Fairchild ACE1001L Arithmetic controller engine (acexâ ¢) for low power application Datasheet

ACE1001 Product Family
Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™)
for Low Power Applications
■ 8-bit Timer1 with PWM output
General Description
■ On-chip oscillator
— No external components
— 1µs instruction cycle time
The ACE1001 is a member of the ACEx (Arithmetic Controller
Engine) family of microcontrollers. It is a dedicated programmable
monolithic integrated circuit for applications requiring high performance, low power, and small size. It is a fully static part fabricated
using CMOS technology.
■ On-chip Power-on Reset
■ Brown-out Reset
■ Programmable read and write disable functions
The ACE1001 product family has an 8-bit core processor, 64 bytes
of RAM, 64 bytes of data EEPROM and 1K bytes of code
EEPROM. Its on-chip peripherals include a programmable 8-bit
timer with PWM output, watch-dog/idle timer, and programmable
undervoltage detection circuitry. The on-chip clock and reset
functions reduce the number of required external components.
The ACE1001 product family is available in 8-pin SOIC and
TSSOP packages.
■ Memory mapped I/O
■ Multilevel Low Voltage Detection
■ Fully static CMOS
— Low power HALT mode (100nA @ 3.3V)
— Power saving IDLE mode
■ Single supply operaton
— 1.8 - 5.5V (ACE1001L)
— 2.2 - 5.5V (ACE1001)
Features
■ 1K bytes on-board code EEPROM
■ Software selectable I/O options
— Push-pull outputs with tri-state option
— Weak pull-up or high impedance inputs
■ 64 bytes data EEPROM
■ 40 years data retention
■ Arithmetic Controller Engine
■ 64 bytes RAM
■ 1,000,000 writes
■ Watchdog
■ 8-pin SOIC and TSSOP packages.
■ Multi-input wake-up 3 I/O pins
Block and Connection Diagram
VCC1
GND1
RESET
Power-on Reset
(CKO) G0
(CKI) G1
(T1) G2
(MIW) G3 2
(MIW) G4
(MIW) G5
GPORT
general
purpose
I/O with
multiinput
wakeup
on 3
inputs
Brown-out Reset
Internal Oscillator
HALT & IDLE Power
Saving Modes
ACE1001 core
12-bit Timer0 with
Watchdog Timer
(4 interrupt
sources
and vectors)
8-bit PWM Timer1
Programming Interface
64 bytes of Data
EEPROM
1K bytes of Code
EEPROM
64 bytes of RAM
1. 100nf decoupling capacitor recommended.
2. Input only
© 2002 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation
ACE1001 Product Family Rev. B.1
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ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
April 2002
(MIW) G3
(MIW) G4
(MIW) G5
(CKO) G0
1
2
3
4
(b) Programming Mode
8
VCC
LOAD
1
8
VCC
7
GND
SFT_IN
2
7
GND
NC/VCC
3
6
SFT_OUT
NC
4
5
CKI
6
5
G2 (T1)
G1 (CKI)
Figure 3: ACE1001 TSSOP 8-Pin Device Pinout
(a) Normal Operation
VCC
(MIW) G3
(MIW) G5
(MIW) G4
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
(b) Programming Mode
VCC
1
8
SFT_OUT
LOAD
2
7
GND
G1 (CKI)
NC/VCC
3
6
CKI
G0 (CKO)
SFT_IN
4
5
NC
G2 (T1)
GND
2
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ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
Figure 2: ACE1001 SOIC 8-Pin Device Pinout
(a) Normal Operation
Operating Conditions
Ambient Storage Temperature
-65°C to +150°C
Relative Humidity (non-condensing)
Input Voltage not including G3
-0.3V to VCC+0.3V
G3 Input Voltage
EEPROM write limits
0.3V to 13V
Lead Temperature (10s max)
Electrostatic Discharge on all pins
Device
See DC Electrical
Characteristics
+300°C
2000V min
Operating Voltage
Operating Temperature
ACE1001L
1.8 to 5.5V
0°C to 70°C
ACE1001
2.2 to 5.5V
0°C to 70°C
ACE1001E
2.2 to 5.5V
-40°C to +85°C
3
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ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
2.0 Electrical Characteristics
Absolute Maximum Ratings
VCC = 1.8/2.2 to 5.5V
All measurements valid for ambient operating temperature unless otherwise stated.
Symbol
ICC
3
ICCH
Parameter
Conditions
MIN
TYP
MAX
Units
Supply Current –
no data EEPROM write in
progress
1.8V
2.2V
2.7V
3.3V
5.5V
0.2
0.4
0.7
1.2
3.7
0.5
1.0
1.2
2.0
5.5
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
HALT Mode current
3.3V @ +25°C
3.3V @ -40°C to +85°C
10
100
1000
nA
nA
5.5V @ +25°C
5.5V @+125°C
250
1000
3000
nA
nA
120
140
200
300
µA
µA
5.0
5.5
V
V
ICCL4
IDLE Mode Current
3.3V
5.5V
VCCW
EEPROM Write Voltage
Code EEPROM in
Programming Mode
4.5
Data EEPROM in
Operating Mode
2.4
5.5
1µs/V
10ms/V
SVCC
Power Supply Slope
VIL
Input Low with Schmitt
Trigger Buffer
VCC = 1.8V
VCC = 2.2 -5.5V
VIH
Input High with Schmitt
Trigger Buffer
VCC ≤ 2.2V
VCC > 2.2V
IIP
Input Pull-up Current
VCC =5.5V, VIN =0V
ITL
TRI-STATE Leakage
VCC =5.5V
VOL
Output Low Voltage
VCC = 1.8 - 2.2V
G0, G1, G2, G4
VOH
0.15VCC
0.20VCC
0.9VCC
0.8VCC
V
V
V
V
65
350
µA
2
200
nA
0.8 mA sink
0.2VCC
V
G5
1.0 mA sink
0.2VCC
V
Output Low Voltage
VCC = 2.2V – 3.3V
G0, G1, G2, G4
3.0 mA sink
0.2VCC
V
G5
5.0 mA sink
0.2VCC
V
Output Low Voltage
VCC = 3.3V – 5.5V
G0, G1, G2, G4
5.0 mA sink
0.2VCC
V
G5
10.0 mA sink
0.2VCC
V
30
Output High Voltage
VCC = 1.8 - 2.2V
G0, G1, G2, G4
0.1 mA source
0.8VCC
V
G5
0.2 mA source
0.8VCC
V
Output High Voltage
VCC = 3.3V – 5.5V
G0, G1, G2, G4
0.4 mA source
0.8VCC
V
G5
0.8 mA source
0.8VCC
V
Output High Voltage
VCC = 3.3V – 5.5V
G0, G1, G2, G4
0.4 mA source
0.8VCC
V
G5
1.0 mA source
0.8VCC
V
3
ICC active current is dependent on the program code.
4
Based on a continuous IDLE looping program.
4
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ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
ACE1001(L) DC Electrical Characteristics
All measurements valid for ambient operating temperature unless otherwise stated.
Parameter
Conditions
MIN
TYP
MAX
Units
0.96
1.0
1.04
µs
Instruction cycle time from
internal clock - setpoint
5.0V at +25°C
Internal clock frequency
variation
2.4V to 5.5V at
constant temperature
-5
+5
%
2.4V to 5.5V at
full temperature range
-10
+10
%
Crystal oscillator frequency
(Note 5)
4
MHz
External clock frequency
(Note 5)
4
MHz
10
ms
EEPROM write time
3
Internal clock start up time
(Note 6)
2
ms
Oscillator start up time
(Note 6)
2400
cycles
5
The maximum permissible frequency is guaranteed by design but not 100% tested.
6
The parameter is guaranteed by design but not 100% tested.
ACE1001(L) Electrical Characteristics for programming
All data following is valid between 4.5V and 5.5V at ambient temperature. The following characteristics are guaranteed by design but are not 100% tested. See "EEPROM write time" in the AC
Electrical Characteristics for definition of the programming ready time.
Parameter
Description
MIN
MAX
Units
tHI
CLOCK high time
500
DC
ns
tLO
CLOCK low time
500
DC
ns
tDIS
SHIFT_IN setup time
100
ns
tDIH
SHIFT_IN hold time
100
ns
tDOS
SHIFT_OUT setup time
100
ns
tDOH
SHIFT_OUT hold time
900
ns
tSV1, tSV2
LOAD supervoltage timing
50
µs
tLOAD1, tLOAD2, tLOAD3, tLOAD4
LOAD timing
5
µs
VSUPERVOLTAGE
Supervoltage level
11.5
5
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ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
ACE1001(L) AC Electrical Characteristics
VCC = 1.8/2.2 to 5.5V
VCC = 1.8/2.2 to 5.5V
Parameter
LBD Voltage Threshold Variation
Conditions
MIN
TYP
MAX
Units
+25°C
-7
+7
%
0°C to +70°C
-12
+12
%
-40°C to +85°C
-16
+16
%
ACE1001 Brown-out Reset (BOR) Characteristics
VCC = 2.2 to 5.5V
Parameter
BOR Voltage Threshold
Variation (BLSEL = 1)
Conditions
MIN
TYP
MAX
Units
-40°C to +85°C
1.93
2.25
2.58
V
ACE1001L Brown-out Reset (BOR) Characteristics
VCC = 1.8 to 5.5V
Parameter
BOR Voltage Threshold
Variation (BLSEL = 0)
Conditions
MIN
TYP
MAX
Units
0°C to +70°C
1.76
1.95
2.20
V
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ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
ACE1001(L) Low Battery Detect (LBD) Characteristics
The graphs in this section are for design guidance and are based on preliminary test data.
Frequency (MHz)
Figure 4: RC Oscillator Frequency vs. Temperature
(a) VCC = 5.0V
2.600
2.400
2.200
2.000
1.800
1.600
1.400
1.200
1.000
Avg
Min
Max
3.3k/82pF
5.6k/100pF
6.8K/100pF
Resistor & Capacitor Values [k & pF]
(b)VCC=2.5V
Frequency (MHz)
1.600
1.400
Avg
Min
Max
1.200
1.000
0.800
0.600
3.3k/82pF
5.6k/100pF
6.8K/100pF
Resistor & Capacitor Values [k & pF]
Figure 5: Internal Oscillator Frequency
1.04
1.02
Frequency (MHz)
1.00
0.98
2.2V
2.4V
2.7V
3.3V
4.0V
4.5V
5.0V
5.5V
0.96
0.94
0.92
0.90
0.88
0.86
-45
-20
0
+25
+60
+85
+125
Temperature [°C]
7
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ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
3.0 AC & DC Electrical Characteristic Graphs
ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
Figure 6: LBD and BOR Threshold Levels
LBD Voltage Levels vs. Temperature
3.80
3.70
3.60
3.50
3.40
3.30
Voltage (V)
3.20
Level
Level
Level
Level
Level
Level
Level
Level
3.10
3.00
2.90
2.80
2.70
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2.60
2.50
2.40
2.30
2.20
2.10
2.00
-45
0
+25
+85
+125
Temperature [°C]
BOR Voltage Level vs. Temperature
2.6
2.5
2.4
Voltage (V)
2.3
2.2
BLSEL = 0
BLSEL = 1
2.1
2
1.9
1.8
1.7
-45
0
+25
+85
+125
Temperature [°C]
8
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ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
Figure 7: ICC Active Current
ICC Active (no data EEPROM writes) vs. Temperature
4.50
4.00
3.50
Current (mA)
3.00
1.8V
2.2V
2.7V
3.3V
5.0V
5.5V
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
-45
0
25
85
125
Temperature [°C]
ICC Active (data EEPROM writes) vs. Temperature
12.00
10.00
Current (mA)
8.00
1.8V
2.2V
2.7V
3.3V
5.0V
5.5V
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
-45
0
25
85
125
Temperature [°C]
9
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ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
Figure 8: HALT Mode Currents
HALT current vs. Temperature
5000.00
4500.00
4000.00
Current (nA)
3500.00
3000.00
1.8V
2.2V
2.7V
3.3V
5.0V
5.5V
2500.00
2000.00
1500.00
1000.00
500.00
0.00
-45
0
25
85
125
Temperature [°C]
Figure 9: IDLE Mode Current
IDLE current vs. Temperature
160.00
140.00
Current (µA)
120.00
100.00
1.8V
2.2V
2.7V
3.3V
5.0V
5.5V
80.00
60.00
40.00
20.00
0.00
-45
0
25
85
125
Temperature [°C]
10
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VOL vs. IOL (G0-G4 @ 25°C)
VOL vs. IOL (G5 @ 25°C)
0.80
1.40
0.70
1.20
0.60
Voltage (V)
Voltage (V)
1.00
0.50
1.8V
2.2V
2.7V
3.3V
3.6V
5.5V
0.40
0.30
1.8V
2.2V
2.7V
3.3V
3.6V
5.5V
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.20
0.10
0.00
0.00
0
0.5
1
2
5
8
15
0
0.5
1
2
5
8
15
Current (mA)
Current (mA)
VOH vs. IOH (G0-G4 @ 25°C)
VOH vs. IOH (G5 @ 25°C)
6.00
6.00
5.50
5.50
5.00
5.00
Voltage (V)
Voltage (V)
4.50
4.00
3.50
1.8V
2.2V
2.7V
3.3V
3.6V
5.5V
3.00
2.50
4.50
4.00
1.8V
2.2V
2.7V
3.3V
3.6V
5.5V
3.50
3.00
2.00
2.50
1.50
1.00
2.00
0.50
1.50
0.00
0
0.2
0.4
0.5
0.8
1
1.00
1.2
0
Current (mA)
0.4
0.5
0.8
1
1.2
Current (mA)
11
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ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
Figure 10: VOL/VOH
The ACEx microcontroller core is specifically designed for low
cost applications involving bit manipulation, shifting and arithmetic operations. It is based on a modified Harvard architecture
meaning peripheral, I/O, and RAM locations are addressed separately from instruction data.
4.1 CPU Registers
The ACEx microcontroller has five general-purpose registers.
These registers are the Accumulator (A), X-Pointer (X), Program
Counter (PC), Stack Pointer (SP), and Status Register (SR). The
X, SP, and SR registers are all memory-mapped.
The core differs from the traditional Harvard architecture by
aligning the data and instruction memory sequentially. This allows
Figure 11: Programming Model
7
A
0
8-bit accumulator register
X
10
0
11-bit X pointer register
PC
9
0
10-bit program counter
0
4-bit stack pointer
SP
SR
3
8-bit status register
R 0 0GZCHN
NEGATIVE flag
HALF CARRY flag (from bit 3)
CARRY flag (from MSB)
ZERO flag
GLOBAL Interrupt Mask
READY flag (from EEPROM)
12
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ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
the X-pointer (11-bits) to point to any memory location in either
segment of the memory map. This modification improves the
overall code efficiency of the core and takes advantage of the
flexibility found on Von Neumann style machines.
4.0 Arithmetic Controller Core
The X-Pointer register allows for an 11-bit indexing value to be
added to an 8-bit offset creating an effective address used for
reading and writing between the entire memory space. (Software
can only read from code EEPROM.) This provides software with
the flexibility of storing lookup tables in the code EEPROM
memory space for the core’s accessibility during normal operation.
When a subroutine is called by a jump to subroutine (JSR)
instruction, the address of the instruction is automatically pushed
onto the stack least significant byte first. When the subroutine is
finished, a return from subroutine (RET) instruction is executed.
The RET instruction pulls the previously stacked return address
from the stack and loads it into the program counter. Execution
then continues at the recovered return address.
The X register is divided into two sections. The 10 least significant
bits (LSB) of the register is the address of the program or data
memory space. The most significant bit (MSB) of the register is
write only and selects between the data (0x000 to 0x0FF) or
program (0xC00 to 0xFFF) memory space.
4.1.5 Status Register (SR)
Example: If Bit 10 = 0, then the LD A, [00,X] instruction will take a
value from address range 0x000 to 0x0FF and load it into A. If Bit
10 = 1, then the LD A, [00,X] instruction will take a value from
address range 0xC00 to 0xFFF and load it into A.
Carry/Borrow (C)
The Accumulator is a general-purpose 8-bit register that is used
to hold data and results of arithmetic calculations or data manipulations.
This 8-bit register contains four condition code indicators (C, H, Z,
and N), an interrupt masking bit (G), and an EEPROM write flag
(R). The condition code indicators are automatically updated by
most instructions. (See Table 10)
The carry flag is set if the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs a
carry or borrow during an arithmetic operation and by its dedicated
instructions. The rotate instruction operates with and through the
carry bit to facilitate multiple-word shift operations. The LDC and
INVC instructions facilitate direct bit manipulation using the carry
flag.
4.1.3 Program Counter (PC)
The 10-bit program counter register contains the address of the
next instruction to be executed. After a reset, if in normal mode the
program counter is initialized to 0xC00.
Half Carry (H)
4.1.4 Stack Pointer (SP)
The half carry flag indicates whether an overflow has taken place
on the boundary between the two nibbles in the accumulator. It is
primarily used for Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) arithmetic calculation.
The ACEx microcontroller has an automatic program stack with a
4-bit stack pointer. The stack can be initialized to any location
between addresses 0x30-0x3F. After a reset, the stack pointer is
defaulted to 0xF pointing to address 0x3F. Normally, the stack
pointer is initialized by one of the first instructions in an application
program.
Zero (Z)
The zero flag is set if the result of an arithmetic, logic, or data
manipulation operation is zero. Otherwise, it is cleared.
Interrupt Source with Priority
Figure 12: Basic Interrupt Structure
INTR
T1
T1PND
T0
T0PND
MIW
WKPND
Interrupt
Pending
Flags
Interrupt
T1EN
T0INT
EN
WKINT
EN
G
Global Interrupt
Enable
Interrupt Enable Bits
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ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
4.1.2 X-Pointer (X)
The stack is configured as a data structure which decrements from
high to low memory. Each time a new address is pushed onto the
stack, the core decrements the stack pointer by two. Each time an
address is pulled from the stack, the core increments the stack
pointer by two. At any given time, the stack pointer points to the
next free location in the stack.
4.1.1 Accumulator (A)
The negative flag is set if the MSB of the result from an arithmetic,
logic, or data manipulation operation is set to one. Otherwise, the
flag is cleared. A result is said to be negative if its MSB is a one.
In case of multiple interrupts occurring at the same time, the ACEx
microcontroller core has prioritized the interrupts. The interrupt
priority sequence in shown in Table 8.
Interrupt Mask (G)
The interrupt request mask (G) is a global mask that disables all
maskable interrupt sources. If the G Bit is cleared, interrupts can
become pending, but the operation of the core continues uninterrupted. However, if the G Bit is set an interrupt is recognized. After
any reset, the G bit is cleared by default and can only be set by a
software instruction. When an interrupt is recognized, the G bit is
cleared after the PC is stacked and the interrupt vector is fetched.
Once the interrupt is serviced, a return from interrupt instruction is
normally executed to restore the PC to the value that was present
before the interrupt occurred. The G bit is the reset to one after a
return from interrupt is executed. Although the G bit can be set
within an interrupt service routine, “nesting” interrupts in this way
should only be done when there is a clear understanding of latency
and of the arbitration mechanism.
4.3 Addressing Modes
The ACEx microcontroller has six addressing modes indexed,
direct, immediate, absolute jump, and relative jump.
Indexed
The instruction allows an 8-bit unsigned offset value to be added
to the 10-LSBs of the X-pointer yielding a new effective address.
This mode can be used to address any memory space (program
or data).
Direct
The instruction contains an 8-bit address field that directly points
to the data memory space as an operand.
4.2 Interrupt handling
Immediate
When an interrupt is recognized, the current instruction completes
its execution. The return address (the current value in the program
counter) is pushed onto the stack and execution continues at the
address specified by the unique interrupt vector (see Table 11).
This process takes five instruction cycles. At the end of the
interrupt service routine, a return from interrupt (RETI) instruction
is executed. The RETI instruction causes the saved address to be
pulled off the stack in reverse order. The G bit is set and instruction
execution resumes at the return address.
The instruction contains an 8-bit immediate field as an operand.
Inherent
This instruction has no operands associated with it.
Absolute
The instruction contains a 10-bit address that directly points to a
location in the program memory space. There are two operands
associated with this addressing mode. Each operand contains a
byte of an address. This mode is used only for the long jump (JMP)
and JSR instructions.
The ACEx microcontroller is capable of supporting four interrupts.
Three are maskable through the G bit of the SR and the fourth
(software interrupt) is not inhibited by the G bit (see Figure 12). The
software interrupt is generated by the execution of the INTR
instruction. Once the INTR instruction is executed, the ACEx core
will interrupt whether the G bit is set or not. The INTR interrupt is
executed in the same manner as the other maskable interrupts
where the program counter register is stacked and the G bit is
cleared. This means, if the G bit was enabled prior to the software
Relative
This mode is used for the short jump (JP) instructions where the
operand is a value relative to the current PC address. With this
instruction, software is limited to the number of bytes it can jump,
-31 or +32.
Table 8: Interrupt Priority Sequence
Priority (4 highest, 1 lowest)
Interrupt
4
MIW (EDGEI)
3
Timer0 (TMRI0)
2
Timer1 (TMRI1)
1
Software (INTR)
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ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
interrupt the RETI instruction must be used to return from interrupt
in order to restore the G bit to its previous state. However, if the
G bit was not enabled prior to the software interrupt the RET
instruction must be used.
Negative (N)
Instruction
Immediate
Direct
ADC
A, #
A, M
AND
A, #
A, M
SUBC
A, #
A, M
XOR
A, #
A, M
Indexed
Inherent
CLR
M
A
INC
M
A
X
DEC
M
A
X
IFEQ
A, #
IFGT
A, #
M,#
A, M
IFNE
A, #
A, M
Absolute
A, M
SC
no-op
RC
no-op
IFC
no-op
IFNC
no-op
INVC
no-op
LDC
#, M
STC
#, M
RLC
A
RRC
A
LD
Relative
A, M
A, [00,X]
ST
A, #
M, #
X, #
A, M
A, [00,X]
LD
M, M
NOP
no-op
IFBIT
#, M
SBIT
#, M
RBIT
#, M
JP
Rel
JSR
M
JMP
M
RET
no-op
RETI
no-op
INTR
no-op
15
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ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
Table 9: Instruction Addressing Modes
Mnemonic Operand Bytes Cycles
Flags
affected
Mnemonic Operand Bytes Cycles
ADC
A, #
2
2
C,H,Z,N
JP
ADC
A, M
2
2
C,H,Z,N
JSR
AND
A, #
2
2
Z,N
AND
A, M
2
2
Z,N
CLR
A
1
1
Z,N,C,H
CLR
M
2
1
Z,N,C,H
DEC
A
1
1
DEC
M
2
DEC
X
1
IFBIT
#, M
IFC
Flags
affected
1
1
None
M
3
5
None
LD
A, #
2
2
None
LD
A, [00,X]
2
3
None
LD
A, M
2
2
None
LD
M, #
3
3
None
Z,N
LD
M, M
3
3
None
2
Z,N
LD
X, #
3
3
None
1
Z
LDC
#, M
2
2
C
1
1
None
2
2
Z,N
2
2
None
NOP
1
1
None
RBIT
#, M
IFEQ
A, #
2
2
None
RC
1
1
C,H
IFEQ
A, M
2
2
None
RET
1
5
None
IFEQ
M, #
3
3
None
RETI
1
5
None
IFGT
A, #
2
2
None
RLC
A
1
1
C,Z,N
IFGT
A, M
2
2
None
RRC
A
1
1
C,Z,N
IFNE
A, #
2
2
None
SBIT
#, M
2
2
Z,N
IFNE
A, M
2
2
None
SC
1
1
C,H
1
1
None
ST
A, [00,X]
2
3
None
IFNC
INC
A
1
1
Z,N
ST
A, M
2
2
None
INC
M
2
2
Z,N
STC
#, M
2
2
Z,N
INC
X
1
1
Z
SUBC
A, #
2
2
C,H,Z,N
INTR
1
5
None
SUBC
A, M
2
2
C,H,Z,N
INVC
1
1
C
XOR
A, #
2
2
Z,N
3
4
None
XOR
A, M
2
2
Z,N
JMP
M
16
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ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
Table 10: Instruction Cycles and Bytes
All I/O ports, peripheral registers and core registers (except the accumulator and the program counter) are mapped into memory space.
Table 11: Memory Map
Address
Memory Space
Block
0x00 - 0x3F
Data
SRAM
0x40 - 0x7F
Data
EEPROM
Data EEPROM
0xAA
Data
Timer1
T1RA register
0xAC
Data
Timer1
TMR1 register
0xAE
Data
Timer1
T1CNTRL register
0xAF
Data
MIW
WKEDG register
0xB0
Data
MIW
WKPND register
0xB1
Data
MIW
WKEN register
0xB2
Data
I/O
PORTGD register
0xB3
Data
I/O
PORTGC register
0xB4
Data
I/O
PORTGP register
0xB5
Data
Timer0
WDSVR register
0xB6
Data
Timer0
T0CNTRL register
0xB7
Data
Clock
0xBB
Data
Init. Reg.
Initialization register 1
0xBC
Data
Init. Reg.
Initialization register 2
0xBD
Data
LBD
LBD register
0xBE
Data
Core
XHI register
0xBF
Data
Core
XLO register
0xC0
Data
Clock
Power mode clear (PMC) register
0xCE
Data
Core
SP register
0xCF
Data
Core
Status register (SR)
0xC00 - 0xFF5
Program
EEPROM
0xFF6 - 0xFF7
Program
Core
Timer0 Interrupt vector
0xFF8 - 0xFF9
Program
Core
Timer1 Interrupt vector
0xFFA - 0xFFB
Program
Core
MIW Interrupt vector
0xFFC - 0xFFD
Program
Core
Soft Interrupt vector
0xAB, 0xAD
Data RAM
Reserved
0xB8 - 0xBA
HALT mode register
Reserved
0xFFE - 0xFFF
Code EEPROM
Reserved
17
ACE1001 Product Family Rev. B.1
Contents
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ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
4.4 Memory Map
4.6 Initialization Registers
The ACEx microcontroller device has 64 bytes of SRAM and 64
bytes of EEPROM available for data storage. The device also has
1K bytes of EEPROM for program storage. Software can read and
write to SRAM and data EEPROM but can only read from the code
EEPROM. While in normal mode, the code EEPROM is protected
from any writes. The code EEPROM can only be rewritten when
the device is in program mode and if the write disable (WDIS) bit
of the initialization register is not set to 1.
The ACEx microcontroller has two 8-bit wide initialization registers. These registers are read from the memory space on powerup to initialize certain on-chip peripherals. Figure 13 provides a
detailed description of Initialization Register 1. The Initialization
Register 2 is used to trim the internal oscillator to its appropriate
frequency. This register is pre-programmed in the factory to yield
an internal instruction clock of 1MHz.
Both Initialization Registers 1 and 2 can be read from and written
to during programming mode. However, re-trimming the internal
oscillator (writing to the Initialization Register 2) once it has left the
factory is discouraged.
While in normal mode, the user can write to the data EEPROM
array by 1) polling the ready (R) flag of the SR, then 2) executing
the appropriate instruction. If the R flag is 1, the data EEPROM
block is ready to perform the next write. If the R flag is 0, the data
EEPROM is busy. The data EEPROM array will reset the R flag
after the completion of a write cycle. Attempts to read, write, or
enter HALT/IDLE mode while the data EEPROM is busy (R = 0)
can affect the current data being written.
Figure 13: Initialization Register 1
Bit 7
Bit 6
CMODE[0:1]
Bit 5
WDEN
Bit 4
Bit 3
BOREN
BLSEL
Bit 2
7
UBD
5,6
Bit 1
WDIS
Bit 0
5,6
RDIS 5,6
(0) RDIS 5,6
If set, disables attempts to read the contents from the EEPROMs while in programming mode
(1) WDIS 5,6
If set, disables attempts to write new contents to the EEPROMs while in programming mode
(2) UBD 5,6
If set, the device will not allow any writes to occur in the upper block of data EEPROM (0x60-0x7F)
(3) BLSEL 7
If set, the Brown-out Reset (BOR) voltage reference level is set to its higher range for the ACE1001
If not set, the BOR voltage reference level is set to its lower range for the ACE1001L
(4) BOREN
If set, allows a BOR to occur if VCC falls below the voltage reference level
(5) WDEN
If set, enables the on-chip processor watchdog circuit
(6) CMODE[1]
Clock mode select bit 1
(7) CMODE[0]
Clock mode select bit 0
5 If
both the WDIS and RDIS bits are set, the device will no longer be able to be placed into program mode.
6 If
the RDIS or UBD bits are not set while the WDIS bit is not set, then the RDIS and UBD bits can be reset.
7 The
BLSEL bit is set to its appropriate level in the factory. If writing to the initialization register is necessary, be sure to maintain bits set value.
18
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ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
4.5 Memory
Timer 1 is a versatile 8-bit timer. Its main function is to operate as
a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) generator that generates pulses
of a specified width and duty cycles.
Timer 1’s interrupt (TMRI1) can be enabled by the interrupt enable
(T1EN) bit in the T1CNTRL register. When the timer interrupt is
enabled, the source of the interrupt is a timer underflow. By
default, the timer register is reset to 0xFF and the auto-reload
register is reset to 0x00.
Timer 1 contains an 8-bit timer register (TMR1), an 8-bit autoreload register (T1RA), and an 8-bit control register (T1CNTRL).
All registers are memory-mapped for simple access through the
core. For the PWM signal generation the timer contains an output
(T1) that is multiplexed with the I/O pin G2.
5.1 Timer control bits
Reading and writing to the T1CNTRL register controls the timer’s
operation. By writing to the control bits, the user can enable or
disable the timer interrupts, set the mode of operation, start or stop
the timer, and select the clock. The T1CNTRL register bits are
described in Table 12.
The timer can be started or stopped through the T1CNTRL
register bit T1C0. When running, the timer counts down (decrements) every clock cycle. The timer’s clock has a pre-scalar and
is selectable through two T1CNTRL register bits T1PSC[1:0].
Depending on the selected operating mode, occurrences of timer
Table 12: TIMER1 Control Register Bits
T1CNTRL Register
Name
Function
Bit 7
-----------
Reserved
Bit 6
-----------
Reserved
Bit 5
T1C1
T1 toggle enable bit: 1 = T1 toggle enabled, 0 = T1 toggle
disabled
Bit 4
T1C0
TMR1 run: 1 = Start timer, 0 = Stop timer
Bit 3
T1PND
Bit 2
T1EN
Bit 1,0
T1PSC
Timer1 interrupt pending flag: 1 = Timer1 interrupt
pending, 0 = Timer1 interrupt not pending
Timer1 interrupt enable bit: 1 = Timer1 interrupt enabled,
0 = Timer1 interrupt disabled
Pre-scalar selection bits: Selects the 1MHz clock divider to be
by 1 (00b), 2 (01b), 4 (10b), or 8 (11b)
19
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ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
underflow (transitions from 0x00 to 0xFF or reload) can either
generate an interrupt and/or toggle the T1 output pin.
5.0 Timer 1
1. Configure T1 as an output by setting bit 2 of PORTGC.
- SBIT 2, PORTGC
; Configure G2 as an output
In the PWM mode, the timer counts down at the instruction clock
rate. When an underflow occurs, the timer register is reloaded from
T1RA and the count down proceeds from the loaded value. At every
underflow, a pending flag (T1PND) located in the T1CNTRL register is set. Software must then clear the T1PND flag and load the
T1RA register with an alternate PWM value. In addition, the timer
can be configured to toggle the T1 output bit upon underflow.
Configuring the timer to toggle T1 results in the generation of a
signal outputted from port G2 with the width and duty cycle
controlled by the values stored in the T1RA. A block diagram of the
timer’s PWM mode of operation is shown in Figure 14.
2. Initialize T1 to 1 (or 0) by setting (or clearing) bit 2 of
PORTGD.
- SBIT 2, PORTGD
; Set G2 high
3. Load the initial PWM high (low) time into the timer register.
- LD TMR1, #6FH
; High (Low) for .444ms
(1MHz/4 clock)
4. Load the PWM low (high) time into the T1RA register.
- LD T1RA, #2FH
; Low (High) for .188ms
(1MHz/4 clock)
5. Write the appropriate control value to the T1CNTRL
register to select PWM mode with T1 toggle, to select the
divide by 4 pre-scalar, and to clear the enable and pending
flags. (See Table 12)
- LD T1CNTRL, #22H
; Setting the T1C0 bit starts
the timer
The timer has one interrupt (TMRI1) that is maskable through the
T1EN bit of the T1CNTRL register. However, the core is only
interrupted if the T1EN bit and the G (Global Interrupt enable) bit of
the SR is set. If interrupts are enabled, the timer will generate an
interrupt each time T1PND flags is set (whenever the timer
underflows provided that the pending flag was cleared.) The
interrupt service routine is responsible for proper handling of the
T1PND flag and the T1EN bit.
6. Set te T1CO bit to start the timer.
- SBIT T1CP, T1CNTRL
; T1CO equals 4
7. After every underflow, load T1RA with alternate values. If
the user wishes to generate an interrupt on timer output
transitions, reset the pending flags and then enable the
interrupt using T1EN. The G bit must also be set. The
interrupt service routine must reset the pending flag and
perform whatever processing is desired.
- RBIT T1PND, T1CNTRL
; T1PND equals 3
- LD T1RA, #6FH
; Low for .444ms
(1MHz/4 clock)
The interrupt will be synchronous with every rising and falling edge
of the T1 output signal. Generating interrupts only on rising or falling
edges of T1 is achievable through appropriate handling of the T1EN
bit or T1PND flag through software.
The following steps show how to properly configure Timer 1 to
operate in the PWM mode. For this example, the T1 output signal is
toggled with every timer underflow and the “high” and “low” times for
the T1 output can be set to different values. The T1 output signal can
start out either high or low depending on the configuration of
I/O G2; the instructions below are for starting with the T1 output high.
Follow the instructions in parentheses to start the T1 output low.
Figure 14: Pulse Width Modulation Mode
Underflow
Interrupt
8-bit Auto-Reload
Register (T1RA)
Data
Latch
T1
Data
Bus
Instruction
Clock
÷8
3
÷4
2
÷2
1
8-bit Timer
(TMR1)
0
Sel
T1PSC[1:0]
20
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ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
5.2 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Mode
Timer 0 is a 12-bit free running idle timer. Upon power-up or any
reset, the timer is reset to 0x000 and then counts up continuously
based on the instruction clock of 1MHz (1 µs). Software cannot
read from or write to this timer. However, software can monitor the
timer’s pending (T0PND) bit that is set every 8192 cycles (initially
4096 cycles after a reset or after the watchdog has been- serviced). The T0PND flag is set every other time the timer overflows
(transitions from 0xFFF to 0x000). After an overflow, the timer will
reset and restart its counting sequence.
7.0 Watchdog
The Watchdog timer is used to reset the device and safely recover
in the rare event of a processor “runaway condition.” The 12-bit
Timer 0 is used as a pre-scalar for Watchdog timer. The Watchdog
timer must be serviced before every 61,440 cycles but no sooner
than 4096 cycles since the last Watchdog reset. The Watchdog is
serviced through software by writing the value 0x1B to the Watchdog Service (WDSVR) register (see Figure 16). The part resets
automatically if the Watchdog is serviced too frequent, or not
frequent enough.
Software can either poll the T0PND bit or vector to an interrupt
subroutine. In order to interrupt on a T0PND, software must be
sure to enable the Timer 0 interrupt enable (T0INTEN) bit in the
Timer 0 control (T0CNTRL) register and also make sure the G bit
is set in SR. Once the timer interrupt is serviced, software should
reset the T0PND bit before exiting the routine. Timer 0 supports
the following functions:
2. Start up delay from HALT mode
The Watchdog timer must be enabled through the Watchdog
enable bit (WDEN) in the initialization register. The WDEN bit can
only be set while the device is in programming mode. Once set, the
Watchdog will always be powered-up enabled. Software cannot
disable the Watchdog. The Watchdog timer can only be disabled
in programming mode by resetting the WDEN bit as long as the
memory write protect (WDIS) feature is not enabled.
3. Watchdog pre-scalar (See Section 7.0 for details.)
WARNING
The T0INTEN bit is a read/write bit. If set to 0, interrupt requests
from the Timer 0 are ignored. If set to 1, interrupt requests are
accepted. Upon reset, the T0INTEN bit is reset to 0.
Ensure that the Watchdog timer has been serviced before entering IDLE mode because it remains operational during this time.
1. Exiting from IDLE mode (See Section 16.0 for details.)
The T0PND bit is a read/write bit. If set to 1, it indicates that a Timer
0 interrupt is pending. This bit is set by a Timer 0 overflow and is
reset by software or system reset.
Figure 15: Timer 0 Control Register Definition (T0CNTRL)
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
WKINTEN
x
x
x
x
x
T0PND
T0EN
Figure 16: Watchdog Server Register (WDSVR)
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
21
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ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
The WKINTEN bit is used in the Multi-input Wakeup/Interrupt
block. See Section 8.0 for details.
6.0 Timer 0
6. Set the WKEN bits associated with the pins to be used, thus
enabling those pins for the Wakeup/Interrupt function.
- LD WKEN, #38H
; Enabling G3, G4, G5
The Multi-Input Wakeup (MIW)/Interrupt contains three memory-mapped
registers associated with this circuit: WKEDG (Wakeup Edge), WKEN
(Wakeup Enable), and WKPND (Wakeup Pending). Each register has
three bits with each bit corresponding to an input pins as shown in Figure
17. All three registers are initialized to zero upon reset.
Once the Multi-Input Wakeup/Interrupt function has been configured,
a transition sensed on any of the enabled pins will set the corresponding bit in the WKPND register. The WKPND bits can bring the device
out of the HALT/IDLE mode and can also trigger an interrupt if the
interrupt is enabled. The interrupt service routine can read the
WKPND register to determine which pin sensed the interrupt.
The WKEDG register establishes the edge sensitivity for each of
the wake-up input pin: either (0) rising edge or (1) falling edge.
The WKEN register enables (1) or disables (0) each of the port
pins for the Wakeup/Interrupt function. The wakeup I/Os used for
the Wakeup/Interrupt function must also be configured as an input
pin in its associated port configuration register. However, an
interrupt (EDGE1) of the core will not occur unless interrupts are
enabled for the block via bit 7 of the T0CNTRL register (see Figure
15) and the G (global interrupt enable) bit of the SR is set.
The interrupt service routine or other software should clear the
pending bit. The device will not enter HALT/IDLE mode as long as
a WKPND pending bit is pending and enabled. The user has the
responsibility of clearing the pending flags before attempting to
enter the HALT/IDLE mode.
Upon reset, the WKEDG register is configured to select positivegoing edge sensitivity for all wakeup inputs. If the user wishes to
change the edge sensitivity of a port pin, use the following procedure to avoid false triggering of a Wakeup/Interrupt condition.
The WKPND register contains the pending flags corresponding to
each of the port pins (1 for wakeup/interrupt pending, 0 for
wakeup/interrupt not pending).
1. Clear the WKEN bit associated with the pin to disable that pin.
To use the Multi-Input Wakeup/Interrupt circuit, perform the steps listed
below. Performing the steps in the order shown will prevent false
triggering of a Wakeup/Interrupt condition. This same procedure
should be used following any type of reset because the wakeup inputs
are left floating after resets resulting in unknown data on the port inputs.
2. Write the WKEDG register to select the new type of edge
sensitivity for the pin.
1. Clear the WKEN register.
- CLR WKEN
PORTG provides the user with three fully selectable, edge sensitive interrupts that are all vectored into the same service subroutine. The interrupt from PORTG shares logic with the wakeup
circuitry. The WKEN register allows interrupts from PORTG to be
individually enabled or disabled. The WKEDG register specifies
the trigger condition to be either a positive or a negative edge. The
WKPND register latches in the pending trigger conditions.
3. Clear the WKPND bit associated with the pin.
4. Set the WKEN bit associated with the pin to re-enable it.
2. If necessary, write to the port configuration register to select
the desired port pins to be configured as inputs.
- RBIT 4, PORTGC
; G3, G4, and/or G5
3. If necessary, write to the port data register to select the
desired port pins input state.
- SBIT 4, PORTGD
; Pull-up
Since PORTG is also used for exiting the device from the HALT/
IDLE mode, the user can elect to exit the HALT/IDLE mode either
with or without the interrupt enabled. If the user elects to disable
the interrupt, then the device restarts execution from the point at
which it was stopped (first instruction cycle of the instruction
following HALT/IDLE mode entrance instruction). In the other
case, the device finishes the instruction that was being executed
when the part was stopped and then branches to the interrupt
service routine. The device then reverts to normal operation.
4. Write the WKEDG register to select the desired type of edge
sensitivity for each of the pins used.
- LD WKEDG, #38H
; Falling edges
5. Clear the WKPND register to cancel any pending bits.
- CLR WKPND
Figure 17: MIW Register Bit Assignments
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
x
x
G5
G4
G3
x
x
x
Figure 18: Multi-input Wakeup (MIW) Block Diagram
Data Bus
5
3
WKEN[5:3]
G3
3
WKOUT
G4
4
EDGEI
G5
5
WKEDG[3:5]
8 WKINTEN:
4
WKPND[3:5]
WKINTEN 8
Bit 7 of T0CNTRL
22
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ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
8.0 Multi-Input Wakeup/Interrupt Block
I/O Port
(PORTGC), a port data register (PORTGD), and a port input
register (PORTGP). PORTGC is used to configure the pins as
inputs or outputs. A pin may be configured as an input by writing
a 0 or as an output by writing a 1 to its corresponding PORTGC bit.
If a pin is configured as an output, its PORTGD bit represents the
state of the pin (1 = logic high, 0 = logic low). If the pin is configured
as an input, its PORTGD bit selects whether the pin is a weak pullup or a high-impedence input. Table 13 provides details of the port
configuration options. The port configuration and data registers
are both read/writable. Reading PORTGP returns the value of the
port pins regardless of how the pins are configured. Since this
device supports multi-input wakeup/interrupt, the PORTG inputs
have Schmitt triggers.
The six I/O pins are bi-directional with the exception of G3 which
is always an input with weak pull-up (see Figure 19). The bidirectional I/O pins can be individually configured by software to
operate as high-impedance inputs, as inputs with weak pull-up, or
as push-pull outputs. The operating state is determined by the
contents of the corresponding bits in the data and configuration
registers. Each bi-directional I/O pin can be used for general
purpose I/O, or in some cases, for a specific alternate function
determined by the on-chip hardware.
9.1 I/O registers
The I/O pins (G0-G5) have three memory-mapped port registers
associated with the I/O circuitry: a port configuration register
Figure 19: PORTGD Logic Diagram
Weak Pull-up Control
PORTGC
PIN GX
PORTGD
PORTGP
Figure 20: I/O Register bit assignments
Bit 7
Bit 6
x
x
Bit 5
G5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
G4
G39
G2
G1
G0
Table 13: I/O configuration options
9
Configuration Bit
Data Bit
Port Pin Configuration
0
0
High-impedence input (TRI-STATE input)
0
1
Input with pull-up (weak one input)
1
0
Push-pull zero output
1
1
Push-pull one output
G3 is only an input.
23
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ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
9.0
The ACEx microcontroller supports in-circuit programming of the internal data EEPROM, code EEPROM, and the initialization registers.
0V phase (if the timing specifications in Figure 21 are obeyed).
The device will set the R bit of the Status register when the write
operation has completed. The external programmer must wait for
the SHIFT_OUT pin to go high before bringing the LOAD signal to
5V to initiate a normal command cycle.
An externally controlled four wire interface consisting of a LOAD
control pin (G3), a serial data SHIFT-IN input pin (G4), a serial data
SHIFT-OUT output pin (G2), and a CLOCK pin (G1) is used to
access the on-chip memory locations. Communication between the
ACEx microcontroller and the external programmer is made through
a 32-bit command and response word described in Table 14.
10.2 Read Sequence
When reading the device after a write, the external programmer must
set the LOAD signal to 5V before it sends the new command word.
Next, the 32-bit serial command word (for during a READ) should be
shifted into the device using the SHIFT_IN and the CLOCK signals
while the data from the previous command is serially shifted out on
the SHIFT_OUT pin. After the Read command has been shifted into
the device, the external programmer must, once again, set the LOAD
signal to 0V and apply two clock pulses as shown in Figure 21 to
complete READ cycle. Data from the selected memory location, will
be latched into the lower 8 bits of the command word shortly after the
second rising edge of the CLOCK signal.
The serial data timing for the four-wire interface is shown in Figure
22 and the programming protocol is shown in Figure 21.
10.1 Write Sequence
The external programmer brings the ACEx microcontroller into
programming mode by applying a super voltage level to the LOAD
pin. The external programmer then needs to set the LOAD pin to 5V
before shifting in the 32-bit serial command word using the SHIFT_IN
and CLOCK signals. By definition, bit 31 of the command word is
shifted in first. At the same time, the ACEx microcontroller shifts out
the 32-bit serial response to the last command on the SHIFT_OUT
pin. It is recommended that the external programmer samples this
signal tACCESS (1µs) after the rising edge of the CLOCK signal. The
serial response word, sent immediately after entering programming
mode, contains indeterminate data.
Writing a series of bytes to the device is achieved by sending a
series of Write command words while observing the devices
handshaking requirements.
Reading a series of bytes from the device is achieved by sending
a series of Read command words with the desired addresses in
sequence and reading the following response words to verify the
correct address and data contents.
After 32 bits have been shifted into the device, the external
programmer must set the LOAD signal to 0V, and then apply two
clock pulses as shown in Figure 21 to complete program cycle.
The SHIFT_OUT pin acts as the handshaking signal between the
device and programming hardware once the LOAD signal is
brought low. The device sets SHIFT_OUT low by the time the
programmer has sent the second rising edge during the LOAD =
The addresses of the data EEPROM and code EEPROM locations are the same as those used in normal operation.
Powering down the device will cause the part to exit programming
mode.
Table 14: 32-Bit Command and Response Word
Bit number
Input command word
Output response word
bits 31 – 30
Must be set to 0
X
bit 29
Set to 1 to read/write data EEPROM, or the
initialization registers, otherwise 0
X
bit 28
Set to 1 to read/write code EEPROM,
otherwise 0
X
bits 27 – 25
Must be set to 0
X
bit 24
Set to 1 to read, 0 to write
X
bits 23 – 18
Must be set to 0
X
bits 17 – 8
Address of the byte to be read or written
Same as Input command word
bits 7 – 0
Data to be programm ed or zero if data is to be read
Programmed data or data read at specified address
10 Application
11 During
Note reference: "How to In-Circuit Program the ACEx Family of Microcontrollers."
in-circuit programming, G5 must be either not connected or driven high.
24
ACE1001 Product Family Rev. B.1
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ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
10.0 In-circuit Programming Specification10,11
tSV1
tSV2
A
A
tload1 tload2
LOAD (G3)
enter prog.
mode
tready
tload3
tload4
32 clock pulses
CLOCK (G1)
SHIFT_IN (G4)
bit 31
bit 30
bit 0
bit 31
BUSY low by
2nd clock pulse
SHIFT_OUT (G2)
(in write mode)
READY
BUSY
SHIFT_OUT (G2)
(in read mode)
A: start of programming cycle
Figure 22: Serial Data Timing
tLO
tHI
CLOCK (G1)
tDIS
SHIFT_IN (G4)
tDIH
Valid
tDOS
tDOH
Valid
SHIFT_OUT (G2)
tACCESS
25
ACE1001 Product Family Rev. B.1
www.fairchildsemi.com
ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
Figure 21: Programming Protocol10
The Brown-out Reset (BOR) and Low Battery Detect (LBD)
circuits on the ACEx microcontroller have been designed to offer
two types of voltage reference comparators. The sections below
will describe the functionality of both circuits.
11.2 Low Battery Detect
The Low Battery Detect (LBD) circuit allows software to monitor
the VCC level at the lower voltage ranges. LBD has eight software
programmable voltage reference threshold levels ranging from
2.2V to 3.3V that can be changed on the fly. Once Vcc falls below
the selected threshold, the LBD flag in the LBD control register is
set. The LBD flag will hold its value until VCC rises above the
threshold. (See Figure 23)
11.1 Brown Out Reset
The Brown-out Reset (BOR) function is used to hold the device in
reset when VCC drops below a fixed threshold. While in reset, the
device is held in its initial condition until VCC rises above the
threshold value. Shortly after VCC rises above the threshold value,
an internal reset sequence is started. After the reset sequence, the
core fetches the first instruction and starts normal operation.
The LBD bit is read only. If LBD is 0, it indicates that the VCC level
is higher than the selected threshold. If LBD is 1, it indicates that
the VCC level is below the selected threshold. The threshold level
can be adjusted up to eight levels using the three trim bits
(Bat_trim[2:0]) of the LBD control register. The LBD flag does not
cause any hardware actions or an interruption of the processor. It
is for software monitoring only.
On the devices, the BOR should be used in situations when VCC
rises and falls slowly and in situations when VCC does not fall to zero
before rising back to operating range. The BOR can be thought of
as a supplement function to the Power-on Reset when VCC does not
fall below ~1.5V. The Power-on Reset circuit works best when VCC
starts from 0V and rises sharply. So in applications where VCC is not
constant, the BOR will give added device stability.
The LBD function is disabled during HALT/IDLE mode. After
exiting HALT/IDLE, software must wait at lease 10µs before
reading the LBD bit to ensure that the internal circuit has stabilized.
The BOR circuit must be enabled through the BOR enable bit (BOREN)
in the initialization register. The BOREN bit can only be set while the
device is in programming mode. Once set, the BOR will always be
Figure 23: LBD Control Register Definition
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
0
X
X
X
LBD
Bat_trim[2:0]
Bat_trim[2]
Bat_trim[1]
Bat_trim[0]
Voltage
Threshold
0
0
0
3.3
0
0
1
3.1
0
1
0
2.9
0
1
1
2.7
1
0
0
2.5
1
0
1
2.4
1
1
0
2.3
1
1
1
2.2
Figure 24: BOR/LBD Block Diagram
Vcc
1.8V
0
2.2V
1
S
_
to RESET logic
BOR
+
BLSEL12
_
Adjust Reference Voltage
LBD
+
7
12
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
LBD
Control
Register
See Figure 13 for information on BLSEL.
26
ACE1001 Product Family Rev. B.1
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ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
powered-up enabled. Software cannot disable the BOR. The BOR can
only be disabled in programming mode by resetting the BOREN bit as
long as the global write protect (WDIS) feature is not enabled.
11.0 Brown-out/Low Battery Detect Circuit
available in the ACE1101 and ACE1202 product families.)
When a RESET sequence is initiated, all I/O registers will be reset
setting all I/Os to high-impedence inputs. The system clock is
restarted after the required clock start-up delay. A reset is generated by any one of the following three conditions:
14.0 CLOCK
The ACEx microcontroller has an on-board oscillator trimmed to
a frequency of 2MHz who is divided down by two yielding a 1MHz
frequency.(See AC Electrical Characteristics.) Upon power-up,
the on-chip oscillator runs continuously unless entering HALT
mode or using an external clock source. (See Figure 26.)
• Power-on Reset (as described in Section 13.0)
• Brown-out Reset (as described in Section 11.1)
If required, an external oscillator circuit may be used depending on
the states of the CMODE bits of the initialization register. (See
Table 15) When the device is driven using an external clock, the
clock input to the device (G1/CKI) can range between DC to
4MHz. For external crystal configuration, the output clock (CKO)
is on the G0 pin. If an external crystal or RC is used, to yield the
corresponding instruction clock the input frequency is internally
divided down by four. If the device is configured for an external
square clock, it will not be divided.
• Watchdog Reset (as described in Section 7.0)
13.0 Power-On-Reset
The Power-On Reset (POR) circuit is guaranteed to work if the
rate of rise of VCC is no slower than 10ms/1volt. The POR circuit
was designed to respond to fast low to high transitions between 0V
and VCC. The circuit will not work if VCC does not drop to 0V before
the next power-up sequence. In applications where 1) the VCC rise
is slower than 10ms/1 volt or 2) VCC does not drop to 0v before the
next power-up sequence the external reset option should be used.
(The external reset option is not available in the ACE1001 but is
Table 15: CMODE[0:1] Bit Definition
CMODE[0]
CMODE[1]
Clock Type
0
0
Internal 1 MHz clock
1
0
External square clock
0
1
External crystal/resonator
1
1
External RC clock
Figure 25: BOR and POR Circuit Relationship Diagram (see AC Electrical Characteristics)
VCC (Pin 8)
BOR
output
VCC
1.75
VCC
0
VCC
0
Time
BOR Output
A
POR
output
External
Reset
Pin
(14-Pin Only)
VCC
5.0V
(Pin 7)
1.8V
0
VCC
POR
output 0
Global Reset
to Logic
B
The Reset circuit will trigger
when inputs A or B transition
from High to Low. At that time
the Global Reset signal will go
high which will reset all controller
logic. The Global Reset will go
high and stay high for around 1µs.
POR Output
Pulse
27
ACE1001 Product Family Rev. B.1
Reset
circuit
output
www.fairchildsemi.com
ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
12.0 RESET block
a)
b)
CKI
(G1)
CKO
(G0)
CKI
(G1)
CKO
(G0)
1M
R
VCC
C
33pF
33pF
15.0 HALT Mode
16.0 IDLE Mode
The HALT mode is a power saving feature that almost completely
shuts down the device for current conservation. The device is
placed into HALT mode by setting the HALT enable bit (EHALT)
of the HALT register through software using only the “LD M, #”
instruction. EHALT is a write only bit and is automatically cleared
upon exiting HALT. When entering HALT, the internal oscillator
and all the on-chip systems including the LBD and the BOR
circuits are shut down.
In addition to the HALT mode power saving feature, the device
also supports an IDLE mode operation. The device is placed into
IDLE mode by setting the IDLE enable bit (EIDLE) of the HALT
register through software using only the “LD M, #” instruction.
EIDLE is a write only bit and is automatically cleared upon exiting
IDLE. The IDLE mode operation is similar to HALT except the
internal oscillator, the Watchdog, and the Timer 0 remain active
while the other on-chip systems including the LBD and the BOR
circuits are shut down.
The device can exit HALT mode only by the MIW circuit. Therefore, prior to entering HALT mode, software must configure the
MIW circuit accordingly. (See Section 8.0) After a wakeup from
HALT, a 64 clock cycle start-up delay is initiated to allow the
internal oscillator to stabilize before normal execution resumes.
Immediately after exiting HALT, software must clear the Power
Mode Clear (PMC) register by only using the “LD M, #” instruction.
(See Figure 28)
The device can exit IDLE by a Timer 0 overflow every 8192 cycles
or/and by the MIW circuit. If exiting IDLE mode with the MIW, prior
to entering, software must configure the MIW circuit accordingly.
(See Section 8.0) Once a wake from IDLE mode is triggered, the
core will begin normal operation by the next clock cycle. Immediately after exiting IDLE mode, software must clear the Power
Mode Clear (PMC) register by using only the “LD M, #” instruction.
(See Figure 29)
Figure 27: HALT Register Definition
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
x
x
x
x
x
x
EIDLE
EHALT
Figure 28: Recommended HALT Flow
Figure 29: Recommended IDLE Flow
Normal Mode
Normal Mode
LD
LD HALT, #01h
HALT, #01H
Timer0
Overflow
IDLE Mode
Multi-Input
Wakeup
Multi-Input
Wakeup
Halt
LD
PMC, #00H
Resume Normal
Mode
LD PMC, #00h
Resume
Normal Mode
28
ACE1001 Product Family Rev. B.1
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ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
Figure 26: Crystal 9 (a) and RC (b) Oscillator Diagrams
Part Number
Core Type
0
1
2
Max. #
I/Os
8
Program
Memory Size
1K
2K
Operating Voltage Range
1.8 –
5.5V
Temperature Range
2.2 –5.5V
0 to
70°C
-40 to
+85C
-40 to
+125°C
Package
8-pin
SOIC
ACE1001M8
X
X
X
X
X
X
ACE1001M8X
X
X
X
X
X
X
ACE1001MT8
X
X
X
X
X
X
ACE1001MT8X
X
X
X
X
ACE1001EM8
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
ACE1001EM8X
X
X
X
X
X
ACE1001EMT8
X
X
X
X
X
X
8-pin
TSSOP
X
X
X
X
ACE1001LM8
X
X
X
X
X
X
ACE1001LM8X
X
X
X
X
X
X
ACE1001LMT8
X
X
X
X
X
X
ACE1001LMT8X
X
X
X
X
X
X
ACE1001 Product Family Rev. B.1
X
X
ACE1001EMT8X
29
Tape
and
Reel
X
X
X
X
X
www.fairchildsemi.com
ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
Ordering Information
0.189 - 0.197
(4.800 - 5.004)
8 7 6 5
0.228 - 0.244
(5.791 - 6.198)
1 2 3 4
Lead #1
IDENT
0.010 - 0.020
x 45¡
(0.254 - 0.508)
0.0075 - 0.0098
(0.190 - 0.249)
Typ. All Leads
0.150 - 0.157
(3.810 - 3.988)
0.053 - 0.069
(1.346 - 1.753)
8¡ Max, Typ.
All leads
0.004
(0.102)
All lead tips
0.004 - 0.010
(0.102 - 0.254)
Seating
Plane
0.014
(0.356)
0.016 - 0.050
(0.406 - 1.270)
Typ. All Leads
0.050
(1.270)
Typ
0.014 - 0.020 Typ.
(0.356 - 0.508)
Molded Small Out-Line Package (M8)
Order Number ACE1001M8/ACE1001EM8/ACE1001LM8
Package Number M08A
30
ACE1001 Product Family Rev. B.1
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ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
0.114 - 0.122
(2.90 - 3.10)
8
5
(4.16) Typ (7.72) Typ
0.169 - 0.177
(4.30 - 4.50)
0.246 - 0.256
(6.25 - 6.5)
(1.78) Typ
(0.42) Typ
0.123 - 0.128
(3.13 - 3.30)
(0.65) Typ
1
Land pattern recommendation
4
Pin #1 IDENT
0.0433
Max
(1.1)
0.0256 (0.65)
Typ.
0.0035 - 0.0079
See detail A
0.002 - 0.006
(0.05 - 0.15)
0.0075 - 0.0118
(0.19 - 0.30)
Gage
plane
0°-8°
DETAIL A
Typ. Scale: 40X
0.020 - 0.028
(0.50 - 0.70)
Seating
plane
0.0075 - 0.0098
(0.19 - 0.25)
Notes: Unless otherwise specified
1. Reference JEDEC registration MO153. Variation AA. Dated 7/93
8-Pin Molded TSSOP (MT8)
Order Number ACE1001MT8/ACE1001EMT8/ACE1001LMT8
Package Number MTC08
31
ACE1001 Product Family Rev. B.1
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ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
ACEx Emulator Kit: Fairchild also offers a low cost real-time incircuit emulator kit that includes:
General Information
Emulator board
Emulator software
Assembler and Manuals
Power supply
DIP14 target cable
PC cable
Fairchild Semiconductor offers different possibilities to evaluate
and emulate software written for ACEx.
Simulator: Is a Windows program able to load, assemble, and
debug ACEx programs. It is possible to place as many breakpoints
as needed, trace the program execution in symbolic format, and
program a device with the proper options. The ACEx Simulator is
available free-of-charge and can be downloaded from Fairchild’s
web site at www.fairchildsemi.com/products/micro
The ACEx emulator allows for debugging the program code in a
symbolic format. It is possible to place one breakpoint and watch
various data locations. It also has built-in programming capability.
Prototype Board Kits: Fairchild offer two solutions for the simplification of the breadboard operation so that ACEx Applications
can be quickly tested.
1) ACEDEMO is can be used for general purpose applications
2) ACETXRX for transmitting / receiving (RF, IR, RS232,
RS485) applications.
ACEDEMO has 8 switches, 8 LEDs, RS232 voltage translator,
buzzer, and a lamp with a small breadboard area.
Ordering P/Ns
Programming Adapters:
DIP8 - ACEADAPTN
DIP14 - ACEADAPTN14
TSSOP8 - ACEADAPTMT8
SO8 - ACEADAPTM8
SO14 - ACEADAPTM
Emulator Kit:
ACEICE (110Vac)
ACEICEEU (220Vac)
Prototype Boards:
ACEDEMO
ACETXRX (315MHz)
ACETXRXEU (433MHz)
Life Support Policy
Fairchild's products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express written
approval of the President of Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation. As used herein:
1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which,
(a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support
or sustain life, and whose failure to perform, when properly
used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the
labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant
injury to the user.
Fairchild Semiconductor
Americas
Customer Response Center
Tel. 1-888-522-5372
2. A critical component is any component of a life support device
or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system,
or to affect its safety or effectiveness.
Fairchild Semiconductor
Europe
Fax:
+44 (0) 1793-856858
Deutsch
Tel:
+49 (0) 8141-6102-0
English
Tel:
+44 (0) 1793-856856
Français
Tel:
+33 (0) 1-6930-3696
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Tel:
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68 Mody Road, Tsimshatsui East
Kowloon. Hong Kong
Tel; +852-2722-8338
Fax: +852-2722-8383
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Japan Ltd.
4F, Natsume Bldg.
2-18-6, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku
Tokyo, 113-0034 Japan
Tel: 81-3-3818-8840
Fax: 81-3-3818-8841
Fairchild does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and Fairchild reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.
32
ACE1001 Product Family Rev. B.1
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ACE1001 Product Family Arithmetic Controller Engine (ACEx™) for Low Power Applications
ACEx Development Tools