4 × 12-Bit and 4 × 16-Bit Octal DAC with On-Chip Reference in 14-Lead TSSOP AD5678 Low power octal DAC with Four 16-bit DACs Four 12-bit DACs 14-lead/16-lead TSSOP On-chip 1.25 V/2.5 V, 5 ppm/°C reference Power down to 400 nA @ 5 V, 200 nA @ 3 V 2.7 V to 5.5 V power supply Guaranteed monotonic by design Power-on reset to zero scale 3 power-down functions Hardware LDAC and LDAC override function CLR function to programmable code Rail-to-rail operation FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM VREFIN/VREFOUT VDD AD5678 1.25V/2.5V REF LDAC INPUT REGISTER INPUT REGISTER INPUT REGISTER SCLK INTERFACE LOGIC SYNC INPUT REGISTER INPUT REGISTER DIN DAC REGISTER DAC REGISTER DAC REGISTER DAC REGISTER DAC REGISTER STRING DAC C STRING DAC D STRING DAC E DAC REGISTER STRING DAC F INPUT REGISTER DAC REGISTER STRING DAC G INPUT REGISTER DAC REGISTER STRING DAC H BUFFER VOUTA BUFFER VOUTB BUFFER VOUTC BUFFER VOUTD BUFFER VOUTE BUFFER VOUTF BUFFER VOUTG BUFFER VOUTH POWER-DOWN LOGIC GND LDAC1 CLR1 1RU-16 STRING DAC B INPUT REGISTER POWER-ON RESET APPLICATIONS STRING DAC A PACKAGE ONLY 05299-001 FEATURES Figure 1. Process control Data acquisition systems Portable battery-powered instruments Digital gain and offset adjustment Programmable voltage current sources Programmable attenuators GENERAL DESCRIPTION The AD5678 is a low power, octal, buffered voltage-output DAC with four 12-bit DACs and four 16-bit DACs in a single package. All devices operate from a single 2.7 V to 5.5 V supply and are guaranteed monotonic by design. The AD5678 has an on-chip reference with an internal gain of 2. The AD5678-1 has a 1.25 V 5 ppm/°C reference, giving a fullscale output of 2.5 V; the AD5678-2 has a 2.5 V 5 ppm/°C reference, giving a full-scale output of 5 V. The on-board reference is off at power-up, allowing the use of an external reference. The internal reference is enabled via a software write. The part incorporates a power-on reset circuit that ensures that the DAC output powers up to 0 V and remains powered up at this level until a valid write takes place. The part contains a power-down feature that reduces the current consumption of the device to 400 nA at 5 V and provides software-selectable output loads while in power-down mode for any or all DAC channels. The outputs of all DACs can be updated simultaneously using the LDAC function, with the added functionality of userselectable DAC channels to simultaneously update. There is also an asynchronous CLR that clears all DACs to a softwareselectable code—0 V, midscale, or full scale. The AD5678 utilizes a versatile 3-wire serial interface that operates at clock rates of up to 50 MHz and is compatible with standard SPI®, QSPI™, MICROWIRE™, and DSP interface standards. The on-chip precision output amplifier enables railto-rail output swing. PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Octal DAC (four 12-bit DACs and four 16-bit DACs). On-chip 1.25 V/2.5 V, 5 ppm/°C reference. Available in 14-lead/16-lead TSSOP. Power-on reset to 0 V. Power-down capability. When powered down, the DAC typically consumes 200 nA at 3 V and 400 nA at 5 V. Rev. A Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781.461.3113 © 2005 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. AD5678 TABLE OF CONTENTS Features .............................................................................................. 1 D/A Section................................................................................. 20 Applications....................................................................................... 1 Resistor String............................................................................. 20 Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1 Internal Reference ...................................................................... 20 General Description ......................................................................... 1 Output Amplifier........................................................................ 21 Product Highlights ........................................................................... 1 Serial Interface ............................................................................ 21 Revision History ............................................................................... 2 Input Shift Register .................................................................... 22 Specifications..................................................................................... 3 SYNC Interrupt .......................................................................... 22 AC Characteristics........................................................................ 7 Internal Reference Register....................................................... 23 Timing Characteristics ................................................................ 8 Power-On Reset.......................................................................... 23 Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 9 Power-Down Modes .................................................................. 23 ESD Caution.................................................................................. 9 Clear Code Register ................................................................... 23 Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions........................... 10 LDAC Function .......................................................................... 25 Typical Performance Characteristics ........................................... 11 Power Supply Bypassing and Grounding................................ 25 Terminology .................................................................................... 18 Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 26 Theory of Operation ...................................................................... 20 Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 26 REVISION HISTORY 11/05—Rev. 0 to Rev. A Change to General Description ...................................................... 1 Change to Specifications.................................................................. 3 Replaced Figure 48 ......................................................................... 22 Change to the Power-Down Modes Section ............................... 23 10/05—Revision 0: Initial Version Rev. A | Page 2 of 28 AD5678 SPECIFICATIONS VDD = 4.5 V to 5.5 V, RL = 2 kΩ to GND, CL = 200 pF to GND, VREFIN = VDD. All specifications TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Table 1. Parameter STATIC PERFORMANCE 2 AD5678 (DAC C, D, E, F) Resolution Relative Accuracy Differential Nonlinearity AD5678 (DAC A, B, G, H) Resolution Relative Accuracy Differential Nonlinearity Zero-Code Error Zero-Code Error Drift Full-Scale Error Gain Error Gain Temperature Coefficient Offset Error DC Power Supply Rejection Ratio DC Crosstalk (External Reference) A Grade 1 Min Typ Max B Grade1 Min Typ Max 12 12 DC Output Impedance Short-Circuit Current Power-Up Time REFERENCE INPUTS Reference Input Voltage Reference Current Reference Input Range Reference Input Impedance REFERENCE OUTPUT Output Voltage AD5678-2 Reference TC3 Reference Output Impedance LOGIC INPUTS3 Input Current Input Low Voltage, VINL Input High Voltage, VINH Pin Capacitance ±2 ±0.25 ±8 ±32 ±1 9 16 ±0.5 ±1 ±0.25 ±8 ±16 ±1 9 16 1 ±2 −0.2 1 ±2 −0.2 −1 ±1 ±2.5 ±1 –80 DC Crosstalk (Internal Reference) OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS 3 Output Voltage Range Capacitive Load Stability ±0.5 −1 ±1 ±2.5 ±9 ±1 –80 ±9 Unit Bits LSB LSB Bits LSB LSB mV μV/°C % FSR % FSR ppm mV dB 10 10 μV 5 10 25 5 10 25 μV/mA μV μV 10 10 μV/mA 0 VDD 0 VDD 2 10 0.5 30 4 VDD 35 0 2 10 0.5 30 4 45 VDD VDD 35 0 14.6 2.495 ±5 7.5 14.6 2.505 ±10 2.495 ±5 7.5 ±3 0.8 2 45 VDD V μA V kΩ See Figure 11 Guaranteed monotonic by design (see Figure 12) See Figure 5 Guaranteed monotonic by design (see Figure 6) All 0s loaded to DAC register (see Figure 17) All 1s loaded to DAC register (see Figure 18) Of FSR/°C VDD ± 10% Due to full-scale output change, RL = 2 kΩ to GND or VDD Due to load current change Due to powering down (per channel) Due to full-scale output change, RL = 2 kΩ to GND or VDD Due to load current change RL = ∞ RL = 2 kΩ VDD = 5 V Coming out of power-down mode; VDD = 5 V ±1% for specified performance VREF = VDD = 5.5 V (per DAC channel) Per DAC channel 2.505 ±10 V ppm/°C kΩ At ambient ±3 0.8 μA V V pF All digital inputs VDD = 5 V VDD = 5 V 2 3 V nF nF Ω mA μs Conditions/Comments 3 Rev. A | Page 3 of 28 AD5678 Parameter POWER REQUIREMENTS VDD IDD (Normal Mode) 4 VDD = 4.5 V to 5.5 V VDD = 4.5 V to 5.5 V IDD (All Power-Down Modes) 5 VDD = 4.5 V to 5.5 V A Grade 1 Min Typ Max B Grade1 Min Typ Max Unit Conditions/Comments 4.5 4.5 5.5 V 5.5 1.3 2 1.8 2.5 1.3 2 1.8 2.5 mA mA All digital inputs at 0 or VDD, DAC active, excludes load current VIH = VDD and VIL = GND Internal reference off Internal reference on 0.4 1 0.4 1 μA VIH = VDD and VIL = GND 1 Temperature range is −40°C to +105°C, typical at 25°C. Linearity calculated using a reduced code range of AD5678 12-bit DACs (Code 32 to Code 4,064) and AD5678 16-bit DACs (Code 512 to Code 65,024). Output unloaded. 3 Guaranteed by design and characterization; not production tested. 4 Interface inactive. All DACs active. DAC outputs unloaded. 5 All eight DACs powered down. 2 Rev. A | Page 4 of 28 AD5678 VDD = 2.7 V to 3.6 V, RL = 2 kΩ to GND, CL = 200 pF to GND, VREFIN = VDD. All specifications TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Table 2. Parameter STATIC PERFORMANCE 2 AD5678 (DAC C, D, E, F) Resolution Relative Accuracy Differential Nonlinearity AD5678 (DAC A, B, G, H) Resolution Relative Accuracy Differential Nonlinearity Zero-Code Error Zero-Code Error Drift Full-Scale Error Gain Error Gain Temperature Coefficient Offset Error Offset Temperature Coefficient DC Power Supply Rejection Ratio DC Crosstalk (External Reference) A Grade 1 Min Typ Max B Grade1 Min Typ Max 12 12 ±0.5 16 DC Output Impedance Short-Circuit Current Power-Up Time REFERENCE INPUTS Reference Input Voltage Reference Current Reference Input Range Reference Input Impedance REFERENCE OUTPUT Output Voltage AD5678-1 Reference TC3 Reference Output Impedance ±0.5 ±1 ±1 16 1 ±2 −0.2 ±2.5 ±1 1.7 –80 DC Crosstalk (Internal Reference) OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS 3 Output Voltage Range Capacitive Load Stability ±2 ±1 ±32 ±1 9 1 ±2 −0.2 −1 ±1 ±2.5 ±1 1.7 –80 ±9 ±16 ±1 9 −1 ±1 ±9 Unit Bits LSB LSB Bits LSB LSB mV μV/°C % FSR % FSR ppm mV μV/°C dB 10 10 μV 4.5 10 25 4.5 10 25 μV/mA μV μV 4.5 4.5 μV/mA 0 VDD 0 VDD 2 10 0.5 30 4 VDD 20 0 2 10 0.5 30 4 20 VDD VDD 20 0 14.6 1.247 ±5 7.5 20 VDD 14.6 1.253 ±15 1.247 ±5 7.5 1.253 ±15 Rev. A | Page 5 of 28 V nF nF Ω mA μs V μA V kΩ V ppm/°C kΩ Conditions/Comments See Figure 11 Guaranteed monotonic by design (see Figure 12) See Figure 5 Guaranteed monotonic by design (See Figure 6) All 0s loaded to DAC register (See Figure 17) All 1s loaded to DAC register (See Figure 18) Of FSR/°C VDD ± 10% Due to full-scale output change, RL = 2 kΩ to GND or VDD Due to load current change Due to powering down (per channel) Due to full-scale output change, RL = 2 kΩ to GND or VDD Due to load current change RL = ∞ RL = 2 kΩ VDD = 3 V Coming out of power-down mode; VDD = 3 V ±1% for specified performance VREF = VDD = 3.6 V (per DAC channel) Per DAC channel At ambient AD5678 Parameter LOGIC INPUTS3 Input Current Input Low Voltage, VINL Input High Voltage, VINH Pin Capacitance POWER REQUIREMENTS VDD IDD (Normal Mode) 4 VDD = 2.7 V to 3.6 V VDD = 2.7 V to 3.6 V IDD (All Power-Down Modes) 5 VDD = 2.7 V to 3.6 V A Grade 1 Min Typ Max B Grade1 Min Typ Max ±3 0.8 2 Unit Conditions/Comments ±3 0.8 μA V V pF All digital inputs VDD = 3 V VDD = 3 V 3.6 V 2 3 2.7 3 3.6 2.7 1.2 1.7 1.5 2.25 1.2 1.7 1.5 2.25 mA mA All digital inputs at 0 or VDD, DAC active, excludes load current VIH = VDD and VIL = GND Internal reference off Internal reference on 0.2 1 0.2 1 μA VIH = VDD and VIL = GND 1 Temperature range is −40°C to +105°C, typical at 25°C. Linearity calculated using a reduced code range of AD5678 12-bit DACs (Code 32 to Code 4,064) and AD5678 16-bit DACs (Code 512 to Code 65,024). Output unloaded. 3 Guaranteed by design and characterization; not production tested. 4 Interface inactive. All DACs active. DAC outputs unloaded. 5 All eight DACs powered down. 2 Rev. A | Page 6 of 28 AD5678 AC CHARACTERISTICS VDD = 2.7 V to 5.5 V, RL = 2 kΩ to GND, CL = 200 pF to GND, VREFIN = VDD. All specifications TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Table 3. Parameter 1, 2 Output Voltage Settling Time Slew Rate Digital-to-Analog Glitch Impulse Digital Feedthrough Reference Feedthrough Digital Crosstalk Analog Crosstalk DAC-to-DAC Crosstalk Multiplying Bandwidth Total Harmonic Distortion Output Noise Spectral Density Output Noise Min Typ 6 1.5 4 0.1 −90 0.5 2.5 3 340 −80 120 100 15 Max 10 Unit μs V/μs nV-s nV-s dB nV-s nV-s nV-s kHz dB nV/√Hz nV/√Hz μV p-p Conditions/Comments 3 ¼ to ¾ scale settling to ±2 LSB 1 LSB change around major carry (see Figure 34) VREF = 2 V ± 0.1 V p-p, frequency = 10 Hz to 20 MHz VREF = 2 V ± 0.2 V p-p VREF = 2 V ± 0.1 V p-p, frequency = 10 kHz DAC code = 0x8400, 1 kHz DAC code = 0x8400, 10 kHz 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz 1 Guaranteed by design and characterization; not production tested. See the Terminology section. 3 Temperature range is −40°C to +105°C, typical at 25°C. 2 Rev. A | Page 7 of 28 AD5678 TIMING CHARACTERISTICS All input signals are specified with tr = tf = 1 ns/V (10% to 90% of VDD) and timed from a voltage level of (VIL + VIH)/2. See Figure 2. VDD = 2.7 V to 5.5 V. All specifications TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Table 4. Limit at TMIN, TMAX VDD = 2.7 V to 5.5 V 20 8 8 13 4 4 0 15 13 0 10 15 5 0 300 Parameter t1 1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 t9 t10 t11 t12 t13 t14 t15 Conditions/Comments SCLK cycle time SCLK high time SCLK low time SYNC to SCLK falling edge set-up time Data set-up time Data hold time SCLK falling edge to SYNC rising edge Minimum SYNC high time SYNC rising edge to SCLK fall ignore SCLK falling edge to SYNC fall ignore LDAC pulse width low SCLK falling edge to LDAC rising edge CLR pulse width low SCLK falling edge to LDAC falling edge CLR pulse activation time Maximum SCLK frequency is 50 MHz at VDD = 2.7 V to 5.5 V. Guaranteed by design and characterization; not production tested. t10 t1 t9 SCLK t8 t3 t4 t2 t7 SYNC t5 DIN t6 DB31 DB0 t14 t11 LDAC1 t12 LDAC2 CLR VOUT t13 t15 05299-002 1 Unit ns min ns min ns min ns min ns min ns min ns min ns min ns min ns min ns min ns min ns min ns min ns typ 1ASYNCHRONOUS LDAC UPDATE MODE. 2SYNCHRONOUS LDAC UPDATE MODE. Figure 2. Serial Write Operation Rev. A | Page 8 of 28 AD5678 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. Table 5. Parameter VDD to GND Digital Input Voltage to GND VREFIN/VREFOUT to GND Operating Temperature Range Industrial (B Version) Storage Temperature Range Junction Temperature (TJ MAX) TSSOP Package Power Dissipation θJA Thermal Impedance Lead Temperature, Soldering SnPb Pb Free Rating −0.3 V to +7 V −0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V −0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V −40°C to +105°C −65°C to +150°C +150°C Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. (TJ MAX − TA)/θJA 150.4°C/W 240°C 260°C ESD CAUTION ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although this product features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality. Rev. A | Page 9 of 28 AD5678 LDAC 1 16 SCLK SYNC 2 15 DIN AD5678 14 GND TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) 13 VOUTB 12 VOUTD SYNC 1 14 SCLK VDD 2 13 DIN VDD VOUTA 3 AD5678 12 GND VOUTA 4 VOUTC 4 TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) 11 VOUTB VOUTC 5 3 5 10 VOUTD VOUTE 6 11 VOUTF 6 9 VOUTF VOUTG 7 10 VOUTH VREFIN/VREFOUT 7 8 VOUTH VREFIN/VREFOUT 8 9 05299-003 VOUTE VOUTG Figure 3. 14-Lead TSSOP (RU-14) CLR 05299-004 PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS Figure 4. 16-Lead TSSOP (RU-16) Table 6. Pin Function Descriptions Pin No. 14-Lead 16-Lead TSSOP TSSOP Mnemonic Description – 1 LDAC 1 2 SYNC 2 3 VDD 3 11 4 10 7 4 13 5 12 8 VOUTA VOUTB VOUTC VOUTD VREFIN/VREFOUT – 9 CLR 5 9 6 8 12 13 6 11 7 10 14 15 VOUTE VOUTF VOUTG VOUTH GND DIN 14 16 SCLK Pulsing this pin low allows any or all DAC registers to be updated if the input registers have new data. This allows all DAC outputs to simultaneously update. Alternatively, this pin can be tied permanently low. Active Low Control Input. This is the frame synchronization signal for the input data. When SYNC goes low, it powers on the SCLK and DIN buffers and enables the input shift register. Data is transferred in on the falling edges of the next 32 clocks. If SYNC is taken high before the 32nd falling edge, the rising edge of SYNC acts as an interrupt and the write sequence is ignored by the device. Power Supply Input. These parts can be operated from 2.7 V to 5.5 V, and the supply should be decoupled with a 10 μF capacitor in parallel with a 0.1 μF capacitor to GND. Analog Output Voltage from DAC A. The output amplifier has rail-to-rail operation. Analog Output Voltage from DAC B. The output amplifier has rail-to-rail operation. Analog Output Voltage from DAC C. The output amplifier has rail-to-rail operation. Analog Output Voltage from DAC D. The output amplifier has rail-to-rail operation. The AD5678 has a common pin for reference input and reference output. When using the internal reference, this is the reference output pin. When using an external reference, this is the reference input pin. The default for this pin is as a reference input. Asynchronous Clear Input. The CLR input is falling edge sensitive. When CLR is low, all LDAC pulses are ignored. When CLR is activated, the input register and the DAC register are updated with the data contained in the CLR code register—zero, midscale, or full scale. Default setting clears the output to 0 V. Analog Output Voltage from DAC E. The output amplifier has rail-to-rail operation. Analog Output Voltage from DAC F. The output amplifier has rail-to-rail operation. Analog Output Voltage from DAC G. The output amplifier has rail-to-rail operation. Analog Output Voltage from DAC H. The output amplifier has rail-to-rail operation. Ground Reference Point for All Circuitry on the Part. Serial Data Input. This device has a 32-bit shift register. Data is clocked into the register on the falling edge of the serial clock input. Serial Clock Input. Data is clocked into the input shift register on the falling edge of the serial clock input. Data can be transferred at rates of up to 50 MHz. Rev. A | Page 10 of 28 AD5678 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS 1.0 10 VDD = VREF = 5V TA = 25°C 8 0.6 DNL ERROR (LSB) 6 2 0 –2 –4 0.4 0.2 0 –0.2 –0.4 –0.8 05299-011 60000 65000 65000 55000 60000 50000 45000 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 –1.0 5k 10k 15k 20k 25k 30k 35k 40k 45k 50k 55k 60k 65k CODE 10000 0 0 –8 05299-014 –0.6 –6 5000 INL ERROR (LSB) 4 –10 VDD = 5V VREFOUT = 2.5V TA = 25°C 0.8 CODE Figure 8. DNL 16-Bit DAC, 2.5 V Internal Reference Figure 5. INL—16-Bit DAC 10 1.0 0.8 6 INL ERROR (LSB) 0.4 0.2 0 –0.2 2 0 –2 –4 –0.4 05299-015 –6 –0.6 VDD = 5V VREFOUT = 2.5V TA = 25°C 4 2 0 –2 –4 05299-013 –6 –8 65000 60000 55000 50000 45000 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 0 –10 5000 55000 50000 Figure 9. INL—16-Bit DAC, 1.25 V Internal Reference 10 6 45000 CODE Figure 6. DNL—16-Bit DAC 8 40000 60k 35000 50k 30000 40k 25000 30k CODE 20000 20k 15000 10k 10000 0 –10 0 05299-012 –8 –0.8 INL ERROR (LSB) 4 5000 DNL ERROR (LSB) 0.6 –1.0 VDD = 3V VREFOUT = 1.25V TA = 25°C 8 VDD = VREF = 5V TA = 25°C CODE Figure 7. INL—16-Bit DAC, 2.5 V Internal Reference Rev. A | Page 11 of 28 AD5678 1.0 1.0 VDD = 3V VREFOUT = 1.25V TA = 25°C 0.8 0.6 0.4 INL ERROR (LSB) 0.2 0 –0.2 –0.4 0.4 0.2 0 –0.2 –0.4 –0.6 05299-016 –0.6 –0.8 –0.8 –1.0 65000 60000 55000 50000 45000 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 5000 10000 0 –1.0 05299-047 DNL ERROR (LSB) 0.6 VDD = 5V VREFOUT = 2.5V TA = 25°C 0.8 CODE 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 CODE 3000 3500 4000 Figure 13. INL—12-Bit DAC, 2.5 V Internal Reference Figure 10. DNL—16-Bit DAC, 1.25 V Internal Reference 0.20 1.0 VDD = VREF = 5V 0.8 TA = 25°C 0.15 0.6 0.10 DNL ERROR (LSB) INL ERROR (LSB) 0.4 0.2 0 –0.2 –0.4 VDD = 5V VREFOUT = 2.5V TA = 25°C 0.05 0 –0.05 –0.10 –0.6 –1.0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 CODE 3000 3500 –0.20 4000 05299-048 05299-045 –0.15 –0.8 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 CODE 3000 3500 4000 Figure 14. DNL 12-Bit DAC, 2.5 V Internal Reference Figure 11. INL—12-Bit DAC 1.0 0.20 0.15 0.6 INL ERROR (LSB) 0.10 0.05 0 0.4 0.2 0 –0.2 –0.4 –0.05 05299-049 –0.6 –0.10 –0.8 –0.15 –0.20 05299-046 DNL ERROR (LSB) VDD = 3V VREFOUT = 1.25V TA = 25°C 0.8 VDD = VREF = 5V TA = 25°C 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 CODE 3000 3500 4000 –1.0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 CODE 3000 3500 Figure 15. INL—12-Bit DAC, 1.25 V Internal Reference Figure 12. DNL—12-Bit DAC Rev. A | Page 12 of 28 4000 AD5678 0.20 1.0 VDD = 3V VREFOUT = 1.25V TA = 25°C 0.15 0.5 GAIN ERROR ERROR (% FSR) DNL ERROR (LSB) 0.10 0.05 0 –0.05 0 FULL-SCALE ERROR –0.5 –1.0 –0.10 05299-050 –0.20 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 CODE 3000 3500 –2.0 2.7 4000 Figure 16. DNL—12-Bit DAC, 1.25 V Internal Reference 3.2 3.7 4.2 VDD (V) TA = 25°C 0.5 –0.04 GAIN ERROR ZERO-SCALE ERROR 0 ERROR (mV) –0.06 ERROR (% FSR) 5.2 1.0 VDD = 5V –0.08 –0.10 –0.12 –0.14 4.7 Figure 19. Gain Error and Full-Scale Error vs. Supply Voltage 0 –0.02 05299-019 –1.5 –0.15 –0.5 –1.0 –1.5 FULL-SCALE ERROR –0.20 –40 –2.0 05299-017 –0.18 –20 0 20 40 60 TEMPERATURE (°C) 80 –2.5 2.7 100 Figure 17. Gain Error and Full-Scale Error vs. Temperature 3.2 3.7 4.2 VDD (V) 4.7 5.2 Figure 20. Zero-Scale Error and Offset Error vs. Supply Voltage 1.5 1.0 OFFSET ERROR 05299-020 –0.16 20 18 ZERO-SCALE ERROR VDD = 3.6V VDD = 5.5V 16 0.5 FREQUENCY –0.5 –1.0 12 10 8 6 –1.5 –2.0 –2.5 –40 –20 0 20 40 60 TEMPERATURE (°C) 80 100 Figure 18. Zero-Scale Error and Offset Error vs. Temperature 05299-021 4 OFFSET ERROR 05299-018 ERROR (mV) 14 0 2 0 1.20 1.22 1.24 1.26 1.28 1.30 1.32 1.34 1.36 1.38 1.40 1.42 1.44 IDD (mA) Figure 21. IDD Histogram with External Reference Rev. A | Page 13 of 28 AD5678 14 4.00 VDD = 3.6V VDD = 5.5V 12 VDD = 3V VREFOUT = 1.25V TA = 25°C 3.00 FULL SCALE VREFOUT = 1.25V VREFOUT = 2.5V 8 VOUT (V) FREQUENCY 10 6 3/4 SCALE 2.00 MIDSCALE 1.00 1/4 SCALE 4 0 Figure 22. IDD Histogram with Internal Reference 2.0 DAC LOADED WITH ZERO-SCALE SINKING CURRENT 0 10 CURRENT (mA) 20 30 TA = 25°C VDD = VREF = 5V 1.6 0.20 1.4 IDD (mA) VDD = 3V VREFOUT = 1.25V 0.10 0 –0.10 1.2 VDD = VREF = 3V 1.0 0.8 0.6 –0.20 VDD = 5V VREFOUT = 2.5V 0.4 –0.40 –0.50 –10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 CURRENT (mA) 4 6 8 05299-026 –0.30 05299-023 ERROR VOLTAGE (V) –10 1.8 0.30 0.2 0 512 10 Figure 23. Headroom at Rails vs. Source and Sink 10512 20512 1.6 VDD = 5V VREFOUT = 2.5V TA = 25°C 5.00 30512 40512 CODE 50512 60512 Figure 26. Supply Current vs. Code 6.00 VDD = VREFIN = 5.5V FULL SCALE 1.4 1.2 3/4 SCALE 4.00 VDD = VREFIN = 3.6V IDD (mA) 1.0 3.00 MIDSCALE 2.00 1/4 SCALE 0.8 0.6 1.00 0.4 0 ZERO SCALE –1.00 –30 –20 –10 0 10 CURRENT (mA) 20 05299-024 VOUT (V) –20 Figure 25. AD5678-1 Source and Sink Capability 0.50 0.40 05299-025 –1.00 –30 2.02 2.04 2.06 2.08 2.10 2.12 2.14 2.16 2.18 2.20 2.22 2.24 2.26 2.28 IDD (mA) DAC LOADED WITH FULL-SCALE SOURCING CURRENT ZERO SCALE 30 Figure 24. AD5678-2 Source and Sink Capability 0.2 0 –40 05299-027 0 05299-022 2 –20 0 20 40 60 TEMPERATURE (°C) 80 Figure 27. Supply Current vs. Temperature Rev. A | Page 14 of 28 100 AD5678 1.6 TA = 25°C VDD = VREF = 5V TA = 25°C 1.4 1.2 IDD (mA) 1.0 0.8 VDD 0.6 1 0.4 MAX(C2)* 420.0mV 3.2 3.7 4.2 VDD (V) 4.7 2 VOUT 5.2 CH1 2.0V CH2 500mV M100μs 125MS/s A CH1 1.28V 8.0ns/pt Figure 31. Power-On Reset to 0 V Figure 28. Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage 8 05299-031 0 2.7 05299-028 0.2 TA = 25°C VDD = VREF = 5V TA = 25°C 7 6 5 IDD (mA) VDD 4 1 VDD = 5V 3 2 VDD = 3V 0 1 2 3 VLOGIC (V) 4 5 2 05299-032 0 05299-029 1 VOUT 6 CH1 2.0V CH2 1.0V M100μs 125MS/s A CH1 1.28V 8.0ns/pt Figure 32. Power-On Reset to Midscale Figure 29. Supply Current vs. Logic Input Voltage SYNC 1 SLCK 3 VDD = VREF = 5V TA = 25°C FULL-SCALE CODE CHANGE 0x0000 TO 0xFFFF OUTPUT LOADED WITH 2kΩ AND 200pF TO GND VOUT VOUT = 909mV/DIV VDD = 5V 05299-030 1 05299-033 2 CH1 5.0V CH3 5.0V TIME BASE = 4μs/DIV CH2 500mV M400ns A CH1 Figure 33. Exiting Power-Down to Midscale Figure 30. Full-Scale Settling Time, 5 V Rev. A | Page 15 of 28 1.4V VDD = 5V VREFOUT = 2.5V TA = 25°C 4ns/SAMPLE NUMBER GLITCH IMPULSE = 3.55nV-s 1 LSB CHANGE AROUND MIDSCALE (0x8000 TO 0x7FFF) VDD = VREF = 5V TA = 25°C DAC LOADED WITH MIDSCALE 1 0 64 128 192 256 320 SAMPLE 384 448 Y AXIS = 2μV/DIV X AXIS = 4s/DIV 512 05299-037 2.505 2.504 2.503 2.502 2.501 2.500 2.499 2.498 2.497 2.496 2.495 2.494 2.493 2.492 2.491 2.490 2.489 2.488 2.487 2.486 2.485 05299-034 VOUT (V) AD5678 Figure 37. 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz Output Noise Plot, External Reference Figure 34. Digital-to-Analog Glitch Impulse (Negative) 2.5000 VDD = 5V VREFOUT = 2.5V TA = 25°C DAC LOADED WITH MIDSCALE 2.4995 2.4990 2.4980 10μV/DIV VOUT (V) 2.4985 2.4975 2.4970 1 VDD = 5V VREFOUT = 2.5V TA = 25°C 4ns/SAMPLE NUMBER 2.4955 2.4950 0 64 128 192 256 320 SAMPLE 384 448 05299-038 2.4960 05299-035 2.4965 512 5s/DIV Figure 38. 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz Output Noise Plot, Internal Reference Figure 35. Analog Crosstalk 2.4900 VDD = 3V VREFOUT = 1.25V TA = 25°C DAC LOADED WITH MIDSCALE 2.4895 2.4890 5μV/DIV 2.4880 2.4875 1 2.4870 VDD = 5V VREFOUT = 2.5V TA = 25°C 4ns/SAMPLE NUMBER 2.4860 2.4855 0 64 128 192 256 320 SAMPLE 384 448 512 05299-039 2.4865 05299-036 VOUT (V) 2.4885 4s/DIV Figure 39. 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz Output Noise Plot, Internal Reference Figure 36. DAC-to-DAC Crosstalk Rev. A | Page 16 of 28 AD5678 800 TA = 25°C MIDSCALE LOADED 700 CLR VOUT F 500 400 300 VDD = 5V VREFOUT = 2.5V VOUT B VDD = 3V VREFOUT = 1.25V 100 0 100 4 1000 10000 FREQUENCY (Hz) 100000 05299-043 200 05299-040 OUTPUT NOISE (nV/√Hz) 3 600 2 1000000 CH3 5.0V CH2 1.0V CH4 1.0V M200ns A CH3 1.10V Figure 43. Hardware CLR Figure 40. Noise Spectral Density, Internal Reference –20 VDD = 5V TA = 25°C DAC LOADED WITH FULL SCALE VREF = 2V ± 0.3V p-p –30 –40 5 –50 (dB) VDD = 5V TA = 25°C 0 –5 –60 –10 (dB) –70 –80 05299-041 –90 2k 4k 6k FREQUENCY (Hz) 8k 10k –20 –25 –30 –35 05299-044 –100 –15 Figure 41. Total Harmonic Distortion –40 10k 100k 1M FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 44. Multiplying Bandwidth 16 VREF = VDD TA = 25°C 14 VDD = 3V 10 VDD = 5V 8 6 4 05299-042 TIME (μs) 12 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 CAPACITANCE (nF) 8 9 10 Figure 42. Settling Time vs. Capacitive Load Rev. A | Page 17 of 28 10M AD5678 TERMINOLOGY Relative Accuracy For the DAC, relative accuracy, or integral nonlinearity (INL), is a measure of the maximum deviation in LSBs from a straight line passing through the endpoints of the DAC transfer function. Figure 5, Figure 7, and Figure 9 show plots of typical INL vs. code. Full-Scale Error Full-scale error is a measure of the output error when full-scale code (0xFFFF) is loaded into the DAC register. Ideally, the output should be VDD − 1 LSB. Full-scale error is expressed as a percentage of the full-scale range. Figure 17 shows a plot of typical full-scale error vs. temperature. Differential Nonlinearity Differential nonlinearity (DNL) is the difference between the measured change and the ideal 1 LSB change between any two adjacent codes. A specified differential nonlinearity of ±1 LSB maximum ensures monotonicity. This DAC is guaranteed monotonic by design. Figure 6, Figure 8, and Figure 10 show plots of typical DNL vs. code. Digital-to-Analog Glitch Impulse Offset Error Offset error is a measure of the difference between the actual VOUT and the ideal VOUT, expressed in millivolts in the linear region of the transfer function. Offset error is measured on the AD5678 with Code 512 loaded into the DAC register. It can be negative or positive and is expressed in millivolts. DC Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) PSRR indicates how the output of the DAC is affected by changes in the supply voltage. PSRR is the ratio of the change in VOUT to a change in VDD for full-scale output of the DAC. It is measured in decibels. VREF is held at 2 V, and VDD is varied ±10%. Zero-Code Error Zero-code error is a measure of the output error when zero code (0x0000) is loaded into the DAC register. Ideally, the output should be 0 V. The zero-code error is always positive in the AD5678, because the output of the DAC cannot go below 0 V. It is due to a combination of the offset errors in the DAC and output amplifier. Zero-code error is expressed in millivolts. Figure 18 shows a plot of typical zero-code error vs. temperature. Gain Error Gain error is a measure of the span error of the DAC. It is the deviation in slope of the DAC transfer characteristic from the ideal, expressed as a percentage of the full-scale range. Zero-Code Error Drift Zero-code error drift is a measure of the change in zero-code error with a change in temperature. It is expressed in μV/°C. Gain Error Drift Gain error drift is a measure of the change in gain error with changes in temperature. It is expressed in (ppm of full-scale range)/°C. Digital-to-analog glitch impulse is the impulse injected into the analog output when the input code in the DAC register changes state. It is normally specified as the area of the glitch in nV-s and is measured when the digital input code is changed by 1 LSB at the major carry transition (0x7FFF to 0x8000). See Figure 34. DC Crosstalk DC crosstalk is the dc change in the output level of one DAC in response to a change in the output of another DAC. It is measured with a full-scale output change on one DAC (or soft power-down and power-up) while monitoring another DAC. It is expressed in microvolts. DC crosstalk due to load current change is a measure of the impact that a change in load current on one DAC has to another DAC kept at midscale. It is expressed in microvolts per milliamp. Reference Feedthrough Reference feedthrough is the ratio of the amplitude of the signal at the DAC output to the reference input when the DAC output is not being updated (that is, LDAC is high). It is expressed in decibels. Channel-to-Channel Isolation Channel-to-channel isolation is the ratio of the amplitude of the signal at the output of one DAC to a sine wave on the reference input of another DAC. It is measured in decibels. Digital Feedthrough Digital feedthrough is a measure of the impulse injected into the analog output of a DAC from the digital input pins of the device, but is measured when the DAC is not being written to (SYNC held high). It is specified in nV-s and measured with a full-scale change on the digital input pins, that is, from all 0s to all 1s or vice versa. Rev. A | Page 18 of 28 AD5678 Digital Crosstalk Digital crosstalk is the glitch impulse transferred to the output of one DAC at midscale in response to a full-scale code change (all 0s to all 1s or vice versa) in the input register of another DAC. It is measured in standalone mode and is expressed in nV-s. Multiplying Bandwidth The amplifiers within the DAC have a finite bandwidth. The multiplying bandwidth is a measure of this. A sine wave on the reference (with full-scale code loaded to the DAC) appears on the output. The multiplying bandwidth is the frequency at which the output amplitude falls to 3 dB below the input. Analog Crosstalk Analog crosstalk is the glitch impulse transferred to the output of one DAC due to a change in the output of another DAC. It is measured by loading one of the input registers with a full-scale code change (all 0s to all 1s or vice versa) while keeping LDAC high, and then pulsing LDAC low and monitoring the output of the DAC whose digital code has not changed. The area of the glitch is expressed in nV-s. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) Total harmonic distortion is the difference between an ideal sine wave and its attenuated version using the DAC. The sine wave is used as the reference for the DAC, and the THD is a measure of the harmonics present on the DAC output. It is measured in decibels. DAC-to-DAC Crosstalk DAC-to-DAC crosstalk is the glitch impulse transferred to the output of one DAC due to a digital code change and subsequent output change of another DAC. This includes both digital and analog crosstalk. It is measured by loading one of the DACs with a full-scale code change (all 0s to all 1s or vice versa) with LDAC low and monitoring the output of another DAC. The energy of the glitch is expressed in nV-s. Rev. A | Page 19 of 28 AD5678 THEORY OF OPERATION D/A SECTION R The AD5678 DAC is fabricated on a CMOS process. The architecture consists of a string of DACs followed by an output buffer amplifier. The parts include an internal 1.25 V/2.5 V, 5 ppm/°C reference with an internal gain of 2. Figure 45 shows a block diagram of the DAC architecture. R TO OUTPUT AMPLIFIER R VDD REF (+) RESISTOR STRING R OUTPUT AMPLIFIER (GAIN = +2) GND R 05299-006 REF (–) VOUT 05299-005 DAC REGISTER Figure 45. DAC Architecture Because the input coding to the DAC is straight binary, the ideal output voltage when using an external reference is given by Figure 46. Resistor String INTERNAL REFERENCE D VOUT = VREFIN × ⎛⎜ N ⎞⎟ ⎝2 ⎠ The AD5678 has an on-chip reference with an internal gain of 2. The AD5678-1 has a 1.25 V 5 ppm/°C reference, giving a fullscale output of 2.5 V. The AD5678-2 has a 2.5 V 5 ppm/°C reference, giving a full-scale output of 5 V. The on-board reference is off at power-up, allowing the use of an external reference. The internal reference is enabled via a write to a control register. See Table 7. the ideal output voltage when using an internal reference is given by D VOUT = 2 × VREFOUT × ⎛⎜ N ⎞⎟ ⎝2 ⎠ where: D = decimal equivalent of the binary code that is loaded to the DAC register. 0 to 4,095 for AD5678 DAC C, D, E, F (12 bits). 0 to 65,535 for AD5678 DAC A, B, G, H (16 bits). N = the DAC resolution. The internal reference associated with each part is available at the VREFOUT pin. A buffer is required if the reference output is used to drive external loads. When using the internal reference, it is recommended that a 100 nF capacitor be placed between the reference output and GND for reference stability. RESISTOR STRING Individual channel power-down is not supported while using the internal reference. The resistor string section is shown in Figure 46. It is simply a string of resistors, each of value R. The code loaded into the DAC register determines at which node on the string the voltage is tapped off to be fed into the output amplifier. The voltage is tapped off by closing one of the switches connecting the string to the amplifier. Because it is a string of resistors, it is guaranteed monotonic. Rev. A | Page 20 of 28 AD5678 Table 7. Command Definitions OUTPUT AMPLIFIER The output buffer amplifier can generate rail-to-rail voltages on its output, which gives an output range of 0 V to VDD. The amplifier is capable of driving a load of 2 kΩ in parallel with 1,000 pF to GND. The source and sink capabilities of the output amplifier can be seen in Figure 24 and Figure 25. The slew rate is 1.5 V/μs with a ¼ to ¾ scale settling time of 10 μs. SERIAL INTERFACE The AD5678 has a 3-wire serial interface (SYNC, SCLK, and DIN) that is compatible with SPI, QSPI, and MICROWIRE interface standards as well as most DSPs. See Figure 2 for a timing diagram of a typical write sequence. The write sequence begins by bringing the SYNC line low. Data from the DIN line is clocked into the 32-bit shift register on the falling edge of SCLK. The serial clock frequency can be as high as 50 MHz, making the AD5678 compatible with high speed DSPs. On the 32nd falling clock edge, the last data bit is clocked in and the programmed function is executed, that is, a change in DAC register contents and/or a change in the mode of operation. At this stage, the SYNC line can be kept low or be brought high. In either case, it must be brought high for a minimum of 15 ns before the next write sequence so that a falling edge of SYNC can initiate the next write sequence. Because the SYNC buffer draws more current when VIN = 2 V than it does when VIN = 0.8 V, SYNC should be idled low between write sequences for even lower power operation of the part. As is mentioned previously, however, SYNC must be brought high again just before the next write sequence. C3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 – 1 Command C2 C1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 – 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 – 1 C0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 – 1 Description Write to Input Register n Update DAC Register n Write to Input Register n, update all (software LDAC) Write to and update DAC Channel n Power down/power up DAC Load clear code register Load LDAC register Reset (power-on reset) Set up internal REF register Reserved Reserved Reserved Table 8. Address Commands A3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Rev. A | Page 21 of 28 A2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 Address (n) A1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 A0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 Selected DAC Channel DAC A (16 bits) DAC B (16 bits) DAC C (12 bits) DAC D (12 bits) DAC E (12 bits) DAC F (12 bits) DAC G (16 bits) DAC H (16 bits) All DACs AD5678 INPUT SHIFT REGISTER SYNC INTERRUPT The input shift register is 32 bits wide. The first four bits are don’t cares. The next four bits are the command bits, C3 to C0 (see Table 7), followed by the 4-bit DAC address bits, A3 to A0 (see Table 8), and finally the 16-/12-bit data-word. The dataword comprises the 16-/12-bit input code followed by four or eight don’t care bits for the AD5678 DAC A, B, G, H and AD5678 DAC C, D, E, F, respectively (See Figure 47 and Figure 48). These data bits are transferred to the DAC register on the 32nd falling edge of SCLK. In a normal write sequence, the SYNC line is kept low for 32 falling edges of SCLK, and the DAC is updated on the 32nd falling edge and rising edge of SYNC. However, if SYNC is brought high before the 32nd falling edge, this acts as an interrupt to the write sequence. The shift register is reset, and the write sequence is seen as invalid. Neither an update of the DAC register contents nor a change in the operating mode occurs—see Figure 49. DB31 (MSB) X X DB0 (LSB) X X C3 C2 C1 C0 A3 A2 A1 A0 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 X X X X COMMAND BITS 05299-007 DATA BITS ADDRESS BITS Figure 47. AD5678 Input Register Content for DAC A, B, G , H DB31 (MSB) X X X C3 C2 C1 C0 A3 A2 A1 A0 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 X X X X X X X X COMMAND BITS 05299-008 DATA BITS ADDRESS BITS Figure 48. AD5678 Input Register Content for DAC C, D, E, F SCLK SYNC DIN DB31 DB31 DB0 INVALID WRITE SEQUENCE: SYNC HIGH BEFORE 32ND FALLING EDGE DB0 VALID WRITE SEQUENCE, OUTPUT UPDATES ON THE 32ND FALLING EDGE Figure 49. SYNC Interrupt Facility Rev. A | Page 22 of 28 05299-009 X DB0 (LSB) AD5678 INTERNAL REFERENCE REGISTER The on-board reference is off at power-up by default. This allows the use of an external reference if the application requires it. The on-board reference can be turned on/off by a userprogrammable internal REF register by setting Bit DB0 high or low (see Table 9). Command 1000 is reserved for this internal REF set-up command (see Table 7). Table 11 shows the state of the bits in the input shift register corresponds to the mode of operation of the device. POWER-ON RESET The AD5678 contains a power-on reset circuit that controls the output voltage during power-up. The AD5678 output powers up to 0 V, and the output remains powered up at this level until a valid write sequence is made to the DAC. This is useful in applications where it is important to know the state of the output of the DAC while it is in the process of powering up. There is also a software executable reset function that resets the DAC to the power-on reset code. Command 0111 is reserved for this reset function—see Table 7. Any events on LDAC or CLR during power-on reset are ignored. POWER-DOWN MODES The AD5678 contains four separate modes of operation. Command 0100 is reserved for the power-down function. See Table 7. These modes are software-programmable by setting two bits, Bit DB9 and Bit DB8, in the control register. Table 11 shows how the state of the bits corresponds to the mode of operation of the device. Any or all DACs (DAC H to DAC A) can be powered down to the selected mode by setting the corresponding eight bits (DB7 to DB0) to 1. See Table 12 for the contents of the input shift register during power-down/powerup operation. When using the internal reference, only all channel power-down to the selected modes is supported. When both bits are set to 0, the part works normally with its normal power consumption of 1.3 mA at 5 V. However, for the three power-down modes, the supply current falls to 400 nA at 5 V (200 nA at 3 V). Not only does the supply current fall, but the output stage is also internally switched from the output of the amplifier to a resistor network of known values. This has the advantage that the output impedance of the part is known while the part is in power-down mode. There are three different options. The output is connected internally to GND through either a 1 kΩ or a 100 kΩ resistor, or it is left open-circuited (three-state). The output stage is illustrated in Figure 50. The bias generator of the selected DAC(s), output amplifier, resistor string, and other associated linear circuitry are shut down when the power-down mode is activated. However, the contents of the DAC register are unaffected when in powerdown. The time to exit power-down is typically 5 μs for VDD = 5 V and for VDD = 3 V, see Figure 33. Any combination of DACs can be powered up by setting PD1 and PD0 to 0 (normal operation). The output powers up to the value in the input register (LDAC low) or to the value in the DAC register before powering down (LDAC high). CLEAR CODE REGISTER The AD5678 has a hardware CLR pin that is an asynchronous clear input. The CLR input is falling edge sensitive . Bringing the CLR line low clears the contents of the input register and the DAC registers to the data contained in the user-configurable CLR register and sets the analog outputs accordingly. This function can be used in system calibration to load zero scale, midscale, or full scale to all channels together. These clear code values are user-programmable by setting two bits, Bit DB1 and Bit DB0, in the CLR control register. See Table 13. The default setting clears the outputs to 0 V. Command 0101 is reserved for loading the clear code register, see Table 7. The part exits clear code mode on the 32nd falling edge of the next write to the part. If CLR is activated during a write sequence, the write is aborted. The CLR pulse activation time—the falling edge of CLR to when the output starts to change—is typically 280 ns. However, if the value is outside the linear region, it typically takes 520 ns after executing CLR for the output to start changing. See Figure 43. See Table 14 for contents of the input shift register during the loading clear code register operation. Rev. A | Page 23 of 28 AD5678 Table 9. Internal Reference Register Internal REF Register (DB0) 0 1 Action Reference off (default) Reference on Table 10. 32-Bit Input Shift Register Contents for Reference Set-Up Function MSB DB31 to DB28 X Don’t cares DB27 DB26 DB25 DB24 1 0 0 0 Command bits (C3 to C0) DB23 X DB22 DB21 DB20 X X X Address bits (A3 to A0) DB19 to DB1 X Don’t cares LSB DB0 1/0 Internal REF register Table 11. Power-Down Modes of Operation DB9 0 DB8 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 Operating Mode Normal operation Power-down modes 1 kΩ to GND 100 kΩ to GND Three-state Table 12. 32-Bit Input Shift Register Contents for Power-Down/Power-Up Function MSB DB31 to DB28 X Don’t cares LSB DB27 0 DB26 1 DB25 0 Command bits (C3 to C0) DB24 0 DB23 X DB22 X DB21 X DB20 X Address bits (A3 to A0)— don’t cares DB19 to DB10 X DB9 PD1 Don’t cares Powerdown mode DB8 PD0 DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 DAC DAC DAC DAC DAC DAC DAC DAC H G F E D C B A Power-down/power-up channel selection—set bit to 1 to select VFB AMPLIFIER VOUT POWER-DOWN CIRCUITRY RESISTOR NETWORK 05299-010 RESISTOR STRING DAC Figure 50. Output Stage During Power-Down Table 13. Clear Code Register DB1 CR1 0 0 1 1 Clear Code Register DB0 CR0 0 1 0 1 Clears to Code 0x0000 0x8000 0xFFFF No operation Table 14. 32-Bit Input Shift Register Contents for Clear Code Function MSB DB31 to DB28 X Don’t cares DB27 DB26 DB25 DB24 0 1 0 1 Command bits (C3 to C0) DB23 DB22 DB21 DB20 X X X X Address bits (A3 to A0)—don’t cares Rev. A | Page 24 of 28 DB19 to DB2 X Don’t cares LSB DB1 DB0 CR1 CR0 Clear code register AD5678 pin. See Table 16 for the contents of the input shift register during the load LDAC register mode of operation. LDAC FUNCTION The outputs of all DACs can be updated simultaneously using the hardware LDAC pin. POWER SUPPLY BYPASSING AND GROUNDING When accuracy is important in a circuit, it is helpful to carefully consider the power supply and ground return layout on the board. The printed circuit board containing the AD5678 should have separate analog and digital sections. If the AD5678 is in a system where other devices require an AGND-to-DGND connection, the connection should be made at one point only. This ground point should be as close as possible to the AD5678. Synchronous LDAC: After new data is read, the DAC registers are updated on the falling edge of the 32nd SCLK pulse. LDAC can be permanently low or pulsed as in Figure 2. Asynchronous LDAC: The outputs are not updated at the same time that the input registers are written to. When LDAC goes low, the DAC registers are updated with the contents of the input register. Alternatively, the outputs of all DACs can be updated simultaneously using the software LDAC function by writing to Input Register n and updating all DAC registers. Command 0011 is reserved for this software LDAC function. An LDAC register gives the user extra flexibility and control over the hardware LDAC pin. This register allows the user to select which combination of channels to simultaneously update when the hardware LDAC pin is executed. Setting the LDAC bit register to 0 for a DAC channel means that this channel’s update is controlled by the LDAC pin. If this bit is set to 1, this channel updates synchronously; that is, the DAC register is updated after new data is read, regardless of the state of the LDAC pin. It effectively sees the LDAC pin as being tied low. (See Table 15 for the LDAC register mode of operation.) This flexibility is useful in applications where the user wants to simultaneously update select channels while the rest of the channels are synchronously updating. Writing to the DAC using command 0110 loads the 8-bit LDAC register (DB7 to DB0). The default for each channel is 0; that is, the LDAC pin works normally. Setting the bits to 1 means the DAC channel is updated regardless of the state of the LDAC The power supply to the AD5678 should be bypassed with 10 μF and 0.1 μF capacitors. The capacitors should physically be as close as possible to the device, with the 0.1 μF capacitor ideally right up against the device. The 10 μF capacitors are the tantalum bead type. It is important that the 0.1 μF capacitor has low effective series resistance (ESR) and low effective series inductance (ESI), such as is typical of common ceramic types of capacitors. This 0.1 μF capacitor provides a low impedance path to ground for high frequencies caused by transient currents due to internal logic switching. The power supply line should have as large a trace as possible to provide a low impedance path and reduce glitch effects on the supply line. Clocks and other fast switching digital signals should be shielded from other parts of the board by digital ground. Avoid crossover of digital and analog signals if possible. When traces cross on opposite sides of the board, ensure that they run at right angles to each other to reduce feedthrough effects through the board. The best board layout technique is the microstrip technique, where the component side of the board is dedicated to the ground plane only and the signal traces are placed on the solder side. However, this is not always possible with a 2-layer board. Table 15. LDAC Register Load DAC Register LDAC Bits (DB7 to DB0) LDAC Pin LDAC Operation 0 1 Determined by LDAC pin DAC channels update, overriding the LDAC pin. DAC channels see LDAC as 0. 1/0 X—don’t care Table 16. 32-Bit Input Shift Register Contents for LDAC Overwrite Function MSB DB31 to DB28 X Don’t cares LSB DB27 0 DB26 1 DB25 1 DB24 0 Command bits (C3 to C0) DB23 X DB22 X DB21 X Address bits (A3 to A0)— don’t cares DB20 X DB19 to DB8 X Don’t cares Rev. A | Page 25 of 28 DB7 DAC H DB6 DAC G DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DAC DAC DAC DAC DAC F E D C B Setting LDAC bit to 1 overrides LDAC pin DB0 DAC A AD5678 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 5.10 5.00 4.90 14 8 4.50 4.40 4.30 6.40 BSC 1 7 PIN 1 0.65 BSC 1.05 1.00 0.80 0.20 0.09 1.20 MAX 0.15 0.05 0.30 0.19 SEATING COPLANARITY PLANE 0.10 0.75 0.60 0.45 8° 0° COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-153-AB-1 Figure 51. 14-Lead Thin Shrink Small Outline Package [TSSOP] (RU-14) Dimensions shown in millimeters 5.10 5.00 4.90 16 9 4.50 4.40 4.30 6.40 BSC 1 8 PIN 1 1.20 MAX 0.15 0.05 0.65 BSC 0.30 0.19 COPLANARITY 0.10 0.20 0.09 SEATING PLANE 0.75 0.60 0.45 8° 0° COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-153-AB Figure 52. 16-Lead Thin Shrink Small Outline Package [TSSOP] (RU-16) Dimensions shown in millimeters ORDERING GUIDE Model AD5678BRUZ-1 1 AD5678BRUZ-1REEL71 AD5678BRUZ-21 AD5678BRUZ-2REEL71 AD5678ARUZ-21 AD5678ARUZ-2REEL71 1 Temperature Range −40°C to +105°C −40°C to +105°C −40°C to +105°C −40°C to +105°C −40°C to +105°C −40°C to +105°C Package Description 14-Lead TSSOP 14-Lead TSSOP 16-Lead TSSOP 16-Lead TSSOP 16-Lead TSSOP 16-Lead TSSOP Z = Pb-free part. Rev. A | Page 26 of 28 Package Option RU-14 RU-14 RU-16 RU-16 RU-16 RU-16 Power-On Reset to Code Zero Zero Zero Zero Zero Zero Accuracy ±16 LSB INL ±16 LSB INL ±16 LSB INL ±16 LSB INL ±32 LSB INL ±32 LSB INL Internal Reference 1.25 V 1.25 V 2.5 V 2.5 V 2.5 V 2.5 V AD5678 NOTES Rev. A | Page 27 of 28 AD5678 NOTES © 2005 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D05299–0–11/05(A) Rev. A | Page 28 of 28