Micrel MIC3975-1.65BMM 750ma î¼cap low-voltage low-dropout regulator Datasheet

MIC3975
Micrel
MIC3975
750mA µCap Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator
General Description
Features
The MIC3975 is a 750mA low-dropout linear voltage regulators that provide low-voltage, high-current output from an
extremely small package. Utilizing Micrel’s proprietary Super
βeta PNP™ pass element, the MIC3975 offers extremely low
dropout (typically 300mV at 750mA) and low ground current
(typically 6.5mA at 750mA).
The MIC3975 is ideal for PC add-in cards that need to convert from standard 5V to 3.3V or 3.0V, 3.3V to 2.5V or 2.5V
to 1.8V or 1.65V. A guaranteed maximum dropout voltage
of 500mV over all operating conditions allows the MIC3975
to provide 2.5V from a supply as low as 3.0V and 1.8V or
1.65V from a supply as low as 2.25V.
• Fixed and adjustable output voltages to 1.24V
• 300mV typical dropout at 750mA
Ideal for 3.0V to 2.5V conversion
Ideal for 2.5V to 1.8V or 1.65V conversion
• Stable with ceramic capacitor
• 750mA minimum guaranteed output current
• 1% initial accuracy
• Low ground current
• Current limiting and thermal shutdown
• Reversed-battery protection
• Reversed-leakage protection
• Fast transient response
• Low-profile MSOP-8
The MIC3975 is fully protected with overcurrent limiting,
thermal shutdown, and reversed-battery protection. Fixed
voltages of 5.0V, 3.3V, 3.0, 2.5V, 1.8V, and 1.65V are available. An adjustable output voltage option is available for
voltages down to 1.24V.
For other voltages, contact Micrel.
Applications
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fiber optic modules
LDO linear regulator for PC add-in cards
PowerPC™ power supplies
High-efficiency linear power supplies
SMPS post regulator
Multimedia and PC processor supplies
Battery chargers
Low-voltage microcontrollers and digital logic
Ordering Information
Part Number
Standard
Pb-Free
Voltage
Junction Temp. Range
Package
MIC3975-1.65BMM
MIC3975-1.65YMM
1.65V
–40°C to +125°C
MSOP-8
MIC3975-1.8BMM
MIC3975-1.8YMM
1.8V
–40°C to +125°C
MSOP-8
MIC3975-2.5BMM
MIC3975-2.5YMM
2.5V
–40°C to +125°C
MSOP-8
MIC3975-3.0BMM
MIC3975-3.0YMM
3.0V
–40°C to +125°C
MSOP-8
MIC3975-3.3BMM
MIC3975-3.3YMM
3.3V
–40°C to +125°C
MSOP-8
MIC3975-5.0BMM
MIC3975-5.0YMM
5.0V
–40°C to +125°C
MSOP-8
MIC3975BMM
MIC3975YMM
Adj.
–40°C to +125°C
MSOP-8
Typical Applications
100k
VIN
3.3V
ENABLE
SHUTDOWN
MIC3975-2.5BMM
OUT
IN
EN
FLG
GND
Error
Flag
Output
R1
VIN
2.5V
2.5V
ENABLE
SHUTDOWN
10F
ceramic
MIC3975BMM
OUT
IN
EN
ADJ
GND
R1
R2
1.5V
10F
ceramic
1.5V/750mA Adjustable Regulator
2.5V/750mA Regulator with Error Flag
Super βeta PNP is a trademark of Micrel, Inc.
Micrel, Inc. • 2180 Fortune Drive • San Jose, CA 95131 • USA • tel + 1 (408) 944-0800 • fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 • http://www.micrel.com
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MIC3975
MIC3975
Micrel
Pin Configuration
EN 1
8 GND
EN 1
8 GND
IN 2
7 GND
IN 2
7 GND
FLG 3
6 GND
ADJ 3
6 GND
OUT 4
5 GND
OUT 4
5 GND
Adjustable
MIC3975-x.x
Fixed
MSOP-8 (MM)
Pin Description
Pin No.
Pin No.
Fixed
Adjustable
1
1
2
2
3
3
Pin Name
EN
IN
Pin Function
Enable (Input): CMOS-compatible control input. Logic high = enable, logic
low or open = shutdown.
Supply (Input)
FLG
Flag (Output): Open-collector error flag output. Active low = output undervoltage.
ADJ
Adjustment Input: Feedback input. Connect to resistive voltage-divider network.
4
4
OUT
Regulator Output
5–8
5–8
GND
Ground
MIC3975
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MIC3975
Micrel
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
Operating Ratings (Note 2)
Supply Voltage (VIN) .......................................–20V to +20V
Enable Voltage (VEN) .................................................. +20V
Storage Temperature (TS) ........................ –65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 5 sec.) ........................ 260°C
ESD, Note 3
Supply Voltage (VIN) ................................... +2.25V to +16V
Enable Voltage (VEN) .................................................. +16V
Maximum Power Dissipation (PD(max)) ..................... Note 4
Junction Temperature (TJ) ........................ –40°C to +125°C
Package Thermal Resistance
MSOP-8 (θJA) ...................................................... 80°C/W
Electrical Characteristics(Note 12)
VIN = VOUT + 1V; VEN = 2.25V; TJ = 25°C, bold values indicate –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +125°C; unless noted
Symbol
Parameter
Condition
VOUT
Output Voltage
10mA
10mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 750mA, VOUT + 1V ≤ VIN ≤ 8V
Line Regulation
Load Regulation
ΔVOUT/ΔT
ppm/°C
VDO
Output Voltage Temp. Coefficient,
Min
Typ
–1
–2
IOUT = 10mA, VOUT + 1V ≤ VIN ≤ 16V
Max
Units
1
2
%
%
0.06
0.5
%
VIN = VOUT + 1V, 10mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 750mA,
0.2
1
%
40
100
IOUT = 100mA, ΔVOUT = –1%
140
200
250
mV
mV
IOUT = 500mA, ΔVOUT = –1%
225
500
mV
IOUT = 100mA, VIN = VOUT + 1V
400
µA
4
mA
IOUT = 750mA, VIN = VOUT + 1V
7.5
15
mA
1.8
2.5
A
0.8
V
30
75
µA
µA
2
4
µA
µA
Note 5
Dropout Voltage, Note 6
IOUT = 750mA, ΔVOUT = –1%
IGND
Ground Current, Note 7
IOUT(lim)
Current Limit
VOUT = 0V, VIN = VOUT + 1V
VEN
Enable Input Voltage
logic low (off)
IEN
Enable Input Current
VEN = 2.25V
300
IOUT = 500mA, VIN = VOUT + 1V
Enable Input
logic high (on)
mV
2.25
1
V
15
VEN = 0.8V
Flag Output
IFLG(leak)
Output Leakage Current
VOH = 16V
0.01
1
2
µA
µA
VFLG(do)
Output Low Voltage
VIN = 2.250V, IOL, = 250µA, Note 9
210
300
400
mV
mV
VFLG
Low Threshold
% of VOUT
High Threshold
Hysteresis
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93
% of VOUT
%
99.2
1
3
%
%
MIC3975
MIC3975
Symbol
Micrel
Parameter
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Units
1.228
1.215
1.203
1.240
1.252
1.265
1.277
V
V
V
40
80
120
nA
nA
Adjustable Output Only
Reference Voltage
Note 10
Adjust Pin Bias Current
Reference Voltage
ppm/°C
Note 11
20
Temp. Coefficient
Adjust Pin Bias Current
Temp. Coefficient
0.1
Note 1.
Exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may damage the device.
Note 2.
The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating.
Note 3.
Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precautions recommended.
Note 4.
PD(max) = (TJ(max) – TA) ÷ θJA, where θJA depends upon the printed circuit layout. See “Applications Information.”
Note 5.
Note 6.
Note 7.
Note 8.
Note 9.
nA/°C
Output voltage temperature coefficient is ΔVOUT(worst case) ÷ (TJ(max) – TJ(min)) where TJ(max) is +125°C and TJ(min) is –40°C.
VDO = VIN – VOUT when VOUT decreases to 98% of its nominal output voltage with VIN = VOUT + 1V. For output voltages below 2.25V, dropout
voltage is the input-to-output voltage differential with the minimum input voltage being 2.25V. Minimum input operating voltage is 2.25V.
IGND is the quiescent current. IIN = IGND + IOUT.
VEN ≤ 0.8V, VIN ≤ 8V, and VOUT = 0V.
For a 2.5V device, VIN = 2.250V (device is in dropout).
Note 10. VREF ≤ VOUT ≤ (VIN – 1V), 2.25V ≤ VIN ≤ 16V, 10mA ≤ IL ≤ 750mA, TJ = TMAX.
Note 11. Thermal regulation is defined as the change in output voltage at a time t after a change in power dissipation is applied, excluding load or line
regulation effects. Specifications are for a 200mA load pulse at VIN = 16V for t = 10ms.
Note 12. Specification for packaged product only.
MIC3975
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Typical Characteristics
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MIC3975
MIC3975
MIC3975
Micrel
6
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MIC3975
Micrel
Functional Characteristics
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
(200mV/div.)
Load Transient Response
VIN = 3.3V
VOUT = 2.5V
COUT = 10F Ceramic
VIN = 3.3V
VOUT = 2.5V
COUT = 10F Ceramic
750mA
LOAD CURRENT
(500mA/div.)
750mA
LOAD CURRENT
(500mA/div.)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
(200mV/div.)
Load Transient Response
100mA
10mA
TIME (200s/div.)
TIME (200s/div.)
Line Transient Response
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
(50mV/div.)
INPUT VOLTAGE
(1V/div.)
5.0V
3.3V
VOUT = 2.5V
COUT = 10F Ceramic
ILOAD = 10mA
TIME (200s/div.)
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MIC3975
MIC3975
Micrel
Functional Diagrams
OUT
IN
O.V.
ILIMIT
1.180V
FLAG
Ref.
18V
1.240V
EN
Thermal
Shutdown
GND
MIC3975 Fixed Regulator with Flag and Enable Block Diagram
OUT
IN
O.V.
ILIMIT
Ref.
18V
1.240V
ADJ
EN
Thermal
Shutdown
GND
MIC3975 Adjustable Regulator Block Diagram
MIC3975
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Applications Information
Input Capacitor
An input capacitor of 1µF or greater is recommended when
the device is more than 4 inches away from the bulk ac supply
capacitance or when the supply is a battery. Small, surface
mount, ceramic chip capacitors can be used for bypassing.
Larger values will help to improve ripple rejection by bypassing the input to the regulator, further improving the integrity
of the output voltage.
Error Flag
The MIC3975 features an error flag (FLG), which monitors
the output voltage and signals an error condition when this
voltage drops 5% below its expected value. The error flag is
an open-collector output that pulls low under fault conditions
and may sink up to 10mA. Low output voltage signifies a
number of possible problems, including an overcurrent fault
(the device is in current limit) or low input voltage. The flag
output is inoperative during overtemperature conditions. A
pull-up resistor from FLG to either VIN or VOUT is required
for proper operation. For information regarding the minimum
and maximum values of pull-up resistance, refer to the graph
in the typical characteristics section of the data sheet.
Enable Input
The MIC3975 features an active-high enable input (EN) that
allows on-off control of the regulator. Current drain reduces to
“zero” when the device is shutdown, with only microamperes
of leakage current. The EN input has TTL/CMOS compatible
thresholds for simple logic interfacing. EN may be directly tied
to VIN and pulled up to the maximum supply voltage
Transient Response and 3.3V to 2.5V or 2.5V to 1.8V or
1.65V Conversion
The MIC3975 has excellent transient response to variations in
input voltage and load current. The device has been designed
to respond quickly to load current variations and input voltage
variations. Large output capacitors are not required to obtain
this performance. A standard 10µF output capacitor, is all
that is required. Larger values help to improve performance
even further.
By virtue of its low-dropout voltage, this device does not saturate into dropout as readily as similar NPN-based designs.
When converting from 3.3V to 2.5V or 2.5V to 1.8V or 1.65V,
the NPN based regulators are already operating in dropout,
with typical dropout requirements of 1.2V or greater. To convert
down to 2.5V or 1.8V without operating in dropout, NPN-based
regulators require an input voltage of 3.7V at the very least.
The MIC3975 regulator will provide excellent performance
with an input as low as 3.0V or 2.5V respectively. This gives
the PNP based regulators a distinct advantage over older,
NPN based linear regulators.
Minimum Load Current
The MIC3975 regulator is specified between finite loads. If
the output current is too small, leakage currents dominate
and the output voltage rises. A 10mA minimum load current
is necessary for proper regulation.
The MIC3975 is a high-performance low-dropout voltage regulator suitable for moderate to high-current voltage regulator
applications. Its 500mV dropout voltage at full load and overtemperature makes it especially valuable in battery-powered
systems and as high-efficiency noise filters in post-regulator
applications. Unlike older NPN-pass transistor designs, where
the minimum dropout voltage is limited by the base-to-emitter voltage drop and collector-to-emitter saturation voltage,
dropout performance of the PNP output of these devices is
limited only by the low VCE saturation voltage.
A trade-off for the low dropout voltage is a varying base drive
requirement. Micrel’s Super βeta PNP™ process reduces this
drive requirement to only 2% of the load current.
The MIC3975 regulator is fully protected from damage due to
fault conditions. Linear current limiting is provided. Output current during overload conditions is constant. Thermal shutdown
disables the device when the die temperature exceeds the
maximum safe operating temperature. Transient protection
allows device (and load) survival even when the input voltage spikes above and below nominal. The output structure
of these regulators allows voltages in excess of the desired
output voltage to be applied without reverse current flow.
VIN
CIN
MIC3975x.x
IN
OUT
GND
VOUT
COUT
Figure 1. Capacitor Requirements
Output Capacitor
The MIC3975 requires an output capacitor for stable operation. As a µCap LDO, the MIC3975 can operate with ceramic
output capacitors as long as the amount of capacitance is
10µF or greater. For values of output capacitance lower than
10µF, the recommended ESR range is 200mΩ to 2Ω. The
minimum value of output capacitance recommended for the
MIC3975 is 4.7µF.
For 10µF or greater the ESR range recommended is less than
1Ω. Ultra-low ESR ceramic capacitors are recommended
for output capacitance of 10µF or greater to help improve
transient response and noise reduction at high frequency.
X7R/X5R dielectric-type ceramic capacitors are recommended because of their temperature performance. X7R-type
capacitors change capacitance by 15% over their operating
temperature range and are the most stable type of ceramic
capacitors. Z5U and Y5V dielectric capacitors change value
by as much as 50% and 60% respectively over their operating temperature ranges. To use a ceramic chip capacitor with
Y5V dielectric, the value must be much higher than an X7R
ceramic capacitor to ensure the same minimum capacitance
over the equivalent operating temperature range.
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MIC3975
MIC3975
Micrel
Adjustable Regulator Design
VIN
ENABLE
SHUTDOWN
MIC3975
OUT
IN
EN
ADJ
GND
R1
R2
Using the power MSOP-8 reduces the θJC dramatically and
allows the user to reduce θCA. The total thermal resistance,
θJA (junction-to-ambient thermal resistance) is the limiting
factor in calculating the maximum power dissipation capability of the device. Typically, the power MSOP-8 has a θJA of
80°C/W, this is significantly lower than the standard MSOP-8
which is typically 160°C/W. θCA is reduced because pins 5
through 8 can now be soldered directly to a ground plane
which significantly reduces the case-to-sink thermal resistance
and sink to ambient thermal resistance.
Low-dropout linear regulators from Micrel are rated to a
maximum junction temperature of 125°C. It is important not to
exceed this maximum junction temperature during operation
of the device. To prevent this maximum junction temperature
from being exceeded, the appropriate ground plane heat sink
must be used.
VOUT
COUT
 R1
VOUT  1.240V 1 

 R2 
Figure 2. Adjustable Regulator with Resistors
The MIC3975 allows programming the output voltage anywhere between 1.24V and the 16V maximum operating rating
of the family. Two resistors are used. Resistors can be quite
large, up to 1MΩ, because of the very high input impedance
and low bias current of the sense comparator: The resistor
values are calculated by:
V

R1  R2  OUT  1
 1.240 
MSOP-8
Where VO is the desired output voltage. Figure 2 shows
component definition. Applications with widely varying load
currents may scale the resistors to draw the minimum load
current required for proper operation (see above).
Power MSOP-8 Thermal Characteristics
One of the secrets of the MIC3975’s performance is its power
MSO-8 package featuring half the thermal resistance of a
standard MSO-8 package. Lower thermal resistance means
more output current or higher input voltage for a given package size.
Lower thermal resistance is achieved by joining the four
ground leads with the die attach paddle to create a singlepiece electrical and thermal conductor. This concept has
been used by MOSFET manufacturers for years, proving
very reliable and cost effective for the user.
Thermal resistance consists of two main elements, θJC (junction-to-case thermal resistance) and θCA (case-to-ambient
thermal resistance). See Figure 3. θJC is the resistance from
the die to the leads of the package. θCA is the resistance
from the leads to the ambient air and it includes θCS (caseto-sink thermal resistance) and θSA (sink-to-ambient thermal
resistance).
JA
JC
AMBIENT
printed circuit board
Figure 3. Thermal Resistance
Figure 4 shows copper area versus power dissipation with
each trace corresponding to a different temperature rise
above ambient.
From these curves, the minimum area of copper necessary for
the part to operate safely can be determined. The maximum
allowable temperature rise must be calculated to determine
operation along which curve.
ΔT = TJ(max) – TA(max)
TJ(max) = 125°C
Figure 4. Copper Area vs. Power-MSOP
Power Dissipation (∆TJA)
MIC3975
ground plane
heat sink area
CA
Figure 5. Copper Area vs. Power-MSOP
Power Dissipation (TA)
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MIC3975
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TA(max) = maximum ambient operating temperature
For example, the maximum ambient temperature is 50°C,
the ΔT is determined as follows:
ΔT = 125°C – 50°C
ΔT = 75°C
Using Figure 4, the minimum amount of required copper can
be determined based on the required power dissipation. Power
dissipation in a linear regulator is calculated as follows:
PD = (VIN – VOUT) IOUT + VIN × IGND
If we use a 2.5V output device and a 3.3V input at an output
current of 750mA, then our power dissipation is as follows:
PD = (3.3V – 2.5V) × 750mA + 3.3V × 7.5mA
PD = 600mW + 25mW
PD = 625mW
From Figure 4, the minimum amount of copper required to
operate this application at a ΔT of 75°C is 160mm2.
operating curves for three different ambient temperatures:
25°C, 50°C and 85°C. From these curves, the minimum
amount of copper can be determined by knowing the maximum power dissipation required. If the maximum ambient
temperature is 50°C and the power dissipation is as above,
625mW, the curve in Figure 5 shows that the required area
of copper is 160mm2.
The θJA of this package is ideally 80°C/W, but it will vary
depending upon the availability of copper ground plane to
which it is attached.
Quick Method
Determine the power dissipation requirements for the design
along with the maximum ambient temperature at which the
device will be operated. Refer to Figure 5, which shows safe
February 2005
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MIC3975
MIC3975
Micrel
Package Information
8-Lead MSOP (MM)
MICREL, INC.
TEL
2180 FORTUNE DRIVE
SAN JOSE, CA 95131
USA
+ 1 (408) 944-0800 FAX + 1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http://www.micrel.com
The information furnished by Micrel in this datasheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Micrel for its use.
Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer.
Micrel Products are not
reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into
the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A Purchaser’s
use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is at Purchaser’s own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnify
Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale.
© 2005 Micrel, Incorporated.
MIC3975
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