ATMEL AT88SC0808CRF Cryptorf eeprom memory 8 kbit Datasheet

Features
• One of a Family of Devices with User Memory of 1 Kbit to 64 Kbits
• Contactless 13.56 MHz RF Communications Interface
•
•
•
•
•
– ISO/IEC 14443-2:2001 Type B Compliant
– ISO/IEC 14443-3:2001 Type B Compliant Anticollision Protocol
– Command Set Optimized for Multicard RF Communications
– Tolerant of Type A Signaling for Multiprotocol Applications
– Operating Distance Up to 10 cm
Integrated 82 pF Tuning Capacitor
User EEPROM Memory
– 8 Kbits Configured as Eight 128-byte (1-Kbit) User Zones
– Byte, Page, and Partial Page Write Modes
– Self-timed Write Cycle
256-byte (2-Kbit) Configuration Zone
– User-programmable Application Family Identifier (AFI)
– User-defined Anticollision Polling Response
– User-defined Keys and Passwords
High-Security Features
– 64-bit Mutual Authentication Protocol (under exclusive patent license from ELVA)
– Encrypted Checksum
– Stream Encryption
– Four Key Sets for Authentication and Encryption
– Eight Sets of Two 24-bit Passwords
– Password and Authentication Attempts Counters
– Selectable Access Rights by Zone
– Write Lock Mode
– Antitearing Function
– Tamper Sensors
High Reliability
– Endurance: 100,000 Write Cycles
– Data Retention: 10 Years
– Operating Temperature: −40°C to +85°C
CryptoRF™
EEPROM Memory
8 Kbits
AT88SC0808CRF
Summary
Rev. 5027AS–CRRF–05/03
Note: This is a summary document. A complete document is available
under NDA. For more information, please contact your local Atmel
sales office.
Description
The CryptoRF™ family integrates a 13.56 Mhz RF interface into a CryptoMemory®,
resulting in a contactless smart card with advanced security and cryptographic features.
This device is optimized as a contactless secure memory, for multiapplication RF smart
card markets, and secure identification for electronic data transfer, without the
requirement of an internal microprocessor.
For communications, the RF interface utilizes the ISO 14443-2 and -3 Type B bit timing
and signal modulation schemes, and the ISO 14443-3 Slot-MARKER Anticollision
Protocol. Data is exchanged half duplex at a 106-kbit/s rate, with a two-byte CRC_B
providing error detection capability. The maximum communication range between the
reader antenna and contactless card is approximately 10 cm when used with an RFID
reader that transmits the maximum ISO 14443-2 RF power level. The RF interface
powers the other circuits; no battery is required. Full compliance with the ISO 14443-2
and -3 standards results in anticollision interoperability with the AT88RF020 2-Kbit RFID
EEPROM product and provides both a proven RF communication interface and a robust
anticollision protocol.
The AT88SC0808CRF contains 8 Kbits of user memory and 2 Kbits of system memory.
The 2 Kbits of system zone memory contain eight sets of read/write passwords, four
crypto key sets, security access registers for each user zone, and password/key
registers for each zone. The features and functionality of the system zone are identical
to those in the standard CryptoMemory.
The CryptoRF command set is optimized for a multicard RF communications
environment and includes all of the functionality of the standard CryptoMemory
commands. A programmable AFI register allows this IC to be used in numerous
applications in the same geographic area with seamless discrimination of cards
assigned to a particular application during the anticollision process.
2
AT88SC0808CRF
5027AS–CRRF–05/03
AT88SC0808CRF
Block Diagram
Figure 1. Block Diagram
RF Interface
Command
and
Response
Over
Voltage
Clamp
R
ec
tif
ie
r
C
Modulator
AC1
Regulator
EEPROM
Data Transfer
VDD
VSS
Password
Verification
AC2
Clock
Extraction
Data
Extraction
Frame Formatting
and
Error Detection
Interface
Anticollision
Authentication
Encryption and
Certification Unit
Random Number
Generator
Communications
All personalization and communication with this device is performed through the RF
interface. The IC includes an integrated tuning capacitor, enabling it to operate with only
the addition of a single external coil antenna.
The RF communications interface is fully compliant with the electrical signaling and RF
power specifications in ISO/IEC 14443-2:2001 for Type B only. Anticollision operation and
frame formatting are compliant with ISO/IEC 14443-3:2001 for Type B only.
ISO/IEC 14443 nomenclature is used in this specification where applicable. The
following abbreviations are utilized throughout this document. Additional terms are
defined in the section in which they are used.
•
PCD – Proximity Coupling Device: the reader/writer and antenna.
•
PICC – Proximity Integrated Circuit Card: the tag/card containing the IC and
antenna.
•
ETU – Elementary Time Unit: the time required to transmit or receive one data bit.
One ETU is equal to 128 carrier cycles (9.439 microseconds).
•
RFU – Reserved for Future Use: any feature, memory location, or bit that is held as
reserved for future use
•
$ xx – Hexadecimal Number: denotes a hex number “xx” (Most Significant Bit on
left)
•
xxxx b – Binary Number: denotes a binary number “xxxx” (Most Significant Bit on
left)
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5027AS–CRRF–05/03
Anticollision Protocol
When the PICC enters the 13.56 Mhz RF field of the host reader (PCD), it performs a
power on reset (POR) function and waits silently for a valid Type B polling command.
The CryptoRF PICC processes the antitearing registers as part of the POR process.
The PCD initiates the anticollision process by issuing an REQB or WUPB command.
The WUPB command activates any card (PICC) in the field with a matching AFI code.
The REQB command performs the same function but does not affect a PICC in the halt
state. The REQB and WUPB commands contain an integer N indicating the number of
slots assigned to the anticollision process. The CryptoRF command set is available only
after the anticollision process has been completed.
CRC Error Detection
A two-byte CRC_B is required in each frame transmitted by the PICC or PCD to permit
transmission error detection. The CRC_B is calculated on all of the command and data
bytes in the frame. For encrypted data, the encryption is performed prior to CRC_B
calculation. The SOF, EOF, start bits, stop bits, and EGT are not included in the CRC_B
calculation. The two-byte CRC_B follows the data bytes in the frame.
Figure 2. Location of the Two CRC_B Bytes within a Frame
SOF
K data bytes
CRC1
CRC2
EOF
The CRC polynomial is defined in ISO/IEC 14443 and ISO/IEC 13239 as x16 + x12 + x5 +
x 0 . This is a hex polynomial of $1021. The initial value of the register used for the
CRC_B calculation is all ones ($FFFF). When receiving information from the reader, the
PICC computes the CRC on the incoming command, data, and CRC bytes. After the
last bit has been processed, the CRC register should contain $0000.
Type A Tolerance
4
The RF Interface is designed for use in multiprotocol applications. It will not latch or lock
up if exposed to Type A signals and will not respond to them. The PICC may reset in the
presence of Type A field modulation but is not damaged by exposure to Type A signals.
AT88SC0808CRF
5027AS–CRRF–05/03
AT88SC0808CRF
User Memory
The EEPROM user memory is divided into eight user zones as shown in the memory
map in Table 1. Multiple zones allow for different types of data or files to be stored in
different zones. Access to the user zones is allowed only after security requirements
have been met. These security requirements are defined by the user in the configuration
zone during personalization of the device. If the same security requirements are
selected for multiple zones, then these zones may be effectively accessed as one larger
zone. The EEPROM memory page length is 16 bytes.
Table 1. Memory Map
Zone
$0
$1
$2
$3
$4
$5
$6
$7
$00
128 Bytes
–
User 0
–
$78
$00
User 1
–
–
–
User 6
–
–
$78
$00
128 Bytes
–
User 7
–
$78
Configuration
Memory
The configuration zone consists of 2048 bits of EEPROM memory used for storing
system data, passwords, keys, codes, and security-level definitions for each user zone.
Access rights to the configuration zone are defined in the control logic and may not be
altered by the user. These access rights include the ability to program certain portions of
the configuration zone and then lock the data written through use of the security fuses.
Security Fuses
There are three fuses on the device that must be blown during the device personalization process. Each fuse locks certain portions of the configuration zone as OTP
memory. Fuses are designed for the module manufacturer, card manufacturer and card
issuer and should be blown in sequence, although all programming of the device and
blowing of the fuses may be performed at one final step.
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5027AS–CRRF–05/03
Communication
Security Modes
Communication between the PICC and reader operates in three basic modes. Standard
mode is the default mode for the device after power-up and anticollision. Authentication
mode is activated by a successful authentication sequence. Encryption mode is
activated by a successful encryption activation, following a successful authentication.
Table 2. Configuration Security Modes
Mode
Configuration
Data(1)
User Data
Passwords
Data Integrity
Check
Standard
clear
clear
clear
MDC(2)
Authentication
clear
clear
encrypted
MAC(3)
Encryption
clear
encrypted
encrypted
MAC(3)
Notes:
Security Methodology
1. Configuration data includes the entire configuration zone except the passwords.
2. Modification Detection Code
3. Message Authentication Code
Figure 3. Security Methodology
Device (card)
Card Number
VERIFY A
Compute Challenge B
Challenge B
Host (reader)
COMPUTE Challenge A
Challenge A
VERIFY B
Check Password RPW
DATA
Checksum (CS)
Read Password (RPW)
Check Password WPW
Write Password (WPW)
DATA
CS
VERIFY CS
VERIFY CS
Write DATA
Memory Access
Depending on the device configuration, the host will carry out the authentication protocol
and/or present different passwords for each operation: read or write. A bidirectional
secure checksum may be used to certify data authenticity. Each user zone may be
configured for free access for read and write or for password restricted access. To
insure security between the different user zones (multiapplication card), each zone can
use a different set of passwords. A specific attempts counter for each password and for
the authentication provides protection against systematic attacks.
Security Operations
Antitearing
6
In the event of a power loss during a write cycle, the integrity of the device’s stored data
may be recovered. This function is optional: the host may choose to activate the
antitearing function depending on application requirements. When antitearing is active,
write commands take longer to execute since more write cycles are required to
complete them. Data writes are limited to 8-byte pages when antitearing is active.
AT88SC0808CRF
5027AS–CRRF–05/03
AT88SC0808CRF
Data is written first to a buffer zone in EEPROM instead of to the intended destination
address, but with the same access conditions. The data is then written to the required
location. If this second write cycle is interrupted due to a power loss, the device will
automatically recover the data from the system buffer zone at the next power-up.
Write Lock
If a user zone is configured in the write lock mode, then the user zone is effectively
divided into 8-byte pages. The lowest address byte of each 8-byte page constitutes a
write access control byte for the 8 bytes in that page.
Table 3. Example of the Write Lock Byte at $80 Controlling the Bytes from $80 to $87
$0
$1
$2
$3
$4
$5
$6
$7
Page
1101 1001 b
xxxx xxxx b
locked
xxxx xxxx b
locked
xxxx xxxx b
xxxx xxxx b
xxxx xxxx b
locked
xxxx xxxx b
xxxx xxxx b
$80
The write lock byte may also be locked by writing its least significant (rightmost) bit to
0b. Moreover, the write lock byte can only be programmed, i.e., bits written to 0b cannot
return to 1b.
In the write lock configuration, only one byte can be written at a time. If several bytes are
received by the PICC, the command will be NACKed.
Password Verification
Passwords may be used to protect user zones’ read and/or write access. When a
password is presented using the Check Password command, it is memorized and active
until power is removed unless a new password is presented or a valid DESELECT or
IDLE command is received. Only one password is active at a time, but write passwords
also give read access.
Authentication Protocol
The access to a user zone may be protected by an authentication protocol in addition to
password dependent rights.
The authentication success is memorized and active as long as the chip is powered,
unless a new authentication is initialized or a valid DESELECT or IDLE command is
received. If the new authentication request is not validated, the card loses its previous
authentication and it must be presented again. Only the last request is memorized.
Note: Authentication must be performed prior to the password check to insure password
security. If the trial’s limit has been reached (after four consecutive incorrect attempts),
the password verification or authentication process will fail.
Encryption
The data exchanged between the card and the reader during Read, Write, and Check
Password commands may be encrypted to ensure data confidentiality.
The issuer may choose to protect the access to a user zone with an encryption key by
settings made in the configuration zone. In that case, activation of the encryption mode
is required in order to read/write data in the zone.
The encryption activation success is memorized and active as long as the chip is
powered, unless a new initialization is initiated or a valid DESELECT or IDLE command
is received. If the new encryption activation request is not validated, the card will no
longer encrypt data during read operations nor will it decrypt data received during write
or verify operations.
7
5027AS–CRRF–05/03
Checksum
The PICC implements a data validity check function in the form of a checksum. The
checksum may function in standard or cryptographic mode.
In the standard mode, the checksum is optional and may be used for transmission error
detection; however, communication error detection capability is already provided by the
mandatory CRC and this capability is redundant. In standard mode, the host may read a
checksum from the device to verify that the data sent was correctly written.
The cryptographic mode is more powerful since it provides data origin authentication
capability in the form of a Message Authentication Code (MAC); only the host/device
that carried out a valid authentication is capable of computing a valid MAC. The
cryptographic mode is automatically activated when a successful authentication is
carried out. To write data to the device, the host is required to compute a valid MAC and
provide it to the device.
If after an ingoing command the device computes a MAC different from the MAC
transmitted by the host, not only is the command abandoned but the cryptographic
mode is also reset. A new authentication is required to reactivate the cryptographic
mode.
Supervisor Mode
Enabling this feature allows the holder of one specific password to gain full access to all
eight password sets, including the ability to change passwords.
Modify Forbidden
No write access is allowed in a user zone protected with this feature at any time. The
user zone must be written during device personalization prior to blowing the security
fuses.
Program Only
For a user zone protected by this feature, data within the zone may be changed from a
“1” to a “0”, but never from a “0” to a “1”.
Tuning Capacitance
The capacitance between the coil pins AC1 and AC2 is 82 pF nominal and may vary
over ±10% over temperature and process variation.
Reliability
Table 4. Reliability
Parameter
Write endurance
Data retention
Min
Typ
Max
Units
100,000
–
–
Write
Cycles
10
–
–
Years
Mechanical
Engineering Samples
8
Engineering samples are available in Atmel’s RF modules or ISO7810 ID-1 plastic
cards.
AT88SC0808CRF
5027AS–CRRF–05/03
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Disclaimer: Atmel Corporation makes no warranty for the use of its products, other than those expressly contained in the Company’s standard
warranty which is detailed in Atmel’s Terms and Conditions located on the Company’s web site. The Company assumes no responsibility for any
errors which may appear in this document, reserves the right to change devices or specifications detailed herein at any time without notice, and
does not make any commitment to update the information contained herein. No licenses to patents or other intellectual property of Atmel are
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© Atmel Corporation 2003. All rights reserved. Atmel ® and combinations thereof and CryptoMemory® are
the registered trademarks, and CryptoRF ™ is a trademark of Atmel Corporation or its subsidiaries. Other terms
and product names may be the trademarks of others.
Printed on recycled paper.
5027AS–CRRF–05/03
xM
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