LM5002 High Voltage Switch Mode Regulator General Description Features The LM5002 high voltage switch mode regulator features all of the functions necessary to implement efficient high voltage Boost, Flyback, SEPIC and Forward converters, using few external components. This easy to use regulator integrates a 75 Volt N-Channel MOSFET with a 0.5 Amp peak current limit. Current mode control provides inherently simple loop compensation and line-voltage feed-forward for superior rejection of input transients. The switching frequency is set with a single resistor and is programmable up to 1.5MHz. The oscillator can also be synchronized to an external clock. Additional protection features include: current limit, thermal shutdown, under-voltage lockout and remote shutdown capability. The device is available in both SO-8 and LLP-8 packages. ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Integrated 75 volt N-Channel MOSFET Ultra-wide input voltage range from 3.1V to 75V Integrated high voltage bias regulator Adjustable output voltage 1.5% output voltage accuracy Current mode control with selectable compensation Wide bandwidth error amplifier Integrated current sensing and limiting Integrated slope compensation 85% maximum duty cycle limit Single resistor oscillator programming Oscillator synchronization capability Enable / Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO) pin Thermal shutdown Packages ■ SO-8 ■ LLP-8 (4mm x 4mm) Typical Application Circuit 30004501 Boost Regulator Application Schematic © 2009 National Semiconductor Corporation 300045 www.national.com LM5002 High Voltage Switch Mode Regulator March 9, 2009 LM5002 Connection Diagrams Top View SO-8 Package Top View LLP-8 Package 30004503 30004502 Ordering Information Order Number Package Type NSC Package Drawing Supplied As LM5002MA SO-8 M08A 95 Units in a Rail LM5002MAX SO-8 M08A 2500 Units on Tape and Reel LM5002SD LLP-8 SDC08A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel LM5002SDX LLP-8 SDC08A 4500 Units on Tape and Reel Pin Descriptions Pin Name Description Application Information SW Switch pin The drain terminal of the internal power MOSFET. VIN Input supply pin Nominal operating range: 3.1V to 75V. SO LLP 1 3 2 4 3 5 VCC Bias regulator output, or input for external VCC tracks VIN up to 6.9V. Above VIN = 6.9V, VCC is bias supply regulated to 6.9 Volts. A 0.47 µF or greater ceramic decoupling capacitor is required. An external voltage (7V – 12V) can be applied to this pin which disables the internal VCC regulator to reduce internal power dissipation and improve converter efficiency. 4 6 GND Ground Internal reference for the regulator control functions and the power MOSFET current sense resistor connection. 5 7 RT Oscillator frequency programming and optional synchronization pulse input The internal oscillator is set with a resistor, between this pin and the GND pin. The recommended frequency range is 50KHz to 1.5 MHz. The RT pin can accept synchronization pulses from an external clock. A 100 pF capacitor is recommended for coupling the synchronizing clock to the RT pin. 6 8 FB Feedback input from the regulated output This pin is connected to the inverting input of the internal voltage error amplifier. The 1.26V reference is internally connected to the non-inverting input of the error amplifier. 7 1 COMP www.national.com Open drain output of the internal error amplifier 2 The loop compensation network should be connected between the COMP pin and the FB pin. COMP pull-up is provided by an internal 5 kΩ resistor which may be used to bias an opto-coupler transistor (while FB is grounded) for isolated ground applications. SO LLP 8 2 NA EP Name Description Application Information EN Enable / Under Voltage Lock-Out / Shutdown input An external voltage divider can be used to set the line undervoltage lockout threshold. If the EN pin is left unconnected, a 6 µA pull-up current source pulls the EN pin high to enable the regulator. EP Exposed Pad, LLP only Exposed metal pad on the underside of the package with a resistive connection to pin 6. It is recommended to connect this pad to the PC board ground plane in order to improve heat dissipation. 3 www.national.com LM5002 Pin LM5002 Storage Temperature ESD Rating (Note 2) Human Body Model Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. VIN to GND SW to GND (Steady State) VCC, EN to GND COMP, FB, RT to GND Maximum Junction Temperature −65°C to +150°C 2kV Operating Conditions 76V -0.3V to 76V 14V -0.3V to 7V 150°C VIN Operating Junction Temperature 3.1V to 75V −40°C to +125°C Electrical Characteristics Limits in standard type are for TJ = 25°C only; limits in boldface type apply over the junction temperature (TJ) range of -40°C to +125°C. Minimum and Maximum limits are guaranteed through test, design, or statistical correlation. Typical values represent the most likely parametric norm at TJ = 25°C, and are provided for reference purposes only. VVIN = 10V, RRT = 48.7kΩ unless otherwise stated. See (Note 3). Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units 6.55 6.85 7.15 V STARTUP REGULATOR VVCC-REG VCC Regulator Output VCC Current Limit VVCC = 6V 15 20 VCC UVLO Threshold VVCC increasing 2.6 2.8 VCC Undervoltage Hysteresis IQ mA 3 V 0.1 V Bias Current (IIN) VFB = 1.5V 3.1 4.5 mA Shutdown Current (IIN) VEN = 0V 95 130 µA EN Shutdown Threshold VEN increasing 0.45 0.65 V EN THRESHOLDS 0.25 EN Shutdown Hysteresis EN Standby Threshold 0.1 VEN increasing 1.2 EN Standby Hysteresis EN Current Source 1.26 V 1.32 V 0.1 V 6 µA MOSFET CHARACTERISTICS MOSFET RDS(ON) plus Current Sense Resistance ID = 0.25A 850 1600 mΩ MOSFET Leakage Current VSW = 75V 0.05 5 µA MOSFET Gate Charge VVCC = 6.9V 2.4 nC CURRENT LIMIT ILIM Cycle by Cycle Current Limit 0.4 Cycle by Cycle Current Limit Delay 0.5 0.6 A 100 200 ns OSCILLATOR FSW1 Frequency1 RRT = 48.7 kΩ 225 260 295 KHz FSW2 Frequency2 RRT = 15.8 kΩ 660 780 900 KHz 2.2 2.6 3.2 VRT-SYNC SYNC Threshold SYNC Pulse Width Minimum VRT > VRT-SYNC + 0.5V 15 V ns PWM COMPARATOR Maximum Duty Cycle VCOMP-OS www.national.com 80 85 90 % Min On-time VCOMP > VCOMP-OS 25 ns Min On-time VCOMP < VCOMP-OS 0 ns COMP to PWM Comparator Offset 0.9 4 1.30 1.55 V Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units 1.241 1.260 1.279 V ERROR AMPLIFIER VFB-REF Feedback Reference Voltage Internal reference VFB = VCOMP FB Bias Current 10 DC Gain nA 72 dB COMP Sink Current VCOMP = 250mV 2.5 mA COMP Short Circuit Current VFB = 0, VCOMP = 0 0.9 1.2 1.5 COMP Open Circuit Voltage VFB = 0 4.8 5.5 6.2 mA V COMP to SW Delay 42 ns Unity Gain Bandwidth 3 MHz Thermal Shutdown Threshold 165 °C Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis 20 °C THERMAL SHUTDOWN TSD THERMAL RESISTANCE θJC Junction to Case, SO-8 32 °C/W θJA Junction to Ambient, SO-8 140 °C/W θJC Junction to Case, LLP-8 4.5 °C/W θJA Junction to Ambient, LLP-8 40 °C/W Note 1: Absolute maximum ratings are limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings are conditions for which the device is intended to be functional, but device parameter specifications may not be guaranteed. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. Note 2: The human body model is a 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5kΩ resistor into each pin. Test Method is per JESD-22-A114. Note 3: Min and Max limits are 100% production tested at 25°C. Limits over the operating temperature range are guaranteed through correlation using Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. Limits are used to calculate National’s Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL). 5 www.national.com LM5002 Symbol LM5002 Typical Performance Characteristics Efficiency, Boost Converter VFB vs Temperature 30004518 30004519 IQ (non-switching) vs VIN VCC vs VIN 30004520 30004521 RDS(ON) vs VCC RDS(ON) vs Temperature 30004522 www.national.com 30004523 6 LM5002 ILIM vs VCC ILIM vs VCC vs Temperature 30004524 30004525 FSW vs RRT FSW vs Temperature 30004526 30004527 FSW vs VCC IEN vs VVIN vs Temperature 30004528 30004529 7 www.national.com LM5002 Block Diagram 30004504 ceeding 0.5A. This feature can also be used to soft-start the regulator. Thermal Shutdown circuitry holds the driver logic in reset when the die temperature reaches 165°C, and returns to normal operation when the die temperature drops by approximately 20°C. The EN pin can be used as an input voltage under voltage lockout (UVLO) during start-up to prevent operation with less than the minimum desired input voltage. Functional Description The LM5002 high voltage switching regulator features all the functions necessary to implement an efficient boost, flyback, SEPIC or forward current mode power converter. The operation can be best understood by referring to the block diagram. At the start of each cycle, the oscillator sets the driver logic and turns on the power MOSFET to conduct current through the inductor or transformer. The peak current in the MOSFET is controlled by the voltage at the COMP pin. The COMP voltage will increase with larger loads and decrease with smaller loads. This voltage is compared with the sum of a voltage proportional to the power MOSFET current and an internally generated Slope Compensation ramp. Slope Compensation is used in current mode PWM architectures to eliminate sub-harmonic current oscillation that occurs with static duty cycles greater than 50%. When the summed signal exceeds the COMP voltage, the PWM comparator resets the driver logic, turning off the power MOSFET. The driver logic is then set by the oscillator at the end of the switching cycle to initiate the next power period. The LM5002 has dedicated protection circuitry to protect the IC from abnormal operating conditions. Cycle-by-cycle current limiting prevents the power MOSFET current from exwww.national.com High Voltage VCC Regulator The LM5002 VCC Low Drop Out (LDO) regulator allows the LM5002 to operate at the lowest possible input voltage. The VCC pin voltage is very nearly equal to the input voltage from 2.8V up to approximately 6.9V. As the input voltage continues to increase, the VCC pin voltage is regulated at the 6.9V setpoint. The total input operating range of the VCC LDO regulator is 3.1V to 75V. The output of the VCC regulator is current limited to 20mA. During power-up, the VCC regulator supplies current into the required decoupling capacitor (0.47 µF or greater ceramic capacitor) at the VCC pin. When the voltage at the VCC pin exceeds the VCC UVLO threshold of 2.8V and the EN pin is greater than 1.26V the PWM controller is enabled and switch- 8 Enable / Standby The LM5002 contains a dual level Enable circuit. When the EN pin voltage is below 450 mV, the IC is in a low current shutdown mode with the VCC LDO disabled. When the EN pin voltage is raised above the shutdown threshold but below the 1.26V standby threshold, the VCC LDO regulator is enabled, while the remainder of the IC is disabled. When the EN pin voltage is raised above the 1.26V standby threshold, all functions are enabled and normal operation begins. An internal 6 µA current source pulls up the EN pin to activate the IC when the EN pin is left disconnected. An external set-point resistor divider from VIN to GND can be used to determine the minimum operating input range of the regulator. The divider must be designed such that the EN pin exceeds the 1.26V standby threshold when VIN is in the desired operating range. The internal 6 µA current source should be included when determining the resistor values. The shutdown and standby thresholds have 100 mV hysteresis to prevent noise from toggling between modes. When the VIN voltage is below 3.5VDC during start-up and the operating temperature is below -20°C, the EN pin should have a pull-up resistor that will provide 2 µA or greater current. The EN pin is internally protected by a 6V Zener diode through a 1 kΩ resistor. The enabling voltage may exceed the Zener voltage, however the Zener current should be limited to less than 4mA. Oscillator A single external resistor connected between RT and GND pins sets the LM5002 oscillator frequency. To set a desired oscillator frequency (FSW), the necessary value for the RT resistor can be calculated from the following equation: The tolerance of the external resistor and the frequency tolerance indicated in the Electrical Characteristics must be taken into account when determining the worst case frequency range. Error Amplifier and PWM Comparator External Synchronization An internal high gain error amplifier generates an error signal proportional to the difference between the regulated output voltage and an internal precision reference. The output of the error amplifier is connected to the COMP pin allowing the user to add loop compensation, typically a Type II network, as illustrated in Figure 1. This network creates a low frequency pole that rolls off the high DC gain of the amplifier, which is necessary to accurately regulate the output voltage. FDC_POLE is the closed loop unity gain (0 dB) frequency of this pole. A zero provides phase boost near the closed loop unity gain frequency, and a high frequency pole attenuates switching noise. The PWM comparator compares the current sense signal from the current sense amplifier to the error amplifier output voltage at the COMP pin. The LM5002 can be synchronized to the rising edge of an external clock. The external clock must have a higher frequency than the free running oscillator frequency set by the RT resistor. The clock signal should be coupled through a 100pF capacitor into the RT pin. A peak voltage level greater than 2.6V at the RT pin is required for detection of the sync pulse. The DC voltage across the RT resistor is internally regulated at 1.5 volts. The negative portion of the AC voltage of the synchronizing clock is clamped to this 1.5V by an amplifier inside the LM5002 with ~100Ω output impedance. Therefore, the AC pulse superimposed on the RT resistor must have positive pulse amplitude of 1.1V or greater to successfully synchronize the oscillator. The sync pulse width measured at the RT pin should have a duration greater than 9 www.national.com LM5002 15ns and less than 5% of the switching period. The sync pulse rising edge initiates the internal CLK signal rising edge, which turns off the power MOSFET. The RT resistor is always required, whether the oscillator is free running or externally synchronized. The RT resistor should be located very close to the device and connected directly to the RT and GND pins of the LM5002. ing begins. The controller remains enabled until VCC falls below 2.7V or the EN pin falls below 1.16V. An auxiliary supply voltage can be applied to the VCC pin to reduce the IC power dissipation. If the auxiliary voltage is greater than 6.9V, the internal regulator will essentially shutoff, and internal power dissipation will be decreased by the VIN voltage times the operating current. The overall converter efficiency will also improve if the VIN voltage is much higher than the auxiliary voltage. The externally applied VCC voltage should not exceed 14V. The VCC regulator series pass MOSFET includes a body diode (see the Block Diagram) between VCC and VIN that should not be forward biased in normal operation. Therefore, the auxiliary VCC voltage should never exceed the VIN voltage. In high voltage applications extra care should be taken to ensure the VIN pin does not exceed the absolute maximum voltage rating of 76V. Voltage ringing on the VIN line during line transients that exceeds the Absolute Maximum Ratings will damage the IC. Both careful PC board layout and the use of quality bypass capacitors located close to the VIN and GND pins are essential. LM5002 30004506 FIGURE 1. Type II Compensator When isolation between primary and secondary circuits is required, the Error Amplifier is usually disabled by connecting the FB pin to GND. This allows the COMP pin to be driven directly by the collector of an opto-coupler. In isolated designs the external error amplifier is located on the secondary circuit and drives the opto-coupler LED. The compensation network is connected to the secondary side error amplifier. An example of an isolated regulator with an opto-coupler is shown in Figure 7. volts when the power MOSFET turns on, and 450mV at the end of the PWM clock cycle) adds a fixed slope to the current sense ramp to prevent oscillation. To prevent erratic operation at low duty cycle, a leading edge blanking circuit attenuates the current sense signal when the power MOSFET is turned on. When the MOSFET is initially turned on, current spikes from the power MOSFET drainsource and gate-source capacitances flow through the current sense resistor. These transient currents normally cease within 50 ns with proper selection of rectifier diodes and proper PC board layout. Current Amplifier and Slope Compensation Thermal Protection The LM5002 employs peak current mode control which also provides a cycle-by-cycle over current protection feature. An internal 100 mΩ current sense resistor measures the current in the power MOSFET source. The sense resistor voltage is amplified 30 times to provide a 3V/A signal into the current limit comparator. Current limiting is initiated if the internal current limit comparator input exceeds the 1.5V threshold, corresponding to 0.5A. When the current limit comparator is triggered, the SW output pin immediately switches to a high impedance state. The current sense signal is reduced to a scale factor of 2.1V/ A for the PWM comparator signal. The signal is then summed with a 450mV peak slope compensation ramp. The combined signal provides the PWM comparator with a control signal that reaches 1.5V when the MOSFET current is 0.5A. For duty cycles greater than 50%, current mode control circuits are subject to sub-harmonic oscillation (alternating between short and long PWM pulses every other cycle). Adding a fixed slope voltage ramp signal (slope compensation) to the current sense signal prevents this oscillation. The 450mV ramp (zero www.national.com Internal Thermal Shutdown circuitry is provided to protect the IC in the event the maximum junction temperature is exceeded. When the 165°C junction temperature threshold is reached, the regulator is forced into a low power standby state, disabling all functions except the VCC regulator. Thermal hysteresis allows the IC to cool down before it is reenabled. Note that since the VCC regulator remains functional during this period, the soft-start circuit shown in Figure 5 should be augmented if soft-start from Thermal Shutdown state is required. Power MOSFET The LM5002 switching regulator includes an N-Channel MOSFET with 850 mΩ on-resistance. The on-resistance of the LM5002 MOSFET varies with temperature as shown in the Typical Performance Characteristics graph. The typical total gate charge for the MOSFET is 2.4 nC which is supplied from the VCC pin when the MOSFET is turned on. 10 The following information is intended to provide guidelines for the power supply designer using the LM5002. VIN The voltage applied to the VIN pin can vary within the range of 3.1V to 75V. The current into the VIN pin depends primarily on the gate charge of the power MOSFET, the switching frequency, and any external load on the VCC pin. It is recommended the filter shown in Figure 2 be used to suppress transients which may occur at the input supply. This is particularly important when VIN is operated close to the maximum operating rating of the LM5002. When power is applied and the VIN voltage exceeds 2.8V with the EN pin voltage greater than 0.45V, the VCC regulator is enabled, supplying current into the external capacitor connected to the VCC pin. When the VIN voltage is between 2.8V and 6.9V, the VCC voltage is approximately equal to the VIN voltage. When the voltage on the VCC pin exceeds 6.9V, the VCC pin voltage is regulated at 6.9V. In typical flyback applications, an auxiliary transformer winding is connected through a diode to the VCC pin. This winding must raise the VCC voltage above 6.9V to shut off the internal start-up regulator. The current requirements from this winding are relatively small, typically less than 20 mA. If the VIN voltage is much higher than the auxiliary voltage, the auxiliary winding will significantly improve conversion efficiency. It also reduces the power dissipation within the LM5002. The externally applied VCC voltage should never exceed 14V. Also the applied VCC should never exceed the VIN voltage to avoid reverse current through the internal VCC to VIN diode shown in the LM5002 block diagram. EN / UVLO VOLTAGE DIVIDER SELECTION Two dedicated comparators connected to the EN pin are used to detect under-voltage and shutdown conditions. When the EN pin voltage is below 0.45V, the controller is in a low current shutdown mode where the VIN current is reduced to 95 µA. For an EN pin voltage greater than 0.45V but less than 1.26V the controller is in standby mode, with all internal circuits operational, but the PWM gate driver signal is blocked. Once the EN pin voltage is greater than 1.26V, the controller is fully enabled. Two external resistors can be used to program the minimum operational voltage for the power converter as shown in Figure 3. When the EN pin voltage falls below the 1.26V threshold, an internal 100 mV threshold hysteresis prevents noise from toggling the state, so the voltage must be reduced to 1.16V to transition to standby. Resistance values for R1 and R2 can be determined from the following equations: where V PWR is the desired turn-on voltage and IDIVIDER is an arbitrary current through R1 and R2. For example, if the LM5002 is to be enabled when VPWR reaches 16V, IDIVIDER could be chosen as 501 µA which would set R1 to 29.4 kΩ and R2 to 2.49 kΩ. The voltage at the EN pin should not exceed 10V unless the current into the 6V protection Zener diode is limited below 4 mA. The EN pin voltage should not exceed 14V at any time. Be sure to check both the power and voltage rating (some 0603 resistors are rated as low as 50V) for the selected R1 resistor. 30004507 FIGURE 2. Input Transient Protection SW PIN Attention must be given to the PC board layout for the SW pin which connects to the power MOSFET drain. Energy can be 11 www.national.com LM5002 stored in parasitic inductance and capacitance which cause switching spikes that negatively effect efficiency, and conducted and radiated emissions. These connections should be as short as possible to reduce inductance and as wide as possible to reduce resistance. The loop area, defined by the SW and GND pin connections, the transformer or inductor terminals, and their respective return paths, should be minimized. Application Information LM5002 30004510 FIGURE 3. Basic EN (UVLO) Configuration Remote configuration of the controller’s operational modes can be accomplished with open drain device(s) connected to the EN pin as shown in Figure 4. A MOSFET or an NPN transistor connected to the EN pin can force the regulator into the low power ‘off’ state. Adding a PN diode in the drain (or collector) provides the offset to achieve the standby state. The advantage of standby is that the VCC LDO is not disabled and external circuitry powered by VCC remains functional. 30004511 FIGURE 4. Remote Standby and Disable Control resistor (~5 kΩ) will supply the charging current to the SS capacitor. The SS capacitor will cause the COMP voltage to gradually increase, until the output voltage achieves regulation and FB assumes control of the COMP and the PWM duty cycle. The SS capacitor continues charging through a large resistance, RSS, preventing the SS circuit from interfering with the normal error amplifier function. During shutdown, the VCC diode discharges the SS capacitor. SOFTSTART Soft-start (SS) can be implemented with an external capacitor connected to COMP through a diode as shown in Figure 5. The COMP discharge MOSFET conducts during Shutdown and Standby modes to keep the COMP voltage below the PWM offset (1.3V), which inhibits PWM pulses. The error amplifier will attempt to raise the COMP voltage after the EN pin exceeds the 1.26V standby threshold. Because the error amplifier output can only sink current, the internal COMP pull-up www.national.com 12 LM5002 30004512 FIGURE 5. Soft-Start 13 www.national.com LM5002 pacitance is small, the soft-start circuit can be adjusted to limit the power-on output voltage overshoot. If the output capacitance is sufficiently large, no soft-start circuit is needed because the LM5002 will gradually charge the output capacitor by current limiting at approximately 500mA (ILIM) until regulation is achieved. Printed Circuit Board Layout The LM5002 Current Sense and PWM comparators are very fast and may respond to short duration noise pulses. The components at the SW, COMP, EN and the RT pins should be as physically close as possible to the IC, thereby minimizing noise pickup on the PC board tracks. The SW output pin of the LM5002 should have a short, wide conductor to the power path inductors, transformers and capacitors in order to minimize parasitic inductance that reduces efficiency and increases conducted and radiated noise. Ceramic decoupling capacitors are recommended between the VIN pin to the GND pin and between the VCC pin to the GND pin. Use short, direct connections to avoid clock jitter due to ground voltage differentials. Small package surface mount X7R or X5R capacitors are preferred for high frequency performance and limited variation over temperature and applied voltage. If an application using the LM5002 produces high junction temperatures during normal operation, multiple vias from the GND pin to a PC board ground plane will help conduct heat away from the IC. Judicious positioning of the PC board within the end product, along with use of any available air flow will help reduce the junction temperatures. If using forced air cooling, avoid placing the LM5002 in the airflow shadow of large components, such as input capacitors, inductors or transformers. ISOLATED FLYBACK The Isolated Flyback converter (Figure 7) utilizes a 2.5V voltage reference (LM431) located on the isolated secondary side for the regulation setpoint. The LM5002 internal error amplifier is disabled by grounding the FB pin. The LM431 controls the current through the opto-coupler LED, which sets the COMP pin voltage. The R4 and C3 network boosts the phase response of the opto-coupler to increase the loop bandwidth. The output is +5V at 500mA and the input voltage ranges from 16V to 42V. The switching frequency is set to 250kHz. BOOST The Boost converter (Figure 8) utilizes the internal voltage reference for the regulation setpoint. The output is +48V at 125 mA, while the input voltage can vary from 16V to 36V. The switching frequency is set to 250kHz. The internal VCC regulator provides 6.9V bias power, since there isn’t a simple method for creating an auxiliary voltage with the boost topology. Note that the boost topology does not provide output short-circuit protection because the power MOSFET cannot interrupt the path between the input and the output. Application Circuit Examples 24V SEPIC The 24V SEPIC converter (Figure 9) utilizes the internal voltage reference for the regulation setpoint. The output is +24V at 125 mA while the input voltage can vary from 16V to 48V. The switching frequency is set to 250kHz. The internal VCC regulator provides 6.9V bias power for the LM5002. An auxiliary voltage can be created by adding a winding on L2 and a diode into the VCC pin. The following schematics present examples of a Non-Isolated Flyback, Isolated Flyback, Boost, 24V SEPIC and a 12V Automotive range SEPIC converters utilizing the LM5002 switching regulator. NON-ISOLATED FLYBACK The Non-Isolated Flyback converter (Figure 6) utilizes the internal voltage reference for the regulation setpoint. The output is +5V at 500mA while the input voltage can vary from 16V to 42V. The switching frequency is set to 250kHz. An auxiliary winding on transformer (T1) provides 7.5V to power the LM5002 when the output is in regulation. This disables the internal high voltage VCC LDO regulator and improves efficiency. The input under-voltage threshold is 13.9V. The converter can be shut down by driving the EN input below 1.26V with an open-collector or open-drain transistor. An external synchronizing frequency can be applied to the SYNC input. An optional soft-start circuit is connected to the COMP pin input. When power is applied, the soft-start capacitor (C7) is discharged and limits the voltage applied to the PWM comparator by the internal error amplifier. The internal ~5 kΩ COMP pull-up resistor charges the soft-start capacitor until regulation is achieved. The VCC pull-up resistor (R7) continues to charge C7 so that the soft-start circuit will not affect the compensation network in normal operation. If the output ca- www.national.com 12V AUTOMOTIVE SEPIC The 12V Automotive SEPIC converter (Figure 10) utilizes the internal bandgap voltage reference for the regulation setpoint. The output is +12V at 25 mA while the input voltage can vary from 3.1V to 60V. The output current rating can be increased if the minimum VIN voltage requirement is increased. The switching frequency is set to 750kHz. The internal VCC regulator provides 6.9V bias power for the LM5002. The output voltage can be used as an auxiliary voltage if the nominal VIN voltage is greater than 12V by adding a diode from the output into the VCC pin. In this configuration, the minimum input voltage must be greater than 12V to prevent the internal VCC to VIN diode from conducting. If the applied VCC voltage exceeds the minimum VIN voltage, then an external blocking diode is required between the VIN pin and the power source to block current flow from VCC to the input supply. 14 LM5002 30004513 FIGURE 6. Non-Isolated Flyback 30004514 FIGURE 7. Isolated Flyback 15 www.national.com LM5002 30004515 FIGURE 8. Boost 30004516 FIGURE 9. 24V SEPIC 30004517 FIGURE 10. 12V SEPIC www.national.com 16 LM5002 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted 8-Lead SO-8 Package NS Package Number M08A 8-Lead LLP Package NS Package Number SDC08A 17 www.national.com LM5002 High Voltage Switch Mode Regulator Notes For more National Semiconductor product information and proven design tools, visit the following Web sites at: Products Design Support Amplifiers www.national.com/amplifiers WEBENCH® Tools www.national.com/webench Audio www.national.com/audio App Notes www.national.com/appnotes Clock and Timing www.national.com/timing Reference Designs www.national.com/refdesigns Data Converters www.national.com/adc Samples www.national.com/samples Interface www.national.com/interface Eval Boards www.national.com/evalboards LVDS www.national.com/lvds Packaging www.national.com/packaging Power Management www.national.com/power Green Compliance www.national.com/quality/green Switching Regulators www.national.com/switchers Distributors www.national.com/contacts LDOs www.national.com/ldo Quality and Reliability www.national.com/quality LED Lighting www.national.com/led Feedback/Support www.national.com/feedback Voltage Reference www.national.com/vref Design Made Easy www.national.com/easy PowerWise® Solutions www.national.com/powerwise Solutions www.national.com/solutions Serial Digital Interface (SDI) www.national.com/sdi Mil/Aero www.national.com/milaero Temperature Sensors www.national.com/tempsensors SolarMagic™ www.national.com/solarmagic Wireless (PLL/VCO) www.national.com/wireless Analog University® www.national.com/AU THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION (“NATIONAL”) PRODUCTS. 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