ATMEL AT90LS2343-4SC 8-bit microcontroller with 2k bytes of in-system programmable flash Datasheet

Features
• Utilizes the AVR® RISC Architecture
• AVR – High-performance and Low-power RISC Architecture
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– 118 Powerful Instructions – Most Single Clock Cycle Execution
– 32 x 8 General-purpose Working Registers
– Up to 10 MIPS Throughput at 10 MHz
Data and Nonvolatile Program Memory
– 2K Bytes of In-System Programmable Flash
Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles
– 128 Bytes Internal RAM
– 128 Bytes of In-System Programmable EEPROM
Endurance: 100,000 Write/Erase Cycles
– Programming Lock for Flash Program and EEPROM Data Security
Peripheral Features
– One 8-bit Timer/Counter with Separate Prescaler
– Programmable Watchdog Timer with On-chip Oscillator
– SPI Serial Interface for In-System Programming
Special Microcontroller Features
– Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes
– External and Internal Interrupt Sources
– Power-on Reset Circuit
– Selectable On-chip RC Oscillator
Specifications
– Low-power, High-speed CMOS Process Technology
– Fully Static Operation
Power Consumption at 4 MHz, 3V, 25°C
– Active: 2.4 mA
– Idle Mode: 0.5 mA
– Power-down Mode: <1 µA
I/O and Packages
– Three Programmable I/O Lines for AT90S/LS2323
– Five Programmable I/O Lines for AT90S/LS2343
– 8-pin PDIP and SOIC
Operating Voltages
– 4.0 - 6.0V for AT90S2323/AT90S2343
– 2.7 - 6.0V for AT90LS2323/AT90LS2343
Speed Grades
– 0 - 10 MHz for AT90S2323/AT90S2343-10
– 0 - 4 MHz for AT90LS2323/AT90LS2343-4
– 0 - 1 MHz for AT90LS2343-1
8-bit
Microcontroller
with 2K Bytes of
In-System
Programmable
Flash
AT90S2323
AT90LS2323
AT90S2343
AT90LS2343
Pin Configuration
PDIP/SOIC
RESET
(CLOCK) PB3
PB4
GND
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
VCC
PB2 (SCK/T0)
PB1 (MISO/INT0)
PB0 (MOSI)
AT90S/LS2343
RESET
XTAL1
XTAL2
GND
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
VCC
PB2 (SCK/T0)
PB1 (MISO/INT0)
PB0 (MOSI)
AT90S/LS2323
Rev. 1004D–09/01
1
Description
The AT90S/LS2323 and AT90S/LS2343 are low-power, CMOS, 8-bit microcontrollers
based on the AVR RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single
clock cycle, the AT90S2323/2343 achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz
allowing the system designer to optimize power consumption versus processing speed.
The AVR core combines a rich instruction set with 32 general-purpose working registers. All the 32 registers are directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU),
allowing two independent registers to be accessed in one single instruction executed in
one clock cycle. The resulting architecture is more code efficient while achieving
throughputs up to ten times faster than conventional CISC microcontrollers.
Block Diagram
Figure 1. The AT90S/LS2343 Block Diagram
VCC
8-BIT DATA BUS
INTERNAL
OSCILLATOR
GND
PROGRAM
COUNTER
STACK
POINTER
WATCHDOG
TIMER
PROGRAM
FLASH
SRAM
MCU CONTROL
REGISTER
INSTRUCTION
REGISTER
INSTRUCTION
DECODER
CONTROL
LINES
TIMING AND
CONTROL
RESET
TIMER/
COUNTER
GENERAL
PURPOSE
REGISTERS
X
Y
Z
INTERRUPT
UNIT
ALU
EEPROM
STATUS
REGISTER
PROGRAMMING
LOGIC
SPI
DATA REGISTER
PORTB
DATA DIR.
REG. PORTB
PORTB DRIVERS
PB0 - PB4
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AT90S/LS2323/2343
1004D–09/01
AT90S/LS2323/2343
Figure 2. The AT90S/LS2323 Block Diagram
VCC
8-BIT DATA BUS
INTERNAL
OSCILLATOR
GND
PROGRAM
COUNTER
STACK
POINTER
WATCHDOG
TIMER
PROGRAM
FLASH
SRAM
MCU CONTROL
REGISTER
INSTRUCTION
REGISTER
INSTRUCTION
DECODER
CONTROL
LINES
TIMING AND
CONTROL
RESET
TIMER/
COUNTER
GENERAL
PURPOSE
REGISTERS
X
Y
Z
INTERRUPT
UNIT
ALU
EEPROM
STATUS
REGISTER
PROGRAMMING
LOGIC
SPI
OSCILLATOR
DATA REGISTER
PORTB
DATA DIR.
REG. PORTB
PORTB DRIVERS
PB0 - PB2
The AT90S2323/2343 provides the following features: 2K bytes of In-System Programmabl e Flash, 128 bytes EEPROM, 128 bytes SRAM, 3 (A T90S/LS2323)/5
(AT90S/LS2343) general-purpose I/O lines, 32 general-purpose working registers, an 8bit timer/counter, internal and external interrupts, programmable Watchdog Timer with
internal oscillator, an SPI serial port for Flash Memory downloading and two softwareselectable power-saving modes. The Idle mode stops the CPU while allowing the
SRAM, timer/counters, SPI port and interrupt system to continue functioning. The
Power-down mode saves the register contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all
other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset.
The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology.
The On-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system through
an SPI serial interface. By combining an 8-bit RISC CPU with ISP Flash on a monolithic
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chip, the Atmel AT90S2323/2343 is a powerful microcontroller that provides a highly
flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.
The AT90S2323/2343 AVR is supported with a full suite of program and system development tools including: C compilers, macro assemblers, program debugger/simulators,
in-circuit emulators and evaluation kits.
Comparison between
AT90S/LS2323 and
AT90S/LS2343
The AT90S/LS2323 is intended for use with external quartz crystal or ceramic resonator
as the clock source. The start-up time is fuse-selectable as either 1 ms (suitable for
ceramic resonator) or 16 ms (suitable for crystal). The device has three I/O pins.
The AT90S/LS2343 is intended for use with either an external clock source or the internal RC oscillator as clock source. The device has five I/O pins.
Table 1 summarizes the differences in features of the two devices.
Table 1. Feature Difference Summary
Part
AT90S/LS2323
AT90S/LS2343
On-chip Oscillator Amplifier
yes
no
Internal RC Clock
no
yes
PB3 available as I/O pin
never
internal clock mode
PB4 available as I/O pin
never
always
Start-up time
1 ms/16 ms
16 µs fixed
Pin Descriptions
AT90S/LS2323
VCC
Supply voltage pin.
GND
Ground pin.
Port B (PB2..PB0)
Port B is a 3-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors. The Port B output
buffers can sink 20 mA. As inputs, Port B pins that are externally pulled low, will source
current if the pull-up resistors are activated.
Port B also serves the functions of various special features.
Port pins can provide internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The Port B pins
are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active.
RESET
Reset input. An external reset is generated by a low level on the RESET pin. Reset
pulses longer than 50 ns will generate a reset, even if the clock is not running. Shorter
pulses are not guaranteed to generate a reset.
XTAL1
Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit.
XTAL2
Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.
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AT90S/LS2323/2343
Pin Descriptions
AT90S/LS2343
VCC
Supply voltage pin.
GND
Ground pin.
Port B (PB4..PB0)
Port B is a 5-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors. The Port B output
buffers can sink 20 mA. As inputs, Port B pins that are externally pulled low, will source
current if the pull-up resistors are activated.
Port B also serves the functions of various special features.
Port pins can provide internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The Port B pins
are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active.
RESET
Reset input. An external reset is generated by a low level on the RESET pin. Reset
pulses longer than 50 ns will generate a reset, even if the clock is not running. Shorter
pulses are not guaranteed to generate a reset.
CLOCK
Clock signal input in external clock mode.
Clock Options
Crystal Oscillator
The AT90S/LS2323 contains an inverting amplifier that can be configured for use as an
On-chip oscillator, as shown in Figure 3. XTAL1 and XTAL2 are input and output
respectively. Either a quartz crystal or a ceramic resonator may be used. It is recommended that the AT90S/LS2343 be used if an external clock source is used, since this
gives an extra I/O pin.
Figure 3. Oscillator Connection
External Clock
The AT90S/LS2343 can be clocked by an external clock signal, as shown in Figure 4, or
by the On-chip RC oscillator. This RC oscillator runs at a nominal frequency of 1 MHz
(VCC = 5V). A fuse bit (RCEN) in the Flash memory selects the On-chip RC oscillator as
the clock source when programmed (“0”). The AT90S/LS2343 is shipped with this bit
programmed. The AT90S/LS2343 is recommended if an external clock source is used,
because this gives an extra I/O pin.
The AT90S/LS2323 can be clocked by an external clock as well, as shown in Figure 4.
No fuse bit selects the clock source for AT90S/LS2323.
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Figure 4. External Clock Drive Configuration
AT90S/LS2343
EXTERNAL
OSCILATOR
SIGNAL
PB3
GND
6
AT90S/LS2323
NC
XTAL2
EXTERNAL
OSCILATOR
SIGNAL
XTAL1
GND
AT90S/LS2323/2343
1004D–09/01
AT90S/LS2323/2343
Architectural
Overview
The fast-access register file concept contains 32 x 8-bit general-purpose working registers with a single clock cycle access time. This means that during one single clock cycle,
one ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) operation is executed. Two operands are output from
the register file, the operation is executed and the result is stored back in the register file
– in one clock cycle.
Six of the 32 registers can be used as three 16-bit indirect address register pointers for
Data Space addressing, enabling efficient address calculations. One of the three
address pointers is also used as the address pointer for the constant table look-up function. These added function registers are the 16-bit X-, Y-, and Z-register.
Figure 5. The AT90S2323/2343 AVR RISC Architecture
Data Bus 8-bit
1K x 16
Program
Flash
Program
Counter
Status
and Test
32 x 8
General
Purpose
Registers
Control Lines
Direct Addressing
Instruction
Decoder
Indirect Addressing
Instruction
Register
Control
Registers
Interrupt
Unit
SPI
Unit
8-bit
Timer/Counter
ALU
Watchdog
Timer
128 x 8
Data
SRAM
I/O Lines
128 x 8
EEPROM
The ALU supports arithmetic and logic functions between registers or between a constant and a register. Single register operations are also executed in the ALU. Figure 5
shows the AT90S2323/2343 AVR RISC microcontroller architecture.
In addition to the register operation, the conventional memory addressing modes can be
used on the register file as well. This is enabled by the fact that the register file is
assigned the 32 lowermost Data Space addresses ($00 - $1F), allowing them to be
accessed as though they were ordinary memory locations.
The I/O memory space contains 64 addresses for CPU peripheral functions such as
Control Registers, Timer/Counters, A/D converters and other I/O functions. The I/O
memory can be accessed directly or as the Data Space locations following those of the
register file, $20 - $5F.
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The AVR has Harvard architecture – with separate memories and buses for program
and data. The program memory is accessed with a two-stage pipeline. While one
instruction is being executed, the next instruction is pre-fetched from the program memory. This concept enables instructions to be executed in every clock cycle. The program
memory is in-system downloadable Flash memory.
With the relative jump and call instructions, the whole 1K address space is directly
accessed. Most AVR instructions have a single 16-bit word format. Every program
memory address contains a 16- or 32-bit instruction.
During interrupts and subroutine calls, the return address Program Counter (PC) is
stored on the stack. The stack is effectively allocated in the general data SRAM and
consequently, the stack size is only limited by the total SRAM size and the usage of the
SRAM. All user programs must initialize the SP in the reset routine (before subroutines
or interrupts are executed). The 8-bit stack pointer (SP) is read/write-accessible in the
I/O space.
The 128 bytes data SRAM + register file and I/O registers can be easily accessed
through the five different addressing modes supported in the AVR architecture.
The memory spaces in the AVR architecture are all linear and regular memory maps.
Figure 6. Memory Maps
EEPROM Data Memory
$000
EEPROM
(128 x 8)
$07F
A flexible interrupt module has its control registers in the I/O space with an additional
global interrupt enable bit in the status register. All the different interrupts have a separate interrupt vector in the interrupt vector table at the beginning of the program
memory. The different interrupts have priority in accordance with their interrupt vector
position. The lower the interrupt vector address, the higher the priority.
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AT90S/LS2323/2343
General-purpose
Register File
Figure 7 shows the structure of the 32 general-purpose registers in the CPU.
Figure 7. AVR CPU General-purpose Working Registers
7
0
Addr.
R0
$00
R1
$01
R2
$02
…
R13
$0D
General
R14
$0E
Purpose
R15
$0F
Working
R16
$10
Registers
R17
$11
…
R26
$1A
X-register low byte
R27
$1B
X-register high byte
R28
$1C
Y-register low byte
R29
$1D
Y-register high byte
R30
$1E
Z-register low byte
R31
$1F
Z-register high byte
All the register operating instructions in the instruction set have direct and single-cycle
access to all registers. The only exception is the five constant arithmetic and logic
instructions SBCI, SUBI, CPI, ANDI and ORI between a constant and a register and the
LDI instruction for load immediate constant data. These instructions apply to the second
half of the registers in the register file (R16..R31). The general SBC, SUB, CP, AND and
OR and all other operations between two registers or on a single register apply to the
entire register file.
As shown in Figure 7, each register is also assigned a data memory address, mapping
them directly into the first 32 locations of the user Data Space. Although the register file
is not physically implemented as SRAM locations, this memory organization provides
great flexibility in access of the registers, as the X-, Y-, and Z-registers can be set to
index any register in the file.
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X-register, Y-register and Zregister
The registers R26..R31 have some added functions to their general-purpose usage.
These registers are the address pointers for indirect addressing of the Data Space. The
three indirect address registers X, Y, and Z, are defined in Figure 8.
Figure 8. The X-, Y-, and Z-registers
15
X-register
0
7
0
7
R27 ($1B)
0
R26 ($1A)
15
Y-register
0
7
0
7
R29 ($1D)
0
R28 ($1C)
15
Z-register
0
7
0
R31 ($1F)
7
0
R30 ($1E)
In the different addressing modes, these address registers have functions as fixed displacement, automatic increment and decrement (see the descriptions for the different
instructions).
ALU – Arithmetic Logic
Unit
The high-performance AVR ALU operates in direct connection with all the 32 generalpurpose working registers. Within a single clock cycle, ALU operations between registers in the register file are executed. The ALU operations are divided into three main
categories: arithmetic, logic and bit functions.
In-System
Programmable Flash
Program Memory
The AT90S2323/2343 contains 2K bytes On-chip, In-System Programmable Flash
memory for program storage. Since all instructions are 16- or 32-bit words, the Flash is
organized as 1K x 16. The Flash memory has an endurance of at least 1000 write/erase
cycles.
The AT90S2323/2343 Program Counter (PC) is 10 bits wide, hence addressing the
1024 program memory addresses. See page 42 for a detailed description on Flash data
programming.
Constant tables must be allocated within the address 0 - 2K (see the LPM – Load Program Memory instruction description on page 60).
See page 12 for the different addressing modes.
EEPROM Data Memory
The AT90S2323/2343 contains 128 bytes of EEPROM data memory. It is organized as
a separate data space, in which single bytes can be read and written. The EEPROM has
an endurance of at least 100,000 write/erase cycles. The access between the EEPROM
and the CPU is described on page 32, specifying the EEPROM address register, the
EEPROM data register and the EEPROM control register.
For the SPI data downloading, see page 42 for a detailed description.
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AT90S/LS2323/2343
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AT90S/LS2323/2343
SRAM Data Memory
Figure 9 shows how the AT90S2323/2343 Data Memory is organized.
Figure 9. SRAM Organization
Register File
Data Address Space
R0
$00
R1
$01
R2
$02
…
…
R29
$1D
R30
$1E
R31
$1F
I/O Registers
$00
$20
$01
$21
$02
$22
…
…
$3D
$5D
$3E
$5E
$3F
$5F
Internal SRAM
$60
$61
$62
…
$DD
$DE
$DF
The 224 data memory locations address the Register file, I/O memory and the data
SRAM. The first 96 locations address the Register file + I/O memory, and the next 128
locations address the data SRAM.
The five different addressing modes for the data memory cover: Direct, Indirect with Displacement, Indirect, Indirect with Pre-decrement and Indirect with Post-increment. In the
register file, registers R26 to R31 feature the indirect addressing pointer registers.
The direct addressing reaches the entire data address space.
The Indirect with Displacement mode features 63 address locations reached from the
base address given by the Y- and Z-register.
When using register indirect addressing modes with automatic pre-decrement and postincrement, the address registers X, Y, and Z are used and decremented and
incremented.
The 32 general-purpose working registers, 64 I/O registers and the 128 bytes of data
SRAM in the AT90S2323/2343 are all directly accessible through all these addressing
modes.
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Program and Data
Addressing Modes
The AT90S2323/2343 AVR RISC microcontroller supports powerful and efficient
addressing modes for access to the program memory (Flash) and data memory. This
section describes the different addressing modes supported by the AVR architecture. In
the figures, OP means the operation code part of the instruction word. To simplify, not all
figures show the exact location of the addressing bits.
Register Direct, Single
Register Rd
Figure 10. Direct Single Register Addressing
The operand is contained in register d (Rd).
Register Direct, Two Registers
Rd and Rr
Figure 11. Direct Register Addressing, Two Registers
Operands are contained in register r (Rr) and d (Rd). The result is stored in register d
(Rd).
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AT90S/LS2323/2343
I/O Direct
Figure 12. I/O Direct Addressing
Operand address is contained in six bits of the instruction word. n is the destination or
source register address.
Data Direct
Figure 13. Direct Data Addressing
A 16-bit data address is contained in the 16 LSBs of a 2-word instruction. Rd/Rr specify
the destination or source register.
Data Indirect with
Displacement
Figure 14. Data Indirect with Displacement
Operand address is the result of the Y- or Z-register contents added to the address contained in six bits of the instruction word.
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Data Indirect
Figure 15. Data Indirect Addressing
Operand address is the contents of the X-, Y-, or the Z-register.
Data Indirect with Predecrement
Figure 16. Data Indirect Addressing with Pre-decrement
The X-, Y-, or the Z-register is decremented before the operation. Operand address is
the decremented contents of the X-, Y-, or the Z-register.
Data Indirect with Postincrement
Figure 17. Data Indirect Addressing with Post-increment
+1
The X-, Y-, or the Z-register is incremented after the operation. Operand address is the
content of the X-, Y-, or the Z-register prior to incrementing.
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AT90S/LS2323/2343
Constant Addressing Using
the LPM Instruction
Figure 18. Code Memory Constant Addressing
Constant byte address is specified by the Z-register contents. The 15 MSBs select word
address (0 - 1K), the LSB selects low byte if cleared (LSB = 0) or high byte if set (LSB =
1).
Indirect Program Addressing,
IJMP and ICALL
Figure 19. Indirect Program Memory Addressing
Program execution continues at address contained by the Z-register (i.e., the PC is
loaded with the contents of the Z-register).
Relative Program Addressing,
RJMP and RCALL
Figure 20. Relative Program Memory Addressing
+1
Program execution continues at address PC + k + 1. The relative address k is -2048 to
2047.
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Memory Access and
Instruction Execution
Timing
This section describes the general access timing concepts for instruction execution and
internal memory access.
The AVR CPU is driven by the System Clock Ø, directly generated from the external
clock signal applied to the CLOCK pin. No internal clock division is used.
Figure 21. shows the parallel instruction fetches and instruction executions enabled by
the Harvard architecture and the fast-access register file concept. This is the basic pipelining concept to obtain up to 1 MIPS per MHz with the corresponding unique results for
functions per cost, functions per clocks and functions per power unit.
Figure 21. The Parallel Instruction Fetches and Instruction Executions
T1
T2
T3
T4
System Clock Ø
1st Instruction Fetch
1st Instruction Execute
2nd Instruction Fetch
2nd Instruction Execute
3rd Instruction Fetch
3rd Instruction Execute
4th Instruction Fetch
Figure 22. shows the internal timing concept for the register file. In a single clock cycle
an ALU operation using two register operands is executed and the result is stored back
to the destination register.
Figure 22. Single Cycle ALU Operation
T1
T2
T3
T4
System Clock Ø
Total Execution Time
Register Operands Fetch
ALU Operation Execute
Result Write Back
The internal data SRAM access is performed in two System Clock cycles as described
in Figure 23..
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AT90S/LS2323/2343
Figure 23. On-chip Data SRAM Access Cycles
T1
T2
Prev. Address
Address
T3
T4
System Clock Ø
Address
Write
Data
WR
Read
Data
RD
I/O Memory
The I/O space definition of the AT90S2323/2343 is shown in Table 2.
Table 2. AT90S2323/2343 I/O Space
Address Hex
Name
Function
$3F ($5F)
SREG
Status REGister
$3D ($5D)
SPL
Stack Pointer Low
$3B ($5B)
GIMSK
General Interrupt MaSK register
$3A ($5A)
GIFR
General Interrupt Flag Register
$39 ($59)
TIMSK
Timer/Counter Interrupt MaSK register
$38 ($58)
TIFR
Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag register
$35 ($55)
MCUCR
MCU Control Register
$34 ($54)
MCUSR
MCU Status Register
$33 ($53)
TCCR0
Timer/Counter0 Control Register
$32 ($52)
TCNT0
Timer/Counter0 (8-bit)
$21 ($41)
WDTCR
Watchdog Timer Control Register
$1E ($3E)
EEAR
EEPROM Address Register
$1D ($3D)
EEDR
EEPROM Data Register
$1C ($3C)
EECR
EEPROM Control Register
$18 ($38)
PORTB
Data Register, Port B
$17 ($37)
DDRB
Data Direction Register, Port B
$16 ($36)
PINB
Input Pins, Port B
Note:
Reserved and unused locations are not shown in the table.
All AT90S2323/2343 I/Os and peripherals are placed in the I/O space. The I/O locations
are accessed by the IN and OUT instructions transferring data between the 32 generalpurpose working registers and the I/O space. I/O registers within the address range $00
- $1F are directly bit-accessible using the SBI and CBI instructions. In these registers,
the value of single bits can be checked by using the SBIS and SBIC instructions. Refer
to the instruction set section for more details. When using the I/O-specific commands IN
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and OUT, the I/O addresses $00 - $3F must be used. When addressing I/O registers as
SRAM, $20 must be added to these addresses. All I/O register addresses throughout
this document are shown with the SRAM address in parentheses.
For compatibility with future devices, reserved bits should be written to zero if accessed.
Reserved I/O memory addresses should never be written.
Some of the status flags are cleared by writing a logical “1” to them. Note that the CBI
and SBI instructions will operate on all bits in the I/O register, writing a “1” back into any
flag read as set, thus clearing the flag. The CBI and SBI instructions work with registers
$00 to $1F only.
The I/O and peripherals control registers are explained in the following sections.
Status Register – SREG
The AVR Status Register (SREG) at I/O space location $3F ($5F) is defined as:
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$3F ($5F)
I
T
H
S
V
N
Z
C
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SREG
• Bit 7 – I: Global Interrupt Enable
The global interrupt enable bit must be set (one) for the interrupts to be enabled. The
individual interrupt enable control is then performed in separate control registers. If the
global interrupt enable register is cleared (zero), none of the interrupts are enabled independent of the individual interrupt enable settings. The I-bit is cleared by hardware after
an interrupt has occurred and is set by the RETI instruction to enable subsequent
interrupts.
• Bit 6 – T: Bit Copy Storage
The bit copy instructions BLD (Bit LoaD) and BST (Bit STore) use the T-bit as source
and destination for the operated bit. A bit from a register in the register file can be copied
into T by the BST instruction and a bit in T can be copied into a bit in a register in the
register file by the BLD instruction.
• Bit 5 – H: Half-carry Flag
The half-carry flag H indicates a half-carry in some arithmetic operations. See the
Instruction Set description for detailed information.
• Bit 4 – S: Sign Bit, S = N ⊕ V
The S-bit is always an exclusive or between the negative flag N and the two’s complement overflow flag V. See the Instruction Set description for detailed information.
• Bit 3 – V: Two’s Complement Overflow Flag
The two’s complement overflow flag V supports two’s complement arithmetics. See the
Instruction Set description for detailed information.
• Bit 2 – N: Negative Flag
The negative flag N indicates a negative result from an arithmetical or logical operation.
See the Instruction Set description for detailed information.
• Bit 1 – Z: Zero Flag
The zero flag Z indicates a zero result from an arithmetical or logical operation. See the
Instruction Set description for detailed information.
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AT90S/LS2323/2343
1004D–09/01
AT90S/LS2323/2343
• Bit 0 – C: Carry Flag
The carry flag C indicates a carry in an arithmetical or logical operation. See the Instruction Set description for detailed information.
Note that the Status Register is not automatically stored when entering an interrupt routine and restored when returning from an interrupt routine. This must be handled by
software.
Stack Pointer – SPL
An 8- bit r egister at I/O addres s $3D ( $5D) for ms the stack pointer of the
AT90S2323/2343. Eight bits are used to address the 128 bytes of SRAM in locations
$60 - $DF.
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$3D ($5D)
SP7
SP6
SP5
SP4
SP3
SP2
SP1
SP0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SPL
The Stack Pointer points to the data SRAM stack area where the Subroutine and Interrupt stacks are located. This stack space in the data SRAM must be defined by the
program before any subroutine calls are executed or interrupts are enabled. The Stack
Pointer must be set to point above $60. The Stack Pointer is decremented by 1 when
data is pushed onto the Stack with the PUSH instruction and it is decremented by 2
when an address is pushed onto the stack with subroutine calls and interrupts. The
Stack Pointer is incremented by 1 when data is popped from the stack with the POP
instruction and it is incremented by 2 when an address is popped from the stack with
return from subroutine RET or return from interrupt RETI.
Reset and Interrupt
Handling
The AT90S2323/2343 provides two interrupt sources. These interrupts and the separate
reset vector each have a separate program vector in the program memory space. Both
interrupts are assigned individual enable bits that must be set (one) together with the
I-bit in the Status Register in order to enable the interrupt.
The lowest addresses in the program memory space are automatically defined as the
Reset and Interrupt vectors. The complete list of vectors is shown in Table 3. The list
also determines the priority levels of the interrupts. The lower the address, the higher
the priority level. RESET has the highest priority, and next is INT0 (the External Interrupt
Request 0), etc.
Table 3. Reset and Interrupt Vectors
Vector No.
Program Address
Source
Interrupt Definition
1
$000
RESET
Hardware Pin, Power-on Reset and
Watchdog Reset
2
$001
INT0
External Interrupt Request 0
3
$002
TIMER0, OVF0
Timer/Counter0 Overflow
19
1004D–09/01
The most typical program setup for the Reset and Interrupt vector addresses are:
Address
Code
Comments
$000
Labels
rjmp RESET
; Reset Handler
$001
rjmp EXT_INT0
; IRQ0 Handler
$002
rjmp TIM_OVF0
; Timer0 Overflow
; Handler;
ldi r16, low(RAMEND)
; Main program start
$003
MAIN:
out SPL, r16
<instr> xxx
...
Reset Sources
...
...
...
The AT90S2323/2343 provides three sources of reset:
•
Power-on Reset. The MCU is reset when the supply voltage is below the Power-on
Reset threshold (VPOT).
•
External Reset. The MCU is reset when a low level is present on the RESET pin for
more than 50 ns.
•
Watchdog Reset. The MCU is reset when the Watchdog timer period expires and
the Watchdog is enabled.
During reset, all I/O registers are set to their initial values and the program starts execution from address $000. The instruction placed in address $000 must be an RJMP
(relative jump) instruction to the reset handling routine. If the program never enables an
interrupt source, the interrupt vectors are not used and regular program code can be
placed at these locations. The circuit diagram in Figure 24 shows the reset logic.
Table 4 defines the timing and electrical parameters of the reset circuitry.
Figure 24. Reset Logic
Power-On Reset
Circuit
VCC
POR
Reset Circuit
Watchdog
Timer
On-Chip
RC-Oscillator
S
Q
R
Q
COUNTER RESET
RESET
14-Stage Ripple Counter
Q0
Q3
Q13
INTERNAL
RESET
100 - 500K
The AT90S/LS2323 has a programmable start-up time. A fuse bit (FSTRT) in the Flash
memory selects the shortest start-up time when programmed (“0”). The AT90S/LS2323
is shipped with this bit unprogrammed.
The AT90S/LS2343 has a fixed start-up time.
20
AT90S/LS2323/2343
1004D–09/01
AT90S/LS2323/2343
Table 4. Reset Characteristics (VCC = 5.0V)
Symbol
VPOT(1)
Parameter
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Power-on Reset Threshold Voltage, rising
1.0
1.4
1.8
V
Power-on Reset Threshold Voltage, falling
0.4
0.6
0.8
V
VRST
RESET Pin Threshold Voltage
tTOUT
Reset Delay Time-out Period AT90S/LS2323
FSTRT Programmed
1.0
1.1
1.2
ms
tTOUT
Reset Delay Time-out Period AT90S/LS2323
FSTRT Unprogrammed
11.0
16.0
21.0
ms
tTOUT
Reset Delay Time-out Period AT90S/LS2343
11.0
16.0
21.0
µs
Note:
0.6 VCC
V
1. The Power-on Reset will not work unless the supply voltage has been below VPOT
(falling).
Table 5. Reset Characteristics (VCC = 3.0V)
Symbol
VPOT(1)
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Power-on Reset Threshold Voltage, rising
1.0
1.4
1.8
V
Power-on Reset Threshold Voltage, falling
0.4
0.6
0.8
V
VRST
RESET Pin Threshold Voltage
tTOUT
Reset Delay Time-out Period AT90S/LS2323
FSTRT Programmed
2.0
2.2
2.4
ms
tTOUT
Reset Delay Time-out Period AT90S/LS2323
FSTRT Unprogrammed
22.0
32.0
42.0
ms
tTOUT
Reset Delay Time-out Period AT90S/LS2343
22.0
32.0
42.0
µs
Note:
Power-on Reset
Parameter
0.6 VCC
V
1. The Power-on Reset will not work unless the supply voltage has been below VPOT
(falling).
The AT90S2323/2343 is designed for use in systems where it can operate from the
internal RC oscillator (AT90S/LS2343), on-chip oscillator (AT90S/LS2323), or in applications where a clock signal is provided by an external clock source. After V CC has
reached VPOT, the device will start after the time tTOUT (see Figure 25). If the clock signal
is provided by an external clock source, the clock must not be applied until VCC has
reached the minimum voltage defined for the applied frequency.
For AT90S2323, the user can select the start-up time according to typical oscillator
start-up. The number of WDT oscillator cycles used for each time-out is shown in
Table 6. For AT90S2343, the start-up time is one Watchdog cycle only. The frequency
of the Watchdog oscillator is voltage-dependent as shown in “Typical Characteristics” on
page 49.
Table 6. Number of Watchdog Oscillator Cycles
FSTRT
Time-out at VCC = 5V
Number of WDT Cycles
Programmed
1.1 ms
1K
Unprogrammed
16.0 ms
16K
21
1004D–09/01
Figure 25. MCU Start-up, RESET Tied to VCC.
VCC
RESET
VPOT
VRST
tTOUT
TIME-OUT
INTERNAL
RESET
Figure 26. MCU Start-up, RESET Controlled Externally
VCC
RESET
VPOT
VRST
TIME-OUT
tTOUT
INTERNAL
RESET
External Reset
An external reset is generated by a low level on the RESET pin. Reset pulses longer
than 50 ns will generate a reset, even if the clock is not running. Shorter pulses are not
guaranteed to generate a reset. When the applied signal reaches the Reset Threshold
Voltage (VRST) on its positive edge, the delay timer starts the MCU after the Time-out
period tTOUT has expired.
Figure 27. External Reset during Operation
22
AT90S/LS2323/2343
1004D–09/01
AT90S/LS2323/2343
Watchdog Reset
When the Watchdog times out, it will generate a short reset pulse of 1 CPU clock cycle
duration. On the falling edge of this pulse, the delay timer starts counting the Time-out
period tTOUT. Refer to page 30 for details on operation of the Watchdog.
Figure 28. Watchdog Reset during Operation
MCU Status Register –
MCUSR
The MCU Status Register provides information on which reset source caused an MCU
reset.
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$34 ($54)
–
–
–
–
–
–
EXTRF
PORF
Read/Write
R
R
R
R
R
R
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
MCUSR
See Bit Description
• Bits 7..2 – Res: Reserved Bits
These bits are reserved bits in the AT90S2323/2343 and always read as zero.
• Bit 1 – EXTRF: External Reset Flag
After a Power-on Reset, this bit is undefined (X). It will be set by an External Reset. A
Watchdog Reset will leave this bit unchanged.
• Bit 0 – PORF: Power-on Reset Flag
This bit is set by a Power-on Reset. A Watchdog Reset or an External Reset will leave
this bit unchanged.
To summarize, Table 7 shows the value of these two bits after the three modes of reset.
Table 7. PORF and EXTRF Values after Reset
Reset Source
PORF
EXTRF
Power-on Reset
1
Undefined
External Reset
Unchanged
1
Watchdog Reset
Unchanged
Unchanged
To make use of these bits to identify a reset condition, the user software should clear
both the PORF and EXTRF bits as early as possible in the program. Checking the
PORF and EXTRF values is done before the bits are cleared. If the bit is cleared before
an External or Watchdog Reset occurs, the source of reset can be found by using the
following truth table, Table 8.
23
1004D–09/01
Table 8. Reset Source Identification
Interrupt Handling
PORF
EXTRF
Reset Source
0
0
Watchdog Reset
0
1
External Reset
1
0
Power-on Reset
1
1
Power-on Reset
The AT90S2323/2343 has two 8-bit interrupt mask control registers; GIMSK (General
Interrupt Mask register) and TIMSK (Timer/Counter Interrupt Mask register).
When an interrupt occurs, the Global Interrupt Enable I-bit is cleared (zero) and all interrupts are disabled. The user software can set (one) the I-bit to enable nested interrupts.
The I-bit is set (one) when a Return from Interrupt instruction (RETI) is executed.
When the Program Counter is vectored to the actual interrupt vector in order to execute
the interrupt handling routine, hardware clears the corresponding flag that generated the
interrupt. Some of the interrupt flags can also be cleared by writing a logical “1” to the
flag bit position(s) to be cleared. If an interrupt condition occurs when the corresponding
interrupt enable bit is cleared (zero), the interrupt flag will be set and remembered until
the interrupt is enabled or the flag is cleared by software.
If one or more interrupt conditions occur when the global interrupt enable bit is cleared
(zero), the corresponding interrupt flag(s) will be set and remembered until the global
interrupt enable bit is set (one) and will be executed by order of priority.
Note that external level interrupt does not have a flag and will only be remembered for
as long as the interrupt condition is active.
Note that the Status Register is not automatically stored when entering an interrupt routine and restored when returning from an interrupt routine. This must be handled by
software.
General Interrupt Mask
Register – GIMSK
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$3B ($5B)
–
INT0
–
–
–
–
–
–
Read/Write
R
R/W
R
R
R
R
R
R
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
GIMSK
• Bit 7 – Res: Reserved Bit
This bit is a reserved bit in the AT90S2323/2343 and always reads as zero.
• Bit 6 – INT0: External Interrupt Request 0 Enable
When the INT0 bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register (SREG) is set (one),
the external pin interrupt is enabled. The Interrupt Sense Control0 bits 1/0 (ISC01 and
ISC00) in the MCU general Control Register (MCUCR) define whether the external
interrupt is activated on rising or falling edge of the INT0 pin or level sensed. Activity on
the pin will cause an interrupt request even if INT0 is configured as an output. The corresponding interrupt of External Interrupt Request 0 is executed from program memory
address $001. See also “External Interrupts.”
• Bits 5..0 – Res: Reserved Bits
These bits are reserved bits in the AT90S2323/2343 and always read as zero.
24
AT90S/LS2323/2343
1004D–09/01
AT90S/LS2323/2343
General Interrupt Flag
Register – GIFR
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$3A ($5A)
–
INTF0
–
–
–
–
–
–
Read/Write
R
R/W
R
R
R
R
R
R
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
GIFR
• Bit 7 – Res: Reserved Bit
This bit is a reserved bit in the AT90S2323/2343 and always reads as zero.
• Bit 6 – INTF0: External Interrupt Flag0
When an edge on the INT0 pin triggers an interrupt request, the corresponding interrupt
flag, INTF0 becomes set (one). If the I-bit in SREG and the corresponding interrupt
enable bit, INT0 in GIMSK, is set (one), the MCU will jump to the interrupt vector. The
flag is cleared when the interrupt routine is executed. Alternatively, the flag is cleared by
writing a logical “1” to it. This flag is always cleared when INT0 is configured as level
interrupt.
• Bits 5..0 – Res: Reserved Bits
These bits are reserved bits in the AT90S2323/2343 and always read as zero.
Timer/Counter Interrupt Mask
Register – TIMSK
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$39 ($59)
–
–
–
–
–
–
TOIE0
–
Read/Write
R
R
R
R
R
R
R/W
R
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TIMSK
• Bits 7..2 – Res: Reserved Bits
These bits are reserved bits in the AT90S2323/2343 and always read zero.
• Bit 1 – TOIE0: Timer/Counter0 Overflow Interrupt Enable
When the TOIE0 bit is set (one) and the I-bit in the Status Register is set (one), the
Timer/Counter0 Overflow interrupt is enabled. The corresponding interrupt (at vector
$002) is executed if an overflow in Timer/Counter0 occurs, i.e., when the Overflow Flag
(Timer/Counter0) is set (one) in the Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register (TIFR).
• Bit 0 – Res: Reserved Bit
This bit is a reserved bit in the AT90S2323/2343 and always reads as zero.
Timer/Counter Interrupt FLAG
Register – TIFR
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$38 ($58)
–
–
–
–
–
–
TOV0
–
Read/Write
R
R
R
R
R
R
R/W
R
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TIFR
• Bits 7..2 – Res: Reserved Bits
These bits are reserved bits in the AT90S2323/2343 and always read zero.
• Bit 1 – TOV0: Timer/Counter0 Overflow Flag
The bit TOV0 is set (one) when an overflow occurs in Timer/Counter0. TOV0 is cleared
by hardware when executing the corresponding interrupt handling vector. Alternatively,
TOV0 is cleared by writing a logical “1” to the flag. When the SREG I-bit and TOIE0
(Ti mer /Counter 0 O v erfl ow Inte rr upt Enabl e) and TOV 0 ar e s et ( one ), the
Timer/Counter0 Overflow Interrupt is executed.
25
1004D–09/01
• Bit 0 – Res: Reserved Bit
This bit is a reserved bit in the AT90S2323/2343 and always reads zero.
External Interrupt
The external interrupt is triggered by the INT0 pin. Observe that, if enabled, the interrupt
will trigger even if the INT0 pin is configured as an output. This feature provides a way of
generating a software interrupt. The external interrupt can be triggered by a falling or rising edge or a low level. This is set up as indicated in the specification for the MCU
Control Register (MCUCR). When the external interrupt is enabled and is configured as
level-triggered, the interrupt will trigger as long as the pin is held low.
The external interrupt is set up as described in the specification for the MCU Control
Register (MCUCR).
Interrupt Response Time
The interrupt execution response for all the enabled AVR interrupts is four clock cycles
minimum. Four clock cycles after the interrupt flag has been set, the program vector
address for the actual interrupt handling routine is executed. During these four clock
cycles, the Program Counter (2 bytes) is popped back from the stack, the Stack Pointer
is incremented by 2 and the I-flag in SREG is set. The vector is a relative jump to the
interrupt routine and this jump takes two clock cycles. If an interrupt occurs during execution of a multi-cycle instruction, this instruction is completed before the interrupt is
served.
A return from an interrupt handling routine (same as for a subroutine call routine) takes
four clock cycles. During these four clock cycles, the Program Counter (2 bytes) is
popped back from the stack and the Stack Pointer is incremented by 2. When the AVR
exits from an interrupt, it will always return to the main program and execute one more
instruction before any pending interrupt is served.
MCU Control Register –
MCUCR
The MCU Control Register contains control bits for general MCU functions.
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$35 ($55)
–
–
SE
SM
–
–
ISC01
ISC00
Read/Write
R
R
R/W
R/W
R
R
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MCUCR
• Bits 7, 6 – Res: Reserved Bits
These bits are reserved bits in the AT90S2323/2343 and always read as zero.
• Bit 5 – SE: Sleep Enable
The SE bit must be set (one) to make the MCU enter the Sleep mode when the SLEEP
instruction is executed. To avoid the MCU entering the Sleep mode, unless it is the programmer’s purpose, it is recommended to set the Sleep Enable (SE) bit just before the
execution of the SLEEP instruction.
• Bit 4 – SM: Sleep Mode
This bit selects between the two available sleep modes. When SM is cleared (zero), Idle
mode is selected as Sleep mode. When SM is set (one), Power-down mode is selected
as sleep mode. For details, refer to the section “Sleep Modes”.
• Bits 3, 2 – Res: Reserved Bits
These bits are reserved bits in the AT90S2323/2343 and always read as zero.
• Bits 1, 0 – ISC01, ISC00: Interrupt Sense Control 0 Bit 1 and Bit 0
The External Interrupt 0 is activated by the external pin INT0 if the SREG I-flag and the
corresponding interrupt mask are set. The level and edges on the external INT0 pin that
26
AT90S/LS2323/2343
1004D–09/01
AT90S/LS2323/2343
activate the interrupt are defined in Table 9. The value on the INT01 pin is sampled
before detecting edges. If edge or toggle interrupt is selected, pulses that last longer
than one clock period will generate an interrupt. Shorter pulses are not guaranteed to
generate an interrupt. If low-level interrupt is selected, the low level must be held until
the completion of the currently executing instruction to generate an interrupt.
Table 9. Interrupt 0 Sense Control
ISC01
ISC00
Description
0
0
The low level of INT0 generates an interrupt request.
0
1
Reserved
1
0
The falling edge of INT0 generates an interrupt request.
1
1
The rising edge of INT0 generates an interrupt request.
Sleep Modes
To enter the sleep modes, the SE bit in MCUCR must be set (one) and a SLEEP instruction must be executed. If an enabled interrupt occurs while the MCU is in a sleep mode,
the MCU awakes, executes the interrupt routine and resumes execution from the
instruction following SLEEP. The contents of the register file, SRAM and I/O memory
are unaltered. If a reset occurs during Sleep mode, the MCU wakes up and executes
from the Reset vector.
Idle Mode
When the SM bit is cleared (zero), the SLEEP instruction forces the MCU into the Idle
mode, stopping the CPU but allowing Timer/Counters, Watchdog and the interrupt system to continue operating. This enables the MCU to wake up from external triggered
interrupts as well as internal ones like Timer Overflow interrupt and Watchdog reset.
Power-down Mode
When the SM bit is set (one), the SLEEP instruction forces the MCU into the Powerdown mode. In this mode, the external oscillator is stopped while the external interrupts
and the Watchdog (if enabled) continue operating. Only an external reset, a Watchdog
reset (if enabled), or an external level interrupt on INT0 can wake up the MCU.
Note that if a level-triggered interrupt is used for wake-up from Power-down mode, the
changed level must be held for some time to wake up the MCU. This makes the MCU
less sensitive to noise. The changed level is sampled twice by the Watchdog oscillator
clock and if the input has the required level during this time, the MCU will wake up. The
period of the Watchdog oscillator is 1 µs (nominal) at 5.0V and 25°C. The frequency of
the Watchdog oscillator is voltage-dependent as shown in section “Typical Characteristics” on page 49.
When waking up from Power-down mode, a delay from the wake-up condition occurs
until the wake-up becomes effective. This allows the clock to restart and become stable
after having been stopped. The wake-up period is equal to the clock reset period, as
shown in Table 4 and Table 5 on page 21.
If the wake-up condition disappears before the MCU wakes up and starts to execute,
e.g., a low-level on is not held long enough, the interrupt causing the wake-up will not be
executed.
27
1004D–09/01
Timer/Counter
The AT90S2323/2343 provides one general-purpose 8-bit Timer/Counter –
Timer/Counter0. The Timer/Counter has prescaling selection from the 10-bit prescaling
timer. The Timer/Counter can be used either as a timer with an internal clock time base
or as a counter with an external pin connection that triggers the counting.
Timer/Counter Prescaler
Figure 29 shows the Timer/Counter prescaler.
Figure 29. Timer/Counter0 Prescaler
CK
CK/1024
CK/256
CK/64
CK/8
10-BIT T/C PRESCALER
T0
0
CS00
CS01
CS02
TIMER/COUNTER0 CLOCK SOURCE
TCK0
The four different prescaled selections are: CK/8, CK/64, CK/256 and CK/1024, where
CK is the oscillator clock. CK, external source and stop can also be selected as clock
sources.
8-bit Timer/Counter0
Figure 30 shows the block diagram for Timer/Counter0.
The 8-bit Timer/Counter0 can select clock source from CK, prescaled CK or an external
pin. In addition, it can be stopped as described in the specification for the
Timer/Counter0 Control Register (TCCR0). The overflow status flag is found in the
Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register (TIFR). Control signals are found in the
Timer/Counter0 Control Register (TCCR0). The interrupt enable/disable settings for
Timer/Counter0 are found in the Timer/Counter Interrupt Mask Register (TIMSK).
When Timer/Counter0 is externally clocked, the external signal is synchronized with the
oscillator frequency of the CPU. To ensure proper sampling of the external clock, the
minimum time between two external clock transitions must be at least one internal CPU
clock period. The external clock signal is sampled on the rising edge of the internal CPU
clock.
The 8-bit Timer/Counter0 features both a high-resolution and a high-accuracy usage
with the lower prescaling opportunities. Similarly, the high prescaling opportunities make
the Timer/Counter0 useful for lower speed functions or exact timing functions with infrequent actions.
28
AT90S/LS2323/2343
1004D–09/01
AT90S/LS2323/2343
Figure 30. Timer/Counter 0 Block Diagram
T0
Timer/Counter0 Control
Register – TCCR0
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$33 ($53)
–
–
–
–
–
CS02
CS01
CS00
Read/Write
R
R
R
R
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TCCR0
• Bits 7..3 – Res: Reserved Bits
These bits are reserved bits in the AT90S2323/2343 and always read zero.
• Bits 2, 1, 0 – CS02, CS01, CS00: Clock Select0, Bits 2, 1 and 0
The Clock Select0 bits 2, 1 and 0 define the prescaling source of Timer/Counter0.
Table 10. Clock 0 Prescale Select
CS02
CS01
CS00
Description
0
0
0
Stop, the Timer/Counter0 is stopped.
0
0
1
CK
0
1
0
CK/8
0
1
1
CK/64
1
0
0
CK/256
1
0
1
CK/1024
1
1
0
External Pin T0, falling edge
1
1
1
External Pin T0, rising edge
29
1004D–09/01
The Stop condition provides a Timer Enable/Disable function. The CK down divided
modes are scaled directly from the CK oscillator clock. If the external pin modes are
used for Timer/Counter0, transitions on PB2/(T0) will clock the counter even if the pin is
configured as an output. This feature can give the user software control of the counting.
Timer/Counter0 – TCNT0
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$32 ($52)
MSB
LSB
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TCNT0
The Timer/Counter0 is realized as an up-counter with read and write access. If the
Timer/Counter0 is written and a clock source is present, the Timer/Counter0 continues
counting in the timer clock cycle following the write operation.
Watchdog Timer
The Watchdog Timer is clocked from a separate On-chip oscillator. By controlling the
Watchdog Timer prescaler, the Watchdog reset interval can be adjusted as shown in
Table 11. See characterization data for typical values at other VCC levels. The WDR
(Watchdog Reset) instruction resets the Watchdog Timer. Eight different clock cycle
periods can be selected to determine the reset period. If the reset period expires without
another Watchdog reset, the AT90S2323/2343 resets and executes from the reset vector. For timing details on the Watchdog reset, refer to page 23.
To prevent unintentional disabling of the Watchdog, a special turn-off sequence must be
followed when the Watchdog is disabled. Refer to the description of the Watchdog Timer
Control Register for details.
Figure 31. Watchdog Timer
Oscillator
1 MHz at VCC = 5V
350 kHz at VCC = 3V
30
AT90S/LS2323/2343
1004D–09/01
AT90S/LS2323/2343
Watchdog Timer Control
Register – WDTCR
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$21 ($41)
–
–
–
WDTOE
WDE
WDP2
WDP1
WDP0
Read/Write
R
R
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
WDTCR
• Bits 7..5 – Res: Reserved Bits
These bits are reserved bits in the AT90S2323/2343 and will always read as zero.
• Bit 4 – WDTOE: Watchdog Turn-off Enable
This bit must be set (one) when the WDE bit is cleared. Otherwise, the Watchdog will
not be disabled. Once set, hardware will clear this bit to zero after four clock cycles.
Refer to the description of the WDE bit for a Watchdog disable procedure.
• Bit 3 – WDE: Watchdog Enable
When the WDE is set (one) the Watchdog Timer is enabled and if the WDE is cleared
(zero) the Watchdog Timer function is disabled. WDE can only be cleared if the WDTOE
bit is set (one). To disable an enabled Watchdog Timer, the following procedure must be
followed:
1. In the same operation, write a logical “1” to WDTOE and WDE. A logical “1” must
be written to WDE even though it is set to “1” before the disable operation starts.
2. Within the next four clock cycles, write a logical “0” to WDE. This disables the
Watchdog.
• Bits 2..0 – WDP2, WDP1, WDP0: Watchdog Timer Prescaler 2, 1 and 0
The WDP2, WDP1 and WDP0 bits determine the Watchdog Timer prescaling when the
Watchdog Timer is enabled. The different prescaling values and their corresponding
time-out periods are shown in Table 11.
Table 11. Watchdog Timer Prescale Select
Number of WDT
Oscillator Cycles
Typical Time-out
at VCC = 3.0V
Typical Time-out
at VCC = 5.0V
0
16K cycles
47 ms
15 ms
0
1
32K cycles
94 ms
30 ms
0
1
0
64K cycles
0.19 s
60 ms
0
1
1
128K cycles
0.38 s
0.12 s
1
0
0
256K cycles
0.75 s
0.24 s
1
0
1
512K cycles
1.5 s
0.49 s
1
1
0
1,024K cycles
3.0 s
0.97 s
1
1
1
2,048K cycles
6.0 s
1.9 s
WDP2
WDP1
WDP0
0
0
0
Note:
The frequency of the Watchdog oscillator is voltage-dependent as shown in the Electrical
Characteristics section.
The WDR (Watchdog Reset) instruction should always be executed before the Watchdog
Timer is enabled. This ensures that the reset period will be in accordance with the
Watchdog Timer prescale settings. If the Watchdog Timer is enabled without reset, the
Watchdog Timer may not start counting from zero.
To avoid unintentional MCU resets, the Watchdog Timer should be disabled or reset
before changing the Watchdog Timer Prescale Select.
31
1004D–09/01
EEPROM Read/Write
Access
The EEPROM access registers are accessible in the I/O space.
The write access time is in the range of 2.5 - 4 ms, depending on the VCC voltages. A
self-timing function, however, lets the user software detect when the next byte can be
written.
In order to prevent unintentional EEPROM writes, a specific write procedure must be followed. Refer to the description of the EEPROM Control Register for details on this.
When the EEPROM is written, the CPU is halted for two clock cycles before the next
instruction is executed. When the EEPROM is read, the CPU is halted for four clock
cycles before the next instruction is executed.
EEPROM Address Register –
EEAR
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$1E ($3E)
–
EEAR6
EEAR5
EEAR4
EEAR3
EEAR2
EEAR1
EEAR0
Read/Write
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
EEAR
• Bit 7 – Res: Reserved Bit
This bit is a reserved bit in the AT90S2323/2343 and will always read as zero.
• Bit 6..0 – EEAR6..0: EEPROM Address
The EEPROM Address Register (EEAR6..0) specifies the EEPROM address in the
128-byte EEPROM space. The EEPROM data bytes are addressed linearly between 0
and 127.
EEPROM Data Register –
EEDR
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$1D ($3D)
MSB
LSB
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
EEDR
• Bits 7..0 – EEDR7..0: EEPROM Data
For the EEPROM write operation, the EEDR register contains the data to be written to
the EEPROM in the address given by the EEAR register. For the EEPROM read operation, the EEDR contains the data read out from the EEPROM at the address given by
EEAR.
32
AT90S/LS2323/2343
1004D–09/01
AT90S/LS2323/2343
EEPROM Control Register –
EECR
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$1C ($3C)
–
–
–
–
–
EEMWE
EEWE
EERE
Read/Write
R
R
R
R
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
EECR
• Bits 7..3 – Res: Reserved Bits
These bits are reserved bits in the AT90S2323/2343 and will always read as zero.
• Bit 2 – EEMWE: EEPROM Master Write Enable
The EEMWE bit determines whether setting EEWE to “1” causes the EEPROM to be
written. When EEMWE is set (one), setting EEWE will write data to the EEPROM at the
selected address. If EEMWE is zero, setting EEWE will have no effect. When EEMWE
has been set (one) by software, hardware clears the bit to zero after four clock cycles.
See the description of the EEWE bit for a EEPROM write procedure.
• Bit 1 – EEWE: EEPROM Write Enable
The EEPROM Write Enable signal (EEWE) is the write strobe to the EEPROM. When
address and data are correctly set up, the EEWE bit must be set to write the value into
the EEPROM. The EEMWE bit must be set when the logical “1” is written to EEWE, otherwise no EEPROM write takes place. The following procedure should be followed
when writing the EEPROM (the order of steps 2 and 3 is unessential):
1. Wait until EEWE becomes zero.
2. Write new EEPROM address to EEAR (optional).
3. Write new EEPROM data to EEDR (optional).
4. Write a logical “1” to the EEMWE bit in EECR (to be able to write a logical “1” to
the EEMWE bit, the EEWE bit must be written to “0” in the same cycle).
5. Within four clock cycles after setting EEMWE, write a logical “1” to EEWE.
Caution: An interrupt between step 4 and step 5 will make the write cycle fail, since the
EEPROM Master Write Enable will time-out. If an interrupt routine accessing the
EEPROM is interrupting another EEPROM access, the EEAR and EEDR registers will
be modified, causing the interrupted EEPROM access to fail. It is recommended to have
the global interrupt flag cleared during the four last steps to avoid these problems.
When the write access time (typically 2.5 ms at VCC = 5V or 4 ms at VCC = 2.7V) has
elapsed, the EEWE bit is cleared (zero) by hardware. The user software can poll this bit
and wait for a zero before writing the next byte. When EEWE has been set, the CPU is
halted for two cycles before the next instruction is executed.
• Bit 0 – EERE: EEPROM Read Enable
The EEPROM Read Enable signal (EERE) is the read strobe to the EEPROM. When
the correct address is set up in the EEAR register, the EERE bit must be set. When the
EERE bit is cleared (zero) by hardware, requested data is found in the EEDR register.
The EEPROM read access takes one instruction and there is no need to poll the EERE
bit. When EERE has been set, the CPU is halted for four cycles before the next instruction is executed.
The user should poll the EEWE bit before starting the read operation. If a write operation
is in progress when new data or address is written to the EEPROM I/O registers, the
write operation will be interrupted and the result is undefined.
33
1004D–09/01
Prevent EEPROM
Corruption
During periods of low VCC, the EEPROM data can be corrupted because the supply voltage is too low for the CPU and the EEPROM to operate properly. These issues are the
same as for board level systems using the EEPROM and the same design solutions
should be applied.
An EEPROM data corruption can be caused by two situations when the voltage is too
low. First, a regular write sequence to the EEPROM requires a minimum voltage to
operate correctly. Secondly, the CPU itself can execute instructions incorrectly, if the
supply voltage for executing instructions is too low.
EEPROM data corruption can easily be avoided by following these design recommendations (one is sufficient):
1. Keep the AVR RESET active (low) during periods of insufficient power supply
voltage. This is best done by an external low VCC Reset Protection circuit, often
referred to as a Brown-out Detector (BOD). Please refer to application note AVR
180 for design considerations regarding power-on reset and low-voltage
detection.
2. Keep the AVR core in Power-down Sleep mode during periods of low VCC. This
will prevent the CPU from attempting to decode and execute instructions, effectively protecting the EEPROM registers from unintentional writes.
3. Store constants in Flash memory if the ability to change memory contents from
software is not required. Flash memory cannot be updated by the CPU and will
not be subject to corruption.
34
AT90S/LS2323/2343
1004D–09/01
AT90S/LS2323/2343
I/O Port B
All AVR ports have true read-modify-write functionality when used as general digital I/O
ports. This means that the direction of one port pin can be changed without unintentionally changing the direction of any other pin with the SBI and CBI instructions. The same
applies for changing drive value (if configured as output) or enabling/disabling of pull-up
resistors (if configured as input).
For the AT90S/LS2323, Port B is an 3-bit bi-directional I/O port. For the AT90S/LS2343,
Port B is a 5-bit bi-directional I/O port.
Please note: Bits 3 and 4 in the description of PORTB, DDRB and PINB do not apply to
the AT90S/LS2323. They are read only with a value of 0.
Three I/O memory address locations are allocated for Port B, one each for the Data
Register – PORTB, $18 ($38), Data Direction Register – DDRB, $17($37) and the Port
B Input Pins – PINB, $16($36). The Port B Input Pins address is read-only, while the
Data Register and the Data Direction Register are read/write.
All port pins have individually selectable pull-up resistors. The Port B output buffers can
sink 20 mA and thus drive LED displays directly. When pins PB0 to PB4 are used as
inputs and are externally pulled low, they will source current if the internal pull-up resistors are activated.
The Port B pins with alternate functions are shown in Table 12.
Table 12. Port B Pin Alternate Functions
Port Pin
Alternate Functions
PB0
MOSI (Data input line for memory downloading)
PB1
MISO (Data output line for memory uploading)
INT0 (External Interrupt0 Input)
PB2
SCK (Serial clock input for serial programming)
TO (Timer/Counter0 counter clock input)
PB3
CLOCK (Clock input, AT90S/LS2343 only)
When the pins are used for the alternate function the DDRB and PORTB register has to
be set according to the alternate function description.
Port B Data Register – PORTB
Port B Data Direction Register
– DDRB
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$18 ($38)
–
–
–
PORTB4
PORTB3
PORTB2
PORTB1
PORTB0
Read/Write
R
R
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$17 ($37)
–
–
–
DDB4
DDB3
DDB2
DDB1
DDB0
Read/Write
R
R
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
PORTB
DDRB
35
1004D–09/01
Port B Input Pins Address –
PINB
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
$16 ($36)
–
–
–
PINB4
PINB3
PINB2
PINB1
PINB0
Read/Write
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Initial Value
0
0
0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
PINB
The Port B Input Pins address (PINB) is not a register and this address enables access
to the physical value on each Port B pin. When reading PORTB, the Port B Data Latch
is read and when reading PINB, the logical values present on the pins are read.
Port B as General Digital
I/O
All pins in port B have equal functionality when used as digital I/O pins.
PBn, general I/O pin: The DDBn bit in the DDRB register selects the direction of this pin,
if DDBn is set (one), PBn is configured as an output pin. If DDBn is cleared (zero), PBn
is configured as an input pin. If PORTBn is set (one) when the pin is configured as an
input pin, the MOS pull-up resistor is activated. To switch the pull-up resistor off, the
PORTBn has to be cleared (zero) or the pin has to be configured as an output pin. The
port pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not
running.
Table 13. DDBn Effects on Port B Pins
Alternate Functions of Port B
DDBn
PORTBn
I/O
Pull-up
Comment
0
0
Input
No
Tri-state (high-Z)
0
1
Input
Yes
PBn will source current if ext. pulled low
1
0
Output
No
Push-pull Zero Output
1
1
Output
No
Push-pull One Output
The alternate pin functions of Port B are as follows:
• CLOCK – Port B, Bit 3
Clock input: AT90S/LS2343 only. When the RCEN fuse is programmed and the device
runs from the internal RC oscillator, this pin is a general I/O pin. When the RCEN fuse is
unprogrammed, an external clock source must be connected to CLOCK.
• SCK/T0 – Port B, Bit 2
In Serial Programming mode, this bit serves as the serial clock input, SCK.
During normal operation, this pin can serve as the external counter clock input. See the
timer/counter description for further details. If external timer/counter clocking is selected,
activity on this pin will clock the counter even if it is configured as an output.
• MISO/INT0 – Port B, Bit 1
In Serial Programming mode, this bit serves as the serial data output, MISO.
During normal operation, this pin can serve as the external interrupt0 input. See the
interrupt description for details on how to enable this interrupt. Note that activity on this
pin will trigger the interrupt even if the pin is configured as an output.
• MOSI – Port B, Bit 0
In Serial Programming mode, this pin serves as the serial data input, MOSI.
36
AT90S/LS2323/2343
1004D–09/01
AT90S/LS2323/2343
Memory Programming
Program and Data
Memory Lock Bits
The AT90S2323/2343 MCU provides two Lock bits that can be left unprogrammed (“1”)
or can be programmed (“0”) to obtain the additional features listed in Table 14. The Lock
bits can only be erased with the Chip Erase operation.
Table 14. Lock Bit Protection Modes
Memory Lock Bits
Mode
LB1
LB2
1
1
1
No memory lock features enabled.
2
0
1
Further programming of the Flash and EEPROM is disabled.(1)
3
Note:
Fuse Bits in
AT90S/LS2323
Protection Type
0
0
Same as mode 2, and verify is also disabled.
1. In the high-voltage Serial Programming mode, further programming of the Fuse bits
are also disabled. Program the Fuse bits before programming the Lock bits.
The AT90S/LS2323 has two Fuse bits, SPIEN and FSTRT.
•
When the SPIEN Fuse is programmed (“0”), Serial Program and Data Downloading
are enabled. Default value is programmed (“0”). This bit is not accessible in the lowvoltage Serial Programming mode.
•
When the FSTRT Fuse is programmed (“0”), the shortest start-up time is selected
as indicated in Table 6 on page 21. Default value is programmed (“0”). Changing the
FSTRT Fuse does not take effect until the next Power-on Reset. In AT90S/LS2343
the start-up time is fixed.
The status of the Fuse bits is not affected by Chip Erase.
Fuse Bits in
AT90S/LS2343
The AT90S/LS2343 has two Fuse bits, SPIEN and RCEN.
•
When the SPIEN Fuse is programmed (“0”), Serial Program and Data Downloading
are enabled. Default value is programmed (“0”). This bit is not accessible in the lowvoltage Serial Programming mode.
•
When the RCEN Fuse is programmed (“0”), the internal RC oscillator is selected as
the MCU clock source. Default value is programmed ("0") in AT90LS2343-1. Default
value is un-programmed ("1") in AT90LS2343-4 and AT90S2343-10. Changing the
RCEN Fuse does not take effect until the next Power-on Reset. AT90S/LS2323
cannot select the internal RC oscillator as the MCU source.
The status of the Fuse bits is not affected by Chip Erase.
Signature Bytes
All Atmel microcontrollers have a three-byte signature code that identifies the device.
The three bytes reside in a separate address space.
For the AT90S/LS2323(Note:), they are:
1. $000: $1E (indicates manufactured by Atmel)
2. $001: $91 (indicates 2K bytes Flash memory)
3. $002: $02 (indicates AT90S/LS2323 when signature byte $001 is $91)
For AT90S/LS2343(Note:), they are:
1. $000: $1E (indicates manufactured by Atmel)
2. $001: $91 (indicates 2K bytes Flash memory)
37
1004D–09/01
3. $002: $03 (indicates AT90S/LS2343 when signature byte $001 is $91)
Note:
Programming the Flash
and EEPROM
When both Lock bits are programmed (Lock mode 3), the signature bytes cannot be read
in the low-voltage Serial mode. Reading the signature bytes will return: $00, $01 and
$02.
Atmel’s AT90S2323/2343 offers 2K bytes of In-System Programmable Flash program
memory and 128 bytes of EEPROM data memory.
The AT90S2323/2343 is shipped with the On-chip Flash program and EEPROM data
memory arrays in the erased state (i.e., contents = $FF) and ready to be programmed.
The device supports a high-voltage (12V) Serial Programming mode and a low-voltage
Serial Programming mode. The +12V is used for programming enable only and no current of significance is drawn by this pin. The low-voltage Serial Programming mode
provides a convenient way to download program and data into the device inside the
user’s system.
The program and EEPROM memory arrays in the AT90S2323/2343 are programmed
byte-by-byte in either programming modes. For the EEPROM, an auto-erase cycle is
provided within the self-timed write instruction in the low-voltage Serial Programming
mode.
During programming, the supply voltage must be in accordance with Table 15.
Table 15. Supply Voltage during Programming
Part
High-voltage Serial
Programming
Low-voltage Serial Programming
High-voltage Serial Programming
AT90S2323
4.0 - 6.0V
4.5 - 5.5V
AT90LS2323
2.7 - 6.0V
4.5 - 5.5V
AT90S2323
4.0 - 6.0V
4.5 - 5.5V
AT90LS2323
2.7 - 6.0V
4.5 - 5.5V
This section describes how to program and verify Flash program memory, EEPROM
data memory, Lock bits and Fuse bits in the AT90S2323/2343.
Figure 32. High-voltage Serial Programming
11.5 - 12.5V
SERIAL CLOCK INPUT
AT90S/LS2323,
AT90S/LS2343
RESET
VCC
XTAL1/PB3
PB2
SERIAL DATA OUTPUT
PB1
SERIAL INSTR. INPUT
PB0
SERIAL DATA INPUT
GND
38
4.5 - 5.5V
AT90S/LS2323/2343
1004D–09/01
AT90S/LS2323/2343
High-voltage Serial
Programming Algorithm
To program and verify the AT90S/LS2323 and AT90S/LS234 in the high-voltage Serial
Programming mode, the following sequence is recommended (see instruction formats in
Table 16):
1. Power-up sequence: Apply 4.5 - 5.5V between VCC and GND. Set RESET and
PB0 to “0” and wait at least 100 ns. Then, if the RCEN Fuse is not programmed,
toggle XTAL1/PB3 at least four times with minimum 100 ns pulse width. Set PB3
to “0”. Wait at least 100 ns. Or, if the RCEN Fuse is programmed, set PB3 to “0”.
Wait for least 4 µs. In both cases, apply 12V to RESET and wait at least 100 ns
before changing PB0. Wait 8 µs before giving any instructions.
2. The Flash array is programmed one byte at a time by supplying first the address,
then the low and high data bytes. The write instruction is self-timed; wait until the
PB2 (RDY/BSY) pin goes high.
3. The EEPROM array is programmed one byte at a time by supplying first the
address, then the data byte. The write instruction is self-timed; wait until the PB2
(RDY/BSY) pin goes high.
4. Any memory location can be verified by using the Read instruction, which returns
the contents at the selected address at serial output PB2.
5. Power-off sequence:Set PB3 to “0”.
Set RESET to “0”.
Turn VCC power off.
When writing or reading serial data to the device, data is clocked on the rising edge of
the serial clock. See Figure 33, Figure 34 and Table 17 for details.
Figure 33. High-voltage Serial Programming Waveforms
SERIAL DATA INPUT
PB0
SERIAL INSTR. INPUT
PB1
SERIAL DATA OUTPUT
PB2
SERIAL CLOCK INPUT
XTAL1/PB3
MSB
LSB
MSB
LSB
LSB
MSB
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
39
1004D–09/01
Table 16. High-voltage Serial Programming Instruction Set
Instruction Format
Instruction
Instr.1
Instr.2
Instr.3
Instr.4
PB0
0_1000_0000_00
0_0000_0000_00
0_0000_0000_00
0_0000_0000_00
PB1
0_0100_1100_00
0_0110_0100_00
0_0110_1100_00
0_0100_1100_00
PB2
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
PB0
0_0001_0000_00
0_0000_00aa_00
0_bbbb_bbbb_00
PB1
0_0100_1100_00
0_0001_1100_00
0_0000_1100_00
PB2
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
PB0
0_ i i i i_i i i i _00
0_0000_0000_00
0_0000_0000_00
PB1
0_0010_1100_00
0_0110_0100_00
0_0110_1100_00
PB2
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
0_0000_0000_00
PB0
0_ i i i i_i i i i _00
0_0000_0000_00
0_0000_0000_00
PB1
0_0010_1100_00
0_0111_0100_00
0_0111_1100_00
PB2
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
0_0000_0000_00
PB0
0_0000_0010_00
0_0000_00aa_00
0_bbbb_bbbb_00
PB1
0_0100_1100_00
0_0001_1100_00
0_0000_1100_00
PB2
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
PB0
0_0000_0000_00
0_0000_0000_00
PB1
0_0110_1000_00
0_0110_1100_00
PB2
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
o_oooo_ooox_xx
PB0
0_0000_0000_00
0_0000_0000_00
PB1P
B2
0_0111_1000_00
0_0111_1100_00
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
o_oooo_ooox_xx
Write
EEPROM
Low Address
PB0
0_0001_0001_00
0_0bbb_bbbb_00
PB1
0_0100_1100_00
0_0000_1100_00
PB2
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
Write
EEPROM
Byte
PB0
0_ i i i i_i i i i _00
0_0000_0000_00
0_0000_0000_00
PB1
0_0010_1100_00
0_0110_0100_00
0_0110_1100_00
PB2
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
0_0000_0000_00
Read
EEPROM
Low Address
PB0
0_0000_0011_00
0_0bbb_bbbb_00
PB1
0_0100_1100_00
0_0000_1100_00
PB2
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
Read
EEPROM
Byte
PB0
0_0000_0000_00
0_0000_0000_00
PB1
0_0110_1000_00
0_0110_1100_00
PB2
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
o_oooo_ooox_xx
Write Fuse
Bits (AT90S/
LS2323)
PB0
0_0100_0000_00
0_11S1_111F_00
0_0000_0000_00
0_0000_0000_00
PB1
0_0100_1100_00
0_0010_1100_00
0_0110_0100_00
0_0110_1100_00
PB2
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
Write Fuse
Bits (AT90S/
LS2343)
PB0
0_0100_0000_00
0_11S1_111R_00
0_0000_0000_00
0_0000_0000_00
PB1
0_0100_1100_00
0_0010_1100_00
0_0110_0100_00
0_0110_1100_00
PB2
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
PB0
0_0010_0000_00
0_1111_1211_00
0_0000_0000_00
0_0000_0000_00
PB1
0_0100_1100_00
0_0010_1100_00
0_0110_0100_00
0_0110_1100_00
PB2
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
0_0000_0000_00
Chip Erase
Write Flash
High and Low
Address
Write Flash
Low Byte
Write Flash
High Byte
Read Flash
High and Low
Address
Read Flash
Low Byte
Read Flash
High Byte
Write Lock
Bits
40
Operation Remarks
Wait tWLWH_CE after Instr.3 for
the Chip Erase cycle to finish.
Repeat Instr.2 for a new
256-byte page. Repeat Instr.3
for each new address.
Wait after Instr.3 until PB2
goes high. Repeat Instr.1,
Instr. 2 and Instr.3 for each
new address.
Wait after Instr.3 until PB2
goes high. Repeat Instr.1,
Instr. 2 and Instr.3 for each
new address.
Repeat Instr.2 and Instr.3 for
each new address.
Repeat Instr.1 and Instr.2 for
each new address.
Repeat Instr.1 and Instr.2 for
each new address.
Repeat Instr.2 for each new
address.
Wait after Instr.3 until PB2
goes high
Repeat Instr.2 for each new
address.
Repeat Instr.2 for each new
address
Wait tWLWH_PFB after Instr.3 for
the Write Fuse bits cycle to
finish. Set S,F = “0” to
program, “1” to unprogram.
Wait tWLWH_PFB after Instr.3 for
the Write Fuse bits cycle to
finish. Set S,R = “0” to
program, “1” to unprogram.
Wait after Instr.4 until PB2
goes high. Write 2, 1 = “0” to
program the Lock bit.
AT90S/LS2323/2343
1004D–09/01
AT90S/LS2323/2343
Table 16. High-voltage Serial Programming Instruction Set (Continued)
Instruction Format
Instruction
Instr.1
Instr.2
Instr.3
Instr.4
Read Fuse
and Lock Bits
(AT90S/
LS2323)
PB0
0_0000_0100_00
0_0000_0000_00
0_0000_0000_00
PB1
0_0100_1100_00
0_0111_1000_00
0_0111_1100_00
PB2
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
1_2Sxx_xxRx_xx
Read Fuse
and Lock Bits
(AT90S/
LS2343)
PB0
0_0000_0100_00
0_0000_0000_00
0_0000_0000_00
PB1
0_0100_1100_00
0_0111_1000_00
0_0111_1100_00
PB2
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
1_2Sxx_xxRx_xx
Read
Signature
Bytes
PB0
0_0000_1000_00
0_0000_00bb_00
0_0000_0000_00
0_0000_0000_00
PB1
0_0100_1100_00
0_0000_1100_00
0_0110_1000_00
0_0110_1100_00
PB2
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
x_xxxx_xxxx_xx
o_oooo_ooox_xx
Note:
Operation Remarks
Reading 1, 2, S, R = “0” means
the Fuse/Lock bit is
programmed.
Reading 1, 2, S, R = “0” means
the Fuse/Lock bit is
programmed.
Repeat Instr.2 - Instr.4 for each
signature byte address.
a = address high bits
b = address low bits
i = data in
o = data out
x = don’t care
1 = Lock Bit1
2 = Lock Bit2
F = FSTRT Fuse
R = RCEN Fuse
S = SPIEN Fuse
41
1004D–09/01
High-voltage Serial Programming Characteristics
Figure 34. High-voltage Serial Programming Timing
SDI (PB0), SII (PB1)
tIVSH
SCI (XTAL1/PB3)
tSHIX
tSLSH
tSHSL
SDO (PB2)
tSHOV
Table 17. High-voltage Serial Programming Characteristics, TA = 25°C ± 10%, VCC =
5.0V ± 10% (unless otherwise noted)
Symbol
Low-voltage Serial
Downloading
Parameter
Min
Typ
Max
Units
tSHSL
SCI (XTAL1/PB3) Pulse Width High
100.0
ns
tSLSH
SCI (XTAL1/PB3) Pulse Width Low
100.0
ns
tIVSH
SDI (PB0), SII (PB1) Valid to SCI (XTAL1/PB3)
High
50.0
ns
tSHIX
SDI (PB0), SII (PB1) Hold after SCI (XTAL1/PB3)
High
50.0
ns
tSHOV
SCI (XTAL1/PB3) High to SDO (PB2) Valid
10.0
16.0
32.0
ns
tWLWH_CE
Wait after Instr.3 for Chip Erase
5.0
10.0
15.0
ms
tWLWH_PFB
Wait after Instr.3 for Write Fuse Bits
1.0
1.5
1.8
ms
Both the program and data memory arrays can be programmed using the serial SPI bus
while RESET is pulled to GND. The serial interface consists of pins SCK, MOSI (input)
and MISO (output) (see Figure 35). After RESET is set low, the Programming Enable
instruction needs to be executed first before program/erase instructions can be
executed.
Figure 35. Low-voltage Serial Programming and Verify
AT90S/LS2323,
2.7 - 6.0V
AT90S/LS2343
GND
RESET
GND
42
VCC
PB2
SCK
PB1
MISO
PB0
MOSI
AT90S/LS2323/2343
1004D–09/01
AT90S/LS2323/2343
For the EEPROM, an auto-erase cycle is provided within the self-timed Write instruction
and there is no need to first execute the Chip Erase instruction. The Chip Erase instruction turns the content of every memory location in both the program and EEPROM
arrays into $FF.
The program and EEPROM memory arrays have separate address spaces: $0000 to
$03FF for Flash program memory and $000 to $07F for EEPROM data memory.
Either an external clock is applied to the XTAL1/PB3 pin or the device must be clocked
from the internal RC oscillator (AT90S/LS2343 only). The minimum low and high periods for the serial clock (SCK) input are defined as follows:
Low: > 2 MCU clock cycles
High: > 2 MCU clock cycles
Low-voltage Serial
Programming Algorithm
When writing serial data to the AT90S2323/2343, data is clocked on the rising edge of
SCK.
When reading data from the AT90S2323/2343, data is clocked on the falling edge of
SCK. See Figure 36, Figure 37 and Table 20 for timing details.
To program and verify the AT90S2323/2343 in the low-voltage Serial Programming
mode, the following sequence is recommended (see 4-byte instruction formats in
Table 19):
1. Power-up sequence:
Apply power between VCC and GND while RESET and SCK are set to “0”. (If the
programmer cannot guarantee that SCK is held low during power-up, RESET must
be given a positive pulse after SCK has been set to “0”.) If the device is programmed for external clocking, apply a 0 - 8 MHz clock to the XTAL1/PB3 pin. If the
internal RC oscillator is selected as the clock source, no external clock source
needs to be applied (AT90S/LS2343 only).
2. Wait for at least 20 ms and enable serial programming by sending the Programming Enable serial instruction to the MOSI (PB0) pin. Refer to the above section
for minimum low and high periods for the serial clock input, SCK.
3. The serial programming instructions will not work if the communication is out of
synchronization. When in sync, the second byte ($53) will echo back when issuing the third byte of the Programming Enable instruction. Whether the echo is
correct or not, all four bytes of the instruction must be transmitted. If the $53 did
not echo back, give SCK a positive pulse and issue a new Programming Enable
instruction. If the $53 is not seen within 32 attempts, there is no functional device
connected.
4. If a Chip Erase is performed (must be done to erase the Flash), wait tWD_ERASE
after the instruction, give RESET a positive pulse and start over from step 2. See
Table 21 on page 46 for tWD_ERASE value.
5. The Flash or EEPROM array is programmed one byte at a time by supplying the
address and data together with the appropriate Write instruction. An EEPROM
memory location is first automatically erased before new data is written. Use
Data Polling to detect when the next byte in the Flash or EEPROM can be written. If polling is not used, wait tWD_PROG before transmitting the next instruction.
See Table 22 on page 46 for tWD_PROG value. In an erased device, no $FFs in the
data file(s) need to be programmed.
6. Any memory location can be verified by using the Read instruction, which returns
the content at the selected address at the serial output MISO (PB1) pin.
43
1004D–09/01
7. At the end of the programming session, RESET can be set high to commence
normal operation.
8. Power-off sequence (if needed):
Set CLOCK/XTAL1 to “0”.
Set RESET to “1”.
Turn VCC power off.
Data Polling EEPROM
When a byte is being programmed into the EEPROM, reading the address location
being programmed will give the value P1 until the auto-erase is finished, and then the
value P2 will be given. See Table 18 for P1 and P2 values.
At the time the device is ready for a new EEPROM byte, the programmed value will read
correctly. This is used to determine when the next byte can be written. This will not work
for the values P1 and P2, so when programming these values, the user will have to wait
for at least the prescribed time tWD_PROG before programming the next byte. See Table 22
for tWD_PROG value. As a chip-erased device contains $FF in all locations, programming
of addresses that are meant to contain $FF can be skipped. This does not apply if the
EEPROM is reprogrammed without first chip-erasing the device.
Table 18. Read Back Value during EEPROM Polling
Data Polling Flash
Part
P1
P2
AT90S2323
$00
$FF
AT90S2343
$00
$FF
When a byte is being programmed into the Flash, reading the address location being
programmed will give the value $FF. At the time the device is ready for a new byte, the
programmed value will read correctly. This is used to determine when the next byte can
be written. This will not work for the value $FF, so when programming this value, the
user will have to wait for at least tWD_PROG before programming the next byte. As a chiperased device contains $FF in all locations, programming of addresses that are meant
to contain $FF can be skipped.
Figure 36. Low-voltage Serial Downloading Waveforms
SERIAL DATA INPUT
PB0(MOSI)
MSB
LSB
SERIAL DATA OUTPUT
PB1(MISO)
MSB
LSB
SERIAL CLOCK INPUT
PB2(SCK)
44
AT90S/LS2323/2343
1004D–09/01
AT90S/LS2323/2343
Table 19. Low-voltage Serial Programming Instruction Set AT90S2323/2343
Instruction Format
Instruction
Byte 1
Byte 2
Byte 3
Byte 4
1010 1100
0101 0011
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
Enable Serial programming while
RESET is low.
1010 1100
100x xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
Chip erase both Flash and
EEPROM memory arrays.
0010 H000
0000 00aa
bbbb bbbb
oooo oooo
Read H (high or low) data o from
program memory at word address
a:b.
0100 H000
0000 00aa
bbbb bbbb
iiii iiii
Write H (high or low) data i to
program memory at word address
a:b.
Read
EEPROM Memory
1010 0000
0000 0000
xbbb bbbb
oooo oooo
Read data o from EEPROM
memory at address b.
Write
EEPROM Memory
1100 0000
0000 0000
xbbb bbbb
iiii iiii
Write data i to EEPROM memory at
address b.
Read Lock and
Fuse Bits
(AT90S/LS2323)
0101 1000
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
12Sx xxxF
Read Lock and Fuse bits.
“0” = programmed,
“1” = unprogrammed
Read Lock and
Fuse Bits
(AT90S/LS2343)
0101 1000
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
12Sx xxxR
Read Lock and Fuse bits.
“0” = programmed,
“1” = unprogrammed
1010 1100
1111 1211
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
Write Lock bits. Set bits 1,2 = “0” to
program Lock bits.
Write FSTRT Bit
(AT90S/LS2323)
1010 1100
1011 111F
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
Write FSTRT fuse. Set bit F = “0” to
program, “1” to unprogram.(2)
Write RCEN Bit
(AT90S/LS2343)
1010 1100
1011 111R
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
Write RCEN Fuse. Set bit R = ‘0’ to
program, ‘1’ to unprogram.(2)
Read Signature
Bytes
0011 0000
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxbb
oooo oooo
Read signature byte o from
address b.(3)
Programming
Enable
Chip Erase
Read Program
Memory
Write Program
Memory
Write Lock Bits
Notes:
Operation
1. a = address high bits
b = address low bits
H = 0 – Low byte, 1 – High byte
o = data out
i = data in
x = don’t care
1 = lock bit 1
2 = lock bit 2
F = FSTRT Fuse
R = RCEN Fuse
S = SPIEN Fuse
2. When the state of the RCEN/FSTRT bit is changed, the device must be power cycled for the changes to have any effect.
3. The signature bytes are not readable in Lock mode 3, i.e., both Lock bits programmed.
45
1004D–09/01
Low-voltage Serial Programming Characteristics
Figure 37. Low-voltage Serial Programming Timing
MOSI
tOVSH
SCK
tSLSH
tSHOX
tSHSL
MISO
tSLIV
Table 20. Low-voltage Serial Programming Characteristics, TA = -40°C to 85°C, VCC =
2.7 - 6.0V (unless otherwise noted)
Symbol
Parameter
Min
1/tCLCL
Oscillator Frequency (VCC = 2.7 - 4.0V)
tCLCL
Oscillator Period (VCC = 2.7 - 4.0V)
1/tCLCL
Oscillator Frequency (VCC = 4.0 - 6.0V)
tCLCL
Oscillator Period (VCC = 4.0 - 6.0V)
tSHSL
Typ
0
Max
Units
4.0
MHz
250.0
ns
0
8.0
MHz
125.0
ns
SCK Pulse Width High
2.0 tCLCL
ns
tSLSH
SCK Pulse Width Low
2.0 tCLCL
ns
tOVSH
MOSI Setup to SCK High
tCLCL
ns
tSHOX
MOSI Hold after SCK High
2.0 tCLCL
ns
tSLIV
SCK Low to MISO Valid
10.0
16.0
32.0
ns
Table 21. Minimum Wait Delay after the Chip Erase Instruction
Symbol
3.2V
3.6V
4.0V
5.0V
tWD_ERASE
18 ms
14 ms
12 ms
8 ms
Table 22. Minimum Wait Delay after Writing a Flash or EEPROM Location
46
Symbol
3.2V
3.6V
4.0V
5.0V
tWD_PROG
9 ms
7 ms
6 ms
4 ms
AT90S/LS2323/2343
1004D–09/01
AT90S/LS2323/2343
Electrical Characteristics
Absolute Maximum Ratings*
Operating Temperature.................................. -55°C to +125°C
*NOTICE:
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute
Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and
functional operation of the device at these or
other conditions beyond those indicated in the
operational sections of this specification is not
implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating
conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
Storage Temperature ..................................... -65°C to +150°C
Voltage on Any Pin except RESET
with respect to Ground ..............................-1.0V to VCC + 0.5V
Voltage on RESET with Respect to Ground ....-1.0V to +13.0V
Maximum Operating Voltage ............................................ 6.6V
DC Current per I/O Pin ............................................... 40.0 mA
DC Current VCC and GND Pins................................ 200.0 mA
DC Characteristics
TA = -40°C to 85°C, VCC = 2.7V to 6.0V (unless otherwise noted)
Symbol
Parameter
VIL
Input Low Voltage
Condition
Min
(Except XTAL)
VIL1
Input Low Voltage
XTAL
VIH
Input High Voltage
(Except XTAL, RESET)
VIH1
Input High Voltage
XTAL
Typ
Max
-0.5
0.3 VCC
-0.5
(1)
0.1
Units
(1)
V
V
0.6 VCC(2)
VCC + 0.5
V
(2)
VCC + 0.5
V
VCC + 0.5
V
0.5
0.4
V
V
0.7 VCC
(2)
VIH2
Input High Voltage
RESET
VOL
Output Low Voltage Ports B
IOL = 20 mA, VCC = 5V
IOL = 10 mA, VCC = 3V
VOH
Output High Voltage Ports B
IOH = -3 mA, VCC = 5V
IOH = -1.5 mA, VCC = 3V
IIL
Input Leakage
Current I/O Pin
VCC = 6V, Pin Low
(absolute value)
8.0
µA
IIH
Input Leakage
Current I/O Pin
VCC = 6V, Pin High
(absolute value)
8.0
µA
0.85 VCC
4.2
2.4
V
V
RRST
Reset Pull-up
100.0
500.0
kΩ
RI/O
I/O Pin Pull-up
30.0
150.0
kΩ
Active 4 MHz, VCC = 3V
3.0
mA
Idle 4 MHz, VCC = 3V
1.1
mA
Power-down 4 MHz ,
VCC = 3V WDT Enabled
25.0
µA
Power-down 4 MHz(3),
VCC = 3V WDT Disabled
20.0
µA
Active 4 MHz, VCC = 3V
4.0
mA
1.0
1.2
mA
Power-down ,
VCC = 3V WDT Enabled
9.0
15.0
µA
Power-down(3),
VCC = 3V WDT Disabled
<1.0
2.0
µA
Power Supply Current
AT90S2343
ICC
(3)
Idle 4 MHz, VCC = 3V
Power Supply Current
AT90S2323
Notes:
(3)
1. “Max” means the highest value where the pin is guaranteed to be read as low.
2. “Min” means the lowest value where the pin is guaranteed to be read as high.
3. Minimum VCC for Power-down is 2V.
47
1004D–09/01
External Clock Drive Waveforms
Figure 38. Waveforms
VIH1
VIL1
External Clock Drive
TA = -40°C to 85°C
VCC: 2.7V to 4.0V
Symbol
1/tCLCL
48
Parameter
Oscillator Frequency
VCC: 4.0V to 6.0V
Min
Max
Min
Max
Units
0
4.0
0
10.0
MHz
tCLCL
Clock Period
250.0
100.0
ns
tCHCX
High Time
100.0
40.0
ns
tCLCX
Low Time
100.0
40.0
ns
tCLCH
Rise Time
1.6
0.5
µs
tCHCL
Fall Time
1.6
0.5
µs
AT90S/LS2323/2343
1004D–09/01
AT90S/LS2323/2343
Typical
Characteristics
The following charts show typical behavior. These figures are not tested during manufacturing. All current consumption measurements are performed with all I/O pins
configured as inputs and with internal pull-ups enabled. A sine wave generator with railto-rail output is used as clock source.
The current consumption is a function of several factors such as: operating voltage,
operating frequency, loading of I/O pins, switching rate of I/O pins, code executed and
ambient temperature. The dominating factors are operating voltage and frequency.
The current drawn from capacitive loaded pins may be estimated (for one pin) as
CL•VCC•f where CL = load capacitance, VCC = operating voltage and f = average switching frequency of I/O pin.
The parts are characterized at frequencies higher than test limits. Parts are not guaranteed to function properly at frequencies higher than the ordering code indicates.
The difference between current consumption in Power-down mode with Watchdog
Timer enabled and Power-down mode with Watchdog Timer disabled represents the differential current drawn by the Watchdog Timer.
Figure 39. Active Supply Current vs. Frequency
ACTIVE SUPPLY CURRENT vs. FREQUENCY
TA= 25˚C
20.00
Vcc= 6V
18.00
Vcc= 5.5V
16.00
Vcc= 5V
I cc(mA)
14.00
12.00
Vcc= 4.5V
10.00
Vcc= 4V
Vcc= 3.6V
8.00
Vcc= 3.3V
6.00
Vcc= 3.0V
4.00
Vcc= 2.7V
2.00
0.00
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Frequency (MHz)
49
1004D–09/01
Figure 40. Active Supply Current vs. VCC
ACTIVE SUPPLY CURRENT vs. Vcc
FREQUENCY = 4 MHz
10
9
TA = 25˚C
8
TA = 85˚C
7
I cc(mA)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Vcc(V)
Figure 41. Active Supply Current vs. VCC
ACTIVE SUPPLY CURRENT vs. Vcc
DEVICE CLOCKED BY INTERNAL RC OSCILLATOR
7
6
TA = 25˚C
5
I cc(mA)
TA = 85˚C
4
3
2
1
0
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Vcc(V)
50
AT90S/LS2323/2343
1004D–09/01
AT90S/LS2323/2343
Figure 42. Idle Supply Current vs. Frequency
IDLE SUPPLY CURRENT vs. FREQUENCY
TA= 25˚C
5
Vcc= 6V
4.5
Vcc= 5.5V
4
Vcc= 5V
3.5
I cc(mA)
3
Vcc= 4.5V
2.5
Vcc= 4V
Vcc= 3.6V
2
Vcc= 3.3V
1.5
Vcc= 3.0V
1
Vcc= 2.7V
0.5
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Frequency (MHz)
Figure 43. Idle Supply Current vs. VCC
IDLE SUPPLY CURRENT vs. Vcc
FREQUENCY = 4 MHz
2.5
2
TA = 25˚C
I cc(mA)
TA = 85˚C
1.5
1
0.5
0
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Vcc(V)
51
1004D–09/01
Figure 44. Idle Supply Current vs. VCC
IDLE SUPPLY CURRENT vs. Vcc
DEVICE CLOCKED BY INTERNAL RC OSCILLATOR
0.8
0.7
TA = 25˚C
0.6
I cc(mA)
0.5
TA = 85˚C
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Vcc(V)
Figure 45. Power-down Supply Current vs. VCC
POWER DOWN SUPPLY CURRENT vs. Vcc
WATCHDOG TIMER DISABLED
25
TA = 85˚C
20
I cc(µΑ)
15
TA = 70˚C
10
5
TA = 45˚C
TA = 25˚C
0
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Vcc(V)
52
AT90S/LS2323/2343
1004D–09/01
AT90S/LS2323/2343
Figure 46. Power-down Supply Current vs. VCC
POWER DOWN SUPPLY CURRENT vs. Vcc
WATCHDOG TIMER ENABLED
180
160
TA = 85˚C
140
I cc(µΑ)
120
TA = 25˚C
100
80
60
40
20
0
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Vcc(V)
Figure 47. Watchdog Oscillator Frequency vs. VCC
WATCHDOG OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY vs. Vcc
1600
TA = 25˚C
1400
TA = 85˚C
F RC (KHz)
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Vcc (V)
53
1004D–09/01
Note:
Sink and source capabilities of I/O ports are measured on one pin at a time.
Figure 48. Pull-up Resistor Current vs. Input Voltage
PULL-UP RESISTOR CURRENT vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
Vcc = 5V
120
TA = 25˚C
100
TA = 85˚C
I
OP (µA)
80
60
40
20
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
VOP (V)
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Figure 49. Pull-up Resistor Current vs. Input Voltage
PULL-UP RESISTOR CURRENT vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
Vcc = 2.7V
30
TA = 25˚C
25
TA = 85˚C
15
I
OP (µA)
20
10
5
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
VOP (V)
54
AT90S/LS2323/2343
1004D–09/01
AT90S/LS2323/2343
Figure 50. I/O Pin Sink Current vs. Output Voltage
I/O PIN SINK CURRENT vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE
Vcc = 5V
70
TA = 25˚C
60
TA = 85˚C
50
30
I
OL (mA)
40
20
10
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
VOL (V)
Figure 51. I/O PIn Source Current vs. Output Voltage
I/O PIN SOURCE CURRENT vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE
Vcc = 5V
20
TA = 25˚C
18
16
TA = 85˚C
14
I
OH (mA)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
VOH (V)
55
1004D–09/01
Figure 52. I/O Pin Sink Current vs. Output Voltage
I/O PIN SINK CURRENT vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE
Vcc = 2.7V
25
TA = 25˚C
20
TA = 85˚C
10
I
OL (mA)
15
5
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
VOL (V)
Figure 53. I/O Pin Source Current vs. Output voltage
I/O PIN SOURCE CURRENT vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE
Vcc = 2.7V
6
TA = 25˚C
5
TA = 85˚C
3
I
OH (mA)
4
2
1
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
VOH (V)
56
AT90S/LS2323/2343
1004D–09/01
AT90S/LS2323/2343
Figure 54. I/O Pin Input Threshold Voltage vs. VCC
I/O PIN INPUT THRESHOLD VOLTAGE vs. Vcc
TA = 25˚C
2.5
Threshold Voltage (V)
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2.7
4.0
5.0
Vcc
Figure 55. I/O Pin Input Hysteresis vs. VCC
I/O PIN INPUT HYSTERESIS vs. Vcc
TA = 25˚C
0.18
0.16
Input hysteresis (V)
0.14
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
2.7
4.0
5.0
Vcc
57
1004D–09/01
AT90S2323/2343 Register Summary
Address
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Page
$3F ($5F)
SREG
I
T
H
S
V
N
Z
C
page 18
$3E ($5E)
Reserved
SP7
SP6
SP5
SP4
SP3
SP2
SP1
SP0
page 19
-
-
-
-
-
-
$3D ($5D)
SPL
$3C ($5C)
Reserved
$3B ($5B)
GIMSK
-
INT0
$3A ($5A)
GIFR
-
INTF0
$39 ($59)
TIMSK
-
-
-
-
-
-
TOIE0
-
page 25
$38 ($58)
TIFR
-
-
-
-
-
-
TOV0
-
page 25
$37 ($57)
Reserved
$36 ($56)
Reserved
$35 ($55)
MCUCR
-
-
SE
SM
-
-
ISC01
ISC00
page 26
$34 ($54)
MCUSR
-
-
-
-
-
-
EXTRF
PORF
page 23
$33 ($53)
TCCR0
-
-
-
-
-
CS02
CS01
CS00
page 29
$32 ($52)
TCNT0
$31 ($51)
Reserved
$30 ($50)
Reserved
$2F ($4F)
Reserved
$2E ($4E)
Reserved
$2D ($4D)
Reserved
$2C ($4C)
Reserved
$2B ($4B)
Reserved
$2A ($4A)
Reserved
$29 ($49)
Reserved
$28 ($48)
Reserved
$27 ($47)
Reserved
$26 ($46)
Reserved
$25 ($45)
Reserved
$24 ($44)
Reserved
$23 ($43)
Reserved
$22 ($42)
Reserved
$21 ($41)
WDTCR
$20 ($40)
Reserved
$1F ($3F)
Reserved
$1E ($3E)
EEAR
$1D ($3D)
EEDR
$1C ($3C)
EECR
Timer/Counter0 (8 Bits)
-
-
-
page 24
page 25
page 30
-
WDTOE
WDE
WDP2
WDP1
WDP0
EEPROM Address Register
page 31
page 32
EEPROM Data Register
page 32
-
-
-
-
-
EEMWE
EEWE
EERE
page 33
$1B ($3B)
Reserved
$1A ($3A)
Reserved
$19 ($39)
Reserved
$18 ($38)
PORTB
-
-
-
PORTB4
PORTB3
PORTB2
PORTB1
PORTB0
page 35
$17 ($37)
DDRB
-
-
-
DDB4
DDB3
DDB2
DDB1
DDB0
page 35
$16 ($36)
PINB
-
-
-
PINB4
PINB3
PINB2
PINB1
PINB0
page 36
$15 ($35)
Reserved
…
Reserved
$00 ($20)
Reserved
Note:
1. For compatibility with future devices, reserved bits should be written to zero if accessed. Reserved I/O memory addresses
should never be written.
2. Some of the status flags are cleared by writing a logical “1” to them. Note that the CBI and SBI instructions will operate on all
bits in the I/O register, writing a one back into any flag read as set, thus clearing the flag. The CBI and SBI instructions work
with registers $00 to $1F only.
58
AT90S/LS2323/2343
1004D–09/01
AT90S/LS2323/2343
Instruction Set Summary
Mnemonic
Operands
Description
Operation
Flags
# Clocks
ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC INSTRUCTIONS
ADD
Rd, Rr
Add Two Registers
Rd ← Rd + Rr
Z,C,N,V,H
ADC
Rd, Rr
Add with Carry Two Registers
Rd ← Rd + Rr + C
Z,C,N,V,H
1
ADIW
Rdl, K
Add Immediate to Word
Rdh:Rdl ← Rdh:Rdl + K
Z,C,N,V,S
2
SUB
Rd, Rr
Subtract Two Registers
Rd ← Rd − Rr
Z,C,N,V,H
1
SUBI
Rd, K
Subtract Constant from Register
Rd ← Rd − K
Z,C,N,V,H
1
SBIW
Rdl, K
Subtract Immediate from Word
Rdh:Rdl ← Rdh:Rdl − K
Z,C,N,V,S
2
SBC
Rd, Rr
Subtract with Carry Two Registers
Rd ← Rd − Rr − C
Z,C,N,V,H
1
SBCI
Rd, K
Subtract with Carry Constant from Reg.
Rd ← Rd − K − C
Z,C,N,V,H
1
AND
Rd, Rr
Logical AND Registers
Rd ← Rd • Rr
Z,N,V
1
ANDI
Rd, K
Logical AND Register and Constant
Rd ← Rd • K
Z,N,V
1
OR
Rd, Rr
Logical OR Registers
Rd ← Rd v Rr
Z,N,V
1
1
ORI
Rd, K
Logical OR Register and Constant
Rd ← Rd v K
Z,N,V
1
EOR
Rd, Rr
Exclusive OR Registers
Rd ← Rd ⊕ Rr
Z,N,V
1
COM
Rd
One’s Complement
Rd ← $FF − Rd
Z,C,N,V
1
NEG
Rd
Two’s Complement
Rd ← $00 − Rd
Z,C,N,V,H
1
SBR
Rd, K
Set Bit(s) in Register
Rd ← Rd v K
Z,N,V
1
CBR
Rd, K
Clear Bit(s) in Register
Rd ← Rd • ($FF − K)
Z,N,V
1
INC
Rd
Increment
Rd ← Rd + 1
Z,N,V
1
DEC
Rd
Decrement
Rd ← Rd − 1
Z,N,V
1
TST
Rd
Test for Zero or Minus
Rd ← Rd • Rd
Z,N,V
1
CLR
Rd
Clear Register
Rd ← Rd ⊕ Rd
Z,N,V
1
SER
Rd
Set Register
Rd ← $FF
None
1
2
BRANCH INSTRUCTIONS
Relative Jump
PC ← PC + k + 1
None
Indirect Jump to (Z)
PC ← Z
None
2
Relative Subroutine Call
PC ← PC + k + 1
None
3
ICALL
Indirect Call to (Z)
PC ← Z
None
3
RET
Subroutine Return
PC ← STACK
None
4
RJMP
k
IJMP
RCALL
k
Interrupt Return
PC ← STACK
I
Rd, Rr
Compare, Skip if Equal
if (Rd = Rr) PC ← PC + 2 or 3
None
CP
Rd, Rr
Compare
Rd − Rr
Z,N,V,C,H
1
CPC
Rd, Rr
Compare with Carry
Rd − Rr − C
Z,N,V,C,H
1
CPI
Rd, K
Compare Register with Immediate
Rd − K
Z,N,V,C,H
SBRC
Rr, b
Skip if Bit in Register Cleared
if (Rr(b) = 0) PC ← PC + 2 or 3
None
SBRS
Rr, b
Skip if Bit in Register is Set
if (Rr(b) = 1) PC ← PC + 2 or 3
None
1/2/3
SBIC
P, b
Skip if Bit in I/O Register Cleared
if (P(b) = 0) PC ← PC + 2 or 3
None
1/2/3
RETI
CPSE
4
1/2/3
1
1/2/3
SBIS
P, b
Skip if Bit in I/O Register is Set
if (R(b) = 1) PC ← PC + 2 or 3
None
1/2/3
BRBS
s, k
Branch if Status Flag Set
if (SREG(s) = 1) then PC ←=PC + k + 1
None
1/2
BRBC
s, k
Branch if Status Flag Cleared
if (SREG(s) = 0) then PC ←=PC + k + 1
None
1/2
BREQ
k
Branch if Equal
if (Z = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1
None
1/2
BRNE
k
Branch if Not Equal
if (Z = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1
None
1/2
BRCS
k
Branch if Carry Set
if (C = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1
None
1/2
BRCC
k
Branch if Carry Cleared
if (C = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1
None
1/2
BRSH
k
Branch if Same or Higher
if (C = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1
None
1/2
BRLO
k
Branch if Lower
if (C = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1
None
1/2
BRMI
k
Branch if Minus
if (N = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1
None
1/2
BRPL
k
Branch if Plus
if (N = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1
None
1/2
BRGE
k
Branch if Greater or Equal, Signed
if (N ⊕ V = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1
None
1/2
BRLT
k
Branch if Less Than Zero, Signed
if (N ⊕ V = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1
None
1/2
BRHS
k
Branch if Half-carry Flag Set
if (H = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1
None
1/2
BRHC
k
Branch if Half-carry Flag Cleared
if (H = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1
None
1/2
BRTS
k
Branch if T-flag Set
if (T = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1
None
1/2
BRTC
k
Branch if T-flag Cleared
if (T = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1
None
1/2
BRVS
k
Branch if Overflow Flag is Set
if (V = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1
None
1/2
BRVC
k
Branch if Overflow Flag is Cleared
if (V = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1
None
1/2
BRIE
k
Branch if Interrupt Enabled
if (I = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1
None
1/2
BRID
k
Branch if Interrupt Disabled
if (I = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1
None
1/2
59
1004D–09/01
Instruction Set Summary (Continued)
Mnemonic
Operands
Description
Operation
Flags
# Clocks
DATA TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS
MOV
Rd, Rr
Move between Registers
Rd ← Rr
None
1
LDI
Rd, K
Load Immediate
Rd ← K
None
1
LD
Rd, X
Load Indirect
Rd ← (X)
None
2
LD
Rd, X+
Load Indirect and Post-inc.
Rd ← (X), X ← X + 1
None
2
2
LD
Rd, -X
Load Indirect and Pre-dec.
X ← X − 1, Rd ← (X)
None
LD
Rd, Y
Load Indirect
Rd ← (Y)
None
2
LD
Rd, Y+
Load Indirect and Post-inc.
Rd ← (Y), Y ← Y + 1
None
2
LD
Rd, -Y
Load Indirect and Pre-dec.
Y ← Y − 1, Rd ← (Y)
None
2
LDD
Rd,Y+q
Load Indirect with Displacement
Rd ← (Y + q)
None
2
LD
Rd, Z
Load Indirect
Rd ← (Z)
None
2
LD
Rd, Z+
Load Indirect and Post-inc.
Rd ← (Z), Z ← Z + 1
None
2
LD
Rd, -Z
Load Indirect and Pre-dec.
Z ← Z - 1, Rd ← (Z)
None
2
LDD
Rd, Z+q
Load Indirect with Displacement
Rd ← (Z + q)
None
2
LDS
Rd, k
Load Direct from SRAM
Rd ← (k)
None
2
ST
X, Rr
Store Indirect
(X) ← Rr
None
2
ST
X+, Rr
Store Indirect and Post-inc.
(X) ← Rr, X ← X + 1
None
2
2
ST
-X, Rr
Store Indirect and Pre-dec.
X ← X - 1, (X) ← Rr
None
ST
Y, Rr
Store Indirect
(Y) ← Rr
None
2
ST
Y+, Rr
Store Indirect and Post-inc.
(Y) ← Rr, Y ← Y + 1
None
2
2
ST
-Y, Rr
Store Indirect and Pre-dec.
Y ← Y - 1, (Y) ← Rr
None
STD
Y+q, Rr
Store Indirect with Displacement
(Y + q) ← Rr
None
2
ST
Z, Rr
Store Indirect
(Z) ← Rr
None
2
ST
Z+, Rr
Store Indirect and Post-inc.
(Z) ← Rr, Z ← Z + 1
None
2
ST
-Z, Rr
Store Indirect and Pre-dec.
Z ← Z - 1, (Z) ← Rr
None
2
STD
Z+q, Rr
Store Indirect with Displacement
(Z + q) ← Rr
None
2
STS
k, Rr
Store Direct to SRAM
(k) ← Rr
None
2
Load Program Memory
R0 ← (Z)
None
3
LPM
IN
Rd, P
In Port
Rd ← P
None
1
OUT
P, Rr
Out Port
P ← Rr
None
1
PUSH
Rr
Push Register on Stack
STACK ← Rr
None
2
POP
Rd
Pop Register from Stack
Rd ← STACK
None
2
BIT AND BIT-TEST INSTRUCTIONS
SBI
P, b
Set Bit in I/O Register
I/O(P,b) ← 1
None
2
CBI
P, b
Clear Bit in I/O Register
I/O(P,b) ← 0
None
2
LSL
Rd
Logical Shift Left
Rd(n+1) ← Rd(n), Rd(0) ← 0
Z,C,N,V
1
LSR
Rd
Logical Shift Right
Rd(n) ← Rd(n+1), Rd(7) ← 0
Z,C,N,V
1
ROL
Rd
Rotate Left through Carry
Rd(0) ←=C, Rd(n+1) ← Rd(n), C ←=Rd(7)
Z,C,N,V
1
ROR
Rd
Rotate Right through Carry
Rd(7) ←=C, Rd(n) ← Rd(n+1), C ←=Rd(0)
Z,C,N,V
1
ASR
Rd
Arithmetic Shift Right
Rd(n) ← Rd(n+1), n = 0..6
Z,C,N,V
1
SWAP
Rd
Swap Nibbles
Rd(3..0) ←=Rd(7..4), Rd(7..4) ←=Rd(3..0)
None
1
1
BSET
s
Flag Set
SREG(s) ← 1
SREG(s)
BCLR
s
Flag Clear
SREG(s) ← 0
SREG(s)
1
BST
Rr, b
Bit Store from Register to T
T ← Rr(b)
T
1
BLD
Rd, b
Bit Load from T to Register
Rd(b) ← T
None
1
SEC
Set Carry
C←1
C
1
CLC
Clear Carry
C←0
C
1
SEN
Set Negative Flag
N←1
N
1
CLN
Clear Negative Flag
N←0
N
1
SEZ
Set Zero Flag
Z←1
Z
1
CLZ
Clear Zero Flag
Z←0
Z
1
SEI
Global Interrupt Enable
I←1
I
1
CLI
Global Interrupt Disable
I←0
I
1
SES
Set Signed Test Flag
S←1
S
1
CLS
Clear Signed Test Flag
S←0
S
1
SEV
Set Two’s Complement Overflow
V←1
V
1
CLV
Clear Two’s Complement Overflow
V←0
V
1
SET
Set T in SREG
T←1
T
1
CLT
Clear T in SREG
T←0
T
1
SEH
Set Half-carry Flag in SREG
H←1
H
1
CLH
Clear Half-carry Flag in SREG
H←0
H
1
NOP
No Operation
SLEEP
Sleep
WDR
Watchdog Reset
60
None
1
(see specific descr. for Sleep function)
None
1
(see specific descr. for WDR/timer)
None
1
AT90S/LS2323/2343
1004D–09/01
AT90S/LS2323/2343
Ordering Information
Power Supply
Speed (MHz)
2.7 - 6.0V
4
4.0 - 6.0V
2.7 - 6.0V
2.7 - 6.0V
4.0 - 6.0V
Notes:
10
1
4
10
Ordering Code
Package
Operation Range
AT90LS2323-4PC
AT90LS2323-4SC
8P3
8S2
Commercial
(0°C to 70°C)
AT90LS2323-4PI
AT90LS2323-4SI
8P3
8S2
Industrial
(-40°C to 85°C)
AT90S2323-10PC
AT90S2323-10SC
8P3
8S2
Commercial
(0°C to 70°C)
AT90S2323-10PI
AT90S2323-10SI
8P3
8S2
Industrial
(-40°C to 85°C)
AT90LS2343-1PC
AT90LS2343-1SC
8P3
8S2
Commercial
(0°C to 70°C)
AT90LS2343-1PI
AT90LS2343-1SI
8P3
8S2
Industrial
(-40°C to 85°C)
AT90LS2343-4PC
AT90LS2343-4SC
8P3
8S2
Commercial
(0°C to 70°C)
AT90LS2343-4PI
AT90LS2343-4SI
8P3
8S2
Industrial
(-40°C to 85°C)
AT90S2343-10PC
AT90S2343-10SC
8P3
8S2
Commercial
(0°C to 70°C)
AT90S2343-10PI
AT90S2343-10SI
8P3
8S2
Industrial
(-40°C to 85°C)
1. The speed grade refers to maximum clock rate when using an external crystal or external clock drive. The internal RC oscillator has the same nominal clock frequency for all speed grades.
2. In AT90LS2343-1xx, the internal RC oscillator is selected as default MCU clock source (RCEN fuse is programmed) when
the device is shipped from Atmel. In AT90LS2343-4xx and AT90S2343-10xx, the default MCU clock source is the clock
input pin (RCEN fuse is unprogrammed). The fuse settings can be changed by high voltage serial programming.
Package Type
8P3
8-lead, 0.300" Wide, Plastic Dual Inline Package (PDIP)
8S2
8-lead, 0.200" Wide, Plastic Gull Wing Small Outline Package (EIAJ SOIC)
61
1004D–09/01
Packaging Information
8P3
8P3, 8-lead, Plastic Dual Inline
Package (PDIP), 0.300" Wide.
Dimensions in Millimeters and (Inches)*
JEDEC STANDARD MS-001 BA
10.16(0.400)
9.017(0.355)
PIN
1
7.11(0.280)
6.10(0.240)
.300 (7.62) REF
254(0.100) BSC
5.33(0.210) MAX
Seating Plane
3.81(0.150)
2.92(0.115)
1.78(0.070)
1.14(0.045)
0.381(0.015)MIN
0.559(0.022)
0.356(0.014)
4.95(0.195)
2.92(0.115)
8.26(0.325)
7.62(0.300)
0.356(0.014)
0.203(0.008)
1.524(0.060)
0.000(0.000)
10.90(0.430) MAX
*Controlling dimension: Inches
REV. A
62
04/11/2001
AT90S/LS2323/2343
1004D–09/01
AT90S/LS2323/2343
8S2
.020 (.508)
.012 (.305)
.213 (5.41)
.205 (5.21)
PIN 1
.330 (8.38)
.300 (7.62)
.050 (1.27) BSC
.212 (5.38)
.203 (5.16)
.080 (2.03)
.070 (1.78)
.013 (.330)
.004 (.102)
0
REF
8
.010 (.254)
.007 (.178)
.035 (.889)
.020 (.508)
63
1004D–09/01
Atmel Headquarters
Atmel Product Operations
Corporate Headquarters
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Atmel Smart Card ICs
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TEL (44) 1355-357-000
FAX (44) 1355-242-743
e-mail
[email protected]
Web Site
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BBS
1-(408) 436-4309
© Atmel Corporation 2001.
Atmel Corporation makes no warranty for the use of its products, other than those expressly contained in the Company’s standard warranty
which is detailed in Atmel’s Terms and Conditions located on the Company’s web site. The Company assumes no responsibility for any errors
which may appear in this document, reserves the right to change devices or specifications detailed herein at any time without notice, and does
not make any commitment to update the information contained herein. No licenses to patents or other intellectual property of Atmel are granted
by the Company in connection with the sale of Atmel products, expressly or by implication. Atmel’s products are not authorized for use as critical
components in life support devices or systems.
ATMEL ® and AVR ® are the registered trademarks of Atmel.
Other terms and product names may be the trademarks of others.
Printed on recycled paper.
1004D–09/01/xM