Maxim MAX11209EEE+ 18-bit, single-channel, ultra-low-power, delta-sigma adcs with programmable gain and gpio Datasheet

19-5473; Rev 0; 8/10
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18-Bit, Single-Channel, Ultra-Low-Power, DeltaSigma ADCs with Programmable Gain and GPIO
The MAX11209/MAX11211 are ultra-low-power (< 300FA
active current), high-resolution, serial-output ADCs.
These devices provide the highest resolution per unit
power in the industry, and are optimized for applications
that require very high dynamic range with low power,
such as sensors on a 4mA to 20mA industrial control
loop. Optional input buffers provide isolation of the signal inputs from the switched capacitor sampling network
allowing these converters to be used with high-impedance sources without compromising available dynamic
range or linearity. The devices provide a high-accuracy
internal oscillator that requires no external components.
When used with the specified data rates, the internal
digital filter provides more than 100dB rejection of 50Hz
or 60Hz line noise. The devices are configurable using
the SPI™ interface and include four GPIOs that can be
used for external mux control. The MAX11209 includes
digital programmable gain of 1 to 128.
The MAX11209/MAX11211 operate over the -40NC to
+85NC temperature range, and are available in a 16-pin
QSOP package.
Applications
Sensor Measurement (Temperature and
Pressure)
Portable Instrumentation
Battery Applications
Features
S 18-Bit Noise-Free Resolution
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
570nVRMS Noise at 10sps, ±3.6VFS Input
3ppm INL (typ), 15ppm (max)
No Missing Codes
Ultra-Low Power Dissipation
Operating-Mode Current Drain < 300µA (max)
Sleep-Mode Current Drain < 0.4µA
Programmable Gain (1 to 128) (MAX11209)
Four SPI-Controlled GPIOs for External Mux
Control
2.7V to 3.6V Analog Supply Voltage Range
1.7V to 3.6V Digital and I/O Supply Voltage Range
Fully Differential Signal and Reference Inputs
High-Impedance Inputs
Optional Input Buffers on Both Signal and
Reference Inputs
> 100dB (min) 50Hz/60Hz Rejection
SPI-, QSPI™-, MICROWIRE™-Compatible Serial
Interface
On-Demand Offset and Gain Self-Calibration and
System Calibration
User-Programmable Offset and Gain Registers
-40°C to +85°C Operating Temperature Range
±2kV ESD Protection
Lead(Pb)-Free and RoHS-Compliant QSOP
Package
Weigh Scales
Ordering Information
PART
TEMP RANGE
PIN-PACKAGE
MAX11209EEE+
-40°C to +85°C
16 QSOP
MAX11211EEE+
-40°C to +85°C
16 QSOP
+Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package.
Selector Guide
RESOLUTION
(BITS)
4-WIRE SPI, 16-PIN QSOP,
PROGRAMMABLE GAIN
4-WIRE SPI,
16-PIN QSOP
2-WIRE SERIAL,
10-PIN μMAX
24
MAX11210
MAX11200
MAX11201 (with buffers)
MAX11202 (without buffers)
20
MAX11206
MAX11207
MAX11208
18
MAX11209
MAX11211
MAX11212
16
MAX11213
MAX11203
MAX11205
SPI and QSPI are trademarks of Motorola, Inc.
MICROWIRE is a trademark of National Semiconductor Corp.
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642,
or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.
MAX11209/MAX11211
General Description
MAX11209/MAX11211
18-Bit, Single-Channel, Ultra-Low-Power, DeltaSigma ADCs with Programmable Gain and GPIO
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Any Pin to GND.....................................................-0.3V to +3.9V
AVDD to GND........................................................-0.3V to +3.9V
DVDD to GND.......................................................-0.3V to +3.9V
Analog Inputs (AINP, AINN, REFP, REFN)
to GND ............................................. -0.3V to (VAVDD + 0.3V)
Digital Inputs and Digital Outputs
to GND ............................................. -0.3V to (VDVDD + 0.3V)
ESDHB (AVDD, AINP, AINN, REFP, REFN, DVDD, CLK, CS,
SCLK, DIN, RDY/DOUT, GND, GPIO_) . .......... Q2kV (Note 1)
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70NC)
16-Pin QSOP (derate 8.3mW/NC above +70NC)...........667mW
Operating Temperature Range........................... -40NC to +85NC
Junction Temperature......................................................+150NC
Storage Temperature Range............................. -55NC to +150NC
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s).................................+300NC
Soldering Temperature (reflow).......................................+260NC
Note 1: Human Body Model to specification MIL-STD-883 Method 3015.7.
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VAVDD = +3.6V, VDVDD = +1.7V, VREFP - VREFN = VAVDD; internal clock, single-cycle mode (SCYCLE = 1), TA = TMIN to TMAX,
unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25NC under normal conditions, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
STATIC PERFORMANCE
Noise-Free Resolution (Notes 2, 3)
NFR
Noise (Notes 2, 3)
VN
Integral Nonlinearity
INL
Zero Error
120sps
18
10sps
18
120sps
2.1
10sps
0.55
Bits
FVRMS
At 10sps (Note 4)
-15
+15
ppmFSR
After self and system calibration,
VREFP - VREFN = 2.5V
-15
+15
ppmFSR
Zero Drift
50
After self and system calibration,
VREFP - VREFN = 2.5V (Note 5)
Full-Scale Error
-20
Full-Scale Error Drift
nV/NC
+20
ppmFSR/
NC
0.05
Power-Supply Rejection
AVDD DC rejection
70
80
DVDD DC rejection
90
100
DC rejection
90
123
50Hz/60Hz rejection at 120sps
90
50Hz/60Hz rejection at 1sps to 15sps
144
ppmFSR
dB
ANALOG INPUTS/REFERENCE INPUTS
Common-Mode Rejection
CMR
dB
Normal-Mode 50Hz Rejection
NMR50
LINEF = 1, for 1sps to 15sps (Notes 6, 7)
100
144
Normal-Mode 60Hz Rejection
NMR60
LINEF = 0, for 1sps to 15sps (Notes 6, 7)
100
144
Common-Mode Voltage Range
AIN buffers disabled
VGND
2 _______________________________________________________________________________________
dB
dB
VAVDD
V
18-Bit, Single-Channel, Ultra-Low-Power, DeltaSigma ADCs with Programmable Gain and GPIO
(VAVDD = +3.6V, VDVDD = +1.7V, VREFP - VREFN = VAVDD; internal clock, single-cycle mode (SCYCLE = 1), TA = TMIN to TMAX,
unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25NC under normal conditions, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
Buffers disabled
VGND 30mV
Buffers enabled
VGND +
100mV
Buffers disabled
VAVDD +
30mV
Buffers enabled
VAVDD 100mV
Low input voltage
Absolute Input Voltage
High input voltage
DC Input Leakage
Sleep mode
Buffer disabled
AIN Dynamic Input Current
REF Dynamic Input Current
TYP
MAX
UNITS
V
Q1
FA
Q1.4
FA/V
Buffer enabled
Q20
nA
Buffer disabled
Q2.1
FA/V
Buffer enabled
Q30
nA
AIN Input Capacitance
Buffer disabled
5
pF
REF Input Capacitance
Buffer disabled
7.5
Unipolar
AIN Voltage Range
Input Sampling Rate
Bipolar
fS
REF Voltage Range
REF Sampling Rate
pF
0
VREF
-VREF
+VREF
LINEF = 0
246
LINEF = 1
204.8
kHz
Buffers disabled
0
VAVDD
Buffers enabled
0.1
VAVDD
- 0.1
LINEF = 0
246
LINEF = 1
204.8
V
V
kHz
LOGIC INPUTS (SCLK, CLK, DIN, GPIO1–GPIO4)
Input Current
Input leakage current
Input Low Voltage
VIL
Input High Voltage
VIH
Input Hysteresis
Q1
0.7 x
VDVDD
VHYS
External Clock
VOH
200
60Hz line frequency
2.4576
55Hz line frequency
2.25275
50Hz line frequency
2.048
IOH = 1mA; also tested for VDVDD = 3.6V
V
V
LOGIC OUTPUTS (RDY/DOUT, GPIO1–GPIO4)
Output Low Level
VOL
IOL = 1mA; also tested for VDVDD = 3.6V
Output High Level
FA
0.3 x
VDVDD
mV
MHz
0.4
0.9 x
VDVDD
V
V
Leakage Current
High-impedance state
Q500
nA
Output Capacitance
High-impedance state
9
pF
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3
MAX11209/MAX11211
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
MAX11209/MAX11211
18-Bit, Single-Channel, Ultra-Low-Power, DeltaSigma ADCs with Programmable Gain and GPIO
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(VAVDD = +3.6V, VDVDD = +1.7V, VREFP - VREFN = VAVDD; internal clock, single-cycle mode (SCYCLE = 1), TA = TMIN to TMAX,
unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25NC under normal conditions, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
3.6
V
3.6
V
POWER REQUIREMENTS
Analog Supply
VAVDD
Digital Supply
VDVDD
Total Operating Current
2.7
1.7
AVDD + DVDD
Buffers disabled
235
Buffers enabled
255
AVDD Sleep Current
AVDD Operating Current
300
0.15
2
Buffers disabled
185
235
Buffers enabled
205
DVDD Sleep Current
DVDD Operating Current
FA
FA
FA
0.25
2
FA
50
65
FA
5
MHz
SPI TIMING CHARACTERISTICS
SCLK Frequency
fSCLK
SCLK Clock Period
tCP
200
ns
SCLK Pulse-Width High
tCH
80
ns
SCLK Pulse-Width Low
tCL
80
ns
60% duty cycle at 5MHz
CS Low to 1st SCLK Rise Setup
tCSS0
40
ns
CS High to 17th SCLK Setup
tCSS1
40
ns
CS High After 16th SCLK
Falling Edge Hold
tCSH1
3
ns
CS Pulse-Width High
DIN to SCLK Setup
tCSW
40
ns
tDS
40
ns
DIN Hold After SCLK
tDH
0
ns
RDY/DOUT Transition Valid After
SCLK Fall
tDOT
Output transition time, data changes on falling edge of SCLK
RDY/DOUT Remains Valid After
SCLK Fall
tDOH
Output hold time allows for negative edge
data read
3
ns
RDY/DOUT Valid Before SCLK Rise
tDOL
tDOL = tCL - tDOT
40
ns
CS Rise to RDY/DOUT Disable
tDOD
CLOAD = 20pF
CS Fall to RDY/DOUT Valid
tDOE
Default value of RDY is 1 for minimum specification; maximum specification for valid 0
on RDY/DOUT
Maximum time after RDY asserts to read
DATA register; tCNV is the time for one
conversion
DATA Fetch
tDF
40
ns
25
ns
0
40
ns
0
tCNV 60 x tCP
These specifications are not fully tested and are guaranteed by design and/or characterization.
VAINP = VAINN.
ppmFSR is parts per million of full scale.
Positive full-scale error includes zero-scale errors (unipolar offset error or bipolar zero error) and applies to both unipolar
and bipolar input ranges.
Note 6: For data rates (1, 2.5, 5, 10, 15)sps and (0.83, 2.08, 4.17, 8.33, 12.5)sps.
Note 7: Normal-mode rejection of power line frequencies of 60Hz/50Hz apply only for single-cycle data rates at 15sps/10sps and
lower or continuous data rate of 60sps/50sps.
Note
Note
Note
Note
2:
3:
4:
5:
4 _______________________________________________________________________________________
18-Bit, Single-Channel, Ultra-Low-Power, DeltaSigma ADCs with Programmable Gain and GPIO
200
TA = +25°C
180
160
TA = +85°C
220
CURRENT (µA)
CURRENT (µA)
TA = +85°C
240
TA = +25°C
200
180
280
260
TA = +85°C
CURRENT (µA)
240
ANALOG ACTIVE CURRENT vs. AVDD VOLTAGE
(SIGNAL AND REFERENCE BUFFERS ENABLED)
MAX11203/13 toc02
LINEF = 0, LINEF = 1
220
260
MAX11203/13 toc01
260
ANALOG ACTIVE CURRENT vs. AVDD VOLTAGE
(SIGNAL OR REFERENCE BUFFERS ENABLED)
TA = -45°C
140
240
TA = +25°C
220
200
160
TA = -45°C
SIGNAL BUFFERS
140
MAX11203/13 toc03
ANALOG ACTIVE CURRENT vs. AVDD VOLTAGE
(NO BUFFERS ENABLED)
TA = -45°C
180
LINEF = 1
120
120
3.30
3.45
3.60
160
2.85
2.70
AVDD VOLTAGE (V)
3.30
3.45
3.60
2.85
2.70
300
MAX11203/13 toc04
TA = -45°C, +25°C, +85°C
CURRENT (µA)
250
0.6
0.4
3.30
3.45
3.60
300
TOTAL
200
250
VAVDD = 3.0V
150
TOTAL
200
VAVDD = 3.0V
150
100
VDVDD = 1.8V
0.2
3.15
ACTIVE SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE (LINEF = 1)
100
TA = -45°C
3.00
AVDD VOLTAGE (V)
ACTIVE SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE (LINEF = 0)
0.8
CURRENT (µA)
3.15
AVDD VOLTAGE (V)
ANALOG SLEEP CURRENT
vs. AVDD VOLTAGE
1.0
3.00
MAX11203/13 toc06
3.15
CURRENT (µA)
3.00
MAX11203/13 toc05
2.85
2.70
VDVDD = 1.8V
50
50
TA = +85°C
0
-45
-25
-5
15
35
55
75
-25
-5
15
35
55
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
SLEEP CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
DIGITAL ACTIVE CURRENT
vs. DVDD VOLTAGE
DIGITAL SLEEP CURRENT
vs. DVDD VOLTAGE
TOTAL
100
90
LINEF = 0
80
TA = -45°C
70
DVDD
60
0.2
50
AVDD
0
LINEF = 1
40
-25
-5
15
35
55
TEMPERATURE (°C)
75
95
MAX11203/13 toc09
TA = +85°C
95
2.5
CURRENT (µA)
110
CURRENT (µA)
0.6
0.4
120
LINEF = 0, LINEF = 1
TA = -45°C, +25°C, +85°C
75
3.0
MAX11203/13 toc08
130
MAX11203/13 toc07
0.8
-45
-45
95
AVDD VOLTAGE (V)
1.0
CURRENT (µA)
0
0
2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6
2.0
1.5
1.0
TA = -45°C
TA = +25°C
TA = +85°C
0.5
0
1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6
DVDD VOLTAGE (V)
1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5
DVDD VOLTAGE (V)
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5
MAX11209/MAX11211
Typical Operating Characteristics
(VAVDD = 3.6V, VDVDD = 1.8V, VREFP - VREFN = 2.5V; internal clock; TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are
at TA = +25NC.)
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VAVDD = 3.6V, VDVDD = 1.8V, VREFP - VREFN = 2.5V; internal clock; TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are
at TA = +25NC.)
LINEF = 1
-45
-25
-5
15
35
55
75
-8
-10
2.85
3.00
3.15
3.30
3.45
0
-2
0
-20
TA = +25°C
-60
-80
AVDD
-100
-6
DVDD
-120
-8
-10
-140
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
1
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
-60
-80
AVDD
-20
-40
-60
-80
120sps
-100
-100
10sps
-120
DVDD
-120
10,000 100,000
CMRR vs. FREQUENCY
CMRR (dB)
-40
1000
MAX11203/13 toc16
-20
100
0
MAX11203/13 toc15
0
10
FREQUENCY (Hz)
PSRR vs. FREQUENCY
(DATA RATE 10sps)
-140
-140
1
10
100
1000
FREQUENCY (Hz)
10,000 100,000
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
PSRR vs. FREQUENCY
(DATA RATE 120sps)
PSRR (dB)
INL (ppmFSR)
-2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0
3.60
-40
-2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0
MAX11203/13 toc12
-6
TA = +85°C
-4
PSRR (dB)
TA = +25°C
MAX11203/13 toc14
TA = -45°C
2
0
-2
-4
MAX11203/13 toc13
6
TA = -45°C
2
AVDD VOLTAGE (V)
VIN(CM) = 1.8V
4
TA = +85°C
4
TUE vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
8
VIN(CM) = 1.8V
6
LINEF = 1
TEMPERATURE (°C)
10
8
LINEF = 0
2.70
95
10
INL (ppmFSR)
LINEF = 0
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
INTEGRAL NONLINEARITY
vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
MAX11203/13 toc11
VAVDD = 3.0V
FREQUENCY (MHz)
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
INTERNAL OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY
vs. AVDD VOLTAGE
MAX11203/13 toc10
INTERNAL OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY
vs. TEMPERATURE
FREQUENCY (MHz)
MAX11209/MAX11211
18-Bit, Single-Channel, Ultra-Low-Power, DeltaSigma ADCs with Programmable Gain and GPIO
1
10
100
1000
10,000 100,000
FREQUENCY (Hz)
6 _______________________________________________________________________________________
18-Bit, Single-Channel, Ultra-Low-Power, DeltaSigma ADCs with Programmable Gain and GPIO
CLOCK GENERATOR
TIMING
AVDD
CLK
DVDD
GND
CS
AINP
DIGITAL FILTER
(SINC4)
AINN
PROGRAMMABLE
GAIN*
1–128
DIGITAL LOGIC
AND SERIALINTERFACE
CONTROLLER
3RD-ORDER
DELTA-SIGMA
MODULATOR
SCLK
DIN
RDY/DOUT
REFP
GPIO1
REFN
MAX11209*
MAX11211
GPIO2
GPIO
GPIO3
GPIO4
*PROGRAMMABLE GAIN ONLY AVAILABLE ON THE MAX11209.
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 7
MAX11209/MAX11211
Functional Diagram
18-Bit, Single-Channel, Ultra-Low-Power, DeltaSigma ADCs with Programmable Gain and GPIO
MAX11209/MAX11211
Pin Configuration
TOP VIEW
GPIO1 1
+
16 GPIO4
15 CLK
GPIO2 2
GPIO3 3
GND 4
MAX11209
MAX11211
14 SCLK
13 RDY/DOUT
REFP 5
12 DIN
REFN 6
11 CS
AINN 7
10 DVDD
AINP 8
9
AVDD
QSOP
Pin Description
PIN
NAME
1
GPIO1
General-Purpose I/O 1. Register controllable using SPI.
FUNCTION
2
GPIO2
General-Purpose I/O 2. Register controllable using SPI.
3
GPIO3
General-Purpose I/O 3. Register controllable using SPI.
4
GND
Ground. Ground reference for analog and digital circuitry.
5
REFP
Differential Reference Positive Input. REFP must be more positive than REFN. Connect REFP to a voltage
between AVDD and GND.
6
REFN
Differential Reference Negative Input. REFN must be more negative than REFP. Connect REFN to a voltage between AVDD and GND.
7
AINN
Negative Fully Differential Analog Input
8
AINP
Positive Fully Differential Analog Input
9
AVDD
Analog Supply Voltage. Connect a supply voltage between +2.7V and +3.6V with respect to GND.
10
DVDD
Digital Supply Voltage. Connect a digital supply voltage between +1.7V and +3.6V with respect to GND.
11
CS
Active-Low, Chip-Select Logic Input
12
DIN
Serial-Data Input. Data present at DIN is shifted to the device’s internal registers at the rising edge of the
serial clock at SCLK, when the device is accessed for an internal register write or for a command operation.
13
Data Ready Output/Serial-Data Output. This output serves a dual function. In addition to the serial-data
RDY/DOUT output function, the RDY/DOUT also indicates that the data is ready when the RDY is logic-low. RDY/
DOUT changes on the falling edge of SCLK.
14
SCLK
15
CLK
16
GPIO4
Serial-Clock Input. Apply an external serial clock to SCLK.
External Clock Signal Input. When external clock mode is selected (EXTCLK = 1), provide a 2.4576MHz
or 2.048MHz clock signal at CLK. Other frequencies can be used, but the data rate and digital filter
notch frequencies scale accordingly.
General-Purpose I/O 4. Register controllable using SPI.
8 _______________________________________________________________________________________
18-Bit, Single-Channel, Ultra-Low-Power, DeltaSigma ADCs with Programmable Gain and GPIO
The MAX11209/MAX11211 are ultra-low-power (< 300FA
active), high-resolution, low-speed, serial-output ADCs.
These ADCs provide the highest resolution per unit power
in the industry, and are optimized for applications that
require very high dynamic range with low power such
as sensors on a 4mA to 20mA industrial control loop.
Optional input buffers provide isolation of the signal inputs
from the switched capacitor sampling network, allowing the devices to be used with very high impedance
sources without compromising available dynamic range.
The devices provide a high-accuracy internal oscillator,
which requires no external components. When used with
the specified data rates, the internal digital filter provides
more than 144dB rejection of 50Hz or 60Hz line noise. The
devices are highly configurable using the SPI interface
and include four GPIOs for external mux control.
Analog Inputs
The devices accept two analog inputs (AINP, AINN) in
buffered or unbuffered mode. The input buffer isolates
the inputs from the capacitive load presented by the
modulator, allowing for high source-impedance analog
transducers. The value of the SIGBUF bit in the CTRL1
register determines whether the input buffer is enabled
or disabled. See Table 12.
Input Voltage Range
The modulator input range is programmable for bipolar
(-VREF to +VREF) or unipolar (0 to VREF) ranges. The
U/B bit in the CTRL1 register configures the MAX11209/
MAX11211 for unipolar or bipolar transfer functions. See
Table 12.
System Clock
The devices incorporate a highly stable internal oscillator
that provides the system clock. The system clock runs
the internal state machine and is trimmed to 2.4576MHz
or 2.048MHz. The internal oscillator clock is divided
down to run the digital and analog timing. The LINEF bit
in the CTRL1 register determines the internal oscillator
frequency. See Tables 10 and 12. Set LINEF = 0 to select
the 2.4576MHz oscillator and LINEF = 1 to select the
Table 1. Continuous Conversion with SCYCLE Bit = 0
DATA RATE* (sps)
RATE[2:0]
LINEF = 0
LINEF = 1
BIPOLAR NFR
(BITS)
BIPOLAR
ENOB
(BITS)
UNIPOLAR
NFR (BITS)
UNIPOLAR
ENOB
(BITS)
OUTPUT
NOISE
(µVRMS)
100
60
50
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
0.74
101
120
100
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
1.03
110
240
200
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
1.45
111
480
400
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
2.21
*LINEF = 0 sets the clock frequency to 2.4576MHz and the input sampling frequency to 245.76kHz. LINEF bit = 1 sets the clock
frequency to 2.048MHz and the input sampling frequency to 204.8kHz.
Table 2. Single-Cycle Conversion with SCYCLE Bit = 1
RATE[2:0]
SINGLE-CYCLE DATA RATE*
(sps)
BIPOLAR
NFR (BITS)
BIPOLAR
ENOB
(BITS)
UNIPOLAR
NFR (BITS)
UNIPOLAR
ENOB (BITS)
OUTPUT
NOISE
(µVRMS)
LINEF = 0
LINEF = 1
000
1
0.833
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
0.21
001
2.5
2.08
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
0.27
010
5
4.17
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
0.39
011
10
8.33
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
0.55
100
15
12.5
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
0.74
101
30
25
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
1.03
110
60
50
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
1.45
111
120
100
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
2.21
*LINEF = 0 sets the clock frequency to 2.4576MHz and the input sampling frequency to 245.76kHz. LINEF bit = 1 sets the clock
frequency to 2.048MHz and the input sampling frequency to 204.8kHz.
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 9
MAX11209/MAX11211
Detailed Description
MAX11209/MAX11211
18-Bit, Single-Channel, Ultra-Low-Power, DeltaSigma ADCs with Programmable Gain and GPIO
2.048MHz oscillator. The 2.4576MHz oscillator provides
maximum 60Hz rejection, and the 2.048MHz oscillator
provides maximum 50Hz rejection. See Figures 1 and
2. For optimal simultaneous 50Hz and 60Hz rejection,
apply a 2.25275MHz external clock at CLK.
Reference
The devices provide differential inputs REFP and REFN
for an external reference voltage. Connect the external
reference directly across the REFP and REFN to obtain
the differential reference voltage. The common-mode
voltage range for VREFP and VREFN is between 0 and
VAVDD.
The devices accept reference inputs in buffered or
unbuffered mode. The value of the REFBUF bit in the
CTRL1 register determines whether the reference buffer
is enabled or disabled. See Table 12.
Buffers
The devices include reference and signal input buffers
capable of reducing the average input current from
2.1FA/V on the reference inputs and from 1.4FA/V on
the analog inputs to a constant 30nA current on the
reference inputs and 20nA current on the analog inputs.
The reference and signal input buffers can be selected
individually by programming the CTRL1 register bits
REFBUF and SIGBUF. When enabled, the reference and
input signal buffers require an additional 20FA from the
AVDD supply pin.
Power-On Reset (POR)
The devices utilize power-on reset (POR) supply-monitoring circuitry on both the digital supply (DVDD) and
the analog supply (AVDD). The POR circuitry ensures
proper device default conditions after either a digital or
analog power sequencing event. The digital POR trigger threshold is approximately 1.2V and has 100mV of
hysteresis. The analog POR trigger threshold is approximately 1.25V and has 100mV of hysteresis. Both POR
circuits have lowpass filters that prevent high-frequency
supply glitches from triggering the POR.
Calibration
The devices provide two sets of calibration registers
which offer the user several options for calibrating
their system. The calibration register value defaults
are all zero, which require a user to either perform
a calibration or program the register through the SPI
interface to use them. The on-chip calibration registers are enabled or disabled by programming the
NOSYSG, NOSYSO, NOSCG, and NOSCO bits in the
CTRL3 register. The default values for these calibration control bits are 1, which disables the use of the
internal calibration registers.
The devices power up with the internal calibration registers disabled, and therefore a full-scale input produces
a result of 60% of the full-scale digital range. To use the
full-scale digital range a calibration must be performed.
The first level of calibration is the self-calibration where
the part performs the required connections to zero and
full-scale internally. This level of calibration is typically
sufficient for 1FV of offset accuracy and 2ppm of fullscale accuracy. The self-calibration routine does not
include the source resistance effects from the signal
source driving the input pins, which can change the offset and gain of the system.
A second level of calibration is available where the user
can calibrate a system zero scale and system full scale
by presenting a zero-scale signal or a full-scale signal
to the input pins and initiating a system zero scale or
system gain calibration command.
A third level of calibration allows for the user to write to
the internal calibration registers through the SPI interface
to achieve any digital offset or scaling the user requires
with the following restrictions. The range of digital offset
correction is QVREF/4. The range of digital gain correction is from 0.5 to 1.5. The resolution of offset correction
is 0.5 LSB.
The calibration operations are controlled with the CAL1
and CAL0 bits in the command byte. The user requests
a self-calibration by setting the CAL1 bit to 0 and CAL0
bit to 1. A self-calibration requires 200ms to complete,
and both the SCOC and SCGC registers contain the
values that correct the chip output for zero scale and full
scale. The user requests a system zero-scale calibration
by setting the CAL1 bit to 1 and the CAL0 bit to 0 and
presents a system zero-level signal to the input pins. The
SOC register contains the values that correct the chip
zero scale. The system zero calibration requires 100ms
to complete, and the SOC register contains values that
correct the chip zero scale. The user requests a system
full-scale calibration by setting the CAL1 bit to 1 and the
CAL0 bit to 1 and presents a system full-scale signal
level to the input pins. The system full-scale calibration
requires 100ms to complete, and the SGC register contains values that correct for the chip full-scale value. See
Tables 3a and 3b for an example of a self-calibration
sequence and a system calibration sequence.
10 �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
18-Bit, Single-Channel, Ultra-Low-Power, DeltaSigma ADCs with Programmable Gain and GPIO
SCOC
SCGC
SOC
SGC
NOSCG
NOSCO
DESCRIPTION
NOSYSO
STEP
BIT
NOSYSG
REGISTER
0x000000
0x000000
0x000000
0x000000
1
1
1
1
1
Initial power-up
2
Enable self-calibration registers
0x000000
0x000000
0x000000
0x000000
1
1
0
0
3
Self-calibration, DIN = 10010000
0x00007E
0xBFD345
0x000000
0x000000
1
1
0
0
Table 3b. Example of System Calibration
NOSYSO
NOSCG
NOSCO
BIT
NOSYSG
REGISTER
1
Initial power-up
0x000000
0x000000
0x000000
0x000000
1
1
1
1
2
Enable self-calibration registers
0x000000
0x000000
0x000000
0x000000
1
1
0
0
3
Self-calibration, DIN = 10010000
0x00007E
0xBFD345
0x000000
0x000000
1
1
0
0
4
Enable system offset register
0x00007E
0xBFD345
0x000000
0x000000
1
0
0
0
5
System-calibration offset, DIN = 1010000
0x00007E
0xBFD345 0xFFEE1D
0x000000
1
0
0
0
6
Enable system gain register
0x00007E
0xBFD345 0xFFEE1D
0x000000
0
0
0
0
7
System-calibration gain, DIN = 1011000
0x00007E
0xBFD345 0xFFEE1D 0x81CB5B
0
0
0
0
STEP
DESCRIPTION
SCOC
SCGC
SOC
SGC
Noise vs. Data Rate
The devices offer software-selectable internal oscillator
frequencies as well as software-selectable output data
rates. The LINEF bit in the CTRL1 register (Table 12)
determines the internal oscillator frequency. The RATE
bits in the command byte (Table 8) determine the ADC’s
output data rate. The devices also offer the option of
running in zero latency single-cycle conversion mode
(Table 2) or continuous conversion mode (Table 1). Set
SCYCLE = 0 in the CTRL1 register (Table 12) to run in
continuous conversion mode and SCYCLE = 1 for singlecycle conversion mode.
Single-cycle conversion mode gives an output result with
no data latency. The devices output data up to 100sps
(2.048MHz internal oscillator) or 120sps (2.4576MHz
internal oscillator) with no data latency. In continuous
conversion mode, the output data rate is four times the
single-cycle conversion mode, for sample rates up to
400sps or 480sps. In continuous conversion mode, the
output data requires three additional 24-bit cycles to
settle from an input step.
Digital Filter
The devices include a SINC4 digital filter that produces
spectral nulls at the multiples of the data rate. For all
data rates less than 30sps, a spectral null occurs at the
line frequency of 60Hz and is guaranteed to attenuate
60Hz normal-mode components by more than 100dB.
Simultaneous 50Hz and 60Hz attenuation can be accomplished by using an external clock with a frequency of
2.25275MHz. This guarantees a minimum of 80dB rejection at 50Hz and 85dB rejection at 60Hz. The SINC4 filter
has a -3dB frequency equal to 24% of the data rate. See
Figures 1 and 2.
GPIOs
The devices provide four GPIO ports. When set as outputs, these digital I/Os can be used to drive the digital
inputs to a multiplexer or multichannel switch. Figure 3
details an example where four single-ended signals are
multiplexed in a break-before-make switching sequence,
using the MAX313, a quad SPST analog switch.
The devices’ GPIO ports are configurable through the
CTRL2 register. See Table 13. To select AIN1, write the
command to CTRL2 according to Table 4a. This selects
all GPIOs as outputs, as well as setting all logic signals
to 0 except the selected channel AIN1.
To select channel AIN3 next, it is a good idea to set all
switches to a high-impedance state first (see Table 4b).
Then select channel AIN3 by driving IN3 high (see
Table 4c).
______________________________________________________________________________________ 11
MAX11209/MAX11211
Table 3a. Example of Self-Calibration
NORMAL MODE REJECTION
DATA RATE 120.0sps
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
-110
-120
-130
-140
-150
GAIN (dB)
GAIN (dB)
NORMAL MODE REJECTION
DATA RATE 10.0sps
0
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
-110
-120
-130
-140
-150
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
FREQUENCY (Hz)
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 1. Normal-Mode Frequency Response (2.4576MHz Oscillator, LINEF = 0)
NORMAL MODE REJECTION
DATA RATE 100.000sps
NORMAL MODE REJECTION
DATA RATE 8.333sps
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
-110
-120
-130
-140
-150
GAIN (dB)
GAIN (dB)
MAX11209/MAX11211
18-Bit, Single-Channel, Ultra-Low-Power, DeltaSigma ADCs with Programmable Gain and GPIO
0
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
-110
-120
-130
-140
-150
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
FREQUENCY (Hz)
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 2. Normal-Mode Frequency Response (2.048MHz Oscillator, LINEF = 1)
Table 4a. Data Command to Select Channel AIN1 in Figure 3
BIT
BIT NAME
VALUE
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
DIR4
DIR3
DIR2
DIR1
DIO4
DIO3
DIO2
DIO1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
Table 4b. Set All Channels High Impedance in Figure 3
BIT
BIT NAME
VALUE
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
DIR4
DIR3
DIR2
DIR1
DIO4
DIO3
DIO2
DIO1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
12 �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
18-Bit, Single-Channel, Ultra-Low-Power, DeltaSigma ADCs with Programmable Gain and GPIO
MAX313
LOGIC
SWITCH
0
OFF
1
ON
AIN1
AIN2
Digital Programmable Gain (MAX11209)
IN1
GPIO1
IN2
GPIO2
IN3
GPIO3
IN4
GPIO4
The MAX11209 offers programmable gain settings that
can be digitally set to 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or 128. The
DGAIN_ bits in the CTRL3 register (see Table 14) configure the digital gain setting and control the input referred
gain. The MAX11209’s input range is 0V to VREF/
gain (unipolar) or ±VREF/gain (bipolar). The MAX11209
always outputs 18 bits of data. But as this is a digital
programmable gain, the noise floor remains constant,
depending on the output rate setting. At an output rate of
10sps, as shown in Figure 4, the noise floor is such that
all gain settings from 1 to 32 provide 18 bits of noise-free
resolution. A gain setting of 128 at 10sps means the LSB
is below the noise floor. The MAX11209 digital gain is
beneficial for low-voltage applications that only require a
small portion of the 0V to VREF or ±VREF ranges.
AIN3
AIN4
MAX313
MAX11209
COM1
AINP
COM2
COM3
AINN
COM4
Figure 3. MAX11209 GPIOs Drive an External 4-Channel
Switch (MAX313)
Table 4c. Data Command to Select Channel AIN3 in Figure 3
BIT
BIT NAME
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
DIR4
DIR3
DIR2
DIR1
DIO4
DIO3
DIO2
DIO1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
VALUE
NOISE FLOOR
REMAINS CONSTANT
AT 0.55µVRMS
VREF = 3V
18-BIT OUTPUT DATA CYCLE
LSB
SUB-LSBs
MSB
BITS USED FOR GAIN = 1
BITS USED FOR GAIN = 2
BITS USED FOR GAIN = 16
BITS USED FOR GAIN = 128
Figure 4. MAX11209 Digital Programmable Gain Example (10sps Output Rate)
______________________________________________________________________________________ 13
MAX11209/MAX11211
It is not always necessary to transition to a high-impedance state between channel selections, but depends on
the source analog signals as well as the control structure
of the multiplexed switches.
MAX11209/MAX11211
18-Bit, Single-Channel, Ultra-Low-Power, DeltaSigma ADCs with Programmable Gain and GPIO
Serial-Digital Interface
is in progress if the RDY/DOUT output reads logic-high
and the conversion is complete if the RDY/DOUT output
reads logic-low. Data at RDY/DOUT changes on the
falling edge of SCLK and is valid on the rising edge of
SCLK. DIN and DOUT are transferred MSB first. Drive
CS high to force DOUT high impedance and cause
the devices to ignore any signals on SCLK and DIN.
Connect CS low for 3-wire operation. Figures 5, 6, and 7
show the SPI timing diagrams.
The MAX11209/MAX11211 interface is fully compatible
with SPI-, QSPI-, and MICROWIRE-standard serial interfaces. The SPI interface provides access to nine on-chip
registers that are 8 or 24 bits wide.
Drive CS low to transfer data in and out of the devices.
Clock in data at DIN on the rising edge of SCLK. The
RDY/DOUT output serves two functions: conversion status and data read. To find the conversion status, assert
CS low and read the RDY/DOUT output; the conversion
tCSH0
tDS
tCL
tDH
CS
tCSH1
tCP
tCSS0
tCSW
tCH
tCSS1
SCLK
0
1
DIN
X
1
8
0
CAL1
CAL0
IMPD
RATE2
RATE1
RATE0
tDOE
RDY/DOUT
tDOD
HIGH-Z
HIGH-Z
Figure 5. SPI Command Byte
SPI REGISTER ACCESS WRITE
tCSH0
tCSS0
tDS
tCL
tDH
CS
tCSW
tCP
tCSH1
tCH
tCSS1
SCLK
0
DIN
X
HIGH-Z
1
1
1
X
RS3
RS2
RS1
RS0
8
9
W/R
D7
16
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
tDOE
RDY/DOUT
Figure 6. SPI Register Access Write
14 �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
tDOD
HIGH-Z
18-Bit, Single-Channel, Ultra-Low-Power, DeltaSigma ADCs with Programmable Gain and GPIO
tCP
tCL
tDH
CS
tDOT
tDO1
tCH
tDOD
tDOH
tCSS1
SCLK
DIN
1
X
HIGH-Z
1
1
X
RS3
RS2
RS1
RS0
8
9
16
W/R
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
tDOE
RDY/DOUT
HIGH-Z
Figure 7. SPI Register Access Read
or two’s complement), and single-cycle or continuous
conversion mode. See Table 12.
Command Byte
Communication between the user and the device is conducted through SPI using a command byte. The command byte consists of two modes differentiated as command modes and data modes. Command modes and
data modes are further differentiated by decoding the
remaining bits in the command byte. The mode selected
is determined by the MODE bit. If the MODE bit is 0, then
the user is requesting either a conversion, calibration, or
power-down; see Table 5. If the MODE bit is 1, then the
user is selecting a data command and can either read
from or write to a register; see Table 6.
The Control 2 register (CTRL2) is a read/write register,
and the bits configure the GPIOs as inputs or outputs
and their values. See Table 13.
The Control 3 register (CTRL3) is a read/write register,
and the bits determine the MAX11209 programmable
gain setting and the calibration register settings for both
the MAX11209 and MAX11211. See Table 14.
The Data register (DATA) is a read-only register. Data is
output from RDY/DOUT on the next 24 SCLK cycles once
CS is forced low. The data bits transition on the falling
edge of SCLK. Data is output MSB first, and is offset
binary or two’s complement, depending on the setting
of the FORMAT bit in the CTRL1 register. See Table 15.
The Status register (STAT1) is a read-only register and
provides general chip operational status to the user. If
the user attempts to calibrate the system and overranges
the internal signal scaling, then a gain overrange condition is flagged with the SYSOR bit. The last data rate
programmed for the ADC is available in the RATE bits.
If the input signal has exceeded positive or negative full
scale, this condition is flagged with the OR and UR bits.
If the modulator is busy converting, then the MSTAT bit
is set. If a conversion result is ready for readout, the RDY
bit is set; see Table 11.
The System Offset Calibration register (SOC) is a read/
write register, and the bits contain the digital value that
corrects the data for system zero scale. See Table 17.
The System Gain Calibration register (SGC) is a read/
write register, and the bits contain the digital value that
corrects the data for system full scale. See Table 18.
The Self-Cal Offset Calibration register (SCOC) is a read/
write register, and the bits contain the value that corrects
the data for chip zero scale. See Table 19.
The Control 1 register (CTRL1) is a read/write register,
and the bits determine the internal oscillator frequency,
unipolar or bipolar input range, selection of an internal or
external clock, enabling or disabling the reference and
input signal buffers, the output data format (offset binary
The Self-Cal Gain Calibration register (SCGC) is a read/
write register, and the bits contain the value that corrects
the data for chip full scale. See Table 20.
Table 5. Command Byte (MODE = 0)
BIT
BIT NAME
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
START = 1
MODE = 0
CAL1
CAL0
IMPD
RATE2
RATE1
RATE0
Table 6. Command Byte (MODE = 1)
BIT
BIT NAME
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
START = 1
MODE = 1
0
RS3
RS2
RS1
RS0
W/R
Note: The START bit is used to synchronize the data from the host device. The START bit is always 1.
______________________________________________________________________________________ 15
MAX11209/MAX11211
tDS
tCSS0
MAX11209/MAX11211
18-Bit, Single-Channel, Ultra-Low-Power, DeltaSigma ADCs with Programmable Gain and GPIO
Table 7. Operating Mode (MODE Bit)
MODE BIT SETTING
OPERATING MODE
0
The command byte initiates a conversion or an immediate power-down. See Tables 5 and 8.
1
The device interprets the command byte as a register access byte, which is decoded as per
Tables 6 and 9.
Table 8. Command Byte (MODE = 0, LINEF = 0)
START
MODE
CAL1
CAL0
IMPD
RATE2
RATE1
RATE0
Self-calibration cycle
COMMAND
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
System offset calibration cycle
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
System gain calibration
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
Immediate power-down
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
Convert 1sps
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Convert 2.5sps
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
Convert 5sps
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Convert 10sps
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
Convert 15sps
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
Convert 30sps
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
Convert 60sps
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
Convert 120sps
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
Table 9. Register Selection (MODE = 1)
RS3
RS2
RS1
RS0
REGISTER ACCESS
POWER-ON RESET STATUS
REGISTER SIZE (BITS)
0
0
0
0
STAT1
0x00
8
0
0
0
1
CTRL1
0x02
8
0
0
1
0
CTRL2
0x0F
8
0
0
1
1
CTRL3
0x1E
8
0
1
0
0
DATA
0x000000
24
0
1
0
1
SOC
0x000000
24
0
1
1
0
SGC
0x000000
24
0
1
1
1
SCOC
0x000000
24
1
0
0
0
SCGC
0x000000
24
16 �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
18-Bit, Single-Channel, Ultra-Low-Power, DeltaSigma ADCs with Programmable Gain and GPIO
REGISTER
ADDRESS
R/W
NAME
SEL (RS[3:0])
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
MSTAT
STAT1
R
0x0
SYSOR
RATE2
RATE1
RATE0
OR
UR
CTRL1
R/W
0x1
LINEF
EXTCLK
REFBUF
SIGBUF
FORMAT
CTRL2
R/W
0x2
DIR4
U/B
DIR3
DIR2
DIR1
DIO4
DIO3
CTRL3
R/W
0x3
DGAIN2*
DGAIN1*
DGAIN0*
NOSYSG
NOSYSO
NOSCG
B0
RDY
SCYCLE RESERVED
DIO2
DIO1
NOSCO
RESERVED
D[17:16]
DATA
R
0x4
D[15:8]
D[7:0]
B[23:16]
SOC
R/W
0x5
B[15:8]
B[7:0]
B[23:16]
SGC
R/W
0x6
B[15:8]
B[7:0]
B[23:16]
SCOC
R/W
0x7
B[15:8]
B[7:0]
B[23:16]
SCGC
R/W
0x8
B[15:8]
B[7:0]
*These DGAIN_ bits set the digital gain for the MAX11209 These bits are don’t-care bits for the MAX11211.
______________________________________________________________________________________ 17
MAX11209/MAX11211
Table 10. Register Address Map
MAX11209/MAX11211
18-Bit, Single-Channel, Ultra-Low-Power, DeltaSigma ADCs with Programmable Gain and GPIO
STAT1: Status Register
Table 11. STAT1 Register (Read Only)
BIT
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
BIT NAME
SYSOR
RATE2
RATE1
RATE0
OR
UR
MSTAT
RDY
DEFAULT
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SYSOR: The system gain overrange bit, when set to 1, indicates that a system gain calibration was over range. The
SCGC calibration coefficient is maximum value of 1.9999999. This bit, when set to 1, indicates that the full-scale value
out of the converter is likely not available.
RATE[2:0]: The data rate bits indicate the conversion rate that corresponds to the result in the DATA register or the
rate that was used for calibration coefficient calculation. If the previous conversions were done at a different rate, the
RATE[2:0] bits indicate a rate different than the rate of the conversion in progress.
OR: The overrange bit, OR, is set to 1 to indicate the conversion result has exceeded the maximum value of the
converter and that the result has been clipped or limited to the maximum value. The OR bit is set to 0 to indicate the
conversion result is within the full-scale range of the device.
UR: The underrange bit, UR, is set to 1 to indicate the conversion result has exceeded the minimum value of the
converter and that the result has been clipped or limited to the minimum value. The UR bit is set to 0 to indicate the
conversion result is within the full-scale range of the device.
MSTAT: The measurement status bit, MSTAT is set to 1 when a signal measurement is in progress. When MSTAT = 1,
a conversion, self-calibration, or system calibration is in progress and indicates that the modulator is busy. When the
modulator is not converting, the MSTAT bit is set to 0.
RDY: The RDY ready bit is set to 1 to indicate that a conversion result is available. Reading the DATA register resets the
RDY bit to 0 only after another conversion has been initiated. If the DATA has not been read before another conversion
is initiated, the RDY bit remains 1; if the DATA is read before another conversion is initiated, the RDY bit resets to 0. If
the DATA for the previous conversion is read during a following conversion, the RDY bit is reset immediately after the
DATA read operation has completed.
18 �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
18-Bit, Single-Channel, Ultra-Low-Power, DeltaSigma ADCs with Programmable Gain and GPIO
Table 12. CTRL1 Register (Read/Write)
BIT
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
BIT NAME
LINEF
EXTCLK
REFBUF
SIGBUF
FORMAT
SCYCLE
UNUSED
DEFAULT
0
U/B
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
LINEF: Use the line frequency bit, LINEF, to select if the data rate is centered for 50Hz power mains or 60Hz power
mains. To select data rates for 50Hz power mains, write 1 to LINEF and to select data rates for 60Hz power mains,
write 0 to LINEF.
U/B: The unipolar/bipolar bit, U/B, selects if the input range is unipolar or bipolar. A 1 in this bit location selects a unipolar input range and a 0 selects a bipolar input range.
EXTCLK: The external clock bit, EXTCLK, controls the selection of the system clock. A 1 enables an external clock as
system clock, whereas as a 0 enables the internal clock.
REFBUF: The reference buffer bit, REFBUF, enables/disables the reference buffers. A 1 enables the reference buffers.
A 0 powers down the reference buffers and the reference inputs bypass the reference buffers when driving the ADC.
SIGBUF: The signal buffer, SIGBUF, enables/disables the signal buffers. A 1 enables the signal buffer. A 0 powers
down the signal buffers and the analog signal inputs bypass the signal buffers when driving the ADC.
FORMAT: The format bit, FORMAT, controls the digital format of the data. Unipolar data is always in offset binary format. The bipolar format is two’s complement if the FORMAT bit is set to 0 or offset binary if the FORMAT bit is set to 1.
SCYCLE: The single-cycle bit, SCYCLE, determines if the device runs in “no-latency” single-conversion mode
(SCYCLE = 1) or if the device runs in “latent” continuous-conversion mode (SCYCLE = 0). When in single-cycle conversion mode, the device completes one no-latency conversion and then powers down into a leakage-only state. When
in continuous-conversion mode, the part is continuously converting and the first three data from the part are incorrect
due to the SINC4 filter latency.
Important Note: When operating in continuous-conversion mode (SCYCLE = 0), it is recommended to keep CS low to
properly detect the end of conversion. The end of conversion is signaled by RDY/DOUT changing from 0 to 1. The transition of RDY/DOUT from 0 to 1 must be used to synchronize the DATA register read back. If the RDY/DOUT output is
not used to synchronize the DATA read back, a timing hazard exists where the DATA register is updated internally after
a conversion has completed simultaneously with the DATA register being read out, causing an incorrect read of DATA.
______________________________________________________________________________________ 19
MAX11209/MAX11211
CTRL1: Control 1 Register
The byte-wide CTRL1 register is a bidirectional read/write register. The byte written to the CTRL1 register indicates if
the part converts continuously or single cycle, if an external or internal clock is used, if the reference and signal buffers
are activated, the format of the data when in bipolar mode, and if the analog signal input range is unipolar or bipolar.
MAX11209/MAX11211
18-Bit, Single-Channel, Ultra-Low-Power, DeltaSigma ADCs with Programmable Gain and GPIO
CTRL2: Control 2 Register
The byte-wide CTRL2 register is a bidirectional read/write register. The byte written to the CTRL2 register controls the
direction and values of the digital I/O ports.
Table 13. CTRL2 Register (Read/Write)
BIT
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
BIT NAME
DIR4
DIR3
DIR2
DIR1
DIO4
DIO3
DIO2
DIO1
DEFAULT
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
DIR[4:1]: The direction bits configure the direction of the DIO bit. When a DIR bit is set to 0, the associated DIO bit
is configured as an input and the value returned by a read of the DIO bit is the value being driven on the associated
GPIO. When a DIR bit is set to 1, the associated DIO bit is configured as an output and the GPIO port is driven to a
logic value of the associated DIO bit.
DIO[4:1]: The data input/output bits are bits associated with the GPIO ports. When a DIO is configured as an input,
the value read from the DIO bit is the logic value being driven at the GPIO port. When the direction is configured as an
output, the GPIO port is driven to a logic value associated with the DIO bit.
CTRL3: Control 3 Register
The byte-wide CTRL3 register is a bidirectional read/write register. The CTRL3 register controls the operation and
Table 14. CTRL3 Register (Read/Write)
BIT
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
BIT NAME
DGAIN2*
DGAIN1*
DGAIN0*
NOSYSG
NOSYSO
NOSCG
NOSCO
RESERVED
DEFAULT
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
*These DGAIN_ bits are don’t-care bits for the MAX11211.
calibration of the device.
DGAIN[2:0] (MAX11209 only): The digital gain bits control the input referred gain. With a gain of 1, the input range is
0 to VREF (unipolar) or ±VREF (bipolar). As the gain in increased by 2x, the input range is reduced to 0 to VREF/gain
or ±VREF/gain. Digital gain is applied to the final offset and gain-calibrated digital data. The DGAIN[2:0] bits decode
to digital gains as follows:
000
001
010
011
=
=
=
=
1
2
4
8
100
101
110
111
=
=
=
=
16
32
64
128
NOSYSG: The no-system gain bit, NOSYSG, controls the system gain calibration coefficient. A 1 in this bit location disables
the use of the system gain value when computing the final offset and gain corrected data value. A 0 in this location enables
the use of the system gain value when computing the final offset and gain corrected data value.
NOSYSO: The no system offset bit, NOSYSO, controls the system offset calibration coefficient. A 1 in this location disables
the use of the system offset value when computing the final offset and gain corrected data value. A 0 in this location enables
the use of the system offset value when computing the final offset and gain corrected data value.
NOSCG: The no self-calibration gain bit, NOSCG, controls the self-calibration gain calibration coefficient. A 1 in this location
disables the use of the self-calibration gain value when computing the final offset and gain corrected data value. A 0 in this
location enables the use of the self-calibration gain value when computing the final offset and gain corrected data value.
NOSCO: The no self-calibration offset bit, NOSCO, controls the use of the self-calibration offset calibration coefficient. A 1 in
this location disables the use of the self-calibration offset value when computing the final offset and gain corrected data value.
A 0 in this location enables the use of the self-calibration offset value when computing the final offset and gain corrected data
value.
20 �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
18-Bit, Single-Channel, Ultra-Low-Power, DeltaSigma ADCs with Programmable Gain and GPIO
The data format while in unipolar mode is always straight binary. In straight binary format, the most negative value is
0x00000 (VAINP - VAINN = 0V), the midscale value is 0x20000 (VAINP - VAINN = VREF/2), and the most positive value
is 0x3FFFF (VAINP - VAINN = VREF).
In bipolar mode, if the FORMAT bit = 1, then the data format is offset binary. If the FORMAT bit = 0, then the data
format is two’s complement. In two’s complement the negative full-scale value is 0x20000 (VAINP - VAINN = -VREF), the
midscale is 0x00000 (VAINP - VAINN = 0V), and the positive full scale is 0x1FFFF (VAINP - VAINN = VREF). Any input
exceeding the available input range is limited to the minimum or maximum data value.
Table 15. DATA Register (Read Only)
BIT
DEFAULT
BIT
DEFAULT
BIT
DEFAULT
D17
D16
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
D1
D0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Table 16a. Output Data Format for the Unipolar Input Range
INPUT VOLTAGE
VAINP - VAINN
DIGITAL OUTPUT CODE FOR UNIPOLAR RANGE
≥ VREF
0x3FFFF

1 
VREF × 1 −

 2 18 − 1
0x3FFFF
STRAIGHT BINARY FORMAT
VREF
0x00001
0
0x00000
218 −1
______________________________________________________________________________________ 21
MAX11209/MAX11211
DATA: Data Register
The data register is a 24-bit read-only register. Any attempt to write data to the data register has no effect. The data
read from this register is clocked out MSB first. The data register holds the conversion result. D17 is the MSB, and D0
is the LSB. The result is stored in a format according to the FORMAT bit in the CTRL1 register.
MAX11209/MAX11211
18-Bit, Single-Channel, Ultra-Low-Power, DeltaSigma ADCs with Programmable Gain and GPIO
Table 16b. Output Data Formats for the Bipolar Input Range
DIGITAL OUTPUT CODE FOR BIPOLAR RANGES
INPUT VOLTAGE
VAINP - VAINN
OFFSET BINARY FORMAT
TWO’S COMPLEMENT FORMAT
≥ VREF
0x3FFFF
0x1FFFF

1 
VREF × 1 −

17
 2 − 1
0x3FFFE
0x1FFFE
0x2000
0x00001
0x20000
0x00000
0x1FFFF
0x3FFFF

1 
−VREF × 1 −

 2 17 − 1
0x00001
0x20001
≤ -VREF
0x00000
0x20000
VREF
2 17 − 1
0
−VREF
2 17 − 1
SOC: System Offset Calibration Register
The system offset calibration register is a 24-bit read/write register. The data written/read to/from this register is clocked
in/out MSB (most significant bit) first. This register holds the system offset calibration value. The format is always in
two’s complement binary format. A write to the system-calibration register is allowed. The value written remains valid
until it is either rewritten or until an on-demand system-calibration operation is performed, which overwrites the usersupplied value.
The system offset calibration value is subtracted from each conversion result provided the NOSYSO bit in the CTRL3
register is set to 0. The system offset calibration value is subtracted from the conversion result after self-calibration
but before system gain correction. The system offset calibration value is also applied prior to the 1x or 2x scale factor
associated with bipolar and unipolar modes.
Table 17. SOC Register (Read/Write)
BIT
DEFAULT
BIT
DEFAULT
BIT
DEFAULT
B23
B22
B21
B20
B19
B18
B17
B16
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
B15
B14
B13
B12
B11
B10
B9
B8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
22 �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
18-Bit, Single-Channel, Ultra-Low-Power, DeltaSigma ADCs with Programmable Gain and GPIO
The system gain calibration value is used to scale the offset corrected conversion result, provided the NOSYSG bit
in the CTRL3 register is set to 0. The system gain calibration value scales the offset-corrected result by up to 2x or
corrects a gain error of approximately -50%. The amount of positive gain error that can be corrected is determined by
modulator overload characteristics, which can be as much as +25%. The gain is corrected to within 2 LSB.
Table 18. SGC Register (Read/Write)
BIT
DEFAULT
BIT
DEFAULT
BIT
DEFAULT
B23
B22
B21
B20
B19
B18
B17
B16
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
B15
B14
B13
B12
B11
B10
B9
B8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SCOC: Self-Calibration Offset Register
The self-calibration offset register is a 24-bit read/write register. The data written/read to/from this register is clocked
in/out MSB first. This register holds the self-calibration offset value. The format is always in two’s complement binary
format. A write to the self-calibration offset register is allowed. The written value remains valid until it is either rewritten
or until an on-demand self-calibration operation is performed, which overwrites the user-supplied value.
The self-calibration offset value is subtracted from each conversion result provided the NOSCO bit in the CTRL3 register is set to 0. The self-calibration offset value is subtracted from the conversion result before the self-calibration gain
correction and before the system offset and gain correction. The self-calibration offset value is also applied prior to the
2x scale factor associated with unipolar mode.
Table 19. SCOC Register (Read/Write)
BIT
DEFAULT
BIT
DEFAULT
BIT
DEFAULT
B23
B22
B21
B20
B19
B18
B17
B16
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
B15
B14
B13
B12
B11
B10
B9
B8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
______________________________________________________________________________________ 23
MAX11209/MAX11211
SGC: System Gain Calibration Register
The system gain calibration register is a 24-bit read/write register. The data written/read to/from this register is clocked
in/out MSB first. This register holds the system gain calibration value. The format is always in two’s complement binary
format. A write to the system-calibration register is allowed. The written value remains valid until it is either rewritten or
until an on-demand system-calibration operation is performed, which overwrites the user-supplied value.
MAX11209/MAX11211
18-Bit, Single-Channel, Ultra-Low-Power, DeltaSigma ADCs with Programmable Gain and GPIO
SCGC: Self-Calibration Gain Register
The self-calibration gain register is a 24-bit read/write register. The data written/read to/from this register is clocked
in/out MSB first. This register holds the self-calibration gain calibration value. The format is always in two’s complement
binary format. A write to the self-calibration register is allowed. The written value remains valid until it is either rewritten
or until an on-demand self-calibration operation is performed, which overwrites the user-supplied value. Any attempt
to write to this register during an active calibration operation is ignored.
The self-calibration gain value is used to scale the self-calibration offset corrected conversion result before the system
offset and gain calibration values have been applied, provided the NOSCG bit in the CTRL3 register is set to 0. The
self-calibration gain value scales the self-calibration offset corrected conversion result by up to 2x or can correct a gain
error of approximately -50%. The gain is corrected to within 2 LSB.
Table 20. SCGC Register (Read/Write)
BIT
DEFAULT
BIT
DEFAULT
BIT
DEFAULT
B23
B22
B21
B20
B19
B18
B17
B16
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
B15
B14
B13
B12
B11
B10
B9
B8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Table 21. Data Rates for All Combinations of RATE[2:0] (LINEF = 0)
RATE[2:0]
SINGLE-CYCLE DATA RATE (sps)
CONTINUOUS DATA RATE (sps)
000
1
—
001
2.5
—
010
5
—
011
10
—
100
15
60
101
30
120
110
60
240
111
120
480
Table 22. Data Rates for All Combinations of RATE[2:0] (LINEF = 1)
RATE[2:0]
SINGLE-CYCLE DATA RATE (sps)
CONTINUOUS DATA RATE (sps)
000
0.833
—
001
2.08
—
010
4.17
—
011
8.33
—
100
12.5
50
101
25
100
110
50
200
111
100
400
24 �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
18-Bit, Single-Channel, Ultra-Low-Power, DeltaSigma ADCs with Programmable Gain and GPIO
See Figure 8 for the RTD temperature measurement circuit
and Figure 9 for a resistive bridge measurement circuit.
IREF2
REFP
RREF
IREF1
REFN
MAX11209
MAX11211
AINP
RRTD
AINN
GND
Figure 8. RTD Temperature Measurement Circuit
AVDD
REFP
REFN
AINP
MAX11209
MAX11211
AINN
Figure 9. Resistive Bridge Measurement Circuit
Adding more active circuitry to the analog input signal
path is not always the best solution to a small-signal
problem. Sometimes, increasing the dynamic range of
an active device can lead to a simpler solution that also
helps power consumption and linearity.
Often, circuit designers immediately look for an external op amp or programmable gain amplifier (PGA)
when confronted with coupling low-amplitude signals
to sampled digital systems. In many cases, choosing
an ADC with more dynamic range and better low-noise
performance yields a solution that works better, simpler,
and with less power.
One such example is measurements from a strain gauge
in a Wheatstone bridge configuration. Assuming a differential output signal from the bridge in Figure 10, the
bridge’s output voltage varies from 5mV to 105mV,
while the noise of the bridge itself limits the sensitivity
to approximately 1FV. This gives approximately 100,000
discrete levels that are available for quantization, a feat
accomplished quite well with any ADC having 17 bits or
more of usable resolution. However, as it is not likely that
a 19-bit ADC will have an input range of 105mV, a gain
stage is needed to boost the signal to span the input
range of the ADC (typically between 3V and 5V).
This solution requires finding an amplifier and associated
passives that meet the overall system noise and linearity
needs. Also, the power consumed in the gain stage may
equal or surpass that of the ADC itself, a fact that is significant in systems where power consumption is severely
constrained, such as portable sensors or 4–20mA loops.
The low-noise floor of the MAX11209 family of 16-/18-/20bit devices gives the designer the ability to use simple
binary shifting (digital gain) of the data word to align the
sample range with the available code space. Digital gain
is internally available in the MAX11209.
______________________________________________________________________________________ 25
MAX11209/MAX11211
Applications Information
IREF1 = K x IREF2
MAX11209/MAX11211
18-Bit, Single-Channel, Ultra-Low-Power, DeltaSigma ADCs with Programmable Gain and GPIO
Chip Information
AVDD
PROCESS: BiCMOS
Package Information
18-BIT ADC
RSTRAIN
For the latest package outline information and land patterns,
go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Note that a “+”, “#”, or
“-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package
drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing
pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status.
PACKAGE
TYPE
PACKAGE
CODE
OUTLINE
NO.
LAND
PATTERN NO.
16 QSOP
E16+4
21-0055
90-0167
AVDD
AINP
RSTRAIN
MAX11209
AINN
Figure 10. The MAX11209 ADC Eliminates an External Gain
Stage.
26 �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
18-Bit, Single-Channel, Ultra-Low-Power, DeltaSigma ADCs with Programmable Gain and GPIO
REVISION
NUMBER
REVISION
DATE
0
8/10
DESCRIPTION
Initial release
PAGES
CHANGED
—
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied.
Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600
©
2010 Maxim Integrated Products
27
Maxim is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
MAX11209/MAX11211
Revision History