C8051F54x
Mixed Signal ISP Flash MCU Family
Analog Peripherals
- 12-Bit ADC
•
•
•
•
•
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Memory
- 1280 bytes internal data RAM (256 + 1024 XRAM)
- 16 or 8 kB Flash; In-system programmable in
Up to 200 ksps
Up to 25 external single-ended inputs
VREF from on-chip VREF, external pin or VDD
Internal or external start of conversion source
Built-in temperature sensor
512-byte Sectors
Digital Peripherals
- 25 or 18 Port I/O; All 5 V tolerant
- LIN 2.1 Controller (Master and Slave capable); no
Two Comparators
•
•
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Programmable hysteresis and response time
Configurable as interrupt or reset source
Low current
On-Chip Debug
- On-chip debug circuitry facilitates full speed, non-
intrusive in-system debug (no emulator required)
Provides breakpoints, single stepping,
inspect/modify memory and registers
Superior performance to emulation systems using
ICE-chips, target pods, and sockets
Low cost, complete development kit
Supply Voltage 1.8 to 5.25 V
- Typical operating current: 19 mA at 50 MHz;
Typical stop mode current: 1 µA
ANALOG
PERIPHERALS
12-bit
200 ksps
ADC
TEMP
SENSOR
VREG
Voltage
Comparators 0-1 VREF
24 MHz PRECISION
INTERNAL OSCILLATOR
crystal required
Hardware enhanced UART, SMBus™, and
enhanced SPI™ serial ports
Four general purpose 16-bit counter/timers
16-Bit programmable counter array (PCA) with six
capture/compare modules and enhanced PWM
functionality
Clock Sources
- Internal 24 MHz with ±0.5% accuracy master LIN
-
instructions in 1 or 2 system clocks
Up to 50 MIPS throughput with 50 MHz clock
Expanded interrupt handler
A
M
U
X
-
-
High-Speed 8051 µC Core
- Pipelined instruction architecture; executes 70% of
-
-
operation
External oscillator: Crystal, RC, C, or clock
(1 or 2 pin modes)
Can switch between clock sources on-the-fly;
useful in power saving modes
Packages
- 32-Pin QFP/QFN (C8051F540/1/4/5)
- 24-Pin QFN (C8051F542/3/6/7)
Automotive Qualified
- Temperature Range: –40 to +125 °C
- Compliant to AEC-Q100
DIGITAL I/O
UART 0
SMBus
SPI
PCA
Timers 0-3
LIN
Ports 0-3
Crossbar
2x Clock Multiplier
HIGH-SPEED CONTROLLER CORE
16 kB
ISP FLASH
FLEXIBLE
INTERRUPTS
Rev. 1.1 4/11
8051 CPU
(50 MIPS)
DEBUG
CIRCUITRY
1 kB XRAM
POR
Copyright © 2011 by Silicon Laboratories
WDT
C8051F540/1/2/3/4/5/6/7
C8051F54x
2
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
Table of Contents
1. System Overview ..................................................................................................... 13
2. Ordering Information ............................................................................................... 16
3. Pin Definitions.......................................................................................................... 18
4. Package Specifications ........................................................................................... 23
4.1. QFP-32 Package Specifications........................................................................ 23
4.2. QFN-32 Package Specifications........................................................................ 25
4.3. QFN-24 Package Specifications........................................................................ 27
5. 12-Bit ADC (ADC0) ................................................................................................... 29
5.1. Modes of Operation ........................................................................................... 30
5.2. Output Code Formatting .................................................................................... 34
5.3. Selectable Gain ................................................................................................. 35
5.4. Programmable Window Detector....................................................................... 43
6. Electrical Characteristics ........................................................................................ 47
6.1. Absolute Maximum Specifications..................................................................... 47
6.2. Electrical Characteristics ................................................................................... 48
6.1. ADC0 Analog Multiplexer .................................................................................. 58
6.2. Temperature Sensor.......................................................................................... 60
7. Voltage Reference.................................................................................................... 61
8. Comparators............................................................................................................. 63
8.1. Comparator Multiplexer ..................................................................................... 69
9. Voltage Regulator (REG0) ....................................................................................... 72
10. CIP-51 Microcontroller........................................................................................... 74
10.1. Performance .................................................................................................... 74
10.2. Instruction Set.................................................................................................. 76
10.3. CIP-51 Register Descriptions .......................................................................... 80
10.4. Serial Number Special Function Registers (SFRs) ......................................... 84
11. Memory Organization ............................................................................................ 85
11.1. Program Memory............................................................................................. 85
11.2. Data Memory ................................................................................................... 86
11.3. External RAM .................................................................................................. 87
12. Special Function Registers................................................................................... 89
12.1. SFR Paging ..................................................................................................... 89
12.2. Interrupts and SFR Paging .............................................................................. 89
12.3. SFR Page Stack Example ............................................................................... 91
13. Interrupts .............................................................................................................. 105
13.1. MCU Interrupt Sources and Vectors.............................................................. 105
13.2. Interrupt Register Descriptions ...................................................................... 108
13.3. External Interrupts INT0 and INT1..................................................................115
14. Flash Memory....................................................................................................... 117
14.1. Programming the Flash Memory ................................................................... 117
14.2. Non-volatile Data Storage ............................................................................. 119
14.3. Security Options ............................................................................................ 119
14.4. Flash Write and Erase Guidelines ................................................................. 121
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C8051F54x
15. Power Management Modes................................................................................. 126
15.1. Idle Mode....................................................................................................... 126
15.2. Stop Mode ..................................................................................................... 127
15.3. Suspend Mode .............................................................................................. 127
16. Reset Sources ...................................................................................................... 129
16.1. Power-On Reset ............................................................................................ 130
16.2. Power-Fail Reset/VDD Monitor ..................................................................... 130
16.3. External Reset ............................................................................................... 132
16.4. Missing Clock Detector Reset ....................................................................... 132
16.5. Comparator0 Reset ....................................................................................... 133
16.6. PCA Watchdog Timer Reset ......................................................................... 133
16.7. Flash Error Reset .......................................................................................... 133
16.8. Software Reset .............................................................................................. 133
17. Oscillators and Clock Selection ......................................................................... 135
17.1. System Clock Selection................................................................................. 135
17.2. Programmable Internal Oscillator .................................................................. 137
17.3. Clock Multiplier .............................................................................................. 140
17.4. External Oscillator Drive Circuit..................................................................... 142
18. Port Input/Output ................................................................................................. 147
18.1. Port I/O Modes of Operation.......................................................................... 148
18.2. Assigning Port I/O Pins to Analog and Digital Functions............................... 149
18.3. Priority Crossbar Decoder ............................................................................. 150
18.4. Port I/O Initialization ...................................................................................... 152
18.5. Port Match ..................................................................................................... 157
18.6. Special Function Registers for Accessing and Configuring Port I/O ............. 161
19. Local Interconnect Network (LIN)....................................................................... 170
19.1. Software Interface with the LIN Controller..................................................... 171
19.2. LIN Interface Setup and Operation................................................................ 171
19.3. LIN Master Mode Operation .......................................................................... 174
19.4. LIN Slave Mode Operation ............................................................................ 175
19.5. Sleep Mode and Wake-Up ............................................................................ 176
19.6. Error Detection and Handling ........................................................................ 176
19.7. LIN Registers................................................................................................. 177
20. SMBus................................................................................................................... 187
20.1. Supporting Documents .................................................................................. 188
20.2. SMBus Configuration..................................................................................... 188
20.3. SMBus Operation .......................................................................................... 188
20.4. Using the SMBus........................................................................................... 190
20.5. SMBus Transfer Modes................................................................................. 197
20.6. SMBus Status Decoding................................................................................ 201
21. UART0 ................................................................................................................... 205
21.1. Baud Rate Generator .................................................................................... 205
21.2. Data Format................................................................................................... 207
21.3. Configuration and Operation ......................................................................... 208
22. Enhanced Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI0) ..................................................... 214
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C8051F54x
22.1. Signal Descriptions........................................................................................ 215
22.2. SPI0 Master Mode Operation ........................................................................ 216
22.3. SPI0 Slave Mode Operation .......................................................................... 218
22.4. SPI0 Interrupt Sources .................................................................................. 218
22.5. Serial Clock Phase and Polarity .................................................................... 219
22.6. SPI Special Function Registers ..................................................................... 220
23. Timers ................................................................................................................... 227
23.1. Timer 0 and Timer 1 ...................................................................................... 229
23.2. Timer 2 .......................................................................................................... 237
23.3. Timer 3 .......................................................................................................... 243
24. Programmable Counter Array............................................................................. 249
24.1. PCA Counter/Timer ....................................................................................... 250
24.2. PCA0 Interrupt Sources................................................................................. 251
24.3. Capture/Compare Modules ........................................................................... 252
24.4. Watchdog Timer Mode .................................................................................. 260
24.5. Register Descriptions for PCA0..................................................................... 263
25. C2 Interface .......................................................................................................... 269
25.1. C2 Interface Registers................................................................................... 269
25.2. C2 Pin Sharing .............................................................................................. 272
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5
C8051F54x
List of Figures
Figure 1.1. C8051F540/1/4/5 Block Diagram .......................................................... 14
Figure 1.2. C8051F542/3/6/7 Block Diagram .......................................................... 15
Figure 3.1. QFP-32 Pinout Diagram (Top View) ...................................................... 20
Figure 3.2. QFN-32 Pinout Diagram (Top View) ..................................................... 21
Figure 3.3. QFN-24 Pinout Diagram (Top View) ..................................................... 22
Figure 4.1. QFP-32 Package Drawing ..................................................................... 23
Figure 4.2. QFP-32 Landing Diagram ..................................................................... 24
Figure 4.3. QFN-32 Package Drawing .................................................................... 25
Figure 4.4. QFN-32 Landing Diagram ..................................................................... 26
Figure 4.5. QFN-24 Package Drawing .................................................................... 27
Figure 4.6. QFN-24 Landing Diagram ..................................................................... 28
Figure 5.1. ADC0 Functional Block Diagram ........................................................... 29
Figure 5.2. ADC0 Tracking Modes .......................................................................... 31
Figure 5.3. 12-Bit ADC Tracking Mode Example ..................................................... 32
Figure 5.4. 12-Bit ADC Burst Mode Example With Repeat Count Set to 4 ............. 33
Figure 5.5. ADC0 Equivalent Input Circuit ............................................................... 35
Figure 5.6. ADC Window Compare Example: Right-Justified Data ......................... 46
Figure 5.7. ADC Window Compare Example: Left-Justified Data ........................... 46
Figure 6.1. Minimum VDD Monitor Threshold vs. System Clock Frequency ........... 50
Figure 6.2. ADC0 Multiplexer Block Diagram .......................................................... 58
Figure 6.3. Temperature Sensor Transfer Function ................................................ 60
Figure 7.1. Voltage Reference Functional Block Diagram ....................................... 61
Figure 8.1. Comparator Functional Block Diagram ................................................. 63
Figure 8.2. Comparator Hysteresis Plot .................................................................. 64
Figure 8.3. Comparator Input Multiplexer Block Diagram ........................................ 69
Figure 9.1. External Capacitors for Voltage Regulator Input/Output—
Regulator Enabled ............................................................................................. 72
Figure 9.2. External Capacitors for Voltage Regulator Input/Output—Regulator Disabled ............................................................................................................... 73
Figure 10.1. CIP-51 Block Diagram ......................................................................... 75
Figure 11.1. C8051F54x Memory Map .................................................................... 85
Figure 11.2. Flash Program Memory Map ............................................................... 86
Figure 12.1. SFR Page Stack .................................................................................. 90
Figure 12.2. SFR Page Stack While Using SFR Page 0x0 To Access SMB0ADR . 91
Figure 12.3. SFR Page Stack After SPI0 Interrupt Occurs ...................................... 92
Figure 12.4. SFR Page Stack Upon PCA Interrupt Occurring During a SPI0 ISR .. 93
Figure 12.5. SFR Page Stack Upon Return From PCA Interrupt ............................ 94
Figure 12.6. SFR Page Stack Upon Return From SPI0 Interrupt ............................ 95
Figure 14.1. Flash Program Memory Map ............................................................. 119
Figure 16.1. Reset Sources ................................................................................... 129
Figure 16.2. Power-On and VDD Monitor Reset Timing ....................................... 130
Figure 17.1. Oscillator Options .............................................................................. 135
Figure 17.2. Example Clock Multiplier Output ....................................................... 140
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C8051F54x
Figure 17.3. External 32.768 kHz Quartz Crystal Oscillator Connection Diagram 145
Figure 18.1. Port I/O Functional Block Diagram .................................................... 147
Figure 18.2. Port I/O Cell Block Diagram .............................................................. 148
Figure 18.3. Peripheral Availability on Port I/O Pins .............................................. 151
Figure 18.4. Crossbar Priority Decoder in Example Configuration ........................ 152
Figure 19.1. LIN Block Diagram ............................................................................ 170
Figure 20.1. SMBus Block Diagram ...................................................................... 187
Figure 20.2. Typical SMBus Configuration ............................................................ 188
Figure 20.3. SMBus Transaction ........................................................................... 189
Figure 20.4. Typical SMBus SCL Generation ........................................................ 191
Figure 20.5. Typical Master Write Sequence ........................................................ 198
Figure 20.6. Typical Master Read Sequence ........................................................ 199
Figure 20.7. Typical Slave Write Sequence .......................................................... 200
Figure 20.8. Typical Slave Read Sequence .......................................................... 201
Figure 21.1. UART0 Block Diagram ...................................................................... 205
Figure 21.2. UART0 Timing Without Parity or Extra Bit ......................................... 207
Figure 21.3. UART0 Timing With Parity ................................................................ 207
Figure 21.4. UART0 Timing With Extra Bit ............................................................ 207
Figure 21.5. Typical UART Interconnect Diagram ................................................. 208
Figure 21.6. UART Multi-Processor Mode Interconnect Diagram ......................... 209
Figure 22.1. SPI Block Diagram ............................................................................ 214
Figure 22.2. Multiple-Master Mode Connection Diagram ...................................... 217
Figure 22.3. 3-Wire Single Master and 3-Wire Single Slave Mode Connection Diagram
217
Figure 22.4. 4-Wire Single Master Mode and 4-Wire Slave Mode Connection Diagram
217
Figure 22.5. Master Mode Data/Clock Timing ....................................................... 219
Figure 22.6. Slave Mode Data/Clock Timing (CKPHA = 0) ................................... 220
Figure 22.7. Slave Mode Data/Clock Timing (CKPHA = 1) ................................... 220
Figure 22.8. SPI Master Timing (CKPHA = 0) ....................................................... 224
Figure 22.9. SPI Master Timing (CKPHA = 1) ....................................................... 224
Figure 22.10. SPI Slave Timing (CKPHA = 0) ....................................................... 225
Figure 22.11. SPI Slave Timing (CKPHA = 1) ....................................................... 225
Figure 23.1. T0 Mode 0 Block Diagram ................................................................. 230
Figure 23.2. T0 Mode 2 Block Diagram ................................................................. 231
Figure 23.3. T0 Mode 3 Block Diagram ................................................................. 232
Figure 23.4. Timer 2 16-Bit Mode Block Diagram ................................................. 237
Figure 23.5. Timer 2 8-Bit Mode Block Diagram ................................................... 238
Figure 23.6. Timer 2 External Oscillator Capture Mode Block Diagram ................ 239
Figure 23.7. Timer 3 16-Bit Mode Block Diagram ................................................. 243
Figure 23.8. Timer 3 8-Bit Mode Block Diagram ................................................... 244
Figure 23.9. Timer 3 External Oscillator Capture Mode Block Diagram ................ 245
Figure 24.1. PCA Block Diagram ........................................................................... 249
Figure 24.2. PCA Counter/Timer Block Diagram ................................................... 251
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C8051F54x
Figure 24.3. PCA Interrupt Block Diagram ............................................................ 252
Figure 24.4. PCA Capture Mode Diagram ............................................................. 254
Figure 24.5. PCA Software Timer Mode Diagram ................................................. 255
Figure 24.6. PCA High-Speed Output Mode Diagram ........................................... 256
Figure 24.7. PCA Frequency Output Mode ........................................................... 257
Figure 24.8. PCA 8-Bit PWM Mode Diagram ........................................................ 258
Figure 24.9. PCA 9, 10 and 11-Bit PWM Mode Diagram ...................................... 259
Figure 24.10. PCA 16-Bit PWM Mode ................................................................... 260
Figure 24.11. PCA Module 2 with Watchdog Timer Enabled ................................ 261
Figure 25.1. Typical C2 Pin Sharing ...................................................................... 272
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C8051F54x
List of Tables
Table 2.1. Product Selection Guide ......................................................................... 17
Table 3.1. Pin Definitions for the C8051F54x .......................................................... 18
Table 4.1. QFP-32 Package Dimensions ................................................................ 23
Table 4.2. QFP-32 Landing Diagram Dimensions ................................................... 24
Table 4.3. QFN-32 Package Dimensions ................................................................ 25
Table 4.4. QFN-32 Landing Diagram Dimensions ................................................... 26
Table 4.5. QFN-24 Package Dimensions ................................................................ 27
Table 4.6. QFN-24 Landing Diagram Dimensions ................................................... 28
Table 6.1. Absolute Maximum Ratings .................................................................... 47
Table 6.2. Global Electrical Characteristics ............................................................. 48
Table 6.3. Port I/O DC Electrical Characteristics ..................................................... 51
Table 6.4. Reset Electrical Characteristics .............................................................. 52
Table 6.5. Flash Electrical Characteristics .............................................................. 52
Table 6.6. Internal High-Frequency Oscillator Electrical Characteristics ................. 53
Table 6.7. Clock Multiplier Electrical Specifications ................................................ 54
Table 6.8. Voltage Regulator Electrical Characteristics .......................................... 54
Table 6.9. ADC0 Electrical Characteristics .............................................................. 55
Table 6.10. Temperature Sensor Electrical Characteristics .................................... 56
Table 6.11. Voltage Reference Electrical Characteristics ....................................... 56
Table 6.12. Comparator 0 and Comparator 1 Electrical Characteristics ................. 57
Table 10.1. CIP-51 Instruction Set Summary .......................................................... 77
Table 12.1. Special Function Register (SFR) Memory Map for
Pages 0x0 and 0xF ............................................................................. 100
Table 12.2. Special Function Registers ................................................................. 101
Table 13.1. Interrupt Summary .............................................................................. 107
Table 14.1. Flash Security Summary .................................................................... 120
Table 18.1. Port I/O Assignment for Analog Functions ......................................... 149
Table 18.2. Port I/O Assignment for Digital Functions ........................................... 149
Table 18.3. Port I/O Assignment for External Digital Event Capture Functions .... 150
Table 19.1. Baud Rate Calculation Variable Ranges ............................................ 171
Table 19.2. Manual Baud Rate Parameters Examples ......................................... 173
Table 19.3. Autobaud Parameters Examples ........................................................ 174
Table 19.4. LIN Registers* (Indirectly Addressable) .............................................. 179
Table 20.1. SMBus Clock Source Selection .......................................................... 191
Table 20.2. Minimum SDA Setup and Hold Times ................................................ 192
Table 20.3. Sources for Hardware Changes to SMB0CN ..................................... 196
Table 20.4. SMBus Status Decoding ..................................................................... 202
Table 21.1. Baud Rate Generator Settings for Standard Baud Rates ................... 206
Table 22.1. SPI Slave Timing Parameters ............................................................ 226
Table 24.1. PCA Timebase Input Options ............................................................. 250
Table 24.2. PCA0CPM and PCA0PWM Bit Settings for
PCA Capture/Compare Modules ........................................................ 253
Table 24.3. Watchdog Timer Timeout Intervals1 ................................................... 262
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C8051F54x
List of Registers
SFR Definition 5.4. ADC0CF: ADC0 Configuration ...................................................... 40
SFR Definition 5.5. ADC0H: ADC0 Data Word MSB .................................................... 41
SFR Definition 5.6. ADC0L: ADC0 Data Word LSB ...................................................... 41
SFR Definition 5.7. ADC0CN: ADC0 Control ................................................................ 42
SFR Definition 5.8. ADC0TK: ADC0 Tracking Mode Select ......................................... 43
SFR Definition 5.9. ADC0GTH: ADC0 Greater-Than Data High Byte .......................... 44
SFR Definition 5.10. ADC0GTL: ADC0 Greater-Than Data Low Byte .......................... 44
SFR Definition 5.11. ADC0LTH: ADC0 Less-Than Data High Byte .............................. 45
SFR Definition 5.12. ADC0LTL: ADC0 Less-Than Data Low Byte ............................... 45
SFR Definition 6.3. ADC0MX: ADC0 Channel Select ................................................... 59
SFR Definition 7.1. REF0CN: Reference Control ......................................................... 62
SFR Definition 8.1. CPT0CN: Comparator0 Control ..................................................... 65
SFR Definition 8.2. CPT0MD: Comparator0 Mode Selection ....................................... 66
SFR Definition 8.3. CPT1CN: Comparator1 Control ..................................................... 67
SFR Definition 8.4. CPT1MD: Comparator1 Mode Selection ....................................... 68
SFR Definition 8.5. CPT0MX: Comparator0 MUX Selection ........................................ 70
SFR Definition 8.6. CPT1MX: Comparator1 MUX Selection ........................................ 71
SFR Definition 9.1. REG0CN: Regulator Control .......................................................... 73
SFR Definition 10.1. DPL: Data Pointer Low Byte ........................................................ 81
SFR Definition 10.2. DPH: Data Pointer High Byte ....................................................... 81
SFR Definition 10.3. SP: Stack Pointer ......................................................................... 82
SFR Definition 10.4. ACC: Accumulator ....................................................................... 82
SFR Definition 10.5. B: B Register ................................................................................ 82
SFR Definition 10.6. PSW: Program Status Word ........................................................ 83
SFR Definition 10.7. SNn: Serial Number n .................................................................. 84
SFR Definition 11.1. EMI0CN: External Memory Interface Control .............................. 88
SFR Definition 12.1. SFR0CN: SFR Page Control ....................................................... 96
SFR Definition 12.2. SFRPAGE: SFR Page ................................................................. 97
SFR Definition 12.3. SFRNEXT: SFR Next .................................................................. 98
SFR Definition 12.4. SFRLAST: SFR Last .................................................................... 99
SFR Definition 13.1. IE: Interrupt Enable .................................................................... 109
SFR Definition 13.2. IP: Interrupt Priority .................................................................... 110
SFR Definition 13.3. EIE1: Extended Interrupt Enable 1 ............................................ 111
SFR Definition 13.4. EIP1: Extended Interrupt Priority 1 ............................................ 112
SFR Definition 13.5. EIE2: Extended Interrupt Enable 2 ............................................ 113
SFR Definition 13.6. EIP2: Extended Interrupt Priority Enabled 2 .............................. 114
SFR Definition 13.7. IT01CF: INT0/INT1 Configuration .............................................. 116
SFR Definition 14.1. PSCTL: Program Store R/W Control ......................................... 122
SFR Definition 14.2. FLKEY: Flash Lock and Key ...................................................... 123
SFR Definition 14.3. FLSCL: Flash Scale ................................................................... 124
SFR Definition 14.4. CCH0CN: Cache Control ........................................................... 125
SFR Definition 14.5. ONESHOT: Flash Oneshot Period ............................................ 125
SFR Definition 15.1. PCON: Power Control ................................................................ 128
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C8051F54x
SFR Definition 16.1. VDM0CN: VDD Monitor Control ................................................ 132
SFR Definition 16.2. RSTSRC: Reset Source ............................................................ 134
SFR Definition 17.1. CLKSEL: Clock Select ............................................................... 136
SFR Definition 17.2. OSCICN: Internal Oscillator Control .......................................... 138
SFR Definition 17.3. OSCICRS: Internal Oscillator Coarse Calibration ...................... 139
SFR Definition 17.4. OSCIFIN: Internal Oscillator Fine Calibration ............................ 139
SFR Definition 17.5. CLKMUL: Clock Multiplier .......................................................... 141
SFR Definition 17.6. OSCXCN: External Oscillator Control ........................................ 143
SFR Definition 18.1. XBR0: Port I/O Crossbar Register 0 .......................................... 154
SFR Definition 18.2. XBR1: Port I/O Crossbar Register 1 .......................................... 155
SFR Definition 18.3. XBR2: Port I/O Crossbar Register 1 .......................................... 156
SFR Definition 18.4. P0MASK: Port 0 Mask Register ................................................. 157
SFR Definition 18.5. P0MAT: Port 0 Match Register .................................................. 157
SFR Definition 18.6. P1MASK: Port 1 Mask Register ................................................. 158
SFR Definition 18.7. P1MAT: Port 1 Match Register .................................................. 158
SFR Definition 18.8. P2MASK: Port 2 Mask Register ................................................. 159
SFR Definition 18.9. P2MAT: Port 2 Match Register .................................................. 159
SFR Definition 18.10. P3MASK: Port 3 Mask Register ............................................... 160
SFR Definition 18.11. P3MAT: Port 3 Match Register ................................................ 160
SFR Definition 18.12. P0: Port 0 ................................................................................. 161
SFR Definition 18.13. P0MDIN: Port 0 Input Mode ..................................................... 162
SFR Definition 18.14. P0MDOUT: Port 0 Output Mode .............................................. 162
SFR Definition 18.15. P0SKIP: Port 0 Skip ................................................................. 163
SFR Definition 18.16. P1: Port 1 ................................................................................. 163
SFR Definition 18.17. P1MDIN: Port 1 Input Mode ..................................................... 164
SFR Definition 18.18. P1MDOUT: Port 1 Output Mode .............................................. 164
SFR Definition 18.19. P1SKIP: Port 1 Skip ................................................................. 165
SFR Definition 18.20. P2: Port 2 ................................................................................. 165
SFR Definition 18.21. P2MDIN: Port 2 Input Mode ..................................................... 166
SFR Definition 18.22. P2MDOUT: Port 2 Output Mode .............................................. 166
SFR Definition 18.23. P2SKIP: Port 2 Skip ................................................................. 167
SFR Definition 18.24. P3: Port 3 ................................................................................. 167
SFR Definition 18.25. P3MDIN: Port 3 Input Mode ..................................................... 168
SFR Definition 18.26. P3MDOUT: Port 3 Output Mode .............................................. 168
SFR Definition 18.27. P3SKIP: Port 3Skip .................................................................. 169
SFR Definition 19.1. LIN0ADR: LIN0 Indirect Address Register ................................. 177
SFR Definition 19.2. LIN0DAT: LIN0 Indirect Data Register ....................................... 177
SFR Definition 19.3. LIN0CF: LIN0 Control Mode Register ........................................ 178
SFR Definition 20.1. SMB0CF: SMBus Clock/Configuration ...................................... 193
SFR Definition 20.2. SMB0CN: SMBus Control .......................................................... 195
SFR Definition 20.3. SMB0DAT: SMBus Data ............................................................ 197
SFR Definition 21.1. SCON0: Serial Port 0 Control .................................................... 210
SFR Definition 21.2. SMOD0: Serial Port 0 Control .................................................... 211
SFR Definition 21.3. SBUF0: Serial (UART0) Port Data Buffer .................................. 212
SFR Definition 21.4. SBCON0: UART0 Baud Rate Generator Control ...................... 212
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C8051F54x
SFR Definition 21.6. SBRLL0: UART0 Baud Rate Generator Reload Low Byte ........ 213
SFR Definition 21.5. SBRLH0: UART0 Baud Rate Generator Reload High Byte ....... 213
SFR Definition 22.1. SPI0CFG: SPI0 Configuration ................................................... 221
SFR Definition 22.2. SPI0CN: SPI0 Control ............................................................... 222
SFR Definition 22.3. SPI0CKR: SPI0 Clock Rate ....................................................... 223
SFR Definition 22.4. SPI0DAT: SPI0 Data ................................................................. 223
SFR Definition 23.1. CKCON: Clock Control .............................................................. 228
SFR Definition 23.2. TCON: Timer Control ................................................................. 233
SFR Definition 23.3. TMOD: Timer Mode ................................................................... 234
SFR Definition 23.4. TL0: Timer 0 Low Byte ............................................................... 235
SFR Definition 23.5. TL1: Timer 1 Low Byte ............................................................... 235
SFR Definition 23.6. TH0: Timer 0 High Byte ............................................................. 236
SFR Definition 23.7. TH1: Timer 1 High Byte ............................................................. 236
SFR Definition 23.8. TMR2CN: Timer 2 Control ......................................................... 240
SFR Definition 23.9. TMR2RLL: Timer 2 Reload Register Low Byte .......................... 241
SFR Definition 23.10. TMR2RLH: Timer 2 Reload Register High Byte ...................... 241
SFR Definition 23.11. TMR2L: Timer 2 Low Byte ....................................................... 242
SFR Definition 23.12. TMR2H Timer 2 High Byte ....................................................... 242
SFR Definition 23.13. TMR3CN: Timer 3 Control ....................................................... 246
SFR Definition 23.14. TMR3RLL: Timer 3 Reload Register Low Byte ........................ 247
SFR Definition 23.15. TMR3RLH: Timer 3 Reload Register High Byte ...................... 247
SFR Definition 23.16. TMR3L: Timer 3 Low Byte ....................................................... 248
SFR Definition 23.17. TMR3H Timer 3 High Byte ....................................................... 248
SFR Definition 24.1. PCA0CN: PCA Control .............................................................. 263
SFR Definition 24.2. PCA0MD: PCA Mode ................................................................ 264
SFR Definition 24.3. PCA0PWM: PCA PWM Configuration ....................................... 265
SFR Definition 24.4. PCA0CPMn: PCA Capture/Compare Mode .............................. 266
SFR Definition 24.5. PCA0L: PCA Counter/Timer Low Byte ...................................... 267
SFR Definition 24.6. PCA0H: PCA Counter/Timer High Byte ..................................... 267
SFR Definition 24.7. PCA0CPLn: PCA Capture Module Low Byte ............................. 268
SFR Definition 24.8. PCA0CPHn: PCA Capture Module High Byte ........................... 268
Rev. 1.1
12
C8051F54x
1. System Overview
C8051F54x devices are fully integrated mixed-signal System-on-a-Chip MCUs. Highlighted features are
listed below. Refer to Table 2.1 for specific product feature selection and part ordering numbers.
High-speed pipelined 8051-compatible microcontroller core (up to 50 MIPS)
In-system, full-speed, non-intrusive debug interface (on-chip)
LIN 2.1 peripheral (fully backwards compatible, master and slave modes) (C8051F540/2/4/6)
True 12-bit 200 ksps 32-channel single-ended ADC with analog multiplexer
Precision programmable 24 MHz internal oscillator that is within ±0.5% across the temperature range
and for VDD voltages greater than or equal to the on-chip voltage regulator minimum output at the low
setting. The oscillator is within +1.0% for VDD voltages below this minimum output setting.
On-chip Clock Multiplier to reach up to 50 MHz
16 kB (C8051F540/1/2/3) or 8 kB (C8051F544/5/6/7) of on-chip Flash memory
1280 bytes of on-chip RAM
SMBus/I2C, Enhanced UART, and Enhanced SPI serial interfaces implemented in hardware
Four general-purpose 16-bit timers
Programmable Counter/Timer Array (PCA) with six capture/compare modules and Watchdog Timer
function
On-chip Voltage Regulator
On-chip Power-On Reset, VDD Monitor, and Temperature Sensor
On-chip Voltage Comparator
25 or 18 Port I/O (5 V push-pull)
With on-chip Voltage Regulator, Power-On Reset, VDD monitor, Watchdog Timer, and clock oscillator, the
C8051F54x devices are truly stand-alone System-on-a-Chip solutions. The Flash memory can be reprogrammed even in-circuit, providing non-volatile data storage, and also allowing field upgrades of the 8051
firmware. User software has complete control of all peripherals, and may individually shut down any or all
peripherals for power savings.
The on-chip Silicon Labs 2-Wire (C2) Development Interface allows non-intrusive (uses no on-chip
resources), full speed, in-circuit debugging using the production MCU installed in the final application. This
debug logic supports inspection and modification of memory and registers, setting breakpoints, single
stepping, run and halt commands. All analog and digital peripherals are fully functional while debugging
using C2. The two C2 interface pins can be shared with user functions, allowing in-system debugging without occupying package pins.
The devices are specified for 1.8 V to 5.25 V operation over the automotive temperature range (–40 to
+125 °C). The C8051F540/1/4/5 devices are available in 32-pin QFP and QFN packages and the
C8051F542/3/6/7 devices are available in 32-pin QFN packages. All package options are lead-free and
RoHS compliant. See Table 2.1 for ordering information. Block diagrams are included in Figure 1.1 and
Figure 1.2.
Rev. 1.1
13
C8051F54x
VIO
Power On
Reset
Reset
C2CK/RST
Debug /
Programming
Hardware
Port I/O Configuration
CIP-51 8051 Controller
Core (50 MHz)
Port 1
Drivers
P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
Port 2
Drivers
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
P2.4
P2.5
P2.6
P2.7
Digital Peripherals
16 kB Flash Program
Memory
UART0
256 Byte RAM
Timers 0,
1, 2, 3
C2D
1 kB XRAM
Priority
Crossbar
Decoder
6 channel
PCA/WDT
VREGIN
Port 0
Drivers
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P0.7
Voltage Regulator
(LDO)
LIN 2.1
SPI
VDD
I2C
GND
System Clock Setup
SFR
Bus
Crossbar Control
XTAL1 XTAL2
Internal Oscillator
(±0.5%)
External Oscillator
Analog Peripherals
Voltage
Reference
Clock Multiplier
VDD
VREF
VREF
VDD
12-bit
200ksps
ADC
VDDA
GNDA
A
M
U
X
VREF
P0 – P3
Temp
Sensor
GND
CP0, CP0A
Comparator 0
+
-
CP1, CP1A
Comparator 1
+
-
Figure 1.1. C8051F540/1/4/5 Block Diagram
14
Rev. 1.1
Port 3
Driver
P3.0/C2D
C8051F54x
VIO
Power On
Reset
Reset
C2CK/RST
Debug /
Programming
Hardware
Port I/O Configuration
CIP-51 8051 Controller
Core (50 MHz)
Port 1
Drivers
P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
Port 2
Drivers
P2.0
P2.1/C2D
Digital Peripherals
16 kB Flash Program
Memory
UART0
256 Byte RAM
Timers 0,
1, 2, 3
C2D
1 kB XRAM
Priority
Crossbar
Decoder
6 channel
PCA/WDT
VREGIN
Port 0
Drivers
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P0.7
Voltage Regulator
(LDO)
LIN 2.1
SPI
VDD
I2C
GND
System Clock Setup
SFR
Bus
Crossbar Control
XTAL1 XTAL2
Internal Oscillator
(±0.5%)
External Oscillator
Analog Peripherals
Voltage
Reference
Clock Multiplier
VDD
VREF
VREF
12-bit
200ksps
ADC
A
M
U
X
CP0, CP0A
Comparator 0
GNDA
CP1, CP1A
Comparator 1
VDD
VREF
P0 – P2
Temp
Sensor
GND
+
-
+
-
Figure 1.2. C8051F542/3/6/7 Block Diagram
Rev. 1.1
15
C8051F54x
2. Ordering Information
The following features are common to all devices in this family:
50 MHz system clock and 50 MIPS throughput (peak)
1280 bytes of RAM (256 internal bytes and 1024 XRAM bytes)
Internal 24 MHz oscillator
SMBus / I2C, Enhanced SPI, Enhanced UART
Four Timers
Six Programmable Counter Array channels
Internal Voltage Regulator
12-bit, 200 ksps ADC, Internal Voltage Reference and Temperature Sensor
Two Analog Comparators
Table 2.1 shows the features that differentiate the devices in this family.
Rev. 1.1
16
C8051F54x
Digital Port I/Os
C8051F540-IQ
16
25 QFP32
C8051F540-IM
16
25 QFN32
C8051F541-IQ
16
—
25 QFP32
C8051F541-IM
16
—
25 QFN32
C8051F542-IM
16
18 QFN24
C8051F543-IM
16
—
18 QFN24
C8051F544-IQ
8
25 QFP32
C8051F544-IM
8
25 QFN32
C8051F545-IQ
8
—
25 QFP32
C8051F545-IM
8
—
25 QFN32
C8051F546-IM
8
18 QFN24
C8051F547-IM
8
—
18 QFN24
Package
LIN2.1
Flash Memory (kB)
Ordering Part Number
Table 2.1. Product Selection Guide
Note: The suffix of the part number indicates the device rating and the package. All devices are RoHS compliant.
All of these devices are also available in an automotive version. For the automotive version, the -I in the
ordering part number is replaced with -A. For example, the automotive version of the C8051F540-IM is the
C8051F540-AM.
The -AM and -AQ devices receive full automotive quality production status, including AEC-Q100 qualification, registration with International Material Data System (IMDS) and Part Production Approval Process
(PPAP) documentation. PPAP documentation is available at www.silabs.com with a registered and NDA
approved user account. The -AM and -AQ devices enable high volume automotive OEM applications with
their enhanced testing and processing. Please contact Silicon Labs sales for more information regarding
–AM and -AQ devices for your automotive project.
17
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
3. Pin Definitions
Table 3.1. Pin Definitions for the C8051F54x
Name
Pin
Pin
‘F540/1/4/5 ‘F542/3/6/7
Type
Description
(32-pin)
(24-pin)
VDD
4
3
Digital Supply Voltage. Must be connected.
GND
6
4
Digital Ground. Must be connected.
VDDA
5
—
Analog Supply Voltage. Must be connected. Connected
internally to VDD on the 24-pin packages.
GNDA
7
5
Analog Ground. Must be connected.
VREGIN
3
2
Voltage Regulator Input
VIO
2
1
Port I/O Supply Voltage. Must be connected.
RST/
10
8
C2CK
P2.1/
—
7
C2D
P3.0/
D I/O
Device Reset. Open-drain output of internal POR or
VDD Monitor.
D I/O
Clock signal for the C2 Debug Interface.
D I/O or A In Port 2.1. See SFR Definition 18.20 for a description.
D I/O
9
—
C2D
Bi-directional data signal for the C2 Debug Interface.
D I/O or A In Port 3.0. See SFR Definition 18.24 for a description.
D I/O
Bi-directional data signal for the C2 Debug Interface.
P0.0
8
6
D I/O or A In Port 0.0. See SFR Definition 18.12 for a description.
P0.1
1
24
D I/O or A In Port 0.1
P0.2
32
23
D I/O or A In Port 0.2
P0.3
31
22
D I/O or A In Port 0.3
P0.4
30
21
D I/O or A In Port 0.4
P0.5
29
20
D I/O or A In Port 0.5
P0.6
28
19
D I/O or A In Port 0.6
P0.7
27
18
D I/O or A In Port 0.7
P1.0
26
17
D I/O or A In Port 1.0. See SFR Definition 18.16 for a description.
P1.1
25
16
D I/O or A In Port 1.1.
P1.2
24
15
D I/O or A In Port 1.2.
Rev. 1.1
18
C8051F54x
Table 3.1. Pin Definitions for the C8051F54x (Continued)
Name
19
Pin
Pin
‘F540/1/4/5 ‘F542/3/6/7
Type
Description
(32-pin)
(24-pin)
P1.3
23
14
D I/O or A In Port 1.3.
P1.4
22
13
D I/O or A In Port 1.4.
P1.5
21
12
D I/O or A In Port 1.5.
P1.6
20
11
D I/O or A In Port 1.6.
P1.7
19
10
D I/O or A In Port 1.7.
P2.0
18
9
D I/O or A In Port 2.0. See SFR Definition 18.20 for a description.
P2.1
17
—
D I/O or A In Port 2.1.
P2.2
16
—
D I/O or A In Port 2.2.
P2.3
15
—
D I/O or A In Port 2.3.
P2.4
14
—
D I/O or A In Port 2.4.
P2.5
13
—
D I/O or A In Port 2.5.
P2.6
12
—
D I/O or A In Port 2.6.
P2.7
11
—
D I/O or A In Port 2.7.
Rev. 1.1
P0.2 / XTAL1
P0.3 / XTAL2
P0.4 / UART0 TX
P0.5 / UART0 RX
P0.6 / CAN TX
P0.7 / CAN RX
P1.0
P1.1
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
C8051F54x
P0.1 / CNVSTR
1
24
P1.2
VIO
2
23
P1.3
VREGIN
3
22
P1.4
VDD
4
21
P1.5
VDDA
5
20
P1.6
GND
6
19
P1.7
GNDA
7
18
P2.0
P0.0 / VREF
8
17
P2.1
13
14
15
16
P2.5
P2.4
P2.3
P2.2
11
P2.7
12
10
RST / C2CK
P2.6
9
P3.0 / C2D
C8051F540-IQ
C8051F541-IQ
C8051F544-IQ
C8051F545-IQ
Top View
Figure 3.1. QFP-32 Pinout Diagram (Top View)
Rev. 1.1
20
P0.2 / XTAL1
P0.3 / XTAL2
P0.4 / UART0 TX
P0.5 / UART0 RX
P0.6 / CAN TX
P0.7 / CAN RX
P1.0
P1.1
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
C8051F54x
P0.1 / CNVSTR
1
24
P1.2
VIO
2
23
P1.3
VREGIN
3
22
P1.4
VDD
4
21
P1.5
VDDA
5
20
P1.6
GND
6
19
P1.7
GNDA
7
18
P2.0
P0.0 / VREF
8
17
P2.1
C8051F540-IM
C8051F541-IM
C8051F544-IM
C8051F545-IM
Top View
11
12
13
14
15
16
P2.6
P2.5
P2.4
P2.3
P2.2
10
RST / C2CK
P2.7
9
P3.0 / C2D
GND
Figure 3.2. QFN-32 Pinout Diagram (Top View)
21
Rev. 1.1
VIO
1
VREGIN
2
VDD
3
GND
4
GNDA
5
P0.0/VREF
6
P0.1/CNVSTR
P0.2/XTAL1
P0.3/XTAL2
P0.4/UART0 TX
P0.5/UART0 RX
P0.6/CAN0 TX
24
23
22
21
20
19
C8051F54x
C8051F542-IM
C8051F543-IM
C8051F546-IM
C8051F547-IM
Top View
18
P0.7/CAN0 RX
17
P1.0
16
P1.1
15
P1.2
14
P1.3
13
P1.4
11
12
P1.6
P1.5
9
P2.0
10
8
RST/C2CK
P1.7
7
P2.1/C2D
GND
Figure 3.3. QFN-24 Pinout Diagram (Top View)
Rev. 1.1
22
C8051F54x
4. Package Specifications
4.1. QFP-32 Package Specifications
Figure 4.1. QFP-32 Package Drawing
Table 4.1. QFP-32 Package Dimensions
Dimension
A
A1
A2
b
c
D
D1
e
Min
—
0.05
1.35
0.30
0.09
Typ
—
—
1.40
0.37
—
9.00 BSC.
7.00 BSC.
0.80 BSC.
Max
1.60
0.15
1.45
0.45
0.20
Dimension
E
E1
L
aaa
bbb
ccc
ddd
θ
Min
0.45
0°
Typ
9.00 BSC.
7.00 BSC.
0.60
0.20
0.20
0.10
0.20
3.5°
Max
0.75
7°
Notes:
1. All dimensions shown are in millimeters (mm) unless otherwise noted.
2. Dimensioning and Tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1994.
3. This drawing conforms to the JEDEC outline MS-026, variation BBA.
4. Recommended card reflow profile is per the JEDEC/IPC J-STD-020 specification for Small Body
Components.
Rev. 1.1
23
C8051F54x
Figure 4.2. QFP-32 Landing Diagram
Table 4.2. QFP-32 Landing Diagram Dimensions
Dimension
Min
Max
Dimension
Min
Max
C1
8.40
8.50
X1
0.40
0.50
C2
8.40
8.50
Y1
1.25
1.35
E
0.80 BSC
Notes:
General
1. All dimensions shown are in millimeters (mm) unless otherwise noted.
2. This Land Pattern Design is based on the IPC-7351 guidelines.
Solder Mask Design
3. All metal pads are to be non-solder mask defined (NSMD). Clearance between the solder mask and the
metal pad is to be 60 μm minimum, all the way around the pad.
Stencil Design
4. A stainless steel, laser-cut and electro-polished stencil with trapezoidal walls should be used to assure
good solder paste release.
5. The stencil thickness should be 0.125 mm (5 mils).
6. The ratio of stencil aperture to land pad size should be 1:1 for all perimeter pads.
Card Assembly
7. A No-Clean, Type-3 solder paste is recommended.
8. Recommended card reflow profile is per the JEDEC/IPC J-STD-020 specification for Small Body
Components.
24
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
4.2. QFN-32 Package Specifications
Figure 4.3. QFN-32 Package Drawing
Table 4.3. QFN-32 Package Dimensions
Dimension
Min
Typ
Max
Dimension
Min
Typ
Max
A
A1
b
D
D2
e
E
0.80
0.00
0.18
0.9
0.02
0.25
5.00 BSC.
3.30
0.50 BSC.
5.00 BSC.
1.00
0.05
0.30
E2
L
L1
aaa
bbb
ddd
eee
3.20
0.30
0.00
—
—
—
—
3.30
0.40
—
—
—
—
—
3.40
0.50
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.05
0.08
3.20
3.40
Notes:
1. All dimensions shown are in millimeters (mm) unless otherwise noted.
2. Dimensioning and Tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1994.
3. This drawing conforms to the JEDEC Solid State Outline MO-220, variation VHHD except for
custom features D2, E2, and L which are toleranced per supplier designation.
4. Recommended card reflow profile is per the JEDEC/IPC J-STD-020 specification for Small Body
Components.
Rev. 1.1
25
C8051F54x
Figure 4.4. QFN-32 Landing Diagram
Table 4.4. QFN-32 Landing Diagram Dimensions
Dimension
Min
Max
Dimension
Min
Max
C1
4.80
4.90
X2
3.20
3.40
C2
4.80
4.90
Y1
0.75
0.85
Y2
3.20
3.40
e
X1
0.50 BSC
0.20
0.30
Notes:
General
1. All dimensions shown are in millimeters (mm) unless otherwise noted.
2. This Land Pattern Design is based on the IPC-7351 guidelines.
Solder Mask Design
3. All metal pads are to be non-solder mask defined (NSMD). Clearance between the solder mask and the
metal pad is to be 60 μm minimum, all the way around the pad.
Stencil Design
4. A stainless steel, laser-cut and electro-polished stencil with trapezoidal walls should be used to assure
good solder paste release.
5. The stencil thickness should be 0.125 mm (5 mils).
6. The ratio of stencil aperture to land pad size should be 1:1 for all perimeter pads.
7. A 3x3 array of 1.0 mm openings on a 1.20 mm pitch should be used for the center ground pad.
Card Assembly
8. A No-Clean, Type-3 solder paste is recommended.
9. The recommended card reflow profile is per the JEDEC/IPC J-STD-020 specification for Small Body
Components.
26
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
4.3. QFN-24 Package Specifications
Figure 4.5. QFN-24 Package Drawing
Table 4.5. QFN-24 Package Dimensions
Dimension
Min
Typ
Max
Dimension
Min
Typ
Max
A
A1
b
D
D2
e
E
E2
0.70
0.00
0.18
0.75
0.02
0.25
4.00 BSC
2.70
0.50 BSC
4.00 BSC
2.70
0.80
0.05
0.30
L
L1
aaa
bbb
ddd
eee
Z
Y
0.30
0.00
0.40
0.50
0.15
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.08
2.55
2.55
2.80
2.80
0.24
0.18
Notes:
1. All dimensions shown are in millimeters (mm) unless otherwise noted.
2. Dimensioning and Tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1994.
3. This drawing conforms to JEDEC Solid State Outline MO-220, variation WGGD, except for
custom features D2, E2, Z, Y, and L which are toleranced per supplier designation.
4. Recommended card reflow profile is per the JEDEC/IPC J-STD-020 specification for Small Body
Components.
Rev. 1.1
27
C8051F54x
Figure 4.6. QFN-24 Landing Diagram
Table 4.6. QFN-24 Landing Diagram Dimensions
Dimension
Min
Max
Dimension
Min
Max
C1
3.90
4.00
X2
2.70
2.80
C2
3.90
4.00
Y1
0.65
0.75
Y2
2.70
2.80
E
X1
0.50 BSC
0.20
0.30
Notes:
General
1. All dimensions shown are in millimeters (mm) unless otherwise noted.
2. This Land Pattern Design is based on the IPC-7351 guidelines.
Solder Mask Design
3. All metal pads are to be non-solder mask defined (NSMD). Clearance between the solder mask and the
metal pad is to be 60 μm minimum, all the way around the pad.
Stencil Design
4. A stainless steel, laser-cut and electro-polished stencil with trapezoidal walls should be used to assure
good solder paste release.
5. The stencil thickness should be 0.125 mm (5 mils).
6. The ratio of stencil aperture to land pad size should be 1:1 for all perimeter pads.
7. A 2x2 array of 1.10 mm x 1.10 mm openings on a 1.30 mm pitch should be used for the center ground
pad.
Card Assembly
8. A No-Clean, Type-3 solder paste is recommended.
9. The recommended card reflow profile is per the JEDEC/IPC J-STD-020 specification for Small Body
Components.
28
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
5. 12-Bit ADC (ADC0)
The ADC0 on the C8051F54x consists of an analog multiplexer (AMUX0) with 25/18 total input selections
and a 200 ksps, 12-bit successive-approximation-register (SAR) ADC with integrated track-and-hold, programmable window detector, programmable attenuation (1:2), and hardware accumulator. The ADC0 subsystem has a special Burst Mode which can automatically enable ADC0, capture and accumulate
samples, then place ADC0 in a low power shutdown mode without CPU intervention. The AMUX0, data
conversion modes, and window detector are all configurable under software control via the Special Function Registers shows in Figure 5.1. ADC0 inputs are single-ended and may be configured to measure
P0.0-P3.7, the Temperature Sensor output, VDD, or GND with respect to GND. The voltage reference for
ADC0 is selected as described in Section “6.2. Temperature Sensor” on page 60. ADC0 is enabled when
the AD0EN bit in the ADC0 Control register (ADC0CN) is set to logic 1, or when performing conversions in
Burst Mode. ADC0 is in low power shutdown when AD0EN is logic 0 and no Burst Mode conversions are
taking place.
Start
Conversion
P1.7
P2.0
28-to-1
AMUX0
P2.7
P3.0
AD0CM0
AD0WINT
AD0LJST
AD0CM1
ADC
AD0TM1:0
AD0PRE
ADC0GNH ADC0GNL ADC0GNA
VDD
AD0RPT0
GAINEN
AD0SC1
AD0SC0
AD0RPT1
AD0SC4
AD0SC3
AD0SC2
Temp Sensor
GND
AD0EN
12-Bit
SAR
Selectable
Gain
ADC0CF
AD0BUSY (W)
01
Timer 1 Overflow
10
CNVSTR Input
11
Timer 2 Overflow
ADC0L
Burst Mode
Oscillator
25 MHz Max
Burst Mode
Logic
00
Accumulator
AD0POST
FCLK
REF
P0.7
P1.0
Start
Conversion
ADC0H
SYSCLK
VDD
FCLK
P0.0
BURSTEN
AD0INT
AD0BUSY
AD0TK0
AD0TM1
AD0TM0
AD0TK1
AD0PWR2
AD0PWR1
AD0PWR0
AD0PWR3
P2.2-P2.7, P3.0 available
on 32-pin packages
ADC0CN
ADC0TK
ADC0MX2
ADC0MX1
ADC0MX0
ADC0MX4
ADC0MX3
ADC0MX
AD0WINT
32
ADC0LTH ADC0LTL
Window
Compare
Logic
ADC0GTH ADC0GTL
Figure 5.1. ADC0 Functional Block Diagram
Rev. 1.1
29
C8051F54x
5.1. Modes of Operation
In a typical system, ADC0 is configured using the following steps:
1. If a gain adjustment is required, refer to Section “5.3. Selectable Gain” on page 35.
2. Choose the start of conversion source.
3. Choose Normal Mode or Burst Mode operation.
4. If Burst Mode, choose the ADC0 Idle Power State and set the Power-Up Time.
5. Choose the tracking mode. Note that Pre-Tracking Mode can only be used with Normal Mode.
6. Calculate the required settling time and set the post convert-start tracking time using the AD0TK bits.
7. Choose the repeat count.
8. Choose the output word justification (Right-Justified or Left-Justified).
9. Enable or disable the End of Conversion and Window Comparator Interrupts.
5.1.1. Starting a Conversion
A conversion can be initiated in one of four ways, depending on the programmed states of the ADC0 Start
of Conversion Mode bits (AD0CM1–0) in register ADC0CN. Conversions may be initiated by one of the following:
Writing a 1 to the AD0BUSY bit of register ADC0CN
A rising edge on the CNVSTR input signal (pin P0.1)
A Timer 1 overflow (i.e., timed continuous conversions)
A Timer 2 overflow (i.e., timed continuous conversions)
Writing a 1 to AD0BUSY provides software control of ADC0 whereby conversions are performed "ondemand.” During conversion, the AD0BUSY bit is set to logic 1 and reset to logic 0 when the conversion is
complete. The falling edge of AD0BUSY triggers an interrupt (when enabled) and sets the ADC0 interrupt
flag (AD0INT). Note: When polling for ADC conversion completions, the ADC0 interrupt flag (AD0INT)
should be used. Converted data is available in the ADC0 data registers, ADC0H:ADC0L, when bit AD0INT
is logic 1. Note that when Timer 2 overflows are used as the conversion source, Low Byte overflows are
used if Timer2 is in 8-bit mode; High byte overflows are used if Timer 2 is in 16-bit mode. See Section
“23. Timers” on page 227 for timer configuration.
Important Note About Using CNVSTR: The CNVSTR input pin also functions as Port pin P0.1. When the
CNVSTR input is used as the ADC0 conversion source, Port pin P0.1 should be skipped by the Digital
Crossbar. To configure the Crossbar to skip P0.1, set to 1 Bit1 in register P0SKIP. See Section “18. Port
Input/Output” on page 147 for details on Port I/O configuration.
5.1.2. Tracking Modes
Each ADC0 conversion must be preceded by a minimum tracking time for the converted result to be accurate. ADC0 has three tracking modes: Pre-Tracking, Post-Tracking, and Dual-Tracking. Pre-Tracking Mode
provides the minimum delay between the convert start signal and end of conversion by tracking continuously before the convert start signal. This mode requires software management in order to meet minimum
tracking requirements. In Post-Tracking Mode, a programmable tracking time starts after the convert start
signal and is managed by hardware. Dual-Tracking Mode maximizes tracking time by tracking before and
after the convert start signal. Figure 5.2 shows examples of the three tracking modes.
Pre-Tracking Mode is selected when AD0TM is set to 10b. Conversions are started immediately following
the convert start signal. ADC0 is tracking continuously when not performing a conversion. Software must
allow at least the minimum tracking time between each end of conversion and the next convert start signal.
The minimum tracking time must also be met prior to the first convert start signal after ADC0 is enabled.
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Post-Tracking Mode is selected when AD0TM is set to 01b. A programmable tracking time based on
AD0TK is started immediately following the convert start signal. Conversions are started after the programmed tracking time ends. After a conversion is complete, ADC0 does not track the input. Rather, the
sampling capacitor remains disconnected from the input making the input pin high-impedance until the
next convert start signal.
Dual-Tracking Mode is selected when AD0TM is set to 11b. A programmable tracking time based on
AD0TK is started immediately following the convert start signal. Conversions are started after the programmed tracking time ends. After a conversion is complete, ADC0 tracks continuously until the next conversion is started.
Depending on the output connected to the ADC input, additional tracking time, more than is specified in
Table 6.9, may be required after changing MUX settings. See the settling time requirements described in
Section “5.2.1. Settling Time Requirements” on page 34.
Convert Start
Pre-Tracking
AD0TM = 10
Track
Post-Tracking
AD0TM= 01
Idle
Track
Convert
Idle
Track
Convert..
Dual-Tracking
AD0TM = 11
Track
Track
Convert
Track
Track
Convert..
Convert
Track
Convert ...
Figure 5.2. ADC0 Tracking Modes
5.1.3. Timing
ADC0 has a maximum conversion speed specified in Table 6.9. ADC0 is clocked from the ADC0 Subsystem Clock (FCLK). The source of FCLK is selected based on the BURSTEN bit. When BURSTEN is
logic 0, FCLK is derived from the current system clock. When BURSTEN is logic 1, FCLK is derived from
the Burst Mode Oscillator, an independent clock source with a maximum frequency of 25 MHz.
When ADC0 is performing a conversion, it requires a clock source that is typically slower than FCLK. The
ADC0 SAR conversion clock (SAR clock) is a divided version of FCLK. The divide ratio can be configured
using the AD0SC bits in the ADC0CF register. The maximum SAR clock frequency is listed in Table 6.9.
ADC0 can be in one of three states at any given time: tracking, converting, or idle. Tracking time depends
on the tracking mode selected. For Pre-Tracking Mode, tracking is managed by software and ADC0 starts
conversions immediately following the convert start signal. For Post-Tracking and Dual-Tracking Modes,
the tracking time after the convert start signal is equal to the value determined by the AD0TK bits plus 2
FCLK cycles. Tracking is immediately followed by a conversion. The ADC0 conversion time is always 13
SAR clock cycles plus an additional 2 FCLK cycles to start and complete a conversion. Figure 5.3 shows
timing diagrams for a conversion in Pre-Tracking Mode and tracking plus conversion in Post-Tracking or
Dual-Tracking Mode. In this example, repeat count is set to one.
Rev. 1.1
31
C8051F54x
Convert Start
Pre-Tracking Mode
Time
F
S1
S2
ADC0 State
...
S12
S13
F
Convert
AD0INT Flag
Post-Tracking or Dual-Tracking Modes (AD0TK = ‘00')
Time
F
S1
ADC0 State
S2
F F
S1
Track
...
S2
S12
S13
F
Convert
AD0INT Flag
Key
F
Sn
Equal to one period of FCLK.
Each Sn is equal to one period of the SAR clock.
Figure 5.3. 12-Bit ADC Tracking Mode Example
5.1.4. Burst Mode
Burst Mode is a power saving feature that allows ADC0 to remain in a very low power state between conversions. When Burst Mode is enabled, ADC0 wakes from a very low power state, accumulates 1, 4, 8, or
16 samples using an internal Burst Mode clock (approximately 25 MHz), then re-enters a very low power
state. Since the Burst Mode clock is independent of the system clock, ADC0 can perform multiple conversions then enter a very low power state within a single system clock cycle, even if the system clock is slow
(e.g., 32.768 kHz), or suspended.
Burst Mode is enabled by setting BURSTEN to logic 1. When in Burst Mode, AD0EN controls the ADC0
idle power state (i.e. the state ADC0 enters when not tracking or performing conversions). If AD0EN is set
to logic 0, ADC0 is powered down after each burst. If AD0EN is set to logic 1, ADC0 remains enabled after
each burst. On each convert start signal, ADC0 is awakened from its Idle Power State. If ADC0 is powered
down, it will automatically power up and wait the programmable Power-Up Time controlled by the
AD0PWR bits. Otherwise, ADC0 will start tracking and converting immediately. Figure 5.4 shows an example of Burst Mode Operation with a slow system clock and a repeat count of 4.
Important Note: When Burst Mode is enabled, only Post-Tracking and Dual-Tracking modes can be used.
When Burst Mode is enabled, a single convert start will initiate a number of conversions equal to the repeat
count. When Burst Mode is disabled, a convert start is required to initiate each conversion. In both modes,
the ADC0 End of Conversion Interrupt Flag (AD0INT) will be set after “repeat count” conversions have
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C8051F54x
been accumulated. Similarly, the Window Comparator will not compare the result to the greater-than and
less-than registers until “repeat count” conversions have been accumulated.
Note: When using Burst Mode, care must be taken to issue a convert start signal no faster than once every
four SYSCLK periods. This includes external convert start signals.
System Clock
Convert Start
(AD0BUSY or Timer
Overflow)
Post-Tracking
AD0TM = 01
AD0EN = 0
Powered
Down
Power-Up
and Idle
T C T C T C T C
Powered
Down
Power-Up
and Idle
T C..
Dual-Tracking
AD0TM = 11
AD0EN = 0
Powered
Down
Power-Up
and Track
T C T C T C T C
Powered
Down
Power-Up
and Track
T C..
AD0PWR
Post-Tracking
AD0TM = 01
AD0EN = 1
Idle
T C T C T C T C
Idle
T C T C T C..
Dual-Tracking
AD0TM = 11
AD0EN = 1
Track
T C T C T C T C
Track
T C T C T C..
T = Tracking
C = Converting
Convert Start
(CNVSTR)
Post-Tracking
AD0TM = 01
AD0EN = 0
Powered
Down
Power-Up
and Idle
T C
Powered
Down
Power-Up
and Idle
T C..
Dual-Tracking
AD0TM = 11
AD0EN = 0
Powered
Down
Power-Up
and Track
T C
Powered
Down
Power-Up
and Track
T C..
AD0PWR
Post-Tracking
AD0TM = 01
AD0EN = 1
Idle
T C
Idle
T C
Idle..
Dual-Tracking
AD0TM = 11
AD0EN = 1
Track
T C
Track
T C
Track..
T = Tracking
C = Converting
Figure 5.4. 12-Bit ADC Burst Mode Example With Repeat Count Set to 4
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C8051F54x
5.2. Output Code Formatting
The registers ADC0H and ADC0L contain the high and low bytes of the output conversion code. When the
repeat count is set to 1, conversion codes are represented in 12-bit unsigned integer format and the output
conversion code is updated after each conversion. Inputs are measured from 0 to VREF x 4095/4096. Data
can be right-justified or left-justified, depending on the setting of the AD0LJST bit (ADC0CN.2). Unused
bits in the ADC0H and ADC0L registers are set to 0. Example codes are shown below for both right-justified and left-justified data.
Input Voltage
Right-Justified ADC0H:ADC0L
(AD0LJST = 0)
Left-Justified ADC0H:ADC0L
(AD0LJST = 1)
VREF x 4095/4096
VREF x 2048/4096
VREF x 2047/4096
0
0x0FFF
0x0800
0x07FF
0x0000
0xFFF0
0x8000
0x7FF0
0x0000
When the ADC0 Repeat Count is greater than 1, the output conversion code represents the accumulated
result of the conversions performed and is updated after the last conversion in the series is finished. Sets
of 4, 8, or 16 consecutive samples can be accumulated and represented in unsigned integer format. The
repeat count can be selected using the AD0RPT bits in the ADC0CF register. The value must be right-justified (AD0LJST = 0), and unused bits in the ADC0H and ADC0L registers are set to 0. The following
example shows right-justified codes for repeat counts greater than 1. Notice that accumulating 2n samples
is equivalent to left-shifting by n bit positions when all samples returned from the ADC have the same
value.
Input Voltage
Repeat Count = 4
Repeat Count = 8
Repeat Count = 16
VREF x 4095/4096
VREF x 2048/4096
VREF x 2047/4096
0
0x3FFC
0x2000
0x1FFC
0x0000
0x7FF8
0x4000
0x3FF8
0x0000
0xFFF0
0x8000
0x7FF0
0x0000
5.2.1. Settling Time Requirements
A minimum tracking time is required before an accurate conversion is performed. This tracking time is
determined by any series impedance, including the AMUX0 resistance, the ADC0 sampling capacitance,
and the accuracy required for the conversion.
Figure 5.5 shows the equivalent ADC0 input circuit. The required ADC0 settling time for a given settling
accuracy (SA) may be approximated by Equation 5.1. When measuring the Temperature Sensor output,
use the settling time specified in Table 6.10. When measuring VDD with respect to GND, RTOTAL reduces to
RMUX. See Table 6.9 for ADC0 minimum settling time requirements as well as the mux impedance and
sampling capacitor values.
n
2
t = ln -------- × R TOTAL C SAMPLE
SA
Equation 5.1. ADC0 Settling Time Requirements
Where:
SA is the settling accuracy, given as a fraction of an LSB (for example, 0.25 to settle within 1/4 LSB).
t is the required settling time in seconds. RTOTAL is the sum of the AMUX0 resistance and any external
source resistance. n is the ADC resolution in bits (10).
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Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
M U X S e le c t
P x .x
R MUX = TB D
C SAM PLE = T B D
R C In p u t = R M U X * C S A M P L E
Figure 5.5. ADC0 Equivalent Input Circuit
5.3. Selectable Gain
ADC0 on the C8051F54x family of devices implements a selectable gain adjustment option. By writing a
value to the gain adjust address range, the user can select gain values between 0 and 1.016.
For example, three analog sources to be measured have full-scale outputs of 5.0 V, 4.0 V, and 3.0 V,
respectively. Each ADC measurement would ideally use the full dynamic range of the ADC with an internal
voltage reference of 1.5 V or 2.2 V (set to 2.2 V for this example). When selecting the first source (5.0 V
full-scale), a gain value of 0.44 (5 V full scale x 0.44 = 2.2 V full scale) provides a full-scale signal of 2.2 V
when the input signal is 5.0 V. Likewise, a gain value of 0.55 (4 V full scale x 0.55 = 2.2 V full scale) for the
second source and 0.73 (3 V full scale x 0.73 = 2.2 V full scale) for the third source provide full-scale ADC0
measurements when the input signal is full-scale.
Additionally, some sensors or other input sources have small part-to-part variations that must be
accounted for to achieve accurate results. In this case, the programmable gain value could be used as a
calibration value to eliminate these part-to-part variations.
5.3.1. Calculating the Gain Value
The ADC0 selectable gain feature is controlled by 13 bits in three registers. ADC0GNH contains the 8
upper bits of the gain value and ADC0GNL contains the 4 lower bits of the gain value. The final GAINADD
bit (ADC0GNA.0) controls an optional extra 1/64 (0.016) of gain that can be added in addition to the
ADC0GNH and ADC0GNL gain. The ADC0GNA.0 bit is set to 1 after a power-on reset.
The equivalent gain for the ADC0GNH, ADC0GNL and ADC0GNA registers is as follows:
GAIN
1
gain = --------------- + GAINADD × ------
4096
64
Equation 5.2. Equivalent Gain from the ADC0GNH and ADC0GNL Registers
Where:
GAIN is the 12-bit word of ADC0GNH[7:0] and ADC0GNL[7:4]
GAINADD is the value of the GAINADD bit (ADC0GNA.0)
gain is the equivalent gain value from 0 to 1.016
Rev. 1.1
35
C8051F54x
For example, if ADC0GNH = 0xFC, ADC0GNL = 0x00, and GAINADD = 1, GAIN = 0xFC0 = 4032, and the
resulting equation is as follows:
4032
1
GAIN = ------------- + 1 × ------ = 0.984 + 0.016 = 1.0
4096
64
The table below equates values in the ADC0GNH, ADC0GNL, and ADC0GNA registers to the equivalent
gain using this equation.
ADC0GNH Value
ADC0GNL Value
GAINADD Value
GAIN Value
Equivalent Gain
0xFC (default)
0x7C
0xBC
0x3C
0xFF
0xFF
0x00 (default)
0x00
0x00
0x00
0xF0
0xF0
1 (default)
1
1
1
0
1
4032 + 64
1984 + 64
3008 + 64
960 + 64
4095 + 0
4096 + 64
1.0 (default)
0.5
0.75
0.25
~1.0
1.016
For any desired gain value, the GAIN registers can be calculated by the following:
1
GAIN = gain – GAINADD × ------ × 4096
64
Equation 5.3. Calculating the ADC0GNH and ADC0GNL Values from the Desired Gain
Where:
GAIN is the 12-bit word of ADC0GNH[7:0] and ADC0GNL[7:4]
GAINADD is the value of the GAINADD bit (ADC0GNA.0)
gain is the equivalent gain value from 0 to 1.016
When calculating the value of GAIN to load into the ADC0GNH and ADC0GNL registers, the GAINADD bit
can be turned on or off to reach a value closer to the desired gain value.
For example, the initial example in this section requires a gain of 0.44 to convert 5 V full scale to 2.2 V full
scale. Using Equation 5.3:
1
GAIN = 0.44 – GAINADD × ------ × 4096
64
If GAINADD is set to 1, this makes the equation:
1
GAIN = 0.44 – 1 × ------ × 4096 = 0.424 × 4096 = 1738 = 0x06CA
64
The actual gain from setting GAINADD to 1 and ADC0GNH and ADC0GNL to 0x6CA is 0.4399. A similar
gain can be achieved if GAINADD is set to 0 with a different value for ADC0GNH and ADC0GNL.
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Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
5.3.2. Setting the Gain Value
The three programmable gain registers are accessed indirectly using the ADC0H and ADC0L registers
when the GAINEN bit (ADC0CF.0) bit is set. ADC0H acts as the address register, and ADC0L is the data
register. The programmable gain registers can only be written to and cannot be read. See Gain Register
Definition 5.1, Gain Register Definition 5.2, and Gain Register Definition 5.3 for more information.
The gain is programmed using the following steps:
1. Set the GAINEN bit (ADC0CF.0)
2. Load the ADC0H with the ADC0GNH, ADC0GNL, or ADC0GNA address.
3. Load ADC0L with the desired value for the selected gain register.
4. Reset the GAINEN bit (ADC0CF.0)
Notes:
1. An ADC conversion should not be performed while the GAINEN bit is set.
2. Even with gain enabled, the maximum input voltage must be less than VREGIN and the maximum
voltage of the signal after gain must be less than or equal to VREF.
In code, changing the value to 0.44 gain from the previous example looks like:
// in ‘C’:
ADC0CF |= 0x01;
ADC0H = 0x04;
ADC0L = 0x6C;
ADC0H = 0x07;
ADC0L = 0xA0;
ADC0H = 0x08;
ADC0L = 0x01;
ADC0CF &= ~0x01;
// GAINEN = 1
// Load the ADC0GNH address
// Load the upper byte of 0x6CA to ADC0GNH
// Load the ADC0GNL address
// Load the lower nibble of 0x6CA to ADC0GNL
// Load the ADC0GNA address
// Set the GAINADD bit
// GAINEN = 0
; in assembly
ORL ADC0CF,#01H
MOV ADC0H,#04H
MOV ADC0L,#06CH
MOV ADC0H,#07H
MOV ADC0L,#0A0H
MOV ADC0H,#08H
MOV ADC0L,#01H
ANL ADC0CF,#0FEH
; GAINEN = 1
; Load the ADC0GNH address
; Load the upper byte of 0x6CA to ADC0GNH
; Load the ADC0GNL address
; Load the lower nibble of 0x6CA to ADC0GNL
; Load the ADC0GNA address
; Set the GAINADD bit
; GAINEN = 0
Rev. 1.1
37
C8051F54x
Gain Register Definition 5.1. ADC0GNH: ADC0 Selectable Gain High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
GAINH[7:0]
Type
W
Reset
1
1
1
1
Indirect Address = 0x04;
Bit
Name
7:0
1
2
1
0
1
0
0
Function
GAINH[7:0] ADC0 Gain High Byte.
See Section 5.3.1 for details on calculating the value for this register.
Note: This register is accessed indirectly; See Section 5.3.2 for details for writing this register.
Gain Register Definition 5.2. ADC0GNL: ADC0 Selectable Gain Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
GAINL[3:0]
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Type
W
W
W
W
W
0
0
0
0
Reset
0
0
0
0
Indirect Address = 0x07;
Bit
Name
7:4
Function
GAINL[3:0] ADC0 Gain Lower 4 Bits.
See Figure 5.3.1 for details for setting this register.
This register is only accessed indirectly through the ADC0H and ADC0L register.
3:0
Reserved
Must Write 0000b
Note: This register is accessed indirectly; See Section 5.3.2 for details for writing this register.
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Gain Register Definition 5.3. ADC0GNA: ADC0 Additional Selectable Gain
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
Name
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Type
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
Indirect Address = 0x08;
Bit
Name
1
0
Reserved GAINADD
Function
7:1
Reserved
Must Write 0000000b.
0
GAINADD
ADC0 Additional Gain Bit.
Setting this bit add 1/64 (0.016) gain to the gain value in the ADC0GNH and
ADC0GNL registers.
Note: This register is accessed indirectly; See Section 5.3.2 for details for writing this register.
Rev. 1.1
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C8051F54x
SFR Definition 5.4. ADC0CF: ADC0 Configuration
Bit
7
6
5
Name
AD0SC[4:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
1
1
1
4
2
1
AD0RPT[1:0]
1
SFR Address = 0xBC; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7:3
3
1
0
GAINEN
R/W
R/W
R/W
0
0
0
Function
AD0SC[4:0] ADC0 SAR Conversion Clock Period Bits.
SAR Conversion clock is derived from system clock by the following equation, where
AD0SC refers to the 5-bit value held in bits AD0SC4–0. SAR Conversion clock
requirements are given in the ADC specification table
BURSTEN = 0: FCLK is the current system clock
BURSTEN = 1: FCLK is a maximum of 30 MHz, independent of the current system
clock..
FCLK
AD0SC = -------------------- – 1
CLK SAR
Note: Round up the result of the calculation for AD0SC
2:1
A0RPT[1:0] ADC0 Repeat Count
Controls the number of conversions taken and accumulated between ADC0 End of
Conversion (ADCINT) and ADC0 Window Comparator (ADCWINT) interrupts. A convert start is required for each conversion unless Burst Mode is enabled. In Burst
Mode, a single convert start can initiate multiple self-timed conversions. Results in
both modes are accumulated in the ADC0H:ADC0L register. When AD0RPT1–0 are
set to a value other than '00', the AD0LJST bit in the ADC0CN register must be
set to '0' (right justified).
00: 1 conversion is performed.
01: 4 conversions are performed and accumulated.
10: 8 conversions are performed and accumulated.
11: 16 conversions are performed and accumulated.
0
GAINEN
Gain Enable Bit.
Controls the gain programming. Refer to Section “5.3. Selectable Gain” on page 35
for information about using this bit.
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Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 5.5. ADC0H: ADC0 Data Word MSB
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
ADC0H[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xBE; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
7:0 ADC0H[7:0] ADC0 Data Word High-Order Bits.
For AD0LJST = 0 and AD0RPT as follows:
00: Bits 3–0 are the upper 4 bits of the 12-bit result. Bits 7–4 are 0000b.
01: Bits 4–0 are the upper 5 bits of the 14-bit result. Bits 7–5 are 000b.
10: Bits 5–0 are the upper 6 bits of the 15-bit result. Bits 7–6 are 00b.
11: Bits 7–0 are the upper 8 bits of the 16-bit result.
For AD0LJST = 1 (AD0RPT must be 00): Bits 7–0 are the most-significant bits of the
ADC0 12-bit result.
SFR Definition 5.6. ADC0L: ADC0 Data Word LSB
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
ADC0L[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xBD; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7:0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
ADC0L[7:0] ADC0 Data Word Low-Order Bits.
For AD0LJST = 0: Bits 7–0 are the lower 8 bits of the ADC0 Accumulated Result.
For AD0LJST = 1 (AD0RPT must be '00'): Bits 7–4 are the lower 4 bits of the 12-bit
result. Bits 3–0 are 0000b.
Rev. 1.1
41
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 5.7. ADC0CN: ADC0 Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
AD0EN
BURSTEN
AD0INT
Type
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
3
AD0BUSY AD0WINT
2
1
0
AD0LJST
AD0CM[1:0]
R/W
R/W
R/W
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xE8; SFR Page = 0x00; Bit-Addressable
Bit
Name
Function
7
AD0EN
ADC0 Enable Bit.
0: ADC0 Disabled. ADC0 is in low-power shutdown.
1: ADC0 Enabled. ADC0 is active and ready for data conversions.
6
BURSTEN ADC0 Burst Mode Enable Bit.
0: Burst Mode Disabled.
1: Burst Mode Enabled.
5
AD0INT
ADC0 Conversion Complete Interrupt Flag.
0: ADC0 has not completed a data conversion since AD0INT was last cleared.
1: ADC0 has completed a data conversion.
4
AD0BUSY
ADC0 Busy Bit.
Read:
Write:
0: ADC0 conversion is not 0: No Effect.
in progress.
1: Initiates ADC0 Conver1: ADC0 conversion is in
sion if AD0CM[1:0] = 00b
progress.
3
AD0WINT
ADC0 Window Compare Interrupt Flag.
This bit must be cleared by software
0: ADC0 Window Comparison Data match has not occurred since this flag was last
cleared.
1: ADC0 Window Comparison Data match has occurred.
2
AD0LJST
ADC0 Left Justify Select Bit.
0: Data in ADC0H:ADC0L registers is right-justified
1: Data in ADC0H:ADC0L registers is left-justified. This option should not be used
with a repeat count greater than 1 (when AD0RPT[1:0] is 01b, 10b, or 11b).
1:0 AD0CM[1:0] ADC0 Start of Conversion Mode Select.
00: ADC0 start-of-conversion source is write of 1 to AD0BUSY.
01: ADC0 start-of-conversion source is overflow of Timer 1.
10: ADC0 start-of-conversion source is rising edge of external CNVSTR.
11: ADC0 start-of-conversion source is overflow of Timer 2.
42
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 5.8. ADC0TK: ADC0 Tracking Mode Select
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
AD0PWR[3:0]
AD0TM[1:0]
AD0TK[1:0]
Type
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
1
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xBA; SFR Page = 0x00;
Bit
Name
7:4
1
1
1
Function
AD0PWR[3:0] ADC0 Burst Power-Up Time.
For BURSTEN = 0: ADC0 Power state controlled by AD0EN
For BURSTEN = 1, AD0EN = 1: ADC0 remains enabled and does not enter the
very low power state
For BURSTEN = 1, AD0EN = 0: ADC0 enters the very low power state and is
enabled after each convert start signal. The Power-Up time is programmed according the following equation:
Tstartup
AD0PWR = ------------------------ – 1 or Tstartup = ( AD0PWR + 1 )200ns
200ns
3:2
AD0TM[1:0]
ADC0 Tracking Mode Enable Select Bits.
00: Reserved.
01: ADC0 is configured to Post-Tracking Mode.
10: ADC0 is configured to Pre-Tracking Mode.
11: ADC0 is configured to Dual Tracking Mode.
1:0
AD0TK[1:0]
ADC0 Post-Track Time.
00: Post-Tracking time is equal to 2 SAR clock cycles + 2 FCLK cycles.
01: Post-Tracking time is equal to 4 SAR clock cycles + 2 FCLK cycles.
10: Post-Tracking time is equal to 8 SAR clock cycles + 2 FCLK cycles.
11: Post-Tracking time is equal to 16 SAR clock cycles + 2 FCLK cycles.
5.4. Programmable Window Detector
The ADC Programmable Window Detector continuously compares the ADC0 output registers to user-programmed limits, and notifies the system when a desired condition is detected. This is especially effective in
an interrupt-driven system, saving code space and CPU bandwidth while delivering faster system
response times. The window detector interrupt flag (AD0WINT in register ADC0CN) can also be used in
polled mode. The ADC0 Greater-Than (ADC0GTH, ADC0GTL) and Less-Than (ADC0LTH, ADC0LTL)
registers hold the comparison values. The window detector flag can be programmed to indicate when measured data is inside or outside of the user-programmed limits, depending on the contents of the ADC0
Less-Than and ADC0 Greater-Than registers.
Rev. 1.1
43
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 5.9. ADC0GTH: ADC0 Greater-Than Data High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
ADC0GTH[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
1
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xC4; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
2
1
0
1
1
1
2
1
0
1
1
1
Function
7:0 ADC0GTH[7:0] ADC0 Greater-Than Data Word High-Order Bits.
SFR Definition 5.10. ADC0GTL: ADC0 Greater-Than Data Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
ADC0GTL[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xC3; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7:0
44
1
Function
ADC0GTL[7:0] ADC0 Greater-Than Data Word Low-Order Bits.
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 5.11. ADC0LTH: ADC0 Less-Than Data High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
ADC0LTH[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xC6; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7:0
2
1
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
ADC0LTH[7:0] ADC0 Less-Than Data Word High-Order Bits.
SFR Definition 5.12. ADC0LTL: ADC0 Less-Than Data Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
ADC0LTL[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xC5; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7:0
0
0
Function
ADC0LTL[7:0] ADC0 Less-Than Data Word Low-Order Bits.
5.4.1. Window Detector In Single-Ended Mode
Figure 5.6
shows
two
example
window
comparisons
for
right-justified
data
with
ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL = 0x0200 (512d) and ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL = 0x0100 (256d). The input voltage can
range from 0 to VREF x (4095/4096) with respect to GND, and is represented by a 12-bit unsigned integer
value. The repeat count is set to one. In the left example, an AD0WINT interrupt will be generated if the
ADC0 conversion word (ADC0H:ADC0L) is within the range defined by ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL and
ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL (if 0x0100 < ADC0H:ADC0L < 0x0200). In the right example, and AD0WINT interrupt
will be generated if the ADC0 conversion word is outside of the range defined by the ADC0GT and
ADC0LT registers (if ADC0H:ADC0L < 0x0100 or ADC0H:ADC0L > 0x0200). Figure 5.7 shows an example using left-justified data with the same comparison values.
Rev. 1.1
45
C8051F54x
ADC0H:ADC0L
ADC0H:ADC0L
Input Voltage
(Px.x - GND)
VREF x (4095/4096)
Input Voltage
(Px.x - GND)
0x0FFF
VREF x (1023/
1024)
0x0FFF
AD0WINT
not affected
AD0WINT=1
0x0201
VREF x (512/4096)
0x0200
0x0201
ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL
VREF x (512/4096)
0x01FF
0x0200
0x01FF
AD0WINT=1
0x0101
VREF x (256/4096)
0x0100
0x0101
ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL
VREF x (256/4096)
0x00FF
0x0100
ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL
AD0WINT
not affected
ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL
0x00FF
AD0WINT=1
AD0WINT
not affected
0
0x0000
0
0x0000
Figure 5.6. ADC Window Compare Example: Right-Justified Data
ADC0H:ADC0L
ADC0H:ADC0L
Input Voltage
(Px.x - GND)
VREF x (4095/4096)
Input Voltage
(Px.x - GND)
0xFFF0
VREF x (4095/4096)
0xFFF0
AD0WINT
not affected
AD0WINT=1
0x2010
VREF x (512/4096)
0x2000
0x2010
ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL
VREF x (512/4096)
0x1FF0
0x2000
0x1FF0
AD0WINT=1
0x1010
VREF x (256/4096)
0x1000
0x1010
ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL
VREF x (256/4096)
0x0FF0
0x1000
ADC0GTH:ADC0GTL
AD0WINT
not affected
ADC0LTH:ADC0LTL
0x0FF0
AD0WINT=1
AD0WINT
not affected
0
0x0000
0
0x0000
Figure 5.7. ADC Window Compare Example: Left-Justified Data
46
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
6. Electrical Characteristics
6.1. Absolute Maximum Specifications
Table 6.1. Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Ambient Temperature under Bias
–55
—
135
°C
Storage Temperature
–65
—
150
°C
Voltage on VREGIN with Respect to GND
–0.3
—
5.5
V
Voltage on VDD with Respect to GND
–0.3
—
2.8
V
Voltage on VDDA with Respect to GND
–0.3
—
2.8
V
Voltage on VIO with Respect to GND
–0.3
—
5.5
V
Voltage on any Port I/O Pin or RST with Respect to
GND
–0.3
—
VIO + 0.3
V
Maximum Total Current through VREGIN or GND
—
—
500
mA
Maximum Output Current Sunk by RST or any Port Pin
—
—
100
mA
Maximum Output Current Sourced by any Port Pin
—
—
100
mA
Note: Stresses outside of the range of the “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the
device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the devices at those or any other conditions
outside of those indicated in the operation listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum
rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Rev. 1.1
47
C8051F54x
6.2. Electrical Characteristics
Table 6.2. Global Electrical Characteristics
–40 to +125 °C, 24 MHz system clock unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Supply Input Voltage (VREGIN)
Digital Supply Voltage (VDD)
Conditions
System Clock < 25 MHz
System Clock > 25 MHz
Analog Supply Voltage (VDDA) System Clock < 25 MHz
(Must be connected to VDD)
System Clock > 25 MHz
Port I/O Supply Voltage (VIO)
Normal Operation
Min
1.8
Typ
—
Max
5.25
VRST1
—
2.75
2
—
2.75
VRST1
—
2.75
2
2.75
Units
V
V
V
1.82
—
—
5.25
V
1.5
—
V
SYSCLK (System Clock)3
TSYSH (SYSCLK High Time)
0
—
50
MHz
9
—
—
ns
TSYSL (SYSCLK Low Time)
9
—
—
ns
Digital Supply RAM Data
Retention Voltage
Specified Operating
–40
—
+125
Temperature Range
Digital Supply Current—CPU Active (Normal Mode, fetching instructions from Flash)
VDD = 2.1 V, F = 200 kHz
—
85
—
I 4
DD
IDD4
IDD Supply Sensitivity
4
IDD Frequency Sensitivity 4,5
µA
VDD = 2.1 V, F = 1.5 MHz
—
600
—
µA
VDD = 2.1 V, F = 25 MHz
—
9.2
11
mA
VDD = 2.1 V, F = 50 MHz
—
17
21
mA
VDD = 2.6 V, F = 200 kHz
—
120
—
µA
VDD = 2.6 V, F = 1.5 MHz
—
920
—
µA
VDD = 2.6 V, F = 25 MHz
—
13
21
mA
VDD = 2.6 V, F = 50 MHz
—
22
33
mA
F = 25 MHz
F = 1 MHz
VDD = 2.1 V, F < 12.5 MHz, T = 25 °C
—
—
—
68
77
0.43
—
—
—
%/V
%/V
mA/MHz
VDD = 2.1 V, F > 12.5 MHz, T = 25 °C
—
0.33
—
mA/MHz
VDD = 2.6 V, F < 12.5 MHz, T = 25 °C
—
0.60
—
mA/MHz
VDD = 2.6 V, F > 12.5 MHz, T = 25 °C
—
0.42
—
mA/MHz
Notes:
1. Given in Table 6.4 on page 52.
2. VIO should not be lower than the VDD voltage.
3. SYSCLK must be at least 32 kHz to enable debugging.
4. Guaranteed by characterization. Does not include oscillator supply current.
5. IDD estimation for different frequencies.
6. Idle IDD estimation for different frequencies.
48
°C
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
Table 6.2. Global Electrical Characteristics (Continued)
–40 to +125 °C, 24 MHz system clock unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Digital Supply Current—CPU Inactive (Idle Mode, not fetching instructions from Flash)
VDD = 2.1 V, F = 200 kHz
—
50
—
I 4
DD
IDD4
IDD Supply Sensitivity4
IDD Frequency Sensitivity 4.6
Digital Supply Current4
(Stop or Suspend Mode)
Units
µA
VDD = 2.1 V, F = 1.5 MHz
—
410
—
µA
VDD = 2.1 V, F = 25 MHz
—
6.5
8.0
mA
VDD = 2.1 V, F = 50 MHz
—
13
16
mA
VDD = 2.6 V, F = 200 kHz
—
67
—
µA
VDD = 2.6 V, F = 1.5 MHz
—
530
—
µA
VDD = 2.6 V, F = 25 MHz
—
8.0
15
mA
VDD = 2.6 V, F = 50 MHz
—
16
25
mA
F = 25 MHz
F = 1 MHz
VDD = 2.1V, F < 12.5 MHz, T = 25 °C
—
—
—
55
58
0.26
—
—
—
VDD = 2.1V, F > 12.5 MHz, T = 25 °C
—
0.26
—
VDD = 2.6V, F < 12.5 MHz, T = 25 °C
—
0.34
—
VDD = 2.6V, F > 12.5 MHz, T = 25 °C
—
0.34
—
—
—
—
1
6
70
—
—
—
%/V
mA/MHz
Oscillator not running,
VDD Monitor Disabled
Temp = 25 °C
Temp = 60 °C
Temp= 125 °C
µA
Notes:
1. Given in Table 6.4 on page 52.
2. VIO should not be lower than the VDD voltage.
3. SYSCLK must be at least 32 kHz to enable debugging.
4. Guaranteed by characterization. Does not include oscillator supply current.
5. IDD estimation for different frequencies.
6. Idle IDD estimation for different frequencies.
Rev. 1.1
49
C8051F54x
Figure 6.1. Minimum VDD Monitor Threshold vs. System Clock Frequency
Note: With system clock frequencies greater than 25 MHz, the VDD monitor level should be set to the high threshold
(VDMLVL = 1b in SFR VDM0CN) to prevent undefined CPU operation. The high threshold should only be used
with an external regulator powering VDD directly. See Figure 9.2 on page 73 for the recommended power
supply connections.
50
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
Table 6.3. Port I/O DC Electrical Characteristics
VDD = 1.8 to 2.75 V, –40 to +125 °C unless otherwise specified.
Parameters
Conditions
Output High Voltage IOH = –3 mA, Port I/O push-pull
IOH = –10 µA, Port I/O push-pull
IOH = –10 mA, Port I/O push-pull
Output Low Voltage VIO = 1.8 V:
IOL = 70 µA
IOL = 8.5 mA
VIO = 2.7 V:
IOL = 70 µA
IOL = 8.5 mA
VIO = 5.25 V:
IOL = 70 µA
IOL = 8.5 mA
VREGIN = 5.25 V
Input High Voltage
V
Input Low Voltage
REGIN = 2.7 V
Weak Pullup Off
Weak Pullup On, VIO = 2.1 V,
VIN = 0 V, VDD = 1.8 V
Input Leakage
Current
Min
VIO – 0.4
VIO – 0.02
—
Typ
—
—
VIO – 0.7
Max
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
50
750
—
—
—
—
45
550
—
—
0.7 x VIO
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
40
400
0.3 x VIO
±2
—
7
9
Units
V
mV
V
V
µA
Weak Pullup On, VIO = 2.6 V,
VIN = 0 V, VDD = 2.6 V
—
17
22
Weak Pullup On, VIO = 5.0 V,
VIN = 0 V, VDD = 2.6 V
—
49
115
Rev. 1.1
51
C8051F54x
Table 6.4. Reset Electrical Characteristics
–40 to +125 °C unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
—
—
40
mV
RST Input High Voltage
0.7 x VIO
—
—
RST Input Low Voltage
—
—
0.3 x VIO
—
49
115
µA
VDD RST Threshold (VRST-LOW)
1.65
1.75
1.80
V
VDD RST Threshold (VRST-HIGH)
2.25
2.30
2.45
V
RST Output Low Voltage
RST Input Pullup Current
Missing Clock Detector Timeout
VIO = 5 V; IOL = 70 µA
RST = 0.0 V, VIO = 5 V
Time from last system clock
rising edge to reset initiation
VDD = 2.1 V
VDD = 2.5 V
µs
200
200
340
250
600
600
—
155
175
µs
Minimum RST Low Time to
Generate a System Reset
6
—
—
µs
VDD Monitor Turn-on Time
—
60
100
µs
VDD Monitor Supply Current
—
1
2
µA
Reset Time Delay
Delay between release of
any reset source and code
execution at location 0x0000
Table 6.5. Flash Electrical Characteristics
VDD = 1.8 to 2.75 V, –40 to +125 °C unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Flash Size
Conditions
Min
Typ
C8051F540/1/2/3
163841
C8051F544/5/6/7
8192
Endurance
Max
Units
Bytes
20 k
150 k
—
Erase/Write
Retention
125 °C
10
—
—
Years
Erase Cycle Time
25 MHz System Clock
28
30
45
ms
Write Cycle Time
25 MHz System Clock
79
84
125
µs
Write/Erase Operations
VRST-HIGH2
—
—
V
VDD
1. On the 16 kB Flash devices, 1024 bytes at addresses 0x3C00 to 0x3FFF are reserved.
2. See Table 6.4 for the VRST-HIGH specification.
52
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
Table 6.6. Internal High-Frequency Oscillator Electrical Characteristics
VDD = 1.8 to 2.75 V, –40 to +125 °C unless otherwise specified; Using factory-calibrated settings.
Parameter
Conditions
Oscillator Frequency
Min
Typ
Max
Units
IFCN = 111b;
VDD > VREGMIN1
24 – 0.5%
242
24 + 0.5%
MHz
IFCN = 111b;
VDD < VREGMIN1
24 – 1.0%
242
24 + 1.0%
Oscillator Supply Current
(from VDD)
Internal Oscillator On
OSCICN[7:6] = 11b
—
880
1300
Internal Oscillator Suspend
OSCICN[7:6] = 00b
ZTCEN = 1
Temp = 25 °C
Temp = 85 °C
Temp = 125 °C
—
67
90
130
—
Wake-up Time From Suspend
OSCICN[7:6] = 00b
—
1
—
µs
Power Supply Sensitivity
Constant Temperature
—
0.11
—
%/V
Constant Supply
TC1
TC2
—
—
5.0
–0.65
—
—
ppm/°C
ppm/°C2
3
Temperature Sensitivity
µA
1. VREGMIN is the minimum output of the voltage regulator for its low setting (REG0CN: REG0MD = 0b). See
Table 6.8, “Voltage Regulator Electrical Characteristics,” on page 54.
2. This is the average frequency across the operating temperature range
3. Use temperature coefficients TC1 and TC2 to calculate the new internal oscillator frequency using the
following equation:
f(T) = f0 x (1 + TC1 x (T - T0) + TC2 x (T - T0)2)
where f0 is the internal oscillator frequency at 25 °C and T0 is 25 °C.
Rev. 1.1
53
C8051F54x
Table 6.7. Clock Multiplier Electrical Specifications
VDD = 1.8 to 2.75 V, –40 to +125 °C unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Input Frequency (Fcmin)
2
—
—
MHz
Output Frequency
—
—
50
MHz
Power Supply Current
—
0.9
1.9
mA
Min
Typ
Max
Units
1.8*
—
5.25
V
Table 6.8. Voltage Regulator Electrical Characteristics
VDD = 1.8 to 2.75 V, –40 to +125 °C unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Conditions
Input Voltage Range (VREGIN)*
Dropout Voltage (VDO)
Maximum Current = 50 mA
—
10
—
mV/mA
Output Voltage (VDD)
2.1 V operation (REG0MD = 0)
2.6 V operation (REG0MD = 1)
2.0
2.5
2.1
2.6
2.25
2.75
V
—
1
9
µA
–0.21
—
–0.02
V
—
0.29
—
mV/°C
—
450
50 mA load with VREGIN = 2.4 V
and VDD load capacitor of 4.8 µF
*Note: The minimum input voltage is 1.8 V or VDD + VDO(max load), whichever is greater
—
µs
Bias Current
Dropout Indicator Detection
Threshold
With respect to VDD
Output Voltage Temperature
Coefficient
VREG Settling Time
54
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
Table 6.9. ADC0 Electrical Characteristics
VDDA = 1.8 to 2.75 V, –40 to +125 °C, VREF = 1.5 V (REFSL=0) unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
DC Accuracy
Resolution
12
Integral Nonlinearity
Differential Nonlinearity
Offset Error
Guaranteed Monotonic
1
Full Scale Error
Offset Temperature Coefficient
bits
—
±0.5
±3
LSB
—
±0.5
±1
LSB
–10
3.0
10
LSB
–20
5.7
20
LSB
—
7.7
—
ppm/°C
Dynamic performance (10 kHz sine-wave single-ended input, 1 dB below Full Scale, 200 ksps)
Signal-to-Noise Plus Distortion
Total Harmonic Distortion
Up to the 5th harmonic;
Spurious-Free Dynamic Range
63
65
—
dB
—
80
—
dB
—
-82
—
dB
—
—
3.6
MHz
13
—
—
clocks
Conversion Rate
SAR Conversion Clock
Conversion Time in SAR Clocks
2
Track/Hold Acquisition Time3
VDDA > 2.0 V
VDDA < 2.0 V
1.5
3.5
—
—
—
—
µs
Throughput Rate4
VDDA > 2.0 V
—
—
200
ksps
gain = 1.0 (default)
gain = n
0
0
—
VREF
VREF / n
V
Absolute Pin Voltage with respect
to GND
0
—
VIO
V
Sampling Capacitance
—
31
—
pF
Input Multiplexer Impedance
—
3
—
kΩ
—
1100
1500
µA
Burst Mode (Idle)
—
1100
1500
µA
Power-On Time
5
—
—
µs
Power Supply Rejection
—
–60
—
mV/V
Analog Inputs
ADC Input Voltage Range5
Power Specifications
Power Supply Current
(VDDA supplied to ADC0)
Operating Mode, 200 ksps
Notes:
1. Represents one standard deviation from the mean. Offset and full-scale error can be removed through
calibration.
2. An additional 2 FCLK cycles are required to start and complete a conversion
3. Additional tracking time may be required depending on the output impedance connected to the ADC input.
See Section “5.2.1. Settling Time Requirements” on page 34.
4. An increase in tracking time will decrease the ADC throughput.
5. See Section “5.3. Selectable Gain” on page 35 for more information about the setting the gain.
Rev. 1.1
55
C8051F54x
Table 6.10. Temperature Sensor Electrical Characteristics
VDDA = 1.8 to 2.75 V, –40 to +125 °C unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Linearity
—
±0.1
—
°C
Slope
—
3.33
—
mV/°C
Slope Error*
—
88
—
µV/°C
Offset
Temp = 0 °C
—
856
—
mV
Offset Error*
Temp = 0 °C
—
±14
—
mV
Power Supply Current
—
18
—
µA
Tracking Time
12
—
—
µs
*Note: Represents one standard deviation from the mean.
Table 6.11. Voltage Reference Electrical Characteristics
VDDA = 1.8 to 2.75 V, –40 to +125 °C unless otherwise specified.
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
25 °C ambient (REFLV = 0)
1.45
1.50
1.55
25 °C ambient (REFLV = 1), VDD = 2.6 V
2.15
2.20
2.25
VREF Short-Circuit Current
—
5
10
mA
VREF Temperature
Coefficient
—
38
—
ppm/°C
Internal Reference (REFBE = 1)
Output Voltage
V
Power Consumption
Internal
—
30
50
µA
Load Regulation
Load = 0 to 200 µA to AGND
—
3
—
µV/µA
VREF Turn-on Time 1
4.7 µF tantalum and 0.1 µF bypass
—
1.5
—
ms
VREF Turn-on Time 2
0.1 µF bypass
—
46
—
µs
—
1.2
—
mV/V
1.5
—
VDDA
V
Sample Rate = 200 ksps; VREF = 1.5 V
—
2.1
—
µA
REFBE = 1 or TEMPE = 1
—
21
40
µA
Power Supply Rejection
External Reference (REFBE = 0)
Input Voltage Range
Input Current
Power Specifications
Reference Bias Generator
56
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
Table 6.12. Comparator 0 and Comparator 1 Electrical Characteristics
VIO = 1.8 to 5.25 V, –40 to +125 °C unless otherwise noted.
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Response Time:
Mode 0, Vcm* = 1.5 V
CPn+ – CPn– = 100 mV
—
330
—
ns
CPn+ – CPn– = –100 mV
—
390
—
ns
Response Time:
Mode 1, Vcm* = 1.5 V
CPn+ – CPn– = 100 mV
—
490
—
ns
CPn+ – CPn– = –100 mV
—
610
—
ns
Response Time:
Mode 2, Vcm* = 1.5 V
CPn+ – CPn– = 100 mV
—
590
—
ns
CP0+ – CP0– = –100 mV
—
750
—
ns
Response Time:
Mode 3, Vcm* = 1.5 V
CPn+ – CPn– = 100 mV
—
2300
—
ns
CPn+ – CPn– = –100 mV
—
3100
—
ns
—
2.1
13
mV/V
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio
Positive Hysteresis 1
CPnHYP1–0 = 00
–2
0
2
mV
Positive Hysteresis 2
CPnHYP1–0 = 01
2
6
10
mV
Positive Hysteresis 3
CPnHYP1–0 = 10
5
11
20
mV
Positive Hysteresis 4
CPnHYP1–0 = 11
13
21
40
mV
Negative Hysteresis 1
CPnHYN1–0 = 00
–2
0
2
mV
Negative Hysteresis 2
CPnHYN1–0 = 01
2
5
10
mV
Negative Hysteresis 3
CPnHYN1–0 = 10
5
11
20
mV
Negative Hysteresis 4
CPnHYN1–0 = 11
13
21
40
mV
–0.25
—
VIO + 0.25
V
—
8
—
pF
–10
—
+10
mV
Power Supply Rejection
—
0.18
—
mV/V
Power-Up Time
—
3
—
µs
Mode 0
—
6.3
20
µA
Mode 1
—
3.4
10
µA
Mode 2
—
2.6
7.5
µA
Mode 3
—
0.6
3
µA
Inverting or Non-Inverting Input
Voltage Range
Input Capacitance
Input Offset Voltage
Power Supply
Supply Current at DC
*Note: Vcm is the common-mode voltage on CP0+ and CP0–.
Rev. 1.1
57
C8051F54x
58
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
6.1. ADC0 Analog Multiplexer
ADC0 includes an analog multiplexer to enable multiple analog input sources. Any of the following may be
selected as an input: P0.0–P3.0, the on-chip temperature sensor, the core power supply (VDD), or ground
(GND). ADC0 is single-ended and all signals measured are with respect to GND. The ADC0 input
channels are selected using the ADC0MX register as described in SFR Definition 6.3.
ADC0MX5
ADC0MX4
ADC0MX3
ADC0MX2
ADC0MX1
ADC0MX0
ADC0MX
P0.0
P0.7
P1.0
P1.7
P2.0
AMUX
ADC0
P2.7
P3.0
Temp
Sensor
VDD
GND
P2.2-P2.7, P3.0 only available on
32-pin packages
Figure 6.2. ADC0 Multiplexer Block Diagram
Important Note About ADC0 Input Configuration: Port pins selected as ADC0 inputs should be configured as analog inputs, and should be skipped by the Digital Crossbar. To configure a Port pin for analog
input, set to 0 the corresponding bit in register PnMDIN. To force the Crossbar to skip a Port pin, set to 1
the corresponding bit in register PnSKIP. See Section “18. Port Input/Output” on page 147 for more Port
I/O configuration details.
Rev. 1.1
58
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 6.3. ADC0MX: ADC0 Channel Select
Bit
Name
Type
Reset
7
6
5
4
R
0
R
0
1
1
SFR Address = 0xBB; SFR Page = 0x00;
Bit
Name
7:6
Unused
3
2
ADC0MX[5:0]
R/W
1
1
1
0
1
1
Function
Read = 00b; Write = Don’t Care.
5:0 AMX0P[5:0] AMUX0 Positive Input Selection.
59
000000:
P0.0
000001:
P0.1
000010:
P0.2
000011:
P0.3
000100:
P0.4
000101:
P0.5
000110:
P0.6
000111:
P0.7
001000:
P1.0
001001:
P1.1
001010:
P1.2
001011:
P1.3
001100:
P1.4
001101:
P1.5
001110:
P1.6
001111:
P1.7
010000:
P2.0
010001:
P2.1
010010:
P2.2 (Only available on 32-pin package devices)
010011:
P2.3 (Only available on 32-pin package devices)
010100:
P2.4 (Only available on 32-pin package devices)
010101:
P2.5 (Only available on 32-pin package devices)
010110:
P2.6 (Only available on 32-pin package devices)
010111:
P2.7 (Only available on 32-pin package devices)
011000:
P3.0 (Only available on 32-pin package devices)
011001–101111:
Reserved
110000:
Temp Sensor
110001:
VDD
110010–111111:
GND
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
6.2. Temperature Sensor
An on-chip temperature sensor is included on the C8051F54x devices which can be directly accessed via
the ADC multiplexer in single-ended configuration. To use the ADC to measure the temperature sensor,
the ADC multiplexer channel should be configured to connect to the temperature sensor. The temperature
sensor transfer function is shown in Figure 6.3. The output voltage (VTEMP) is the positive ADC input is
selected by bits AD0MX[4:0] in register ADC0MX. The TEMPE bit in register REF0CN enables/disables
the temperature sensor, as described in SFR Definition 7.1. While disabled, the temperature sensor
defaults to a high impedance state and any ADC measurements performed on the sensor will result in
meaningless data. Refer to Table 6.10 for the slope and offset parameters of the temperature sensor.
VTEMP = (Slope x TempC) + Offset
Voltage
TempC = (VTEMP - Offset) / Slope
Slope (V / deg C)
Offset (V at 0 Celsius)
Temperature
Figure 6.3. Temperature Sensor Transfer Function
Rev. 1.1
60
C8051F54x
7. Voltage Reference
The Voltage reference multiplexer on the C8051F54x devices is configurable to use an externally connected voltage reference, the on-chip reference voltage generator routed to the VREF pin, or the VDD
power supply voltage (see Figure 7.1). The REFSL bit in the Reference Control register (REF0CN, SFR
Definition 7.1) selects the reference source for the ADC. For an external source or the on-chip reference,
REFSL should be set to 0 to select the VREF pin. To use VDD as the reference source, REFSL should be
set to 1.
The BIASE bit enables the internal voltage bias generator, which is used by the ADC, Temperature Sensor,
and internal oscillator. This bias is automatically enabled when any peripheral which requires it is enabled,
and it does not need to be enabled manually. The bias generator may be enabled manually by writing a 1
to the BIASE bit in register REF0CN. The electrical specifications for the voltage reference circuit are given
in Table 6.11.
The on-chip voltage reference circuit consists of a temperature stable bandgap voltage reference generator and a gain-of-two output buffer amplifier. The output voltage is selectable between 1.5 V and 2.25 V.
The on-chip voltage reference can be driven on the VREF pin by setting the REFBE bit in register REF0CN
to a 1. The maximum load seen by the VREF pin must be less than 200 µA to GND. Bypass capacitors of
0.1 µF and 4.7 µF are recommended from the VREF pin to GND. If the on-chip reference is not used, the
REFBE bit should be cleared to 0. Electrical specifications for the on-chip voltage reference are given in
Table 6.11.
Important Note about the VREF Pin: When using either an external voltage reference or the on-chip reference circuitry, the VREF pin should be configured as an analog pin and skipped by the Digital Crossbar.
Refer to Section “18. Port Input/Output” on page 147 for the location of the VREF pin, as well as details of
how to configure the pin in analog mode and to be skipped by the crossbar.
REFSL
TEMPE
BIASE
REFBE
REF0CN
EN
VDD
External
Voltage
Reference
Circuit
R1
Bias Generator
To ADC, Internal
Oscillators
IOSCE
N
EN
VREF
Temp Sensor
To Analog Mux
0
VREF
(to ADC)
GND
VDD
1
REFBE
4.7μF
+
0.1μF
Recommended Bypass
Capacitors
EN
Internal
Reference
Figure 7.1. Voltage Reference Functional Block Diagram
Rev. 1.1
61
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 7.1. REF0CN: Reference Control
Bit
7
6
Name
5
4
3
2
1
0
ZTCEN
REFLV
REFSL
TEMPE
BIASE
REFBE
Type
R
R
R
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xD1; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
Function
7:6
Unused
Read = 00b; Write = don’t care.
5
ZTCEN
Zero Temperature Coefficient Bias Enable Bit.
This bit must be set to 1b before entering oscillator suspend mode.
0: ZeroTC Bias Generator automatically enabled when required.
1: ZeroTC Bias Generator forced on.
4
REFLV
Voltage Reference Output Level Select.
This bit selects the output voltage level for the internal voltage reference
0: Internal voltage reference set to 1.5 V.
1: Internal voltage reference set to 2.20 V.
3
REFSL
Voltage Reference Select.
This bit selects the ADCs voltage reference.
0: VREF pin used as voltage reference.
1: VDD used as voltage reference.
2
TEMPE
Temperature Sensor Enable Bit.
0: Internal Temperature Sensor off.
1: Internal Temperature Sensor on.
1
BIASE
Internal Analog Bias Generator Enable Bit.
0: Internal Bias Generator off.
1: Internal Bias Generator on.
0
REFBE
On-chip Reference Buffer Enable Bit.
0: On-chip Reference Buffer off.
1: On-chip Reference Buffer on. Internal voltage reference driven on the VREF pin.
62
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
8. Comparators
The C8051F54x devices include two on-chip programmable voltage Comparators. A block diagram of the
comparators is shown in Figure 8.1, where “n” is the comparator number (0 or 1). The two Comparators
operate identically except that Comparator0 can also be used a reset source. For input selection details,
refer to SFR Definition 8.5 and SFR Definition 8.6.
Each Comparator offers programmable response time and hysteresis, an analog input multiplexer, and two
outputs that are optionally available at the Port pins: a synchronous “latched” output (CP0, CP1), or an
asynchronous “raw” output (CP0A, CP1A). The asynchronous signal is available even when the system
clock is not active. This allows the Comparators to operate and generate an output with the device in
STOP mode. When assigned to a Port pin, the Comparator outputs may be configured as open drain or
push-pull (see Section “18.4. Port I/O Initialization” on page 152). Comparator0 may also be used as a
reset source (see Section “16.5. Comparator0 Reset” on page 133).
The Comparator0 inputs are selected in the CPT0MX register (SFR Definition 8.5). The CMX0P1-CMX0P0
bits select the Comparator0 positive input; the CMX0N1-CMX0N0 bits select the Comparator0 negative
input. The Comparator1 inputs are selected in the CPT1MX register (SFR Definition 8.6). The CMX1P1CMX1P0 bits select the Comparator1 positive input; the CMX1N1-CMX1N0 bits select the Comparator1
negative input.
Important Note About Comparator Inputs: The Port pins selected as Comparator inputs should be configured as analog inputs in their associated Port configuration register, and configured to be skipped by the
Crossbar (for details on Port configuration, see Section “18.1. Port I/O Modes of Operation” on page 148).
CPTnCN
CPnEN
CPnOUT
CPnRIF
CPnFIF
CPnHYP1
CPnHYP0
CPnHYN1
CPnHYN0
VIO
CPn +
Comparator
Input Mux
+
CPn -
CPn
D
-
SET
CLR
Q
D
Q
SET
CLR
Q
Q
Crossbar
(SYNCHRONIZER)
CPnA
GND
CPTnMD
CPnRIE
CPnFIE
CPnMD1
CPnMD0
Reset
Decision
Tree
CPnRIF
CPnFIF
0
CPnEN
EA
1
0
0
0
1
1
CPn
Interrupt
1
Figure 8.1. Comparator Functional Block Diagram
Rev. 1.1
63
C8051F54x
Comparator outputs can be polled in software, used as an interrupt source, and/or routed to a Port pin.
When routed to a Port pin, Comparator outputs are available asynchronous or synchronous to the system
clock; the asynchronous output is available even in STOP mode (with no system clock active). When disabled, the Comparator output (if assigned to a Port I/O pin via the Crossbar) defaults to the logic low state,
and the power supply to the comparator is turned off. See Section “18.3. Priority Crossbar Decoder” on
page 150 for details on configuring Comparator outputs via the digital Crossbar. Comparator inputs can be
externally driven from –0.25 V to (VDD) + 0.25 V without damage or upset. The complete Comparator electrical specifications are given in Table 6.12.
The Comparator response time may be configured in software via the CPTnMD registers (see SFR Definition 8.2). Selecting a longer response time reduces the Comparator supply current. See Table 6.12 for
complete timing and supply current requirements.
VIN+
VIN-
CPn+
CPn-
+
CPn
_
OUT
CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION
Positive Hysteresis Voltage
(Programmed with CPnHYP Bits)
VIN-
INPUTS
Negative Hysteresis Voltage
(Programmed by CPnHYN Bits)
VIN+
VOH
OUTPUT
VOL
Negative Hysteresis
Disabled
Positive Hysteresis
Disabled
Maximum
Negative Hysteresis
Maximum
Positive Hysteresis
Figure 8.2. Comparator Hysteresis Plot
Comparator hysteresis is software-programmable via its Comparator Control register CPTnCN.
The amount of negative hysteresis voltage is determined by the settings of the CPnHYN bits. As shown in
Figure 8.2, various levels of negative hysteresis can be programmed, or negative hysteresis can be disabled. In a similar way, the amount of positive hysteresis is determined by the setting the CPnHYP bits.
Comparator interrupts can be generated on both rising-edge and falling-edge output transitions. (For Interrupt enable and priority control, see “13. Interrupts” .) The CPnFIF flag is set to 1 upon a Comparator falling-edge, and the CPnRIF flag is set to 1 upon the Comparator rising-edge. Once set, these bits remain
set until cleared by software. The output state of the Comparator can be obtained at any time by reading
the CPnOUT bit. The Comparator is enabled by setting the CPnEN bit to 1, and is disabled by clearing this
bit to 0.
64
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
Note that false rising edges and falling edges can be detected when the comparator is first powered on or
if changes are made to the hysteresis or response time control bits. Therefore, it is recommended that the
rising-edge and falling-edge flags be explicitly cleared to logic 0 a short time after the comparator is
enabled or its mode bits have been changed.
SFR Definition 8.1. CPT0CN: Comparator0 Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
CP0EN
CP0OUT
CP0RIF
CP0FIF
CP0HYP[1:0]
CP0HYN[1:0]
Type
R/W
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x9A; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7
CP0EN
2
0
1
0
0
0
Function
Comparator0 Enable Bit.
0: Comparator0 Disabled.
1: Comparator0 Enabled.
6
CP0OUT
Comparator0 Output State Flag.
0: Voltage on CP0+ < CP0–.
1: Voltage on CP0+ > CP0–.
5
CP0RIF
Comparator0 Rising-Edge Flag. Must be cleared by software.
0: No Comparator0 Rising Edge has occurred since this flag was last cleared.
1: Comparator0 Rising Edge has occurred.
4
CP0FIF
Comparator0 Falling-Edge Flag. Must be cleared by software.
0: No Comparator0 Falling-Edge has occurred since this flag was last cleared.
1: Comparator0 Falling-Edge has occurred.
3:2 CP0HYP[1:0] Comparator0 Positive Hysteresis Control Bits.
00: Positive Hysteresis Disabled.
01: Positive Hysteresis = 5 mV.
10: Positive Hysteresis = 10 mV.
11: Positive Hysteresis = 20 mV.
1:0 CP0HYN[1:0] Comparator0 Negative Hysteresis Control Bits.
00: Negative Hysteresis Disabled.
01: Negative Hysteresis = 5 mV.
10: Negative Hysteresis = 10 mV.
11: Negative Hysteresis = 20 mV.
Rev. 1.1
65
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 8.2. CPT0MD: Comparator0 Mode Selection
Bit
7
6
Name
5
4
CP0RIE
CP0FIE
3
2
R
R
R/W
R/W
R
R
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
Unused
Read = 00b, Write = Don’t Care.
5
CP0RIE
Comparator0 Rising-Edge Interrupt Enable.
0: Comparator0 Rising-edge interrupt disabled.
1: Comparator0 Rising-edge interrupt enabled.
4
CP0FIE
Comparator0 Falling-Edge Interrupt Enable.
0: Comparator0 Falling-edge interrupt disabled.
1: Comparator0 Falling-edge interrupt enabled.
3:2
Unused
Read = 00b, Write = don’t care.
66
R/W
1
Function
7:6
1:0
0
CP0MD[1:0]
Type
SFR Address = 0x9B; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
1
CP0MD[1:0] Comparator0 Mode Select.
These bits affect the response time and power consumption for Comparator0.
00: Mode 0 (Fastest Response Time, Highest Power Consumption)
01: Mode 1
10: Mode 2
11: Mode 3 (Slowest Response Time, Lowest Power Consumption)
Rev. 1.1
0
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 8.3. CPT1CN: Comparator1 Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
CP1EN
CP1OUT
CP1RIF
CP1FIF
CP1HYP[1:0]
CP1HYN[1:0]
Type
R/W
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x9D; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7
CP1EN
2
0
1
0
0
0
Function
Comparator1 Enable Bit.
0: Comparator1 Disabled.
1: Comparator1 Enabled.
6
CP1OUT
Comparator1 Output State Flag.
0: Voltage on CP1+ < CP1–.
1: Voltage on CP1+ > CP1–.
5
CP1RIF
Comparator1 Rising-Edge Flag. Must be cleared by software.
0: No Comparator1 Rising Edge has occurred since this flag was last cleared.
1: Comparator1 Rising Edge has occurred.
4
CP1FIF
Comparator1 Falling-Edge Flag. Must be cleared by software.
0: No Comparator1 Falling-Edge has occurred since this flag was last cleared.
1: Comparator1 Falling-Edge has occurred.
3:2 CP1HYP[1:0] Comparator1 Positive Hysteresis Control Bits.
00: Positive Hysteresis Disabled.
01: Positive Hysteresis = 5 mV.
10: Positive Hysteresis = 10 mV.
11: Positive Hysteresis = 20 mV.
1:0 CP1HYN[1:0] Comparator1 Negative Hysteresis Control Bits.
00: Negative Hysteresis Disabled.
01: Negative Hysteresis = 5 mV.
10: Negative Hysteresis = 10 mV.
11: Negative Hysteresis = 20 mV.
Rev. 1.1
67
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 8.4. CPT1MD: Comparator1 Mode Selection
Bit
7
6
Name
5
4
CP1RIE
CP1FIE
3
2
R
R
R/W
R/W
R
R
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
Unused
Read = 00b, Write = Don’t Care.
5
CP1RIE
Comparator1 Rising-Edge Interrupt Enable.
0: Comparator1 Rising-edge interrupt disabled.
1: Comparator1 Rising-edge interrupt enabled.
4
CP1FIE
Comparator1 Falling-Edge Interrupt Enable.
0: Comparator1 Falling-edge interrupt disabled.
1: Comparator1 Falling-edge interrupt enabled.
3:2
Unused
Read = 00b, Write = don’t care.
68
R/W
1
Function
7:6
1:0
0
CP1MD[1:0]
Type
SFR Address = 0x9E; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
1
CP1MD[1:0] Comparator1 Mode Select.
These bits affect the response time and power consumption for Comparator1.
00: Mode 0 (Fastest Response Time, Highest Power Consumption)
01: Mode 1
10: Mode 2
11: Mode 3 (Slowest Response Time, Lowest Power Consumption)
Rev. 1.1
0
C8051F54x
8.1. Comparator Multiplexer
C8051F54x devices include an analog input multiplexer for each of the comparators to connect Port I/O
pins to the comparator inputs. The Comparator0 inputs are selected in the CPT0MX register (SFR Definition 8.5). The CMX0P3–CMX0P0 bits select the Comparator0 positive input; the CMX0N3–CMX0N0 bits
select the Comparator0 negative input. Similarly, the Comparator1 inputs are selected in the CPT1MX register using the CMX1P3-CMX1P0 bits and CMX1N3-CMX1N0 bits. The same pins are available to both
multiplexers at the same time and can be used by both comparators simultaneously.
Important Note About Comparator Inputs: The Port pins selected as comparator inputs should be configured as analog inputs in their associated Port configuration register, and configured to be skipped by the
Crossbar (for details on Port configuration, see Section “18.6. Special Function Registers for Accessing
and Configuring Port I/O” on page 161).
CPTnMX
CMXnN3
CMXnN2
CMXnN1
CMXnN0
CMXnP3
CMXnP2
CMXnP1
CMXnP0
P0.0
VDD
P0.2
P0.1
CPn +
P0.4
P0.3
P0.6
P0.5
P1.0
+
P1.2
-
P0.7
P1.1
P1.4
P1.3
GND
P1.6
P1.5
P2.0
P1.7
P2.2
P2.1
P2.4
P2.3
P2.6
P2.5
P2.7
CPn -
Figure 8.3. Comparator Input Multiplexer Block Diagram
Rev. 1.1
69
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 8.5. CPT0MX: Comparator0 MUX Selection
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Name
CMX0N[3:0]
CMX0P[3:0]
Type
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0x9C; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7:4
3:0
70
0
1
Function
CMX0N[3:0] Comparator0 Negative Input MUX Selection.
0000:
P0.1
0001:
P0.3
0010:
P0.5
0011:
P0.7
0100:
P1.1
0101:
P1.3
0110:
P1.5
0111:
P1.7
1000:
P2.1
1001:
P2.3 (only available on 32-pin devices)
1010:
P2.5 (only available on 32-pin devices)
1011:
P2.7 (only available on 32-pin devices)
1100–1111:
None
CMX0P[3:0] Comparator0 Positive Input MUX Selection.
0000:
P0.0
0001:
P0.2
0010:
P0.4
0011:
P0.6
0100:
P1.0
0101:
P1.2
0110:
P1.4
0111:
P1.6
1000:
P2.0
1001:
P2.2 (only available on 32-pin devices)
1010:
P2.4 (only available on 32-pin devices)
1011:
P2.6 (only available on 32-pin devices)
1100–1111:
None
Rev. 1.1
1
0
1
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 8.6. CPT1MX: Comparator1 MUX Selection
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Name
CMX1N[3:0]
CMX1P[3:0]
Type
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0x9F; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7:4
3:0
0
1
1
0
1
Function
CMX1N[3:0] Comparator1 Negative Input MUX Selection.
0000:
P0.1
0001:
P0.3
0010:
P0.5
0011:
P0.7
0100:
P1.1
0101:
P1.3
0110:
P1.5
0111:
P1.7
1000:
P2.1
1001:
P2.3 (only available on 32-pin devices)
1010:
P2.5 (only available on 32-pin devices)
1011:
P2.7 (only available on 32-pin devices)
1100–1111:
None
CMX1P[3:0] Comparator1 Positive Input MUX Selection.
0000:
P0.0
0001:
P0.2
0010:
P0.4
0011:
P0.6
0100:
P1.0
0101:
P1.2
0110:
P1.4
0111:
P1.6
1000:
P2.0
1001:
P2.2 (only available on 32-pin devices)
1010:
P2.4 (only available on 32-pin devices)
1011:
P2.6 (only available on 32-pin devices)
1100–1111:
None
Rev. 1.1
71
C8051F54x
9. Voltage Regulator (REG0)
C8051F54x devices include an on-chip low dropout voltage regulator (REG0). The input to REG0 at the
VREGIN pin can be as high as 5.25 V. The output can be selected by software to 2.1 V or 2.6 V. When
enabled, the output of REG0 appears on the VDD pin, powers the microcontroller core, and can be used to
power external devices. On reset, REG0 is enabled and can be disabled by software.
The Voltage regulator can generate an interrupt (if enabled by EREG0, EIE2.0) that is triggered whenever
the VREGIN input voltage drops below the dropout threshold voltage. This dropout interrupt has no pending
flag and the recommended procedure to use it is as follows:
1. Wait enough time to ensure the VREGIN input voltage is stable
2. Enable the dropout interrupt (EREG0, EIE2.0) and select the proper priority (PREG0, EIP2.0)
3. If triggered, inside the interrupt disable it (clear EREG0, EIE2.0), execute all procedures necessary to
protect your application (put it in a safe mode and leave the interrupt now disabled).
4. In the main application, now running in the safe mode, regularly check the DROPOUT bit (REG0CN.0).
Once it is cleared by the regulator hardware, the application can enable the interrupt again (EREG0,
EIE1.6) and return to the normal mode operation.
The input (VREGIN) and output (VDD) of the voltage regulator should both be bypassed with a large capacitor (4.7 µF + 0.1 µF) to ground as shown in Figure 9.1 below. This capacitor will eliminate power spikes
and provide any immediate power required by the microcontroller. The settling time associated with the
voltage regulator is shown in Table 6.8 on page 54.
REG0
VREGIN
4.7 µF
.1 µF
VDD
VDD
4.7 µF
.1 µF
Figure 9.1. External Capacitors for Voltage Regulator Input/Output—
Regulator Enabled
If the internal voltage regulator is not used, the VREGIN input should be tied to VDD, as shown in Figure 9.2.
Rev. 1.1
72
C8051F54x
VREGIN
VDD
VDD
4.7 µF
.1 µF
Figure 9.2. External Capacitors for Voltage Regulator Input/Output—Regulator Disabled
SFR Definition 9.1. REG0CN: Regulator Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
REGDIS
Reserved
Type
R/W
R/W
R
R/W
R
R
R
R
Reset
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
REGDIS
Reserved
5
Unused
4
REG0MD
Function
Voltage Regulator Disable Bit.
Read = 1b; Must Write 1b.
Read = 0b; Write = Don’t Care.
Voltage Regulator Mode Select Bit.
0: Voltage Regulator Output is 2.1V.
1: Voltage Regulator Output is 2.6V.
3:1
Unused
0
DROPOUT
Read = 000b. Write = Don’t Care.
Voltage Regulator Dropout Indicator.
0: Voltage Regulator is not in dropout
1: Voltage Regulator is in or near dropout.
73
1
Rev. 1.1
0
DROPOUT
0: Voltage Regulator Enabled
1: Voltage Regulator Disabled
6
2
REG0MD
SFR Address = 0xC9; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7
3
C8051F54x
10. CIP-51 Microcontroller
The MCU system controller core is the CIP-51 microcontroller. The CIP-51 is fully compatible with the
MCS-51™ instruction set; standard 803x/805x assemblers and compilers can be used to develop software. The MCU family has a superset of all the peripherals included with a standard 8051. The CIP-51
also includes on-chip debug hardware (see description in Section 25), and interfaces directly with the analog and digital subsystems providing a complete data acquisition or control-system solution in a single integrated circuit.
The CIP-51 Microcontroller core implements the standard 8051 organization and peripherals as well as
additional custom peripherals and functions to extend its capability (see Figure 10.1 for a block diagram).
The CIP-51 includes the following features:
Fully Compatible with MCS-51 Instruction Set
50 MIPS Peak Throughput with 50 MHz Clock
0 to 50 MHz Clock Frequency
Extended Interrupt Handler
Reset Input
Power Management Modes
On-chip Debug Logic
Program and Data Memory Security
10.1. Performance
The CIP-51 employs a pipelined architecture that greatly increases its instruction throughput over the standard 8051 architecture. In a standard 8051, all instructions except for MUL and DIV take 12 or 24 system
clock cycles to execute, and usually have a maximum system clock of 12 MHz. By contrast, the CIP-51
core executes 70% of its instructions in one or two system clock cycles, with no instructions taking more
than eight system clock cycles.
Rev. 1.1
74
C8051F54x
D8
D8
ACCUMULATOR
STACK POINTER
TMP1
TMP2
SRAM
ADDRESS
REGISTER
PSW
D8
D8
D8
ALU
SRAM
D8
DATA BUS
B REGISTER
D8
D8
D8
DATA BUS
DATA BUS
SFR_ADDRESS
BUFFER
D8
D8
DATA POINTER
D8
SFR
BUS
INTERFACE
SFR_CONTROL
SFR_WRITE_DATA
SFR_READ_DATA
DATA BUS
PC INCREMENTER
PROGRAM COUNTER (PC)
PRGM. ADDRESS REG.
MEM_ADDRESS
D8
MEM_CONTROL
A16
MEMORY
INTERFACE
MEM_WRITE_DATA
MEM_READ_DATA
PIPELINE
RESET
D8
CONTROL
LOGIC
SYSTEM_IRQs
CLOCK
D8
STOP
IDLE
POWER CONTROL
REGISTER
INTERRUPT
INTERFACE
EMULATION_IRQ
D8
Figure 10.1. CIP-51 Block Diagram
With the CIP-51's maximum system clock at 50 MHz, it has a peak throughput of 50 MIPS. The CIP-51 has
a total of 109 instructions. The table below shows the total number of instructions that require each execution time.
Clocks to Execute
1
2
2/3
3
3/4
4
4/5
5
8
Number of Instructions
26
50
5
14
7
3
1
2
1
Programming and Debugging Support
In-system programming of the Flash program memory and communication with on-chip debug support
logic is accomplished via the Silicon Labs 2-Wire Development Interface (C2).
The on-chip debug support logic facilitates full speed in-circuit debugging, allowing the setting of hardware
breakpoints, starting, stopping and single stepping through program execution (including interrupt service
routines), examination of the program's call stack, and reading/writing the contents of registers and memory. This method of on-chip debugging is completely non-intrusive, requiring no RAM, Stack, timers, or
other on-chip resources. C2 details can be found in Section “25. C2 Interface” on page 269.
The CIP-51 is supported by development tools from Silicon Labs and third party vendors. Silicon Labs provides an integrated development environment (IDE) including editor, debugger and programmer. The IDE's
debugger and programmer interface to the CIP-51 via the C2 interface to provide fast and efficient in-system device programming and debugging. Third party macro assemblers and C compilers are also available.
75
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
10.2. Instruction Set
The instruction set of the CIP-51 System Controller is fully compatible with the standard MCS-51™ instruction set. Standard 8051 development tools can be used to develop software for the CIP-51. All CIP-51
instructions are the binary and functional equivalent of their MCS-51™ counterparts, including opcodes,
addressing modes and effect on PSW flags. However, instruction timing is different than that of the standard 8051.
10.2.1. Instruction and CPU Timing
In many 8051 implementations, a distinction is made between machine cycles and clock cycles, with
machine cycles varying from 2 to 12 clock cycles in length. However, the CIP-51 implementation is based
solely on clock cycle timing. All instruction timings are specified in terms of clock cycles.
Due to the pipelined architecture of the CIP-51, most instructions execute in the same number of clock
cycles as there are program bytes in the instruction. Conditional branch instructions take one less clock
cycle to complete when the branch is not taken as opposed to when the branch is taken. Table 10.1 is the
CIP-51 Instruction Set Summary, which includes the mnemonic, number of bytes, and number of clock
cycles for each instruction.
Rev. 1.1
76
C8051F54x
Table 10.1. CIP-51 Instruction Set Summary
Mnemonic
Description
Bytes
Clock
Cycles
Arithmetic Operations
ADD A, Rn
ADD A, direct
ADD A, @Ri
ADD A, #data
ADDC A, Rn
ADDC A, direct
ADDC A, @Ri
ADDC A, #data
SUBB A, Rn
SUBB A, direct
SUBB A, @Ri
SUBB A, #data
INC A
INC Rn
INC direct
INC @Ri
DEC A
DEC Rn
DEC direct
DEC @Ri
INC DPTR
MUL AB
DIV AB
DA A
Add register to A
Add direct byte to A
Add indirect RAM to A
Add immediate to A
Add register to A with carry
Add direct byte to A with carry
Add indirect RAM to A with carry
Add immediate to A with carry
Subtract register from A with borrow
Subtract direct byte from A with borrow
Subtract indirect RAM from A with borrow
Subtract immediate from A with borrow
Increment A
Increment register
Increment direct byte
Increment indirect RAM
Decrement A
Decrement register
Decrement direct byte
Decrement indirect RAM
Increment Data Pointer
Multiply A and B
Divide A by B
Decimal adjust A
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
4
8
1
AND Register to A
AND direct byte to A
AND indirect RAM to A
AND immediate to A
AND A to direct byte
AND immediate to direct byte
OR Register to A
OR direct byte to A
OR indirect RAM to A
OR immediate to A
OR A to direct byte
OR immediate to direct byte
Exclusive-OR Register to A
Exclusive-OR direct byte to A
Exclusive-OR indirect RAM to A
1
2
1
2
2
3
1
2
1
2
2
3
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
1
2
2
2
2
3
1
2
2
Logical Operations
ANL A, Rn
ANL A, direct
ANL A, @Ri
ANL A, #data
ANL direct, A
ANL direct, #data
ORL A, Rn
ORL A, direct
ORL A, @Ri
ORL A, #data
ORL direct, A
ORL direct, #data
XRL A, Rn
XRL A, direct
XRL A, @Ri
Note: Certain instructions take a variable number of clock cycles to execute depending on instruction alignment and
the FLRT setting (SFR Definition 14.3).
77
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
Table 10.1. CIP-51 Instruction Set Summary (Continued)
Mnemonic
XRL A, #data
XRL direct, A
XRL direct, #data
CLR A
CPL A
RL A
RLC A
RR A
RRC A
SWAP A
Description
Bytes
Clock
Cycles
Exclusive-OR immediate to A
Exclusive-OR A to direct byte
Exclusive-OR immediate to direct byte
Clear A
Complement A
Rotate A left
Rotate A left through Carry
Rotate A right
Rotate A right through Carry
Swap nibbles of A
2
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Move Register to A
Move direct byte to A
Move indirect RAM to A
Move immediate to A
Move A to Register
Move direct byte to Register
Move immediate to Register
Move A to direct byte
Move Register to direct byte
Move direct byte to direct byte
Move indirect RAM to direct byte
Move immediate to direct byte
Move A to indirect RAM
Move direct byte to indirect RAM
Move immediate to indirect RAM
Load DPTR with 16-bit constant
Move code byte relative DPTR to A
Move code byte relative PC to A
Move external data (8-bit address) to A
Move A to external data (8-bit address)
Move external data (16-bit address) to A
Move A to external data (16-bit address)
Push direct byte onto stack
Pop direct byte from stack
Exchange Register with A
Exchange direct byte with A
Exchange indirect RAM with A
Exchange low nibble of indirect RAM with A
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
2
3
1
2
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
1
2
2
2
Clear Carry
Clear direct bit
1
2
1
2
Data Transfer
MOV A, Rn
MOV A, direct
MOV A, @Ri
MOV A, #data
MOV Rn, A
MOV Rn, direct
MOV Rn, #data
MOV direct, A
MOV direct, Rn
MOV direct, direct
MOV direct, @Ri
MOV direct, #data
MOV @Ri, A
MOV @Ri, direct
MOV @Ri, #data
MOV DPTR, #data16
MOVC A, @A+DPTR
MOVC A, @A+PC
MOVX A, @Ri
MOVX @Ri, A
MOVX A, @DPTR
MOVX @DPTR, A
PUSH direct
POP direct
XCH A, Rn
XCH A, direct
XCH A, @Ri
XCHD A, @Ri
Boolean Manipulation
CLR C
CLR bit
Note: Certain instructions take a variable number of clock cycles to execute depending on instruction alignment and
the FLRT setting (SFR Definition 14.3).
Rev. 1.1
78
C8051F54x
Table 10.1. CIP-51 Instruction Set Summary (Continued)
Mnemonic
SETB C
SETB bit
CPL C
CPL bit
ANL C, bit
ANL C, /bit
ORL C, bit
ORL C, /bit
MOV C, bit
MOV bit, C
JC rel
JNC rel
JB bit, rel
JNB bit, rel
JBC bit, rel
Description
Bytes
Clock
Cycles
Set Carry
Set direct bit
Complement Carry
Complement direct bit
AND direct bit to Carry
AND complement of direct bit to Carry
OR direct bit to carry
OR complement of direct bit to Carry
Move direct bit to Carry
Move Carry to direct bit
Jump if Carry is set
Jump if Carry is not set
Jump if direct bit is set
Jump if direct bit is not set
Jump if direct bit is set and clear bit
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2/3*
2/3*
3/4*
3/4*
3/4*
Absolute subroutine call
Long subroutine call
Return from subroutine
Return from interrupt
Absolute jump
Long jump
Short jump (relative address)
Jump indirect relative to DPTR
Jump if A equals zero
Jump if A does not equal zero
Compare direct byte to A and jump if not equal
Compare immediate to A and jump if not equal
Compare immediate to Register and jump if not
equal
Compare immediate to indirect and jump if not
equal
Decrement Register and jump if not zero
Decrement direct byte and jump if not zero
No operation
2
3
1
1
2
3
2
1
2
2
3
3
3
3*
4*
5*
5*
3*
4*
3*
3*
2/3*
2/3
4/5*
3/4*
3/4*
3
4/5*
2
3
1
2/3*
3/4*
1
Program Branching
ACALL addr11
LCALL addr16
RET
RETI
AJMP addr11
LJMP addr16
SJMP rel
JMP @A+DPTR
JZ rel
JNZ rel
CJNE A, direct, rel
CJNE A, #data, rel
CJNE Rn, #data, rel
CJNE @Ri, #data, rel
DJNZ Rn, rel
DJNZ direct, rel
NOP
Note: Certain instructions take a variable number of clock cycles to execute depending on instruction alignment and
the FLRT setting (SFR Definition 14.3).
79
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
Notes on Registers, Operands and Addressing Modes:
Rn—Register R0–R7 of the currently selected register bank.
@Ri—Data RAM location addressed indirectly through R0 or R1.
rel—8-bit, signed (two’s complement) offset relative to the first byte of the following instruction. Used by
SJMP and all conditional jumps.
direct—8-bit internal data location’s address. This could be a direct-access Data RAM location (0x00–
0x7F) or an SFR (0x80–0xFF).
#data—8-bit constant
#data16—16-bit constant
bit—Direct-accessed bit in Data RAM or SFR
addr11—11-bit destination address used by ACALL and AJMP. The destination must be within the
same 2 kB page of program memory as the first byte of the following instruction.
addr16—16-bit destination address used by LCALL and LJMP. The destination may be anywhere within
the 64 kB program memory space.
There is one unused opcode (0xA5) that performs the same function as NOP.
All mnemonics copyrighted © Intel Corporation 1980.
10.3. CIP-51 Register Descriptions
Following are descriptions of SFRs related to the operation of the CIP-51 System Controller. Reserved bits
should not be set to logic l. Future product versions may use these bits to implement new features in which
case the reset value of the bit will be logic 0, selecting the feature's default state. Detailed descriptions of
the remaining SFRs are included in the sections of the datasheet associated with their corresponding system function.
Rev. 1.1
80
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 10.1. DPL: Data Pointer Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
DPL[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x82; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
7:0
DPL[7:0]
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
Function
Data Pointer Low.
The DPL register is the low byte of the 16-bit DPTR. DPTR is used to access indirectly addressed Flash memory or XRAM.
SFR Definition 10.2. DPH: Data Pointer High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
DPH[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x83; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
7:0
DPH[7:0]
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
Function
Data Pointer High.
The DPH register is the high byte of the 16-bit DPTR. DPTR is used to access indirectly addressed Flash memory or XRAM.
81
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 10.3. SP: Stack Pointer
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
SP[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x81; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
7:0
SP[7:0]
3
2
1
0
0
1
1
1
Function
Stack Pointer.
The Stack Pointer holds the location of the top of the stack. The stack pointer is incremented before every PUSH operation. The SP register defaults to 0x07 after reset.
SFR Definition 10.4. ACC: Accumulator
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
ACC[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xE0; SFR Page = All Pages; Bit-Addressable
Bit
Name
Function
7:0
ACC[7:0]
Accumulator.
This register is the accumulator for arithmetic operations.
SFR Definition 10.5. B: B Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
B[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xF0; SFR Page = All Pages; Bit-Addressable
Bit
Name
Function
7:0
B[7:0]
B Register.
This register serves as a second accumulator for certain arithmetic operations.
Rev. 1.1
82
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 10.6. PSW: Program Status Word
Bit
7
6
5
Name
CY
AC
F0
Type
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
4
3
2
1
0
RS[1:0]
OV
F1
PARITY
R/W
R/W
R/W
R
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xD0; SFR Page = All Pages; Bit-Addressable
Bit
Name
Function
7
CY
Carry Flag.
This bit is set when the last arithmetic operation resulted in a carry (addition) or a borrow (subtraction). It is cleared to logic 0 by all other arithmetic operations.
6
AC
Auxiliary Carry Flag.
This bit is set when the last arithmetic operation resulted in a carry into (addition) or a
borrow from (subtraction) the high order nibble. It is cleared to logic 0 by all other arithmetic operations.
5
F0
User Flag 0.
This is a bit-addressable, general purpose flag for use under software control.
4:3
RS[1:0]
Register Bank Select.
These bits select which register bank is used during register accesses.
00: Bank 0, Addresses 0x00-0x07
01: Bank 1, Addresses 0x08-0x0F
10: Bank 2, Addresses 0x10-0x17
11: Bank 3, Addresses 0x18-0x1F
2
OV
Overflow Flag.
This bit is set to 1 under the following circumstances:
An ADD, ADDC, or SUBB instruction causes a sign-change overflow.
A MUL instruction results in an overflow (result is greater than 255).
A DIV instruction causes a divide-by-zero condition.
The OV bit is cleared to 0 by the ADD, ADDC, SUBB, MUL, and DIV instructions in all
other cases.
1
F1
User Flag 1.
This is a bit-addressable, general purpose flag for use under software control.
0
PARITY
Parity Flag.
This bit is set to logic 1 if the sum of the eight bits in the accumulator is odd and cleared
if the sum is even.
83
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
10.4. Serial Number Special Function Registers (SFRs)
The C8051F54x devices include four SFRs, SN0 through SN3, that are pre-programmed during production
with a unique, 32-bit serial number. The serial number provides a unique identification number for each
device and can be read from the application firmware. If the serial number is not used in the application,
these four registers can be used as general purpose SFRs.
SFR Definition 10.7. SNn: Serial Number n
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
SERNUMn[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
Varies—Unique 32-bit value
2
1
0
SFR Addresses: SN0 = 0xF9; SN1 = 0xFA; SN2 = 0xFB; SN3 = 0xFC; SFR Page = 0x0F;
Bit
Name
Function
7:0
SERNUMn[7:0] Serial Number Bits.
The four serial number registers form a 32-bit serial number, with SN3 as the
most significant byte and SN0 as the least significant byte.
Rev. 1.1
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C8051F54x
11. Memory Organization
The memory organization of the CIP-51 System Controller is similar to that of a standard 8051. There are
two separate memory spaces: program memory and data memory. Program and data memory share the
same address space but are accessed via different instruction types. The memory organization is shown in
Figure 11.1
PROGRAM/DATA MEMORY
(FLASH)
C8051F540/1/2/3
DATA MEMORY (RAM)
INTERNAL DATA ADDRESS SPACE
0xFF
RESERVED
0x3C00
0x3BFF
0x80
0x7F
Upper 128 RAM
(Indirect Addressing
Only)
Special Function
Register's
(Direct Addressing Only)
(Direct and Indirect
Addressing)
16 kB FLASH
(In-System
Programmable in 512
Byte Sectors)
0x0000
0x30
0x2F
0x20
0x1F
0x00
Bit Addressable
Lower 128 RAM
(Direct and Indirect
Addressing)
General Purpose
Registers
EXTERNAL DATA ADDRESS SPACE
0xFFFF
Same 1024 bytes as
from 0x0000 to 0x03FF,
wrapped on 1024-byte
boundaries
C8051F544/5/6/7
0x1FFF
0x0400
0x03FF
8 kB FLASH
XRAM
1K Bytes
(In-System
Programmable in 512
Byte Sectors)
0x0000
(accessable using
MOVX instruction)
0x0000
Figure 11.1. C8051F54x Memory Map
11.1. Program Memory
The CIP-51 core has a 64 kB program memory space. The C8051F54x devices implement 16 kB or 8 kB
of this program memory space as in-system, re-programmable Flash memory, organized in a contiguous
block from addresses 0x0000 to 0x3FFF in 16 kB devices and addresses 0x0000 to 0x1FFF in 8 kB
devices. The address 0x3BFF in 16 kB devices and 0x1FFF in 8 kB devices serves as the security lock
byte for the device. Addresses above 0x3BFF are reserved in the 16 kB devices.
Rev. 1.1
85
C8051F54x
C8051F540/1/2/3
0x3FFF
Reserved Area
0x3BFF
0x3BFE
Lock Byte Page
0x3A00
C8051F544/5/6/7
Lock Byte
0x1FFF
0x1FFE
Lock Byte Page
Flash Memory Space
(16 kB Flash Device)
0x1E00
Flash Memory Space
(8 kB Flash Device)
FLASH memory organized in
512-byte pages
0x3C00
Lock Byte
0x0000
0x0000
Figure 11.2. Flash Program Memory Map
11.1.1. MOVX Instruction and Program Memory
The MOVX instruction in an 8051 device is typically used to access external data memory. On the
C8051F54x devices, the MOVX instruction is normally used to read and write on-chip XRAM, but can be
re-configured to write and erase on-chip Flash memory space. MOVC instructions are always used to read
Flash memory, while MOVX write instructions are used to erase and write Flash. This Flash access feature
provides a mechanism for the C8051F54x to update program code and use the program memory space for
non-volatile data storage. Refer to Section “14. Flash Memory” on page 117 for further details.
11.2. Data Memory
The C8051F54x devices include 1280 bytes of RAM data memory. 256 bytes of this memory is mapped
into the internal RAM space of the 8051. The other 1024 bytes of this memory is on-chip “external” memory. The data memory map is shown in Figure 11.1 for reference.
11.2.1. Internal RAM
There are 256 bytes of internal RAM mapped into the data memory space from 0x00 through 0xFF. The
lower 128 bytes of data memory are used for general purpose registers and scratch pad memory. Either
direct or indirect addressing may be used to access the lower 128 bytes of data memory. Locations 0x00
through 0x1F are addressable as four banks of general purpose registers, each bank consisting of eight
byte-wide registers. The next 16 bytes, locations 0x20 through 0x2F, may either be addressed as bytes or
as 128 bit locations accessible with the direct addressing mode.
The upper 128 bytes of data memory are accessible only by indirect addressing. This region occupies the
same address space as the Special Function Registers (SFR) but is physically separate from the SFR
space. The addressing mode used by an instruction when accessing locations above 0x7F determines
whether the CPU accesses the upper 128 bytes of data memory space or the SFRs. Instructions that use
direct addressing will access the SFR space. Instructions using indirect addressing above 0x7F access the
upper 128 bytes of data memory. Figure 11.1 illustrates the data memory organization of the C8051F54x.
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11.2.1.1. General Purpose Registers
The lower 32 bytes of data memory, locations 0x00 through 0x1F, may be addressed as four banks of general-purpose registers. Each bank consists of eight byte-wide registers designated R0 through R7. Only
one of these banks may be enabled at a time. Two bits in the program status word, RS0 (PSW.3) and RS1
(PSW.4), select the active register bank (see description of the PSW in SFR Definition 10.6). This allows
fast context switching when entering subroutines and interrupt service routines. Indirect addressing modes
use registers R0 and R1 as index registers.
11.2.1.2. Bit Addressable Locations
In addition to direct access to data memory organized as bytes, the sixteen data memory locations at 0x20
through 0x2F are also accessible as 128 individually addressable bits. Each bit has a bit address from
0x00 to 0x7F. Bit 0 of the byte at 0x20 has bit address 0x00 while bit7 of the byte at 0x20 has bit address
0x07. Bit 7 of the byte at 0x2F has bit address 0x7F. A bit access is distinguished from a full byte access by
the type of instruction used (bit source or destination operands as opposed to a byte source or destination).
The MCS-51™ assembly language allows an alternate notation for bit addressing of the form XX.B where
XX is the byte address and B is the bit position within the byte. For example, the instruction:
MOV
C, 22.3h
moves the Boolean value at 0x13 (bit 3 of the byte at location 0x22) into the Carry flag.
11.2.1.3. Stack
A programmer's stack can be located anywhere in the 256-byte data memory. The stack area is designated using the Stack Pointer (SP) SFR. The SP will point to the last location used. The next value pushed
on the stack is placed at SP+1 and then SP is incremented. A reset initializes the stack pointer to location
0x07. Therefore, the first value pushed on the stack is placed at location 0x08, which is also the first register (R0) of register bank 1. Thus, if more than one register bank is to be used, the SP should be initialized
to a location in the data memory not being used for data storage. The stack depth can extend up to
256 bytes.
11.3. External RAM
For C8051F54x devices, 1 kB of RAM are included on-chip and mapped into the external data memory
space (XRAM). The external memory space may be accessed using the external move instruction (MOVX)
and the data pointer (DPTR), or using the MOVX indirect addressing mode using R0 or R1. If the MOVX
instruction is used with an 8-bit address operand (such as @R1), then the high byte of the 16-bit address is
provided by the External Memory Interface Control Register (EMI0CN, shown in SFR Definition 11.1).
Note: The MOVX instruction can also be used for writing to the Flash memory. See Section “14. Flash Memory” on
page 117 for details. The MOVX instruction accesses XRAM by default.
11.3.1. 16-Bit MOVX Example
The 16-bit form of the MOVX instruction accesses the memory location pointed to by the contents of the
DPTR register. The following series of instructions reads the value of the byte at address 0x1234 into the
accumulator A:
MOV
MOVX
DPTR, #1234h
A, @DPTR
; load DPTR with 16-bit address to read (0x1234)
; load contents of 0x1234 into accumulator A
The above example uses the 16-bit immediate MOV instruction to set the contents of DPTR. Alternately,
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C8051F54x
the DPTR can be accessed through the SFR registers DPH, which contains the upper 8-bits of DPTR, and
DPL, which contains the lower 8-bits of DPTR.
11.3.2. 8-Bit MOVX Example
The 8-bit form of the MOVX instruction uses the contents of the EMI0CN SFR to determine the upper 8-bits
of the effective address to be accessed and the contents of R0 or R1 to determine the lower 8-bits of the
effective address to be accessed. The following series of instructions read the contents of the byte at
address 0x1234 into the accumulator A.
MOV
MOV
MOVX
EMI0CN, #12h
R0, #34h
a, @R0
; load high byte of address into EMI0CN
; load low byte of address into R0 (or R1)
; load contents of 0x1234 into accumulator A
SFR Definition 11.1. EMI0CN: External Memory Interface Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
PGSEL[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xAA; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
7:0 PGSEL[7:0] XRAM Page Select Bits.
The XRAM Page Select Bits provide the high byte of the 16-bit external data memory
address when using an 8-bit MOVX command, effectively selecting a 256-byte page of
RAM.
0x00: 0x0000 to 0x00FF
0x01: 0x0100 to 0x01FF
...
0xFE: 0xFE00 to 0xFEFF
0xFF: 0xFF00 to 0xFFFF
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12. Special Function Registers
The direct-access data memory locations from 0x80 to 0xFF constitute the special function registers
(SFRs). The SFRs provide control and data exchange with the C8051F54x's resources and peripherals.
The CIP-51 controller core duplicates the SFRs found in a typical 8051 implementation as well as implementing additional SFRs used to configure and access the sub-systems unique to the C8051F54x. This
allows the addition of new functionality while retaining compatibility with the MCS-51™ instruction set.
Table 12.2 lists the SFRs implemented in the C8051F54x device family.
The SFR registers are accessed anytime the direct addressing mode is used to access memory locations
from 0x80 to 0xFF. SFRs with addresses ending in 0x0 or 0x8 (e.g., P0, TCON, SCON0, IE, etc.) are bitaddressable as well as byte-addressable. All other SFRs are byte-addressable only. Unoccupied
addresses in the SFR space are reserved for future use. Accessing unoccupied addresses in the SFR
space will have an indeterminate effect and should be avoided. Refer to the corresponding pages of the
data sheet, as indicated in Table 12.2, for a detailed description of each register.
12.1. SFR Paging
The CIP-51 features SFR paging, allowing the device to map many SFRs into the 0x80 to 0xFF memory
address space. The SFR memory space has 256 pages. In this way, each memory location from 0x80 to
0xFF can access up to 256 SFRs. The C8051F54x family of devices utilizes two SFR pages: 0x00 and
0x0F. SFR pages are selected using the Special Function Register Page Selection register, SFRPAGE
(see SFR Definition 11.3). The procedure for reading and writing an SFR is as follows:
1. Select the appropriate SFR page number using the SFRPAGE register.
2. Use direct accessing mode to read or write the special function register (MOV instruction).
12.2. Interrupts and SFR Paging
When an interrupt occurs, the SFR Page Register will automatically switch to the SFR page containing the
flag bit that caused the interrupt. The automatic SFR Page switch function conveniently removes the burden of switching SFR pages from the interrupt service routine. Upon execution of the RETI instruction, the
SFR page is automatically restored to the SFR Page in use prior to the interrupt. This is accomplished via
a three-byte SFR Page Stack. The top byte of the stack is SFRPAGE, the current SFR Page. The second
byte of the SFR Page Stack is SFRNEXT. The third, or bottom byte of the SFR Page Stack is SFRLAST.
Upon an interrupt, the current SFRPAGE value is pushed to the SFRNEXT byte, and the value of
SFRNEXT is pushed to SFRLAST. Hardware then loads SFRPAGE with the SFR Page containing the flag
bit associated with the interrupt. On a return from interrupt, the SFR Page Stack is popped resulting in the
value of SFRNEXT returning to the SFRPAGE register, thereby restoring the SFR page context without
software intervention. The value in SFRLAST (0x00 if there is no SFR Page value in the bottom of the
stack) of the stack is placed in SFRNEXT register. If desired, the values stored in SFRNEXT and SFRLAST may be modified during an interrupt, enabling the CPU to return to a different SFR Page upon execution of the RETI instruction (on interrupt exit). Modifying registers in the SFR Page Stack does not cause
a push or pop of the stack. Only interrupt calls and returns will cause push/pop operations on the SFR
Page Stack.
On the C8051F54x devices, vectoring to an interrupt will switch SFRPAGE to page 0x00.
Rev. 1.1
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C8051F54x
SFRPGCN Bit
Interrupt
Logic
SFRPAGE
CIP-51
SFRNEXT
SFRLAST
Figure 12.1. SFR Page Stack
Automatic hardware switching of the SFR Page on interrupts may be enabled or disabled as desired using
the SFR Automatic Page Control Enable Bit located in the SFR Page Control Register (SFR0CN). This
function defaults to “enabled” upon reset. In this way, the autoswitching function will be enabled unless disabled in software.
A summary of the SFR locations (address and SFR page) are provided in Table 12.2 in the form of an SFR
memory map. Each memory location in the map has an SFR page row, denoting the page in which that
SFR resides. Certain SFRs are accessible from ALL SFR pages, and are denoted by the “(ALL PAGES)”
designation. For example, the Port I/O registers P0, P1, P2, and P3 all have the “(ALL PAGES)” designation, indicating these SFRs are accessible from all SFR pages regardless of the SFRPAGE register value.
90
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12.3. SFR Page Stack Example
The following is an example that shows the operation of the SFR Page Stack during interrupts. In this
example, the SFR Control register is left in the default enabled state (i.e., SFRPGEN = 1), and the CIP-51
is executing in-line code that is writing values to SMBus Address Register (SFR “SMB0ADR”, located at
address 0xB9 on SFR Page 0x0F). The device is also using the SPI peripheral (SPI0) and the Programmable Counter Array (PCA0) peripheral to generate a PWM output. The PCA is timing a critical control function in its interrupt service routine, and so its associated ISR is set to high priority. At this point, the SFR
page is set to access the SMB0ADR SFR (SFRPAGE = 0x0F). See Figure 12.2.
SFR Page
Stack SFR's
0x0F
SFRPAGE
(SMB0ADR)
SFRNEXT
SFRLAST
Figure 12.2. SFR Page Stack While Using SFR Page 0x0 To Access SMB0ADR
While CIP-51 executes in-line code (writing a value to SMB0ADR in this example), the SPI0 Interrupt
occurs. The CIP-51 vectors to the SPI0 ISR and pushes the current SFR Page value (SFR Page 0x0F) into
SFRNEXT in the SFR Page Stack. The SFR page needed to access SPI0’s SFRs is then automatically
placed in the SFRPAGE register (SFR Page 0x00). SFRPAGE is considered the “top” of the SFR Page
Stack. Software can now access the SPI0 SFRs. Software may switch to any SFR Page by writing a new
value to the SFRPAGE register at any time during the SPI0 ISR to access SFRs that are not on SFR Page
0x00. See Figure 12.3.
Rev. 1.1
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C8051F54x
SFR Page 0x00
Automatically
pushed on stack in
SFRPAGE on SPI0
interrupt
0x00
SFRPAGE
SFRPAGE
pushed to
SFRNEXT
(SPI0)
0x0F
SFRNEXT
(SMB0ADR)
SFRLAST
Figure 12.3. SFR Page Stack After SPI0 Interrupt Occurs
While in the SPI0 ISR, a PCA interrupt occurs. Recall the PCA interrupt is configured as a high priority
interrupt, while the SPI0 interrupt is configured as a low priority interrupt. Thus, the CIP-51 will now vector
to the high priority PCA ISR. Upon doing so, the CIP-51 will automatically place the SFR page needed to
access the PCA’s special function registers into the SFRPAGE register, SFR Page 0x00. The value that
was in the SFRPAGE register before the PCA interrupt (SFR Page 0x00 for SPI00) is pushed down the
stack into SFRNEXT. Likewise, the value that was in the SFRNEXT register before the PCA interrupt (in
this case SFR Page 0x0F for SMB0ADR) is pushed down to the SFRLAST register, the “bottom” of the
stack. Note that a value stored in SFRLAST (via a previous software write to the SFRLAST register) will be
overwritten. See Figure 12.4.
92
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C8051F54x
SFR Page 0x00
Automatically
pushed on stack in
SFRPAGE on PCA
interrupt
0x00
SFRPAGE
SFRPAGE
pushed to
SFRNEXT
(PCA0)
0x00
SFRNEXT
SFRNEXT
pushed to
SFRLAST
(SPI0)
0x0F
SFRLAST
(SMB0ADR)
Figure 12.4. SFR Page Stack Upon PCA Interrupt Occurring During a SPI0 ISR
On exit from the PCA interrupt service routine, the CIP-51 will return to the SPI0 ISR. On execution of the
RETI instruction, SFR Page 0x00 used to access the PCA registers will be automatically popped off of the
SFR Page Stack, and the contents of the SFRNEXT register will be moved to the SFRPAGE register. Software in the SPI0 ISR can continue to access SFRs as it did prior to the PCA interrupt. Likewise, the contents of SFRLAST are moved to the SFRNEXT register. Recall this was the SFR Page value 0x0F being
used to access SMB0ADR before the SPI0 interrupt occurred. See Figure 12.5.
Rev. 1.1
93
C8051F54x
SFR Page 0x00
Automatically
popped off of the
stack on return from
interrupt
0x00
SFRPAGE
SFRNEXT
popped to
SFRPAGE
(SPI0)
0x0F
SFRNEXT
SFRLAST
popped to
SFRNEXT
(SMB0ADR)
SFRLAST
Figure 12.5. SFR Page Stack Upon Return From PCA Interrupt
On the execution of the RETI instruction in the SPI0 ISR, the value in SFRPAGE register is overwritten
with the contents of SFRNEXT. The CIP-51 may now access the SMB0ADR register as it did prior to the
interrupts occurring. See Figure 12.6.
94
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
SFR Page 0x00
Automatically
popped off of the
stack on return from
interrupt
0x0F
SFRPAGE
SFRNEXT
popped to
SFRPAGE
(SMB0ADR)
SFRNEXT
SFRLAST
Figure 12.6. SFR Page Stack Upon Return From SPI0 Interrupt
In the example above, all three bytes in the SFR Page Stack are accessible via the SFRPAGE, SFRNEXT,
and SFRLAST special function registers. If the stack is altered while servicing an interrupt, it is possible to
return to a different SFR Page upon interrupt exit than selected prior to the interrupt call. Direct access to
the SFR Page stack can be useful to enable real-time operating systems to control and manage context
switching between multiple tasks.
Push operations on the SFR Page Stack only occur on interrupt service, and pop operations only occur on
interrupt exit (execution on the RETI instruction). The automatic switching of the SFRPAGE and operation
of the SFR Page Stack as described above can be disabled in software by clearing the SFR Automatic
Page Enable Bit (SFRPGEN) in the SFR Page Control Register (SFR0CN). See SFR Definition 12.1.
Rev. 1.1
95
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 12.1. SFR0CN: SFR Page Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SFRPGEN
Name
Type
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
SFR Address = 0x84; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
7:1
0
Unused
Function
Read = 0000000b; Write = Don’t Care
SFRPGEN SFR Automatic Page Control Enable.
Upon interrupt, the C8051 Core will vector to the specified interrupt service routine
and automatically switch the SFR page to the corresponding peripheral or function’s
SFR page. This bit is used to control this autopaging function.
0: SFR Automatic Paging disabled. The C8051 core will not automatically change to
the appropriate SFR page (i.e., the SFR page that contains the SFRs for the peripheral/function that was the source of the interrupt).
1: SFR Automatic Paging enabled. Upon interrupt, the C8051 will switch the SFR
page to the page that contains the SFRs for the peripheral or function that is the
source of the interrupt.
96
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SFR Definition 12.2. SFRPAGE: SFR Page
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
SFRPAGE[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xA7; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
7:0
SFRPAGE[7:0]
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
SFR Page Bits.
Represents the SFR Page the C8051 core uses when reading or modifying
SFRs.
Write: Sets the SFR Page.
Read: Byte is the SFR page the C8051 core is using.
When enabled in the SFR Page Control Register (SFR0CN), the C8051 core will
automatically switch to the SFR Page that contains the SFRs of the corresponding peripheral/function that caused the interrupt, and return to the previous SFR
page upon return from interrupt (unless SFR Stack was altered before a returning from the interrupt). SFRPAGE is the top byte of the SFR Page Stack, and
push/pop events of this stack are caused by interrupts (and not by reading/writing to the SFRPAGE register)
Rev. 1.1
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C8051F54x
SFR Definition 12.3. SFRNEXT: SFR Next
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
SFRNEXT[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x85; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
7:0
SFRNEXT[7:0]
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
SFR Page Bits.
This is the value that will go to the SFR Page register upon a return from interrupt.
Write: Sets the SFR Page contained in the second byte of the SFR Stack. This
will cause the SFRPAGE SFR to have this SFR page value upon a return from
interrupt.
Read: Returns the value of the SFR page contained in the second byte of the
SFR stack.
SFR page context is retained upon interrupts/return from interrupts in a 3 byte
SFR Page Stack: SFRPAGE is the first entry, SFRNEXT is the second, and
SFRLAST is the third entry. The SFR stack bytes may be used alter the context
in the SFR Page Stack, and will not cause the stack to “push” or “pop”. Only
interrupts and return from interrupts cause pushes and pops of the SFR Page
Stack.
98
Rev. 1.1
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SFR Definition 12.4. SFRLAST: SFR Last
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
SFRLAST[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xA7; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
7:0
SFRLAST[7:0]
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
SFR Page Stack Bits.
This is the value that will go to the SFRNEXT register upon a return from interrupt.
Write: Sets the SFR Page in the last entry of the SFR Stack. This will cause the
SFRNEXT SFR to have this SFR page value upon a return from interrupt.
Read: Returns the value of the SFR page contained in the last entry of the SFR
stack.
SFR page context is retained upon interrupts/return from interrupts in a 3 byte
SFR Page Stack: SFRPAGE is the first entry, SFRNEXT is the second, and
SFRLAST is the third entry. The SFR stack bytes may be used alter the context
in the SFR Page Stack, and will not cause the stack to “push” or “pop”. Only
interrupts and return from interrupts cause pushes and pops of the SFR Page
Stack.
Rev. 1.1
99
C8051F54x
Page
Address
Table 12.1. Special Function Register (SFR) Memory Map for Pages 0x0 and 0xF
0(8)
1(9)
2(A)
3(B)
4(C)
5(D)
6(E)
7(F)
F8 0 SPI0CN
PCA0L
PCA0H PCA0CPL0 PCA0CPH0 PCACPL4 PCACPH4 VDM0CN
SN0
SN1
SN2
SN3
F
F0 0
B
P0MAT
P0MASK
P1MAT
P1MASK
EIP1
EIP2
P1MDIN
P2MDIN
P3MDIN
EIP1
EIP2
F (All Pages) P0MDIN
E8 0 ADC0CN PCA0CPL1 PCA0CPH1 PCA0CPL2 PCA0CPH2 PCA0CPL3 PCA0CPL3 RSTSRC
F
E0 0
ACC
EIE1
EIE2
XBR0
XBR1
CCH0CN
IT01CF
(All Pages) (All Pages)
F (All Pages)
D8 0 PCA0CN PCA0MD PCA0CPM0 PCA0CPM1 PCA0CPM2 PCA0CPM3 PCA0CPM4 PCA0CPM5
PCA0PWM
F
D0 0
PSW
REF0CN LIN0DATA LIN0ADDR
P0SKIP
P1SKIP
P2SKIP
P3SKIP
F (All Pages)
C8 0 TMR2CN REG0CN TMR2RLL TMR2RLH
TMR2L
TMR2H PCA0CPL5 PCA0CPH5
LIN0CF
F
C0 0 SMB0CN SMB0CF SMB0DAT ADC0GTL ADC0GTH ADC0LTL ADC0LTH
XBR2
F
B8 0
IP
ADC0TK
ADC0MX
ADC0CF
ADC0L
ADC0H
F (All Pages)
B0 0
P3
P2MAT
P2MASK
FLSCL
FLKEY
(All Pages) (All Pages)
F (All Pages)
A8 0
IE
SMOD0
EMI0CN
P3MAT
P3MASK
SBCON0
SBRLL0
SBRLH0 P3MDOUT
F (All Pages)
A0 0
P2
SPI0CFG SPI0CKR SPI0DAT
SFRPAGE
P0MDOUT P1MDOUT P2MDOUT (All Pages)
F (All Pages) OSCICN OSCICRS
98 0 SCON0
SBUF0
CPT0CN
CPT0MD
CPT0MX
CPT1CN
CPT1MD
CPT1MX
OSCIFIN OSCXCN
F
90 0
P1
TMR3CN TMR3RLL TMR3RLH
TMR3L
TMR3H
CLKMUL
F (All Pages)
88 0 TCON
TMOD
TL0
TL1
TH0
TH1
CKCON
PSCTL
F (All Pages) (All Pages) (All Pages) (All Pages) (All Pages) (All Pages) (All Pages) CLKSEL
80 0
P0
SP
DPL
DPH
SFRNEXT SFRLAST
PCON
F (All Pages) (All Pages) (All Pages) (All Pages) SFR0CN (All Pages) (All Pages) (All Pages)
0(8)
1(9)
2(A)
3(B)
4(C)
5(D)
6(E)
7(F)
(bit addressable)
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Table 12.2. Special Function Registers
SFRs are listed in alphabetical order. All undefined SFR locations are reserved
Register
Address
Description
Page
ACC
0xE0
Accumulator
82
ADC0CF
0xBC
ADC0 Configuration
40
ADC0CN
0xE8
ADC0 Control
42
ADC0GTH
0xC4
ADC0 Greater-Than Compare High
44
ADC0GTL
0xC3
ADC0 Greater-Than Compare Low
44
ADC0H
0xBE
ADC0 High
41
ADC0L
0xBD
ADC0 Low
41
ADC0LTH
0xC6
ADC0 Less-Than Compare Word High
45
ADC0LTL
0xC5
ADC0 Less-Than Compare Word Low
45
ADC0MX
0xBB
ADC0 Mux Configuration
59
ADC0TK
0xBA
ADC0 Tracking Mode Select
43
B
0xF0
B Register
82
CCH0CN
0xE3
Cache Control
125
CKCON
0x8E
Clock Control
228
CLKMUL
0x97
Clock Multiplier
141
CLKSEL
0x8F
Clock Select
136
CPT0CN
0x9A
Comparator0 Control
65
CPT0MD
0x9B
Comparator0 Mode Selection
66
CPT0MX
0x9C
Comparator0 MUX Selection
70
CPT1CN
0x9D
Comparator1 Control
65
CPT1MD
0x9E
Comparator1 Mode Selection
66
CPT1MX
0x9F
Comparator1 MUX Selection
70
DPH
0x83
Data Pointer High
81
DPL
0x82
Data Pointer Low
81
EIE1
0xE6
Extended Interrupt Enable 1
111
EIE2
0xE7
Extended Interrupt Enable 2
111
EIP1
0xF6
Extended Interrupt Priority 1
112
EIP2
0xF7
Extended Interrupt Priority 2
113
EMI0CN
0xAA
External Memory Interface Control
88
FLKEY
0xB7
Flash Lock and Key
123
FLSCL
0xB6
Flash Scale
124
IE
0xA8
Interrupt Enable
109
IP
0xB8
Interrupt Priority
110
IT01CF
0xE4
INT0/INT1 Configuration
116
LIN0ADR
0xD3
LIN0 Address
177
Rev. 1.1
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C8051F54x
Table 12.2. Special Function Registers (Continued)
SFRs are listed in alphabetical order. All undefined SFR locations are reserved
Register
Address
Description
Page
LIN0CF
0xC9
LIN0 Configuration
177
LIN0DAT
0xD2
LIN0 Data
178
OSCICN
0xA1
Internal Oscillator Control
138
OSCICRS
0xA2
Internal Oscillator Coarse Control
139
OSCIFIN
0x9E
Internal Oscillator Fine Calibration
139
OSCXCN
0x9F
External Oscillator Control
143
P0
0x80
Port 0 Latch
161
P0MASK
0xF2
Port 0 Mask Configuration
157
P0MAT
0xF1
Port 0 Match Configuration
157
P0MDIN
0xF1
Port 0 Input Mode Configuration
162
P0MDOUT
0xA4
Port 0 Output Mode Configuration
162
P0SKIP
0xD4
Port 0 Skip
163
P1
0x90
Port 1 Latch
163
P1MASK
0xF4
Port 1 Mask Configuration
158
P1MAT
0xF3
Port 1 Match Configuration
158
P1MDIN
0xF2
Port 1 Input Mode Configuration
164
P1MDOUT
0xA5
Port 1 Output Mode Configuration
164
P1SKIP
0xD5
Port 1 Skip
165
P2
0xA0
Port 2 Latch
165
P2MASK
0xB2
Port 2 Mask Configuration
159
P2MAT
0xB1
Port 2 Match Configuration
159
P2MDIN
0xF3
Port 2 Input Mode Configuration
166
P2MDOUT
0xA6
Port 2 Output Mode Configuration
166
P2SKIP
0xD6
Port 2 Skip
167
P3
0xB0
Port 3 Latch
167
P3MASK
0xAF
Port 3 Mask Configuration
160
P3MAT
0xAE
Port 3 Match Configuration
160
P3MDIN
0xF4
Port 3 Input Mode Configuration
168
P3MDOUT
0xAE
Port 3 Output Mode Configuration
168
P3SKIP
0xD7
Port 3 Skip
169
PCA0CN
0xD8
PCA Control
263
PCA0CPH0
0xFC
PCA Capture 0 High
268
PCA0CPH1
0xEA
PCA Capture 1 High
268
PCA0CPH2
0xEC
PCA Capture 2 High
268
PCA0CPH3
0xEE
PCA Capture 3 High
268
PCA0CPH4
0xFE
PCA Capture 4 High
268
102
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
Table 12.2. Special Function Registers (Continued)
SFRs are listed in alphabetical order. All undefined SFR locations are reserved
Register
Address
Description
Page
PCA0CPH5
0xCF
PCA Capture 5 High
268
PCA0CPL0
0xFB
PCA Capture 0 Low
268
PCA0CPL1
0xE9
PCA Capture 1 Low
268
PCA0CPL2
0xEB
PCA Capture 2 Low
268
PCA0CPL3
0xED
PCA Capture 3 Low
268
PCA0CPL4
0xFD
PCA Capture 4 Low
268
PCA0CPL5
0xCE
PCA Capture 5 Low
268
PCA0CPM0
0xDA
PCA Module 0 Mode Register
266
PCA0CPM1
0xDB
PCA Module 1 Mode Register
266
PCA0CPM2
0xDC
PCA Module 2 Mode Register
266
PCA0CPM3
0xDD
PCA Module 3 Mode Register
266
PCA0CPM4
0xDE
PCA Module 4 Mode Register
266
PCA0CPM5
0xDF
PCA Module 5 Mode Register
266
PCA0H
0xFA
PCA Counter High
267
PCA0L
0xF9
PCA Counter Low
267
PCA0MD
0xD9
PCA Mode
264
PCA0PWM
0xD9
PCA PWM Configuration
265
PCON
0x87
Power Control
128
PSCTL
0x8F
Program Store R/W Control
122
PSW
0xD0
Program Status Word
83
REF0CN
0xD1
Voltage Reference Control
62
REG0CN
0xC9
Voltage Regulator Control
73
RSTSRC
0xEF
Reset Source Configuration/Status
134
SBCON0
0xAB
UART0 Baud Rate Generator Control
212
SBRLH0
0xAD
UART0 Baud Rate Reload High Byte
213
SBRLL0
0xAC
UART0 Baud Rate Reload Low Byte
213
SBUF0
0x99
UART0 Data Buffer
212
SCON0
0x98
UART0 Control
210
SFR0CN
0x84
SFR Page Control
96
SFRLAST
0x86
SFR Stack Last Page
99
SFRNEXT
0x85
SFR Stack Next Page
98
SFRPAGE
0xA7
SFR Page Select
97
SMB0CF
0xC1
SMBus0 Configuration
193
SMB0CN
0xC0
SMBus0 Control
195
SMB0DAT
0xC2
SMBus0 Data
197
SMOD0
0xA9
UART0 Mode
211
Rev. 1.1
103
C8051F54x
Table 12.2. Special Function Registers (Continued)
SFRs are listed in alphabetical order. All undefined SFR locations are reserved
Register
Address
Description
Page
SN0
0xF9
Serial Number 0
84
SN1
0xFA
Serial Number 1
84
SN2
0xFB
Serial Number 2
84
SN3
0xFC
Serial Number 3
84
SP
0x81
Stack Pointer
82
SPI0CFG
0xA1
SPI0 Configuration
221
SPI0CKR
0xA2
SPI0 Clock Rate Control
223
SPI0CN
0xF8
SPI0 Control
222
SPI0DAT
0xA3
SPI0 Data
223
TCON
0x88
Timer/Counter Control
233
TH0
0x8C
Timer/Counter 0 High
236
TH1
0x8D
Timer/Counter 1 High
236
TL0
0x8A
Timer/Counter 0 Low
235
TL1
0x8B
Timer/Counter 1 Low
235
TMOD
0x89
Timer/Counter Mode
234
TMR2CN
0xC8
Timer/Counter 2 Control
240
TMR2H
0xCD
Timer/Counter 2 High
242
TMR2L
0xCC
Timer/Counter 2 Low
242
TMR2RLH
0xCB
Timer/Counter 2 Reload High
241
TMR2RLL
0xCA
Timer/Counter 2 Reload Low
241
TMR3CN
0x91
Timer/Counter 3 Control
246
TMR3H
0x95
Timer/Counter 3 High
248
TMR3L
0x94
Timer/Counter 3 Low
248
TMR3RLH
0x93
Timer/Counter 3 Reload High
247
TMR3RLL
0x92
Timer/Counter 3 Reload Low
247
VDM0CN
0xFF
VDD Monitor Control
132
XBR0
0xE1
Port I/O Crossbar Control 0
154
XBR1
0xE2
Port I/O Crossbar Control 1
155
XBR2
0xC7
Port I/O Crossbar Control 2
156
104
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
13. Interrupts
The C8051F54x devices include an extended interrupt system supporting a total of 14 interrupt sources
with two priority levels. The allocation of interrupt sources between on-chip peripherals and external inputs
pins varies according to the specific version of the device. Each interrupt source has one or more associated interrupt-pending flag(s) located in an SFR. When a peripheral or external source meets a valid interrupt condition, the associated interrupt-pending flag is set to logic 1.
If interrupts are enabled for the source, an interrupt request is generated when the interrupt-pending flag is
set. As soon as execution of the current instruction is complete, the CPU generates an LCALL to a predetermined address to begin execution of an interrupt service routine (ISR). Each ISR must end with an RETI
instruction, which returns program execution to the next instruction that would have been executed if the
interrupt request had not occurred. If interrupts are not enabled, the interrupt-pending flag is ignored by the
hardware and program execution continues as normal. (The interrupt-pending flag is set to logic 1 regardless of the interrupt's enable/disable state.)
Each interrupt source can be individually enabled or disabled through the use of an associated interrupt
enable bit in an SFR (IE, EIE1, or EIE2). However, interrupts must first be globally enabled by setting the
EA bit (IE.7) to logic 1 before the individual interrupt enables are recognized. Setting the EA bit to logic 0
disables all interrupt sources regardless of the individual interrupt-enable settings.
Note: Any instruction that clears a bit to disable an interrupt should be immediately followed by an instruction that has
two or more opcode bytes. Using EA (global interrupt enable) as an example:
// in 'C':
EA = 0; // clear EA bit.
EA = 0; // this is a dummy instruction with two-byte opcode.
; in assembly:
CLR EA ; clear EA bit.
CLR EA ; this is a dummy instruction with two-byte opcode.
For example, if an interrupt is posted during the execution phase of a "CLR EA" opcode (or any instruction
which clears a bit to disable an interrupt source), and the instruction is followed by a single-cycle instruction, the interrupt may be taken. However, a read of the enable bit will return a 0 inside the interrupt service
routine. When the bit-clearing opcode is followed by a multi-cycle instruction, the interrupt will not be taken.
Some interrupt-pending flags are automatically cleared by the hardware when the CPU vectors to the ISR.
However, most are not cleared by the hardware and must be cleared by software before returning from the
ISR. If an interrupt-pending flag remains set after the CPU completes the return-from-interrupt (RETI)
instruction, a new interrupt request will be generated immediately and the CPU will re-enter the ISR after
the completion of the next instruction.
13.1. MCU Interrupt Sources and Vectors
The C8051F54x MCUs support 17 interrupt sources. Software can simulate an interrupt by setting any
interrupt-pending flag to logic 1. If interrupts are enabled for the flag, an interrupt request will be generated
and the CPU will vector to the ISR address associated with the interrupt-pending flag. MCU interrupt
sources, associated vector addresses, priority order and control bits are summarized in Table 13.1. Refer
to the datasheet section associated with a particular on-chip peripheral for information regarding valid
interrupt conditions for the peripheral and the behavior of its interrupt-pending flag(s).
Rev. 1.1
105
C8051F54x
13.1.1. Interrupt Priorities
Each interrupt source can be individually programmed to one of two priority levels: low or high. A low priority interrupt service routine can be preempted by a high priority interrupt. A high priority interrupt cannot be
preempted. Each interrupt has an associated interrupt priority bit in an SFR (IE, EIP1, or EIP2) used to
configure its priority level. Low priority is the default. If two interrupts are recognized simultaneously, the
interrupt with the higher priority is serviced first. If both interrupts have the same priority level, a fixed priority order is used to arbitrate, given in Table 13.1.
13.1.2. Interrupt Latency
Interrupt response time depends on the state of the CPU when the interrupt occurs. Pending interrupts are
sampled and priority decoded each system clock cycle. Therefore, the fastest possible response time is 5
system clock cycles: 1 clock cycle to detect the interrupt and 4 clock cycles to complete the LCALL to the
ISR. If an interrupt is pending when a RETI is executed, a single instruction is executed before an LCALL
is made to service the pending interrupt. Therefore, the maximum response time for an interrupt (when no
other interrupt is currently being serviced or the new interrupt is of greater priority) occurs when the CPU is
performing an RETI instruction followed by a DIV as the next instruction. In this case, the response time is
18 system clock cycles: 1 clock cycle to detect the interrupt, 5 clock cycles to execute the RETI, 8 clock
cycles to complete the DIV instruction and 4 clock cycles to execute the LCALL to the ISR. If the CPU is
executing an ISR for an interrupt with equal or higher priority, the new interrupt will not be serviced until the
current ISR completes, including the RETI and following instruction.
106
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
Interrupt
Vector
Priority
Order
Pending Flag
Reset
0x0000
Top
None
External Interrupt 0
(INT0)
Timer 0 Overflow
External Interrupt 1
(INT1)
Timer 1 Overflow
UART0
0x0003
0
IE0 (TCON.1)
N/A N/A Always
Always
Enabled
Highest
Y
Y
EX0 (IE.0) PX0 (IP.0)
0x000B
0x0013
1
2
TF0 (TCON.5)
IE1 (TCON.3)
Y
Y
Y
Y
ET0 (IE.1) PT0 (IP.1)
EX1 (IE.2) PX1 (IP.2)
0x001B
0x0023
3
4
Y
Y
Y
N
ET1 (IE.3) PT1 (IP.3)
ES0 (IE.4) PS0 (IP.4)
Timer 2 Overflow
0x002B
5
Y
N
ET2 (IE.5) PT2 (IP.5)
SPI0
0x0033
6
Y
N
ESPI0
(IE.6)
PSPI0
(IP.6)
SMB0
0x003B
7
TF1 (TCON.7)
RI0 (SCON0.0)
TI0 (SCON0.1)
TF2H (TMR2CN.7)
TF2L (TMR2CN.6)
SPIF (SPI0CN.7)
WCOL (SPI0CN.6)
MODF (SPI0CN.5)
RXOVRN (SPI0CN.4)
SI (SMB0CN.0)
Y
N
ADC0 Window Compare
ADC0 Conversion
Complete
Programmable
Counter Array
0x0043
8
Y
N
0x004B
9
Y
N
0x0053
10
Y
N
PSMB0
(EIP1.0)
PWADC0
(EIP1.1)
PADC0
(EIP1.2)
PPCA0
(EIP1.3)
Comparator0
0x005B
11
N
N
Comparator1
0x0063
12
Timer 3 Overflow
0x006B
13
LIN0
0x0073
14
CF (PCA0CN.7)
CCFn (PCA0CN.n)
COVF (PCA0PWM.6)
CP0FIF (CPT0CN.4)
CP0RIF (CPT0CN.5)
CP1FIF (CPT1CN.4)
CP1RIF (CPT1CN.5)
TF3H (TMR3CN.7)
TF3L (TMR3CN.6)
LIN0INT (LINST.3)
ESMB0
(EIE1.0)
EWADC0
(EIE1.1)
EADC0
(EIE1.2)
EPCA0
(EIE1.3)
Voltage Regulator
Dropout
Port Match
0x007B
15
N/A
0x008B
17
None
AD0WINT
(ADC0CN.3)
AD0INT (ADC0CN.5)
Cleared by HW?
Interrupt Source
Bit addressable?
Table 13.1. Interrupt Summary
Enable
Flag
ECP0
(EIE1.4)
N
N
ECP1
(EIE1.5)
N
N
ET3
(EIE1.6)
N
N* ELIN0
(EIE1.7)
N/A N/A EREG0
(EIE2.0)
N/A N/A EMAT
(EIE2.2)
Priority
Control
PCP0
(EIP1.4)
PCP1
(EIP1.5)
PT3
(EIP1.6)
PLIN0
(EIP1.7)
PREG0
(EIP2.0)
PMAT
(EIP2.2)
*Note: The LIN0INT bit is cleared by setting RSTINT (LINCTRL.3)
Rev. 1.1
107
C8051F54x
13.2. Interrupt Register Descriptions
The SFRs used to enable the interrupt sources and set their priority level are described in this section.
Refer to the data sheet section associated with a particular on-chip peripheral for information regarding
valid interrupt conditions for the peripheral and the behavior of its interrupt-pending flag(s).
108
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 13.1. IE: Interrupt Enable
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
EA
ESPI0
ET2
ES0
ET1
EX1
ET0
EX0
Type
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xA8; Bit-Addressable; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
Function
7
EA
Enable All Interrupts.
Globally enables/disables all interrupts. It overrides individual interrupt mask settings.
0: Disable all interrupt sources.
1: Enable each interrupt according to its individual mask setting.
6
ESPI0
5
ET2
Enable Timer 2 Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the Timer 2 interrupt.
0: Disable Timer 2 interrupt.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the TF2L or TF2H flags.
4
ES0
Enable UART0 Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the UART0 interrupt.
0: Disable UART0 interrupt.
1: Enable UART0 interrupt.
3
ET1
Enable Timer 1 Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the Timer 1 interrupt.
0: Disable all Timer 1 interrupt.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the TF1 flag.
2
EX1
Enable External Interrupt 1.
This bit sets the masking of External Interrupt 1.
0: Disable external interrupt 1.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the INT1 input.
1
ET0
Enable Timer 0 Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the Timer 0 interrupt.
0: Disable all Timer 0 interrupt.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the TF0 flag.
0
EX0
Enable External Interrupt 0.
This bit sets the masking of External Interrupt 0.
0: Disable external interrupt 0.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the INT0 input.
Enable Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI0) Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the SPI0 interrupts.
0: Disable all SPI0 interrupts.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by SPI0.
Rev. 1.1
109
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 13.2. IP: Interrupt Priority
Bit
7
Name
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PSPI0
PT2
PS0
PT1
PX1
PT0
PX0
Type
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xB8; Bit-Addressable; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
Function
7
Unused
6
PSPI0
5
PT2
Timer 2 Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the Timer 2 interrupt.
0: Timer 2 interrupt set to low priority level.
1: Timer 2 interrupt set to high priority level.
4
PS0
UART0 Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the UART0 interrupt.
0: UART0 interrupt set to low priority level.
1: UART0 interrupt set to high priority level.
3
PT1
Timer 1 Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the Timer 1 interrupt.
0: Timer 1 interrupt set to low priority level.
1: Timer 1 interrupt set to high priority level.
2
PX1
External Interrupt 1 Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the External Interrupt 1 interrupt.
0: External Interrupt 1 set to low priority level.
1: External Interrupt 1 set to high priority level.
1
PT0
Timer 0 Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the Timer 0 interrupt.
0: Timer 0 interrupt set to low priority level.
1: Timer 0 interrupt set to high priority level.
0
PX0
External Interrupt 0 Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the External Interrupt 0 interrupt.
0: External Interrupt 0 set to low priority level.
1: External Interrupt 0 set to high priority level.
110
Read = 1b, Write = Don't Care.
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI0) Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the SPI0 interrupt.
0: SPI0 interrupt set to low priority level.
1: SPI0 interrupt set to high priority level.
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 13.3. EIE1: Extended Interrupt Enable 1
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
ELIN0
ET3
ECP1
ECP0
EPCA0
EADC0
EWADC0
ESMB0
Type
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xE6; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
Function
7
ELIN0
6
ET3
5
ECP1
Enable Comparator1 (CP1) Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the CP1 interrupt.
0: Disable CP1 interrupts.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the CP1RIF or CP1FIF flags.
4
ECP0
Enable Comparator0 (CP0) Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the CP0 interrupt.
0: Disable CP0 interrupts.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the CP0RIF or CP0FIF flags.
3
EPCA0
Enable Programmable Counter Array (PCA0) Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the PCA0 interrupts.
0: Disable all PCA0 interrupts.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by PCA0.
2
EADC0
Enable ADC0 Conversion Complete Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the ADC0 Conversion Complete interrupt.
0: Disable ADC0 Conversion Complete interrupt.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the AD0INT flag.
1
0
Enable LIN0 Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the LIN0 interrupt.
0: Disable LIN0 interrupts.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the LIN0INT flag.
Enable Timer 3 Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the Timer 3 interrupt.
0: Disable Timer 3 interrupts.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by the TF3L or TF3H flags.
EWADC0 Enable Window Comparison ADC0 Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of ADC0 Window Comparison interrupt.
0: Disable ADC0 Window Comparison interrupt.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by ADC0 Window Compare flag (AD0WINT).
ESMB0
Enable SMBus (SMB0) Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the SMB0 interrupt.
0: Disable all SMB0 interrupts.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by SMB0.
Rev. 1.1
111
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 13.4. EIP1: Extended Interrupt Priority 1
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
PLIN0
PT3
PCP1
PCP0
PPCA0
PADC0
PWADC0
PSMB0
Type
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xF6; SFR Page = 0x00 and 0x0F
Bit
Name
Function
7
PLIN0
6
PT3
Timer 3 Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the Timer 3 interrupt.
0: Timer 3 interrupts set to low priority level.
1: Timer 3 interrupts set to high priority level.
5
PCP1
Comparator0 (CP1) Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the CP1 interrupt.
0: CP1 interrupt set to low priority level.
1: CP1 interrupt set to high priority level.
4
PCP0
Comparator0 (CP0) Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the CP0 interrupt.
0: CP0 interrupt set to low priority level.
1: CP0 interrupt set to high priority level.
3
PPCA0
Programmable Counter Array (PCA0) Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the PCA0 interrupt.
0: PCA0 interrupt set to low priority level.
1: PCA0 interrupt set to high priority level.
2
PADC0
ADC0 Conversion Complete Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the ADC0 Conversion Complete interrupt.
0: ADC0 Conversion Complete interrupt set to low priority level.
1: ADC0 Conversion Complete interrupt set to high priority level.
1
0
112
LIN0 Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the LIN0 interrupt.
0: LIN0 interrupts set to low priority level.
1: LIN0 interrupts set to high priority level.
PWADC0 ADC0 Window Comparator Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the ADC0 Window interrupt.
0: ADC0 Window interrupt set to low priority level.
1: ADC0 Window interrupt set to high priority level.
PSMB0
SMBus (SMB0) Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the SMB0 interrupt.
0: SMB0 interrupt set to low priority level.
1: SMB0 interrupt set to high priority level.
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 13.5. EIE2: Extended Interrupt Enable 2
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
EMAT
Name
0
EREG0
Type
R
R
R
R
R
R/W
R
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xE7; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
Function
7:3
Unused
Read = 00000b; Write = Don’t Care.
2
EMAT
1
Unused
Read = 0b; Write = Don’t Care.
0
EREG0
Enable Voltage Regulator Dropout Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the Voltage Regulator Dropout interrupt.
0: Disable the Voltage Regulator Dropout interrupt.
1: Enable the Voltage Regulator Dropout interrupt.
Enable Port Match Interrupt.
This bit sets the masking of the Port Match interrupt.
0: Disable all Port Match interrupts.
1: Enable interrupt requests generated by a Port Match
Rev. 1.1
113
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 13.6. EIP2: Extended Interrupt Priority Enabled 2
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
PMAT
Name
0
PREG0
Type
R
R
R
R
R
R/W
R
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xF7; SFR Page = 0x00 and 0x0F
Bit
Name
Function
7:3
Unused
2
PMAT
1
Unused
Read = 0b; Write = Don’t Care.
0
PREG0
Voltage Regulator Dropout Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the Voltage Regulator Dropout interrupt.
0: Voltage Regulator Dropout interrupt set to low priority level.
1: Voltage Regulator Dropout interrupt set to high priority level.
114
Read = 00000b; Write = Don’t Care.
Port Match Interrupt Priority Control.
This bit sets the priority of the Port Match interrupt.
0: Port Match interrupt set to low priority level.
1: Port Match interrupt set to high priority level.
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
13.3. External Interrupts INT0 and INT1
The INT0 and INT1 external interrupt sources are configurable as active high or low, edge or level sensitive. The IN0PL (INT0 Polarity) and IN1PL (INT1 Polarity) bits in the IT01CF register select active high or
active low; the IT0 and IT1 bits in TCON (Section “23.1. Timer 0 and Timer 1” on page 229) select level or
edge sensitive. The table below lists the possible configurations.
IT0
IN0PL
INT0 Interrupt
IT1
IN1PL
INT1 Interrupt
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
Active low, edge sensitive
Active high, edge sensitive
Active low, level sensitive
Active high, level sensitive
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
Active low, edge sensitive
Active high, edge sensitive
Active low, level sensitive
Active high, level sensitive
INT0 and INT1 are assigned to Port pins as defined in the IT01CF register (see SFR Definition 13.7). Note
that INT0 and INT0 Port pin assignments are independent of any Crossbar assignments. INT0 and INT1
will monitor their assigned Port pins without disturbing the peripheral that was assigned the Port pin via the
Crossbar. To assign a Port pin only to INT0 and/or INT1, configure the Crossbar to skip the selected pin(s).
This is accomplished by setting the associated bit in register XBR0 (see Section “18.3. Priority Crossbar
Decoder” on page 150 for complete details on configuring the Crossbar).
IE0 (TCON.1) and IE1 (TCON.3) serve as the interrupt-pending flags for the INT0 and INT1 external interrupts, respectively. If an INT0 or INT1 external interrupt is configured as edge-sensitive, the corresponding
interrupt-pending flag is automatically cleared by the hardware when the CPU vectors to the ISR. When
configured as level sensitive, the interrupt-pending flag remains logic 1 while the input is active as defined
by the corresponding polarity bit (IN0PL or IN1PL); the flag remains logic 0 while the input is inactive. The
external interrupt source must hold the input active until the interrupt request is recognized. It must then
deactivate the interrupt request before execution of the ISR completes or another interrupt request will be
generated.
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SFR Definition 13.7. IT01CF: INT0/INT1 Configuration
Bit
7
6
Name
IN1PL
IN1SL[2:0]
IN0PL
IN0SL[2:0]
Type
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
5
0
4
0
SFR Address = 0xE4; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
7
6:4
3
2:0
116
IN1PL
3
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
Function
INT1 Polarity.
0: INT1 input is active low.
1: INT1 input is active high.
IN1SL[2:0] INT1 Port Pin Selection Bits.
These bits select which Port pin is assigned to INT1. Note that this pin assignment is
independent of the Crossbar; INT1 will monitor the assigned Port pin without disturbing the peripheral that has been assigned the Port pin via the Crossbar. The Crossbar
will not assign the Port pin to a peripheral if it is configured to skip the selected pin.
000: Select P1.0
001: Select P1.1
010: Select P1.2
011: Select P1.3
100: Select P1.4
101: Select P1.5
110: Select P1.6
111: Select P1.7
IN0PL
INT0 Polarity.
0: INT0 input is active low.
1: INT0 input is active high.
IN0SL[2:0] INT0 Port Pin Selection Bits.
These bits select which Port pin is assigned to INT0. Note that this pin assignment is
independent of the Crossbar; INT0 will monitor the assigned Port pin without disturbing the peripheral that has been assigned the Port pin via the Crossbar. The Crossbar
will not assign the Port pin to a peripheral if it is configured to skip the selected pin.
000: Select P1.0
001: Select P1.1
010: Select P1.2
011: Select P1.3
100: Select P1.4
101: Select P1.5
110: Select P1.6
111: Select P1.7
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14. Flash Memory
On-chip, re-programmable Flash memory is included for program code and non-volatile data storage. The
Flash memory can be programmed in-system, a single byte at a time, through the C2 interface or by software using the MOVX instruction. Once cleared to logic 0, a Flash bit must be erased to set it back to
logic 1. Flash bytes would typically be erased (set to 0xFF) before being reprogrammed. The write and
erase operations are automatically timed by hardware for proper execution; data polling to determine the
end of the write/erase operation is not required. Code execution is stalled during a Flash write/erase operation. Refer to Table 6.5 for complete Flash memory electrical characteristics.
14.1. Programming the Flash Memory
The simplest means of programming the Flash memory is through the C2 interface using programming
tools provided by Silicon Labs or a third party vendor. This is the only means for programming a non-initialized device. For details on the C2 commands to program Flash memory, see Section “25. C2 Interface” on
page 269.
To ensure the integrity of Flash contents, it is strongly recommended that the on-chip VDD Monitor be
enabled in any system that includes code that writes and/or erases Flash memory from software. See Section 14.4 for more details. Before performing any Flash write or erase procedure, set the FLEWT bit in
Flash Scale register (FLSCL) to ‘1’. Also, note that 8-bit MOVX instructions cannot be used to erase or
write to Flash memory at addresses higher than 0x00FF
14.1.1. Flash Lock and Key Functions
Flash writes and erases by user software are protected with a lock and key function. The Flash Lock and
Key Register (FLKEY) must be written with the correct key codes, in sequence, before Flash operations
may be performed. The key codes are: 0xA5, 0xF1. The timing does not matter, but the codes must be
written in order. If the key codes are written out of order, or the wrong codes are written, Flash writes and
erases will be disabled until the next system reset. Flash writes and erases will also be disabled if a Flash
write or erase is attempted before the key codes have been written properly. The Flash lock resets after
each write or erase; the key codes must be written again before a following Flash operation can be performed. The FLKEY register is detailed in SFR Definition 14.2.
14.1.2. Flash Erase Procedure
The Flash memory can be programmed by software using the MOVX write instruction with the address and
data byte to be programmed provided as normal operands. Before writing to Flash memory using MOVX,
Flash write operations must be enabled by doing the following: (1) setting the PSWE Program Store Write
Enable bit (PSCTL.0) to logic 1 (this directs the MOVX writes to target Flash memory); and (2) Writing the
Flash key codes in sequence to the Flash Lock register (FLKEY). The PSWE bit remains set until cleared
by software.
A write to Flash memory can clear bits to logic 0 but cannot set them; only an erase operation can set bits
to logic 1 in Flash. A byte location to be programmed should be erased before a new value is written.
The Flash memory is organized in 512-byte pages. The erase operation applies to an entire page (setting
all bytes in the page to 0xFF). To erase an entire 512-byte page, perform the following steps:
1. Disable interrupts (recommended).
2. Set the PSEE bit (register PSCTL).
3. Set the PSWE bit (register PSCTL).
4. Write the first key code to FLKEY: 0xA5.
5. Write the second key code to FLKEY: 0xF1.
6. Using the MOVX instruction, write a data byte to any location within the 512-byte page to be erased.
7. Clear the PSWE and PSEE bits.
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14.1.3. Flash Write Procedure
Flash bytes are programmed by software with the following sequence:
1. Disable interrupts (recommended).
2. Erase the 512-byte Flash page containing the target location, as described in Section 14.1.2.
3. Set the PSWE bit (register PSCTL).
4. Clear the PSEE bit (register PSCTL).
5. Write the first key code to FLKEY: 0xA5.
6. Write the second key code to FLKEY: 0xF1.
7. Using the MOVX instruction, write a single data byte to the desired location within the 512-byte sector.
8. Clear the PSWE bit.
Steps 5–7 must be repeated for each byte to be written. After Flash writes are complete, PSWE should be
cleared so that MOVX instructions do not target program memory.
14.1.4. Flash Write Optimization
The Flash write procedure includes a block write option to optimize the time to perform consecutive byte
writes. When block write is enabled by setting the CHBLKW bit (CCH0CN.0), writes to two consecutive
bytes in Flash require the same amount of time as a single byte write. This is performed by caching the first
byte that is written to Flash and then committing both bytes to Flash when the second byte is written. When
block writes are enabled, if the second write does not occur, the first data byte written is not actually written
to Flash. Flash bytes with block write enabled are programmed by software with the following sequence:
1. Disable interrupts (recommended).
2. Erase the 512-byte Flash page containing the target location, as described in Section 14.1.2.
3. Set the CHBLKW bit (register CCH0CN).
4. Set the PSWE bit (register PSCTL).
5. Clear the PSEE bit (register PSCTL).
6. Write the first key code to FLKEY: 0xA5.
7. Write the second key code to FLKEY: 0xF1.
8. Using the MOVX instruction, write the first data byte to the desired location within the 512-byte sector.
9. Write the first key code to FLKEY: 0xA5.
10.Write the second key code to FLKEY: 0xF1.
11. Using the MOVX instruction, write the second data byte to the desired location within the 512-byte
sector. The location of the second byte must be the next higher address from the first data byte.
12.Clear the PSWE bit.
13.Clear the CHBLKW bit.
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14.2. Non-volatile Data Storage
The Flash memory can be used for non-volatile data storage as well as program code. This allows data
such as calibration coefficients to be calculated and stored at run time. Data is written using the MOVX
write instruction and read using the MOVC instruction. Note: MOVX read instructions always target XRAM.
14.3. Security Options
The CIP-51 provides security options to protect the Flash memory from inadvertent modification by software as well as to prevent the viewing of proprietary program code and constants. The Program Store
Write Enable (bit PSWE in register PSCTL) and the Program Store Erase Enable (bit PSEE in register
PSCTL) bits protect the Flash memory from accidental modification by software. PSWE must be explicitly
set to 1 before software can modify the Flash memory; both PSWE and PSEE must be set to 1 before software can erase Flash memory. Additional security features prevent proprietary program code and data
constants from being read or altered across the C2 interface.
A Security Lock Byte located at the last byte of Flash user space offers protection of the Flash program
memory from access (reads, writes, or erases) by unprotected code or the C2 interface. The Flash security
mechanism allows the user to lock n 512-byte Flash pages, starting at page 0 (addresses 0x0000 to
0x01FF), where n is the ones complement number represented by the Security Lock Byte. Note that the
page containing the Flash Security Lock Byte is unlocked when no other Flash pages are locked
(all bits of the Lock Byte are 1) and locked when any other Flash pages are locked (any bit of the
Lock Byte is 0). See example in Figure 14.1.
Reserved Area
Locked when
any other FLASH
pages are locked
Lock Byte
Lock Byte Page
Unlocked FLASH Pages
Access limit set
according to the
FLASH security
lock byte
Locked Flash Pages
Security Lock Byte:
1s Complement:
Flash pages locked:
11111101b
00000010b
3 (First two Flash pages + Lock Byte Page)
Figure 14.1. Flash Program Memory Map
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The level of Flash security depends on the Flash access method. The three Flash access methods that
can be restricted are reads, writes, and erases from the C2 debug interface, user firmware executing on
unlocked pages, and user firmware executing on locked pages. Table 14.1 summarizes the Flash security
features of the C8051F54x devices.
Table 14.1. Flash Security Summary
Action
C2 Debug
Interface
User Firmware executing from:
an unlocked page
a locked page
Permitted
Permitted
Permitted
Not Permitted
Flash Error Reset
Permitted
Read or Write page containing Lock Byte
(if no pages are locked)
Permitted
Permitted
Permitted
Read or Write page containing Lock Byte
(if any page is locked)
Not Permitted
Flash Error Reset
Permitted
Read contents of Lock Byte
(if no pages are locked)
Permitted
Permitted
Permitted
Read contents of Lock Byte
(if any page is locked)
Not Permitted
Flash Error Reset
Permitted
Read, Write or Erase unlocked pages
(except page with Lock Byte)
Read, Write or Erase locked pages
(except page with Lock Byte)
Permitted
Flash Error Reset Flash Error Reset
C2 Device
Erase Only
Flash Error Reset Flash Error Reset
Lock additional pages
(change 1s to 0s in the Lock Byte)
Not Permitted
Flash Error Reset Flash Error Reset
Unlock individual pages
(change 0s to 1s in the Lock Byte)
Not Permitted
Flash Error Reset Flash Error Reset
Read, Write or Erase Reserved Area
Not Permitted
Erase page containing Lock Byte
(if no pages are locked)
Erase page containing Lock Byte—Unlock all
pages (if any page is locked)
See note
See note
Note: Flash Reads will return indeterminate data. Flash Writes and Erases are ignored.
C2 Device Erase—Erases all Flash pages including the page containing the Lock Byte.
Flash Error Reset—Not permitted; Causes Flash Error Device Reset (FERROR bit in RSTSRC is 1 after
reset).
- All prohibited operations that are performed via the C2 interface are ignored (do not cause device reset).
- Locking any Flash page also locks the page containing the Lock Byte.
- Once written to, the Lock Byte cannot be modified except by performing a C2 Device Erase.
- If user code writes to the Lock Byte, the Lock does not take effect until the next device reset.
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14.4. Flash Write and Erase Guidelines
Any system which contains routines which write or erase Flash memory from software involves some risk
that the write or erase routines will execute unintentionally if the CPU is operating outside its specified
operating range of VDD, system clock frequency, or temperature. This accidental execution of Flash modifying code can result in alteration of Flash memory contents causing a system failure that is only recoverable by re-Flashing the code in the device.
The following guidelines are recommended for any system which contains routines which write or erase
Flash from code.
14.4.1. VDD Maintenance and the VDD monitor
1. If the system power supply is subject to voltage or current "spikes," add sufficient transient protection
devices to the power supply to ensure that the supply voltages listed in the Absolute Maximum Ratings
table are not exceeded.
2. Enable the on-chip VDD monitor and enable the VDD monitor as a reset source as early in code as
possible. This should be the first set of instructions executed after the Reset Vector. For C-based
systems, this will involve modifying the startup code added by the C compiler. See your compiler
documentation for more details. Make certain that there are no delays in software between enabling the
VDD monitor and enabling the VDD monitor as a reset source. Code examples showing this can be
found in “AN201: Writing to Flash from Firmware", available from the Silicon Laboratories web site.
3. As an added precaution, explicitly enable the VDD monitor and enable the VDD monitor as a reset
source inside the functions that write and erase Flash memory. The VDD monitor enable instructions
should be placed just after the instruction to set PSWE to a 1, but before the Flash write or erase
operation instruction.
4. Make certain that all writes to the RSTSRC (Reset Sources) register use direct assignment operators
and explicitly DO NOT use the bit-wise operators (such as AND or OR). For example, "RSTSRC =
0x02" is correct. "RSTSRC |= 0x02" is incorrect.
5. Make certain that all writes to the RSTSRC register explicitly set the PORSF bit to a 1. Areas to check
are initialization code which enables other reset sources, such as the Missing Clock Detector or
Comparator, for example, and instructions which force a Software Reset. A global search on "RSTSRC"
can quickly verify this.
14.4.2. PSWE Maintenance
1. Reduce the number of places in code where the PSWE bit (b0 in PSCTL) is set to a 1. There should be
exactly one routine in code that sets PSWE to a 1 to write Flash bytes and one routine in code that sets
PSWE and PSEE both to a 1 to erase Flash pages.
2. Minimize the number of variable accesses while PSWE is set to a 1. Handle pointer address updates
and loop variable maintenance outside the "PSWE = 1;... PSWE = 0;" area. Code examples showing
this can be found in ”AN201: Writing to Flash from Firmware" available from the Silicon Laboratories
web site.
3. Disable interrupts prior to setting PSWE to a 1 and leave them disabled until after PSWE has been
reset to '0'. Any interrupts posted during the Flash write or erase operation will be serviced in priority
order after the Flash operation has been completed and interrupts have been re-enabled by software.
4. Make certain that the Flash write and erase pointer variables are not located in XRAM. See your
compiler documentation for instructions regarding how to explicitly locate variables in different memory
areas.
5. Add address bounds checking to the routines that write or erase Flash memory to ensure that a routine
called with an illegal address does not result in modification of the Flash.
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14.4.3. System Clock
1. If operating from an external crystal, be advised that crystal performance is susceptible to electrical
interference and is sensitive to layout and to changes in temperature. If the system is operating in an
electrically noisy environment, use the internal oscillator or use an external CMOS clock.
2. If operating from the external oscillator, switch to the internal oscillator during Flash write or erase
operations. The external oscillator can continue to run, and the CPU can switch back to the external
oscillator after the Flash operation has completed.
Additional Flash recommendations and example code can be found in ”AN201: Writing to Flash from Firmware" available from the Silicon Laboratories web site.
SFR Definition 14.1. PSCTL: Program Store R/W Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
Name
1
0
PSEE
PSWE
Type
R
R
R
R
R
R
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x8F; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7:2
Unused
1
PSEE
Function
Read = 000000b, Write = don’t care.
Program Store Erase Enable.
Setting this bit (in combination with PSWE) allows an entire page of Flash program
memory to be erased. If this bit is logic 1 and Flash writes are enabled (PSWE is logic
1), a write to Flash memory using the MOVX instruction will erase the entire page that
contains the location addressed by the MOVX instruction. The value of the data byte
written does not matter.
0: Flash program memory erasure disabled.
1: Flash program memory erasure enabled.
0
PSWE
Program Store Write Enable.
Setting this bit allows writing a byte of data to the Flash program memory using the
MOVX write instruction. The Flash location should be erased before writing data.
0: Writes to Flash program memory disabled.
1: Writes to Flash program memory enabled; the MOVX write instruction targets Flash
memory.
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SFR Definition 14.2. FLKEY: Flash Lock and Key
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
FLKEY[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xB7; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
7:0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
FLKEY[7:0] Flash Lock and Key Register.
Write:
This register provides a lock and key function for Flash erasures and writes. Flash
writes and erases are enabled by writing 0xA5 followed by 0xF1 to the FLKEY register. Flash writes and erases are automatically disabled after the next write or erase is
complete. If any writes to FLKEY are performed incorrectly, or if a Flash write or erase
operation is attempted while these operations are disabled, the Flash will be permanently locked from writes or erasures until the next device reset. If an application
never writes to Flash, it can intentionally lock the Flash by writing a non-0xA5 value to
FLKEY from software.
Read:
When read, bits 1–0 indicate the current Flash lock state.
00: Flash is write/erase locked.
01: The first key code has been written (0xA5).
10: Flash is unlocked (writes/erases allowed).
11: Flash writes/erases disabled until the next reset.
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SFR Definition 14.3. FLSCL: Flash Scale
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
FLRT
Reserved
Reserved
FLEWT
Reserved
Type
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xB6; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
7:5
Reserved
4
FLRT
Function
Must Write 000b.
Flash Read Time Control.
This bit should be programmed to the smallest allowed value, according to the system
clock speed.
0: SYSCLK < 25 MHz (Flash read strobe is one system clock).
1: SYSCLK > 25 MHz (Flash read strobe is two system clocks).
3:2
Reserved
1
FLEWT
Must Write 00b.
Flash Erase Write Time Control.
This bit should be set to 1b before Writing or Erasing Flash.
0: Short Flash Erase / Write Timing.
1: Extended Flash Erase / Write Timing.
0
124
Reserved
Must Write 0b.
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SFR Definition 14.4. CCH0CN: Cache Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
Reserved
Reserved
CHPFEN
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
CHBLKW
Type
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
SFR Address = 0xE3; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
Function
7:6
Reserved
Must Write 00b
5
CHPFEN
Cache Prefect Enable Bit.
0: Prefetch engine is disabled.
1: Prefetch engine is enabled.
4:1
Reserved
Must Write 0000b.
0
CHBLKW
Block Write Enable Bit.
This bit allows block writes to Flash memory from firmware.
0: Each byte of a software Flash write is written individually.
1: Flash bytes are written in groups of two.
SFR Definition 14.5. ONESHOT: Flash Oneshot Period
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
2
PERIOD[3:0]
Type
R
R
R
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xBE; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
7:4
3:0
Unused
Function
Read = 0000b. Write = don’t care.
PERIOD[3:0] Oneshot Period Control Bits.
These bits limit the internal Flash read strobe width as follows. When the Flash read
strobe is de-asserted, the Flash memory enters a low-power state for the remainder
of the system clock cycle.
FLASH RDMAX = 5ns + ( PERIOD × 5ns )
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15. Power Management Modes
The C8051F54x devices have three software programmable power management modes: Idle, Stop, and
Suspend. Idle mode and Stop mode are part of the standard 8051 architecture, while Suspend mode is an
enhanced power-saving mode implemented by the high-speed oscillator peripheral.
Idle mode halts the CPU while leaving the peripherals and clocks active. In Stop mode, the CPU is halted,
all interrupts and timers (except the Missing Clock Detector) are inactive, and the internal oscillator is
stopped (analog peripherals remain in their selected states; the external oscillator is not affected). Suspend mode is similar to Stop mode in that the internal oscillator and CPU are halted, but the device can
wake on events such as a Port Match or Comparator low output. Since clocks are running in Idle mode,
power consumption is dependent upon the system clock frequency and the number of peripherals left in
active mode before entering Idle. Stop mode and Suspend mode consume the least power because the
majority of the device is shut down with no clocks active. SFR Definition 15.1 describes the Power Control
Register (PCON) used to control the C8051F54x devices’ Stop and Idle power management modes. Suspend mode is controlled by the SUSPEND bit in the OSCICN register (SFR Definition 17.2).
Although the C8051F54x has Idle, Stop, and Suspend modes available, more control over the device
power can be achieved by enabling/disabling individual peripherals as needed. Each analog peripheral
can be disabled when not in use and placed in low power mode. Digital peripherals, such as timers or
serial buses, draw little power when they are not in use. Turning off oscillators lowers power consumption
considerably, at the expense of reduced functionality.
15.1. Idle Mode
Setting the Idle Mode Select bit (PCON.0) causes the hardware to halt the CPU and enter Idle mode as
soon as the instruction that sets the bit completes execution. All internal registers and memory maintain
their original data. All analog and digital peripherals can remain active during Idle mode.
Idle mode is terminated when an enabled interrupt is asserted or a reset occurs. The assertion of an
enabled interrupt will cause the Idle Mode Selection bit (PCON.0) to be cleared and the CPU to resume
operation. The pending interrupt will be serviced and the next instruction to be executed after the return
from interrupt (RETI) will be the instruction immediately following the one that set the Idle Mode Select bit.
If Idle mode is terminated by an internal or external reset, the CIP-51 performs a normal reset sequence
and begins program execution at address 0x0000.
Note: If the instruction following the write of the IDLE bit is a single-byte instruction and an interrupt occurs
during the execution phase of the instruction that sets the IDLE bit, the CPU may not wake from Idle mode
when a future interrupt occurs. Therefore, instructions that set the IDLE bit should be followed by an
instruction that has two or more opcode bytes, for example:
// in ‘C’:
PCON |= 0x01;
PCON = PCON;
// set IDLE bit
// ... followed by a 3-cycle dummy instruction
; in assembly:
ORL PCON, #01h
MOV PCON, PCON
; set IDLE bit
; ... followed by a 3-cycle dummy instruction
If enabled, the Watchdog Timer (WDT) will eventually cause an internal watchdog reset and thereby terminate the Idle mode. This feature protects the system from an unintended permanent shutdown in the event
of an inadvertent write to the PCON register. If this behavior is not desired, the WDT may be disabled by
software prior to entering the Idle mode if the WDT was initially configured to allow this operation. This provides the opportunity for additional power savings, allowing the system to remain in the Idle mode indefinitely, waiting for an external stimulus to wake up the system. Refer to Section “16.6. PCA Watchdog Timer
Reset” on page 133 for more information on the use and configuration of the WDT.
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15.2. Stop Mode
Setting the Stop Mode Select bit (PCON.1) causes the controller core to enter Stop mode as soon as the
instruction that sets the bit completes execution. In Stop mode the internal oscillator, CPU, and all digital
peripherals are stopped; the state of the external oscillator circuit is not affected. Each analog peripheral
(including the external oscillator circuit) may be shut down individually prior to entering Stop Mode. Stop
mode can only be terminated by an internal or external reset. On reset, the device performs the normal
reset sequence and begins program execution at address 0x0000.
If enabled, the Missing Clock Detector will cause an internal reset and thereby terminate the Stop mode.
The Missing Clock Detector should be disabled if the CPU is to be put to in STOP mode for longer than the
MCD timeout of 100 µs.
15.3. Suspend Mode
Setting the SUSPEND bit (OSCICN.5) causes the hardware to halt the CPU and the high-frequency internal oscillator, and go into Suspend mode as soon as the instruction that sets the bit completes execution.
All internal registers and memory maintain their original data. Most digital peripherals are not active in Suspend mode. The exception to this is the Port Match feature.
Suspend mode can be terminated by three types of events, a port match (described in Section “18.5. Port
Match” on page 157), a Comparator low output (if enabled), or a device reset event. When Suspend mode
is terminated, the device will continue execution on the instruction following the one that set the SUSPEND
bit. If the wake event was configured to generate an interrupt, the interrupt will be serviced upon waking
the device. If Suspend mode is terminated by an internal or external reset, the CIP-51 performs a normal
reset sequence and begins program execution at address 0x0000.
Note: When entering Suspend mode, firmware must set the ZTCEN bit in REF0CN (SFR Definition 7.1).
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SFR Definition 15.1. PCON: Power Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
GF[5:0]
STOP
IDLE
Type
R/W
R/W
R/W
0
0
Reset
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x87; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
7:2
GF[5:0]
0
0
0
Function
General Purpose Flags 5–0.
These are general purpose flags for use under software control.
1
STOP
Stop Mode Select.
Setting this bit will place the CIP-51 in Stop mode. This bit will always be read as 0.
1: CPU goes into Stop mode (internal oscillator stopped).
0
IDLE
Idle Mode Select.
Setting this bit will place the CIP-51 in Idle mode. This bit will always be read as 0.
1: CPU goes into Idle mode. (Shuts off clock to CPU, but clock to Timers, Interrupts,
Serial Ports, and Analog Peripherals are still active.)
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16. Reset Sources
Reset circuitry allows the controller to be easily placed in a predefined default condition. On entry to this
reset state, the following occur:
CIP-51 halts program execution
Special Function Registers (SFRs) are initialized to their defined reset values
External Port pins are forced to a known state
Interrupts and timers are disabled.
All SFRs are reset to the predefined values noted in the SFR detailed descriptions. The contents of internal
data memory are unaffected during a reset; any previously stored data is preserved. However, since the
stack pointer SFR is reset, the stack is effectively lost, even though the data on the stack is not altered.
The Port I/O latches are reset to 0xFF (all logic ones) in open-drain mode. Weak pullups are enabled
during and after the reset. For VDD Monitor and power-on resets, the RST pin is driven low until the device
exits the reset state.
On exit from the reset state, the program counter (PC) is reset, and the system clock defaults to the internal oscillator. The Watchdog Timer is enabled with the system clock divided by 12 as its clock source. Program execution begins at location 0x0000.
VDD
Power On
Reset
Supply
Monitor
'0'
Enable
(wired-OR)
/RST
+
C0RSEF
Missing
Clock
Detector
(oneshot)
EN
Reset
Funnel
PCA
WDT
(Software Reset)
SWRSF
Errant
FLASH
Operation
EN
System
Clock
WDT
Enable
Px.x
+
-
Comparator 0
MCD
Enable
Px.x
CIP-51
Microcontroller
Core
System Reset
Extended Interrupt
Handler
Figure 16.1. Reset Sources
Rev. 1.1
129
C8051F54x
16.1. Power-On Reset
During power-up, the device is held in a reset state and the RST pin is driven low until VDD settles above
VRST. A delay occurs before the device is released from reset; the delay decreases as the VDD ramp time
increases (VDD ramp time is defined as how fast VDD ramps from 0 V to VRST). Figure 16.2. plots the
power-on and VDD monitor reset timing.
volts
On exit from a power-on reset, the PORSF flag (RSTSRC.1) is set by hardware to logic 1. When PORSF is
set, all of the other reset flags in the RSTSRC Register are indeterminate (PORSF is cleared by all other
resets). Since all resets cause program execution to begin at the same location (0x0000) software can
read the PORSF flag to determine if a power-up was the cause of reset. The content of internal data memory should be assumed to be undefined after a power-on reset. The VDD monitor is enabled following a
power-on reset.
VDD
2.70
2.55
VRST
VD
D
2.0
1.0
t
Logic HIGH
/RST
TPORDelay
Logic LOW
VDD
Monitor
Reset
Power-On
Reset
Figure 16.2. Power-On and VDD Monitor Reset Timing
16.2. Power-Fail Reset/VDD Monitor
When a power-down transition or power irregularity causes VDD to drop below VRST, the power supply
monitor will drive the RST pin low and hold the CIP-51 in a reset state (see Figure 16.2). When VDD returns
to a level above VRST, the CIP-51 will be released from the reset state. Note that even though internal data
memory contents are not altered by the power-fail reset, it is impossible to determine if VDD dropped below
the level required for data retention. If the PORSF flag reads 1, the data may no longer be valid. The VDD
monitor is enabled after power-on resets. Its defined state (enabled/disabled) is not altered by any other
reset source. For example, if the VDD monitor is disabled by code and a software reset is performed, the
VDD monitor will still be disabled after the reset. To protect the integrity of Flash contents, the VDD
monitor must be enabled to the higher setting (VDMLVL = 1) and selected as a reset source if software contains routines which erase or write Flash memory. If the VDD monitor is not enabled and
set to the high level, any erase or write performed on Flash memory will cause a Flash Error device
reset.
130
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C8051F54x
Important Note: If the VDD monitor is being turned on from a disabled state, it should be enabled before it
is selected as a reset source. Selecting the VDD monitor as a reset source before it is enabled and stabilized may cause a system reset. In some applications, this reset may be undesirable. If this is not desirable
in the application, a delay should be introduced between enabling the monitor and selecting it as a reset
source. The procedure for enabling the VDD monitor and configuring it as a reset source from a disabled
state is as follows:
1. Enable the VDD monitor (VDMEN bit in VDM0CN = 1).
2. If necessary, wait for the VDD monitor to stabilize (see Table 6.4 for the VDD Monitor turn-on time).
Note: This delay should be omitted if software contains routines that erase or write Flash
memory.
3. Select the VDD monitor as a reset source (PORSF bit in RSTSRC = 1).
See Figure 16.2 for VDD monitor timing; note that the power-on-reset delay is not incurred after a VDD
monitor reset. See Table 6.4 for complete electrical characteristics of the VDD monitor.
Note: The output of the internal voltage regulator is calibrated by the MCU immediately after any reset event. The
output of the un-calibrated internal regulator could be below the high threshold setting of the VDD Monitor. If
this is the case and the VDD Monitor is set to the high threshold setting and if the MCU receives a non-power on
reset (POR), the MCU will remain in reset until a POR occurs (i.e., VDD Monitor will keep the device in reset). A
POR will force the VDD Monitor to the low threshold setting which is guaranteed to be below the un-calibrated
output of the internal regulator. The device will then exit reset and resume normal operation. It is for this reason
Silicon Labs strongly recommends that the VDD Monitor is always left in the low threshold setting (i.e., default
value upon POR).
When programming the Flash in-system, the VDD Monitor must be set to the high threshold setting. For the
highest system reliability, the time the VDD Monitor is set to the high threshold setting should be minimized
(e.g., setting the VDD Monitor to the high threshold setting just before the Flash write operation and then
changing it back to the low threshold setting immediately after the Flash write operation).
Rev. 1.1
131
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 16.1. VDM0CN: VDD Monitor Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
VDMEN
VDDSTAT
VDMLVL
Type
R/W
R
R/W
R
R
R
R
R
Reset
Varies
Varies
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xFF; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7
VDMEN
Function
VDD Monitor Enable.
This bit turns the VDD monitor circuit on/off. The VDD Monitor cannot generate system resets until it is also selected as a reset source in register RSTSRC (SFR Definition 16.2). Selecting the VDD monitor as a reset source before it has stabilized
may generate a system reset. In systems where this reset would be undesirable, a
delay should be introduced between enabling the VDD Monitor and selecting it as a
reset source. See Table 6.4 for the minimum VDD Monitor turn-on time.
0: VDD Monitor Disabled.
1: VDD Monitor Enabled.
6
VDDSTAT
VDD Status.
This bit indicates the current power supply status (VDD Monitor output).
0: VDD is at or below the VDD monitor threshold.
1: VDD is above the VDD monitor threshold.
5
VDMLVL
VDD Monitor Level Select.
0: VDD Monitor Threshold is set to VRST-LOW
1: VDD Monitor Threshold is set to VRST-HIGH. This setting is required for any system includes code that writes to and/or erases Flash.
4:0
Unused
Read = 00000b; Write = Don’t care.
16.3. External Reset
The external RST pin provides a means for external circuitry to force the device into a reset state. Asserting an active-low signal on the RST pin generates a reset; an external pullup and/or decoupling of the RST
pin may be necessary to avoid erroneous noise-induced resets. See Table 6.4 for complete RST pin specifications. The PINRSF flag (RSTSRC.0) is set on exit from an external reset.
16.4. Missing Clock Detector Reset
The Missing Clock Detector (MCD) is a one-shot circuit that is triggered by the system clock. If the system
clock remains high or low for more than the time specified in Table 6.4, “Reset Electrical Characteristics,”
on page 52, the one-shot will time out and generate a reset. After a MCD reset, the MCDRSF flag
(RSTSRC.2) will read 1, signifying the MCD as the reset source; otherwise, this bit reads 0. Writing a 1 to
the MCDRSF bit enables the Missing Clock Detector; writing a 0 disables it. The state of the RST pin is
unaffected by this reset.
132
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
16.5. Comparator0 Reset
Comparator0 can be configured as a reset source by writing a 1 to the C0RSEF flag (RSTSRC.5). Comparator0 should be enabled and allowed to settle prior to writing to C0RSEF to prevent any turn-on chatter
on the output from generating an unwanted reset. The Comparator0 reset is active-low: if the non-inverting
input voltage (on CP0+) is less than the inverting input voltage (on CP0–), the device is put into the reset
state. After a Comparator0 reset, the C0RSEF flag (RSTSRC.5) will read 1 signifying Comparator0 as the
reset source; otherwise, this bit reads 0. The state of the RST pin is unaffected by this reset.
16.6. PCA Watchdog Timer Reset
The programmable Watchdog Timer (WDT) function of the Programmable Counter Array (PCA) can be
used to prevent software from running out of control during a system malfunction. The PCA WDT function
can be enabled or disabled by software as described in Section “24.4. Watchdog Timer Mode” on
page 260; the WDT is enabled and clocked by SYSCLK/12 following any reset. If a system malfunction
prevents user software from updating the WDT, a reset is generated and the WDTRSF bit (RSTSRC.5) is
set to 1. The state of the RST pin is unaffected by this reset.
16.7. Flash Error Reset
If a Flash read/write/erase or program read targets an illegal address, a system reset is generated. This
may occur due to any of the following:
A Flash write or erase is attempted above user code space. This occurs when PSWE is set to 1 and a
MOVX write operation targets an address in or above the reserved space.
A Flash read is attempted above user code space. This occurs when a MOVC operation targets an
address in or above the reserved space.
A Program read is attempted above user code space. This occurs when user code attempts to branch
to an address in or above the reserved space.
A Flash read, write or erase attempt is restricted due to a Flash security setting (see Section
“14.3. Security Options” on page 119).
A Flash read, write, or erase is attempted when the VDD Monitor is not enabled to the high threshold
and set as a reset source.
The FERROR bit (RSTSRC.6) is set following a Flash error reset. The state of the RST pin is unaffected by
this reset.
16.8. Software Reset
Software may force a reset by writing a 1 to the SWRSF bit (RSTSRC.4). The SWRSF bit will read 1 following a software forced reset. The state of the RST pin is unaffected by this reset.
Rev. 1.1
133
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 16.2. RSTSRC: Reset Source
Bit
7
Name
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
FERROR
C0RSEF
SWRSF
WDTRSF
MCDRSF
PORSF
PINRSF
Type
R
R
R/W
R/W
R
R/W
R/W
R
Reset
0
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
SFR Address = 0xEF; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
Description
7
Unused
Unused.
Write
Read
Don’t care.
0
6
FERROR Flash Error Reset Flag.
N/A
Set to 1 if Flash
read/write/erase error
caused the last reset.
5
C0RSEF Comparator0 Reset Enable
and Flag.
Writing a 1 enables
Comparator0 as a reset
source (active-low).
Set to 1 if Comparator0
caused the last reset.
4
SWRSF
Writing a 1 forces a system reset.
Set to 1 if last reset was
caused by a write to
SWRSF.
Software Reset Force and
Flag.
3
WDTRSF Watchdog Timer Reset Flag. N/A
2
MCDRSF Missing Clock Detector
Enable and Flag.
Set to 1 if Watchdog Timer
overflow caused the last
reset.
Writing a 1 enables the
Set to 1 if Missing Clock
Missing Clock Detector.
Detector timeout caused
The MCD triggers a reset the last reset.
if a missing clock condition
is detected.
1
PORSF
Writing a 1 enables the
Power-On/VDD Monitor
Reset Flag, and VDD monitor VDD monitor as a reset
source.
Reset Enable.
Writing 1 to this bit
before the VDD monitor
is enabled and stabilized
may cause a system
reset.
Set to 1 anytime a poweron or VDD monitor reset
occurs.
When set to 1 all other
RSTSRC flags are indeterminate.
0
PINRSF
HW Pin Reset Flag.
Set to 1 if RST pin caused
the last reset.
N/A
Note: Do not use read-modify-write operations on this register
134
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C8051F54x
17. Oscillators and Clock Selection
C8051F54x devices include a programmable internal high-frequency oscillator, an external oscillator drive
circuit, and a clock multiplier. The internal oscillator can be enabled/disabled and calibrated using the
OSCICN, OSCICRS, and OSCIFIN registers, as shown in Figure 17.1. The system clock can be sourced
by the external oscillator circuit or the internal oscillator. The clock multiplier can produce three possible
base outputs which can be scaled by a programmable factor of 1, 2/3, 2/4 (or 1/2), 2/5, 2/6 (or 1/3), or 2/7:
Internal Oscillator x 2, External Oscillator x 2, or External Oscillator x 4.
OSCICN
IFCN2
IFCN1
IFCN0
CLKSEL
SEL1
SEL0
OSCIFIN
IOSCEN1
IOSCEN0
OSCICRS
Option 3
XTAL2
CAL
EN
IOSC
n
Programmable Internal
Clock Generator
Option 4
XTAL2
CLOCK MULTIPLIER
IOSC/2
EXOSC
EXOSC/2
IOSC
Option 2
VDD
Option 1
x4
n
SYSCLK
XTAL1
XTAL2
Input
Circuit
10MΩ
OSC
EXOSC
MULEN
MULINIT
MULRDY
MULDIV2
MULDIV1
MULDIV0
MULSEL1
MULSEL0
XFCN2
XFCN1
XFCN0
XTLVLD
XOSCMD2
XOSCMD1
XOSCMD0
XTAL2
OSCXCN
CLKMUL
Figure 17.1. Oscillator Options
17.1. System Clock Selection
The CLKSL[1:0] bits in register CLKSEL select which oscillator source is used as the system clock.
CLKSL[1:0] must be set to 01b for the system clock to run from the external oscillator; however the external oscillator may still clock certain peripherals (timers, PCA) when the internal oscillator is selected as the
system clock. The system clock may be switched on-the-fly between the internal oscillator, external oscillator, and Clock Multiplier so long as the selected clock source is enabled and has settled.
The internal oscillator requires little start-up time and may be selected as the system clock immediately following the register write which enables the oscillator. The external RC and C modes also typically require
no startup time.
External crystals and ceramic resonators however, typically require a start-up time before they are settled
and ready for use. The Crystal Valid Flag (XTLVLD in register OSCXCN) is set to 1 by hardware when the
external crystal or ceramic resonator is settled. In crystal mode, to avoid reading a false XTLVLD, software should delay at least 1 ms between enabling the external oscillator and checking XTLVLD.
Rev. 1.1
135
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 17.1. CLKSEL: Clock Select
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
Type
R
R
R
R
R
R
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x8F; SFR Page = 0x0F;
Bit
Name
1:0
0
CLKSL[1:0]
Name
7:2
1
Unused
R/W
0
0
Function
Read = 000000b; Write = Don’t Care
CLKSL[1:0] System Clock Source Select Bits.
00: SYSCLK derived from the Internal Oscillator and scaled per the IFCN bits in register OSCICN.
01: SYSCLK derived from the External Oscillator circuit.
10: SYSCLK derived from the Clock Multiplier.
11: reserved.
136
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
17.2. Programmable Internal Oscillator
All C8051F54x devices include a programmable internal high-frequency oscillator that defaults as the system clock after a system reset. The internal oscillator period can be adjusted via the OSCICRS and OSCIFIN registers defined in SFR Definition 17.3 and SFR Definition 17.4. On C8051F54x devices, OSCICRS
and OSCIFIN are factory calibrated to obtain a 24 MHz base frequency. Note that the system clock may be
derived from the programmed internal oscillator divided by 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or 128, as defined by the
IFCN bits in register OSCICN. The divide value defaults to 128 following a reset.
17.2.1. Internal Oscillator Suspend Mode
When software writes a logic 1 to SUSPEND (OSCICN.5), the internal oscillator is suspended. If the system clock is derived from the internal oscillator, the input clock to the peripheral or CIP-51 will be stopped
until one of the following events occur:
Port 0 Match Event.
Port 1 Match Event.
Port 2 Match Event.
Port 3 Match Event.
Comparator 0 enabled and output is logic 0.
When one of the oscillator awakening events occur, the internal oscillator, CIP-51, and affected peripherals
resume normal operation, regardless of whether the event also causes an interrupt. The CPU resumes
execution at the instruction following the write to SUSPEND.
Note: When entering suspend mode, firmware must set the ZTCEN bit in REF0CN (SFR Definition 7.1).
Rev. 1.1
137
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 17.2. OSCICN: Internal Oscillator Control
Bit
Name
7
6
IOSCEN[1:0]
5
4
3
SUSPEND
IFRDY
Reserved
IFCN[2:0]
R/W
Type
R/W
R/W
R/W
R
R
Reset
1
1
0
1
0
SFR Address = 0xA1; SFR Page = 0x0F;
Bit
Name
2
0
1
0
0
0
Function
7:6 IOSCEN[1:0] Internal Oscillator Enable Bits.
00: Oscillator Disabled.
01: Reserved.
10: Reserved.
11: Oscillator enabled in normal mode and disabled in suspend mode.
5
SUSPEND
Internal Oscillator Suspend Enable Bit.
Setting this bit to logic 1 places the internal oscillator in SUSPEND mode. The internal oscillator resumes operation when one of the SUSPEND mode awakening
events occurs.
4
IFRDY
Internal Oscillator Frequency Ready Flag.
0: Internal oscillator is not running at programmed frequency.
1: Internal oscillator is running at programmed frequency.
3
Reserved
Read = 0b; Write = 0b.
2:0
IFCN[2:0]
Internal Oscillator Frequency Divider Control Bits.
000: SYSCLK derived from Internal Oscillator divided by 128.
001: SYSCLK derived from Internal Oscillator divided by 64.
010: SYSCLK derived from Internal Oscillator divided by 32.
011: SYSCLK derived from Internal Oscillator divided by 16.
100: SYSCLK derived from Internal Oscillator divided by 8.
101: SYSCLK derived from Internal Oscillator divided by 4.
110: SYSCLK derived from Internal Oscillator divided by 2.
111: SYSCLK derived from Internal Oscillator divided by 1.
138
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 17.3. OSCICRS: Internal Oscillator Coarse Calibration
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
2
1
0
Varies
Varies
Varies
OSCICRS[6:0]
Type
R
Reset
0
R/W
Varies
Varies
Varies
SFR Address = 0xA2; SFR Page = 0x0F;
Bit
Name
7
Unused
6:0
OSCICRS[6:0]
Varies
Function
Read = 0; Write = Don’t Care
Internal Oscillator Coarse Calibration Bits.
These bits determine the internal oscillator period. When set to 0000000b, the
internal oscillator operates at its slowest setting. When set to 1111111b, the internal oscillator operates at its fastest setting. The reset value is factory calibrated
to generate an internal oscillator frequency of 24 MHz.
SFR Definition 17.4. OSCIFIN: Internal Oscillator Fine Calibration
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Varies
Varies
OSCIFIN[5:0]
Type
R
R
Reset
0
0
R/W
Varies
Varies
SFR Address = 0x9E; SFR Page = 0x0F;
Bit
Name
7:6
5:0
Unused
Varies
Varies
Function
Read = 00b; Write = Don’t Care
OSCIFIN[5:0] Internal Oscillator Fine Calibration Bits.
These bits are fine adjustment for the internal oscillator period. The reset value is
factory calibrated to generate an internal oscillator frequency of 24 MHz.
Rev. 1.1
139
C8051F54x
140
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
17.3. Clock Multiplier
The Clock Multiplier generates an output clock which is 4 times the input clock frequency scaled by a programmable factor of 1, 2/3, 2/4 (or 1/2), 2/5, 2/6 (or 1/3), or 2/7. The Clock Multiplier’s input can be
selected from the external oscillator, or the internal or external oscillators divided by 2. This produces three
possible base outputs which can be scaled by a programmable factor: Internal Oscillator x 2, External
Oscillator x 2, or External Oscillator x 4. See Section 17.1 on page 135 for details on system clock selection.
The Clock Multiplier is configured via the CLKMUL register (SFR Definition 17.5). The procedure for configuring and enabling the Clock Multiplier is as follows:
1. Reset the Multiplier by writing 0x00 to register CLKMUL.
2. Select the Multiplier input source via the MULSEL bits.
3. Select the Multiplier output scaling factor via the MULDIV bits
4. Enable the Multiplier with the MULEN bit (CLKMUL | = 0x80).
5. Delay for >5 µs.
6. Initialize the Multiplier with the MULINIT bit (CLKMUL | = 0xC0).
7. Poll for MULRDY > 1.
Important Note: When using an external oscillator as the input to the Clock Multiplier, the external source
must be enabled and stable before the Multiplier is initialized. See “17.4. External Oscillator Drive Circuit”
on page 142 for details on selecting an external oscillator source.
The Clock Multiplier allows faster operation of the CIP-51 core and is intended to generate an output frequency between 25 and 50 MHz. The clock multiplier can also be used with slow input clocks. However, if
the clock is below the minimum Clock Multiplier input frequency (FCMmin), the generated clock will consist
of four fast pulses followed by a long delay until the next input clock rising edge. The average frequency of
the output is equal to 4x the input, but the instantaneous frequency may be faster. See Figure 17.2 below
for more information.
if FCM in >= FCM min
FCM in
FCM out
if FCMin < FCM min
FCM in
FCM out
Figure 17.2. Example Clock Multiplier Output
Rev. 1.1
140
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 17.5. CLKMUL: Clock Multiplier
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
MULEN
MULINIT
MULRDY
MULDIV[2:0]
MULSEL[1:0]
Type
R/W
R/W
R
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x97; SFR Page = 0x0F;
Bit
Name
7
MULEN
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
Clock Multiplier Enable.
0: Clock Multiplier disabled.
1: Clock Multiplier enabled.
6
MULINIT
Clock Multiplier Initialize.
This bit is 0 when the Clock Multiplier is enabled. Once enabled, writing a 1 to this
bit will initialize the Clock Multiplier. The MULRDY bit reads 1 when the Clock Multiplier is stabilized.
5
MULRDY
Clock Multiplier Ready.
0: Clock Multiplier is not ready.
1: Clock Multiplier is ready (PLL is locked).
4:2
MULDIV[2:0]
1:0
MULSEL[1:0] Clock Multiplier Input Select.
Clock Multiplier Output Scaling Factor.
000: Clock Multiplier Output scaled by a factor of 1.
001: Clock Multiplier Output scaled by a factor of 1.
010: Clock Multiplier Output scaled by a factor of 1.
011: Clock Multiplier Output scaled by a factor of 2/3*.
100: Clock Multiplier Output scaled by a factor of 2/4 (1/2).
101: Clock Multiplier Output scaled by a factor of 2/5*.
110: Clock Multiplier Output scaled by a factor of 2/6 (1/3).
111: Clock Multiplier Output scaled by a factor of 2/7*.
*Note: The Clock Multiplier output duty cycle is not 50% for these settings.
These bits select the clock supplied to the Clock Multiplier
MULSEL[1:0]
Selected Input Clock
Clock Multiplier Output
for MULDIV[2:0] = 000b
00
Internal Oscillator
Internal Oscillator x 2
01
External Oscillator
External Oscillator x 2
10
Internal Oscillator
Internal Oscillator x 4
11
External Oscillator
External Oscillator x 4
Notes:The maximum system clock is 50 MHz, and so the Clock Multiplier output should be scaled accordingly.
If Internal Oscillator x 2 or External Oscillator x 2 is selected using the MULSEL bits, MULDIV[2:0] is ignored.
141
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
17.4. External Oscillator Drive Circuit
The external oscillator circuit may drive an external crystal, ceramic resonator, capacitor, or RC network. A
CMOS clock may also provide a clock input. For a crystal or ceramic resonator configuration, the crystal/resonator must be wired across the XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins as shown in Option 1 of Figure 17.1. A
10 MΩ resistor also must be wired across the XTAL2 and XTAL1 pins for the crystal/resonator configuration. In RC, capacitor, or CMOS clock configuration, the clock source should be wired to the XTAL2 pin as
shown in Option 2, 3, or 4 of Figure 17.1. The type of external oscillator must be selected in the OSCXCN
register, and the frequency control bits (XFCN) must be selected appropriately (see SFR Definition 17.6).
Important Note on External Oscillator Usage: Port pins must be configured when using the external
oscillator circuit. When the external oscillator drive circuit is enabled in crystal/resonator mode, Port pins
P0.2 and P0.3 are used as XTAL1 and XTAL2 respectively. When the external oscillator drive circuit is
enabled in capacitor, RC, or CMOS clock mode, Port pin P0.3 is used as XTAL2. The Port I/O Crossbar
should be configured to skip the Port pins used by the oscillator circuit; see Section “18.3. Priority Crossbar
Decoder” on page 150 for Crossbar configuration. Additionally, when using the external oscillator circuit in
crystal/resonator, capacitor, or RC mode, the associated Port pins should be configured as analog inputs.
In CMOS clock mode, the associated pin should be configured as a digital input. See Section “18.4. Port
I/O Initialization” on page 152 for details on Port input mode selection.
Rev. 1.1
142
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 17.6. OSCXCN: External Oscillator Control
Bit
7
6
Name
XTLVLD
XOSCMD[2:0]
Type
R
R/W
Reset
0
0
5
0
4
3
XTLVLD
1
R
0
0
R/W
0
0
Function
Crystal Oscillator Valid Flag.
(Read only when XOSCMD = 11x.)
0: Crystal Oscillator is unused or not yet stable.
1: Crystal Oscillator is running and stable.
6:4
XOSCMD[2:0] External Oscillator Mode Select.
00x: External Oscillator circuit off.
010: External CMOS Clock Mode.
011: External CMOS Clock Mode with divide by 2 stage.
100: RC Oscillator Mode.
101: Capacitor Oscillator Mode.
110: Crystal Oscillator Mode.
111: Crystal Oscillator Mode with divide by 2 stage.
3
Unused
2:0
XFCN[2:0]
Read = 0b; Write =0b
External Oscillator Frequency Control Bits.
Set according to the desired frequency for Crystal or RC mode.
Set according to the desired K Factor for C mode.
143
0
XFCN[2:0]
SFR Address = 0x9F; SFR Page = 0x0F;
Bit
Name
7
2
XFCN
Crystal Mode
RC Mode
C Mode
000
f ≤ 32 kHz
f ≤ 25 kHz
K Factor = 0.87
001
32 kHz < f ≤ 84 kHz
25 kHz < f ≤ 50 kHz
K Factor = 2.6
010
84 kHz < f ≤ 225 kHz
50 kHz < f ≤ 100 kHz
K Factor = 7.7
011
225 kHz < f ≤ 590 kHz
100 kHz < f ≤ 200 kHz
K Factor = 22
100
590 kHz < f ≤ 1.5 MHz
200 kHz < f ≤ 400 kHz
K Factor = 65
101
1.5 MHz < f ≤ 4 MHz
400 kHz < f ≤ 800 kHz
K Factor = 180
110
4 MHz < f ≤ 10 MHz
800 kHz < f ≤ 1.6 MHz
K Factor = 664
111
10 MHz < f ≤ 30 MHz
1.6 MHz < f ≤ 3.2 MHz
K Factor = 1590
Rev. 1.1
0
C8051F54x
17.4.1. External Crystal Example
If a crystal or ceramic resonator is used as an external oscillator source for the MCU, the circuit should be
configured as shown in Figure 17.1, Option 1. The External Oscillator Frequency Control value (XFCN)
should be chosen from the Crystal column of the table in SFR Definition 17.6 (OSCXCN register). For
example, an 11.0592 MHz crystal requires an XFCN setting of 111b and a 32.768 kHz Watch Crystal
requires an XFCN setting of 001b. After an external 32.768 kHz oscillator is stabilized, the XFCN setting
can be switched to 000 to save power. It is recommended to enable the missing clock detector before
switching the system clock to any external oscillator source.
When the crystal oscillator is first enabled, the oscillator amplitude detection circuit requires a settling time
to achieve proper bias. Introducing a delay of 1 ms between enabling the oscillator and checking the
XTLVLD bit will prevent a premature switch to the external oscillator as the system clock. Switching to the
external oscillator before the crystal oscillator has stabilized can result in unpredictable behavior. The recommended procedure is:
1. Force XTAL1 and XTAL2 to a high state. This involves enabling the Crossbar and writing 1 to the port
pins associated with XTAL1 and XTAL2.
2. Configure XTAL1 and XTAL2 as analog inputs using.
3. Enable the external oscillator.
4. Wait at least 1 ms.
5. Poll for XTLVLD => 1.
6. Enable the Missing Clock Detector.
7. Switch the system clock to the external oscillator.
Important Note on External Crystals: Crystal oscillator circuits are quite sensitive to PCB layout. The
crystal should be placed as close as possible to the XTAL pins on the device. The traces should be as
short as possible and shielded with ground plane from any other traces which could introduce noise or
interference.
The capacitors shown in the external crystal configuration provide the load capacitance required by the
crystal for correct oscillation. These capacitors are "in series" as seen by the crystal and "in parallel" with
the stray capacitance of the XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins.
Note: The desired load capacitance depends upon the crystal and the manufacturer. Refer to the crystal data sheet
when completing these calculations.
For example, a tuning-fork crystal of 32.768 kHz with a recommended load capacitance of 12.5 pF should
use the configuration shown in Figure 17.1, Option 1. The total value of the capacitors and the stray capacitance of the XTAL pins should equal 25 pF. With a stray capacitance of 3 pF per pin, the 22 pF capacitors
yield an equivalent capacitance of 12.5 pF across the crystal, as shown in Figure 17.3.
Rev. 1.1
144
C8051F54x
XTAL1
10MΩ
XTAL2
32.768 kHz
22pF*
22pF*
* Capacitor values depend on
crystal specifications
Figure 17.3. External 32.768 kHz Quartz Crystal Oscillator Connection Diagram
17.4.2. External RC Example
If an RC network is used as an external oscillator source for the MCU, the circuit should be configured as
shown in Figure 17.1, Option 2. The capacitor should be no greater than 100 pF; however for very small
capacitors, the total capacitance may be dominated by parasitic capacitance in the PCB layout. To determine the required External Oscillator Frequency Control value (XFCN) in the OSCXCN Register, first
select the RC network value to produce the desired frequency of oscillation, according to Equation , where
f = the frequency of oscillation in MHz, C = the capacitor value in pF, and R = the pull-up resistor value in
kΩ.
3
f = 1.23 × 10 ⁄ ( R × C )
Equation 17.1. RC Mode Oscillator Frequency
For example: If the frequency desired is 100 kHz, let R = 246 kΩ and C = 50 pF:
f = 1.23(103)/RC = 1.23(103)/[246 x 50] = 0.1 MHz = 100 kHz
Referring to the table in SFR Definition 17.6, the required XFCN setting is 010b.
17.4.3. External Capacitor Example
If a capacitor is used as an external oscillator for the MCU, the circuit should be configured as shown in
Figure 17.1, Option 3. The capacitor should be no greater than 100 pF; however for very small capacitors,
the total capacitance may be dominated by parasitic capacitance in the PCB layout. To determine the
required External Oscillator Frequency Control value (XFCN) in the OSCXCN Register, select the capacitor to be used and find the frequency of oscillation according to Equation 17.2, where f = the frequency of
oscillation in MHz, C = the capacitor value in pF, and VDD = the MCU power supply in Volts.
145
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
Equation 17.2. C Mode Oscillator Frequency
f = ( KF ) ⁄ ( R × V DD )
For example: Assume VDD = 2.1 V and f = 75 kHz:
f = KF / (C x VDD)
0.075 MHz = KF / (C x 2.1)
Since the frequency of roughly 75 kHz is desired, select the K Factor from the table in SFR Definition 17.6
(OSCXCN) as KF = 7.7:
0.075 MHz = 7.7 / (C x 2.1)
C x 2.1 = 7.7 / 0.075 MHz
C = 102.6 / 2.0 pF = 51.3 pF
Therefore, the XFCN value to use in this example is 010b.
Rev. 1.1
146
C8051F54x
18. Port Input/Output
Digital and analog resources are available through 25 (C8051F540/1/4/5) or 18 (C8051F542/3/6/7) I/O
pins. Port pins P0.0-P3.0 on the C8051F540/1/4/5 and port pins P0.0-P2.1 on the C8051F542/3/6/7 can
be defined as general-purpose I/O (GPIO), assigned to one of the internal digital resources, or assigned to
an analog function as shown in Figure 18.3. Port pin P3.0 on the C8051F540/1/4/5 can be used as GPIO
and is shared with the C2 Interface Data signal (C2D). Similarly, port pin P2.1 is shared with C2D on the
C8051F542/3/6/7. The designer has complete control over which functions are assigned, limited only by
the number of physical I/O pins. This resource assignment flexibility is achieved through the use of a Priority Crossbar Decoder. The state of a Port I/O pin can always be read in the corresponding Port latch,
regardless of the Crossbar settings.
The Crossbar assigns the selected internal digital resources to the I/O pins based on the Priority Decoder
(Figure 18.3 and Figure 18.4). The registers XBR0, XBR1, XBR2 are defined in SFR Definition 18.1 and
SFR Definition 18.2 and are used to select internal digital functions.
The Port I/O cells are configured as either push-pull or open-drain in the Port Output Mode registers
(PnMDOUT, where n = 0,1). Complete Electrical Specifications for Port I/O are given in Table 6.3 on
page 51.
XBR0, XBR1,
XBR2, PnSKIP
PnMDOUT,
PnDMIN Registers
External
Pins
Priority
Decoder
Highest
Priority
2
UART0
4
SPI0
2
(Internal Digital Signals)
SMBus0
Digital
Crossbar
8
/SYSCLK
P0.0
P1
I/O
Cells
P1.0
Highest
Priority
P0.7
P1.7
P2.0
P2
I/O
Cells
P2.7
7
PCA0
4
8
P3.0
P3
I/O
Cell
Lowest
Priority
2
LIN0
P0
P1
P2
P3
P0
I/O
Cells
2
CP1
PnMASK
PnMATCH
Registers
25
Port
Latches
8
2
CP0
T0, T1,
/INT0,
/INT1
Lowest
Priority
8
(Px.0-Px.7)
Figure 18.1. Port I/O Functional Block Diagram
Rev. 1.1
147
C8051F54x
18.1. Port I/O Modes of Operation
Port pins P0.0–P3.0 use the Port I/O cell shown in Figure 18.2. Each Port I/O cell can be configured by
software for analog I/O or digital I/O using the PnMDIN registers. On reset, all Port I/O cells default to a
high impedance state with weak pull-ups enabled until the Crossbar is enabled (XBARE = 1).
18.1.1. Port Pins Configured for Analog I/O
Any pins to be used as Comparator or ADC inputs, external oscillator inputs, or VREF should be configured for analog I/O (PnMDIN.n = 0). When a pin is configured for analog I/O, its weak pullup, digital driver,
and digital receiver are disabled. Port pins configured for analog I/O will always read back a value of 0.
Configuring pins as analog I/O saves power and isolates the Port pin from digital interference. Port pins
configured as digital inputs may still be used by analog peripherals; however, this practice is not recommended and may result in measurement errors.
18.1.2. Port Pins Configured For Digital I/O
Any pins to be used by digital peripherals (UART, SPI, SMBus, etc.), external digital event capture functions, or as GPIO should be configured as digital I/O (PnMDIN.n = 1). For digital I/O pins, one of two output
modes (push-pull or open-drain) must be selected using the PnMDOUT registers.
Push-pull outputs (PnMDOUT.n = 1) drive the Port pad to the VIO or GND supply rails based on the output
logic value of the Port pin. Open-drain outputs have the high side driver disabled; therefore, they only drive
the Port pad to GND when the output logic value is 0 and become high impedance inputs (both high low
drivers turned off) when the output logic value is 1.
When a digital I/O cell is placed in the high impedance state, a weak pull-up transistor pulls the Port pad to
the VIO supply voltage to ensure the digital input is at a defined logic state. Weak pull-ups are disabled
when the I/O cell is driven to GND to minimize power consumption and may be globally disabled by setting
WEAKPUD to 1. The user should ensure that digital I/O are always internally or externally pulled or driven
to a valid logic state to minimize power consumption. Port pins configured for digital I/O always read back
the logic state of the Port pad, regardless of the output logic value of the Port pin.
WEAKPUD
(Weak Pull-Up Disable)
PxMDOUT.x
(1 for push-pull)
(0 for open-drain)
VIO
XBARE
(Crossbar
Enable)
(WEAK)
PORT
PAD
Px.x – Output
Logic Value
(Port Latch or
Crossbar)
PxMDIN.x
(1 for digital)
(0 for analog)
To/From Analog
Peripheral
GND
Px.x – Input Logic Value
(Reads 0 when pin is configured as an analog I/O)
Figure 18.2. Port I/O Cell Block Diagram
148
VIO
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
18.1.3. Interfacing Port I/O in a Multi-Voltage System
All Port I/O are capable of interfacing to digital logic operating at a supply voltage higher than VDD and less
than 5.25 V. Connect the VIO pin to the voltage source of the interface logic.
18.2. Assigning Port I/O Pins to Analog and Digital Functions
Port I/O pins P0.0–P3.0 can be assigned to various analog, digital, and external interrupt functions. The
Port pins assigned to analog functions should be configured for analog I/O, and Port pins assigned to digital or external interrupt functions should be configured for digital I/O.
18.2.1. Assigning Port I/O Pins to Analog Functions
Table 18.1 shows all available analog functions that require Port I/O assignments. Port pins selected for
these analog functions should have their corresponding bit in PnSKIP set to 1. This reserves the pin
for use by the analog function and does not allow it to be claimed by the Crossbar. Table 18.1 shows the
potential mapping of Port I/O to each analog function.
Table 18.1. Port I/O Assignment for Analog Functions
Analog Function
Potentially Assignable
Port Pins
SFR(s) used for
Assignment
ADC Input
P0.0–P3.0*
ADC0MX, PnSKIP
Comparator0 or Compartor1 Input
P0.0–P2.7*
CPT0MX, CPT1MX,
PnSKIP
Voltage Reference (VREF0)
P0.0
REF0CN, PnSKIP
External Oscillator in Crystal Mode (XTAL1)
P0.2
OSCXCN, PnSKIP
External Oscillator in RC, C, or Crystal Mode (XTAL2)
P0.3
OSCXCN, PnSKIP
*Note: P2.2-P2.7, P3.0 are only available on the 32-pin packages
18.2.2. Assigning Port I/O Pins to Digital Functions
Any Port pins not assigned to analog functions may be assigned to digital functions or used as GPIO. Most
digital functions rely on the Crossbar for pin assignment; however, some digital functions bypass the
Crossbar in a manner similar to the analog functions listed above. Port pins used by these digital functions and any Port pins selected for use as GPIO should have their corresponding bit in PnSKIP set
to 1. Table 18.2 shows all available digital functions and the potential mapping of Port I/O to each digital
function.
Table 18.2. Port I/O Assignment for Digital Functions
Digital Function
UART0, SPI0, SMBus, LIN0,
CP0, CP0A, CP1, CP1A,
SYSCLK, PCA0 (CEX0-5
and ECI), T0 or T1.
Potentially Assignable Port Pins
Any Port pin available for assignment by the
Crossbar. This includes P0.0–P3.0* pins which
have their PnSKIP bit set to 0.
SFR(s) used for
Assignment
XBR0, XBR1, XBR2
Note: The Crossbar will always assign UART0 pins
to P0.4 and P0.5.
*Note: P2.2-P2.7, P3.0 are only available on the 32-pin packages.
Rev. 1.1
149
C8051F54x
Table 18.2. Port I/O Assignment for Digital Functions
Digital Function
Potentially Assignable Port Pins
SFR(s) used for
Assignment
P0.0–P3.0*
P0SKIP, P1SKIP,
P2SKIP, P3SKIP
Any pin used for GPIO
*Note: P2.2-P2.7, P3.0 are only available on the 32-pin packages.
18.2.3. Assigning Port I/O Pins to External Digital Event Capture Functions
External digital event capture functions can be used to trigger an interrupt or wake the device from a low
power mode when a transition occurs on a digital I/O pin. The digital event capture functions do not require
dedicated pins and will function on both GPIO pins (PnSKIP = 1) and pins in use by the Crossbar (PnSKIP
= 0). External digital event capture functions cannot be used on pins configured for analog I/O. Table 18.3
shows all available external digital event capture functions.
Table 18.3. Port I/O Assignment for External Digital Event Capture Functions
Digital Function
Potentially Assignable Port Pins
SFR(s) used for
Assignment
External Interrupt 0
P1.0–P1.7
IT01CF
External Interrupt 1
P1.0–P1.7
IT01CF
Port Match
P0.0–P3.0*
P0MASK, P0MAT
P1MASK, P1MAT
P2MASK, P2MAT
P3MASK, P3MAT
*Note: P2.2-P2.7, P3.0 are only available on the 32-pin packages.
18.3. Priority Crossbar Decoder
The Priority Crossbar Decoder (Figure 18.3) assigns a priority to each I/O function, starting at the top with
UART0. When a digital resource is selected, the least-significant unassigned Port pin is assigned to that
resource excluding UART0, which is always assigned to pins P0.4 and P0. If a Port pin is assigned, the
Crossbar skips that pin when assigning the next selected resource. Additionally, the Crossbar will skip Port
pins whose associated bits in the PnSKIP registers are set. The PnSKIP registers allow software to skip
Port pins that are to be used for analog input, dedicated functions, or GPIO.
Because of the nature of Priority Crossbar Decoder, not all peripherals can be located on all port pins.
Figure 18.3 maps peripherals to the potential port pins on which the peripheral I/O can appear.
Important Note on Crossbar Configuration: If a Port pin is claimed by a peripheral without use of the
Crossbar, its corresponding PnSKIP bit should be set. This applies to P0.0 if VREF is used, P0.1 if the
ADC is configured to use the external conversion start signal (CNVSTR), P0.3 and/or P0.2 if the external
oscillator circuit is enabled, and any selected ADC or Comparator inputs. The Crossbar skips selected pins
as if they were already assigned, and moves to the next unassigned pin.
150
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
XTAL2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
1
2
3
4
/WR
XTAL1
0
P2
/RD
VREF
PIN I/O
CNVSTR
Special
Function
Signals
P1
ALE
P0
Port
5
6
7
P3
P2.2-P2.7, P3.0 only
available on the 32-pin
packages
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
UART_TX
UART_RX
SCK
MISO
MOSI
NSS
SDA
SCL
CP0
CP0A
CP1
CP1A
SYSCLK
CEX0
CEX1
CEX2
CEX3
CEX4
CEX5
ECI
T0
T1
LIN_TX
LIN_RX
Figure 18.3. Peripheral Availability on Port I/O Pins
Registers XBR0, XBR1, and XBR2 are used to assign the digital I/O resources to the physical I/O Port
pins. Note that when the SMBus is selected, the Crossbar assigns both pins associated with the SMBus
(SDA and SCL); and similarly when the UART or LIN are selected, the Crossbar assigns both pins associated with the peripheral (TX and RX). UART0 pin assignments are fixed for bootloading purposes: UART
TX0 is always assigned to P0.4; UART RX0 is always assigned to P0.5. Standard Port I/Os appear contiguously after the prioritized functions have been assigned.
Important Note: The SPI can be operated in either 3-wire or 4-wire modes, pending the state of the NSSMD1–NSSMD0 bits in register SPI0CN. According to the SPI mode, the NSS signal may or may not be
routed to a Port pin.
As an example configuration, if SPI0 in 4-wire mode, and PCA0 Modules 0, 1, and 2 are enabled on the
crossbar with P0.1, P0.2, and P0.5 skipped, the registers should be set as follows: XBR0 = 0x04 (SPI0
enabled), XBR1 = 0x0C (PCA0 modules 0, 1, and 2 enabled), XBR2 = 0x40 (Crossbar enabled), and
P0SKIP = 0x26 (P0.1, P0.2, and P0.5 skipped). The resulting crossbar would look as shown in
Figure 18.4.
Rev. 1.1
151
C8051F54x
XTAL2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
1
2
3
4
/RD
XTAL1
0
P2
/WR
VREF
PIN I/O
CNVSTR
Special
Function
Signals
P1
ALE
P0
Port
5
6
7
P3
P2.2-P2.7, P3.0 only available on
the 32-pin packages
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
0
0
0
P3SKIP[0]
UART_TX
UART_RX
SCK
MISO
MOSI
NSS
*NSS Is only pinned out in 4-wire SPI Mode
SDA
SCL
CP0
CP0A
CP1
CP1A
SYSCLK
CEX0
CEX1
CEX2
CEX3
CEX4
CEX5
ECI
T0
T1
LIN_TX
LIN_RX
0
1
1 0 0 1
P0SKIP[0:7]
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 0
P1SKIP[0:7]
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 0
P2SKIP[0:7]
Figure 18.4. Crossbar Priority Decoder in Example Configuration
18.4. Port I/O Initialization
Port I/O initialization consists of the following steps:
1. Select the input mode (analog or digital) for all Port pins, using the Port Input Mode register (PnMDIN).
2. Select the output mode (open-drain or push-pull) for all Port pins, using the Port Output Mode register
(PnMDOUT).
3. Select any pins to be skipped by the I/O Crossbar using the Port Skip registers (PnSKIP).
4. Assign Port pins to desired peripherals.
5. Enable the Crossbar (XBARE = 1).
All Port pins must be configured as either analog or digital inputs. Any pins to be used as Comparator or
ADC inputs should be configured as an analog inputs. When a pin is configured as an analog input, its
weak pullup, digital driver, and digital receiver are disabled. This process saves power and reduces noise
on the analog input. Pins configured as digital inputs may still be used by analog peripherals; however this
practice is not recommended.
Additionally, all analog input pins should be configured to be skipped by the Crossbar (accomplished by
setting the associated bits in PnSKIP). Port input mode is set in the PnMDIN register, where a 1 indicates a
digital input, and a 0 indicates an analog input. All pins default to digital inputs on reset. See SFR Definition
18.13 for the PnMDIN register details.
152
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
The output driver characteristics of the I/O pins are defined using the Port Output Mode registers (PnMDOUT). Each Port Output driver can be configured as either open drain or push-pull. This selection is
required even for the digital resources selected in the XBRn registers, and is not automatic. The only
exception to this is the SMBus (SDA, SCL) pins, which are configured as open-drain regardless of the
PnMDOUT settings. When the WEAKPUD bit in XBR2 is 0, a weak pullup is enabled for all Port I/O configured as open-drain. WEAKPUD does not affect the push-pull Port I/O. Furthermore, the weak pullup is
turned off on an output that is driving a 0 to avoid unnecessary power dissipation.
Registers XBR0, XBR1, and XBR2 must be loaded with the appropriate values to select the digital I/O
functions required by the design. Setting the XBARE bit in XBR2 to 1 enables the Crossbar. Until the
Crossbar is enabled, the external pins remain as standard Port I/O (in input mode), regardless of the XBRn
Register settings. For given XBRn Register settings, one can determine the I/O pin-out using the Priority
Decode Table; as an alternative, the Configuration Wizard utility of the Silicon Labs IDE software will determine the Port I/O pin-assignments based on the XBRn Register settings.
The Crossbar must be enabled to use Port pins as standard Port I/O in output mode. Port output drivers
are disabled while the Crossbar is disabled.
Rev. 1.1
153
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 18.1. XBR0: Port I/O Crossbar Register 0
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
CP1AE
CP1E
CP0AE
CP0E
SMB0E
SPI0E
Reserved
URT0E
Type
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xE1; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
7
CP1AE
Function
Comparator1 Asynchronous Output Enable.
0: Asynchronous CP1 unavailable at Port pin.
1: Asynchronous CP1 routed to Port pin.
6
CP1E
Comparator1 Output Enable.
0: CP1 unavailable at Port pin.
1: CP1 routed to Port pin.
5
CP0AE
Comparator0 Asynchronous Output Enable.
0: Asynchronous CP0 unavailable at Port pin.
1: Asynchronous CP0 routed to Port pin.
4
CP0E
Comparator0 Output Enable.
0: CP0 unavailable at Port pin.
1: CP0 routed to Port pin.
3
SMB0E
SMBus I/O Enable.
0: SMBus I/O unavailable at Port pins.
1: SMBus I/O routed to Port pins.
2
SPI0E
SPI I/O Enable.
0: SPI I/O unavailable at Port pins.
1: SPI I/O routed to Port pins. Note that the SPI can be assigned either 3 or 4 GPIO
pins.
1
0
Reserved Always Write to 0.
URT0E
UART I/O Output Enable.
0: UART I/O unavailable at Port pin.
1: UART TX0, RX0 routed to Port pins P0.4 and P0.5.
154
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 18.2. XBR1: Port I/O Crossbar Register 1
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
T1E
T0E
ECIE
Type
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
T1E
2
1
0
SYSCKE
Reserved
R
R/W
R/W
0
0
0
PCA0ME[2:0]
SFR Address = 0xE2; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
7
3
Function
T1 Enable.
0: T1 unavailable at Port pin.
1: T1 routed to Port pin.
6
T0E
T0 Enable.
0: T0 unavailable at Port pin.
1: T0 routed to Port pin.
5
ECIE
PCA0 External Counter Input Enable.
0: ECI unavailable at Port pin.
1: ECI routed to Port pin.
4:2 PCA0ME[2:0] PCA Module I/O Enable Bits.
000: All PCA I/O unavailable at Port pins.
001: CEX0 routed to Port pin.
010: CEX0, CEX1 routed to Port pins.
011: CEX0, CEX1, CEX2 routed to Port pins.
100: CEX0, CEX1, CEX2, CEX3 routed to Port pins.
101: CEX0, CEX1, CEX2, CEX3, CEX4 routed to Port pins.
110: CEX0, CEX1, CEX2, CEX3, CEX4, CEX5 routed to Port pins.
111: RESERVED
1
SYSCKE
SYSCLK Output Enable.
0: SYSCLK unavailable at Port pin.
1: SYSCLK output routed to Port pin.
0
Reserved
Always Write to 0.
Rev. 1.1
155
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 18.3. XBR2: Port I/O Crossbar Register 1
Bit
7
Name WEAKPUD
6
5
4
XBARE
3
2
1
Reserved
0
LIN0E
Type
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xC7; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
7
WEAKPUD
Function
Port I/O Weak Pullup Disable.
0: Weak Pullups enabled (except for Ports whose I/O are configured for analog
mode).
1: Weak Pullups disabled.
6
XBARE
Crossbar Enable.
0: Crossbar disabled.
1: Crossbar enabled.
5:1
Reserved
Always Write to 00000b.
0
LIN0E
LIN I/O Output Enable.
0: LIN I/O unavailable at Port pin.
1: LIN_TX, LIN_RX routed to Port pins.
156
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
18.5. Port Match
Port match functionality allows system events to be triggered by a logic value change on P0, P1, P2 or P3.
A software controlled value stored in the PnMATCH registers specifies the expected or normal logic values
of P0, P1, P2, and P3. A Port mismatch event occurs if the logic levels of the Port’s input pins no longer
match the software controlled value. This allows Software to be notified if a certain change or pattern
occurs on P0, P1, P2, or P3 input pins regardless of the XBRn settings.
The PnMASK registers can be used to individually select which of the port pins should be compared
against the PnMATCH registers. A Port mismatch event is generated if (Pn & PnMASK) does not equal
(PnMATCH & PnMASK), where n is 0, 1, 2 or 3
A Port mismatch event may be used to generate an interrupt or wake the device from a low power mode,
such as IDLE or SUSPEND. See the Interrupts and Power Options chapters for more details on interrupt
and wake-up sources.
SFR Definition 18.4. P0MASK: Port 0 Mask Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
P0MASK[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xF2; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7:0
P0MASK[7:0]
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
Port 0 Mask Value.
Selects P0 pins to be compared to the corresponding bits in P0MAT.
0: P0.n pin logic value is ignored and cannot cause a Port Mismatch event.
1: P0.n pin logic value is compared to P0MAT.n.
SFR Definition 18.5. P0MAT: Port 0 Match Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
P0MAT[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xF1; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7:0
P0MAT[7:0]
1
1
2
1
0
1
1
1
Function
Port 0 Match Value.
Match comparison value used on Port 0 for bits in P0MAT which are set to 1.
0: P0.n pin logic value is compared with logic LOW.
1: P0.n pin logic value is compared with logic HIGH.
Rev. 1.1
157
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 18.6. P1MASK: Port 1 Mask Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
P1MASK[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xF4; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7:0
P1MASK[7:0]
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
Port 1 Mask Value.
Selects P1 pins to be compared to the corresponding bits in P1MAT.
0: P1.n pin logic value is ignored and cannot cause a Port Mismatch event.
1: P1.n pin logic value is compared to P1MAT.n.
SFR Definition 18.7. P1MAT: Port 1 Match Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
P1MAT[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xF3; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7:0
P1MAT[7:0]
1
2
1
0
1
1
1
Function
Port 1 Match Value.
Match comparison value used on Port 1 for bits in P1MAT which are set to 1.
0: P1.n pin logic value is compared with logic LOW.
1: P1.n pin logic value is compared with logic HIGH.
158
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 18.8. P2MASK: Port 2 Mask Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
P2MASK[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xB2; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7:0
P2MASK[7:0]
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
Port 2 Mask Value.
Selects P2 pins to be compared to the corresponding bits in P2MAT.
0: P2.n pin logic value is ignored and cannot cause a Port Mismatch event.
1: P2.n pin logic value is compared to P2MAT.n.
Note: Ports 2.2-P2.7 only available on 32-pin packages.
SFR Definition 18.9. P2MAT: Port 2 Match Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
P2MAT[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xB1; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7:0
P2MAT[7:0]
1
2
1
0
1
1
1
Function
Port 2 Match Value.
Match comparison value used on Port 2 for bits in P2MAT which are set to 1.
0: P2.n pin logic value is compared with logic LOW.
1: P2.n pin logic value is compared with logic HIGH.
Note: Ports 2.2-P2.7 only available on 32-pin packages.
Rev. 1.1
159
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 18.10. P3MASK: Port 3 Mask Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P3MASK[0]
Type
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xAF; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7:1
Unused
0
P3MASK[7:0]
Function
Read = 0000000b; Write = Don’t Care.
Port 3 Mask Value.
Selects P3.n pins to be compared to the corresponding bits in P3MAT.
0: P3.n pin logic value is ignored and cannot cause a Port Mismatch event.
1: P3.n pin logic value is compared to P3MAT.n.
Note: P3.0 is only available on the 32-pin packages.
SFR Definition 18.11. P3MAT: Port 3 Match Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P3MAT[0]
Type
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R/W
Reset
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xAE; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7:1
Unused
0
P3MAT[0]
Function
Read = 0000000b; Write = Don’t Care.
Port 3 Match Value.
Match comparison value used on Port 3 for bits in P3MAT which are set to 1.
0: P3.n pin logic value is compared with logic LOW.
1: P3.n pin logic value is compared with logic HIGH.
Note: P3.0 is only available on the 32-pin packages.
160
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
18.6. Special Function Registers for Accessing and Configuring Port I/O
All Port I/O are accessed through corresponding special function registers (SFRs) that are both byte
addressable and bit addressable. When writing to a Port, the value written to the SFR is latched to maintain the output data value at each pin. When reading, the logic levels of the Port's input pins are returned
regardless of the XBRn settings (i.e., even when the pin is assigned to another signal by the Crossbar, the
Port register can always read its corresponding Port I/O pin). The exception to this is the execution of the
read-modify-write instructions that target a Port Latch register as the destination. The read-modify-write
instructions when operating on a Port SFR are the following: ANL, ORL, XRL, JBC, CPL, INC, DEC, DJNZ
and MOV, CLR or SETB, when the destination is an individual bit in a Port SFR. For these instructions, the
value of the latch register (not the pin) is read, modified, and written back to the SFR.
Ports 0–3 have a corresponding PnSKIP register which allows its individual Port pins to be assigned to digital functions or skipped by the Crossbar. All Port pins used for analog functions, GPIO, or dedicated digital
functions such as the EMIF should have their PnSKIP bit set to 1.
The Port input mode of the I/O pins is defined using the Port Input Mode registers (PnMDIN). Each Port
cell can be configured for analog or digital I/O. This selection is required even for the digital resources
selected in the XBRn registers, and is not automatic.
The output driver characteristics of the I/O pins are defined using the Port Output Mode registers (PnMDOUT). Each Port Output driver can be configured as either open drain or push-pull. This selection is
required even for the digital resources selected in the XBRn registers, and is not automatic. The only
exception to this is the SMBus (SDA, SCL) pins, which are configured as open-drain regardless of the
PnMDOUT settings.
SFR Definition 18.12. P0: Port 0
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
P0[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
0
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0x80; SFR Page = All Pages; Bit-Addressable
Bit
Name
Description
Write
7:0
P0[7:0]
Port 0 Data.
Sets the Port latch logic
value or reads the Port pin
logic state in Port cells configured for digital I/O.
0: Set output latch to logic
LOW.
1: Set output latch to logic
HIGH.
Rev. 1.1
Read
0: P0.n Port pin is logic
LOW.
1: P0.n Port pin is logic
HIGH.
161
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 18.13. P0MDIN: Port 0 Input Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
P0MDIN[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
1
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xF1; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
7:0
P0MDIN[7:0]
2
1
0
1
1
1
Function
Analog Configuration Bits for P0.7–P0.0 (respectively).
Port pins configured for analog mode have their weak pull-up and digital receiver
disabled. For analog mode, the pin also needs to be configured for open-drain
mode in the P0MDOUT register.
0: Corresponding P0.n pin is configured for analog mode.
1: Corresponding P0.n pin is not configured for analog mode.
SFR Definition 18.14. P0MDOUT: Port 0 Output Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
P0MDOUT[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xA4; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
7:0 P0MDOUT[7:0] Output Configuration Bits for P0.7–P0.0 (respectively).
These bits are ignored if the corresponding bit in register P0MDIN is logic 0.
0: Corresponding P0.n Output is open-drain.
1: Corresponding P0.n Output is push-pull.
162
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 18.15. P0SKIP: Port 0 Skip
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
P0SKIP[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xD4; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
7:0
P0SKIP[7:0]
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
Port 0 Crossbar Skip Enable Bits.
These bits select Port 0 pins to be skipped by the Crossbar Decoder. Port pins
used for analog, special functions or GPIO should be skipped by the Crossbar.
0: Corresponding P0.n pin is not skipped by the Crossbar.
1: Corresponding P0.n pin is skipped by the Crossbar.
SFR Definition 18.16. P1: Port 1
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
P1[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
0
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0x90; SFR Page = All Pages; Bit-Addressable
Bit
Name
Description
Write
7:0
P1[7:0]
Port 1 Data.
Sets the Port latch logic
value or reads the Port pin
logic state in Port cells configured for digital I/O.
0: Set output latch to logic
LOW.
1: Set output latch to logic
HIGH.
Rev. 1.1
Read
0: P1.n Port pin is logic
LOW.
1: P1.n Port pin is logic
HIGH.
163
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 18.17. P1MDIN: Port 1 Input Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
P1MDIN[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
1
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xF2; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
7:0
P1MDIN[7:0]
2
1
0
1
1
1
Function
Analog Configuration Bits for P1.7–P1.0 (respectively).
Port pins configured for analog mode have their weak pull-up and digital receiver
disabled. For analog mode, the pin also needs to be configured for open-drain
mode in the P1MDOUT register.
0: Corresponding P1.n pin is configured for analog mode.
1: Corresponding P1.n pin is not configured for analog mode.
SFR Definition 18.18. P1MDOUT: Port 1 Output Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
P1MDOUT[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xA5; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
7:0 P1MDOUT[7:0] Output Configuration Bits for P1.7–P1.0 (respectively).
These bits are ignored if the corresponding bit in register P1MDIN is logic 0.
0: Corresponding P1.n Output is open-drain.
1: Corresponding P1.n Output is push-pull.
164
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 18.19. P1SKIP: Port 1 Skip
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
P1SKIP[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xD5; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
7:0
P1SKIP[7:0]
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
Port 1 Crossbar Skip Enable Bits.
These bits select Port 1 pins to be skipped by the Crossbar Decoder. Port pins
used for analog, special functions or GPIO should be skipped by the Crossbar.
0: Corresponding P1.n pin is not skipped by the Crossbar.
1: Corresponding P1.n pin is skipped by the Crossbar.
SFR Definition 18.20. P2: Port 2
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
P2[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
0
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xA0; SFR Page = All Pages; Bit-Addressable
Bit
Name
Description
Write
7:0
P2[7:0]
Port 2Data.
Sets the Port latch logic
value or reads the Port pin
logic state in Port cells configured for digital I/O.
0: Set output latch to logic
LOW.
1: Set output latch to logic
HIGH.
Read
0: P2.n Port pin is logic
LOW.
1: P2.n Port pin is logic
HIGH.
Note: P2.2-P2.7 are only available on the 32-pin packages.
Rev. 1.1
165
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 18.21. P2MDIN: Port 2 Input Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
P2MDIN[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
1
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xF3; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
7:0
P2MDIN[7:0]
2
1
0
1
1
1
Function
Analog Configuration Bits for P2.7–P2.0 (respectively).
Port pins configured for analog mode have their weak pull-up and digital receiver
disabled. For analog mode, the pin also needs to be configured for open-drain
mode in the P2MDOUT register.
0: Corresponding P2.n pin is configured for analog mode.
1: Corresponding P2.n pin is not configured for analog mode.
Note: P2.2-P2.7 are only available on the 32-pin packages.
SFR Definition 18.22. P2MDOUT: Port 2 Output Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
P2MDOUT[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xA6; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
7:0 P2MDOUT[7:0] Output Configuration Bits for P2.7–P2.0 (respectively).
These bits are ignored if the corresponding bit in register P2MDIN is logic 0.
0: Corresponding P2.n Output is open-drain.
1: Corresponding P2.n Output is push-pull.
Note: P2.2-P2.7 are only available on the 32-pin packages.
166
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 18.23. P2SKIP: Port 2 Skip
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
P2SKIP[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xD6; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
7:0
P2SKIP[7:0]
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
Port 2 Crossbar Skip Enable Bits.
These bits select Port 2 pins to be skipped by the Crossbar Decoder. Port pins
used for analog, special functions or GPIO should be skipped by the Crossbar.
0: Corresponding P2.n pin is not skipped by the Crossbar.
1: Corresponding P2.n pin is skipped by the Crossbar.
Note: P2.2-P2.7 are only available on the 32-pin packages.
SFR Definition 18.24. P3: Port 3
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
P3
Type
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R/W
Reset
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xB0; SFR Page = All Pages; Bit-Addressable
Bit
Name
Description
Write
7:1
Unused
0
P3[0]
Read
Read = 0000000b; Write = Don’t Care.
Port 3 Data.
Sets the Port latch logic
value or reads the Port pin
logic state in Port cells configured for digital I/O.
0: Set output latch to logic
LOW.
1: Set output latch to logic
HIGH.
0: P3.n Port pin is logic
LOW.
1: P3.n Port pin is logic
HIGH.
Note: Port P3.0 is only available on the 32-pin packages.
Rev. 1.1
167
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 18.25. P3MDIN: Port 3 Input Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Name
0
P3MDIN[0]
Type
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R/W
Reset
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xF4; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
Function
7:1
Unused
Read = 0000000b; Write = Don’t Care.
0
P3MDIN[0]
Analog Configuration Bits for P3.0.
Port pins configured for analog mode have their weak pull-up and digital receiver
disabled. For analog mode, the pin also needs to be configured for open-drain
mode in the P3MDOUT register.
0: Corresponding P3.n pin is configured for analog mode.
1: Corresponding P3.n pin is not configured for analog mode.
Note: Port P3.0 is only available on the 32-pin packages.
SFR Definition 18.26. P3MDOUT: Port 3 Output Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Name
0
P3MDOUT[0]
Type
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xAE; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
7:1
Unused
Function
Read = 0000000b; Write = Don’t Care.
7:0 P3MDOUT[7:0] Output Configuration Bits for P3.0.
These bits are ignored if the corresponding bit in register P3MDIN is logic 0.
0: Corresponding P3.n Output is open-drain.
1: Corresponding P3.n Output is push-pull.
Note: Port P3.0 is only available on the 32-pin packages.
168
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 18.27. P3SKIP: Port 3Skip
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Name
0
P3SKIP[0]
Type
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xD7; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
7:1
Unused
0
P3SKIP[0]
Function
Read = 0000000b; Write = Don’t Care.
Port 3 Crossbar Skip Enable Bits.
These bits select Port 3 pins to be skipped by the Crossbar Decoder. Port pins
used for analog, special functions or GPIO should be skipped by the Crossbar.
0: Corresponding P3.n pin is not skipped by the Crossbar.
1: Corresponding P3.n pin is skipped by the Crossbar.
Note: Port P3.0 is only available on the 32-pin packages.
Rev. 1.1
169
C8051F54x
19. Local Interconnect Network (LIN)
Important Note: This chapter assumes an understanding of the Local Interconnect Network (LIN) protocol. For more information about the LIN protocol, including specifications, please refer to the LIN consortium (http://www.lin-subbus.org).
LIN is an asynchronous, serial communications interface used primarily in automotive networks. The Silicon Laboratories LIN controller is compliant to the 2.1 Specification, implements a complete hardware LIN
interface and includes the following features:
Selectable Master and Slave modes.
Automatic baud rate option in slave mode.
The internal oscillator is accurate to within 0.5% of 24 MHz across the entire temperature range and for
VDD voltages greater than or equal to the minimum output of the on-chip voltage regulator, so an
external oscillator is not necessary for master mode operation for most systems.
Note: The minimum system clock (SYSCLK) required when using the LIN controller is 8 MHz.
C8051F540/2/4/6
LIN Controller
LIN Data
Registers
8051 MCU Core
LIN Control
Registers
LIN0ADR
LIN0DAT
Indirectly Addressed Registers
TX
Control State Machine
LIN0CF
RX
Figure 19.1. LIN Block Diagram
The LIN controller has four main components:
LIN Access Registers—Provide the interface between the MCU core and the LIN controller.
LIN Data Registers—Where transmitted and received message data bytes are stored.
LIN Control Registers—Control the functionality of the LIN interface.
Control State Machine and Bit Streaming Logic—Contains the hardware that serializes messages and
controls the bus timing of the controller.
Rev. 1.1
170
C8051F54x
19.1. Software Interface with the LIN Controller
The selection of the mode (Master or Slave) and the automatic baud rate feature are done though the LIN0
Control Mode (LIN0CF) register. The other LIN registers are accessed indirectly through the two SFRs
LIN0 Address (LIN0ADR) and LIN0 Data (LIN0DAT). The LIN0ADR register selects which LIN register is
targeted by reads/writes of the LIN0DAT register. The full list of indirectly-accessible LIN registers is given
in Table 19.4 on page 179.
19.2. LIN Interface Setup and Operation
The hardware based LIN controller allows for the implementation of both Master and Slave nodes with
minimal firmware overhead and complete control of the interface status while allowing for interrupt and
polled mode operation.
The first step to use the controller is to define the basic characteristics of the node:
Mode—Master or Slave
Baud Rate—Either defined manually or using the autobaud feature (slave mode only)
Checksum Type—Select between classic or enhanced checksum, both of which are implemented in hardware.
19.2.1. Mode Definition
Following the LIN specification, the controller implements in hardware both the Slave and Master operating
modes. The mode is configured using the MODE bit (LIN0CF.6).
19.2.2. Baud Rate Options: Manual or Autobaud
The LIN controller can be selected to have its baud rate calculated manually or automatically. A master
node must always have its baud rate set manually, but slave nodes can choose between a manual or automatic setup. The configuration is selected using the ABAUD bit (LIN0CF.5).
Both the manual and automatic baud rate configurations require additional setup. The following sections
explain the different options available and their relation with the baud rate, along with the steps necessary
to achieve the required baud rate.
19.2.3. Baud Rate Calculations: Manual Mode
The baud rate used by the LIN controller is a function of the System Clock (SYSCLK) and the LIN timing
registers according to the following equation:
SYSCLK
baud_rate = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------( prescaler + 1 )
2
× divider × ( multiplier + 1 )
The prescaler, divider and multiplier factors are part of the LIN0DIV and LIN0MUL registers and can
assume values in the following range:
Table 19.1. Baud Rate Calculation Variable Ranges
Factor
Range
prescaler
0…3
multiplier
0…31
divider
200…511
Important: The minimum system clock (SYSCLK) to operate the LIN controller is 8 MHz.
171
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
Use the following equations to calculate the values for the variables for the baud-rate equation:
20000
multiplier = ----------------------------- – 1
baud_rate
SYSCLK
prescaler = ln -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------( multiplier + 1 ) × baud_rate × 200
1
-–1
× ------ln2
SYSCLK
divider = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------( prescaler + 1 )
(2
× ( multiplier + 1 ) × baud_rate )
In all of these equations, the results must be rounded down to the nearest integer.
The following example shows the steps for calculating the baud rate values for a Master node running at
24 MHz and communicating at 19200 bits/sec. First, calculate the multiplier:
20000
multiplier = ---------------- – 1 = 0.0417
19200
≅0
Next, calculate the prescaler:
24000000
prescaler = ln ----------------------------------------------------------( 0 + 1 ) × 19200 × 200
1
- – 1 = 1.644 ≅ 1
× ------ln2
Finally, calculate the divider:
24000000
divider = ----------------------------------------------------------------------- = 312.5
(1 + 1)
2
× ( 0 + 1 ) × 19200
These values lead to the following baud rate:
24000000
baud_rate = ---------------------------------------------------------------(1 + 1)
2
× ( 0 + 1 ) × 312
≅ 312
≅ 19230.77
The following code programs the interface in Master mode, using the Enhanced Checksum and enables
the interface to operate at 19230 bits/sec using a 24 MHz system clock.
LIN0CF
LIN0CF
= 0x80;
|= 0x40;
// Activate the interface
// Set the node as a Master
LIN0ADR = 0x0D;
// Point to the LIN0MUL register
// Initialize the register (prescaler, multiplier and bit 8 of divider)
LIN0DAT = ( 0x01 << 6 ) + ( 0x00 << 1 ) + ( ( 0x138 & 0x0100 ) >> 8 );
LIN0ADR
= 0x0C;
// Point to the LIN0DIV register
LIN0DAT
= (unsigned char)_0x138;
// Initialize LIN0DIV
LIN0ADR
LIN0DAT
= 0x0B;
|= 0x80;
LIN0ADR
LIN0DAT
= 0x08;
= 0x0C;
// Point to the LIN0SIZE register
// Initialize the checksum as Enhanced
// Point to LIN0CTRL register
// Reset any error and the interrupt
Table 19.2 includes the configuration values required for the typical system clocks and baud rates:
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Table 19.2. Manual Baud Rate Parameters Examples
Baud (bits/sec)
1
325
1
1
325
3
1
325
19
1
312
24.5
0
1
306
0
1
319
1
1
319
3
1
319
19
1
306
24
0
1
300
0
1
312
1
1
312
3
1
312
19
1
300
22.1184
0
1
276
0
1
288
1
1
288
3
1
288
19
1
276
16
0
1
200
0
1
208
1
1
208
3
1
208
19
1
200
12.25
0
0
306
0
0
319
1
0
319
3
0
319
19
0
306
12
0
0
300
0
0
312
1
0
312
3
0
312
19
0
300
11.0592
0
0
276
0
0
288
1
0
288
3
0
288
19
0
276
8
0
0
200
0
0
208
1
0
208
3
0
208
19
0
200
Div.
Pres.
0
Mult.
Mult.
312
Div.
Pres.
1
Div.
Mult.
0
Div.
25
Div.
Pres.
1K
Mult.
4.8 K
Pres.
9.6 K
Mult.
SYSCLK
(MHz)
19.2 K
Pres.
20 K
19.2.4. Baud Rate Calculations—Automatic Mode
If the LIN controller is configured for slave mode, only the prescaler and divider need to be calculated:
SYSCLK
prescaler = ln ------------------------4000000
1
× -------–1
ln2
SYSCLK
divider = ---------------------------------------------------------------------( prescaler + 1 )
2
× 20000
The following example calculates the values of these variables for a 24 MHz system clock:
24000000
prescaler = ln -------------------------4000000
1
× ------- – 1 = 1.585 ≅ 1
ln2
24000000
divider = --------------------------------------------- = 300
(1 + 1)
2
× 20000
Table 19.3 presents some typical values of system clock and baud rate along with their factors.
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Table 19.3. Autobaud Parameters Examples
System Clock (MHz)
Prescaler
Divider
25
1
312
24.5
1
306
24
1
300
22.1184
1
276
16
1
200
12.25
0
306
12
0
300
11.0592
0
276
8
0
200
19.3. LIN Master Mode Operation
The master node is responsible for the scheduling of messages and sends the header of each frame containing the SYNCH BREAK FIELD, SYNCH FIELD, and IDENTIFIER FIELD. The steps to schedule a message transmission or reception are listed below.
1. Load the 6-bit Identifier into the LIN0ID register.
2. Load the data length into the LIN0SIZE register. Set the value to the number of data bytes or "1111b" if
the data length should be decoded from the identifier. Also, set the checksum type, classic or
enhanced, in the same LIN0SIZE register.
3. Set the data direction by setting the TXRX bit (LIN0CTRL.5). Set the bit to 1 to perform a master
transmit operation, or set the bit to 0 to perform a master receive operation.
4. If performing a master transmit operation, load the data bytes to transmit into the data buffer (LIN0DT1
to LIN0DT8).
5. Set the STREQ bit (LIN0CTRL.0) to start the message transfer. The LIN controller will schedule the
message frame and request an interrupt if the message transfer is successfully completed or if an error
has occurred.
This code segment shows the procedure to schedule a message in a transmission operation:
LIN0ADR
LIN0DAT
LIN0ADR
LIN0DAT
LIN0ADR
LIN0DAT
= 0x08;
|= 0x20;
= 0x0E;
= 0x11;
= 0x0B;
= ( LIN0DAT & 0xF0 ) |
LIN0ADR = 0x00;
for (i=0; i<8; i++)
{
LIN0DAT = i + 0x41;
LIN0ADR++;
}
LIN0ADR = 0x08;
LIN0DAT = 0x01;
// Point to LIN0CTRL
// Select to transmit data
// Point to LIN0ID
// Load the ID, in this example 0x11
// Point to LIN0SIZE
0x08;
// Load the size with 8
// Point to Data buffer first byte
// Load the buffer with ‘A’, ‘B’, ...
// Increment the address to the next buffer
// Point to LIN0CTRL
// Start Request
The application should perform the following steps when an interrupt is requested.
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1. Check the DONE bit (LIN0ST.0) and the ERROR bit (LIN0ST.2).
2. If performing a master receive operation and the transfer was successful, read the received data from
the data buffer.
3. If the transfer was not successful, check the error register to determine the kind of error. Further error
handling has to be done by the application.
4. Set the RSTINT (LIN0CTRL.3) and RSTERR bits (LIN0CTRL.2) to reset the interrupt request and the
error flags.
19.4. LIN Slave Mode Operation
When the device is configured for slave mode operation, it must wait for a command from a master node.
Access from the firmware to the data buffer and ID registers of the LIN controller is only possible when a
data request is pending (DTREQ bit (LIN0ST.4) is 1) and also when the LIN bus is not active (ACTIVE bit
(LIN0ST.7) is set to 0).
The LIN controller in slave mode detects the header of the message frame sent by the LIN master. If slave
synchronization is enabled (autobaud), the slave synchronizes its internal bit time to the master bit time.
The LIN controller configured for slave mode will generated an interrupt in one of three situations:
1. After the reception of the IDENTIFIER FIELD
2. When an error is detected
3. When the message transfer is completed.
The application should perform the following steps when an interrupt is detected:
1. Check the status of the DTREQ bit (LIN0ST.4). This bit is set when the IDENTIFIER FIELD has been
received.
2. If DTREQ (LIN0ST.4) is set, read the identifier from LIN0ID and process it. If DTREQ (LIN0ST.4) is not
set, continue to step 7.
3. Set the TXRX bit (LIN0CTRL.5) to 1 if the current frame is a transmit operation for the slave and set to
0 if the current frame is a receive operation for the slave.
4. Load the data length into LIN0SIZE.
5. For a slave transmit operation, load the data to transmit into the data buffer.
6. Set the DTACK bit (LIN0CTRL.4). Continue to step 10.
7. If DTREQ (LIN0ST.4) is not set, check the DONE bit (LIN0ST.0). The transmission was successful if the
DONE bit is set.
8. If the transmission was successful and the current frame was a receive operation for the slave, load the
received data bytes from the data buffer.
9. If the transmission was not successful, check LIN0ERR to determine the nature of the error. Further
error handling has to be done by the application.
10.Set the RSTINT (LIN0CTRL.3) and RSTERR bits (LIN0CTRL.2) to reset the interrupt request and the
error flags.
In addition to these steps, the application should be aware of the following:
1. If the current frame is a transmit operation for the slave, steps 1 through 5 must be completed during
the IN-FRAME RESPONSE SPACE. If it is not completed in time, a timeout will be detected by the
master.
2. If the current frame is a receive operation for the slave, steps 1 through 5 have to be finished until the
reception of the first byte after the IDENTIFIER FIELD. Otherwise, the internal receive buffer of the LIN
controller will be overwritten and a timeout error will be detected in the LIN controller.
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3. The LIN controller does not directly support LIN Version 1.3 Extended Frames. If the application detects
an unknown identifier (e.g. extended identifier), it has to write a 1 to the STOP bit (LIN0CTRL.7) instead
of setting the DTACK (LIN0CTRL.4) bit. At that time, steps 2 through 5 can then be skipped. In this
situation, the LIN controller stops the processing of LIN communication until the next SYNC BREAK is
received.
4. Changing the configuration of the checksum during a transaction will cause the interface to reset and
the transaction to be lost. To prevent this, the checksum should not be configured while a transaction is
in progress. The same applies to changes in the LIN interface mode from slave mode to master mode
and from master mode to slave mode.
19.5. Sleep Mode and Wake-Up
To reduce the system’s power consumption, the LIN Protocol Specification defines a Sleep Mode. The
message used to broadcast a Sleep Mode request must be transmitted by the LIN master application in
the same way as a normal transmit message. The LIN slave application must decode the Sleep Mode
Frame from the Identifier and data bytes. After that, it has to put the LIN slave node into the Sleep Mode by
setting the SLEEP bit (LIN0CTRL.6).
If the SLEEP bit (LIN0CTRL.6) of the LIN slave application is not set and there is no bus activity for four
seconds (specified bus idle timeout), the IDLTOUT bit (LIN0ST.6) is set and an interrupt request is generated. After that the application may assume that the LIN bus is in Sleep Mode and set the SLEEP bit
(LIN0CTRL.6).
Sending a wake-up signal from the master or any slave node terminates the Sleep Mode of the LIN bus. To
send a wake-up signal, the application has to set the WUPREQ bit (LIN0CTRL.1). After successful transmission of the wake-up signal, the DONE bit (LIN0ST.0) of the master node is set and an interrupt request
is generated. The LIN slave does not generate an interrupt request after successful transmission of the
wake-up signal but it generates an interrupt request if the master does not respond to the wake-up signal
within 150 milliseconds. In that case, the ERROR bit (LIN0ST.2) and TOUT bit (LIN0ERR.2) are set. The
application then has to decide whether or not to transmit another wake-up signal.
All LIN nodes that detect a wake-up signal will set the WAKEUP (LIN0ST.1) and DONE bits (LIN0ST.0) and
generate an interrupt request. After that, the application has to clear the SLEEP bit (LIN0CTRL.6) in the
LIN slave.
19.6. Error Detection and Handling
The LIN controller generates an interrupt request and stops the processing of the current frame if it detects
an error. The application has to check the type of error by processing LIN0ERR. After that, it has to reset
the error register and the ERROR bit (LIN0ST.2) by writing a 1 to the RSTERR bit (LIN0CTRL.2). Starting a
new message with the LIN controller selected as master or sending a Wakeup signal with the LIN controller selected as a master or slave is possible only if the ERROR bit (LIN0ST.2) is set to 0.
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19.7. LIN Registers
The following Special Function Registers (SFRs) and indirect registers are available for the LIN controller.
19.7.1. LIN Direct Access SFR Registers Definitions
SFR Definition 19.1. LIN0ADR: LIN0 Indirect Address Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
LIN0ADR[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xD3; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
7:0 LIN0ADR[7:0] LIN Indirect Address Register Bits.
This register hold an 8-bit address used to indirectly access the LIN0 core registers.
Table 19.4 lists the LIN0 core registers and their indirect addresses. Reads and
writes to LIN0DAT will target the register indicated by the LIN0ADR bits.
SFR Definition 19.2. LIN0DAT: LIN0 Indirect Data Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
LIN0DAT[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xD2; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7:0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
LIN0DAT[7:0] LIN Indirect Data Register Bits.
When this register is read, it will read the contents of the LIN0 core register pointed
to by LIN0ADR.
When this register is written, it will write the value to the LIN0 core register pointed
to by LIN0ADR.
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SFR Definition 19.3. LIN0CF: LIN0 Control Mode Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
LINEN
MODE
ABAUD
Type
R/W
R/W
R/W
R
R
R
R
R
Reset
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xC9; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
7
LINEN
Function
LIN Interface Enable Bit.
0: LIN0 is disabled.
1: LIN0 is enabled.
6
MODE
LIN Mode Selection Bit.
0: LIN0 operates in slave mode.
1: LIN0 operates in master mode.
5
ABAUD
LIN Mode Automatic Baud Rate Selection.
This bit only has an effect when the MODE bit is configured for slave mode.
0: Manual baud rate selection is enabled.
1: Automatic baud rate selection is enabled.
4:0
Unused
Read = 00000b; Write = Don’t Care
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19.7.2. LIN Indirect Access SFR Registers Definitions
Table 19.4 lists the 15 indirect registers used to configured and communicate with the LIN controller.
Table 19.4. LIN Registers* (Indirectly Addressable)
Name
Address
Bit7
Bit6
Bit5
LIN0DT1
0x00
DATA1[7:0]
LIN0DT2
0x01
DATA2[7:0]
LIN0DT3
0x02
DATA3[7:0]
LIN0DT4
0x03
DATA4[7:0]
LIN0DT5
0x04
DATA5[7:0]
LIN0DT6
0x05
DATA67:0]
LIN0DT7
0x06
DATA7[7:0]
LIN0DT8
0x07
DATA8[7:0]
LIN0CTRL
0x08
STOP(s)
SLEEP(s)
LIN0ST
0x09
ACTIVE
IDLTOUT ABORT(s) DTREQ(s)
LIN0ERR
0x0A
LIN0SIZE
0x0B
LIN0DIV
0x0C
LIN0MUL
0x0D
LIN0ID
0x0E
TXRX
Bit4
Bit3
DTACK(s)
Bit2
Bit1
Bit0
RSTINT RSTERR WUPREQ STREQ(m)
LININT
SYNCH(s) PRTY(s)
ENHCHK
ERROR
WAKEUP
DONE
TOUT
CHK
BITERR
LINSIZE[3:0]
DIVLSB[7:0]
PRESCL[1:0]
LINMUL[4:0]
ID5
ID4
ID3
DIV9
ID2
ID1
ID0
*Note: These registers are used in both master and slave mode. The register bits marked with (m) are accessible only in
Master mode while the register bits marked with (s) are accessible only in slave mode. All other registers are
accessible in both modes.
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LIN Register Definition 19.4. LIN0DTn: LIN0 Data Byte n
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
DATAn[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
Indirect Address: LIN0DT1 = 0x00, LIN0DT2 = 0x01, LIN0DT3 = 0x02, LIN0DT4 = 0x03, LIN0DT5 = 0x04,
LIN0DT6 = 0x05, LIN0DT7 = 0x06, LIN0DT8 = 0x07
Bit
Name
Function
7:0
DATAn[7:0]
LIN Data Byte n.
Serial Data Byte that is received or transmitted across the LIN interface.
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LIN Register Definition 19.5. LIN0CTRL: LIN0 Control Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
STOP
SLEEP
TXRX
DTACK
RSTINT
RSTERR
WUPREQ
STREQ
Type
W
R/W
R/W
R/W
W
W
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect Address = 0x08
Bit
Name
7
STOP
Function
Stop Communication Processing Bit. (slave mode only)
This bit always reads as 0.
0: No effect.
1: Block the processing of LIN communications until the next SYNC BREAK signal.
6
SLEEP
Sleep Mode Bit. (slave mode only)
0: Wake the device after receiving a Wakeup interrupt.
1: Put the device into sleep mode after receiving a Sleep Mode frame or a bus idle
timeout.
5
TXRX
Transmit / Receive Selection Bit.
0: Current frame is a receive operation.
1: Current frame is a transmit operation.
4
DTACK
Data Acknowledge Bit. (slave mode only)
Set to 1 after handling a data request interrupt to acknowledge the transfer. The bit
will automatically be cleared to 0 by the LIN controller.
3
RSTINT
Reset Interrupt Bit.
This bit always reads as 0.
0: No effect.
1: Reset the LININT bit (LIN0ST.3).
2
RSTERR
Reset Error Bit.
This bit always reads as 0.
0: No effect.
1: Reset the error bits in LIN0ST and LIN0ERR.
1
WUPREQ
Wakeup Request Bit.
Set to 1 to terminate sleep mode by sending a wakeup signal. The bit will automatically be cleared to 0 by the LIN controller.
0
STREQ
Start Request Bit. (master mode only)
1: Start a LIN transmission. This should be set only after loading the identifier, data
length and data buffer if necessary.
The bit is reset to 0 upon transmission completion or error detection.
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LIN Register Definition 19.6. LIN0ST: LIN0 Status Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
ACTIVE
IDLTOUT
ABORT
DTREQ
LININT
ERROR
WAKEUP
DONE
Type
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect Address = 0x09
Bit
Name
7
ACTIVE
Function
LIN Active Indicator Bit.
0: No transmission activity detected on the LIN bus.
1: Transmission activity detected on the LIN bus.
6
IDLT
Bus Idle Timeout Bit. (slave mode only)
0: The bus has not been idle for four seconds.
1: No bus activity has been detected for four seconds, but the bus is not yet in Sleep
mode.
5
ABORT
Aborted Transmission Bit. (slave mode only)
0: The current transmission has not been interrupted or stopped. This bit is reset to 0
after receiving a SYNCH BREAK that does not interrupt a pending transmission.
1: New SYNCH BREAK detected before the end of the last transmission or the STOP
bit (LIN0CTRL.7) has been set.
4
DTREQ
Data Request Bit. (slave mode only)
0: Data identifier has not been received.
1: Data identifier has been received.
3
LININT
Interrupt Request Bit.
0: An interrupt is not pending. This bit is cleared by setting RSTINT (LIN0CTRL.3)
1: There is a pending LIN0 interrupt.
2
ERROR
Communication Error Bit.
0: No error has been detected. This bit is cleared by setting RSTERR (LIN0CTRL.2)
1: An error has been detected.
1
WAKEUP
Wakeup Bit.
0: A wakeup signal is not being transmitted and has not been received.
1: A wakeup signal is being transmitted or has been received
0
DONE
Transmission Complete Bit.
0: A transmission is not in progress or has not been started. This bit is cleared at the
start of a transmission.
1: The current transmission is complete.
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LIN Register Definition 19.7. LIN0ERR: LIN0 Error Register
Bit
7
6
5
Name
4
3
2
1
0
SYNCH
PRTY
TOUT
CHK
BITERR
Type
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indirect Address = 0x0A
Bit
Name
Function
7:5
Unused
Read = 000b; Write = Don’t Care
4
SYNCH
Synchronization Error Bit (slave mode only).
0: No error with the SYNCH FIELD has been detected.
1: Edges of the SYNCH FIELD are outside of the maximum tolerance.
3
PRTY
Parity Error Bit (slave mode only).
0: No parity error has been detected.
1: A parity error has been detected.
2
TOUT
Timeout Error Bit.
0: A timeout error has not been detected.
1: A timeout error has been detected. This error is detected whenever one of the following conditions is met:
• The master is expecting data from a slave and the slave does not respond.
• The slave is expecting data but no data is transmitted on the bus.
• A frame is not finished within the maximum frame length.
• The application does not set the DTACK bit (LIN0CTRL.4) or STOP bit
(LIN0CTRL.7) until the end of the reception of the first byte after the identifier.
1
CHK
Checksum Error Bit.
0: Checksum error has not been detected.
1: Checksum error has been detected.
0
BITERR
Bit Transmission Error Bit.
0: No error in transmission has been detected.
1: The bit value monitored during transmission is different than the bit value sent.
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LIN Register Definition 19.8. LIN0SIZE: LIN0 Message Size Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
ENHCHK
Type
R/W
R
R
R
Reset
0
0
0
0
3
ENHCHK
6:4
Unused
3:0
1
0
LINSIZE[3:0]
R/W
0
Indirect Address = 0x0B
Bit
Name
7
2
0
0
0
Function
Checksum Selection Bit.
0: Use the classic, specification 1.3 compliant checksum. Checksum covers the
data bytes.
1: Use the enhanced, specification 2.0 compliant checksum. Checksum covers data
bytes and protected identifier.
Read = 000b; Write = Don’t Care
LINSIZE[3:0] Data Field Size.
0000: 0 data bytes
0001: 1 data byte
0010: 2 data bytes
0011: 3 data bytes
0100: 4 data bytes
0101: 5 data bytes
0110: 6 data bytes
0111: 7 data bytes
1000: 8 data bytes
1001-1110: RESERVED
1111: Use the ID[1:0] bits (LIN0ID[5:4]) to determine the data length.
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LIN Register Definition 19.9. LIN0DIV: LIN0 Divider Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
DIVLSB[3:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
1
1
1
1
1
Indirect Address = 0x0C
Bit
Name
7:0
DIVLSB
2
1
0
1
1
1
Function
LIN Baud Rate Divider Least Significant Bits.
The 8 least significant bits for the baud rate divider. The 9th and most significant bit
is the DIV9 bit (LIN0MUL.0). The valid range for the divider is 200 to 511.
LIN Register Definition 19.10. LIN0MUL: LIN0 Multiplier Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
PRESCL[1:0]
LINMUL[4:0]
DIV9
Type
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
1
1
1
1
Indirect Address = 0x0D
Bit
Name
1
1
1
1
Function
7:6
PRESCL[1:0] LIN Baud Rate Prescaler Bits.
These bits are the baud rate prescaler bits.
5:1
LINMUL[4:0] LIN Baud Rate Multiplier Bits.
These bits are the baud rate multiplier bits. These bits are not used in slave mode.
0
185
DIV9
LIN Baud Rate Divider Most Significant Bit.
The most significant bit of the baud rate divider. The 8 least significant bits are in
LIN0DIV. The valid range for the divider is 200 to 511.
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
LIN Register Definition 19.11. LIN0ID: LIN0 Identifier Register
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
2
1
0
0
0
0
ID[5:0]
Type
R
R
Reset
0
0
R/W
0
0
0
Indirect Address = 0x0E
Bit
Name
Function
7:6
Unused
Read = 00b; Write = Don’t Care.
5:0
ID[5:0]
LIN Identifier Bits.
These bits form the data identifier.
If the LINSIZE bits (LIN0SIZE[3:0]) are 1111b, bits ID[5:4] are used to determine the
data size and are interpreted as follows:
00: 2 bytes
01: 2 bytes
10: 4 bytes
11: 8 bytes
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20. SMBus
The SMBus I/O interface is a two-wire, bi-directional serial bus. The SMBus is compliant with the System
Management Bus Specification, version 1.1, and compatible with the I2C serial bus. Reads and writes to
the interface by the system controller are byte oriented with the SMBus interface autonomously controlling
the serial transfer of the data. Data can be transferred at up to 1/20th of the system clock as a master or
slave (this can be faster than allowed by the SMBus specification, depending on the system clock used). A
method of extending the clock-low duration is available to accommodate devices with different speed
capabilities on the same bus.
The SMBus interface may operate as a master and/or slave, and may function on a bus with multiple masters. The SMBus provides control of SDA (serial data), SCL (serial clock) generation and synchronization,
arbitration logic, and START/STOP control and generation. A block diagram of the SMBus peripheral and
the associated SFRs is shown in Figure 20.1.
SMB0CN
M T S S A A A S
A X T T CR C I
SMAOK B K
T O
R L
E D
QO
R E
S
T
Interrupt
Request
SMB0CF
E I B E S S S S
N N U XMMMM
S H S T B B B B
M Y H T F CC
B
OO T S S
L E E 1 0
D
SMBUS CONTROL LOGIC
Arbitration
SCL Synchronization
SCL Generation (Master Mode)
SDA Control
IRQ Generation
00
T0 Overflow
01
T1 Overflow
10
TMR2H Overflow
11
TMR2L Overflow
SCL
FILTER
SCL
Control
Data Path
Control
C
R
O
S
S
B
A
R
N
SDA
Control
SMB0DAT
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Port I/O
SDA
FILTER
N
Figure 20.1. SMBus Block Diagram
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20.1. Supporting Documents
It is assumed the reader is familiar with or has access to the following supporting documents:
1. The I2C-Bus and How to Use It (including specifications), Philips Semiconductor.
2. The I2C-Bus Specification—Version 2.0, Philips Semiconductor.
3. System Management Bus Specification—Version 1.1, SBS Implementers Forum.
20.2. SMBus Configuration
Figure 20.2 shows a typical SMBus configuration. The SMBus specification allows any recessive voltage
between 3.0 V and 5.0 V; different devices on the bus may operate at different voltage levels. The bi-directional SCL (serial clock) and SDA (serial data) lines must be connected to a positive power supply voltage
through a pullup resistor or similar circuit. Every device connected to the bus must have an open-drain or
open-collector output for both the SCL and SDA lines, so that both are pulled high (recessive state) when
the bus is free. The maximum number of devices on the bus is limited only by the requirement that the rise
and fall times on the bus not exceed 300 ns and 1000 ns, respectively.
VIO = 5 V
VIO = 3 V
VIO = 5 V
VIO = 3 V
Master
Device
Slave
Device 1
Slave
Device 2
SDA
SCL
Figure 20.2. Typical SMBus Configuration
20.3. SMBus Operation
Two types of data transfers are possible: data transfers from a master transmitter to an addressed slave
receiver (WRITE), and data transfers from an addressed slave transmitter to a master receiver (READ).
The master device initiates both types of data transfers and provides the serial clock pulses on SCL. The
SMBus interface may operate as a master or a slave, and multiple master devices on the same bus are
supported. If two or more masters attempt to initiate a data transfer simultaneously, an arbitration scheme
is employed with a single master always winning the arbitration. It is not necessary to specify one device
as the Master in a system; any device who transmits a START and a slave address becomes the master
for the duration of that transfer.
A typical SMBus transaction consists of a START condition followed by an address byte (Bits7–1: 7-bit
slave address; Bit0: R/W direction bit), one or more bytes of data, and a STOP condition. Bytes that are
received (by a master or slave) are acknowledged (ACK) with a low SDA during a high SCL (see
Figure 20.3). If the receiving device does not ACK, the transmitting device will read a NACK (not acknowledge), which is a high SDA during a high SCL.
The direction bit (R/W) occupies the least-significant bit position of the address byte. The direction bit is set
to logic 1 to indicate a "READ" operation and cleared to logic 0 to indicate a "WRITE" operation.
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All transactions are initiated by a master, with one or more addressed slave devices as the target. The
master generates the START condition and then transmits the slave address and direction bit. If the transaction is a WRITE operation from the master to the slave, the master transmits the data a byte at a time
waiting for an ACK from the slave at the end of each byte. For READ operations, the slave transmits the
data waiting for an ACK from the master at the end of each byte. At the end of the data transfer, the master
generates a STOP condition to terminate the transaction and free the bus. Figure 20.3 illustrates a typical
SMBus transaction.
SCL
SDA
SLA6
START
SLA5-0
Slave Address + R/W
R/W
D7
ACK
D6-0
Data Byte
NACK
STOP
Figure 20.3. SMBus Transaction
20.3.1. Transmitter Vs. Receiver
On the SMBus communications interface, a device is the “transmitter” when it is sending an address or
data byte to another device on the bus. A device is a “receiver” when an address or data byte is being sent
to it from another device on the bus. The transmitter controls the SDA line during the address or data byte.
After each byte of address or data information is sent by the transmitter, the receiver sends an ACK or
NACK bit during the ACK phase of the transfer, during which time the receiver controls the SDA line.
20.3.2. Arbitration
A master may start a transfer only if the bus is free. The bus is free after a STOP condition or after the SCL
and SDA lines remain high for a specified time (see Section “20.3.5. SCL High (SMBus Free) Timeout” on
page 190). In the event that two or more devices attempt to begin a transfer at the same time, an arbitration scheme is employed to force one master to give up the bus. The master devices continue transmitting
until one attempts a HIGH while the other transmits a LOW. Since the bus is open-drain, the bus will be
pulled LOW. The master attempting the HIGH will detect a LOW SDA and lose the arbitration. The winning
master continues its transmission without interruption; the losing master becomes a slave and receives the
rest of the transfer if addressed. This arbitration scheme is non-destructive: one device always wins, and
no data is lost.
20.3.3. Clock Low Extension
SMBus provides a clock synchronization mechanism, similar to I2C, which allows devices with different
speed capabilities to coexist on the bus. A clock-low extension is used during a transfer in order to allow
slower slave devices to communicate with faster masters. The slave may temporarily hold the SCL line
LOW to extend the clock low period, effectively decreasing the serial clock frequency.
20.3.4. SCL Low Timeout
If the SCL line is held low by a slave device on the bus, no further communication is possible. Furthermore,
the master cannot force the SCL line high to correct the error condition. To solve this problem, the SMBus
protocol specifies that devices participating in a transfer must detect any clock cycle held low longer than
25 ms as a “timeout” condition. Devices that have detected the timeout condition must reset the communication no later than 10 ms after detecting the timeout condition.
When the SMBTOE bit in SMB0CF is set, Timer 3 is used to detect SCL low timeouts. Timer 3 is forced to
reload when SCL is high, and allowed to count when SCL is low. With Timer 3 enabled and configured to
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overflow after 25 ms (and SMBTOE set), the Timer 3 interrupt service routine can be used to reset (disable
and re-enable) the SMBus in the event of an SCL low timeout.
20.3.5. SCL High (SMBus Free) Timeout
The SMBus specification stipulates that if the SCL and SDA lines remain high for more that 50 µs, the bus
is designated as free. When the SMBFTE bit in SMB0CF is set, the bus will be considered free if SCL and
SDA remain high for more than 10 SMBus clock source periods (as defined by the timer configured for the
SMBus clock source). If the SMBus is waiting to generate a Master START, the START will be generated
following this timeout. Note that a clock source is required for free timeout detection, even in a slave-only
implementation.
20.4. Using the SMBus
The SMBus can operate in both Master and Slave modes. The interface provides timing and shifting control for serial transfers; higher level protocol is determined by user software. The SMBus interface provides
the following application-independent features:
Byte-wise serial data transfers
Clock signal generation on SCL (Master Mode only) and SDA data synchronization
Timeout/bus error recognition, as defined by the SMB0CF configuration register
START/STOP timing, detection, and generation
Bus arbitration
Interrupt generation
Status information
SMBus interrupts are generated for each data byte or slave address that is transferred. The point at which
the interrupt is generated depends on whether the hardware is acting as a data transmitter or receiver.
When a transmitter (i.e., sending address/data, receiving an ACK), this interrupt is generated after the ACK
cycle so that software may read the received ACK value; when receiving data (i.e. receiving address/data,
sending an ACK), this interrupt is generated before the ACK cycle so that software may define the outgoing ACK value. See Section 20.5 for more details on transmission sequences.
Interrupts are also generated to indicate the beginning of a transfer when a master (START generated), or
the end of a transfer when a slave (STOP detected). Software should read the SMB0CN (SMBus Control
register) to find the cause of the SMBus interrupt. The SMB0CN register is described in Section 20.4.2;
Table 20.4 provides a quick SMB0CN decoding reference.
20.4.1. SMBus Configuration Register
The SMBus Configuration register (SMB0CF) is used to enable the SMBus Master and/or Slave modes,
select the SMBus clock source, and select the SMBus timing and timeout options. When the ENSMB bit is
set, the SMBus is enabled for all master and slave events. Slave events may be disabled by setting the
INH bit. With slave events inhibited, the SMBus interface will still monitor the SCL and SDA pins; however,
the interface will NACK all received addresses and will not generate any slave interrupts. When the INH bit
is set, all slave events will be inhibited following the next START (interrupts will continue for the duration of
the current transfer).
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Table 20.1. SMBus Clock Source Selection
SMBCS1
SMBCS0
SMBus Clock Source
0
0
Timer 0 Overflow
0
1
Timer 1 Overflow
1
0
Timer 2 High Byte Overflow
1
1
Timer 2 Low Byte Overflow
The SMBCS1–0 bits select the SMBus clock source, which is used only when operating as a master or
when the Free Timeout detection is enabled. When operating as a master, overflows from the selected
source determine the absolute minimum SCL low and high times as defined in Equation 20.1. Note that the
selected clock source may be shared by other peripherals so long as the timer is left running at all times.
For example, Timer 1 overflows may generate the SMBus and UART baud rates simultaneously. Timer
configuration is covered in Section “23. Timers” on page 227.
1
T HighMin = T LowMin = ------------------------------------------------f ClockSourceOverflow
Equation 20.1. Minimum SCL High and Low Times
The selected clock source should be configured to establish the minimum SCL High and Low times as per
Equation 20.1. When the interface is operating as a master (and SCL is not driven or extended by any
other devices on the bus), the typical SMBus bit rate is approximated by Equation 20.2.
f ClockSourceOverflow
BitRate = ------------------------------------------------3
Equation 20.2. Typical SMBus Bit Rate
Figure 20.4 shows the typical SCL generation described by Equation 20.2. Notice that THIGH is typically
twice as large as TLOW. The actual SCL output may vary due to other devices on the bus (SCL may be
extended low by slower slave devices, or driven low by contending master devices). The bit rate when
operating as a master will never exceed the limits defined by equation Equation 20.1.
Timer Source
Overflows
SCL
TLow
THigh
SCL High Timeout
Figure 20.4. Typical SMBus SCL Generation
Setting the EXTHOLD bit extends the minimum setup and hold times for the SDA line. The minimum SDA
setup time defines the absolute minimum time that SDA is stable before SCL transitions from low-to-high.
The minimum SDA hold time defines the absolute minimum time that the current SDA value remains stable
after SCL transitions from high-to-low. EXTHOLD should be set so that the minimum setup and hold times
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meet the SMBus Specification requirements of 250 ns and 300 ns, respectively. Table 20.2 shows the minimum setup and hold times for the two EXTHOLD settings. Setup and hold time extensions are typically
necessary when SYSCLK is above 10 MHz.
Table 20.2. Minimum SDA Setup and Hold Times
EXTHOLD
Minimum SDA Setup Time
Minimum SDA Hold Time
0
Tlow – 4 system clocks
or
1 system clock + s/w delay*
3 system clocks
1
11 system clocks
12 system clocks
*Note: Setup Time for ACK bit transmissions and the MSB of all data transfers. When using
software acknowledgement, the s/w delay occurs between the time SMB0DAT or
ACK is written and when SI is cleared. Note that if SI is cleared in the same write
that defines the outgoing ACK value, s/w delay is zero.
With the SMBTOE bit set, Timer 3 should be configured to overflow after 25 ms in order to detect SCL low
timeouts (see Section “20.3.4. SCL Low Timeout” on page 189). The SMBus interface will force Timer 3 to
reload while SCL is high, and allow Timer 3 to count when SCL is low. The Timer 3 interrupt service routine
should be used to reset SMBus communication by disabling and re-enabling the SMBus.
SMBus Free Timeout detection can be enabled by setting the SMBFTE bit. When this bit is set, the bus will
be considered free if SDA and SCL remain high for more than 10 SMBus clock source periods (see
Figure 20.4).
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SFR Definition 20.1. SMB0CF: SMBus Clock/Configuration
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
ENSMB
INH
BUSY
Type
R/W
R/W
R
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
3
EXTHOLD SMBTOE
SFR Address = 0xC1; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7
ENSMB
2
1
0
SMBFTE
SMBCS[1:0]
R/W
R/W
R/W
0
0
0
0
Function
SMBus Enable.
This bit enables the SMBus interface when set to 1. When enabled, the interface
constantly monitors the SDA and SCL pins.
6
INH
SMBus Slave Inhibit.
When this bit is set to logic 1, the SMBus does not generate an interrupt when slave
events occur. This effectively removes the SMBus slave from the bus. Master Mode
interrupts are not affected.
5
BUSY
SMBus Busy Indicator.
This bit is set to logic 1 by hardware when a transfer is in progress. It is cleared to
logic 0 when a STOP or free-timeout is sensed.
4
EXTHOLD
SMBus Setup and Hold Time Extension Enable.
This bit controls the SDA setup and hold times according to Table 20.2.
0: SDA Extended Setup and Hold Times disabled.
1: SDA Extended Setup and Hold Times enabled.
3
SMBTOE
SMBus SCL Timeout Detection Enable.
This bit enables SCL low timeout detection. If set to logic 1, the SMBus forces
Timer 3 to reload while SCL is high and allows Timer 3 to count when SCL goes low.
If Timer 3 is configured to Split Mode, only the High Byte of the timer is held in reload
while SCL is high. Timer 3 should be programmed to generate interrupts at 25 ms,
and the Timer 3 interrupt service routine should reset SMBus communication.
2
SMBFTE
SMBus Free Timeout Detection Enable.
When this bit is set to logic 1, the bus will be considered free if SCL and SDA remain
high for more than 10 SMBus clock source periods.
1:0 SMBCS[1:0] SMBus Clock Source Selection.
These two bits select the SMBus clock source, which is used to generate the SMBus
bit rate. The selected device should be configured according to Equation 20.1.
00: Timer 0 Overflow
01: Timer 1 Overflow
10:Timer 2 High Byte Overflow
11: Timer 2 Low Byte Overflow
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20.4.2. SMB0CN Control Register
SMB0CN is used to control the interface and to provide status information (see SFR Definition 20.2). The
higher four bits of SMB0CN (MASTER, TXMODE, STA, and STO) form a status vector that can be used to
jump to service routines. MASTER indicates whether a device is the master or slave during the current
transfer. TXMODE indicates whether the device is transmitting or receiving data for the current byte.
STA and STO indicate that a START and/or STOP has been detected or generated since the last SMBus
interrupt. STA and STO are also used to generate START and STOP conditions when operating as a master. Writing a 1 to STA will cause the SMBus interface to enter Master Mode and generate a START when
the bus becomes free (STA is not cleared by hardware after the START is generated). Writing a 1 to STO
while in Master Mode will cause the interface to generate a STOP and end the current transfer after the
next ACK cycle. If STO and STA are both set (while in Master Mode), a STOP followed by a START will be
generated.
As a receiver, writing the ACK bit defines the outgoing ACK value; as a transmitter, reading the ACK bit
indicates the value received during the last ACK cycle. ACKRQ is set each time a byte is received, indicating that an outgoing ACK value is needed. When ACKRQ is set, software should write the desired outgoing
value to the ACK bit before clearing SI. A NACK will be generated if software does not write the ACK bit
before clearing SI. SDA will reflect the defined ACK value immediately following a write to the ACK bit;
however SCL will remain low until SI is cleared. If a received slave address is not acknowledged, further
slave events will be ignored until the next START is detected.
The ARBLOST bit indicates that the interface has lost an arbitration. This may occur anytime the interface
is transmitting (master or slave). A lost arbitration while operating as a slave indicates a bus error condition. ARBLOST is cleared by hardware each time SI is cleared.
The SI bit (SMBus Interrupt Flag) is set at the beginning and end of each transfer, after each byte frame, or
when an arbitration is lost; see Table 20.3 for more details.
Important Note About the SI Bit: The SMBus interface is stalled while SI is set; thus SCL is held low, and
the bus is stalled until software clears SI.
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SFR Definition 20.2. SMB0CN: SMBus Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
MASTER
TXMODE
STA
STO
ACKRQ
ARBLOST
ACK
SI
Type
R
R
R/W
R/W
R
R
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xC0; Bit-Addressable; SFR Page =0x00
Bit
Name
Description
Read
Write
7
MASTER SMBus Master/Slave
Indicator. This read-only bit
indicates when the SMBus is
operating as a master.
0: SMBus operating in
slave mode.
1: SMBus operating in
master mode.
N/A
6
TXMODE SMBus Transmit Mode
Indicator. This read-only bit
indicates when the SMBus is
operating as a transmitter.
0: SMBus in Receiver
Mode.
1: SMBus in Transmitter
Mode.
N/A
5
STA
SMBus Start Flag.
0: No Start or repeated
Start detected.
1: Start or repeated Start
detected.
0: No Start generated.
1: When Configured as a
Master, initiates a START
or repeated START.
4
STO
SMBus Stop Flag.
0: No Stop condition
detected.
1: Stop condition detected
(if in Slave Mode) or pending (if in Master Mode).
0: No STOP condition is
transmitted.
1: When configured as a
Master, causes a STOP
condition to be transmitted after the next ACK
cycle.
Cleared by Hardware.
3
ACKRQ
SMBus Acknowledge
Request.
0: No Ack requested
1: ACK requested
N/A
0: No arbitration error.
1: Arbitration Lost
N/A
0: NACK received.
1: ACK received.
0: Send NACK
1: Send ACK
2
ARBLOST SMBus Arbitration Lost
Indicator.
1
ACK
0
SI
SMBus Acknowledge.
SMBus Interrupt Flag.
0: No interrupt pending
This bit is set by hardware
1: Interrupt Pending
under the conditions listed in
Table 15.3. SI must be cleared
by software. While SI is set,
SCL is held low and the
SMBus is stalled.
Rev. 1.1
0: Clear interrupt, and initiate next state machine
event.
1: Force interrupt.
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Table 20.3. Sources for Hardware Changes to SMB0CN
Bit
Set by Hardware When:
Cleared by Hardware When:
MASTER
A START is generated.
TXMODE
START is generated.
SMB0DAT is written before the start of an
SMBus frame.
A STOP is generated.
Arbitration is lost.
A START is detected.
Arbitration is lost.
SMB0DAT is not written before the
start of an SMBus frame.
STA
A START followed by an address byte is
received.
Must be cleared by software.
STO
A STOP is detected while addressed as a
slave.
Arbitration is lost due to a detected STOP.
A pending STOP is generated.
ACKRQ
A byte has been received and an ACK
response value is needed.
After each ACK cycle.
ARBLOST
A repeated START is detected as a
MASTER when STA is low (unwanted
repeated START).
SCL is sensed low while attempting to
generate a STOP or repeated START
condition.
SDA is sensed low while transmitting a 1
(excluding ACK bits).
Each time SI is cleared.
ACK
The incoming ACK value is low
(ACKNOWLEDGE).
The incoming ACK value is high
(NOT ACKNOWLEDGE).
SI
A START has been generated.
Lost arbitration.
A byte has been transmitted and an
ACK/NACK received.
A byte has been received.
A START or repeated START followed by a
slave address + R/W has been received.
A STOP has been received.
Must be cleared by software.
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20.4.3. Data Register
The SMBus Data register SMB0DAT holds a byte of serial data to be transmitted or one that has just been
received. Software may safely read or write to the data register when the SI flag is set. Software should not
attempt to access the SMB0DAT register when the SMBus is enabled and the SI flag is cleared to logic 0,
as the interface may be in the process of shifting a byte of data into or out of the register.
Data in SMB0DAT is always shifted out MSB first. After a byte has been received, the first bit of received
data is located at the MSB of SMB0DAT. While data is being shifted out, data on the bus is simultaneously
being shifted in. SMB0DAT always contains the last data byte present on the bus. In the event of lost arbitration, the transition from master transmitter to slave receiver is made with the correct data or address in
SMB0DAT.
SFR Definition 20.3. SMB0DAT: SMBus Data
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
SMB0DAT[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xC2; SMB0DAT = 0x00
Bit
Name
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
7:0 SMB0DAT[7:0] SMBus Data.
The SMB0DAT register contains a byte of data to be transmitted on the SMBus
serial interface or a byte that has just been received on the SMBus serial interface.
The CPU can read from or write to this register whenever the SI serial interrupt flag
(SMB0CN.0) is set to logic 1. The serial data in the register remains stable as long
as the SI flag is set. When the SI flag is not set, the system may be in the process
of shifting data in/out and the CPU should not attempt to access this register.
20.5. SMBus Transfer Modes
The SMBus interface may be configured to operate as master and/or slave. At any particular time, it will be
operating in one of the following four modes: Master Transmitter, Master Receiver, Slave Transmitter, or
Slave Receiver. The SMBus interface enters Master Mode any time a START is generated, and remains in
Master Mode until it loses an arbitration or generates a STOP. An SMBus interrupt is generated at the end
of all SMBus byte frames. As a receiver, the interrupt for an ACK occurs before the ACK. As a transmitter,
interrupts occur after the ACK.
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20.5.1. Write Sequence (Master)
During a write sequence, an SMBus master writes data to a slave device. The master in this transfer will be
a transmitter during the address byte, and a transmitter during all data bytes. The SMBus interface generates the START condition and transmits the first byte containing the address of the target slave and the
data direction bit. In this case the data direction bit (R/W) will be logic 0 (WRITE). The master then transmits one or more bytes of serial data. After each byte is transmitted, an acknowledge bit is generated by
the slave. The transfer is ended when the STO bit is set and a STOP is generated. Note that the interface
will switch to Master Receiver Mode if SMB0DAT is not written following a Master Transmitter interrupt.
Figure 20.5 shows a typical master write sequence. Two transmit data bytes are shown, though any number of bytes may be transmitted. Notice that all of the ‘data byte transferred’ interrupts occur after the ACK
cycle in this mode.
S
SLA
W
A
Data Byte
A
Data Byte
A
Interrupts
S = START
P = STOP
A = ACK
W = WRITE
SLA = Slave Address
Received by SMBus
Interface
Transmitted by
SMBus Interface
Figure 20.5. Typical Master Write Sequence
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20.5.2. Read Sequence (Master)
During a read sequence, an SMBus master reads data from a slave device. The master in this transfer will
be a transmitter during the address byte, and a receiver during all data bytes. The SMBus interface generates the START condition and transmits the first byte containing the address of the target slave and the
data direction bit. In this case the data direction bit (R/W) will be logic 1 (READ). Serial data is then
received from the slave on SDA while the SMBus outputs the serial clock. The slave transmits one or more
bytes of serial data. An interrupt is generated after each received byte.
Software must write the ACK bit at that time to ACK or NACK the received byte. Writing a 1 to the ACK bit
generates an ACK; writing a 0 generates a NACK. Software should write a 0 to the ACK bit for the last data
transfer, to transmit a NACK. The interface exits Master Receiver Mode after the STO bit is set and a
STOP is generated. The interface will switch to Master Transmitter Mode if SMB0DAT is written while an
active Master Receiver. Figure 20.6 shows a typical master read sequence. Two received data bytes are
shown, though any number of bytes may be received. Notice that the ‘data byte transferred’ interrupts
occur before the ACK cycle in this mode.
S
SLA
R
A
Data Byte
A
Data Byte
N
P
Interrupts
S = START
P = STOP
A = ACK
N = NACK
R = READ
SLA = Slave Address
Received by SMBus
Interface
Transmitted by
SMBus Interface
Figure 20.6. Typical Master Read Sequence
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20.5.3. Write Sequence (Slave)
During a write sequence, an SMBus master writes data to a slave device. The slave in this transfer will be
a receiver during the address byte, and a receiver during all data bytes. When slave events are enabled
(INH = 0), the interface enters Slave Receiver Mode when a START followed by a slave address and direction bit (WRITE in this case) is received. Upon entering Slave Receiver Mode, an interrupt is generated
and the ACKRQ bit is set. The software must respond to the received slave address with an ACK, or ignore
the received slave address with a NACK.
If the received slave address is ignored, slave interrupts will be inhibited until the next START is detected.
If the received slave address is acknowledged, zero or more data bytes are received. Software must write
the ACK bit at that time to ACK or NACK the received byte.
The interface exits Slave Receiver Mode after receiving a STOP. Note that the interface will switch to Slave
Transmitter Mode if SMB0DAT is written while an active Slave Receiver. Figure 20.7 shows a typical slave
write sequence. Two received data bytes are shown, though any number of bytes may be received. Notice
that the ‘data byte transferred’ interrupts occur before the ACK in this mode.
S
SLA
W A
Data Byte
A
Data Byte
A
Interrupts
S = START
P = STOP
A = ACK
W= WRITE
SLA = Slave Address
Received by SMBus
Interface
Transmitted by
SMBus Interface
Figure 20.7. Typical Slave Write Sequence
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20.5.4. Read Sequence (Slave)
During a read sequence, an SMBus master reads data from a slave device. The slave in this transfer will
be a receiver during the address byte, and a transmitter during all data bytes. When slave events are
enabled (INH = 0), the interface enters Slave Receiver Mode (to receive the slave address) when a START
followed by a slave address and direction bit (READ in this case) is received. Upon entering Slave
Receiver Mode, an interrupt is generated and the ACKRQ bit is set. The software must respond to the
received slave address with an ACK, or ignore the received slave address with a NACK. The interrupt will
occur after the ACK cycle.
If the received slave address is ignored, slave interrupts will be inhibited until the next START is detected.
If the received slave address is acknowledged, zero or more data bytes are transmitted. If the received
slave address is acknowledged, data should be written to SMB0DAT to be transmitted. The interface
enters Slave Transmitter Mode, and transmits one or more bytes of data. After each byte is transmitted, the
master sends an acknowledge bit; if the acknowledge bit is an ACK, SMB0DAT should be written with the
next data byte. If the acknowledge bit is a NACK, SMB0DAT should not be written to before SI is cleared
(Note: an error condition may be generated if SMB0DAT is written following a received NACK while in
Slave Transmitter Mode). The interface exits Slave Transmitter Mode after receiving a STOP. Note that the
interface will switch to Slave Receiver Mode if SMB0DAT is not written following a Slave Transmitter interrupt. Figure 20.8 shows a typical slave read sequence. Two transmitted data bytes are shown, though any
number of bytes may be transmitted. Notice that all of the ‘data byte transferred’ interrupts occur after the
ACK cycle in this mode.
S
SLA
R
A
Data Byte
A
Data Byte
N
P
Interrupts
S = START
P = STOP
N = NACK
R = READ
SLA = Slave Address
Received by SMBus
Interface
Transmitted by
SMBus Interface
Figure 20.8. Typical Slave Read Sequence
20.6. SMBus Status Decoding
The current SMBus status can be easily decoded using the SMB0CN register. In the tables, STATUS
VECTOR refers to the four upper bits of SMB0CN: MASTER, TXMODE, STA, and STO. The shown
response options are only the typical responses; application-specific procedures are allowed as long as
they conform to the SMBus specification. Highlighted responses are allowed by hardware but do not conform to the SMBus specification.
Rev. 1.1
201
C8051F54x
Table 20.4. SMBus Status Decoding
ACK
Next Status
Vector Expected
1100
A master data or address byte Set STA to restart transfer.
was transmitted; NACK
Abort transfer.
received.
1
0 X
1110
0
1 X
—
A master data or address byte Load next data byte into
was transmitted; ACK
SMB0DAT.
received.
End transfer with STOP.
0
0 X
1100
0
1 X
—
End transfer with STOP and start 1
another transfer.
1 X
—
Send repeated START.
1
0 X
1110
Switch to Master Receiver Mode 0
(clear SI without writing new data
to SMB0DAT).
0 X
1000
Acknowledge received byte;
Read SMB0DAT.
0
0
1
1000
Send NACK to indicate last byte, 0
and send STOP.
1
0
—
Send NACK to indicate last byte, 1
and send STOP followed by
START.
1
0
1110
1
0
1
1110
Send NACK to indicate last byte, 1
and send repeated START.
0
0
1110
Send ACK and switch to Master
Transmitter Mode (write to
SMB0DAT before clearing SI).
0
0
1
1100
Send NACK and switch to Master Transmitter Mode (write to
SMB0DAT before clearing SI).
0
0
0
1100
0
0
X A master START was generated.
1100
0
0
0
1
Master Transmitter
0
ACK
ARBLOST
0 X
ACKRQ
0
1110
0
1000 1
0
X A master data byte was
received; ACK requested.
Load slave address + R/W into
SMB0DAT.
Master Receiver
Send ACK followed by repeated
START.
202
Values to
Write
STO
Typical Response Options
STA
Current SMbus State
Status
Vector
Mode
Values Read
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
Table 20.4. SMBus Status Decoding
STO
ACK
Next Status
Vector Expected
0
A slave byte was transmitted; No action required (expecting
NACK received.
STOP condition).
0
0 X
0001
0
0
1
A slave byte was transmitted; Load SMB0DAT with next data
ACK received.
byte to transmit.
0
0 X
0100
0
1
X A Slave byte was transmitted; No action required (expecting
error detected.
Master to end transfer).
0
0 X
0001
—
ACKRQ
0
Status
Vector
STA
Values to
Write
ACK
Typical Response Options
0100 0
0101 0
X X An illegal STOP or bus error Clear STO.
was detected while a Slave
Transmission was in progress.
0
0 X
0010 1
0
0
0
1
0000
If Read, Load SMB0DAT with
0
data byte; ACK received address
0
1
0100
NACK received address.
0
0
0
—
X Lost arbitration as master;
0
If Write, Acknowledge received
slave address + R/W received; address
ACK requested.
If Read, Load SMB0DAT with
0
data byte; ACK received address
0
1
0000
0
1
0100
1
Slave Receiver
Current SMbus State
ARBLOST
Slave Transmitter
Mode
Values Read
1
X A slave address + R/W was
received; ACK requested.
If Write, Acknowledge received
address
NACK received address.
0
0
0
—
Reschedule failed transfer;
NACK received address.
1
0
0
1110
Clear STO.
0
0 X
—
0001 0
0
X A STOP was detected while
addressed as a Slave Transmitter or Slave Receiver.
1
1
X Lost arbitration while attempt- No action required (transfer
ing a STOP.
complete/aborted).
0
0
0
—
0000 1
0
X A slave byte was received;
ACK requested.
Acknowledge received byte;
Read SMB0DAT.
0
0
1
0000
NACK received byte.
0
0
0
—
Rev. 1.1
203
C8051F54x
204
1
X Lost arbitration while attempt- Abort failed transfer.
ing a repeated START.
Reschedule failed transfer.
0
0 X
—
1
0 X
1110
X Lost arbitration due to a
detected STOP.
Abort failed transfer.
0
0 X
—
Reschedule failed transfer.
1
0 X
1110
X Lost arbitration while transmit- Abort failed transfer.
ting a data byte as master.
Reschedule failed transfer.
0
0
0
—
1
0
0
1110
Rev. 1.1
ACK
Values to
Write
STO
0000 1
1
Typical Response Options
STA
0001 0
1
Current SMbus State
ACK
Bus Error Condition
0010 0
ARBLOST
ACKRQ
Status
Vector
Mode
Values Read
Next Status
Vector Expected
Table 20.4. SMBus Status Decoding
C8051F54x
21. UART0
UART0 is an asynchronous, full duplex serial port offering a variety of data formatting options. A dedicated
baud rate generator with a 16-bit timer and selectable prescaler is included, which can generate a wide
range of baud rates (details in Section “21.1. Baud Rate Generator” on page 205). A received data FIFO
allows UART0 to receive up to three data bytes before data is lost and an overflow occurs.
UART0 has six associated SFRs. Three are used for the Baud Rate Generator (SBCON0, SBRLH0, and
SBRLL0), two are used for data formatting, control, and status functions (SCON0, SMOD0), and one is
used to send and receive data (SBUF0). The single SBUF0 location provides access to both the transmit
holding register and the receive FIFO. Writes to SBUF0 always access the Transmit register. Reads of
SBUF0 always access the first byte of the Receive FIFO; it is not possible to read data from the
Transmit Holding Register.
With UART0 interrupts enabled, an interrupt is generated each time a transmit is completed (TI0 is set in
SCON0), or a data byte has been received (RI0 is set in SCON0). The UART0 interrupt flags are not
cleared by hardware when the CPU vectors to the interrupt service routine. They must be cleared manually
by software, allowing software to determine the cause of the UART0 interrupt (transmit complete or receive
complete). If additional bytes are available in the Receive FIFO, the RI0 bit cannot be cleared by software.
SBRLH0
SYSCLK
SBRLL0
Overflow
Pre-Scaler
(1, 4, 12, 48)
Timer (16-bit)
EN
Data Formatting
SMOD0
MCE0
S0PT1
S0PT0
PE0
S0DL1
S0DL0
XBE0
SBL0
Baud Rate Generator
TX
Logic
TX0
TX Holding
Register
Write to SBUF0
SBCON0
Control / Status
SCON0
OVR0
PERR0
THRE0
REN0
TBX0
RBX0
TI0
RI0
SB0PS1
SB0PS0
SB0RUN
SBUF0
Read of SBUF0
RX FIFO
(3 Deep)
RX
Logic
RX0
UART0
Interrupt
Figure 21.1. UART0 Block Diagram
21.1. Baud Rate Generator
The UART0 baud rate is generated by a dedicated 16-bit timer which runs from the controller’s core clock
(SYSCLK) and has prescaler options of 1, 4, 12, or 48. The timer and prescaler options combined allow for
a wide selection of baud rates over many clock frequencies.
The baud rate generator is configured using three registers: SBCON0, SBRLH0, and SBRLL0. The
UART0 Baud Rate Generator Control Register (SBCON0, SFR Definition 21.4) enables or disables the
baud rate generator and selects the prescaler value for the timer. The baud rate generator must be
enabled for UART0 to function. Registers SBRLH0 and SBRLL0 contain a 16-bit reload value for the dedicated 16-bit timer. The internal timer counts up from the reload value on every clock tick. On timer overflows (0xFFFF to 0x0000), the timer is reloaded. The baud rate for UART0 is defined in Equation 21.1,
where “BRG Clock” is the baud rate generator’s selected clock source. For reliable UART operation, it is
recommended that the UART baud rate is not configured for baud rates faster than SYSCLK/16.
Rev. 1.1
205
C8051F54x
SYSCLK
Baud Rate = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------( 65536 – (SBRLH0:SBRLL0) )
1
x 1--- x -----------------------2
Prescaler
Equation 21.1. UART0 Baud Rate
A quick reference for typical baud rates and clock frequencies is given in Table 21.1.
SYSCLK = 12
SYSCLK = 24
SYSCLK = 48
Table 21.1. Baud Rate Generator Settings for Standard Baud Rates
206
Target Baud
Rate (bps)
Actual Baud
Rate (bps)
Baud Rate
Error
Oscillator
Divide
Factor
SB0PS[1:0]
(Prescaler Bits)
Reload Value in
SBRLH0:SBRLL0
230400
230769
0.16%
208
11
0xFF98
115200
115385
0.16%
416
11
0xFF30
57600
57554
0.08%
834
11
0xFE5F
28800
28812
0.04%
1666
11
0xFCBF
14400
14397
0.02%
3334
11
0xF97D
9600
9600
0.00%
5000
11
0xF63C
2400
2400
0.00%
20000
11
0xD8F0
1200
1200
0.00%
40000
11
0xB1E0
230400
230769
0.16%
104
11
0xFFCC
115200
115385
0.16%
208
11
0xFF98
57600
57692
0.16%
416
11
0xFF30
28800
28777
0.08%
834
11
0xFE5F
14400
14406
0.04%
1666
11
0xFCBF
9600
9600
0.00%
2500
11
0xFB1E
2400
2400
0.00%
10000
11
0xEC78
1200
1200
0.00%
20000
11
0xD8F0
230400
230769
0.16%
52
11
0xFFE6
115200
115385
0.16%
104
11
0xFFCC
57600
57692
0.16%
208
11
0xFF98
28800
28846
0.16%
416
11
0xFF30
14400
14388
0.08%
834
11
0xFE5F
9600
9600
0.00%
1250
11
0xFD8F
2400
2400
0.00%
5000
11
0xF63C
1200
1200
0.00%
10000
11
0xEC78
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
21.2. Data Format
UART0 has a number of available options for data formatting. Data transfers begin with a start bit (logic
low), followed by the data bits (sent LSB-first), a parity or extra bit (if selected), and end with one or two
stop bits (logic high). The data length is variable between 5 and 8 bits. A parity bit can be appended to the
data, and automatically generated and detected by hardware for even, odd, mark, or space parity. The stop
bit length is selectable between 1 and 2 bit times, and a multi-processor communication mode is available
for implementing networked UART buses. All of the data formatting options can be configured using the
SMOD0 register, shown in SFR Definition 21.2. Figure 21.2 shows the timing for a UART0 transaction
without parity or an extra bit enabled. Figure 21.3 shows the timing for a UART0 transaction with parity
enabled (PE0 = 1). Figure 21.4 is an example of a UART0 transaction when the extra bit is enabled
(XBE0 = 1). Note that the extra bit feature is not available when parity is enabled, and the second stop bit
is only an option for data lengths of 6, 7, or 8 bits.
MARK
START
BIT
SPACE
D0
D1
DN-2
STOP
BIT 2
STOP
BIT 1
DN-1
BIT TIMES
Optional
N bits; N = 5, 6, 7, or 8
(6,7,8 bit
Data)
Figure 21.2. UART0 Timing Without Parity or Extra Bit
MARK
SPACE
START
BIT
D0
D1
DN-2
DN-1
PARITY
STOP
BIT 1
STOP
BIT 2
BIT TIMES
Optional
N bits; N = 5, 6, 7, or 8
(6,7,8 bit
Data)
Figure 21.3. UART0 Timing With Parity
MARK
SPACE
START
BIT
D0
D1
DN-2
DN-1
EXTRA
STOP
BIT 1
STOP
BIT 2
BIT TIMES
Optional
N bits; N = 5, 6, 7, or 8
(6,7,8 bit
Data)
Figure 21.4. UART0 Timing With Extra Bit
Rev. 1.1
207
C8051F54x
21.3. Configuration and Operation
UART0 provides standard asynchronous, full duplex communication. It can operate in a point-to-point
serial communications application, or as a node on a multi-processor serial interface. To operate in a pointto-point application, where there are only two devices on the serial bus, the MCE0 bit in SMOD0 should be
cleared to 0. For operation as part of a multi-processor communications bus, the MCE0 and XBE0 bits
should both be set to 1. In both types of applications, data is transmitted from the microcontroller on the
TX0 pin, and received on the RX0 pin. The TX0 and RX0 pins are configured using the crossbar and the
Port I/O registers, as detailed in Section “18. Port Input/Output” on page 147.
In typical UART communications, The transmit (TX) output of one device is connected to the receive (RX)
input of the other device, either directly or through a bus transceiver, as shown in Figure 21.5.
PC
COM Port
RS-232
RS-232
LEVEL
TRANSLATOR
TX
RX
C8051Fxxx
OR
TX
TX
RX
RX
MCU
C8051Fxxx
Figure 21.5. Typical UART Interconnect Diagram
21.3.1. Data Transmission
Data transmission is double-buffered and begins when software writes a data byte to the SBUF0 register.
Writing to SBUF0 places data in the Transmit Holding Register, and the Transmit Holding Register Empty
flag (THRE0) will be cleared to ‘0’. If the UART’s shift register is empty (i.e. no transmission in progress),
the data will be placed in the Transmit Holding Register until the current transmission is complete. The TI0
Transmit Interrupt Flag (SCON0.1) will be set at the end of any transmission (the beginning of the stop-bit
time). If enabled, an interrupt will occur when TI0 is set.
If the extra bit function is enabled (XBE0 = ‘1’) and the parity function is disabled (PE0 = ‘0’), the value of
the TBX0 (SCON0.3) bit will be sent in the extra bit position. When the parity function is enabled (PE0 = 1),
hardware will generate the parity bit according to the selected parity type (selected with S0PT[1:0]), and
append it to the data field. Note: when parity is enabled, the extra bit function is not available.
21.3.2. Data Reception
Data reception can begin any time after the REN0 Receive Enable bit (SCON0.4) is set to logic 1. After the
stop bit is received, the data byte will be stored in the receive FIFO if the following conditions are met: the
receive FIFO (3 bytes deep) must not be full, and the stop bit(s) must be logic 1. In the event that the
receive FIFO is full, the incoming byte will be lost, and a Receive FIFO Overrun Error will be generated
(OVR0 in register SCON0 will be set to logic 1). If the stop bit(s) were logic 0, the incoming data will not be
stored in the receive FIFO. If the reception conditions are met, the data is stored in the receive FIFO, and
the RI0 flag will be set. Note: when MCE0 = 1, RI0 will only be set if the extra bit was equal to 1. Data can
be read from the receive FIFO by reading the SBUF0 register. The SBUF0 register represents the oldest
byte in the FIFO. After SBUF0 is read, the next byte in the FIFO is immediately loaded into SBUF0, and
space is made available in the FIFO for another incoming byte. If enabled, an interrupt will occur when RI0
is set. RI0 can only be cleared to ‘0’ by software when there is no more information in the FIFO. The recommended procedure to empty the FIFO contents is:
208
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
1. Clear RI0 to 0.
2. Read SBUF0.
3. Check RI0, and repeat at step 1 if RI0 is set to 1.
If the extra bit function is enabled (XBE0 = 1) and the parity function is disabled (PE0 = 0), the extra bit for
the oldest byte in the FIFO can be read from the RBX0 bit (SCON0.2). If the extra bit function is not
enabled, the value of the stop bit for the oldest FIFO byte will be presented in RBX0. When the parity function is enabled (PE0 = 1), hardware will check the received parity bit against the selected parity type
(selected with S0PT[1:0]) when receiving data. If a byte with parity error is received, the PERR0 flag will be
set to 1. This flag must be cleared by software. Note: when parity is enabled, the extra bit function is not
available.
21.3.3. Multiprocessor Communications
UART0 supports multiprocessor communication between a master processor and one or more slave processors by special use of the extra data bit. When a master processor wants to transmit to one or more
slaves, it first sends an address byte to select the target(s). An address byte differs from a data byte in that
its extra bit is logic 1; in a data byte, the extra bit is always set to logic 0.
Setting the MCE0 bit (SMOD0.7) of a slave processor configures its UART such that when a stop bit is
received, the UART will generate an interrupt only if the extra bit is logic 1 (RBX0 = 1) signifying an
address byte has been received. In the UART interrupt handler, software will compare the received
address with the slave's own assigned address. If the addresses match, the slave will clear its MCE0 bit to
enable interrupts on the reception of the following data byte(s). Slaves that weren't addressed leave their
MCE0 bits set and do not generate interrupts on the reception of the following data bytes, thereby ignoring
the data. Once the entire message is received, the addressed slave resets its MCE0 bit to ignore all transmissions until it receives the next address byte.
Multiple addresses can be assigned to a single slave and/or a single address can be assigned to multiple
slaves, thereby enabling "broadcast" transmissions to more than one slave simultaneously. The master
processor can be configured to receive all transmissions or a protocol can be implemented such that the
master/slave role is temporarily reversed to enable half-duplex transmission between the original master
and slave(s).
Master
Device
Slave
Device
Slave
Device
Slave
Device
V+
RX
TX
RX
TX
RX
TX
RX
TX
Figure 21.6. UART Multi-Processor Mode Interconnect Diagram
Rev. 1.1
209
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 21.1. SCON0: Serial Port 0 Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
OVR0
PERR0
THRE0
REN0
TBX0
RBX0
TI0
RI0
Type
R/W
R/W
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x98; Bit-Addressable; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
Function
7
OVR0
Receive FIFO Overrun Flag.
0: Receive FIFO Overrun has not occurred
1: Receive FIFO Overrun has occurred; A received character has been discarded due
to a full FIFO.
6
PERR0 Parity Error Flag.
5
4
3
2
1
0
THRE0
When parity is enabled, this bit indicates that a parity error has occurred. It is set to 1
when the parity of the oldest byte in the FIFO does not match the selected Parity Type.
0: Parity error has not occurred
1: Parity error has occurred.
This bit must be cleared by software.
Transmit Holding Register Empty Flag.
REN0
0: Transmit Holding Register not Empty—do not write to SBUF0.
1: Transmit Holding Register Empty—it is safe to write to SBUF0.
Receive Enable.
TBX0
This bit enables/disables the UART receiver. When disabled, bytes can still be read
from the receive FIFO.
0: UART1 reception disabled.
1: UART1 reception enabled.
Extra Transmission Bit.
RBX0
The logic level of this bit will be assigned to the extra transmission bit when XBE0 is set
to 1. This bit is not used when Parity is enabled.
Extra Receive Bit.
TI0
RBX0 is assigned the value of the extra bit when XBE1 is set to 1. If XBE1 is cleared to
0, RBX1 will be assigned the logic level of the first stop bit. This bit is not valid when
Parity is enabled.
Transmit Interrupt Flag.
RI0
Set to a 1 by hardware after data has been transmitted, at the beginning of the STOP
bit. When the UART0 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to
the UART0 interrupt service routine. This bit must be cleared manually by software.
Receive Interrupt Flag.
Set to 1 by hardware when a byte of data has been received by UART0 (set at the
STOP bit sampling time). When the UART0 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit to 1
causes the CPU to vector to the UART0 interrupt service routine. This bit must be
cleared manually by soft-ware. Note that RI0 will remain set to ‘1’ as long as there is
data still in the UART FIFO. After the last byte has been shifted from the FIFO to
SBUF0, RI0 can be cleared.
210
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 21.2. SMOD0: Serial Port 0 Control
Bit
7
6
5
Name
MCE0
Type
R/W
R/W
R
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
1
S0PT[1:0]
6:5
MCE0
3
PE0
SFR Address = 0xA9; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7
4
2
1
0
XBE0
SBL0
R/W
R/W
R/W
1
0
0
S0DL[1:0]
Function
Multiprocessor Communication Enable.
0: RI0 will be activated if stop bit(s) are 1.
1: RI0 will be activated if stop bit(s) and extra bit are 1. Extra bit must be enabled using
XBE0.
S0PT[1:0] Parity Type Select Bits.
00: Odd Parity
01: Even Parity
10: Mark Parity
11: Space Parity.
4
PE0
Parity Enable.
This bit enables hardware parity generation and checking. The parity type is selected
by bits S0PT[1:0] when parity is enabled.
0: Hardware parity is disabled.
1: Hardware parity is enabled.
3:2
S0DL[1:0] Data Length.
00: 5-bit data
01: 6-bit data
10: 7-bit data
11: 8-bit data
1
XBE0
Extra Bit Enable.
When enabled, the value of TBX0 will be appended to the data field
0: Extra Bit is disabled.
1: Extra Bit is enabled.
0
SBL0
Stop Bit Length.
0: Short—stop bit is active for one bit time
1: Long—stop bit is active for two bit times (data length = 6, 7, or 8 bits), or 1.5 bit times
(data length = 5 bits).
Rev. 1.1
211
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 21.3. SBUF0: Serial (UART0) Port Data Buffer
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
SBUF0[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x99; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7:0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
SBUF0[7:0] Serial Data Buffer Bits 7–0 (MSB–LSB).
This SFR accesses two registers; a transmit shift register and a receive latch register.
When data is written to SBUF0, it goes to the transmit shift register and is held for
serial transmission. Writing a byte to SBUF0 initiates the transmission. A read of
SBUF0 returns the contents of the receive latch.
SFR Definition 21.4. SBCON0: UART0 Baud Rate Generator Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
Name
Reserved
SB0RUN
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
SB0PS[1:0]
Type
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xAB; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
7
6
Reserved
SB0RUN
Function
Read = 0b; Must Write 0b;
Baud Rate Generator Enable.
0: Baud Rate Generator disabled. UART0 will not function.
1: Baud Rate Generator enabled.
5:2
1:0
Reserved Read = 0000b; Must Write = 0000b;
SB0PS[1:0] Baud Rate Prescaler Select.
00: Prescaler = 12.
01: Prescaler = 4.
10: Prescaler = 48.
11: Prescaler = 1.
212
Rev. 1.1
1
0
0
0
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 21.5. SBRLH0: UART0 Baud Rate Generator Reload High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
SBRLH0[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xAD; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
7:0 SBRLH0[7:0] High Byte of Reload Value for UART0 Baud Rate Generator.
This value is loaded into the high byte of the UART0 baud rate generator when the
counter overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000.
SFR Definition 21.6. SBRLL0: UART0 Baud Rate Generator Reload Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
SBRLL0[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xAC; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
7:0 SBRLL0[7:0] Low Byte of Reload Value for UART0 Baud Rate Generator.
This value is loaded into the low byte of the UART0 baud rate generator when the
counter overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000.
Rev. 1.1
213
C8051F54x
22. Enhanced Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI0)
The Enhanced Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI0) provides access to a flexible, full-duplex synchronous
serial bus. SPI0 can operate as a master or slave device in both 3-wire or 4-wire modes, and supports multiple masters and slaves on a single SPI bus. The slave-select (NSS) signal can be configured as an input
to select SPI0 in slave mode, or to disable Master Mode operation in a multi-master environment, avoiding
contention on the SPI bus when more than one master attempts simultaneous data transfers. NSS can
also be configured as a chip-select output in master mode, or disabled for 3-wire operation. Additional general purpose port I/O pins can be used to select multiple slave devices in master mode.
SFR Bus
SYSCLK
SPI0CN
SPIBSY
MSTEN
CKPHA
CKPOL
SLVSEL
NSSIN
SRMT
RXBMT
SPIF
WCOL
MODF
RXOVRN
NSSMD1
NSSMD0
TXBMT
SPIEN
SPI0CFG
SCR7
SCR6
SCR5
SCR4
SCR3
SCR2
SCR1
SCR0
SPI0CKR
Clock Divide
Logic
SPI CONTROL LOGIC
Data Path
Control
SPI IRQ
Pin Interface
Control
MOSI
Tx Data
SPI0DAT
SCK
Transmit Data Buffer
Shift Register
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Rx Data
Pin
Control
Logic
Receive Data Buffer
MISO
C
R
O
S
S
B
A
R
Port I/O
NSS
Read
SPI0DAT
Write
SPI0DAT
SFR Bus
Figure 22.1. SPI Block Diagram
Rev. 1.1
214
C8051F54x
22.1. Signal Descriptions
The four signals used by SPI0 (MOSI, MISO, SCK, NSS) are described below.
22.1.1. Master Out, Slave In (MOSI)
The master-out, slave-in (MOSI) signal is an output from a master device and an input to slave devices. It
is used to serially transfer data from the master to the slave. This signal is an output when SPI0 is operating as a master and an input when SPI0 is operating as a slave. Data is transferred most-significant bit
first. When configured as a master, MOSI is driven by the MSB of the shift register in both 3- and 4-wire
mode.
22.1.2. Master In, Slave Out (MISO)
The master-in, slave-out (MISO) signal is an output from a slave device and an input to the master device.
It is used to serially transfer data from the slave to the master. This signal is an input when SPI0 is operating as a master and an output when SPI0 is operating as a slave. Data is transferred most-significant bit
first. The MISO pin is placed in a high-impedance state when the SPI module is disabled and when the SPI
operates in 4-wire mode as a slave that is not selected. When acting as a slave in 3-wire mode, MISO is
always driven by the MSB of the shift register.
22.1.3. Serial Clock (SCK)
The serial clock (SCK) signal is an output from the master device and an input to slave devices. It is used
to synchronize the transfer of data between the master and slave on the MOSI and MISO lines. SPI0 generates this signal when operating as a master. The SCK signal is ignored by a SPI slave when the slave is
not selected (NSS = 1) in 4-wire slave mode.
22.1.4. Slave Select (NSS)
The function of the slave-select (NSS) signal is dependent on the setting of the NSSMD1 and NSSMD0
bits in the SPI0CN register. There are three possible modes that can be selected with these bits:
1. NSSMD[1:0] = 00: 3-Wire Master or 3-Wire Slave Mode: SPI0 operates in 3-wire mode, and NSS is
disabled. When operating as a slave device, SPI0 is always selected in 3-wire mode. Since no select
signal is present, SPI0 must be the only slave on the bus in 3-wire mode. This is intended for point-topoint communication between a master and one slave.
2. NSSMD[1:0] = 01: 4-Wire Slave or Multi-Master Mode: SPI0 operates in 4-wire mode, and NSS is
enabled as an input. When operating as a slave, NSS selects the SPI0 device. When operating as a
master, a 1-to-0 transition of the NSS signal disables the master function of SPI0 so that multiple
master devices can be used on the same SPI bus.
3. NSSMD[1:0] = 1x: 4-Wire Master Mode: SPI0 operates in 4-wire mode, and NSS is enabled as an
output. The setting of NSSMD0 determines what logic level the NSS pin will output. This configuration
should only be used when operating SPI0 as a master device.
See Figure 22.2, Figure 22.3, and Figure 22.4 for typical connection diagrams of the various operational
modes. Note that the setting of NSSMD bits affects the pinout of the device. When in 3-wire master or
3-wire slave mode, the NSS pin will not be mapped by the crossbar. In all other modes, the NSS signal will
be mapped to a pin on the device. See Section “18. Port Input/Output” on page 147 for general purpose
port I/O and crossbar information.
215
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
22.2. SPI0 Master Mode Operation
A SPI master device initiates all data transfers on a SPI bus. SPI0 is placed in master mode by setting the
Master Enable flag (MSTEN, SPI0CN.6). Writing a byte of data to the SPI0 data register (SPI0DAT) when
in master mode writes to the transmit buffer. If the SPI shift register is empty, the byte in the transmit buffer
is moved to the shift register, and a data transfer begins. The SPI0 master immediately shifts out the data
serially on the MOSI line while providing the serial clock on SCK. The SPIF (SPI0CN.7) flag is set to logic
1 at the end of the transfer. If interrupts are enabled, an interrupt request is generated when the SPIF flag
is set. While the SPI0 master transfers data to a slave on the MOSI line, the addressed SPI slave device
simultaneously transfers the contents of its shift register to the SPI master on the MISO line in a full-duplex
operation. Therefore, the SPIF flag serves as both a transmit-complete and receive-data-ready flag. The
data byte received from the slave is transferred MSB-first into the master's shift register. When a byte is
fully shifted into the register, it is moved to the receive buffer where it can be read by the processor by
reading SPI0DAT.
When configured as a master, SPI0 can operate in one of three different modes: multi-master mode, 3-wire
single-master mode, and 4-wire single-master mode. The default, multi-master mode is active when NSSMD1 (SPI0CN.3) = 0 and NSSMD0 (SPI0CN.2) = 1. In this mode, NSS is an input to the device, and is
used to disable the master SPI0 when another master is accessing the bus. When NSS is pulled low in this
mode, MSTEN (SPI0CN.6) and SPIEN (SPI0CN.0) are set to 0 to disable the SPI master device, and a
Mode Fault is generated (MODF, SPI0CN.5 = 1). Mode Fault will generate an interrupt if enabled. SPI0
must be manually re-enabled in software under these circumstances. In multi-master systems, devices will
typically default to being slave devices while they are not acting as the system master device. In multi-master mode, slave devices can be addressed individually (if needed) using general-purpose I/O pins.
Figure 22.2 shows a connection diagram between two master devices in multiple-master mode.
3-wire single-master mode is active when NSSMD1 (SPI0CN.3) = 0 and NSSMD0 (SPI0CN.2) = 0. In this
mode, NSS is not used, and is not mapped to an external port pin through the crossbar. Any slave devices
that must be addressed in this mode should be selected using general-purpose I/O pins. Figure 22.3
shows a connection diagram between a master device in 3-wire master mode and a slave device.
4-wire single-master mode is active when NSSMD1 (SPI0CN.3) = 1. In this mode, NSS is configured as an
output pin, and can be used as a slave-select signal for a single SPI device. In this mode, the output value
of NSS is controlled (in software) with the bit NSSMD0 (SPI0CN.2). Additional slave devices can be
addressed using general-purpose I/O pins. Figure 22.4 shows a connection diagram for a master device in
4-wire master mode and two slave devices.
Rev. 1.1
216
C8051F54x
Master
Device 1
NSS
GPIO
MISO
MISO
MOSI
MOSI
SCK
SCK
GPIO
NSS
Master
Device 2
Figure 22.2. Multiple-Master Mode Connection Diagram
Master
Device
MISO
MISO
MOSI
MOSI
SCK
SCK
Slave
Device
Figure 22.3. 3-Wire Single Master and 3-Wire Single Slave Mode Connection Diagram
Master
Device
GPIO
MISO
MISO
MOSI
MOSI
SCK
SCK
NSS
NSS
MISO
MOSI
Slave
Device
Slave
Device
SCK
NSS
Figure 22.4. 4-Wire Single Master Mode and 4-Wire Slave Mode Connection Diagram
217
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
22.3. SPI0 Slave Mode Operation
When SPI0 is enabled and not configured as a master, it will operate as a SPI slave. As a slave, bytes are
shifted in through the MOSI pin and out through the MISO pin by a master device controlling the SCK signal. A bit counter in the SPI0 logic counts SCK edges. When 8 bits have been shifted through the shift register, the SPIF flag is set to logic 1, and the byte is copied into the receive buffer. Data is read from the
receive buffer by reading SPI0DAT. A slave device cannot initiate transfers. Data to be transferred to the
master device is pre-loaded into the shift register by writing to SPI0DAT. Writes to SPI0DAT are doublebuffered, and are placed in the transmit buffer first. If the shift register is empty, the contents of the transmit
buffer will immediately be transferred into the shift register. When the shift register already contains data,
the SPI will load the shift register with the transmit buffer’s contents after the last SCK edge of the next (or
current) SPI transfer.
When configured as a slave, SPI0 can be configured for 4-wire or 3-wire operation. The default, 4-wire
slave mode, is active when NSSMD1 (SPI0CN.3) = 0 and NSSMD0 (SPI0CN.2) = 1. In 4-wire mode, the
NSS signal is routed to a port pin and configured as a digital input. SPI0 is enabled when NSS is logic 0,
and disabled when NSS is logic 1. The bit counter is reset on a falling edge of NSS. Note that the NSS signal must be driven low at least 2 system clocks before the first active edge of SCK for each byte transfer.
Figure 22.4 shows a connection diagram between two slave devices in 4-wire slave mode and a master
device.
3-wire slave mode is active when NSSMD1 (SPI0CN.3) = 0 and NSSMD0 (SPI0CN.2) = 0. NSS is not
used in this mode, and is not mapped to an external port pin through the crossbar. Since there is no way of
uniquely addressing the device in 3-wire slave mode, SPI0 must be the only slave device present on the
bus. It is important to note that in 3-wire slave mode there is no external means of resetting the bit counter
that determines when a full byte has been received. The bit counter can only be reset by disabling and reenabling SPI0 with the SPIEN bit. Figure 22.3 shows a connection diagram between a slave device in 3wire slave mode and a master device.
22.4. SPI0 Interrupt Sources
When SPI0 interrupts are enabled, the following four flags will generate an interrupt when they are set to
logic 1:
All of the following bits must be cleared by software.
1. The SPI Interrupt Flag, SPIF (SPI0CN.7) is set to logic 1 at the end of each byte transfer. This flag can
occur in all SPI0 modes.
2. The Write Collision Flag, WCOL (SPI0CN.6) is set to logic 1 if a write to SPI0DAT is attempted when
the transmit buffer has not been emptied to the SPI shift register. When this occurs, the write to
SPI0DAT will be ignored, and the transmit buffer will not be written.This flag can occur in all SPI0
modes.
3. The Mode Fault Flag MODF (SPI0CN.5) is set to logic 1 when SPI0 is configured as a master, and for
multi-master mode and the NSS pin is pulled low. When a Mode Fault occurs, the MSTEN and SPIEN
bits in SPI0CN are set to logic 0 to disable SPI0 and allow another master device to access the bus.
4. The Receive Overrun Flag RXOVRN (SPI0CN.4) is set to logic 1 when configured as a slave, and a
transfer is completed and the receive buffer still holds an unread byte from a previous transfer. The new
byte is not transferred to the receive buffer, allowing the previously received data byte to be read. The
data byte which caused the overrun is lost.
Rev. 1.1
218
C8051F54x
22.5. Serial Clock Phase and Polarity
Four combinations of serial clock phase and polarity can be selected using the clock control bits in the
SPI0 Configuration Register (SPI0CFG). The CKPHA bit (SPI0CFG.5) selects one of two clock phases
(edge used to latch the data). The CKPOL bit (SPI0CFG.4) selects between an active-high or active-low
clock. Both master and slave devices must be configured to use the same clock phase and polarity. SPI0
should be disabled (by clearing the SPIEN bit, SPI0CN.0) when changing the clock phase or polarity. The
clock and data line relationships for master mode are shown in Figure 22.5. For slave mode, the clock and
data relationships are shown in Figure 22.6 and Figure 22.7. CKPHA must be set to 0 on both the master
and slave SPI when communicating between two of the following devices: C8051F04x, C8051F06x,
C8051F12x, C8051F31x, C8051F32x, and C8051F33x.
The SPI0 Clock Rate Register (SPI0CKR) as shown in SFR Definition 22.3 controls the master mode
serial clock frequency. This register is ignored when operating in slave mode. When the SPI is configured
as a master, the maximum data transfer rate (bits/sec) is one-half the system clock frequency or 12.5 MHz,
whichever is slower. When the SPI is configured as a slave, the maximum data transfer rate (bits/sec) for
full-duplex operation is 1/10 the system clock frequency, provided that the master issues SCK, NSS (in 4wire slave mode), and the serial input data synchronously with the slave’s system clock. If the master
issues SCK, NSS, and the serial input data asynchronously, the maximum data transfer rate (bits/sec)
must be less than 1/10 the system clock frequency. In the special case where the master only wants to
transmit data to the slave and does not need to receive data from the slave (i.e. half-duplex operation), the
SPI slave can receive data at a maximum data transfer rate (bits/sec) of 1/4 the system clock frequency.
This is provided that the master issues SCK, NSS, and the serial input data synchronously with the slave’s
system clock.
SCK
(CKPOL=0, CKPHA=0)
SCK
(CKPOL=0, CKPHA=1)
SCK
(CKPOL=1, CKPHA=0)
SCK
(CKPOL=1, CKPHA=1)
MISO/MOSI
MSB
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
NSS (Must Remain High
in Multi-Master Mode)
Figure 22.5. Master Mode Data/Clock Timing
219
Rev. 1.1
Bit 1
Bit 0
C8051F54x
SCK
(CKPOL=0, CKPHA=0)
SCK
(CKPOL=1, CKPHA=0)
MOSI
MSB
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
MISO
MSB
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
NSS (4-Wire Mode)
Figure 22.6. Slave Mode Data/Clock Timing (CKPHA = 0)
SCK
(CKPOL=0, CKPHA=1)
SCK
(CKPOL=1, CKPHA=1)
MOSI
MSB
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
MISO
MSB
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Bit 0
NSS (4-Wire Mode)
Figure 22.7. Slave Mode Data/Clock Timing (CKPHA = 1)
22.6. SPI Special Function Registers
SPI0 is accessed and controlled through four special function registers in the system controller: SPI0CN
Control Register, SPI0DAT Data Register, SPI0CFG Configuration Register, and SPI0CKR Clock Rate
Register. The four special function registers related to the operation of the SPI0 Bus are described in the
following figures.
Rev. 1.1
220
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 22.1. SPI0CFG: SPI0 Configuration
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
SPIBSY
MSTEN
CKPHA
CKPOL
SLVSEL
NSSIN
SRMT
RXBMT
Type
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R
R
R
R
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
SFR Address = 0xA1; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7
SPIBSY
Function
SPI Busy.
This bit is set to logic 1 when a SPI transfer is in progress (master or slave mode).
6
MSTEN
Master Mode Enable.
0: Disable master mode. Operate in slave mode.
1: Enable master mode. Operate as a master.
5
CKPHA
SPI0 Clock Phase.
0: Data centered on first edge of SCK period.*
1: Data centered on second edge of SCK period.*
4
CKPOL
SPI0 Clock Polarity.
0: SCK line low in idle state.
1: SCK line high in idle state.
3
SLVSEL
Slave Selected Flag.
This bit is set to logic 1 whenever the NSS pin is low indicating SPI0 is the selected
slave. It is cleared to logic 0 when NSS is high (slave not selected). This bit does
not indicate the instantaneous value at the NSS pin, but rather a de-glitched version of the pin input.
2
NSSIN
NSS Instantaneous Pin Input.
This bit mimics the instantaneous value that is present on the NSS port pin at the
time that the register is read. This input is not de-glitched.
1
SRMT
Shift Register Empty (valid in slave mode only).
This bit will be set to logic 1 when all data has been transferred in/out of the shift
register, and there is no new information available to read from the transmit buffer
or write to the receive buffer. It returns to logic 0 when a data byte is transferred to
the shift register from the transmit buffer or by a transition on SCK. SRMT = 1 when
in Master Mode.
0
RXBMT
Receive Buffer Empty (valid in slave mode only).
This bit will be set to logic 1 when the receive buffer has been read and contains no
new information. If there is new information available in the receive buffer that has
not been read, this bit will return to logic 0. RXBMT = 1 when in Master Mode.
Note: In slave mode, data on MOSI is sampled in the center of each data bit. In master mode, data on MISO is
sampled one SYSCLK before the end of each data bit, to provide maximum settling time for the slave device.
See Table 22.1 for timing parameters.
221
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 22.2. SPI0CN: SPI0 Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
SPIF
WCOL
MODF
RXOVRN
Type
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
NSSMD[1:0]
TXBMT
SPIEN
R/W
R
R/W
1
0
0
1
SFR Address = 0xF8; Bit-Addressable; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
Function
7
SPIF
SPI0 Interrupt Flag.
This bit is set to logic 1 by hardware at the end of a data transfer. If interrupts are
enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the SPI0 interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware. It must be cleared by software.
6
WCOL
Write Collision Flag.
This bit is set to logic 1 by hardware (and generates a SPI0 interrupt) to indicate a
write to the SPI0 data register was attempted while a data transfer was in progress.
It must be cleared by software.
5
MODF
Mode Fault Flag.
This bit is set to logic 1 by hardware (and generates a SPI0 interrupt) when a master mode collision is detected (NSS is low, MSTEN = 1, and NSSMD[1:0] = 01).
This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware. It must be cleared by software.
4
RXOVRN
Receive Overrun Flag (valid in slave mode only).
This bit is set to logic 1 by hardware (and generates a SPI0 interrupt) when the
receive buffer still holds unread data from a previous transfer and the last bit of the
current transfer is shifted into the SPI0 shift register. This bit is not automatically
cleared by hardware. It must be cleared by software.
3:2
NSSMD[1:0]
Slave Select Mode.
Selects between the following NSS operation modes:
(See Section 22.2 and Section 22.3).
00: 3-Wire Slave or 3-Wire Master Mode. NSS signal is not routed to a port pin.
01: 4-Wire Slave or Multi-Master Mode (Default). NSS is an input to the device.
1x: 4-Wire Single-Master Mode. NSS signal is mapped as an output from the
device and will assume the value of NSSMD0.
1
TXBMT
Transmit Buffer Empty.
This bit will be set to logic 0 when new data has been written to the transmit buffer.
When data in the transmit buffer is transferred to the SPI shift register, this bit will
be set to logic 1, indicating that it is safe to write a new byte to the transmit buffer.
0
SPIEN
SPI0 Enable.
0: SPI disabled.
1: SPI enabled.
Rev. 1.1
222
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 22.3. SPI0CKR: SPI0 Clock Rate
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
SCR[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xA2; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7:0
SCR[7:0]
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
Function
SPI0 Clock Rate.
These bits determine the frequency of the SCK output when the SPI0 module is
configured for master mode operation. The SCK clock frequency is a divided version of the system clock, and is given in the following equation, where SYSCLK is
the system clock frequency and SPI0CKR is the 8-bit value held in the SPI0CKR
register.
SYSCLK
f SCK = ---------------------------------------------------------------2 x ( SPI0CKR[7:0] + 1 )
for 0 <= SPI0CKR <= 255
Example: If SYSCLK = 2 MHz and SPI0CKR = 0x04,
2000000
f SCK = -----------------------------2 x (4 + 1)
f SCK = 200 kHz
SFR Definition 22.4. SPI0DAT: SPI0 Data
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
SPI0DAT[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xA3; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7:0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
SPI0DAT[7:0] SPI0 Transmit and Receive Data.
The SPI0DAT register is used to transmit and receive SPI0 data. Writing data to
SPI0DAT places the data into the transmit buffer and initiates a transfer when in
Master Mode. A read of SPI0DAT returns the contents of the receive buffer.
223
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
SCK*
T
T
MCKH
MCKL
T
T
MIS
MIH
MISO
MOSI
* SCK is shown for CKPOL = 0. SCK is the opposite polarity for CKPOL = 1.
Figure 22.8. SPI Master Timing (CKPHA = 0)
SCK*
T
T
MCKH
MCKL
T
T
MIS
MIH
MISO
MOSI
* SCK is shown for CKPOL = 0. SCK is the opposite polarity for CKPOL = 1.
Figure 22.9. SPI Master Timing (CKPHA = 1)
Rev. 1.1
224
C8051F54x
NSS
T
T
SE
T
CKL
SD
SCK*
T
CKH
T
SIS
T
SIH
MOSI
T
T
SEZ
T
SOH
SDZ
MISO
* SCK is shown for CKPOL = 0. SCK is the opposite polarity for CKPOL = 1.
Figure 22.10. SPI Slave Timing (CKPHA = 0)
NSS
T
T
SE
T
CKL
SD
SCK*
T
CKH
T
SIS
T
SIH
MOSI
T
SEZ
T
T
SOH
SLH
MISO
* SCK is shown for CKPOL = 0. SCK is the opposite polarity for CKPOL = 1.
Figure 22.11. SPI Slave Timing (CKPHA = 1)
225
Rev. 1.1
T
SDZ
C8051F54x
Table 22.1. SPI Slave Timing Parameters
Parameter
Description
Min
Max
Units
Master Mode Timing* (See Figure 22.8 and Figure 22.9)
TMCKH
SCK High Time
1 x TSYSCLK
—
ns
TMCKL
SCK Low Time
1 x TSYSCLK
—
ns
TMIS
MISO Valid to SCK Shift Edge
1 x TSYSCLK + 20
—
ns
TMIH
SCK Shift Edge to MISO Change
0
—
ns
Slave Mode Timing* (See Figure 22.10 and Figure 22.11)
TSE
NSS Falling to First SCK Edge
2 x TSYSCLK
—
ns
TSD
Last SCK Edge to NSS Rising
2 x TSYSCLK
—
ns
TSEZ
NSS Falling to MISO Valid
—
4 x TSYSCLK
ns
TSDZ
NSS Rising to MISO High-Z
—
4 x TSYSCLK
ns
TCKH
SCK High Time
5 x TSYSCLK
—
ns
TCKL
SCK Low Time
5 x TSYSCLK
—
ns
TSIS
MOSI Valid to SCK Sample Edge
2 x TSYSCLK
—
ns
TSIH
SCK Sample Edge to MOSI Change
2 x TSYSCLK
—
ns
TSOH
SCK Shift Edge to MISO Change
—
4 x TSYSCLK
ns
TSLH
Last SCK Edge to MISO Change
(CKPHA = 1 ONLY)
6 x TSYSCLK
8 x TSYSCLK
ns
*Note: TSYSCLK is equal to one period of the device system clock (SYSCLK).
Rev. 1.1
226
C8051F54x
23. Timers
Each MCU includes four counter/timers: two are 16-bit counter/timers compatible with those found in the
standard 8051, and two are 16-bit auto-reload timer for use with the ADC, SMBus, or for general purpose
use. These timers can be used to measure time intervals, count external events and generate periodic
interrupt requests. Timer 0 and Timer 1 are nearly identical and have four primary modes of operation.
Timer 2 and Timer 3 offer 16-bit and split 8-bit timer functionality with auto-reload.
Timer 0 and Timer 1 Modes
13-bit counter/timer
Timer 2 Modes
Timer 3 Modes
16-bit timer with auto-reload
16-bit timer with auto-reload
Two 8-bit timers with auto-reload
Two 8-bit timers with auto-reload
16-bit counter/timer
8-bit counter/timer with
auto-reload
Two 8-bit counter/timers (Timer 0
only)
Timers 0 and 1 may be clocked by one of five sources, determined by the Timer Mode Select bits (T1M–
T0M) and the Clock Scale bits (SCA1–SCA0). The Clock Scale bits define a pre-scaled clock from which
Timer 0 and/or Timer 1 may be clocked (See SFR Definition 23.1 for pre-scaled clock selection).Timer 0/1
may then be configured to use this pre-scaled clock signal or the system clock.
Timer 2 and Timer 3 may be clocked by the system clock, the system clock divided by 12, or the external
oscillator clock source divided by 8.
Timer 0 and Timer 1 may also be operated as counters. When functioning as a counter, a counter/timer
register is incremented on each high-to-low transition at the selected input pin (T0 or T1). Events with a frequency of up to one-fourth the system clock frequency can be counted. The input signal need not be periodic, but it should be held at a given level for at least two full system clock cycles to ensure the level is
properly sampled.
Rev. 1.1
227
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 23.1. CKCON: Clock Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
Name
T3MH
T3ML
T2MH
T2ML
T1M
T0M
SCA[1:0]
Type
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x8E; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
7
T3MH
1
0
0
0
Function
Timer 3 High Byte Clock Select.
Selects the clock supplied to the Timer 3 high byte (split 8-bit timer mode only).
0: Timer 3 high byte uses the clock defined by the T3XCLK bit in TMR3CN.
1: Timer 3 high byte uses the system clock.
6
T3ML
Timer 3 Low Byte Clock Select.
Selects the clock supplied to Timer 3. Selects the clock supplied to the lower 8-bit timer
in split 8-bit timer mode.
0: Timer 3 low byte uses the clock defined by the T3XCLK bit in TMR3CN.
1: Timer 3 low byte uses the system clock.
5
T2MH
Timer 2 High Byte Clock Select.
Selects the clock supplied to the Timer 2 high byte (split 8-bit timer mode only).
0: Timer 2 high byte uses the clock defined by the T2XCLK bit in TMR2CN.
1: Timer 2 high byte uses the system clock.
4
T2ML
Timer 2 Low Byte Clock Select.
Selects the clock supplied to Timer 2. If Timer 2 is configured in split 8-bit timer mode,
this bit selects the clock supplied to the lower 8-bit timer.
0: Timer 2 low byte uses the clock defined by the T2XCLK bit in TMR2CN.
1: Timer 2 low byte uses the system clock.
3
T1
Timer 1 Clock Select.
Selects the clock source supplied to Timer 1. Ignored when C/T1 is set to 1.
0: Timer 1 uses the clock defined by the prescale bits SCA[1:0].
1: Timer 1 uses the system clock.
2
T0
Timer 0 Clock Select.
Selects the clock source supplied to Timer 0. Ignored when C/T0 is set to 1.
0: Counter/Timer 0 uses the clock defined by the prescale bits SCA[1:0].
1: Counter/Timer 0 uses the system clock.
1:0
SCA[1:0] Timer 0/1 Prescale Bits.
These bits control the Timer 0/1 Clock Prescaler:
00: System clock divided by 12
01: System clock divided by 4
10: System clock divided by 48
11: External clock divided by 8 (synchronized with the system clock)
228
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
23.1. Timer 0 and Timer 1
Each timer is implemented as a 16-bit register accessed as two separate bytes: a low byte (TL0 or TL1)
and a high byte (TH0 or TH1). The Counter/Timer Control register (TCON) is used to enable Timer 0 and
Timer 1 as well as indicate status. Timer 0 interrupts can be enabled by setting the ET0 bit in the IE register (Section “13.2. Interrupt Register Descriptions” on page 108); Timer 1 interrupts can be enabled by setting the ET1 bit in the IE register (Section “13.2. Interrupt Register Descriptions” on page 108). Both
counter/timers operate in one of four primary modes selected by setting the Mode Select bits T1M1–T0M0
in the Counter/Timer Mode register (TMOD). Each timer can be configured independently. Each operating
mode is described below.
23.1.1. Mode 0: 13-bit Counter/Timer
Timer 0 and Timer 1 operate as 13-bit counter/timers in Mode 0. The following describes the configuration
and operation of Timer 0. However, both timers operate identically, and Timer 1 is configured in the same
manner as described for Timer 0.
The TH0 register holds the eight MSBs of the 13-bit counter/timer. TL0 holds the five LSBs in bit positions
TL0.4–TL0.0. The three upper bits of TL0 (TL0.7–TL0.5) are indeterminate and should be masked out or
ignored when reading. As the 13-bit timer register increments and overflows from 0x1FFF (all ones) to
0x0000, the timer overflow flag TF0 (TCON.5) is set and an interrupt will occur if Timer 0 interrupts are
enabled.
The C/T0 bit (TMOD.2) selects the counter/timer's clock source. When C/T0 is set to logic 1, high-to-low
transitions at the selected Timer 0 input pin (T0) increment the timer register (Refer to Section
“18.3. Priority Crossbar Decoder” on page 150 for information on selecting and configuring external I/O
pins). Clearing C/T selects the clock defined by the T0M bit (CKCON.3). When T0M is set, Timer 0 is
clocked by the system clock. When T0M is cleared, Timer 0 is clocked by the source selected by the Clock
Scale bits in CKCON (see SFR Definition 23.1).
Setting the TR0 bit (TCON.4) enables the timer when either GATE0 (TMOD.3) is logic 0 or the input signal
INT0 is active as defined by bit IN0PL in register IT01CF (see SFR Definition 13.7). Setting GATE0 to 1
allows the timer to be controlled by the external input signal INT0 (see Section “13.2. Interrupt Register
Descriptions” on page 108), facilitating pulse width measurements.
TR0
GATE0
INT0
Counter/Timer
0
X
X
Disabled
1
0
X
Enabled
1
1
0
Disabled
1
1
1
Enabled
Note: X = Don't Care
Setting TR0 does not force the timer to reset. The timer registers should be loaded with the desired initial
value before the timer is enabled.
TL1 and TH1 form the 13-bit register for Timer 1 in the same manner as described above for TL0 and TH0.
Timer 1 is configured and controlled using the relevant TCON and TMOD bits just as with Timer 0. The
input signal INT1 is used with Timer 1; the INT1 polarity is defined by bit IN1PL in register IT01CF (see
SFR Definition 13.7).
Rev. 1.1
229
C8051F54x
CKCON
T
3
M
H
P re -s c a le d C lo c k
0
SYS C LK
1
T
3
M
L
T
2
M
H
TM OD
T T T S S
2 1 0 C C
MMM A A
1 0
L
G
A
T
E
1
C
/
T
1
T
1
M
1
T
1
M
0
G
A
T
E
0
C
/
T
0
IT 0 1 C F
T
0
M
1
T
0
M
0
I
N
1
P
L
I
N
1
S
L
2
I
N
1
S
L
1
I
N
1
S
L
0
I
N
0
P
L
I
N
0
S
L
2
I
N
0
S
L
1
I
N
0
S
L
0
0
1
TCLK
TR 0
TL0
(5 b its )
TH 0
(8 b its )
G ATE0
C ro s s b a r
/IN T 0
IN 0 P L
TCON
T0
TF1
TR1
TF0
TR0
IE 1
IT 1
IE 0
IT 0
In te rru p t
XO R
Figure 23.1. T0 Mode 0 Block Diagram
23.1.2. Mode 1: 16-bit Counter/Timer
Mode 1 operation is the same as Mode 0, except that the counter/timer registers use all 16 bits. The
counter/timers are enabled and configured in Mode 1 in the same manner as for Mode 0.
23.1.3. Mode 2: 8-bit Counter/Timer with Auto-Reload
Mode 2 configures Timer 0 and Timer 1 to operate as 8-bit counter/timers with automatic reload of the start
value. TL0 holds the count and TH0 holds the reload value. When the counter in TL0 overflows from all
ones to 0x00, the timer overflow flag TF0 (TCON.5) is set and the counter in TL0 is reloaded from TH0. If
Timer 0 interrupts are enabled, an interrupt will occur when the TF0 flag is set. The reload value in TH0 is
not changed. TL0 must be initialized to the desired value before enabling the timer for the first count to be
correct. When in Mode 2, Timer 1 operates identically to Timer 0.
Both counter/timers are enabled and configured in Mode 2 in the same manner as Mode 0. Setting the
TR0 bit (TCON.4) enables the timer when either GATE0 (TMOD.3) is logic 0 or when the input signal INT0
is active as defined by bit IN0PL in register IT01CF (see Section “13.3. External Interrupts INT0 and INT1”
on page 115 for details on the external input signals INT0 and INT1).
230
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
CKCON
T T T T T T S
3 3 2 2 1 0 C
MMMMMMA
H L H L
1
Pre-scaled Clock
TMOD
S
C
A
0
G
A
T
E
1
C
/
T
1
T
1
M
1
T
1
M
0
G
A
T
E
0
C
/
T
0
IT01CF
T
0
M
1
T
0
M
0
I
N
1
P
L
I
N
1
S
L
2
I
N
1
S
L
1
I
N
1
S
L
0
I
N
0
P
L
I
N
0
S
L
2
I
N
0
S
L
1
I
N
0
S
L
0
0
0
SYSCLK
1
1
T0
TL0
(8 bits)
TCON
TCLK
TR0
Crossbar
GATE0
TH0
(8 bits)
/INT0
IN0PL
TF1
TR1
TF0
TR0
IE1
IT1
IE0
IT0
Interrupt
Reload
XOR
Figure 23.2. T0 Mode 2 Block Diagram
23.1.4. Mode 3: Two 8-bit Counter/Timers (Timer 0 Only)
In Mode 3, Timer 0 is configured as two separate 8-bit counter/timers held in TL0 and TH0. The
counter/timer in TL0 is controlled using the Timer 0 control/status bits in TCON and TMOD: TR0, C/T0,
GATE0 and TF0. TL0 can use either the system clock or an external input signal as its timebase. The TH0
register is restricted to a timer function sourced by the system clock or prescaled clock. TH0 is enabled
using the Timer 1 run control bit TR1. TH0 sets the Timer 1 overflow flag TF1 on overflow and thus controls
the Timer 1 interrupt.
Timer 1 is inactive in Mode 3. When Timer 0 is operating in Mode 3, Timer 1 can be operated in Modes 0,
1 or 2, but cannot be clocked by external signals nor set the TF1 flag and generate an interrupt. However,
the Timer 1 overflow can be used to generate baud rates for the SMBus and/or UART, and/or initiate ADC
conversions. While Timer 0 is operating in Mode 3, Timer 1 run control is handled through its mode settings. To run Timer 1 while Timer 0 is in Mode 3, set the Timer 1 Mode as 0, 1, or 2. To disable Timer 1,
configure it for Mode 3.
Rev. 1.1
231
C8051F54x
CKCON
TMOD
T T T T T TSS
3 3 2 2 1 0 CC
MMMMMM A A
HLHL
1 0
Pre-scaled Clock
G
A
T
E
1
C
/
T
1
T T
1 1
MM
1 0
G
A
T
E
0
C
/
T
0
T T
0 0
MM
1 0
0
TR1
SYSCLK
TH0
(8 bits)
1
TCON
0
1
T0
TL0
(8 bits)
TR0
Crossbar
/INT0
GATE0
IN0PL
XOR
Figure 23.3. T0 Mode 3 Block Diagram
232
Rev. 1.1
TF1
TR1
TF0
TR0
IE1
IT1
IE0
IT0
Interrupt
Interrupt
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 23.2. TCON: Timer Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
TF1
TR1
TF0
TR0
IE1
IT1
IE0
IT0
Type
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x88; Bit-Addressable; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
Function
7
TF1
Timer 1 Overflow Flag.
Set to 1 by hardware when Timer 1 overflows. This flag can be cleared by software
but is automatically cleared when the CPU vectors to the Timer 1 interrupt service
routine.
6
TR1
Timer 1 Run Control.
Timer 1 is enabled by setting this bit to 1.
5
TF0
Timer 0 Overflow Flag.
Set to 1 by hardware when Timer 0 overflows. This flag can be cleared by software
but is automatically cleared when the CPU vectors to the Timer 0 interrupt service
routine.
4
TR0
Timer 0 Run Control.
Timer 0 is enabled by setting this bit to 1.
3
IE1
External Interrupt 1.
This flag is set by hardware when an edge/level of type defined by IT1 is detected. It
can be cleared by software but is automatically cleared when the CPU vectors to the
External Interrupt 1 service routine in edge-triggered mode.
2
IT1
Interrupt 1 Type Select.
This bit selects whether the configured INT1 interrupt will be edge or level sensitive.
INT1 is configured active low or high by the IN1PL bit in the IT01CF register (see
SFR Definition 13.7).
0: INT1 is level triggered.
1: INT1 is edge triggered.
1
IE0
External Interrupt 0.
This flag is set by hardware when an edge/level of type defined by IT1 is detected. It
can be cleared by software but is automatically cleared when the CPU vectors to the
External Interrupt 0 service routine in edge-triggered mode.
0
IT0
Interrupt 0 Type Select.
This bit selects whether the configured INT0 interrupt will be edge or level sensitive.
INT0 is configured active low or high by the IN0PL bit in register IT01CF (see SFR
Definition 13.7).
0: INT0 is level triggered.
1: INT0 is edge triggered.
Rev. 1.1
233
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 23.3. TMOD: Timer Mode
Bit
7
6
Name
GATE1
C/T1
Type
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
5
4
3
2
T1M[1:0]
GATE0
C/T0
T0M[1:0]
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x89; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
7
GATE1
1
0
0
0
Function
Timer 1 Gate Control.
0: Timer 1 enabled when TR1 = 1 irrespective of INT1 logic level.
1: Timer 1 enabled only when TR1 = 1 AND INT1 is active as defined by bit IN1PL in
register IT01CF (see SFR Definition 13.7).
6
C/T1
Counter/Timer 1 Select.
0: Timer: Timer 1 incremented by clock defined by T1M bit in register CKCON.
1: Counter: Timer 1 incremented by high-to-low transitions on external pin (T1).
5:4
T1M[1:0]
Timer 1 Mode Select.
These bits select the Timer 1 operation mode.
00: Mode 0, 13-bit Counter/Timer
01: Mode 1, 16-bit Counter/Timer
10: Mode 2, 8-bit Counter/Timer with Auto-Reload
11: Mode 3, Timer 1 Inactive
3
GATE0
Timer 0 Gate Control.
0: Timer 0 enabled when TR0 = 1 irrespective of INT0 logic level.
1: Timer 0 enabled only when TR0 = 1 AND INT0 is active as defined by bit IN0PL in
register IT01CF (see SFR Definition 13.7).
2
C/T0
Counter/Timer 0 Select.
0: Timer: Timer 0 incremented by clock defined by T0M bit in register CKCON.
1: Counter: Timer 0 incremented by high-to-low transitions on external pin (T0).
1:0
T0M[1:0]
Timer 0 Mode Select.
These bits select the Timer 0 operation mode.
00: Mode 0, 13-bit Counter/Timer
01: Mode 1, 16-bit Counter/Timer
10: Mode 2, 8-bit Counter/Timer with Auto-Reload
11: Mode 3, Two 8-bit Counter/Timers
234
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 23.4. TL0: Timer 0 Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
TL0[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x8A; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
7:0
TL0[7:0]
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
Function
Timer 0 Low Byte.
The TL0 register is the low byte of the 16-bit Timer 0.
SFR Definition 23.5. TL1: Timer 1 Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
TL1[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x8B; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
7:0
TL1[7:0]
0
Function
Timer 1 Low Byte.
The TL1 register is the low byte of the 16-bit Timer 1.
Rev. 1.1
235
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 23.6. TH0: Timer 0 High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
TH0[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x8C; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
7:0
TH0[7:0]
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
Function
Timer 0 High Byte.
The TH0 register is the high byte of the 16-bit Timer 0.
SFR Definition 23.7. TH1: Timer 1 High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
TH1[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x8D; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
7:0
TH1[7:0]
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
Function
Timer 1 High Byte.
The TH1 register is the high byte of the 16-bit Timer 1.
236
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
23.2. Timer 2
Timer 2 is a 16-bit timer formed by two 8-bit SFRs: TMR2L (low byte) and TMR2H (high byte). Timer 2 may
operate in 16-bit auto-reload mode or (split) 8-bit auto-reload mode. The T2SPLIT bit (TMR2CN.3) defines
the Timer 2 operation mode.
Timer 2 may be clocked by the system clock, the system clock divided by 12, or the external oscillator
source divided by 8. The external clock mode is ideal for real-time clock (RTC) functionality, where the
internal oscillator drives the system clock while Timer 2 (and/or the PCA) is clocked by an external precision oscillator. Note that the external oscillator source divided by 8 is synchronized with the system clock.
23.2.1. 16-bit Timer with Auto-Reload
When T2SPLIT (TMR2CN.3) is zero, Timer 2 operates as a 16-bit timer with auto-reload. Timer 2 can be
clocked by SYSCLK, SYSCLK divided by 12, or the external oscillator clock source divided by 8. As the
16-bit timer register increments and overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000, the 16-bit value in the Timer 2
reload registers (TMR2RLH and TMR2RLL) is loaded into the Timer 2 register as shown in Figure 23.4,
and the Timer 2 High Byte Overflow Flag (TMR2CN.7) is set. If Timer 2 interrupts are enabled (if IE.5 is
set), an interrupt will be generated on each Timer 2 overflow. Additionally, if Timer 2 interrupts are enabled
and the TF2LEN bit is set (TMR2CN.5), an interrupt will be generated each time the lower 8 bits (TMR2L)
overflow from 0xFF to 0x00.
CKCON
SYSCLK / 12
TL2
Overflow
0
TR2
External Clock / 8
SYSCLK
To ADC,
SMBus
To SMBus
0
1
TCLK
TMR2L
TMR2H
TMR2CN
T2XCLK
TTTTTTSS
3 3 2 2 1 0 CC
MMMMMM A A
HLHL
1 0
1
TF2H
TF2L
TF2LEN
TF2CEN
T2SPLIT
TR2
Interrupt
T2XCLK
TMR2RLL TMR2RLH
Reload
Figure 23.4. Timer 2 16-Bit Mode Block Diagram
23.2.2. 8-bit Timers with Auto-Reload
When T2SPLIT is set, Timer 2 operates as two 8-bit timers (TMR2H and TMR2L). Both 8-bit timers operate in auto-reload mode as shown in Figure 23.5. TMR2RLL holds the reload value for TMR2L; TMR2RLH
holds the reload value for TMR2H. The TR2 bit in TMR2CN handles the run control for TMR2H. TMR2L is
always running when configured for 8-bit Mode.
Each 8-bit timer may be configured to use SYSCLK, SYSCLK divided by 12, or the external oscillator clock
source divided by 8. The Timer 2 Clock Select bits (T2MH and T2ML in CKCON) select either SYSCLK or
the clock defined by the Timer 2 External Clock Select bit (T2XCLK in TMR2CN), as follows:
Rev. 1.1
237
C8051F54x
T2MH
T2XCLK
0
0
0
1
TMR2H Clock Source
T2ML
T2XCLK
TMR2L Clock Source
SYSCLK/12
0
0
SYSCLK/12
1
External Clock/8
0
1
External Clock/8
X
SYSCLK
1
X
SYSCLK
The TF2H bit is set when TMR2H overflows from 0xFF to 0x00; the TF2L bit is set when TMR2L overflows
from 0xFF to 0x00. When Timer 2 interrupts are enabled (IE.5), an interrupt is generated each time
TMR2H overflows. If Timer 2 interrupts are enabled and TF2LEN (TMR2CN.5) is set, an interrupt is generated each time either TMR2L or TMR2H overflows. When TF2LEN is enabled, software must check the
TF2H and TF2L flags to determine the source of the Timer 2 interrupt. The TF2H and TF2L interrupt flags
are not cleared by hardware and must be manually cleared by software.
CKCON
TTTTTTSS
3 3 2 2 1 0 CC
MMMMMM A A
HLHL
1 0
T2XCLK
SYSCLK / 12
0
External Clock / 8
1
TMR2RLH
Reload
To SMBus
0
TCLK
TR2
TMR2H
TMR2RLL
SYSCLK
Reload
TMR2CN
1
TF2H
TF2L
TF2LEN
TF2CEN
T2SPLIT
TR2
Interrupt
T2XCLK
1
TCLK
TMR2L
To ADC,
SMBus
0
Figure 23.5. Timer 2 8-Bit Mode Block Diagram
23.2.3. External Oscillator Capture Mode
Capture Mode allows the external oscillator to be measured against the system clock. Timer 2 can be
clocked from the system clock, or the system clock divided by 12, depending on the T2ML (CKCON.4),
and T2XCLK bits. When a capture event is generated, the contents of Timer 2 (TMR2H:TMR2L) are
loaded into the Timer 2 reload registers (TMR2RLH:TMR2RLL) and the TF2H flag is set. A capture event
is generated by the falling edge of the clock source being measured, which is the external oscillator / 8. By
recording the difference between two successive timer capture values, the external oscillator frequency
can be determined with respect to the Timer 2 clock. The Timer 2 clock should be much faster than the
capture clock to achieve an accurate reading. Timer 2 should be in 16-bit auto-reload mode when using
Capture Mode.
For example, if T2ML = 1b and TF2CEN = 1b, Timer 2 will clock every SYSCLK and capture every external
clock divided by 8. If the SYSCLK is 24 MHz and the difference between two successive captures is 5984,
then the external clock frequency is as follows:
24 MHz/(5984/8) = 0.032086 MHz or 32.086 kHz
238
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
This mode allows software to determine the external oscillator frequency when an RC network or capacitor
is used to generate the clock source.
CKCON
T2XCLK
SYSCLK / 12
TTTTTTSS
3 3 2 2 1 0CC
MMMMMM A A
HLHL
1 0
0
0
TR2
External Clock / 8
SYSCLK
TMR2L
TMR2H
Capture
1
TF2CEN
TMR2RLL TMR2RLH
TMR2CN
External Clock / 8
TCLK
1
TF2H
TF2L
TF2LEN
TF2CEN
T2SPLIT
TR2
Interrupt
T2XCLK
Figure 23.6. Timer 2 External Oscillator Capture Mode Block Diagram
Rev. 1.1
239
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 23.8. TMR2CN: Timer 2 Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
TF2H
TF2L
TF2LEN
TF2CEN
T2SPLIT
TR2
Type
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
T2XCLK
SFR Address = 0xC8; Bit-Addressable; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
Function
7
TF2H
Timer 2 High Byte Overflow Flag.
Set by hardware when the Timer 2 high byte overflows from 0xFF to 0x00. In 16 bit
mode, this will occur when Timer 2 overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000. When the
Timer 2 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the Timer 2
interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware.
6
TF2L
Timer 2 Low Byte Overflow Flag.
Set by hardware when the Timer 2 low byte overflows from 0xFF to 0x00. TF2L will
be set when the low byte overflows regardless of the Timer 2 mode. This bit is not
automatically cleared by hardware.
5
TF2LEN
Timer 2 Low Byte Interrupt Enable.
When set to 1, this bit enables Timer 2 Low Byte interrupts. If Timer 2 interrupts are
also enabled, an interrupt will be generated when the low byte of Timer 2 overflows.
4
TF2CEN
Timer 2 Capture Mode Enable.
0: Timer 2 Capture Mode is disabled.
1: Timer 2 Capture Mode is enabled.
3
T2SPLIT
Timer 2 Split Mode Enable.
When this bit is set, Timer 2 operates as two 8-bit timers with auto-reload.
0: Timer 2 operates in 16-bit auto-reload mode.
1: Timer 2 operates as two 8-bit auto-reload timers.
2
TR2
Timer 2 Run Control.
Timer 2 is enabled by setting this bit to 1. In 8-bit mode, this bit enables/disables
TMR2H only; TMR2L is always enabled in split mode.
1
Unused
Read = 0b; Write = Don’t Care
0
T2XCLK
Timer 2 External Clock Select.
This bit selects the external clock source for Timer 2. If Timer 2 is in 8-bit mode, this
bit selects the external oscillator clock source for both timer bytes. However, the
Timer 2 Clock Select bits (T2MH and T2ML in register CKCON) may still be used to
select between the external clock and the system clock for either timer.
0: Timer 2 clock is the system clock divided by 12.
1: Timer 2 clock is the external clock divided by 8 (synchronized with SYSCLK).
240
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 23.9. TMR2RLL: Timer 2 Reload Register Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
TMR2RLL[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xCA; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7:0
2
1
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
TMR2RLL[7:0] Timer 2 Reload Register Low Byte.
TMR2RLL holds the low byte of the reload value for Timer 2.
SFR Definition 23.10. TMR2RLH: Timer 2 Reload Register High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
TMR2RLH[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xCB; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
0
0
Function
7:0 TMR2RLH[7:0] Timer 2 Reload Register High Byte.
TMR2RLH holds the high byte of the reload value for Timer 2.
Rev. 1.1
241
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 23.11. TMR2L: Timer 2 Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
TMR2L[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xCC; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7:0
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
TMR2L[7:0] Timer 2 Low Byte.
In 16-bit mode, the TMR2L register contains the low byte of the 16-bit Timer 2. In 8bit mode, TMR2L contains the 8-bit low byte timer value.
SFR Definition 23.12. TMR2H Timer 2 High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
TMR2H[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xCD; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7:0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
TMR2H[7:0] Timer 2 High Byte.
In 16-bit mode, the TMR2H register contains the high byte of the 16-bit Timer 2. In 8bit mode, TMR2H contains the 8-bit high byte timer value.
242
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
23.3. Timer 3
Timer 3 is a 16-bit timer formed by two 8-bit SFRs: TMR3L (low byte) and TMR3H (high byte). Timer 3 may
operate in 16-bit auto-reload mode or (split) 8-bit auto-reload mode. The T3SPLIT bit (TMR3CN.3) defines
the Timer 3 operation mode.
Timer 3 may be clocked by the system clock, the system clock divided by 12, or the external oscillator
source divided by 8. The external clock mode is ideal for real-time clock (RTC) functionality, where the
internal oscillator drives the system clock while Timer 3 (and/or the PCA) is clocked by an external precision oscillator. Note that the external oscillator source divided by 8 is synchronized with the system clock.
23.3.1. 16-bit Timer with Auto-Reload
When T3SPLIT (TMR3CN.3) is zero, Timer 3 operates as a 16-bit timer with auto-reload. Timer 3 can be
clocked by SYSCLK, SYSCLK divided by 12, or the external oscillator clock source divided by 8. As the
16-bit timer register increments and overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000, the 16-bit value in the Timer 3
reload registers (TMR3RLH and TMR3RLL) is loaded into the Timer 3 register as shown in Figure 23.7,
and the Timer 3 High Byte Overflow Flag (TMR3CN.7) is set. If Timer 3 interrupts are enabled, an interrupt
will be generated on each Timer 3 overflow. Additionally, if Timer 3 interrupts are enabled and the TF3LEN
bit is set (TMR3CN.5), an interrupt will be generated each time the lower 8 bits (TMR3L) overflow from
0xFF to 0x00.
CKCON
SYSCLK / 12
0
External Clock / 8
1
0
TR3
SYSCLK
To ADC,
SMBus
To SMBus
TL3
Overflow
TCLK
TMR3L
TMR3H
TMR3CN
T3XCLK
TTTTTTSS
3 3 2 2 1 0 CC
MMMMMM A A
HLHL
1 0
1
TF3H
TF3L
TF3LEN
TF3CEN
T3SPLIT
TR3
Interrupt
T3XCLK
TMR3RLL TMR3RLH
Reload
Figure 23.7. Timer 3 16-Bit Mode Block Diagram
23.3.2. 8-bit Timers with Auto-Reload
When T3SPLIT is set, Timer 3 operates as two 8-bit timers (TMR3H and TMR3L). Both 8-bit timers operate in auto-reload mode as shown in Figure 23.8. TMR3RLL holds the reload value for TMR3L; TMR3RLH
holds the reload value for TMR3H. The TR3 bit in TMR3CN handles the run control for TMR3H. TMR3L is
always running when configured for 8-bit Mode.
Each 8-bit timer may be configured to use SYSCLK, SYSCLK divided by 12, or the external oscillator clock
source divided by 8. The Timer 3 Clock Select bits (T3MH and T3ML in CKCON) select either SYSCLK or
the clock defined by the Timer 3 External Clock Select bit (T3XCLK in TMR3CN), as follows:
Rev. 1.1
243
C8051F54x
T3MH
T3XCLK
0
0
0
1
TMR3H Clock Source
T3ML
T3XCLK
TMR3L Clock Source
SYSCLK/12
0
0
SYSCLK/12
1
External Clock/8
0
1
External Clock/8
X
SYSCLK
1
X
SYSCLK
The TF3H bit is set when TMR3H overflows from 0xFF to 0x00; the TF3L bit is set when TMR3L overflows
from 0xFF to 0x00. When Timer 3 interrupts are enabled, an interrupt is generated each time TMR3H overflows. If Timer 3 interrupts are enabled and TF3LEN (TMR3CN.5) is set, an interrupt is generated each
time either TMR3L or TMR3H overflows. When TF3LEN is enabled, software must check the TF3H and
TF3L flags to determine the source of the Timer 3 interrupt. The TF3H and TF3L interrupt flags are not
cleared by hardware and must be manually cleared by software.
CKCON
TTTTTTSS
3 3 2 2 1 0 CC
MMMMMM A A
HLHL
1 0
T3XCLK
SYSCLK / 12
0
External Clock / 8
1
TMR3RLH
Reload
To SMBus
0
TCLK
TR3
TMR3H
TMR3RLL
SYSCLK
Reload
TMR3CN
1
TF3H
TF3L
TF3LEN
TF3CEN
T3SPLIT
TR3
Interrupt
T3XCLK
1
TCLK
TMR3L
To ADC,
SMBus
0
Figure 23.8. Timer 3 8-Bit Mode Block Diagram
23.3.3. External Oscillator Capture Mode
Capture Mode allows the external oscillator to be measured against the system clock. Timer 3 can be
clocked from the system clock, or the system clock divided by 12, depending on the T3ML (CKCON.6),
and T3XCLK bits. When a capture event is generated, the contents of Timer 3 (TMR3H:TMR3L) are
loaded into the Timer 3 reload registers (TMR3RLH:TMR3RLL) and the TF3H flag is set. A capture event
is generated by the falling edge of the clock source being measured, which is the external oscillator/8. By
recording the difference between two successive timer capture values, the external oscillator frequency
can be determined with respect to the Timer 3 clock. The Timer 3 clock should be much faster than the
capture clock to achieve an accurate reading. Timer 3 should be in 16-bit auto-reload mode when using
Capture Mode.
If the SYSCLK is 24 MHz and the difference between two successive captures is 5861, then the external
clock frequency is as follows:
24 MHz/(5861/8) = 0.032754 MHz or 32.754 kHz
This mode allows software to determine the external oscillator frequency when an RC network or capacitor
is used to generate the clock source.
244
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
CKCON
T3XCLK
SYSCLK / 12
TTTTTTSS
3 3 2 2 1 0CC
MMMMMM A A
HLHL
1 0
0
0
TR3
External Clock / 8
SYSCLK
TMR3L
TMR3H
Capture
1
TF3CEN
TMR3RLL TMR3RLH
TMR3CN
External Clock / 8
TCLK
1
TF3H
TF3L
TF3LEN
TF3CEN
T3SPLIT
TR3
Interrupt
T3XCLK
Figure 23.9. Timer 3 External Oscillator Capture Mode Block Diagram
Rev. 1.1
245
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 23.13. TMR3CN: Timer 3 Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
Name
TF3H
TF3L
TF3LEN
TF3CEN
T3SPLIT
TR3
Type
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x91; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7
TF3H
1
0
T3XCLK
Function
Timer 3 High Byte Overflow Flag.
Set by hardware when the Timer 3 high byte overflows from 0xFF to 0x00. In 16 bit
mode, this will occur when Timer 3 overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000. When the
Timer 3 interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the Timer 3
interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware.
6
TF3L
Timer 3 Low Byte Overflow Flag.
Set by hardware when the Timer 3 low byte overflows from 0xFF to 0x00. TF3L will
be set when the low byte overflows regardless of the Timer 3 mode. This bit is not
automatically cleared by hardware.
5
TF3LEN
Timer 3 Low Byte Interrupt Enable.
When set to 1, this bit enables Timer 3 Low Byte interrupts. If Timer 3 interrupts are
also enabled, an interrupt will be generated when the low byte of Timer 3 overflows.
4
TF3CEN
Timer 3 Capture Mode Enable.
0: Timer 3 Capture Mode is disabled.
1: Timer 3 Capture Mode is enabled.
3
T3SPLIT
Timer 3 Split Mode Enable.
When this bit is set, Timer 3 operates as two 8-bit timers with auto-reload.
0: Timer 3 operates in 16-bit auto-reload mode.
1: Timer 3 operates as two 8-bit auto-reload timers.
2
TR3
Timer 3 Run Control.
Timer 3 is enabled by setting this bit to 1. In 8-bit mode, this bit enables/disables
TMR3H only; TMR3L is always enabled in split mode.
1
Unused
Read = 0b; Write = Don’t Care
0
T3XCLK
Timer 3 External Clock Select.
This bit selects the external clock source for Timer 3. If Timer 3 is in 8-bit mode, this
bit selects the external oscillator clock source for both timer bytes. However, the
Timer 3 Clock Select bits (T3MH and T3ML in register CKCON) may still be used to
select between the external clock and the system clock for either timer.
0: Timer 3 clock is the system clock divided by 12.
1: Timer 3 clock is the external clock divided by 8 (synchronized with SYSCLK).
246
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 23.14. TMR3RLL: Timer 3 Reload Register Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
TMR3RLL[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x92; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7:0
2
1
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
TMR3RLL[7:0] Timer 3 Reload Register Low Byte.
TMR3RLL holds the low byte of the reload value for Timer 3.
SFR Definition 23.15. TMR3RLH: Timer 3 Reload Register High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
TMR3RLH[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x93; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
0
0
Function
7:0 TMR3RLH[7:0] Timer 3 Reload Register High Byte.
TMR3RLH holds the high byte of the reload value for Timer 3.
Rev. 1.1
247
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 23.16. TMR3L: Timer 3 Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
TMR3L[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x94; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7:0
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
TMR3L[7:0] Timer 3 Low Byte.
In 16-bit mode, the TMR3L register contains the low byte of the 16-bit Timer 3. In 8bit mode, TMR3L contains the 8-bit low byte timer value.
SFR Definition 23.17. TMR3H Timer 3 High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
TMR3H[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0x95; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7:0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
TMR3H[7:0] Timer 3 High Byte.
In 16-bit mode, the TMR3H register contains the high byte of the 16-bit Timer 3. In 8bit mode, TMR3H contains the 8-bit high byte timer value.
248
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
24. Programmable Counter Array
The Programmable Counter Array (PCA0) provides enhanced timer functionality while requiring less CPU
intervention than the standard 8051 counter/timers. The PCA consists of a dedicated 16-bit counter/timer
and six 16-bit capture/compare modules. Each capture/compare module has its own associated I/O line
(CEXn) which is routed through the Crossbar to Port I/O when enabled. The counter/timer is driven by a
programmable timebase that can select between six sources: system clock, system clock divided by four,
system clock divided by twelve, the external oscillator clock source divided by 8, Timer 0 overflows, or an
external clock signal on the ECI input pin. Each capture/compare module may be configured to operate
independently in one of six modes: Edge-Triggered Capture, Software Timer, High-Speed Output, Frequency Output, 8 to 11-Bit PWM, or 16-Bit PWM (each mode is described in Section
“24.3. Capture/Compare Modules” on page 252). The external oscillator clock option is ideal for real-time
clock (RTC) functionality, allowing the PCA to be clocked by a precision external oscillator while the internal oscillator drives the system clock. The PCA is configured and controlled through the system controller's
Special Function Registers. The PCA block diagram is shown in Figure 24.1
Important Note: The PCA Module 5 may be used as a watchdog timer (WDT), and is enabled in this mode
following a system reset. Access to certain PCA registers is restricted while WDT mode is enabled.
See Section 24.4 for details.
SYSCLK/12
SYSCLK/4
Timer 0 Overflow
ECI
PCA
CLOCK
MUX
16-Bit Counter/Timer
SYSCLK
External Clock/8
Capture/Compare
Module 0
Capture/Compare
Module 1
Capture/Compare
Module 2
Capture/Compare
Module 3
Capture/Compare
Module 4
Capture/Compare
Module 5 / WDT
CEX5
CEX4
CEX3
CEX2
CEX1
CEX0
ECI
Crossbar
Port I/O
Figure 24.1. PCA Block Diagram
Rev. 1.1
249
C8051F54x
24.1. PCA Counter/Timer
The 16-bit PCA counter/timer consists of two 8-bit SFRs: PCA0L and PCA0H. PCA0H is the high byte
(MSB) of the 16-bit counter/timer and PCA0L is the low byte (LSB). Reading PCA0L automatically latches
the value of PCA0H into a “snapshot” register; the following PCA0H read accesses this “snapshot” register.
Reading the PCA0L Register first guarantees an accurate reading of the entire 16-bit PCA0 counter.
Reading PCA0H or PCA0L does not disturb the counter operation. The CPS[2:0] bits in the PCA0MD register select the timebase for the counter/timer as shown in Table 24.1.
When the counter/timer overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000, the Counter Overflow Flag (CF) in PCA0MD is
set to logic 1 and an interrupt request is generated if CF interrupts are enabled. Setting the ECF bit in
PCA0MD to logic 1 enables the CF flag to generate an interrupt request. The CF bit is not automatically
cleared by hardware when the CPU vectors to the interrupt service routine, and must be cleared by software. Clearing the CIDL bit in the PCA0MD register allows the PCA to continue normal operation while the
CPU is in Idle mode.
Table 24.1. PCA Timebase Input Options
CPS2
CPS1
CPS0
Timebase
0
0
0
System clock divided by 12.
0
0
1
System clock divided by 4.
0
1
0
Timer 0 overflow.
0
1
1
High-to-low transitions on ECI (max rate = system clock divided
by 4).
1
0
0
System clock.
1
0
1
External oscillator source divided by 8.*
1
1
x
Reserved.
*Note: External oscillator source divided by 8 is synchronized with the system clock.
250
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
IDLE
PCA0MD
CWW
I D D
DT L
L E C
K
CCCE
PPPC
SSSF
2 1 0
PCA0CN
CCCCCCCC
FRCCCCCC
FFFFFF
5 4 3 2 1 0
To SFR Bus
PCA0L
read
Snapshot
Register
SYSCLK/12
SYSCLK/4
Timer 0 Overflow
ECI
SYSCLK
External Clock/8
000
001
010
0
011
1
PCA0H
PCA0L
Overflow
To PCA Interrupt System
CF
100
101
To PCA Modules
Figure 24.2. PCA Counter/Timer Block Diagram
24.2. PCA0 Interrupt Sources
Figure 24.3 shows a diagram of the PCA interrupt tree. There are five independent event flags that can be
used to generate a PCA0 interrupt. They are as follows: the main PCA counter overflow flag (CF), which is
set upon a 16-bit overflow of the PCA0 counter, an intermediate overflow flag (COVF), which can be set on
an overflow from the 8th, 9th, 10th, or 11th bit of the PCA0 counter, and the individual flags for each PCA
channel (CCF0, CCF1, CCF2, CCF3, CCF4, and CCF5), which are set according to the operation mode of
that module. These event flags are always set when the trigger condition occurs. Each of these flags can
be individually selected to generate a PCA0 interrupt, using the corresponding interrupt enable flag (ECF
for CF, ECOV for COVF, and ECCFn for each CCFn). PCA0 interrupts must be globally enabled before any
individual interrupt sources are recognized by the processor. PCA0 interrupts are globally enabled by setting the EA bit and the EPCA0 bit to logic 1.
Rev. 1.1
251
C8051F54x
(for n = 0 to 2)
PCA0CPMn
PCA0CN
P ECCMT P E
WC A A AOWC
MOPP TGMC
1 MP N n n n F
6 n n n
n
n
CCCCCCCC
FRCCCCCC
FFFFFF
5 4 3 2 1 0
PCA0MD
C WW
I DD
DT L
LEC
K
PCA0PWM
A
R
S
E
L
CCCE
PPPC
SSSF
2 1 0
C
L
S
E
L
1
CE
OC
VO
FV
PCA Counter/Timer 8, 9,
10 or 11-bit Overflow
C
L
S
E
L
0
Set 8, 9, 10, or 11 bit Operation
0
PCA Counter/Timer 16bit Overflow
1
ECCF0
PCA Module 0
(CCF0)
0
1
EPCA0
EA
0
0
0
1
1
1
Interrupt
Priority
Decoder
ECCF1
0
PCA Module 1
(CCF1)
1
ECCF2
0
PCA Module 2
(CCF2)
1
ECCF3
0
PCA Module 3
(CCF3)
1
ECCF4
0
PCA Module 4
(CCF4)
1
ECCF5
0
PCA Module 5
(CCF5)
1
Figure 24.3. PCA Interrupt Block Diagram
24.3. Capture/Compare Modules
Each module can be configured to operate independently in one of six operation modes: Edge-triggered
Capture, Software Timer, High Speed Output, Frequency Output, 8 to 11-Bit Pulse Width Modulator, or 16Bit Pulse Width Modulator. Each module has Special Function Registers (SFRs) associated with it in the
CIP-51 system controller. These registers are used to exchange data with a module and configure the
module's mode of operation. Table 24.2 summarizes the bit settings in the PCA0CPMn and PCA0PWM
registers used to select the PCA capture/compare module’s operating mode. All modules set to use 8, 9,
10, or 11-bit PWM mode must use the same cycle length (8-11 bits). Setting the ECCFn bit in a
PCA0CPMn register enables the module's CCFn interrupt.
252
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
Table 24.2. PCA0CPM and PCA0PWM Bit Settings for
PCA Capture/Compare Modules
Operational Mode
PCA0CPMn
PCA0PWM
Bit Number
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5
4–2
1–0
Capture triggered by positive edge on CEXn
X X 1 0 0 0 0 A 0 X B XXX
XX
Capture triggered by negative edge on CEXn
X X 0 1 0 0 0 A 0 X B XXX
XX
Capture triggered by any transition on CEXn
X X 1 1 0 0 0 A 0 X B XXX
XX
Software Timer
X C 0 0 1 0 0 A 0 X B XXX
XX
High Speed Output
X C 0 0 1 1 0 A 0 X B XXX
XX
Frequency Output
X C 0 0 0 1 1 A 0 X B XXX
XX
8-Bit Pulse Width Modulator (Note 7)
0 C 0 0 E 0 1 A 0 X B XXX
00
9-Bit Pulse Width Modulator (Note 7)
0 C 0 0 E 0 1 A D X B XXX
01
10-Bit Pulse Width Modulator (Note 7)
0 C 0 0 E 0 1 A D X B XXX
10
11-Bit Pulse Width Modulator (Note 7)
0 C 0 0 E 0 1 A D X B XXX
11
16-Bit Pulse Width Modulator
1 C 0 0 E 0 1 A 0 X B XXX
XX
Notes:
1. X = Don’t Care (no functional difference for individual module if 1 or 0).
2. A = 1 to enable interrupts for this module (PCA interrupt triggered on CCFn set to 1).
3. B = 1 to enable 8th, 9th, 10th or 11th bit overflow interrupt (Depends on setting of CLSEL[1:0]).
4. C = When set to 0, the digital comparator is off. For high speed and frequency output modes, the
associated pin will not toggle. In any of the PWM modes, this generates a 0% duty cycle (output = 0).
5. D = Selects whether the Capture/Compare register (0) or the Auto-Reload register (1) for the associated
channel is accessed via addresses PCA0CPHn and PCA0CPLn.
6. E = When set to 1, a match event will cause the CCFn flag for the associated channel to be set.
7. All modules set to 8, 9, 10 or 11-bit PWM mode use the same cycle length setting.
24.3.1. Edge-triggered Capture Mode
In this mode, a valid transition on the CEXn pin causes the PCA to capture the value of the PCA
counter/timer and load it into the corresponding module's 16-bit capture/compare register (PCA0CPLn and
PCA0CPHn). The CAPPn and CAPNn bits in the PCA0CPMn register are used to select the type of transition that triggers the capture: low-to-high transition (positive edge), high-to-low transition (negative edge),
or either transition (positive or negative edge). When a capture occurs, the Capture/Compare Flag (CCFn)
in PCA0CN is set to logic 1. An interrupt request is generated if the CCFn interrupt for that module is
enabled. The CCFn bit is not automatically cleared by hardware when the CPU vectors to the interrupt service routine, and must be cleared by software. If both CAPPn and CAPNn bits are set to logic 1, then the
state of the Port pin associated with CEXn can be read directly to determine whether a rising-edge or falling-edge caused the capture.
Rev. 1.1
253
C8051F54x
PCA Interrupt
PCA0CPMn
P ECCMT P E
WC A A AOWC
MOPP TGMC
1 MP N n n n F
6 n n n
n
n
0 0 0 x
(to CCFn)
x x
0
Port I/O
Crossbar
CEXn
PCA0CN
CCCCCCCC
FRCCCCCC
FFFFFF
5 4 3 2 1 0
1
PCA0CPLn
PCA0CPHn
Capture
0
1
PCA
Timebase
PCA0L
PCA0H
Figure 24.4. PCA Capture Mode Diagram
Note: The CEXn input signal must remain high or low for at least 2 system clock cycles to be recognized by the
hardware.
24.3.2. Software Timer (Compare) Mode
In Software Timer mode, the PCA counter/timer value is compared to the module's 16-bit capture/compare
register (PCA0CPHn and PCA0CPLn). When a match occurs, the Capture/Compare Flag (CCFn) in
PCA0CN is set to logic 1. An interrupt request is generated if the CCFn interrupt for that module is
enabled. The CCFn bit is not automatically cleared by hardware when the CPU vectors to the interrupt service routine, and must be cleared by software. Setting the ECOMn and MATn bits in the PCA0CPMn register enables Software Timer mode.
Important Note About Capture/Compare Registers: When writing a 16-bit value to the PCA0 Capture/Compare registers, the low byte should always be written first. Writing to PCA0CPLn clears the
ECOMn bit to 0; writing to PCA0CPHn sets ECOMn to 1.
254
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
Write to
PCA0CPLn
0
ENB
Reset
Write to
PCA0CPHn
PCA Interrupt
ENB
1
PCA0CPMn
P ECCMT P E
WC A A AOWC
MOPP TGMC
1 MP N n n n F
6 n n n
n
n
x
0 0
PCA0CN
PCA0CPLn
CCCCCCCC
FRCCCCCC
FFFFFF
2 1 0 2 1 0
PCA0CPHn
0 0 x
Enable
16-bit Comparator
PCA
Timebase
PCA0L
Match
0
1
PCA0H
Figure 24.5. PCA Software Timer Mode Diagram
24.3.3. High-Speed Output Mode
In High-Speed Output mode, a module’s associated CEXn pin is toggled each time a match occurs
between the PCA Counter and the module's 16-bit capture/compare register (PCA0CPHn and
PCA0CPLn). When a match occurs, the Capture/Compare Flag (CCFn) in PCA0CN is set to logic 1. An
interrupt request is generated if the CCFn interrupt for that module is enabled. The CCFn bit is not automatically cleared by hardware when the CPU vectors to the interrupt service routine, and must be cleared
by software. Setting the TOGn, MATn, and ECOMn bits in the PCA0CPMn register enables the HighSpeed Output mode. If ECOMn is cleared, the associated pin will retain its state, and not toggle on the next
match event.
Important Note About Capture/Compare Registers: When writing a 16-bit value to the PCA0 Capture/Compare registers, the low byte should always be written first. Writing to PCA0CPLn clears the
ECOMn bit to 0; writing to PCA0CPHn sets ECOMn to 1.
Rev. 1.1
255
C8051F54x
Write to
PCA0CPLn
0
ENB
Reset
Write to
PCA0CPHn
PCA0CPMn
P ECCMT P E
WC A A AOWC
MOPP TGMC
1 MPN n n n F
6 n n n
n
n
ENB
1
x
0 0
0 x
PCA Interrupt
PCA0CN
PCA0CPLn
Enable
CCCCCCCC
FRCCCCCC
FFFFFF
5 4 3 2 1 0
PCA0CPHn
16-bit Comparator
Match
0
1
TOGn
Toggle
PCA
Timebase
0 CEXn
1
PCA0L
Crossbar
Port I/O
PCA0H
Figure 24.6. PCA High-Speed Output Mode Diagram
24.3.4. Frequency Output Mode
Frequency Output Mode produces a programmable-frequency square wave on the module’s associated
CEXn pin. The capture/compare module high byte holds the number of PCA clocks to count before the output is toggled. The frequency of the square wave is then defined by Equation 24.1.
F PCA
F CEXn = ------------------------------------------2 × PCA0CPHn
Note: A value of 0x00 in the PCA0CPHn register is equal to 256 for this equation.
Equation 24.1. Square Wave Frequency Output
Where FPCA is the frequency of the clock selected by the CPS[2:0] bits in the PCA mode register,
PCA0MD. The lower byte of the capture/compare module is compared to the PCA counter low byte; on a
match, CEXn is toggled and the offset held in the high byte is added to the matched value in PCA0CPLn.
Frequency Output Mode is enabled by setting the ECOMn, TOGn, and PWMn bits in the PCA0CPMn register. Note that the MATn bit should normally be set to 0 in this mode. If the MATn bit is set to 1, the CCFn
flag for the channel will be set when the 16-bit PCA0 counter and the 16-bit capture/compare register for
the channel are equal.
256
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
Write to
PCA0CPLn
0
ENB
Reset
PCA0CPMn
Write to
PCA0CPHn
ENB
1
P ECCMT P E
WC A A AOWC
MOPP TGMC
1 MP N n n n F
6 n n n
n
n
x
0 0 0
PCA0CPLn
8-bit Adder
PCA0CPHn
Adder
Enable
TOGn
Toggle
x
Enable
PCA Timebase
8-bit
Comparator
match
0 CEXn
1
Crossbar
Port I/O
PCA0L
Figure 24.7. PCA Frequency Output Mode
24.3.5. 8-bit, 9-bit, 10-bit and 11-bit Pulse Width Modulator Modes
Each module can be used independently to generate a pulse width modulated (PWM) output on its associated CEXn pin. The frequency of the output is dependent on the timebase for the PCA counter/timer, and
the setting of the PWM cycle length (8, 9, 10 or 11-bits). For backwards-compatibility with the 8-bit PWM
mode available on other devices, the 8-bit PWM mode operates slightly different than 9, 10 and 11-bit
PWM modes. It is important to note that all channels configured for 8/9/10/11-bit PWM mode will use
the same cycle length. It is not possible to configure one channel for 8-bit PWM mode and another for 11bit mode (for example). However, other PCA channels can be configured to Pin Capture, High-Speed Output, Software Timer, Frequency Output, or 16-bit PWM mode independently.
24.3.5.1. 8-bit Pulse Width Modulator Mode
The duty cycle of the PWM output signal in 8-bit PWM mode is varied using the module's PCA0CPLn capture/compare register. When the value in the low byte of the PCA counter/timer (PCA0L) is equal to the
value in PCA0CPLn, the output on the CEXn pin will be set. When the count value in PCA0L overflows, the
CEXn output will be reset (see Figure 24.8). Also, when the counter/timer low byte (PCA0L) overflows from
0xFF to 0x00, PCA0CPLn is reloaded automatically with the value stored in the module’s capture/compare
high byte (PCA0CPHn) without software intervention. Setting the ECOMn and PWMn bits in the
PCA0CPMn register, and setting the CLSEL bits in register PCA0PWM to 00b enables 8-Bit Pulse Width
Modulator mode. If the MATn bit is set to 1, the CCFn flag for the module will be set each time an 8-bit
comparator match (rising edge) occurs. The COVF flag in PCA0PWM can be used to detect the overflow
(falling edge), which will occur every 256 PCA clock cycles. The duty cycle for 8-Bit PWM Mode is given in
Equation 24.2.
Important Note About Capture/Compare Registers: When writing a 16-bit value to the PCA0 Capture/Compare registers, the low byte should always be written first. Writing to PCA0CPLn clears the
ECOMn bit to 0; writing to PCA0CPHn sets ECOMn to 1.
( 256 – PCA0CPHn )
Duty Cycle = ------------------------------------------------------256
Equation 24.2. 8-Bit PWM Duty Cycle
Using Equation 24.2, the largest duty cycle is 100% (PCA0CPHn = 0), and the smallest duty cycle is
0.39% (PCA0CPHn = 0xFF). A 0% duty cycle may be generated by clearing the ECOMn bit to 0.
Rev. 1.1
257
C8051F54x
Write to
PCA0CPLn
0
ENB
Reset
PCA0CPHn
Write to
PCA0CPHn
ENB
COVF
1
PCA0PWM
A
R
S
E
L
EC
CO
OV
VF
0
x
C
L
S
E
L
1
PCA0CPMn
C
L
S
E
L
0
0 0
P ECCMT P E
WC A A AOWC
MOPP TGMC
1 MPN n n n F
6 n n n
n
n
0
0 0 x 0
PCA0CPLn
x
Enable
8-bit
Comparator
match
S
R
PCA Timebase
SET
CLR
Q
CEXn
Crossbar
Port I/O
Q
PCA0L
Overflow
Figure 24.8. PCA 8-Bit PWM Mode Diagram
24.3.5.2. 9/10/11-bit Pulse Width Modulator Mode
The duty cycle of the PWM output signal in 9/10/11-bit PWM mode should be varied by writing to an “AutoReload” Register, which is dual-mapped into the PCA0CPHn and PCA0CPLn register locations. The data
written to define the duty cycle should be right-justified in the registers. The auto-reload registers are
accessed (read or written) when the bit ARSEL in PCA0PWM is set to 1. The capture/compare registers
are accessed when ARSEL is set to 0.
When the least-significant N bits of the PCA0 counter match the value in the associated module’s capture/compare register (PCA0CPn), the output on CEXn is asserted high. When the counter overflows from
the Nth bit, CEXn is asserted low (see Figure 24.9). Upon an overflow from the Nth bit, the COVF flag is
set, and the value stored in the module’s auto-reload register is loaded into the capture/compare register.
The value of N is determined by the CLSEL bits in register PCA0PWM.
The 9, 10 or 11-bit PWM mode is selected by setting the ECOMn and PWMn bits in the PCA0CPMn register, and setting the CLSEL bits in register PCA0PWM to the desired cycle length (other than 8-bits). If the
MATn bit is set to 1, the CCFn flag for the module will be set each time a comparator match (rising edge)
occurs. The COVF flag in PCA0PWM can be used to detect the overflow (falling edge), which will occur
every 512 (9-bit), 1024 (10-bit) or 2048 (11-bit) PCA clock cycles. The duty cycle for 9/10/11-Bit PWM
Mode is given in Equation 24.2, where N is the number of bits in the PWM cycle.
Important Note About PCA0CPHn and PCA0CPLn Registers: When writing a 16-bit value to the
PCA0CPn registers, the low byte should always be written first. Writing to PCA0CPLn clears the ECOMn
bit to 0; writing to PCA0CPHn sets ECOMn to 1.
( 2 N – PCA0CPn )
Duty Cycle = -----------------------------------------------2N
Equation 24.3. 9, 10, and 11-Bit PWM Duty Cycle
A 0% duty cycle may be generated by clearing the ECOMn bit to 0.
258
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
Write to
PCA0CPLn
0
R/W when
ARSEL = 1
ENB
Reset
Write to
PCA0CPHn
(Auto-Reload)
PCA0PWM
PCA0CPH:Ln
A
R
S
E
L
(right-justified)
ENB
1
C
L
S
E
L
1
EC
CO
OV
VF
PCA0CPMn
P ECCMT P E
WC A A AOWC
MOPP TGMC
1 MP N n n n F
6 n n n
n
n
0
0 0 x 0
R/W when
ARSEL = 0
C
L
S
E
L
0
x
(Capture/Compare)
Set “N” bits:
01 = 9 bits
10 = 10 bits
11 = 11 bits
PCA0CPH:Ln
(right-justified)
x
Enable
N-bit Comparator
match
S
R
PCA Timebase
SET
CLR
Q
CEXn
Crossbar
Port I/O
Q
PCA0H:L
Overflow of Nth Bit
Figure 24.9. PCA 9, 10 and 11-Bit PWM Mode Diagram
24.3.6. 16-Bit Pulse Width Modulator Mode
A PCA module may also be operated in 16-Bit PWM mode. 16-bit PWM mode is independent of the other
(8/9/10/11-bit) PWM modes. In this mode, the 16-bit capture/compare module defines the number of PCA
clocks for the low time of the PWM signal. When the PCA counter matches the module contents, the output on CEXn is asserted high; when the 16-bit counter overflows, CEXn is asserted low. To output a varying duty cycle, new value writes should be synchronized with PCA CCFn match interrupts. 16-Bit PWM
Mode is enabled by setting the ECOMn, PWMn, and PWM16n bits in the PCA0CPMn register. For a varying duty cycle, match interrupts should be enabled (ECCFn = 1 AND MATn = 1) to help synchronize the
capture/compare register writes. If the MATn bit is set to 1, the CCFn flag for the module will be set each
time a 16-bit comparator match (rising edge) occurs. The CF flag in PCA0CN can be used to detect the
overflow (falling edge). The duty cycle for 16-Bit PWM Mode is given by Equation 24.4.
Important Note About Capture/Compare Registers: When writing a 16-bit value to the PCA0 Capture/Compare registers, the low byte should always be written first. Writing to PCA0CPLn clears the
ECOMn bit to 0; writing to PCA0CPHn sets ECOMn to 1.
( 65536 – PCA0CPn )
Duty Cycle = --------------------------------------------------------65536
Equation 24.4. 16-Bit PWM Duty Cycle
Using Equation 24.4, the largest duty cycle is 100% (PCA0CPn = 0), and the smallest duty cycle is
0.0015% (PCA0CPn = 0xFFFF). A 0% duty cycle may be generated by clearing the ECOMn bit to 0.
Rev. 1.1
259
C8051F54x
Write to
PCA0CPLn
0
ENB
Reset
Write to
PCA0CPHn
ENB
1
PCA0CPMn
P ECCMT P E
WC A A AOWC
MOPP TGMC
1 MP N n n n F
6 n n n
n
n
1
0 0 x 0
PCA0CPHn
PCA0CPLn
x
Enable
16-bit Comparator
match
S
R
PCA Timebase
PCA0H
SET
CLR
Q
CEXn
Crossbar
Port I/O
Q
PCA0L
Overflow
Figure 24.10. PCA 16-Bit PWM Mode
24.4. Watchdog Timer Mode
A programmable watchdog timer (WDT) function is available through the PCA Module 5. The WDT is used
to generate a reset if the time between writes to the WDT update register (PCA0CPH5) exceed a specified
limit. The WDT can be configured and enabled/disabled as needed by software.
With the WDTE bit set in the PCA0MD register, Module 5 operates as a watchdog timer (WDT). The Module 5 high byte is compared to the PCA counter high byte; the Module 5 low byte holds the offset to be
used when WDT updates are performed. The Watchdog Timer is enabled on reset. Writes to some
PCA registers are restricted while the Watchdog Timer is enabled. The WDT will generate a reset
shortly after code begins execution. To avoid this reset, the WDT should be explicitly disabled (and optionally re-configured and re-enabled if it is used in the system).
24.4.1. Watchdog Timer Operation
While the WDT is enabled:
PCA counter is forced on.
Writes to PCA0L and PCA0H are not allowed.
PCA clock source bits (CPS[2:0]) are frozen.
PCA Idle control bit (CIDL) is frozen.
Module 5 is forced into software timer mode.
Writes to the Module 5 mode register (PCA0CPM5) are disabled.
While the WDT is enabled, writes to the CR bit will not change the PCA counter state; the counter will run
until the WDT is disabled. The PCA counter run control bit (CR) will read zero if the WDT is enabled but
user software has not enabled the PCA counter. If a match occurs between PCA0CPH5 and PCA0H while
the WDT is enabled, a reset will be generated. To prevent a WDT reset, the WDT may be updated with a
write of any value to PCA0CPH5. Upon a PCA0CPH5 write, PCA0H plus the offset held in PCA0CPL5 is
loaded into PCA0CPH5 (See Figure 24.11).
260
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
PCA0MD
CWW
I D D
D T L
L E C
K
CCCE
PPPC
SSSF
2 1 0
PCA0CPH5
Enable
PCA0CPL5
8-bit Adder
8-bit
Comparator
PCA0H
Match
Reset
PCA0L Overflow
Adder
Enable
Write to
PCA0CPH2
Figure 24.11. PCA Module 2 with Watchdog Timer Enabled
Note that the 8-bit offset held in PCA0CPH5 is compared to the upper byte of the 16-bit PCA counter. This
offset value is the number of PCA0L overflows before a reset. Up to 256 PCA clocks may pass before the
first PCA0L overflow occurs, depending on the value of the PCA0L when the update is performed. The
total offset is then given (in PCA clocks) by Equation 24.5, where PCA0L is the value of the PCA0L register
at the time of the update.
Offset = ( 256
x PCA0CPL5 ) + ( 256 – PCA0L )
Equation 24.5. Watchdog Timer Offset in PCA Clocks
The WDT reset is generated when PCA0L overflows while there is a match between PCA0CPH5 and
PCA0H. Software may force a WDT reset by writing a 1 to the CCF5 flag (PCA0CN.5) while the WDT is
enabled.
24.4.2. Watchdog Timer Usage
To configure the WDT, perform the following tasks:
Disable the WDT by writing a 0 to the WDTE bit.
Select the desired PCA clock source (with the CPS[2:0] bits).
Load PCA0CPL5 with the desired WDT update offset value.
Configure the PCA Idle mode (set CIDL if the WDT should be suspended while the CPU is in Idle
mode).
Enable the WDT by setting the WDTE bit to 1.
Reset the WDT timer by writing to PCA0CPH5.
The PCA clock source and Idle mode select cannot be changed while the WDT is enabled. The watchdog
timer is enabled by setting the WDTE or WDLCK bits in the PCA0MD register. When WDLCK is set, the
WDT cannot be disabled until the next system reset. If WDLCK is not set, the WDT is disabled by clearing
the WDTE bit.
The WDT is enabled following any reset. The PCA0 counter clock defaults to the system clock divided by
12, PCA0L defaults to 0x00, and PCA0CPL5 defaults to 0x00. Using Equation 24.5, this results in a WDT
timeout interval of 256 PCA clock cycles, or 3072 system clock cycles. Table 24.3 lists some example timeout intervals for typical system clocks.
Rev. 1.1
261
C8051F54x
Table 24.3. Watchdog Timer Timeout Intervals1
System Clock (Hz)
PCA0CPL5
Timeout Interval (ms)
24,000,000
255
32.8
24,000,000
128
16.5
24,000,000
32
4.2
3,000,000
255
262.1
3,000,000
128
132.1
3,000,000
32
33.8
2
255
4194
187,5002
128
2114
187,5002
32
541
187,500
Notes:
1. Assumes SYSCLK/12 as the PCA clock source, and a PCA0L value
of 0x00 at the update time.
2. Internal SYSCLK reset frequency = Internal Oscillator divided by
128.
262
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
24.5. Register Descriptions for PCA0
Following are detailed descriptions of the special function registers related to the operation of the PCA.
SFR Definition 24.1. PCA0CN: PCA Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
CF
CR
CCF5
CCF4
CCF3
CCF2
CCF1
CCF0
Type
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xD8; Bit-Addressable; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
Function
7
CF
PCA Counter/Timer Overflow Flag.
Set by hardware when the PCA Counter/Timer overflows from 0xFFFF to 0x0000.
When the Counter/Timer Overflow (CF) interrupt is enabled, setting this bit causes the
CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared
by hardware and must be cleared by software.
6
CR
PCA Counter/Timer Run Control.
This bit enables/disables the PCA Counter/Timer.
0: PCA Counter/Timer disabled.
1: PCA Counter/Timer enabled.
5
CCF5
PCA Module 5 Capture/Compare Flag.
This bit is set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. When the CCF5 interrupt
is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared by software.
4
CCF4
PCA Module 4 Capture/Compare Flag.
This bit is set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. When the CCF4 interrupt
is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared by software.
3
CCF3
PCA Module 3 Capture/Compare Flag.
This bit is set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. When the CCF3 interrupt
is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared by software.
2
CCF2
PCA Module 2 Capture/Compare Flag.
This bit is set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. When the CCF2 interrupt
is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared by software.
1
CCF1
PCA Module 1 Capture/Compare Flag.
This bit is set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. When the CCF1 interrupt
is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared by software.
0
CCF0
PCA Module 0 Capture/Compare Flag.
This bit is set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. When the CCF0 interrupt
is enabled, setting this bit causes the CPU to vector to the PCA interrupt service routine. This bit is not automatically cleared by hardware and must be cleared by software.
Rev. 1.1
263
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 24.2. PCA0MD: PCA Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
CIDL
WDTE
WDLCK
Type
R/W
R/W
R/W
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
CIDL
2
1
CPS[2:0]
SFR Address = 0xD9; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7
3
0
ECF
Function
PCA Counter/Timer Idle Control.
Specifies PCA behavior when CPU is in Idle Mode.
0: PCA continues to function normally while the system controller is in Idle Mode.
1: PCA operation is suspended while the system controller is in Idle Mode.
6
WDTE
Watchdog Timer Enable
If this bit is set, PCA Module 5 is used as the watchdog timer.
0: Watchdog Timer disabled.
1: PCA Module 5 enabled as Watchdog Timer.
5
WDLCK
Watchdog Timer Lock
This bit locks/unlocks the Watchdog Timer Enable. When WDLCK is set, the Watchdog
Timer may not be disabled until the next system reset.
0: Watchdog Timer Enable unlocked.
1: Watchdog Timer Enable locked.
4
3:1
Unused
Read = 0b, Write = Don't care.
CPS[2:0] PCA Counter/Timer Pulse Select.
These bits select the timebase source for the PCA counter
000: System clock divided by 12
001: System clock divided by 4
010: Timer 0 overflow
011: High-to-low transitions on ECI (max rate = system clock divided by 4)
100: System clock
101: External clock divided by 8 (synchronized with the system clock)
11x: Reserved
0
ECF
PCA Counter/Timer Overflow Interrupt Enable.
This bit sets the masking of the PCA Counter/Timer Overflow (CF) interrupt.
0: Disable the CF interrupt.
1: Enable a PCA Counter/Timer Overflow interrupt request when CF (PCA0CN.7) is
set.
Note: When the WDTE bit is set to 1, the other bits in the PCA0MD register cannot be modified. To change the
contents of the PCA0MD register, the Watchdog Timer must first be disabled.
264
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 24.3. PCA0PWM: PCA PWM Configuration
Bit
7
6
5
4
Name
ARSEL
ECOV
COVF
Type
R/W
R/W
R/W
R
R
R
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
ARSEL
2
1
0
CLSEL[1:0]
SFR Address = 0xD9; SFR Page = 0x0F
Bit
Name
7
3
R/W
0
0
Function
Auto-Reload Register Select.
This bit selects whether to read and write the normal PCA capture/compare registers
(PCA0CPn), or the Auto-Reload registers at the same SFR addresses. This function
is used to define the reload value for 9, 10, and 11-bit PWM modes. In all other
modes, the Auto-Reload registers have no function.
0: Read/Write Capture/Compare Registers at PCA0CPHn and PCA0CPLn.
1: Read/Write Auto-Reload Registers at PCA0CPHn and PCA0CPLn.
6
ECOV
Cycle Overflow Interrupt Enable.
This bit sets the masking of the Cycle Overflow Flag (COVF) interrupt.
0: COVF will not generate PCA interrupts.
1: A PCA interrupt will be generated when COVF is set.
5
COVF
Cycle Overflow Flag.
This bit indicates an overflow of the 8th, 9th, 10th, or 11th bit of the main PCA counter
(PCA0). The specific bit used for this flag depends on the setting of the Cycle Length
Select bits. The bit can be set by hardware or software, but must be cleared by software.
0: No overflow has occurred since the last time this bit was cleared.
1: An overflow has occurred since the last time this bit was cleared.
4:2
Unused
Read = 000b; Write = Don’t care.
1:0 CLSEL[1:0] Cycle Length Select.
When 16-bit PWM mode is not selected, these bits select the length of the PWM
cycle, between 8, 9, 10, or 11 bits. This affects all channels configured for PWM which
are not using 16-bit PWM mode. These bits are ignored for individual channels configured to16-bit PWM mode.
00: 8 bits.
01: 9 bits.
10: 10 bits.
11: 11 bits.
Rev. 1.1
265
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 24.4. PCA0CPMn: PCA Capture/Compare Mode
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Name
PWM16n
ECOMn
CAPPn
CAPNn
MATn
TOGn
PWMn
ECCFn
Type
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Addresses: PCA0CPM0 = 0xDA, PCA0CPM1 = 0xDB, PCA0CPM2 = 0xDC; PCA0CPM3 = 0xDD,
PCA0CPM4 = 0xDE, PCA0CPM5 = 0xDF, SFR Page (all registers) = 0x00
Bit
Name
Function
7
PWM16n 16-bit Pulse Width Modulation Enable.
This bit enables 16-bit mode when Pulse Width Modulation mode is enabled.
0: 8 to 11-bit PWM selected.
1: 16-bit PWM selected.
6
ECOMn
Comparator Function Enable.
This bit enables the comparator function for PCA module n when set to 1.
5
CAPPn
Capture Positive Function Enable.
This bit enables the positive edge capture for PCA module n when set to 1.
4
CAPNn
Capture Negative Function Enable.
This bit enables the negative edge capture for PCA module n when set to 1.
3
MATn
Match Function Enable.
This bit enables the match function for PCA module n when set to 1. When enabled,
matches of the PCA counter with a module's capture/compare register cause the CCFn
bit in PCA0MD register to be set to logic 1.
2
TOGn
Toggle Function Enable.
This bit enables the toggle function for PCA module n when set to 1. When enabled,
matches of the PCA counter with a module's capture/compare register cause the logic
level on the CEXn pin to toggle. If the PWMn bit is also set to logic 1, the module operates in Frequency Output Mode.
1
PWMn
Pulse Width Modulation Mode Enable.
This bit enables the PWM function for PCA module n when set to 1. When enabled, a
pulse width modulated signal is output on the CEXn pin. 8 to 11-bit PWM is used if
PWM16n is cleared; 16-bit mode is used if PWM16n is set to logic 1. If the TOGn bit is
also set, the module operates in Frequency Output Mode.
0
ECCFn
Capture/Compare Flag Interrupt Enable.
This bit sets the masking of the Capture/Compare Flag (CCFn) interrupt.
0: Disable CCFn interrupts.
1: Enable a Capture/Compare Flag interrupt request when CCFn is set.
Note: When the WDTE bit is set to 1, the PCA0CPM5 register cannot be modified, and module 5 acts as the
watchdog timer. To change the contents of the PCA0CPM5 register or the function of module 5, the Watchdog
Timer must be disabled.
266
Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
SFR Definition 24.5. PCA0L: PCA Counter/Timer Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PCA0[7:0]
Name
Type
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xF9; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7:0
Function
PCA0[7:0] PCA Counter/Timer Low Byte.
The PCA0L register holds the low byte (LSB) of the 16-bit PCA Counter/Timer.
Note: When the WDTE bit is set to 1, the PCA0L register cannot be modified by software. To change the contents of
the PCA0L register, the Watchdog Timer must first be disabled.
SFR Definition 24.6. PCA0H: PCA Counter/Timer High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PCA0[15:8]
Name
Type
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xFA; SFR Page = 0x00
Bit
Name
7:0
Function
PCA0[15:8] PCA Counter/Timer High Byte.
The PCA0H register holds the high byte (MSB) of the 16-bit PCA Counter/Timer.
Reads of this register will read the contents of a “snapshot” register, whose contents
are updated only when the contents of PCA0L are read (see Section 24.1).
Note: When the WDTE bit is set to 1, the PCA0H register cannot be modified by software. To change the contents of
the PCA0H register, the Watchdog Timer must first be disabled.
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SFR Definition 24.7. PCA0CPLn: PCA Capture Module Low Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PCA0CPn[7:0]
Name
Type
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Addresses: PCA0CPL0 = 0xFB, PCA0CPL1 = 0xE9, PCA0CPL2 = 0xEB, PCA0CPL3 = 0xED,
PCA0CPL4 = 0xFD, PCA0CPL5 = 0xCE; SFR Page (all registers) = 0x00
Bit
Name
Function
7:0
PCA0CPn[7:0] PCA Capture Module Low Byte.
The PCA0CPLn register holds the low byte (LSB) of the 16-bit capture module n.
This register address also allows access to the low byte of the corresponding
PCA channel’s auto-reload value for 9, 10, or 11-bit PWM mode. The ARSEL bit
in register PCA0PWM controls which register is accessed.
Note: A write to this register will clear the module’s ECOMn bit to a 0.
SFR Definition 24.8. PCA0CPHn: PCA Capture Module High Byte
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PCA0CPn[15:8]
Name
Type
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Addresses: PCA0CPH0 = 0xFC, PCA0CPH1 = 0xEA, PCA0CPH2 = 0xEC, PCA0CPH3 = 0xEE,
PCA0CPH4 = 0xFE, PCA0CPH5 = 0xCF; SFR Page (all registers) = 0x00
Bit
Name
Function
7:0 PCA0CPn[15:8] PCA Capture Module High Byte.
The PCA0CPHn register holds the high byte (MSB) of the 16-bit capture module n.
This register address also allows access to the high byte of the corresponding
PCA channel’s auto-reload value for 9, 10, or 11-bit PWM mode. The ARSEL bit in
register PCA0PWM controls which register is accessed.
Note: A write to this register will set the module’s ECOMn bit to a 1.
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Rev. 1.1
C8051F54x
25. C2 Interface
C8051F54x devices include an on-chip Silicon Labs 2-Wire (C2) debug interface to allow Flash programming and in-system debugging with the production part installed in the end application. The C2 interface
uses a clock signal (C2CK) and a bi-directional C2 data signal (C2D) to transfer information between the
device and a host system. See the C2 Interface Specification for details on the C2 protocol.
25.1. C2 Interface Registers
The following describes the C2 registers necessary to perform Flash programming through the C2 interface. All C2 registers are accessed through the C2 interface as described in the C2 Interface Specification.
C2 Register Definition 25.1. C2ADD: C2 Address
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
C2ADD[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
Bit
0
0
0
0
Name
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
7:0 C2ADD[7:0] C2 Address.
The C2ADD register is accessed via the C2 interface to select the target Data register
for C2 Data Read and Data Write commands.
Address
Description
0x00
Selects the Device ID register for Data Read instructions
0x01
Selects the Revision ID register for Data Read instructions
0x02
Selects the C2 Flash Programming Control register for Data
Read/Write instructions
0xB4
Selects the C2 Flash Programming Data register for Data
Read/Write instructions
Rev. 1.1
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C8051F54x
C2 Register Definition 25.2. DEVICEID: C2 Device ID
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
DEVICEID[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
1
0
2
1
0
1
0
0
C2 Address = 0xFD; SFR Address = 0xFD; SFR Page = 0xF
Bit
Name
Function
7:0
DEVICEID[7:0] Device ID.
This read-only register returns the 8-bit device ID: 0x22 (C8051F54x).
C2 Register Definition 25.3. REVID: C2 Revision ID
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
REVID[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
Varies
2
1
0
Varies
Varies
Varies
C2 Address = 0xFE; SFR Address = 0xFE; SFR Page = 0xF
Bit
Name
Function
7:0
REVID[7:0] Revision ID.
This read-only register returns the 8-bit revision ID. For example: 0x00 = Revision A.
270
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C8051F54x
C2 Register Definition 25.4. FPCTL: C2 Flash Programming Control
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
FPCTL[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
C2 Address: 0x02
Bit
Name
7:0
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
FPCTL[7:0] Flash Programming Control Register.
This register is used to enable Flash programming via the C2 interface. To enable C2
Flash programming, the following codes must be written in order: 0x02, 0x01. Note
that once C2 Flash programming is enabled, a system reset must be issued to
resume normal operation.
C2 Register Definition 25.5. FPDAT: C2 Flash Programming Data
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
Name
FPDAT[7:0]
Type
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
C2 Address: 0xB4
Bit
Name
7:0
2
1
0
0
0
0
Function
FPDAT[7:0] C2 Flash Programming Data Register.
This register is used to pass Flash commands, addresses, and data during C2 Flash
accesses. Valid commands are listed below.
Code
Command
0x06
Flash Block Read
0x07
Flash Block Write
0x08
Flash Page Erase
0x03
Device Erase
Rev. 1.1
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C8051F54x
25.2. C2 Pin Sharing
The C2 protocol allows the C2 pins to be shared with user functions so that in-system debugging and
Flash programming may be performed. This is possible because C2 communication is typically performed
when the device is in the halt state, where all on-chip peripherals and user software are stalled. In this
halted state, the C2 interface can safely ‘borrow’ the C2CK (RST) and C2D pins. In most applications,
external resistors are required to isolate C2 interface traffic from the user application. A typical isolation
configuration is shown in Figure 25.1.
C8051Fxxx
RST (a)
C2CK
Input (b)
C2D
Output (c)
C2 Interface Master
Figure 25.1. Typical C2 Pin Sharing
The configuration in Figure 25.1 assumes the following:
1. The user input (b) cannot change state while the target device is halted.
2. The RST pin on the target device is used as an input only.
Additional resistors may be necessary depending on the specific application.
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Rev. 1.1
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DOCUMENT CHANGE LIST
Revision 0.1 to Revision 1.0
Updated “2. Ordering Information” to include -A (Automotive) devices and automotive qualification
information.
Updated Figure 4.6.
Updated supply current related specifications throughout “6. Electrical Characteristics” .
Updated SFR Definition 7.1 (REF0CN) to change VREF high setting to 2.20 V from 2.25 V.
Updated Figure 8.1 to indicate that Comparators are powered from VIO and not VDDA.
Updated the Gain Table in “5.3.1. Calculating the Gain Value” to fix the ADC0GNH Value in the last row.
Updated Table 10.1 with correct timing for all branch instructions, MOVC, and CPL A.
Updated Table 14.1 to indicate behavior when performing a Flash operation in reserved space.
Updated “14.1. Programming the Flash Memory” to clarify behavior of 8-bit MOVX instructions and
when writing/erasing Flash.
Updated SFR Definition 14.3 (FLSCL) to include FLEWT bit definition. This bit must be set before
writing or erasing Flash. Also updated Table 6.5 to reflect new Flash Write and Erase timing.
Updated “16.7. Flash Error Reset” with an additional cause of a Flash Error reset.
Updated “18.1.3. Interfacing Port I/O in a Multi-Voltage System” to remove note regarding interfacing to
voltages above VIO.
Updated “20. SMBus” to remove all hardware ACK features, including SMB0ADM and SMB0ADR
SFRs.
Updated SFR Definition 21.1(SCON0) to correct SFR Page to 0x00 from All Pages.
Updated CP Register Definition 24.2 with proper Device ID.
Note: All items from the C8051F54x Errata dated November 5th, 2009 are incorporated into this data sheet.
Revision 1.0 to Revision 1.1
Updated “1. System Overview” with a voltage range specification for the internal oscillator.
Updated Figure 5.4, “12-Bit ADC Burst Mode Example With Repeat Count Set to 4,” on page 33 with
new timing diagram when using CNVSTR pin.
Updated Table 6.6, “Internal High-Frequency Oscillator Electrical Characteristics,” on page 53 with new
conditions for the internal oscillator accuracy. The internal oscillator accuracy is dependent on the
operating voltage range.
Updated “6. Electrical Characteristics” to remove the internal oscillator curve across temperature
diagram.
Updated SFR Definition 7.1 (REF0CN) with oscillator suspend requirement for ZTCEN.
Fixed incorrect cross references in “8. Comparators” .
Updated SFR Definition 9.1 (REG0CN) with a new definition for Bit 6. The bit 6 reset value is 1b and
must be written to 1b.
Updated Figure 11.2, “Flash Program Memory Map,” on page 86 with correct address for start of lock
byte page from 0x3900 to 0x3A00.
Updated “15.3. Suspend Mode” with note regarding ZTCEN.
Added Port 2 Event and Port 3 Event to wake-up sources in “17.2.1. Internal Oscillator Suspend Mode”
Updated “19. Local Interconnect Network (LIN)” with a voltage range specification for the internal
oscillator.
Updated LIN Register Definitions for LIN0MUL and LIN0DIV to correct the reset value.
Updated C2 Register Definitions 25.2 and 25.3 with correct C2 and SFR addresses.
Rev. 1.1
273
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