Technical S pecification DQ62412QKA02 48V in 2.45/1.225V 20 Watt 2000Vdc Quar ter-brick Input Outputs Power Isolation DC/DC Conver ter The DQ62412QKA02 DualQor ™ Kilo series is a dual out put converter that uses the industry standard quarter brick package size. The very high efficiency is a result of SynQor’s patented topology that uses synchronous rectifica tion and an innovative construction design to minimize heat dissipation and allow extremely high power densities. The power dissipated by the converter is so low that a heatsink is not required, which saves cost, weight, height, and appli cation effort. All of the power and control components are mounted to the multi-layer PCB substrate with high-yield sur face mount technology, resulting in a more reliable product. The Kilo series offers ample power output in an economical package. Dual Output DQ62412QKA02 Module Operational Features • High efficiency, > 85% at full rated load current • Delivers up to 20 Watts of output power with no derating - no heatsink required • Wide input voltage range: 35V – 75V, with 100V 100ms input voltage transient capability • Fixed frequency switching provides predictable EMI performance • No minimum load requirement means no preload resistors required Mechanical Features • Industry standard pin-out configuration • Industry standard size: 1.45” x 2.3” (36.8x58.4mm) • Total height less than 0.422” (10.72mm), permits better airflow and smaller card pitch • Total weight: 1.5 oz. (43 g) • Flanged pins designed to permit surface mount soldering (avoid wave solder) using FPiP technique Contr ol Features • On/Off control referenced to input side (positive and negative logic options are available) • Output voltage trim: +10%/-10%, permits custom voltages and voltage margining Product # DQ62412QKA02 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Pr otection Features • Input under-voltage lockout disables converter at low input voltage conditions • Output current limit and short circuit protection protects converter and load from permanent damage and consequent hazardous conditions • Active back bias limit prevents damage to converter from external load induced pre-bias • Output over-voltage protection protects load from damaging voltages • Thermal shutdown protects converter from abnormal environmental conditions Safety Features • 2000V, 30 MΩ input-to-output isolation provides input/output ground separation • UL/cUL 60950 recognized (US & Canada), basic insulation rating • TUV certified to EN60950 • Meets 72/23/EEC and 93/68/EEC directives which facilitates CE Marking in user’s end product • Board and plastic components meet UL94V-0 flammability requirements Doc.# 005-2DQ245L Rev. A 06/08/05 Page 1 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification MECHANICAL DIAGRAM 0.38 35-75V 2.45V & 1.225V 20W Quarter-brick 2.30 (58.4) (9.7) 2.00 0.500 (50.8) (12.7) 0.225 0.14 (5.71) (3.6) 0.025 (.64) 0.700 0.725 1.45 (17.78) (18.41) (36.8) Top View 0.350 (8.89) 0.422 (10.72) Side View Bottom side Clearance See Note 8 0.047+/-0.015 (1.19+/-0.38) Lowest Component 0.180 Flanged Pin See Note 9 Load Board NOTES (4.57) See Note 2 PIN DESIGNATIONS 1) All pins are 0.040” (1.02mm) diameter with 0.080” (2.03 mm) diameter standoff shoulders. 2) Other pin extension lengths available. Recommended pin length is 0.03” (0.76mm) greater than the PCB thickness. 3) All Pins: Material - Copper Alloy Finish - Tin/Lead over Nickel plate 4) Undimensioned components are shown for visual reference only. 5) All dimensions in inches (mm) Tolerances: x.xx +/-0.02 in. (x.x +/-0.5mm) x.xxx +/-0.010 in. (x.xx +/-0.25mm) 6) Weight: 1.5 oz. (43 g) typical 7) Workmanship: Meets or exceeds IPC-A-610C Class II 8) UL/TUV standards require a clearance greater than 0.04” Pin No. Name Function 1 Vin(+) Positive input voltage 2 ON/OFF TTL input to turn converter on and off, referenced to Vin(-), with internal pull up. 3 Vin(-) Negative input voltage 4 1.225Vout(+) 1.225V positive output voltage 5 OP RTN Output Return 6 TRIM Output voltage trim 7 2.45Vout(+) 2.45V positive output voltage (1.02mm) between input and output for Basic insulation. This issue should be considered if any copper traces are on the top side of the user’s board. Note that the ferrite cores are considered part of the input/primary circuit. 9) The flanged pins are designed to permit surface mount soldering (avoiding the wave soldering process) through the use of the flanged pin-in-paste technique. Product # DQ62412QKA02 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Doc.# 005-2DQ245L Rev. A 06/08/05 Page 2 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification 35-75V 2.45V & 1.225V 20W Quarter-brick DQ62412QKA02 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS TA=25°C, airflow rate=300 LFM, Vin=48Vdc unless otherwise noted; full operating temperature range is -40°C to +100°C ambient temperature with appropriate power derating. Specifications subject to change without notice. Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Units 100 80 100 2000 100 125 18 V V V V °C °C V Notes & Conditions ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Input Voltage Non-Operating Operating Operating Transient Protection Isolation Voltage (input to output) Operating Temperature Storage Temperature Voltage at ON/OFF input pin -40 -55 -2 INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Operating Input Voltage Range Input Under-Voltage Lockout Turn-On Voltage Threshold Turn-Off Voltage Threshold Lockout Voltage Hysteresis Maximum Input Current No-Load Input Current Disabled Input Current Inrush Current Transient Rating Response to Input Transient Input Reflected Ripple Current Input Terminal Ripple Current Recommended Input Fuse Input Filter Component Values (C\L) Recommended External Input Capacitance 35 48 75 V 32 28.5 2.5 33 29.5 3.5 34 30.5 4.5 0.8 V V V A mA mA A 2s mV mA mA A µF\µH µF 40 2 150 4 30 2.2\4.7 47 OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Set Point (1.225V) Output Voltage Set Point (2.45V) Total Output Voltage Regulation (1.225V) Total Output Voltage Regulation (2.45V) Output Voltage Ripple and Noise (1.225V & 2.45V)1 Peak-to-Peak RMS Operating Output Current Range (1.225V) Operating Output Current Range (2.45V) Output DC Current-Limit Inception (1.225V) Output DC Current-Limit Inception (2.45V) Short-Circuit Protection - redundant shutdown (1.225V) Short-Circuit Protection - redundant shutdown (2.45V) Output DC Current-Limit Shutdown (1.225\2.45V) Back-Drive Current Limit while Enabled (1.225V only) Back-Drive Current Limit while Disabled (1.225V only) Maximum Output Capacitance (1.225V) - 50/50 split Maximum Output Capacitance (2.45V) - 50/50 split 1.17 2.35 0 0 17.6 8.8 DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS Input Voltage Ripple Rejection (1.225\2.45V) Output Voltage during Load Current Transient For a Step Change in 1.225V Output Current (.1A/µs) For a Step Change in 2.45V Output Current (.1A/µs) Settling Time Turn-On Transient Turn-On Time Start-Up Inhibit Time Output Voltage Overshoot 180 EFFICIENCY 100% Load (20W) 50% Load (10W) 1.225 2.45 50 10 19.2 9.6 25.6 12.8 0.8\1.6 0.5 2 5 0.01 20 1.27 2.70 100 20 16 8 20.8 10.4 2,000 2,000 1000V/ms input transient RMS thru 10µH inductor; Figures 23 & 25 RMS; Figures 23 & 24 Fast blow external fuse recommended Internal values, see Figure E Typical ESR 0.1-0.2Ω, see Figure 23 48Vin, 50% load on each voltage 48Vin, 50% load on each voltage Cross regulation, line, load, temp; Figures 7 - 10 Cross regulation, line, load, temp; Figures 7 - 10 20MHz bandwidth; Figures 23 & 26 Full Load, see Figures 23 & 26 Full Load, see Figures 23 & 26 Subject to thermal derating; Figures 11 - 18 Subject to thermal derating; Figures 11 - 18 Output Voltage 10% Low; Figures 27 - 28 Output Voltage 10% Low; Figures 27 - 28 Figures 29-30 Figures 29-30 Negative current drawn from output Negative current drawn from output 20W load; 5% overshoot at Vout at startup 20W load; 5% overshoot at Vout at startup dB 120 Hz; Figs. 33-34 50 50 400 mV mV µs 50% to 75% to 50% Iout max; Figure 21 50% to 75% to 50% Iout max; Figure 22 To within 1% Vout nom ms ms % Full load, Vout=90% nom.; Figures 19 & 20 -40°C to +125°C; Figure F 20mF load capacitance, Iout = 0A % % 48Vin, 50% load each Vout; Figures 1 - 6 48Vin, 25% load each Vout; Figures 1 - 6 °C °C °C Package rated to 150°C UL rated max operating temp 165°C See Figures 11 - 18 for derating curves 10 200 0 TEMPERATURE LIMITS FOR POWER DERATING CURVES Semiconductor Junction Temperature Board Temperature Transformer Temperature Isolation Voltage (dielectric strength) Isolation Resistance Isolation Capacitance2 mV mV A A A A A A V A A µF µF 100% Load, 35 Vin 85\85 15 240 85 82.5 ISOLATION CHARACTERISTICS V V V V Continuous Continuous 100ms transient, square wave Basic insulation, Pollution Degree 2 125 125 125 2000 30 3300 V MΩ pF Note 1: For applications requiring reduced output voltage ripple and noise, consult SynQor applications support (e-mail: [email protected]). Note 2: Higher values of isolation capacitance can be added external to the module. Product # DQ62412QKA02 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Doc.# 005-2DQ245L Rev. A 06/08/05 Page 3 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification 35-75V 2.45V & 1.225V 20W Quarter-brick ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Continued) Parameter P Min. FEATURE CHARACTERISTICS Regulation Stage Switching Frequency Isolation Stage Switching Frequency ON/OFF Control (Option P) Off-State Voltage On-State Voltage ON/OFF Control (Option N) Off-State Voltage On-State Voltage ON/OFF Control (Either Option) Pull-Up Voltage Pull-Up Resistance Output Voltage Trim Range Output Over-Voltage Protection (1.225V) Output Over-Voltage Protection (2.45V) Over-Temperature Shutdown Over-Temperature Shutdown Restart Hysteresis Load Current Scale Factor (2.45V rail) Typ. Max. 285 142.5 Units kHz kHz -2 2.4 0.8 18 V V 2.4 -2 18 0.8 V V 10 V kΩ % V V °C °C -10 Vin/6 40 115 RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS Calculated MTBF (Telcordia) Calculated MTBF (MIL-217) Field Demonstrated MTBF 1.46 2.93 120 10 270 Notes & Conditions +10 125 Figures A & B Trim-up pins 6-5, Trim-down pins 6-4; Figure C Over full temp range Over full temp range Average PCB Temperature See App Note: Output Load Current Calc. 10 Hrs. TR-NWT-000332; 80% load,300LFM, 40oC Ta 106 Hrs. MIL-HDBK-217F; 80% load, 300LFM, 40oC Ta 106 Hrs. See website for latest values 6 TBD 2.5 STANDARDS COMPLIANCE Parameter P Notes STANDARDS COMPLIANCE UL/cUL 60950 EN60950 72/23/EEC 93/68/EEC Needle Flame Test (IEC 695-2-2) IEC 61000-4-2 GR-1089-CORE Telcordia (Bellcore) GR-513 File # E194341, Basic insulation & pollution degree 2 Certified by TUV Test on entire assembly; board & plastic components UL94V-0 compliant ESD test, 8kV - NP, 15kV air - NP (Normal Performance) Section 7 - electrical safety, Section 9 - bonding/grounding • An external input fuse must always be used to meet these safety requirements. Contact SynQor for official safety certificates on new releases or download from the SynQor website. QUALIFICATION TESTING Parameter P QUALIFICATION TESTING Life Test Vibration Mechanical Shock Temperature Cycling Power/Thermal Cycling Design Marginality Humidity Solderability # Units 32 5 5 10 5 5 5 15 pins Test Conditions 95% rated Vin and load, units at derating point, 1000 hours 10-55Hz sweep, 0.060” total excursion,1 min./sweep, 120 sweeps for 3 axis 100g minimum, 2 drops in x and y axis, 1 drop in z axis -40°C to 100°C, unit temp. ramp 15°C/min., 500 cycles Toperating = min to max, Vin = min to max, full load, 100 cycles Tmin-10°C to Tmax+10°C, 5°C steps, Vin = min to max, 0-105% load 85°C, 85% RH, 1000 hours, 2 minutes on and 6 hours off MIL-STD-883, method 2003 • Extensive characterization testing of all SynQor products and manufacturing processes is performed to ensure that we supply robust, reliable product. Contact factory for official product family qualification documents. OPTIONS PATENTS SynQor provides various options for Logic Sense, Pin Length and Feature Set for this family of DC/DC converters. Please consult the last page of this specification sheet for information on available options. SynQor is protected under various patents, including but not limited to U.S. Patent numbers 5,999,417; 6,222,742 B1; 6,594,159 B2; 6,545,890 B2. Product # DQ62412QKA02 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Doc.# 005-2DQ245L Rev. A 06/08/05 Page 4 35-75V 2.45V & 1.225V 20W Quarter-brick Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification 95 5 Power Dissipation (W) Efficiency (%) 90 85 80 75 70 35V 48V 75V 65 60 4 3 2 35V 48V 75V 1 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 0 4 8 Figure 1: Efficiency vs. output power, from 0 load to full load with 50% load on 1.225V output and 50% load on 2.45V output at minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at 25°C. 95 5.0 Power Dissipation (W) 6.0 Efficiency (%) 90 85 80 75 35 V 48 V 75 V 70 12.8/1.6 9.6/3.2 6.4/4.8 20 3.2/6.4 4.0 3.0 2.0 35 V 48 V 75 V 1.0 0.0 16/0 0/8 Load Current (A), 1.225Vout/2.45Vout 12.8/1.6 9.6/3.2 6.4/4.8 3.2/6.4 0/8 Load Current (A), 1.225Vout/2.45Vout Figure 3: Efficiency vs. load current, with total output power fixed at 100% (20W) and load current split as shown between 1.225V and 2.45V outputs at minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at 25°C. Figure 4: Power dissipation vs. load current, with total output power fixed at 100% (20W) and load current split as shown between 1.225V and 2.45V outputs at minimum, nominal, and max input voltage at 25°C. 84 Power Dissipation (W) 4 83 Efficiency (%) 16 Figure 2: Power dissipation vs. output power, from 0 load to full load with 50% load on 1.225V output and 50% load on 2.45V output at minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at 25°C. 100 65 16/0 12 Total Output Power (W) Total Output Power (W) 82 81 25 C 40 C 55 C 80 3 2 1 25 C 40 C 55 C 0 100 200 300 400 Air Flow (LFM) Figure 5: Efficiency at 60% load and 50/50 power split (4.5A load on 1.225V and 2.5A load on 2.45V) versus airflow rate for ambient air temperatures of 25°C, 40°C.and 55°C.(nominal input voltage). Product # DQ62412QKA02 Phone 1-888-567-9596 100 200 300 400 Air Flow (LFM) Figure 6: Power dissipation at 60% load and 50/50 power split (4.5A load on 1.225V and 2.5A load on 2.45V) versus airflow rate for ambient air temperatures of 25°C, 40°C.and 55°C.(nominal input voltage). Doc.# 005-2DQ245L Rev. A 06/08/05 Page 5 RY A MIN I L E PR 1.275 2.65 Input voltage affects cross regulation by maximum of 1mV 1.275 2.65 Input voltage affects cross regulation by maximum of 1mV 1.263 2.55 1.250 2.55 1.238 2.5 1.238 2.5 1.225 2.45 1.225 2.45 1.213 2.4 1.213 2.4 2.35 1.200 1.200 1.225V_48Vin 2.45V_48Vin 1.175 16/0 12.8/1.6 9.6/3.2 6.4/4.8 3.2/6.4 2.35 1.225V_48Vin 2.45V_48Vin 2.3 1.188 2.25 1.175 12/0 0/8 8/2 6/3 4/4 2/5 0/6 IOUT1/IOUT2 (A) Figure 7: Load regulation vs. load current with power fixed at full load (20W) and load currents split as shown between 1.225V and 2.45V outputs, at nominal input voltage. 1.275 Figure 8: Load regulation vs. load current with power fixed at 75% load (15W) and load currents split as shown between 1.225V and 2.45V outputs, at nominal input voltage. 2.65 Input voltage affects cross regulation by maximum of 1mV 1.275 2.65 Input voltage affects cross regulation by maximum of 1mV 1.263 1.250 2.55 1.250 2.55 1.238 2.5 1.238 2.5 1.225 2.45 1.225 2.45 1.213 2.4 1.213 2.4 2.35 1.200 1.200 1.225V_48Vin 2.45V_48Vin 1.188 1.175 5 7 9 11 13 VOUT1 (V) 2.6 VOUT2 (V) VOUT1 (V) 2.3 2.25 10/1 IOUT1/IOUT2 (A) 1.263 2.6 2.3 1.188 2.25 1.175 15 2.35 1.225V_48Vin 2.45V_48Vin 2.3 2.25 0 Total Output Power (W) 2.6 VOUT2 (V) 1.188 VOUT1 (V) 2.6 1.250 VOUT2 (V) VOUT1 (V) 1.263 35-75V 2.45V & 1.225V 20W Quarter-brick VOUT2 (V) Technical Specification Input: Outputs: Current: Package: 3 7 10 13 16 20 Total Output Power (W) Figure 9: Load regulation vs. output power from 5W load to 15W with 75% load on 1.225V output and 25% load on 2.45V output at nominal input voltage. Figure 10: . Load regulation vs. output power from 3W load to full load with 25% load on 1.225V output and 75% load on 2.45V output at nominal input voltage. 18 16 14 IOUT (A) 12 10 8 6 400 LFM (2.0 m/s) 4 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) 2 200 LFM (1.0 m/s) 100 LFM (1.0 m/s) 0 0 25 40 55 70 85 Ambient Air Temperature (ºC) Figure 11: Maximum output power-derating curves vs. ambient air temperature for airflow rates of 100 to 400 LFM, air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1. Full load (16A) on 1.225V output and no load on 2.45V output. Product # DQ62412QKA02 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Semiconductor junction temperature is within 1°C of surface temperature Figure 12: Thermal plot of converter at 16 amp load on 1.225V output and no load on 2.45V output with 55°C air flowing at 200 LFM. Air flow across the converter is from pin 3 to pin 1 (nominal input voltage) Doc.# 005-2DQ245L Rev. A 06/08/05 Page 6 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification 35-75V 2.45V & 1.225V 20W Quarter-brick 9 8 7 IOUT (A) 6 5 4 3 400 LFM (2.0 m/s) 2 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) 1 200 LFM (1.0 m/s) 100 LFM (1.0 m/s) 0 0 25 40 55 70 85 Ambient Air Temperature (ºC) Figure 13: Maximum output power-derating curves vs. ambient air temperature for airflow rates of 100 to 400 LFM, air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1. Full load (8A) on 2.45V output and no load on 1.225V output. Semiconductor junction temperature is within 1°C of surface temperature Figure 14: Thermal plot of converter at 8 amp load on 2.45V output and no load on 1.225V output with 55°C air flowing at 200 LFM. Air flow across the converter is from pin 3 to pin 1 (nominal input voltage) 9 8 7 IOUT (A) 6 5 4 3 400 LFM (2.0 m/s) 2 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) 1 200 LFM (1.0 m/s) 100 LFM (1.0 m/s) 0 0 25 40 55 70 85 Ambient Air Temperature (ºC) Figure 15: Max output power-derating curves vs. air temp for 100- 400 LFM, pin 3 to pin 1. 50% load (8A) on 1.225V output and 50% load (4A) on 2.45V output. At derating points, 1.225V output decreases while 2.45V output remains unchanged. Semiconductor junction temperature is within 1°C of surface temperature Figure 16: Thermal plot of converter at 8 amp load on 1.225V output and 4 amp load on 2.45V output with 85°C air flowing at 200 LFM. Air flow across the converter is from pin 3 to pin 1 (nominal input voltage) 13 12 11 10 9 IOUT (A) 8 7 6 5 4 3 400 LFM (2.0 m/s) 2 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) 1 200 LFM (1.0 m/s) 100 LFM (1.0 m/s) 0 0 25 40 55 70 85 Ambient Air Temperature (ºC) Figure 17: Max output power derating curves vs. air temp for 100 to 400 LFM, pin 3 to pin 1. 75% load (12A) on 1.225V output and 25% load (2A) on 2.45V output. At derating points, 1.225V output decreases while 2.45V output remains unchanged. Product # DQ62412QKA02 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Semiconductor junction temperature is within 1°C of surface temperature Figure 18: Thermal plot of converter at 12 amp load on 1.225V output and 2 amp load on 2.45V output with 85°C air flowing at 200 LFM. Air flow across the converter is from pin 3 to pin 1 (nominal input voltage). Doc.# 005-2DQ245L Rev. A 06/08/05 Page 7 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification 35-75V 2.45V & 1.225V 20W Quarter-brick 2.45Vout 2.45Vout 1.225Vout 1.225Vout Figure 19: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive load) (5 ms/div). Input voltage pre-applied. Ch 1: 1.225Vout (500mV/div); Ch 2: 2.45Vout (1V/div), Ch 3: ON/OFF input (5V/div) Figure 20: Turn-on transient at zero load current (5 ms/div). Ch 1: 1.225Vout (500mV/div); Ch 2: 2.45Vout (1V/div) Ch 3: ON/OFF input (5V/div) Vout1 Vout1 Iout1 Iout1 Vout2 Vout2 Iout2 Iout2 Figure 21: Output voltage response to step-change in Iout1 (50%-75%-50% of Imax; dI/dt = 0.1A/µs). Load cap: 15µF, 300 mΩ ESR tantalum cap & 1µF ceramic cap. Vout (100mV/div), Iout (5A/div). Ch1: Vout1(1.225V); Ch2 Iout1; Ch 3: Vout2(2.45V) ; Ch 4 Iout2 Figure 22: Output voltage response to step-change in Iout2 (50%-75%-50% of Imax; dI/dt = 0.1A/µs). Load cap: 15µF, 300 mΩ ESR tantalum cap & 1µF ceramic cap.. Vout (50mV/div), Iout (5A/div). Ch1: Vout1(1.225V); Ch2 Iout2; Ch 3: Vout2(2.45V); Ch 4 Iout2 See Fig. 25 10 µH source impedance See Fig. 24 iS VSOURCE See Fig. 26 VOUT2+ iC 100 µF, <1Ω ESR electrolytic capacitor DC/DC Converter VOUT1+ 1 µF ceramic capacitors 15 µF, 300mΩ ESR tantalum capacitors COM (-) Figure 23: Test set-up diagram showing measurement points for Input Terminal Ripple Current (Figure 24), Input Reflected Ripple Current (Figure 25) and Output Voltage Ripple (Figure 26). Product # DQ62412QKA02 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Figure 24: Input Terminal Ripple Current, 1.225V & 2.45V outputs at 50% rated output current and nominal input voltage with 10µH source impedance and 100µF electrolytic capacitor (50 mA/div). (see Fig. 23) Doc.# 005-2DQ245L Rev. A 06/08/05 Page 8 35-75V 2.45V & 1.225V 20W Quarter-brick Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification 1.225V 2.45V Figure 25: Input reflected ripple current, is, through a 10 µH source inductor at nominal input voltage and rated load current (5 mA/div). 1.225V and 2.45V outputs at 50% rated load current. (see Fig. 23) Figure 26: Output voltage ripple at nominal input voltage and 50% rated load current on both outputs (50 mV/div). Load capacitance: 1µF ceramic cap & 15µF tantalum cap. Bandwidth: 20 MHz. (see Fig. 23) 3.0 1.5 Output Voltage (V) Output Voltage (V) 2.5 1.0 0.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 35 V 35 V 0.5 48 V 48 V 75 V 75 V 0.0 0.0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Load Current (A) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Load Current (A) Figure 27: Output voltage vs. load current showing typical current limit curves and converter shutdown points for the 1.225V output. 2.45V load is at 0A. Figure 28: Output voltage vs. load current showing typical current limit curves and converter shutdown points for the 2.45V output. 1.225V load is at 0A. Figure 29: Load current for 1.225V output (10A/div) as a function of time when the converter attempts to turn on into a 10 mΩ short circuit. Bottom trace is an expansion of the on-time portion of the top trace. Figure 30: Load current for 2.45V output (5A/div) as a function of time when the converter attempts to turn on into a 10 mΩ short circuit. Top trace is an expansion of the on-time portion of the bottom trace. Product # DQ62412QKA02 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Doc.# 005-2DQ245L Rev. A 06/08/05 Page 9 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification Output Impedance ( ) 0.1 Output Impedance ( ) 0.1 35-75V 2.45V & 1.225V 20W Quarter-brick 35 Vin 35 Vin 48 Vin 48 Vin 75 Vin 75 Vin 0.01 0.01 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 10 100 Hz 10,000 100,000 Figure 32: Output impedance (Zout2 = Vout2/Iout2) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power, for 2.45V output. -20 -20 -30 -30 -40 -40 Forward Transmission (dB) Forward Transmission (dB) Figure 31: Output impedance (Zout1 = Vout1/Iout1) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power, for 1.225V output. -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 48 Vin 75 Vin -110 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 35 Vin -100 35 Vin 48 Vin -100 75 Vin -110 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 10 100 Hz -5 -15 -10 -20 Reverse Transmission (dB) -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 35 Vin 100,000 -25 -30 -35 -40 -45 35 Vin -50 48 Vin -45 10,000 Figure 34: Forward Transmission (FT2 = Vout2/Vin) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power, for 2.45V output. 0 -40 1,000 Hz Figure 33: Forward Transmission (FT1 = Vout1/Vin) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power, for 1.225V output. Reverse Transmission (dB) 1,000 Hz 48 Vin -55 75 Vin -50 75 Vin -60 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 10 100 Hz Figure 35: Reverse Transmission (RT1 = Iin/Iout1) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power, for 1.225V output. Product # DQ62412QKA02 1,000 10,000 100,000 Hz Phone 1-888-567-9596 Figure 36: Reverse Transmission (RT2 = Iin/Iout2) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power, for 2.45V output. Doc.# 005-2DQ245L Rev. A 06/08/05 Page 10 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification 35-75V 2.45V & 1.225V 20W Quarter-brick 60 50 Input Impedance ( ) 40 30 20 10 0 35 Vin 48 Vin -10 75 Vin -20 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 Hz Figure 37: Input impedance (Zin = Vin/Iin) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power. Product # DQ62412QKA02 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Doc.# 005-2DQ245L Rev. A 06/08/05 Page 11 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification BASIC OPERATION AND FEATURES The DualQor series converter uses a two-stage power conversion topology in which the two output voltages are cross regulated. The first stage is a buck-converter that keeps the output voltage constant over variations in line, load, and temperature. The second stage uses a transformer to provide the functions of input/output isolation and voltage step-down to achieve the low output voltage required. The two-stage solution is ideal for converters with multiple crossregulated output voltages. The first-stage compensates for any variations in line voltage. Therefore, the dependence of the output voltage on line variations is minimized. Both the first stage and the second stage switch at a fixed frequency for predictable EMI performance. Rectification of the transformer’s output is accomplished with synchronous rectifiers. These devices, which are MOSFETs with a very low onstate resistance, dissipate far less energy than Schottky diodes. This is the primary reason that the DualQor series of converters has such high efficiency, even at very low output voltages and very high output currents. Dissipation throughout the converter is so low that it does not require a heatsink for operation. However, baseplated ver- sions are available for optional heatsinking in severe thermal environments. The DualQor series converter uses the industry standard footprint and pin-out configuration. The DualQor has many standard control and protection features. All shutdown features are non-latching, meaning that the converter shuts off for 200 ms before restarting. (See Figure F) CONTROL FEATURES REMOTE ON/OFF (Pin 2): The ON/OFF input, Pin 2, permits the user to control when the converter is on or off. This input is referenced to the return terminal of the input bus, Vin(-). There are two versions of the converter that differ by the sense of the logic used for the ON/OFF input. In the positive logic version, the ON/OFF input is active high (meaning that a high turns the converter on). In the negative logic version, the ON/OFF signal is active low (meaning that a low turns the converter on). Figure A details five possible circuits for driving the ON/OFF pin. Figure B is a detailed look of the internal ON/OFF circuitry. OUTPUT VOLTAGE TRIM (Pin 6): The TRIM input permits the user to adjust the output voltage up or down according to the trim range specifications. It is important to recognize that adjusting one output will also adjust the second output proportionally. To lower the output voltage, the user should connect a resistor between Pin 6 and Pin 4. To raise the output voltage, the user should connect a resistor between Pin 6 and Pin 5. The following table shows the resistor values needed to trim the outVo(%) R up R down ON/OFF ON/OFF ON/OFF Vin(_) Vin(_) Vin(_) Remote Enable Circuit Negative Logic (Permanently Enabled) ON/OFF 35-75V 2.45V & 1.225V 20W Quarter-brick Positive Logic (Permanently Enabled) 5V 1 54.9 68.1 2 24.9 30.1 3 14.3 17.8 4 9.13 11.5 5 6 7 8 6.34 4.32 2.8 1.69 7.68 5.36 3.48 2.1 Vin(+) 9 825 1.05 10 0.0 0.0 5V 274k ON/OFF 50k TTL TTL/ CMOS ON/OFF Vin(_) Vin(_) Open Collector Enable Circuit Vin(_) Direct Logic Drive Figure A: Various circuits for driving the ON/OFF pin. Product # DQ62412QKA02 100pF 50k Phone 1-888-567-9596 Figure B: Internal ON/OFF pin circuitry Doc.# 005-2DQ245L Rev. A 06/08/05 Page 12 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification put voltage up or down. Resistor values in Kohms for the desired increase/decrease (typical) in output voltage (%) Note: The TRIM feature does not affect the voltage at which the output over-voltage protection circuit is triggered. Trimming the output voltage too high may cause the over-voltage protection circuit to engage, particularly during transients. Total DC Variation of Vout: For the converter to meet its full specifications, the maximum variation of the DC value of Vout, due to both trimming and remote load voltage drops, should not be greater than that specified for the output voltage trim range. PROTECTION FEATURES Input Under-Voltage Lockout: The converter is designed to turn off when the input voltage is too low, helping avoid an input system instability problem, described in more detail in the application note titled “Input System Instability”. The lockout circuitry is a comparator with DC hysteresis. When the input voltage is rising, it must exceed the typical Turn-On Voltage Threshold value (listed on the specification page) before the converter will turn on. Once the converter is on, the input voltage must fall below the typical Turn-Off Voltage Threshold value before the converter will turn off. Output Current Limit: The maximum current limit remains constant as the output voltage drops. However, once the impedance of the short across the output is small enough to make the output voltage drop below the specified Output DC CurrentLimit Shutdown Voltage, the converter turns off. The converter then enters a “hiccup mode” where it repeatedly turns on and off at a 5 Hz (nominal) frequency with a 5% duty cycle until the short circuit condition is removed. This prevents excessive heating of the converter or the load board. Output Over-Voltage Limit: If the voltage across the output pins exceeds the Output Over-Voltage Protection threshold, the converter will immediately stop switching. This prevents damage to the load circuit due to 1) excessive series resistance in output current path from converter output pins to sense point, 2) a release of a short-circuit condition, or 3) a release of a current limit condition. Load capacitance determines exactly how high the output voltage will rise in response to these conditions. After 200 ms the converter will automatically restart. Over-Temperature Shutdown: A temperature sensor on the converter senses the average temperature of the module. The thermal shutdown circuit is designed to turn the converter off when the temperature at the sensed location reaches the Over-Temperature Shutdown value. It will allow the converter to turn on again when the temperature of the sensed location falls by the amount of the Over-Temperature Shutdown Restart Hysteresis value. APPLICATION CONSIDERATIONS Input System Instability: This condition can occur because any DC/DC converter appears incrementally as a negative resistance load. A detailed application note titled “Input System Instability” is available on the SynQor web site (www.synqor.com) which provides an understanding of why this instability arises, and shows the preferred solution for correcting it. Application Circuits: Figure D below provides a typical circuit diagram which details the input filtering and voltage trimming. Vin(+ ) Vin External Input Filter Electrolytic Capacitor 47µF 35-75V 2.45V & 1.225V 20W Quarter-brick 2.45Vout(+ ) Trim ON/OFF Iload Rtrim-up Cload OP RTN or Rtrim-down Vin(_) Cload 1.225 Vout(+ ) Iload Figure D: Typical application circuit (negative logic unit, permanently enabled). Product # DQ62412QKA02 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Doc.# 005-2DQ245L Rev. A 06/08/05 Page 13 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification 35-75V 2.45V & 1.225V 20W Quarter-brick L Input Filtering and External Capacitance: Figure E provides a diagram showing the internal input filter components. This filter dramatically reduces input terminal ripple current, which otherwise could exceed the rating of an external electrolytic input capacitor. The recommended external input capacitance is specified in the “Input Characteristics” section. More detailed information is available in the application note titled “EMI Characteristics” on the SynQor website. Vin(+) C Vin(_) Figure E: Internal Input Filter Diagram (values listed on page 3). Startup Inhibit Period: The Startup Inhibit Period ensures that the converter will remain off for at least 200ms when it is shut down for any reason. When an output short is present, this generates a 5Hz "hiccup mode," which prevents the converter from overheating. In all, there are seven ways that the converter can be shut down, initiating a Startup Inhibit Period: • Input Under-Voltage Lockout • Input Over-Voltage Shutdown (not present in Quarter-brick) Figure F shows three turn-on scenarios, where a Startup Inhibit Period is initiated at t0, t1, and t2: Before time t0, when the input voltage is below the UVL threshold, the unit is disabled by the Input Under-Voltage Lockout feature. When the input voltage rises above the UVL threshold, the Input Under-Voltage Lockout is released, and a Startup Inhibit Period is initiated. At the end of this delay, the ON/OFF pin is evaluated, and since it is active, the unit turns on. At time t1, the unit is disabled by the ON/OFF pin, and it cannot be enabled again until the Startup Inhibit Period has elapsed. • Output Over-Voltage Protection • Over Temperature Shutdown • Current Limit When the ON/OFF pin goes high after t2, the Startup Inhibit Period has elapsed, and the output turns on within the typical Turn-On Time. • Short Circuit Protection • Turned off by the ON/OFF input Vin Under-Voltage Lockout Turn-On Threshold ON/OFF (pos logic) ON OFF OFF ON ON 4ms (typical Vout turn on time) TBDms (typical start-up inhibit period) t0 200ms 200ms t1 t t2 Figure F: Startup Inhibit Period (turn-on time not to scale) Product # DQ62412QKA02 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Doc.# 005-2DQ245L Rev. A 06/08/05 Page 14 Input: Outputs: Current: Package: Technical Specification 35-75V 2.45V & 1.225V 20W Quarter-brick PART NUMBERING SYSTEM ORDERING INFORMATION The part numbering system for SynQor’s DualQor DC/DC converters follows the format shown in the example below. The tables below show the valid model numbers and ordering options for converters in this product family. When ordering SynQor converters, please ensure that you use the complete 15 character part number consisting of the 12 character base part number and the additional 3 characters for options. DQ 6 24 12 Q K A 02 N K S Options (see Ordering Information) Output Power Thermal Design/Profile Performance Level Package Size Output Voltage 2 Output Voltage 1 Model Number Input Voltage DQ62412QKA02xyz 35 - 75 V Output Max Output Voltages Power 2.45/1.225 V 20 W The following option choices must be included in place of the x y z spaces in the model numbers listed above. Input Voltage Options Description: x y z Product Family The first 12 characters comprise the base part number and the last 3 characters indicate available options. Although there are no default values for enable logic and pin length, the most common options are negative logic and 0.145” pins. These part numbers are more likely to be readily available in stock for evaluation and prototype quantities. Enable Logic Pin Length K - 0.110" P - Positive N - 0.145" N - Negative R - 0.180" Y - 0.250" Feature Set S - Standard Application Notes A variety of application notes and technical white papers can be downloaded in pdf format at www.synqor.com. Contact SynQor for further information: Phone: Toll Free: Fax: E-mail: Web: Address: Product # DQ62412QKA02 978-849-0600 888-567-9596 978-849-0602 [email protected] www.synqor.com 155 Swanson Road Boxborough, MA 01719 USA Phone 1-888-567-9596 Warranty SynQor offers a three (3) year limited warranty. Complete warranty information is listed on our website or is available upon request from SynQor. Information furnished by SynQor is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by SynQor for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of SynQor. Doc.# 005-2DQ245L Rev. A 06/08/05 Page 15