
both Hsync and Vsync.
Sync Separator
A sync separator extracts the Vsync signal from a composite sync
signal. It does this through a low-pass filter-like or integrator-like
operation. It works on the idea that the Vsync signal stays active
for a much longer time than the Hsync signal, so it rejects any
signal shorter than a threshold value, which is somewhere between
an Hsync pulsewidth and a Vsync pulsewidth.
The sync separator on the AD9883A is simply an 8-bit digital
counter with a 5 MHz clock. It works independently of the
polarity of the composite sync signal. (Polarities are determined
elsewhere on the chip.) The basic idea is that the counter counts
up when Hsync pulses are present. But since Hsync pulses are
relatively short in width, the counter only reaches a value of N
before the pulse ends. It then starts counting down eventually
reaching 0 before the next Hsync pulse arrives. The specific
value of N will vary for different video modes, but will always be
less than 255. For example with a 1 µs width Hsync, the counter
will only reach 5 (1 µs/200 ns = 5). Now, when Vsync is present
on the composite sync the counter will also count up. However,
since the Vsync signal is much longer, it will count to a higher
number M. For most video modes, M will be at least 255. So,
Vsync can be detected on the composite sync signal by detecting
when the counter counts to higher than N. The specific count that
triggers detection (T) can be programmed through the serial
register (11H).
Once Vsync has been detected, there is a similar process to detect
when it goes inactive. At detection, the counter first resets to 0,
then starts counting up when Vsync goes away. Similar to the
previous case, it will detect the absence of Vsync when the counter
reaches the threshold count (T). In this way, it will reject noise
and/or serration pulses. Once Vsync is detected to be absent, the
counter resets to 0 and begins the cycle again.
PCB LAYOUT RECOMMENDATIONS
The AD9883A is a high precision, high speed analog device. As
such, to get the maximum performance out of the part, it is
important to have a well laid out board. The following is a guide
for designing a board using the AD9883A.
Use 75 Ω matched impedance traces. Trace impedances other
than 75 Ω will also increase the chance of reflections.
The AD9883A has very high input bandwidth (500 MHz). While
this is desirable for acquiring a high resolution PC graphics
signal with fast edges, it means that it will also capture any high
frequency noise present. Therefore, it is important to reduce the
amount of noise that gets coupled to the inputs. Avoid running
any digital traces near the analog inputs.
Due to the high bandwidth of the AD9883A, low-pass filtering
the analog inputs can sometimes help to reduce noise. (For
many applications, filtering is unnecessary.) Experiments have
shown that placing a series ferrite bead prior to the 75 Ω termination resistor is helpful in filtering out excess noise. Specifically,
the part used was the #2508051217Z0 from Fair-Rite, but each
application may work best with a different bead value. Alternately,
placing a 100 Ω to 120 Ω resistor between the 75 Ω termination
resistor and the input coupling capacitor can also be beneficial.
Power Supply Bypassing
It is recommended to bypass each power supply pin with a
0.1 µF capacitor. The exception is when two or more supply
pins are adjacent to each other. For these groupings of powers/
grounds, it is necessary to have only one bypass capacitor.
The fundamental idea is to have a bypass capacitor within about
0.5 cm of each power pin. Also, avoid placing the capacitor on
the opposite side of the PC board from the AD9883A, as that
interposes resistive vias in the path.
The bypass capacitors should be physically located between the
power plane and the power pin. Current should flow from the
power plane to the capacitor to the power pin. Do not make the power
connection between the capacitor and the power pin. Placing a
via underneath the capacitor pads, down to the power plane, is
generally the best approach.
It is particularly important to maintain low noise and good
stability of PVD (the clock generator supply). Abrupt changes in
PVD can result in similarly abrupt changes in sampling clock phase
and frequency. This can be avoided by careful attention to regulation, filtering, and bypassing. It is highly desirable to provide
separate regulated supplies for each of the analog circuitry
groups (VD and PVD).
Some graphic controllers use substantially different levels of
power when active (during active picture time) and when idle
(during horizontal and vertical sync periods). This can result in
a measurable change in the voltage supplied to the analog supply
regulator, which can in turn produce changes in the regulated
analog supply voltage. This can be mitigated by regulating the
analog supply, or at least PVD, from a different, cleaner power
source (for example, from a 12 V supply).
–24–
REV. B
AD9883A
Outputs (Both Data and Clocks)
In some cases, using separate ground planes is unavoidable. For
those cases, it is recommended to at least place a single ground
plane under the AD9883A. The location of the split should
be at the receiver of the digital outputs. For this case it is even
more important to place components wisely because the current
loops will be much longer (current takes the path of least resistance). An example of a current loop:
Adding a series resistor of value 22 Ω to 100 Ω can suppress reflections, reduce EMI, and reduce the current spikes inside of the
AD9883A. However, if 50 Ω traces are used on the PCB, the
data outputs should not need resistors. A 22 Ω resistor on the
DATACK output should provide good impedance matching that
will reduce reflections. If series resistors are used, place them as
close to the AD9883A pins as possible (although try not to add vias
or extra length to the output trace in order to get the resistors closer).
E
LAN
DP
UN
O
GR
G IT
AL
AD988
3A
DIG
ITA
L
E
AC
DI
POWER PLANE
PUT TR
UT
O
ANALOG
It is also recommended to use a single ground plane for the entire
board. Experience has repeatedly shown that the noise performance is the same or better with a single ground plane. Using
multiple ground planes can be detrimental because each separate
ground plane is smaller, and long ground loops can result.
GRO
UND P
LANE
RECE
DIGITAL DATA
IV E
R
Figure 13. Current Loop
PLL
Place the PLL loop filter components as close to the FILT pin
as possible.
Do not place any digital or other high frequency traces near
these components.
Try to minimize the trace length that the digital outputs have to
drive. Longer traces have higher capacitance, which requires more
current, which causes more internal digital noise.
Shorter traces reduce the possibility of reflections.
If possible, limit the capacitance that each of the digital outputs
drives to less than 10 pF. This can easily be accomplished by
keeping traces short and by connecting the outputs to only one
device. Loading the outputs with excessive capacitance will
increase the current transients inside of the AD9883A, creating
more digital noise on its power supplies.
Digital Inputs
The digital inputs on the AD9883A were designed to work with
3.3 V signals, but are tolerant of 5.0 V signals. Therefore, no
extra components need to be added if using 5.0 V logic.
Any noise that gets onto the Hsync input trace will add jitter to
the system. Therefore, minimize the trace length and do not run
any digital or other high frequency traces near it.
Voltage Reference
Bypass with a 0.1 µF capacitor. Place as close to the AD9883A
pin as possible. Make the ground connection as short as possible.
Use the values suggested in the data sheet with 10% tolerances
or less.
REV. B
–25–
AD9883A
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
80-Lead Low Profile Quad Flat Package [LQFP]
(ST-80)
Dimensions shown in millimeters
0.75
0.60
0.45
16.00
BSC SQ
1.60
MAX
61
80
60
1
SEATING
PLANE
PIN 1
14.00
BSC SQ
TOP VIEW
(PINS DOWN)
1.45
1.40
1.35
0.15
0.05
10ⴗ
6ⴗ
2ⴗ
SEATING
PLANE
0.20
0.09
7ⴗ
3.5ⴗ
0ⴗ
0.10 MAX
COPLANARITY
VIEW A
20
41
40
21
0.65
BSC
VIEW A
0.38
0.32
0.22
ROTATED 90ⴗ CCW
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MS-026-BEC
–26–
REV. B
AD9883A
Revision History
Location
Page
8/03—Data Sheet changed from REV. A to REV. B.
Added B Grade models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Universal
Edits to SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Change to ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Changes to ORDERING GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Replaced Table II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Edits to Table V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Edits to Table VI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Edits to Sync-on-Green Slicer Threshold section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Edits to Table XXXI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Edits to 4:2:2 Output Mode Select section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Edits to Sync Separator section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Edits to Outputs section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Updated OUTLINE DIMENSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5/02—Data Sheet changed from REV. 0 to REV. A.
Edits to SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Edits to PIN CONFIGURATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Edits to Table II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Edits to Clock Generation section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Edits to Figure 8 and Figure 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Edits to Table VI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Edits to Table VII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Edits to CLAMP TIMING section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Edits to Table XIV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Edits to Clamp Input Signal Polarity section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Edits to 4:2:2 Output Mode Select section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Edits to Table XXXV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Edits to 2-WIRE SERIAL CONTROL PORT section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
REV. B
–27–
–28–
C02561–0–8/03(B)