ICX098AL Diagonal 4.5mm (Type 1/4) Progressive Scan CCD Image Sensor with Square Pixel for B/W Cameras Description The ICX098AL is a diagonal 4.5mm (Type 1/4) interline CCD solid-state image sensor with a square pixel array which supports VGA format. Progressive scan allows all pixels signals to be output independently within approximately 1/30 second. Also, the adoption of monitoring mode supports 60 frame/s. This chip features an electronic shutter with variable charge-storage time which makes it possible to realize full-frame still image without a mechanical shutter. Further, high sensitivity and low dark current are achieved through the adoption of HAD (HoleAccumulation Diode) sensors. This chip is suitable for applications such as seconddimensional bar-code reader, PC input cameras, etc. Features • Progressive scan allows individual readout of the image signals from all pixels. • High horizontal and vertical resolution (both approx. 480TV-lines) still image without a mechanical shutter. • Supports monitoring mode • Square pixel • Supports VGA format • Horizontal drive frequency: 12.27MHz • No voltage adjustments (reset gate and substrate bias are not adjusted.) • High resolution, high sensitivity, low dark current • Continuous variable-speed shutter • Low smear • Excellent antiblooming characteristics • Horizontal register: 3.3V drive • 14-pin high precision plastic package (enables dual-surface standard) Device Structure • Interline CCD image sensor • Image size: • Number of effective pixels: • Total number of pixels: • Chip size: • Unit cell size: • Optical black: • Number of dummy bits: • Substrate material: 14 pin DIP (Plastic) AAAAA AAAAA AAAAA AAAAA AAAAA Pin 1 2 V 2 Pin 8 H 8 31 Optical black position (Top View) Diagonal 4.5mm (Type 1/4) 659 (H) × 494 (V) approx. 330K pixels 692 (H) × 504 (V) approx. 350K pixels 4.60mm (H) × 3.97mm (V) 5.6µm (H) × 5.6µm (V) Horizontal (H) direction: Front 2 pixels, rear 31 pixels Vertical (V) direction: Front 8 pixels, rear 2 pixels Horizontal 16 Vertical 5 Silicon Sony reserves the right to change products and specifications without prior notice. This information does not convey any license by any implication or otherwise under any patents or other right. Application circuits shown, if any, are typical examples illustrating the operation of the devices. Sony cannot assume responsibility for any problems arising out of the use of these circuits. –1– E98302A99 ICX098AL GND VL Vφ2B Vφ2A Vφ3 Vφ1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Vertical register VOUT Block Diagram and Pin Configuration (Top View) Note) Pin No. Symbol φSUB CSUB Description 12 13 Pin No. 14 Note) : Photo sensor Hφ2 11 Hφ1 10 φRG 9 GND Pin Description 8 VDD Horizontal register Symbol Description 1 Vφ1 Vertical register transfer clock 8 VDD Supply voltage 2 Vφ3 Vertical register transfer clock 9 GND GND 3 Vφ2A Vertical register transfer clock 10 φSUB 4 Vφ2B Vertical register transfer clock 11 CSUB Substrate clock Substrate bias∗1 5 VL Protective transistor bias 12 φRG Reset gate clock 6 GND GND 13 Hφ1 Horizontal register transfer clock 7 VOUT Signal output 14 Hφ2 Horizontal register transfer clock ∗1 DC bias is generated within the CCD, so that this pin should be grounded externally through a capacitance of 0.1µF. Absolute Maximum Ratings Item Against φSUB Ratings Unit VDD, VOUT, φRG – φSUB –40 to +10 V Vφ2A, Vφ2B – φSUB –50 to +15 V Vφ1, Vφ3, VL – φSUB –50 to +0.3 V Hφ1, Hφ2, GND – φSUB –40 to +0.3 V –25 to V VDD, VOUT, φRG, CSUB – GND –0.3 to +18 V Vφ1, Vφ2A, Vφ2B, Vφ3 – GND –10 to +18 V Hφ1, Hφ2 – GND –10 to +5 V Vφ2A, Vφ2B – VL –0.3 to +28 V Vφ1, Vφ3, Hφ1, Hφ2, GND – VL –0.3 to +15 V to +15 V CSUB – φSUB Against GND Against VL Voltage difference between vertical clock input pins Between input Hφ1 – Hφ2 clock pins Hφ1, Hφ2 – Vφ3 –5 to +5 V –13 to +13 V Storage temperature –30 to +80 °C Operating temperature –10 to +60 °C ∗2 +24V (Max.) when clock width < 10µs, clock duty factor < 0.1%. –2– Remarks ∗2 ICX098AL Bias Conditions Item Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit 14.55 15.0 ∗1 15.45 V Supply voltage VDD Protective transistor bias VL Substrate clock φSUB ∗2 Reset gate clock φRG ∗2 Remarks ∗1 VL setting is the VVL voltage of the vertical transfer clock waveform, or the same power supply as the VL power supply for the V driver should be used. ∗2 Do not apply a DC bias to the substrate clock and reset gate clock pins, because a DC bias is generated within the CCD. DC Characteristics Item Symbol Min. Typ. IDD Supply current Max. 6.0 Remarks Unit mA Clock Voltage Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit Waveform diagram VVT 14.55 15.0 15.45 V 1 VVH02A –0.05 0 0.05 V 2 VVH1, VVH2A, VVH2B, VVH3 –0.2 0 0.05 V 2 VVL1, VVL2A, VVL2B, VVL3 –5.8 –5.5 –5.2 V 2 Vφ1, Vφ2A, Vφ2B, Vφ3 5.2 5.5 5.8 V 2 | VVL1 – VVL3 | 0.1 V 2 VVHH 0.3 V 2 High-level coupling VVHL 1.0 V 2 High-level coupling VVLH 0.5 V 2 Low-level coupling VVLL 0.5 V 2 Low-level coupling Symbol Item Readout clock voltage Vertical transfer clock voltage Horizontal transfer clock voltage Substrate clock voltage VVH = VVH02A VVL = (VVL1 + VVL3)/2 VφH 3.0 3.3 5.25 V 3 VHL –0.05 0 0.05 V 3 3.0 3.3 5.5 V 4 VRGLH – VRGLL 0.4 V 4 Low-level coupling VRGL – VRGLm 0.5 V 4 Low-level coupling 21.25 V 5 VφRG Reset gate clock voltage Remarks VφSUB 19.75 20.5 –3– ICX098AL Clock Equivalent Circuit Constant Item Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit CφV1 1200 pF CφV2A, CφV2B 470 pF CφV3 2200 pF CφV12A, CφV2B1 470 pF CφV2A3, CφV32B 390 pF CφV13 10 pF Capacitance between horizontal transfer clock and GND CφH1, CφH2 22 pF Capacitance between horizontal transfer clocks CφHH 68 pF Capacitance between reset gate clock and GND CφRG 3 pF Capacitance between substrate clock and GND CφSUB 220 pF R1 20 Ω R2A, R2B 43 Ω R3 36 Ω Vertical transfer clock ground resistor RGND 43 Ω Horizontal transfer clock series resistor RφH 12 Ω Horizontal transfer clock ground resistor RH2 30 kΩ Reset gate clock series resistor RφRG 62 Ω Capacitance between vertical transfer clock and GND Capacitance between vertical transfer clocks Vertical transfer clock series resistor Vφ1 Vφ2A CφV12A R1 R2A RφH RφH Hφ1 CφV1 Hφ2 CφHH CφV2A CφV2B1 CφV2A3 CφH1 CφH2 RH2 CφV13 CφV2B RGND CφV3 R2B R3 CφV32B Vφ2B Vφ3 Vertical transfer clock equivalent circuit Horizontal transfer clock equivalent circuit RφRG RGφ CφRG Reset gate clock equivalent circuit –4– Remarks ICX098AL Drive Clock Waveform Conditions (1) Readout clock waveform VT 100% 90% II II φM VVT φM 2 10% 0% tr twh 0V tf Note) Readout clock is used by composing vertical transfer clocks Vφ2A and Vφ2B. (2) Vertical transfer clock waveform Vφ1 VVH1 VVHH VVH VVHL VVLH VVL01 VVL1 VVL VVLL Vφ2A, Vφ2B VVH02A, VVH02B VVH2A, VVH2B VVHH VVH VVHL VVLH VVL2A, VVL2B VVL VVLL Vφ3 VVH3 VVHH VVH VVHL VVLH VVL03 VVL VVLL VVH = VVH02A VVL = (VVL01 + VVL03) /2 VVL3 = VVL03 VφV1 = VVH1 – VVL01 VφV2A = VVH02A – VVL2A VφV2B = VVH02B – VVL2B VφV3 = VVH3 – VVL03 –5– ICX098AL (3) Horizontal transfer clock waveform tr twh tf Hφ2 90% VCR VφH twl VφH 2 10% VHL Hφ1 two Cross-point voltage for the Hφ1 rising side of the horizontal transfer clocks Hφ1 and Hφ2 waveforms is VCR. The overlap period for twh and twl of horizontal transfer clocks Hφ1 and Hφ2 is two. (4) Reset gate clock waveform tr twh tf VRGH RG waveform twl VφRG Point A VRGLH VRGLL VRGLm VRGL VRGLH is the maximum value and VRGLL is the minimum value of the coupling waveform during the period from Point A in the above diagram until the rising edge of RG. In addition, VRGL is the average value of VRGLH and VRGLL. VRGL = (VRGLH + VRGLL)/2 Assuming VRGH is the minimum value during the interval twh, then: VφRG = VRGH – VRGL Negative overshoot level during the falling edge of RG is VRGLm. (5) Substrate clock waveform 100% 90% φM φM 2 VφSUB 10% 0% VSUB (A bias generated within the CCD) tr twh –6– tf ICX098AL Clock Switching Characteristics Item Symbol VT Vertical transfer clock Vφ1, Vφ2A, Vφ2B, Vφ3 Horizontal transfer clock Readout clock Hφ1 During imaging twh twl tr tf Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max. 2.3 2.5 0.5 0.5 15 25.5 30.5 Hφ2 28 28 33 33 25.5 30.5 During Hφ1 parallel-serial Hφ2 conversion Reset gate clock φRG 11 Substrate clock φSUB 1.5 1.8 12 63.5 350 9 16.5 9 16.5 9 14 9 14 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 3 3 0.5 Unit Remarks µs During readout ns ∗1 ns ∗2 µs ns 0.5 µs During drain charge ∗1 When vertical transfer clock driver CXD1267AN is used. ∗2 tf ≥ tr – 2ns, and the cross-point voltage (VCR) for the Hφ1 rising side of the Hφ1 and Hφ2 waveforms must be at least VφH/2 [V]. two Item Horizontal transfer clock Symbol Hφ1, Hφ2 Min. Typ. Max. Unit Remarks ns 21.5 25.5 Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics (excludes lens characteristics and light source characteristics) 1 0.9 0.8 Relative Response 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 400 500 600 700 Wave Length [nm] –7– 800 900 1000 ICX098AL Image Sensor Characteristics (Ta = 25°C) Unit Measurement method Remarks mV 1 1/30s accumulation mode mV 2 Ta = 60°C 0.0025 % 3 1/30s accumulation mode 20 % 4 Zone 0 and I 25 % 4 Zone 0 to II' Vdt 4 mV 5 Ta = 60°C Dark signal shading ∆Vdt 1 mV 6 Ta = 60°C Lag Lag 0.5 % 7 Symbol Min. Typ. Sensitivity S 480 600 Saturation signal Vsat 500 Smear Sm Video signal shading SH Dark signal Item 0.001 Max. Zone Definition of Video Signal Shading 659 (H) 12 12 12 V 10 H 8 H 8 Zone 0, I Zone II, II' V 10 494 (V) 10 Ignored region Effective pixel region Measurement System CCD signal output [∗A] CCD C.D.S AMP S/H Signal output [∗B] Note) Adjust the amplifier gain so that the gain between [∗A] and [∗B] equals 1. –8– ICX098AL Image Sensor Characteristics Measurement Method Readout modes The diagram below shows the output methods for the following two readout modes. Monitoring mode Progressive scan mode VOUT 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 VOUT Note) Blacked out portions in the diagram indicate pixels which are not read out. 1. Progressive scan mode In this mode, all pixel signals are output in non-interlace format in 1/30s. The vertical resolution is approximately 480TV-lines and all pixel signals within the same exposure period are read out simultaneously, making this mode suitable for high resolution image capturing. 2. Monitoring mode The signals for all effective areas are output in approximately 1/60s by repeating readout pixels and non-readout pixels every two lines. The vertical resolution is approximately 240TV-lines. This readout mode emphasizes processing speed over vertical resolution. –9– ICX098AL Measurement conditions 1) In the following measurements, the device drive conditions are at the typical values of the bias and clock voltage conditions. 2) In the following measurements, spot blemishes are excluded and, unless otherwise specified, the optical black level (OB) is used as the reference for the signal output, which is taken as the value measured at point [∗B] of the measurement system. Definition of standard imaging conditions 1) Standard imaging condition I: Use a pattern box (luminance : 706cd/m2, color temperature of 3200K halogen source) as a subject. (pattern for evaluation is not applicable.) Use a testing standard lens with CM500S (t = 1.0mm) as an IR cut filter and image at F8. The luminous intensity to the sensor receiving surface at this point is defined as the standard sensitivity testing luminous intensity. 2) Standard imaging condition II: Image a light source (color temperature of 3200K) with a uniformity of brightness within 2% at all angles. Use a testing standard lens with CM500S (t = 1.0mm) as an IR cut filter. The luminous intensity is adjusted to the value indicated in each testing item by the lens diaphragm. 1. Sensitivity Set to standard imaging condition I. After selecting the electronic shutter mode with a shutter speed of 1/100s, measure the signal output (VS) at the center of the screen, and substitute the value into the following formula. S = VS × 100 [mV] 30 2. Saturation signal Set to standard imaging condition II. After adjusting the luminous intensity to 10 times the intensity with the average value of the signal output, 150mV, measure the minimum value of the signal output. 3. Smear Set to standard imaging condition II. With the lens diaphragm at F5.6 to F8, first adjust the luminous intensity to 500 times the intensity with the average value of the signal output, 150mV. Then after the readout clock is stopped and the charge drain is executed by the electronic shutter at the respective H blankings, measure the maximum value (Vsm [mV]) of the signal output and substitute the value into the following formula. Sm = Vsm 1 1 × × 150 500 10 × 100 [%] (1/10V method conversion value) 4. Video signal shading Set to standard imaging condition II. With the lens diaphragm at F5.6 to F8, adjust the luminous intensity so that the average value of the signal output is 150mV. Then measure the maximum (Vmax [mV]) and minimum (Vmin [mV]) values of the signal output and substitute the values into the following formula. SH = (Vmax – Vmin)/150 × 100 [%] 5. Dark signal Measure the average value of the signal output (Vdt [mV]) with the device ambient temperature 60°C and the device in the light-obstructed state, using the horizontal idle transfer level as a reference. – 10 – ICX098AL 6. Dark signal shading After measuring 5, measure the maximum (Vdmax [mV]) and minimum (Vdmin [mV]) values of the dark signal output and substitute the values into the following formula. ∆Vdt = Vdmax – Vdmin [mV] 7. Lag Adjust the signal output value generated by strobe light to 150mV. After setting the strobe light so that it strobes with the following timing, measure the residual signal (Vlag). Substitute the value into the following formula. Lag = (Vlag/150) × 100 [%] VD V2A Light Strobe light timing Signal output 150mV Output – 11 – Vlag (Lag) XV3 XSG1 XV2B XSG2 XV1 XV2A – 12 – RG H2 H1 CXD1267AN 11 10 22/20V 12 9 17 16 15 14 13 4 5 6 7 8 1/35V 22/16V 1/20V 100K 0.1 1 2 3 4 5 6 ICX098 (Bottom View) Vφ3 XSUB 0.1 7 8 2200p 14 13 12 11 10 9 φRG Vφ1 Hφ2 Hφ1 19 18 VL 20 Vφ2A Vφ2B CSUB 1 2 3 VDD 15V GND VOUT φSUB GND Drive Circuit 1M 33/20V 3.9K 2SK523 100 0.01 3.3/16V CCD OUT –5.5V ICX098AL ICX098AL Sensor Readout Clock Timing Chart Progressive Scan Mode XV1 XV2A XV2B XV3 XSG1 XSG2 Sensor readout clocks XSG1 and XSG2 are used by composing XV2A and XV2B. 81.4ns (1 bit) HD 2.53µs (31 bits) 42.2µs (520 bits) V1 V2A V2B V3 – 13 – ICX098AL Sensor Readout Clock Timing Chart Monitoring Mode XV1 XV2A XV2B XV3 XSG1 XSG2 Sensor readout clock XSG1 is used by composing XV2A. 81.4ns (1 bit) HD 2.53µs (31 bits) 42.2µs (520 bits) V1 V2A V2B V3 – 14 – – 15 – CCD OUT V3 V2B V2A V1 HD VD Progressive Scan Mode 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 525 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Drive Timing Chart (Vertical Sync) 525 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 ICX098AL 520 494 510 504 – 16 – CCD OUT V3 V2B V2A V1 HD BLK VD FLD 520 486 489 490 493 494 Monitoring Mode 525 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 2 5 6 1 2 5 6 9 10 13 14 17 18 260 261 262 263 264 265 486 489 490 493 494 Drive Timing Chart (Vertical Sync) 285 280 275 1 2 5 6 1 2 5 6 9 10 13 14 17 18 ICX098AL 270 – 17 – SHD SHP RG SUB V3 V2B V2A V1 H2 H1 CLK BLK HD 780 1 Drive Timing Chart (Horizontal Sync) Progressive Scan Mode 78 ICX098AL 140 – 18 – SHD SHP RG SUB V3 V2B V2A V1 H2 H1 CLK BLK HD 780 1 Drive Timing Chart (Horizontal Sync) Monitoring Mode 78 ICX098AL 140 ICX098AL Notes on Handling 1) Static charge prevention CCD image sensors are easily damaged by static discharge. Before handling be sure to take the following protective measures. a) Either handle bare handed or use non-chargeable gloves, clothes or material. Also use conductive shoes. b) When handling directly use an earth band. c) Install a conductive mat on the floor or working table to prevent the generation of static electricity. d) Ionized air is recommended for discharge when handling CCD image sensor. e) For the shipment of mounted substrates, use boxes treated for the prevention of static charges. 2) Soldering a) Make sure the package temperature does not exceed 80°C. b) Solder dipping in a mounting furnace causes damage to the glass and other defects. Use a ground 30W soldering iron and solder each pin in less than 2 seconds. For repairs and remount, cool sufficiently. c) To dismount an image sensor, do not use a solder suction equipment. When using an electric desoldering tool, use a thermal controller of the zero cross On/Off type and connect it to ground. 3) Dust and dirt protection Image sensors are packed and delivered by taking care of protecting its glass plates from harmful dust and dirt. Clean glass plates with the following operation as required, and use them. a) Perform all assembly operations in a clean room (class 1000 or less). b) Do not either touch glass plates by hand or have any object come in contact with glass surfaces. Should dirt stick to a glass surface, blow it off with an air blower. (For dirt stuck through static electricity ionized air is recommended.) c) Clean with a cotton bud and ethyl alcohol if the grease stained. Be careful not to scratch the glass. d) Keep in a case to protect from dust and dirt. To prevent dew condensation, preheat or precool when moving to a room with great temperature differences. e) When a protective tape is applied before shipping, just before use remove the tape applied for electrostatic protection. Do not reuse the tape. 4) Installing (attaching) a) Remain within the following limits when applying a static load to the package. Do not apply any load more than 0.7mm inside the outer perimeter of the glass portion, and do not apply any load or impact to limited portions. (This may cause cracks in the package.) AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA Cover glass 50N 50N 1.2Nm Plastic package Compressive strength – 19 – Torsional strength ICX098AL b) If a load is applied to the entire surface by a hard component, bending stress may be generated and the package may fracture, etc., depending on the flatness of the bottom of the package. Therefore, for installation, use either an elastic load, such as a spring plate, or an adhesive. c) The adhesive may cause the marking on the rear surface to disappear, especially in case the regulated voltage value is indicated on the rear surface. Therefore, the adhesive should not be applied to this area, and indicated values should be transferred to the other locations as a precaution. d) The notch of the package is used for directional index, and that can not be used for reference of fixing. In addition, the cover glass and seal resin may overlap with the notch of the package. e) If the lead bend repeatedly and the metal, etc., clash or rub against the package, the dust may be generated by the fragments of resin. f) Acrylate anaerobic adhesives are generally used to attach CCD image sensors. In addition, cyanoacrylate instantaneous adhesives are sometimes used jointly with acrylate anaerobic adhesives. (reference) 5) Others a) Do not expose to strong light (sun rays) for long periods. For continuous using under cruel condition exceeding the normal using condition, consult our company. b) Exposure to high temperature or humidity will affect the characteristics. Accordingly avoid storage or usage in such conditions. c) The brown stain may be seen on the bottom or side of the package. But this does not affect the CCD characteristics. d) This package has 2 kinds of internal structure. However, their package outline, optical size, and strength are the same. Structure A Structure B AAA Package Chip Metal plate (lead frame) Cross section of lead frame The cross section of lead frame can be seen on the side of the package for structure A. – 20 – – 21 – 1.0 1.27 5.0 ~ ~ GOLD PLATING 42 ALLOY 0.6g LEAD TREATMENT LEAD MATERIAL PACKAGE WEIGHT M Plastic 0.3 7.0 8.9 10.0 ± 0.1 H PACKAGE MATERIAL 1 V 14 ~ 2.5 7 8 A 0.3 0.46 1.0 2.5 7.0 PACKAGE STRUCTURE B 2.5 0.5 5.0 B' 3.35 ± 0.15 C 1.7 7 8 1.7 1 14 9. The notch of the package is used only for directional index, that must not be used for reference of fixing. 8. The thickness of the cover glass is 0.75mm, and the refractive index is 1.5. 7. The tilt of the effective image area relative to the bottom “C” is less than 25µm. The tilt of the effective image area relative to the top “D” of the cover glass is less than 25µm. 6. The height from the bottom “C” to the effective image area is 1.41 ± 0.10mm. The height from the top of the cover glass “D” to the effective image area is 1.94 ± 0.15mm. 5. The rotation angle of the effective image area relative to H and V is ± 1°. 4. The center of the effective image area relative to “B” and “B'” is (H, V) = (5.0, 5.0) ± 0.15mm. 3. The bottom “C” of the package, and the top of the cover glass “D” are the height reference. 2. The two points “B” of the package are the horizontal reference. The point “B'” of the package is the vertical reference. 1. “A” is the center of the effective image area. D 14 pin DIP (400mil) 10.16 Unit: mm 8.9 10.0 ± 0.1 2.6 1.27 3.5 ± 0.3 0° to 9° 0.25 Package Outline ICX098AL