LP2980 LP2980 Micropower 50 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Regulator In SOT-23 Package Literature Number: SNOS733L LP2980 Micropower 50 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Regulator In SOT-23 Package General Description Features The LP2980 is a 50 mA, fixed-output voltage regulator designed specifically to meet the requirements of battery-powered applications. Using an optimized VIP® (Vertically Integrated PNP) process, the LP2980 delivers unequaled performance in all specifications critical to battery-powered designs: Dropout Voltage. Typically 120 mV @ 50 mA load, and 7 mV @ 1 mA load. Ground Pin Current. Typically 375 μA @ 50 mA load, and 80 μA @ 1 mA load. Sleep Mode. Less than 1 μA quiescent current when ON/ OFF pin is pulled low. Minimum Part Count. Requires only 1 μF of external capacitance on the regulator output. Precision Output. 0.5% tolerance output voltages available (A grade). 5.0V, 4.7V, 3.3V, 3.0V and 2.5V versions available as standard products. ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Ultra low dropout voltage Output voltage accuracy 0.5% (A Grade) Guaranteed 50 mA output current Requires only 1 μF external capacitance < 1 μA quiescent current when shutdown Low ground pin current at all load currents High peak current capability (150 mA typical) Wide supply voltage range (16V max) Fast dynamic response to line and load Low ZOUT over wide frequency range Over-Temperature and Over-Current protection −40°C to +125°C junction temperature range Applications ■ ■ ■ ■ Cellular Phone Palmtop/Laptop Computer Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Camcorder, Personal Stereo, Camera Block Diagram 1207801 VIP® is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation. © 2009 National Semiconductor Corporation 12078 www.national.com LP2980 Micropower 50 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Regulator In SOT-23 Package January 8, 2009 LP2980 Connection Diagram 5-Lead Small Outline Package (SOT-23) 1207803 Top View See NS Package Number MF05A Pin Descriptions Name Pin Number VIN 1 Input Voltage Function GND 2 Common Ground (device substrate) ON/OFF 3 Logic high enable input N/C 4 Post package trim - do not connect to this pin VOUT 5 Regulated output voltage www.national.com 2 LP2980 Ordering Information TABLE 1. Package Marking and Order Information If a non-standard voltage is required, see the LP2980-ADJ. Output Voltage (V) Grade A 2.5 STD A 2.8 STD A 2.9 STD A 3.0 STD A 3.2 STD A 3.3 STD A 3.8 STD A 4.7 STD A 5.0 STD Order Information Package Marking Supplied as LP2980AIM5X-2.5 L0NA 3000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980AIM5-2.5 L0NA 1000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980IM5X-2.5 L0NB 3000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980IM5-2.5 L0NB 1000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980AIM5X-2.8 L13A 3000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980AIM5-2.8 L13A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980IM5X-2.8 L13B 3000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980IM5-2.8 L13B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980AIM5X-2.9 L12A 3000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980AIM5-2.9 L12A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980IM5X-2.9 L12B 3000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980IM5-2.9 L12B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980AIM5X-3.0 L02A 3000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980AIM5-3.0 L02A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980IM5X-3.0 L02B 3000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980IM5-3.0 L02B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980AIM5X-3.2 L31A 3000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980AIM5-3.2 L31A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980IM5X-3.2 L31B 3000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980IM5-3.2 L31B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980AIM5X-3.3 L00A 3000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980AIM5-3.3 L00A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980IM5X-3.3 L00B 3000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980IM5-3.3 L00B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980AIM5X-3.8 L21A 3000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980AIM5-3.8 L21A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980IM5X-3.8 L21B 3000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980IM5-3.8 L21B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980AIM5X-4.7 L37A 3000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980AIM5-4.7 L37A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980IM5X-4.7 L37B 3000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980IM5-4.7 L37B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980AIM5X-5.0 L01A 3000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980AIM5-5.0 L01A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980IM5X-5.0 L01B 3000 Units on Tape and Reel LP2980IM5-5.0 L01B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 3 www.national.com LP2980 ESD Rating (Note 2) 2 kV Power Dissipation (Note 3) Internally Limited Input Supply Voltage (Survival) −0.3V to +16V Input Supply Voltage (Operating) 2.1V to +16V Shutdown Input Voltage (Survival) −0.3V to +16V Output Voltage (Survival), (Note 4) −0.3V to +9V IOUT (Survival) Short Circuit Protected Input-Output Voltage (Survival), Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. Storage Temperature Range Operating Junction Temperature Range Lead Temperature (Soldering, 5 sec.) −65°C to +150°C −40°C to +125°C (Note 5) 260°C −0.3V to +16V Electrical Characteristics Limits in standard typeface are for TJ = 25°C, and limits in boldface type apply over the full operating temperature range. Unless otherwise specified: VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA, COUT = 1 μF, VON/OFF = 2V. Symbol ΔVO Parameter Conditions Typ Output Voltage Tolerance IL = 1 mA 1 mA < IL < 50 mA Output Voltage Line Regulation VIN–VO Dropout Voltage VO(NOM) + 1V LP2980AI-XX (Note 6) Min Max Min Max −0.50 0.50 −1.0 1.0 −0.75 0.75 −1.5 1.5 −2.5 2.5 −3.5 3.5 0.007 ≤ VIN ≤ 16V IL = 0 1 (Note 7) IL = 1 mA IGND Ground Pin Current 7 0.014 0.014 0.032 0.032 3 3 5 5 10 10 15 15 60 IL = 10 mA 40 60 90 90 IL = 50 mA 120 150 150 225 225 95 95 125 125 110 110 170 170 220 220 460 460 600 600 1200 1200 IL = 0 65 IL = 1 mA 80 IL = 10 mA 140 IL = 50 mA VON/OFF LP2980I-XX (Note 6) 375 VON/OFF < 0.18V 0 ON/OFF Input Voltage High = O/P ON 1.4 0.55 0.18 0.18 0 −1 −1 1 1.6 Units %VNOM %/V mV μA 1 V 1.6 (Note 8) Low = O/P OFF ION/OFF ON/OFF Input Current VON/OFF = 0 IO(PK) Peak Output Current VOUT ≥ VO(NOM) − 5% 150 en Output Noise BW = 300 Hz–50 kHz, 160 μV Voltage (RMS) COUT = 10 μF Ripple Rejection f = 1 kHz 63 dB 150 mA VON/OFF = 5V 5 15 100 μA 15 100 mA COUT = 10 μF IO(MAX) Short Circuit Current www.national.com RL = 0 (Steady State) (Note 9) 4 Note 2: The ESD rating of pins 3 and 4 for the SOT-23 package is 1 kV. Note 3: The maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of the maximum junction temperature, TJ(MAX), the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance, θJA, and the ambient temperature, TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is calculated using: The value of θJA for the SOT-23 package is 220°C/W. Exceeding the maximum allowable power dissipation will cause excessive die temperature, and the regulator will go into thermal shutdown. Note 4: If used in a dual-supply system where the regulator load is returned to a negative supply, the LP2980 output must be diode-clamped to ground. Note 5: The output PNP structure contains a diode between the VIN and VOUT terminals that is normally reverse-biased. Reversing the polarity from VIN to VOUT will turn on this diode (See REVERSE CURRENT PATH). Note 6: Limits are 100% production tested at 25°C. Limits over the operating temperature range are guaranteed through correlation using Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. The limits are used to calculate National's Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL). Note 7: Dropout voltage is defined as the input to output differential at which the output voltage drops 100 mV below the value measured with a 1V differential. Note 8: The ON/OFF inputs must be properly driven to prevent misoperation. For details, refer to ON/OFF INPUT OPERATION. Note 9: See related curve(s) in Typical Performance Characteristics section. Typical Application Circuit 1207802 *ON/OFF input must be actively terminated. Tie to VIN if this function is not to be used. **Minimum Output Capacitance is 1 μF to insure stability over full load current range. More capacitance provides superior dynamic performance and additional stability margin (see Application Hints). ***Do not make connections to this pin. 5 www.national.com LP2980 Note 1: Absolute maximum ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the component may occur. Electrical specifications do not apply when operating the device outside of its rated operating conditions. LP2980 Typical Performance Characteristics COUT = 2.2 μF, all voltage options, ON/OFF pin tied to VIN. Unless otherwise specified: TA = 25°C, VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, Output Voltage vs Temperature Output Voltage vs Temperature 1207809 1207839 Output Voltage vs Temperature Dropout Characteristics 1207816 1207840 Dropout Characteristics Dropout Characteristics 1207814 1207815 www.national.com 6 LP2980 Dropout Voltage vs Temperature Dropout Voltage vs Load Current 1207811 1207820 Ground Pin Current vs Temperature Ground Pin Current vs Load Current 1207819 1207810 Input Current vs VIN Input Current vs VIN 1207818 1207817 7 www.national.com LP2980 Line Transient Response Line Transient Response 1207821 1207822 Load Transient Response Load Transient Response 1207841 1207842 Load Transient Response Load Transient Response 1207823 www.national.com 1207824 8 LP2980 Short Circuit Current Instantaneous Short Circuit Current vs Temperature 1207832 1207812 Short Circuit Current Output Impedance vs Frequency 1207833 1207844 Output Impedance vs Frequency Output Noise Density 1207826 1207827 9 www.national.com LP2980 Ripple Rejection Input to Output Leakage vs Temperature 1207828 1207825 Output Reverse Leakage vs Temperature Turn-On Waveform 1207830 1207829 Turn-Off Waveform ON/OFF Pin Current vs VON/OFF 1207831 www.national.com 1207845 10 have ESR values lower than the minimum required by the LP2980, and relatively large capacitance change with temperature. The manufacturer's datasheet for the capacitor should be consulted before selecting a value. Test results of LP2980 stability using multilayer ceramic capacitors show that a minimum value of 2.2 μF is usually needed for the 5V regulator. For the lower output voltages, or for better performance, a higher value should be used, such as 4.7 μF. Multilayer ceramic capacitors that have been verified as suitable for use with the LP2980 are shown in Table 3. OUTPUT CAPACITOR Like any low-dropout regulator, the LP2980 requires an output capacitor to maintain regulator loop stability. This capacitor must be selected to meet the requirements of minimum capacitance and equivalent series resistance (ESR) range. It is not difficult to find capacitors which meet the criteria of the LP2980, as the acceptable capacitance and ESR ranges are wider than for most other LDOs. In general, the capacitor value must be at least 1 μF (over the actual ambient operating temperature), and the ESR must be within the range indicated in Figures 1, 2 and Figure 3. It should be noted that, although a maximum ESR is shown in these Figures, it is very unlikely to find a capacitor with ESR that high. TABLE 3. Surface-Mount Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor Selection Guide 2.2 μF Surface-Mount Ceramic Tantalum Capacitors Surface-mountable solid tantalum capacitors offer a good combination of small physical size for the capacitance value, and ESR in the range needed by the LP2980. The results of testing the LP2980 stability with surface-mount solid tantalum capacitors show good stability with values of at least 1 μF. The value can be increased to 2.2 μF (or more) for even better performance, including transient response and noise. Small value tantalum capacitors that have been verified as suitable for use with the LP2980 are shown in Table 2. Capacitance values can be increased without limit. Manufacturer Tokin Part Number 1E225ZY5U-C203 Murata GRM42-6Y5V225Z16 4.7 μF Surface-Mount Ceramic Manufacturer Tokin Part Number 1E475ZY5U-C304 Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors Although probably not a good choice for a production design, because of relatively large physical size, an aluminum electrolytic capacitor can be used in the design prototype for an LP2980 regulator. A value of at least 1 μF should be used, and the ESR must meet the conditions of Figures 1, 2 and Figure 3. If the operating temperature drops below 0°C, the regulator may not remain stable, as the ESR of the aluminum electrolytic capacitor will increase, and may exceed the limits indicated in the Figures. TABLE 2. Surface-Mount Tantalum Capacitor Selection Guide 1207848 1 μF Surface-Mount Tantalums Manufacturer FIGURE 1. 1 μF ESR Range Part Number Kemet T491A105M010AS NEC NRU105M10 Siemens B45196-E3105-K Nichicon F931C105MA Sprague 293D105X0016A2T 2.2 μF Surface-Mount Tantalums Manufacturer Part Number Kemet T491A225M010AS NEC NRU225M06 Siemens B45196/2.2/10/10 Nichicon F930J225MA Sprague 293D225X0010A2T 1207849 Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors Surface-mountable multilayer ceramic capacitors may be an attractive choice because of their relatively small physical size and excellent RF characteristics. However, they sometimes FIGURE 2. 2.2 μF ESR Range 11 www.national.com LP2980 Application Hints LP2980 In any application where the output voltage may be higher than the input voltage, an external Schottky diode must be connected from VIN to VOUT (cathode on VIN, anode on VOUT. See Figure 5), to limit the reverse voltage across the LP2980 to 0.3V (See Absolute Maximum Ratings). 1207850 FIGURE 3. 10 μF ESR Range 1207835 REVERSE CURRENT PATH The internal PNP power transistor used as the pass element in the LP2980 has an inherent diode connected between the regulator output and input. During normal operation (where the input voltage is higher than the output) this diode is reverse biased (See Figure 4). FIGURE 5. Adding External Schottky Diode Protection ON/OFF INPUT OPERATION The LP2980 is shut off by pulling the ON/OFF input low, and turned on by driving the input high. If this feature is not to be used, the ON/OFF input should be tied to VIN to keep the regulator on at all times (the ON/OFF input must not be left floating). To ensure proper operation, the signal source used to drive the ON/OFF input must be able to swing above and below the specified turn-on/turn-off voltage thresholds which guarantee an ON or OFF state (see Electrical Characteristics). The ON/OFF signal may come from either a totem-pole output, or an open-collector output with pull-up resistor to the LP2980 input voltage or another logic supply. The high-level voltage may exceed the LP2980 input voltage, but must remain within the Absolute Maximum Ratings for the ON/OFF pin. It is also important that the turn-on/turn-off voltage signals applied to the ON/OFF input have a slew rate which is greater than 40 mV/μs. IMPORTANT: The regulator shutdown function will not operate correctly if a slow-moving signal is used to drive the ON/ OFF input. 1207834 FIGURE 4. LP2980 Reverse Current Path However, if the input voltage is more than a VBE below the output voltage, this diode will turn ON and current will flow into the regulator output. In such cases, a parasitic SCR can latch which will allow a high current to flow into the VIN pin and out the ground pin, which can damage the part. The internal diode can also be turned on if the input voltage is abruptly stepped down to a voltage which is a VBE below the output voltage. www.national.com 12 LP2980 Increasing Output Current 1207851 FIGURE 6. 5V/400mA Regulator The LP2980 can be used to control higher-current regulators, by adding an external PNP pass device. With the PNP transistors shown in Figure 6, the output current can be as high as 400 mA, as long as the input voltage is held within the Safe Operation Boundary Curves shown below in Figure 7. To ensure regulation, the minimum input voltage of this regulator is 6V. This “headroom” is the sum of the VBE of the external transistor and the dropout voltage of the LP2980. Notes: A. Drive this input with a logic signal (see Application Hints). If the shutdown function is not to be used, tie the ON/OFF pin directly to the VIN pin. B. Recommended devices (other PNP transistors can be used if the current gain and voltage ratings are similar). C. Capacitor is required for regulator stability. Minimum size is shown, and may be increased without limit. D. Increasing the output capacitance improves transient response and increases phase margin. E. Maximum safe input voltage and load current are limited by power dissipation in the PNP pass transistor and the maximum ambient temperature for the specific application. If a TO-92 transistor such as the MPS2907A is used, the thermal resistance from junction-to-ambient is 180°C/W in still air. Assuming a maximum allowable junction temperature of 150° C for the MPS2907A device, the following curves show the maximum VIN and IL values that may be safely used for several ambient temperatures. 1207852 FIGURE 7. Safe Operation Boundary Curves for Figure 6 13 www.national.com LP2980 1207853 FIGURE 8. 5V to 3.3V @ 3A Converter With limited input voltage range, the LP2980 can control a 3.3V, 3A regulator with the use of a high current-gain external PNP pass transistor as shown in Figure 8. If the regulator is to be loaded with the full 3A, heat sinking will be required on the pass transistor to keep it within its rated temperature range. Refer to the Heatsink Thermal Resistance Requirements, below. For best load regulation at the high load current, the LP2980 output voltage connection should be made as close to the load as possible. Although this regulator can handle a much higher load current than can the LP2980 alone, it can be shut down in the same manner as the LP2980. When the ON/OFF control is brought low, the converter will be in shutdown, and will draw less than 1 μA from the source. Notes: A. Drive this input with a logic signal (see Application Hints). If the shutdown function is not to be used, tie the ON/OFF pin directly to the VIN pin. B. Capacitor is required for regulator stability. Minimum size is shown, and may be increased without limit. C. Increasing the output capacitance improves transient response and increases phase margin. D. A heatsink may be required for this transistor. The maximum allowable value for thermal resistance of the heatsink is dependent on ambient temperature and load current (see curves in Figure 9). Once the value is obtained from the graph, a heatsink must be selected which has a thermal resistance equal to or lower than this value. If the value is above 60°C/ W, no heatsink is required (the TO-220 package alone will safely dissipate this). For these curves, a maximum junction temperature of 150°C is assumed for the pass transistor. The case-to-heatsink attachment thermal resistance is assumed to be 1.5°C/W. All calculations are for 5.5V input voltage (which is worst-case for power dissipation). 1207854 FIGURE 9. Heatsink Thermal Resistance Requirements for Figure 8 www.national.com 14 LP2980 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted 5-Lead Small Outline Package (SOT-23) NS Package Number MF05A For Order Numbers, refer to Table 1 in the “Order Information” section of this document. 15 www.national.com LP2980 Micropower 50 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Regulator In SOT-23 Package Notes For more National Semiconductor product information and proven design tools, visit the following Web sites at: Products Design Support Amplifiers www.national.com/amplifiers WEBENCH® Tools www.national.com/webench Audio www.national.com/audio App Notes www.national.com/appnotes Clock and Timing www.national.com/timing Reference Designs www.national.com/refdesigns Data Converters www.national.com/adc Samples www.national.com/samples Interface www.national.com/interface Eval Boards www.national.com/evalboards LVDS www.national.com/lvds Packaging www.national.com/packaging Power Management www.national.com/power Green Compliance www.national.com/quality/green Switching Regulators www.national.com/switchers Distributors www.national.com/contacts LDOs www.national.com/ldo Quality and Reliability www.national.com/quality LED Lighting www.national.com/led Feedback/Support www.national.com/feedback Voltage Reference www.national.com/vref Design Made Easy www.national.com/easy PowerWise® Solutions www.national.com/powerwise Solutions www.national.com/solutions Serial Digital Interface (SDI) www.national.com/sdi Mil/Aero www.national.com/milaero Temperature Sensors www.national.com/tempsensors Solar Magic® www.national.com/solarmagic Wireless (PLL/VCO) www.national.com/wireless Analog University® www.national.com/AU THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION (“NATIONAL”) PRODUCTS. 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