ON LM323T 3.0 a positive voltage regulator Datasheet

ON Semiconductor
LM323, LM323A
3.0 A Positive Voltage
Regulators
The LM323,A are monolithic integrated circuits which supply a
fixed positive 5.0 V output with a load driving capability in excess of
3.0 A. These three–terminal regulators employ internal current
limiting, thermal shutdown, and safe–area compensation. The
A–suffix is an improved device with superior electrical
characteristics and a 2% output voltage tolerance. These regulators
are offered with a 0° to +125°C temperature range in a low cost
plastic power package.
Although designed primarily as a fixed voltage regulator, these
devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable
voltages and currents. These devices can be used with a series pass
transistor to supply up to 15 A at 5.0 V.
• Output Current in Excess of 3.0 A
• Available with 2% Output Voltage Tolerance
• No External Components Required
• Internal Thermal Overload Protection
• Internal Short Circuit Current Limiting
• Output Transistor Safe–Area Compensation
• Thermal Regulation and Ripple Rejection Have Specified Limits
3–AMPERE, 5 VOLT
POSITIVE
VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SEMICONDUCTOR
TECHNICAL DATA
T SUFFIX
PLASTIC PACKAGE
CASE 221A
Pin 1. Input
2. Ground
3. Output
1
2
3
Heatsink surface is connected to Pin 2.
ORDERING INFORMATION
Device
Output
Voltage
Tolerance
LM323T
4%
LM323AT
2%
Operating
Temperature
Range
Package
TJ = 0° to +125°C
Plastic
Power
Simplified Application
Input
LM323, A
Cin*
0.33µF
Output
CO**
A common ground is required between the input and the output voltages. The
input voltage must remain typically 2.5 V above the output voltage even during
the low point on the input ripple voltage.
*Cin is required if regulator is located an appreciable
*distance from power supply filter. (See Applications
*Information for details.)
**CO is not needed for stability; however, it does
**improve transient response.
 Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2002
January, 2002 – Rev. 2
1
Publication Order Number:
LM323/D
LM323, LM323A
MAXIMUM RATINGS
Symbol
Value
Unit
Input Voltage
Rating
Vin
20
Vdc
Power Dissipation
PD
Internally Limited
W
Operating Junction Temperature Range
TJ
0 to +125
°C
Storage Temperature Range
Tstg
–65 to +150
°C
Tsolder
300
°C
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 s)
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TJ = Tlow to Thigh [Note 1], unless otherwise noted.)
LM323A
Characteristics
LM323
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Output Voltage
(Vin = 7.5 V, 0 ≤ Iout ≤ 3.0 A, TJ = 25°C)
VO
4.9
5.0
5.1
4.8
5.0
5.2
V
Output Voltage
(7.5 V ≤ Vin ≤ 15 V, 0 ≤ Iout ≤ 3.0 A,
P ≤ Pmax) (Note 2)
VO
4.8
5.0
5.2
4.75
5.0
5.25
V
Line Regulation
(7.5 V ≤ Vin ≤ 15 V, TJ = 25°C) (Note 3)
Regline
–
1.0
15
–
1.0
25
mV
Load Regulation
(Vin = 7.5 V, 0 ≤ Iout ≤ 3.0 A, TJ = 25°C)
(Note 3)
Regload
–
10
50
–
10
100
mV
Thermal Regulation
(Pulse = 10 ms, P = 20 W, TA = 25°C)
Regtherm
–
0.001
0.01
–
0.002
0.03
%VO/W
Quiescent Current
(7.5 V ≤ Vin ≤ 15 V, 0 ≤ Iout ≤ 3.0 A)
IB
–
3.5
10
–
3.5
20
mA
Output Noise Voltage
(10 Hz ≤ f ≤ 100 kHz, TJ = 25°C)
VN
–
40
–
–
40
–
µVrms
Ripple Rejection
(8.0 V ≤ Vin ≤ 18 V, Iout = 2.0A,
f = 120 Hz, TJ = 25°C)
RR
66
75
–
62
75
–
dB
Short Circuit Current Limit
(Vin = 15 V, TJ = 25°C)
(Vin = 7.5 V, TJ = 25°C)
ISC
–
–
4.5
5.5
–
–
–
–
4.5
5.5
–
–
S
–
–
35
–
–
35
mV
RΘJC
–
2.0
–
–
2.0
–
°C/W
Long Term Stability
Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Case (Note 4)
A
NOTES: 1. Tlow to Thigh = 0° to +125°C
2. Although power dissipation is internally limited, specifications apply only for P ≤ Pmax = 25 W.
3. Load and line regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Pulse testing is required with a pulse width ≤ 1.0 ms and a duty cycle ≤ 5%.
4. Without a heatsink, the thermal resistance (RθJA is 65°C/W). With a heatsink, the effective thermal resistance can approach the specified values of
2.0°C/W, depending on the efficiency of the heatsink.
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LM323, LM323A
Representative Schematic Diagram
1.0k
2
1.0k
210
Q2
Q1
Q8
Q3
Q9
3.0k
Q19
5.6k
Q6
10pF
300
Q23
Q17
Q13
Q11
6.0k
40pF
6.0k
Q25
Q27
13
50
2.0k 3.9k
Q7
200
Q26
520
Q12
2.6k
100
Q24
Q16
Q10
Q21
16k
1.0k
10k
Q5
Q22
6.7V
Q20
300
Q4
Input
200
840
7.2k
Output
Q18
1.7k
Q15
Q14
0.12
2.8k
Gnd
VOLTAGE REGULATOR PERFORMANCE
2
2
1
18 V
∆ Vout , OUTPUT
VOLTAGE DEVIATION (V)
(2.0 mV/DIV)
voltage change per watt. The change in dissipated power
can be caused by a change in either input voltage or the load
current. Thermal regulation is a function of IC layout and
die attach techniques, and usually occurs within 10 ms of
a change in power dissipation. After 10 ms, additional
changes in the output voltage are due to the temperature
coefficient of the device.
Figure 1 shows the line and thermal regulation response
of a typical LM323A to a 20 W input pulse. The variation
of the output voltage due to line regulation is labeled À and
the thermal regulation component is labeled Á. Figure 2
shows the load and thermal regulation response of a typical
LM323A to a 20 W load pulse. The output voltage variation
due to load regulation is labeled À and the thermal
regulation component is labeled Á.
Iout , OUTPUT
CURRENT (A)
Vin , INPUT
VOLTAGE (V)
∆ Vout , OUTPUT
VOLTAGE DEVIATION (V)
(2.0 mV/DIV)
The performance of a voltage regulator is specified by its
immunity to changes in load, input voltage, power
dissipation, and temperature. Line and load regulation are
tested with a pulse of short duration (< 100 µs) and are
strictly a function of electrical gain. However, pulse widths
of longer duration (> 1.0 ms) are sufficient to affect
temperature gradients across the die. These temperature
gradients can cause a change in the output voltage, in
addition to changes by line and load regulation. Longer
pulse widths and thermal gradients make it desirable to
specify thermal regulation.
Thermal regulation is defined as the change in output
voltage caused by a change in dissipated power for a
specified time, and is expressed as a percentage output
8.0 V
t, TIME (2.0 ms/DIV)
Vout = 5.0 V
Vin = 8.0 V → 18 V → 8.0 V
Iout = 2.0 A
2
1
2
2.0
0
t, TIME (2.0 ms/DIV)
Vout = 5.0 V
Vin = 15 V
Iout = 0 A → 2.0 A → 0 A
1 = Regline = 2.4 mV
2 = Regtherm = 0.0015% VO/W
Figure 1. Line and Thermal Regulation
1 = Regline = 5.4 mV
2 = Regtherm = 0.0015% VO/W
Figure 2. Load and Thermal Regulation
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LM323, LM323A
10
Z O , OUTPUT IMPEDANCE (
Ω)
Vout , OUTPUT VOLTAGE (Vdc)
5.1
Vin = 10 V
Iout = 100 mA
5.0
4.9
-90
-50
-10
30
70
110
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
150
10-1
Vin = 7.5 V
Iout = 1.0 A
CO = 0
TJ = 25°C
10-2
10-3
10-4
1.0
190
Figure 3. Temperature Stability
1.0 k
10 k 100 k
f, FREQUENCY (Hz)
1.0 M
Iout = 50 mA
80
Iout = 3.0 A
60
Vin = 10 V
CO = 0
TJ = 25°C
40
20
1.0
10
100
1.0 k 10 k 100 k
f, FREQUENCY (Hz)
1.0 M
10 M
80
4.0
40
30
0.01
100 M
IB , QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA)
TJ = 150°C
2.0 TJ = 150°C
Iout = 2.0 A
TJ = 55°C
4.0
TJ = -55°C
TJ = 25°C
3.0
2.0
TJ = 150°C
1.0
Vin = 10 V
TJ = 25°C
0
5.0
10
5.0
TJ = 25°C
1.0
0.1
1.0
Iout, OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
Figure 6. Ripple Rejection versus Output Current
TJ = 55°C
3.0
Vin = 10 V
CO = 0
f = 120 Hz
TJ = 25°C
60
Figure 5. Ripple Rejection versus Frequency
0
10 M 100 M
100
RR, RIPPLE REJECTION (dB)
RR, RIPPLE REJECTION (dB)
100
Figure 4. Output Impedance
100
IB , QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA)
10
10
15
Vin, INPUT VOLTAGE (Vdc)
0
0.01
20
Figure 7. Quiescent Current versus
Input Voltage
0.1
1.0
Iout, OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
Figure 8. Quiescent Current versus
Output Current
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10
LM323, LM323A
8.0
ISC , SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT AT
ZERO VOLTS (A)
V in -Vout , INPUT TO OUTPUT
VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (Vdc)
2.5
Iout = 3.0 A
2.0
Iout = 1.0 A
1.5
Iout = 0.5 A
1.0
∆Vout = 50 mV
0.5
-90
-50
-10
30
70
110
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
150
6.0
TJ = 0°C
TJ = 25°C
4.0
TJ = 125°C
2.0
0
5.0
190
10
∆ Vout , OUTPUT VOLTAGE
DEVIATION (V)
0.8
Iout = 150 mA
CO = 0
TJ = 25°C
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
1.0
0.5
0
0
10
20
t, TIME (µs)
20
25
Figure 10. Short Circuit Current
30
40
Iout , OUTPUT
CURRENT (A)
∆ Vin , INPUT VOLTAGE
CHANGE (V)
∆ Vout , OUTPUT VOLTAGE
DEVIATION (V)
Figure 9. Dropout Voltage
15
Vin, INPUT VOLTAGE (Vdc)
0.3
Vin = 10 V
CO = 0
TJ = 25°C
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
Figure 11. Line Transient Response
0
10
20
t, TIME (µs)
30
40
Figure 12. Load Transient Response
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Design Considerations
regulator is connected to the power supply filter with long
wire lengths, or if the output load capacitance is large. An
input bypass capacitor should be selected to provide good
high–frequency characteristics to insure stable operation
under all load conditions. A 0.33 µF or larger tantalum,
mylar, or other capacitor having low internal impedance at
high frequencies should be chosen. The bypass capacitor
should be mounted with the shortest possible leads directly
across the regulator’s input terminals. Normally good
construction techniques should be used to minimize ground
loops and lead resistance drops since the regulator has no
external sense lead.
The LM323,A series of fixed voltage regulators are
designed with Thermal Overload Protection that shuts
down the circuit when subjected to an excessive power
overload condition, Internal Short Circuit Protection that
limits the maximum current the circuit will pass, and
Output Transistor Safe–Area Compensation that reduces
the output short circuit current as the voltage across the pass
transistor is increased.
In many low current applications, compensation
capacitors are not required. However, it is recommended
that the regulator input be bypassed with a capacitor if the
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LM323, LM323A
LM323, A
Input
R
0.33µF
IO
Input
Constant
Current to
Grounded Load
Output
LM323, A
7
0.33µF
The LM323,A regulator can also be used as a current source when
connected as above. Resistor R determines the current as follows:
6
-
MC1741
+
1.0k
2
0.1µF
3
10k
4
IO = 5.0 V + IB
R
VO, 8.0 V to 20 V
∆IB 0.7 mA over line, load and temperature changes
IB 3.5 mA
For example, a 2.0 A current source would require R to be a 2.5Ω,
15W resistor and the output voltage compliance would be the input
voltage less 7.5 V.
The addition of an operational amplifier allows adjustment to higher or
intermediate values while retaining regulation characteristics. The
minimum voltage obtainable with this arrangement is 3.0 V greater
than the regulator voltage.
Figure 13. Current Regulator
Figure 14. Adjustable Output Regulator
2N4398 or Equiv
R
Input
LM323, A
Rsc
Output
R
1.0µF
Vin - VO ≥ 2.5 V
0.1µF
2N4398
or Equiv.
MJ2955
or Equiv.
LM323, A
1.0µF
Output
The LM323, A series can be current boosted with a PNP transistor. The
2N4398 provides current to 15 A. Resistor R in conjunction with the VBE
of the PNP determines when the pass transistor begins conducting; this
circuit is not short circuit proof. Input-output differential voltage
minimum is increased by the VBE of the pass transistor.
The circuit of Figure 16 can be modified to provide supply protection
against short circuits by adding a short circuit sense resistor, RSC, and
an additional PNP transistor. The current sensing PNP must be able to
handle the short circuit current of the three-terminal regulator.
Therefore, an 8.0 A power transistor is specified.
Figure 15. Current Boost Regulator
Figure 16. Current Boost with
Short Circuit Protection
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LM323, LM323A
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
T SUFFIX
PLASTIC PACKAGE
CASE 221A–09
ISSUE AA
SEATING
PLANE
–T–
B
C
F
T
S
4
DIM
A
B
C
D
F
G
H
J
K
L
N
Q
R
S
T
U
V
Z
A
Q
1 2 3
U
H
K
Z
L
R
V
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI
Y14.5M, 1982.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH.
3. DIMENSION Z DEFINES A ZONE WHERE ALL
BODY AND LEAD IRREGULARITIES ARE
ALLOWED.
J
G
D
N
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7
INCHES
MIN
MAX
0.570
0.620
0.380
0.405
0.160
0.190
0.025
0.035
0.142
0.147
0.095
0.105
0.110
0.155
0.018
0.025
0.500
0.562
0.045
0.060
0.190
0.210
0.100
0.120
0.080
0.110
0.045
0.055
0.235
0.255
0.000
0.050
0.045
----0.080
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
14.48
15.75
9.66
10.28
4.07
4.82
0.64
0.88
3.61
3.73
2.42
2.66
2.80
3.93
0.46
0.64
12.70
14.27
1.15
1.52
4.83
5.33
2.54
3.04
2.04
2.79
1.15
1.39
5.97
6.47
0.00
1.27
1.15
----2.04
LM323, LM323A
ON Semiconductor and
are trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes
without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular
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including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or
specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be
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LM323/D
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