AH225 1W High Linearity InGaP HBT Amplifier Applications Repeaters Base Station Transceivers High Power Amplifiers Mobile Infrastructure LTE / WCDMA / CDMA / WiMAX SOIC-8 Package Product Features Functional Block Diagram 400-2700 MHz 15.5 dB Gain at 2140 MHz +31 dBm P1dB +46 dBm Output IP3 300 mA Quiescent Current +5 V Single Supply MTTF > 100 Years Capable of handling 10:1 VSWR @ 5Vcc, 2.14 GHz, 31.5 dBm CW Pout or 23 dBm WCDMA Pout Lead-free/RoHS-compliant SOIC-8 Package General Description Pin Configuration The AH225 is a high dynamic range driver amplifier in a low-cost surface-mount package. The InGaP/GaAs HBT is able to achieve high performance for various narrowband-tuned application circuits with up to +46 dBm OIP3 and +31.2 dBm of compressed 1dB power. The integrated active bias circuitry in the devices enables excellent stable linearity performance over temperature. It is housed in a lead-free/RoHS-compliant SOIC-8 package. All devices are 100% RF and DC tested. Pin # Symbol 1 2, 4, 5 3 6, 7 Vbias N/C RF_in RF_Out 8 Backside Paddle Iref RF/DC GND The AH225 is targeted for use as a driver amplifier in wireless infrastructure where high linearity and medium power is required. The AH225 is ideal for the final stage of small repeaters or as driver stages for high power amplifiers. In addition, the amplifier can be used for a wide variety of other applications within the 400 to 2700 MHz frequency band. Not Recommended for New Designs Recommended Replacement Part: TQP7M9103 Ordering Information Part No. AH225-S8G Description 1W High Linearity Amplifier Standard T/R size = 1000 pieces on a 7” reel. Data Sheet: Rev F 05/17/12 © 2012 TriQuint Semiconductor, Inc. - 1 of 21 - Disclaimer: Subject to change without notice Connecting the Digital World to the Global Network® AH225 1W High Linearity InGaP HBT Amplifier Specifications Absolute Maximum Ratings Recommended Operating Conditions Parameter Rating Parameter Min Typ Storage Temperature RF Input Power, CW, 50Ω, T=25°C Device Voltage,Vcc, Vbias Device Current Device Power -65 to 150 °C +26 dBm +8 V 900 mA +5 W Vcc Tcase TJ (for >106 hours MTTF) +4.5 -40 +5 Max Units +5.25 +85 +200 V C ° C ° Electrical specifications are measured at specified test conditions. Specifications are not guaranteed over all recommended operating conditions. Operation of this device outside the parameter ranges given above may cause permanent damage. Electrical Specifications Test conditions unless otherwise noted: Vcc = +5 V, Icq = 300 mA, T = +25°C, in a tuned application circuit. Parameter Conditions Operational Frequency Range Test Frequency Gain Input Return Loss Output Return Loss Output P1dB Output IP3 WCDMA Channel Power at -50 dBc ACLR Noise Figure Vcc, Vbias Quiescent Current, Icq Iref Thermal Resistance (jnc. to case) θjc Min Typical Max Units 2700 MHz MHz dB dB dB dBm dBm dBm dB V mA mA ° C/W 400 2140 15.5 18 9.4 +31.2 +46 +21.3 6 +5 300 15 13.3 +30 +43 See Note 1 See Note 2 See Note 3 350 35 Notes: 1. 3OIP measured with two tones at an output power of +19 dBm / tone separated by 1 MHz. The suppression on the largest IM3 product is used to calculate the 3OIP using a 2:1 rule. 2:1 rule gives relative value w.r.t. fundamental tone. 2. 3GPP WCDMA, 1±64DPCH, ±5 MHz, no clipping, PAR = 10.2 dB at 0.01% Probability. 3. This corresponds to the quiescent collector current or operating current under small-signal conditions into pins 6 and 7. Performance Summary Table Test conditions unless otherwise noted: Vcc = +5 V, Icq = 300 mA, T = +25°C, in an application circuit tuned for each frequency. Frequency 750 940 1500 1840 1960 2140 2600 MHz Gain Input Return Loss Output Return Loss Output P1dB Output IP3 [See note 4] WCDMA Channel Power at -50 dBc ACLR 20.1 14.5 7 +30.4 +45 +21.2 19.8 10.5 8.4 +31 +47.3 +21.7 17 17.2 11 +31.3 +48 +22 15.1 11 10.7 +30.7 +46 +21.6 15.4 15.4 8.3 +31.3 +53.6 +21.7 15.2 18 9.4 +31 +47 +21.4 13.2 19.4 5.5 +30.5 +48.7 +21.3 dB dB dB dBm dBm dBm Notes: 4. OIP3 is measured with two tones at an output power of 20 dBm/tone for 750 MHz, 22 dBm/tone for 940 MHz and 19 dBm/tone for 1490, 1840, 1960, 2140, 2600 MHz application circuits respectively. Data Sheet: Rev F 05/17/12 © 2012 TriQuint Semiconductor, Inc. - 2 of 21 - Disclaimer: Subject to change without notice Connecting the Digital World to the Global Network® AH225 1W High Linearity InGaP HBT Amplifier Device Characterization Data Gain and Max Stable Gain Input Smith Chart De-embedded S-Parameters 45 Output Smith Chart 1 1 4GHz 40 Gain (dB) 35 0.8 0.8 MSG (dB) 0.6 0.6 Gain (dB) 30 4GHz 0.4 0.4 25 0.2 0.2 20 0 0 15 -0.75 -0.5 -0.25 0.05 GHz 10 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 -1 -0.75 -0.5 -0.25 0 0.25 0.5 0.050.75 GHz 1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.4 5 -0.4 -0.6 0 -0.6 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Frequency (MHz) 2.5 3 -0.8 -0.8 -1 Note: The gain for the unmatched device in 50 ohm system is shown as the trace in blue color, Gain (dB). For a tuned circuit for a particular frequency, it is expected that actual gain will be higher, up to the maximum stable gain. The maximum stable gain is shown in the red line, DB [MSG]. The impedance loss plots are shown from 0.05-4 GHz. S-Parameter Data Vcc = +5 V, Icq = 300 mA, T = +25°C, unmatched 50 ohm system, calibrated to device leads Freq (MHz) S11 (dB) S11 (ang) S21 (dB) S21 (ang) S12 (dB) S12 (ang) S22 (dB) S22 (ang) 50 -2.90 -165.27 32.12 136.60 -40.91 46.68 -0.94 -74.85 100 -1.57 -171.34 28.59 116.71 -38.86 31.54 -1.66 -113.38 200 -0.99 179.84 23.57 100.17 -37.78 17.25 -1.95 -143.44 400 -0.81 169.25 17.96 86.66 -37.58 7.00 -2.15 -162.82 800 -0.97 152.64 12.56 69.77 -36.47 -0.03 -2.08 -173.99 1000 -1.12 145.10 11.02 62.27 -36.53 -6.84 -2.19 -175.67 1200 -1.25 136.77 10.01 54.20 -35.91 -8.53 -2.20 -177.71 1400 -1.53 128.95 9.29 46.48 -35.54 -14.78 -2.19 -178.63 1800 -2.52 110.16 8.93 27.07 -34.79 -32.76 -2.20 -179.60 2100 -4.69 91.38 9.54 5.44 -33.84 -58.32 -1.92 -179.47 2000 -3.69 98.77 9.27 13.27 -34.06 -50.56 -2.01 179.89 2200 -6.45 86.18 9.79 -4.317 -33.35 -72.56 -1.80 179.99 2400 -13.76 87.27 10.01 -28.04 -33.51 -107.65 -1.25 179.43 2600 -10.27 171.20 8.85 -57.83 -34.02 -157.07 -0.81 175.18 2800 -4.15 159.31 6.56 -84.16 -35.29 156.89 -0.78 171.95 3000 -1.93 143.93 3.19 -104.79 -34.70 116.80 -0.99 167.43 Data Sheet: Rev F 05/17/12 © 2012 TriQuint Semiconductor, Inc. - 3 of 21 - Disclaimer: Subject to change without notice Connecting the Digital World to the Global Network® AH225 1W High Linearity InGaP HBT Amplifier Reference Design 700-850 MHz Notes: See PC Board Layout, page 20 for more information. Vref J4 turret can be used as control voltage for device power down (low = RF off) by setting R8 = 0 Ω and R7 = no connect. The primary RF microstrip characteristic line impedance is 50 Ω. Do not exceed +5.5V on Vpd or Vcc or TVS diode D3 will be damaged. Components shown on the silkscreen but not on the schematic are not used. The edge of C6 is placed at 70 mils from the edge of AH225 RFout pin pad (3° at 750 MHz). C5 is placed against the edge of C6. The edge of R5 is placed at 10 mils from the edge of AH225 RFin pin pad (0.5° at 750 MHz). C8 is placed against the edge of R5, L2 against C8 and C9 against L2. Zero ohm jumpers may be replaced with copper traces in the target application layout. DNP means Do Not Place. Inductor L3 on Vpd line is critical for linearity performance. The locations of C11, R2, C10 and C3 are non-critical. They can be placed closer to the device. Ferrite Bead FB1 eliminates bypass line resonances between C15 and C1. Steward MI0603K300R-10. All components are of 0603 size unless stated otherwise. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Typical Performance 700-850 MHz Frequency MHz 700 750 800 850 Gain Input Return Loss Output Return Loss Output P1dB Output IP3 at 20 dBm/tone, ∆f = 1 MHz WCDMA Channel Power at -50 dBc ACLR [1] OFDMA Channel Power at 2.5% EVM [2] Supply Voltage, Vcc Quiescent Collector Current, Icq dB dB dB dBm dBm dBm dBm V mA 20 12 6 +30.4 +44.1 +20.6 +22.8 20.1 14.5 7 +30.4 +45 +21.2 +23.6 20.2 16 8.6 +30.7 +44.6 +21.4 +23.3 20 13.3 11.5 +30.6 +44 +21 +23.2 +5 300 Notes: 1. ACLR Test set-up: 3GPP WCDMA, TM1+64 DPCH, +5 MHz offset, PAR = 10.2 dB at 0.01% Prob. 2. EVM Test set-up: 802.16 – 2004 OFDMA, 64 QAM – ½, 1024 FFT, 20 symbols, 30 sub channels. Data Sheet: Rev F 05/17/12 © 2012 TriQuint Semiconductor, Inc. - 4 of 21 - Disclaimer: Subject to change without notice Connecting the Digital World to the Global Network® AH225 1W High Linearity InGaP HBT Amplifier Typical Performance Plots 700-850 MHz P1dB vs. Frequency Return Loss vs. Frequency S21 vs. Frequency 32 0 22 -5 19 31 S22 P1dB (dBm) Return Loss (dB) -10 -15 S11 -20 17 -25 600 650 700 750 800 Frequency (MHz) 850 900 29 27 600 650 ACLR vs. Pout vs. Freq 700 750 800 Frequency (MHz) 850 700 900 EVM vs. Pout vs. Freq 3GPP WCDMA,TM1+64DPCH,+5 MHz Offset -35 30 28 820 2 EVM (%) 700 MHz 750 MHz 800 MHz 850 MHz -50 -55 700 MHz 750 MHz 800 MHz 850 MHz 1.5 1 40 35 0 22 23 Pout (dBm) 45 0.5 -60 21 T=+25°C 700 MHz 750 MHz 800 MHz 850 MHz 50 -45 850 1 MHz tone spacing 55 2.5 -40 20 760 790 Frequency (MHz) T=+25°C T=+25°C 19 730 OIP3 vs. Pout / tone vs. Freq OFDM,QAM-64,54 Mb/s 3 OIP3 (dBm) S21 (dB) 20 18 ACLR (dBc) T=+25°C T=+25°C T=+25°C 21 24 Data Sheet: Rev F 05/17/12 © 2012 TriQuint Semiconductor, Inc. 25 19 20 21 22 Pout (dBm) - 5 of 21 - 23 24 17 19 21 Pout / tone (dBm) 23 25 Disclaimer: Subject to change without notice Connecting the Digital World to the Global Network® AH225 1W High Linearity InGaP HBT Amplifier Application Circuit 920-960 MHz (AH225-S8PCB900) J3 Vcc=+5V J5 GND R7 R6 C7 C7 FB1 R1 Vpd J3 R6 0 C15 L3 L4 R7 0 C17 R8 C1 R3 J4 10 uF 6032 J4 Vref C17 D3 C12 DNP 0.1 uF 0805 C1 D3 SM05T1G C12 1000 pF L1 C9 U1 C3 R1 120 R3 51 C3 C2 R2 C10 L2 C11 FB1 1000 pF L4 0 R2 J5 J1 RF Input C11 51 0 C10 C9 3.9 pF 22 pF L3 22 nH U1 AH225 1 8 2 7 3 6 4 5 L2 3.3 nH C15 47 pF L1 33 nH 1008 C3 C6 J2 0 C2 Backside Paddle 10 pF RF Output 5.6 pF Notes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. See PC Board Layout, page 20 for more information. Vref J4 turret can be used as control voltage for device power down (low = RF off) by setting R8 = 0 Ω and R8 = no connect. The primary RF microstrip characteristic line impedance is 50 Ω. Do not exceed +5.5V on Vpd or Vcc or TVS diode D3 will be damaged. Components shown on the silkscreen but not on the schematic are not used. The edge of L2 is placed at 170 mils from the edge of AH225 RFin pin pad (8.5° at 940 MHz). The edge of C9 is placed at 80 mils from the edge of AH225 RFin pin pad (4° at 940 MHz). The edge of C2 is placed at 220 mils from the edge of AH225 RFout pin pad (11° at 940 MHz). Zero ohm jumpers may be replaced with copper traces in the target application layout. C2 location will need to be re-optimized if replaced with copper trace. DNP means Do Not Place. Inductor L3 on Vpd line is critical for linearity performance. The locations of C11, R2, C10 and C3 are non-critical. They can be placed closer to the device. Ferrite Bead FB1 eliminates bypass line resonances between C15 and C1. Steward MI0603K300R-10. All components are of 0603 size unless stated otherwise. Typical Performance 920-960 MHz Frequency MHz 920 940 960 Gain Input Return Loss Output Return Loss Output P1dB Output IP3 at 22 dBm/tone, ∆f = 1 MHz WCDMA Channel Power at -50 dBc ACLR [1] Noise Figure Supply Voltage, Vcc Quiescent Collector Current, Icq dB dB dB dBm dBm dBm dB V mA 19.7 9.6 8 +31.1 +46.2 +21.6 9.3 19.8 10.5 8.4 +31 +47.3 +21.7 9.2 +5 300 19.9 10.4 9 +31.1 +48 +21.6 9.3 Notes: 1. ACLR Test set-up: 3GPP WCDMA, TM1+64 DPCH, +5 MHz offset, PAR = 10.2 dB at 0.01% Prob. Data Sheet: Rev F 05/17/12 © 2012 TriQuint Semiconductor, Inc. - 6 of 21 - Disclaimer: Subject to change without notice Connecting the Digital World to the Global Network® AH225 1W High Linearity InGaP HBT Amplifier Typical Performance Plots 920-960 MHz S11 vs. Frequency S21 vs. Frequency 0 -40°C +25°C +85°C S11 (dB) -5 20 19 -10 -15 18 17 930 940 Frequency (MHz) 950 960 -20 920 930 940 Frequency (MHz) 950 960 920 Frequency = 940 MHz 18 P1dB (dBm) Icc (mA) Gain (dB) 32 500 19 450 400 26 27 28 29 Pout (dBm) 30 31 32 22 24 ACLR vs. Pout vs. Temp 26 28 Pout (dBm) 30 920 32 ACLR vs. Pout vs. Freq 3GPP WCDMA,TM1+64DPCH, ±5 MHz Offset, 940 MHz -35 30 28 300 25 31 29 350 17 960 T=+25°C 550 20 950 33 T=+25°C - 40°C +25°C +85°C 940 Frequency (MHz) P1dB vs. Frequency 3GPP WCDMA,TM1±64DPCH,±5 MHz Offset,940 MHz 600 21 930 Icc vs. Pout Gain vs. Pout vs. Temp 22 -10 -15 -20 920 - 40°C +25°C +85°C -5 S22 (dB) -40°C +25°C +85°C 21 S21 (dB) S22 vs. Frequency 0 22 940 Frequency (MHz) 950 960 Noise Figure vs. Frequency vs. Temp 3GPP WCDMA, TM1+64DPCH, ±5 MHz Offset -35 930 12 T=+25°C 10 -45 - 40°C +25°C +85°C -50 -45 920 MHz 940 MHz 960 MHz -50 -55 21 22 23 24 Output Channel Power (dBm) 25 26 21 22 23 24 Output Channel Power (dBm) 25 35 45 40 23 Data Sheet: Rev F 05/17/12 © 2012 TriQuint Semiconductor, Inc. 25 45 40 35 30 21 Pout / tone (dBm) 960 T=+25°C 35 30 950 50 OIP3 (dBm) OIP3 (dBm) 40 940 Frequency (MHz) 1 MHz spacing, 22 dBm / Tone Pout 55 920 MHz 940 MHz 960 MHz T=+25°C 50 45 19 930 OIP3 vs. Frequency 1 MHz spacing 55 -40°C +25°C +85°C 17 920 26 OIP3 vs. Pout/Tone vs. Freq 1 MHz spacing, 940 MHz 50 -40°C +25°C +85°C 6 2 20 OIP3 vs. Pout/Tone vs. Temp 55 8 4 -55 20 OIP3 (dBm) NF (dB) -40 ACLR (dBc) ACLR (dBc) -40 30 17 19 21 Pout / tone (dBm) - 7 of 21 - 23 25 920 930 940 Frequency (MHz) 950 960 Disclaimer: Subject to change without notice Connecting the Digital World to the Global Network® AH225 1W High Linearity InGaP HBT Amplifier Reference Design 1475-1510 MHz J3 Vcc=+5V J5 GND R7 R6 C7 C7 R7 0 C17 R8 C12 R6 0 J3 DNP 0.1 uF 0805 D3 SM05T1G C12 C15 L3 L4 FB1 R1 Vpd R3 J4 10 uF 6032 J4 Vref C17 D3 FB1 1000 pF L1 C9 U1 C6 C5 R2 C10 L2 C11 R1 120 R3 51 C15 C3 L4 0 R2 J5 J1 RF Input C11 51 0 C10 C9 1.8 pF 22 pF L3 22 nH U1 AH225 1 8 2 7 3 6 4 5 L2 2.2 nH 10 pF L1 18 nH 1008 C6 10 pF Backside Paddle C3 0 C2 J2 RF Output 3.3 pF Notes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. See PC Board Layout, page 20 for more information. Vref J4 turret can be used as control voltage for device power down (low = RF off) by setting R8 = 0 Ω and R8 = no connect. The primary RF microstrip characteristic line impedance is 50 Ω. Do not exceed +5.5V on Vpd or Vcc or TVS diode D3 will be damaged. Components shown on the silkscreen but not on the schematic are not used. The edge of L2 is placed against the edge of C9. The edge of C9 is placed at 75 mils from the edge of AH225 RFin pin pad (6° at 1490 MHz). The edge of C2 is placed at 300 mils from the edge of AH225 RFout pin pad (24° at 1490 MHz). Zero ohm jumpers may be replaced with copper traces in the target application layout. DNP means Do Not Place. Inductor L3 on Vpd line is critical for linearity performance. The locations of C11, R2, C10 and C3 are non-critical. They can be placed closer to the device. Ferrite Bead FB1 eliminates bypass line resonances between C15 and C1. Steward MI0603K300R-10. All components are of 0603 size unless stated otherwise. Typical Performance 1475-1510 MHz Frequency MHz 1475 1490 1510 Gain Input Return Loss Output Return Loss Output P1dB Output IP3 at 19 dBm/tone, ∆f = 1 MHz WCDMA Channel Power at -50 dBc ACLR [1] OFDMA Channel Power at 2.5% EVM [2] Supply Voltage, Vcc Quiescent Collector Current, Icq dB dB dB dBm dBm dBm dBm V mA 17 17.5 10 +31.4 +47.6 +22 +23.9 17 17.2 11 +31.3 +48 +22 +23.9 +5 300 17 15.2 13 +31 +47 +21.8 +23.7 Notes: 1. ACLR Test set-up: 3GPP WCDMA, TM1+64 DPCH, +5 MHz offset, PAR = 10.2 dB at 0.01% Prob. 2. EVM Test set-up: 802.16 – 2004 OFDMA, 64 QAM – ½, 1024 FFT, 20 symbols, 30 sub channels. Data Sheet: Rev F 05/17/12 © 2012 TriQuint Semiconductor, Inc. - 8 of 21 - Disclaimer: Subject to change without notice Connecting the Digital World to the Global Network® AH225 1W High Linearity InGaP HBT Amplifier Typical Performance Plots 1475-1510 MHz S21 vs. Frequency Return Loss vs. Frequency 18 T=+25°C 32 16 15 14 P1dB (dBm) -5 Return Loss (dB) -10 -15 S11 -20 13 1400 1450 1500 Frequency (MHz) 1550 -25 1400 1600 1450 1550 28 1475 1600 -35 EVM (%) -45 1.5 -50 1 -55 0.5 -60 50 1475 MHz 1490 MHz 1510 MHz 2 21 22 Pout (dBm) 23 24 Data Sheet: Rev F 05/17/12 © 2012 TriQuint Semiconductor, Inc. 25 1515 45 40 35 0 20 1505 1475 MHz 1490 MHz 1510 MHz T=+25°C 2.5 1475 MHz 1490 MHz 1510 MHz 1495 Frequency (MHz) 1 MHz Spacing 55 T=+25°C -40 1485 OIP3 vs. Pout / tone vs. Freq OFDM, QAM-64, 54 Mb/s, +25 ⁰C 3 T=+25°C 19 30 EVM vs. Pout vs. Freq ACLR vs. Pout vs. Freq 3GPP WCDMA,TM1+64DPCH,+5 MHz Offset -30 1500 Frequency (MHz) 31 29 S22 OIP3 (dBm) S21 (dB) T=+25°C T=+25°C 17 ACLR (dBc) P1dB vs. Frequency 33 0 30 19 20 21 22 Pout (dBm) - 9 of 21 - 23 24 17 19 21 Pout / tone (dBm) 23 25 Disclaimer: Subject to change without notice Connecting the Digital World to the Global Network® AH225 1W High Linearity InGaP HBT Amplifier C7 R7 R6 Reference Design 1805-1880 MHz C17 D3 C12 J3 C15 L3 L4 FB1 R1 C1 R3 J4 L5 C9 U1 C6 C3 C5 C11 L2 L1 R2 C10 J5 Notes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. See PC Board Layout, page 20 for more information. Vref J4 turret can be used as control voltage for device power down (low = RF off) by setting R8 = 0 Ω and R8 = no connect. The primary RF microstrip characteristic line impedance is 50 Ω. Do not exceed +5.5V on Vpd or Vcc or TVS diode D3 will be damaged. Components shown on the silkscreen but not on the schematic are not used. The edge of C9 is placed at 10 mils from the edge of AH225 RFin pin pad (0.5° at 1840 MHz). The edge of L2 is placed against the edge of L5. ° The edge of C6 is placed at 80 mils from the edge of AH225 RFout pin pad (8 at 1840 MHz). The edge of C5 is placed against the edge of C6. Zero ohm jumpers may be replaced with copper traces in the target application layout. DNP means Do Not Place. Inductor L3 on Vpd line is critical for linearity performance. The locations of C11, R2, C10 and C3 are non-critical. They can be placed closer to the device. Ferrite Bead FB1 eliminates bypass line resonances between C15 and C1. Steward MI0603K300R-10. All components are of 0603 size unless stated otherwise. Typical Performance 1805-1880 MHz Frequency MHz 1805 1840 1880 Gain Input Return Loss Output Return Loss Output P1dB Output IP3 at 19 dBm/tone, ∆f = 1 MHz WCDMA Channel Power at -50 dBc ACLR [1] OFDMA Channel Power at 2.5% EVM [2] Noise Figure Supply Voltage, Vcc Quiescent Collector Current, Icq dB dB dB dBm dBm dBm dBm dB V mA 15.1 12 9.5 +30.8 +46.2 +21.7 +23.6 5.7 15.1 11 10.7 +30.7 +46 +21.6 +23.5 5.7 +5 300 15.1 10 12 +30.6 +45 +21.4 +23.3 5.8 Notes: 1. ACLR Test set-up: 3GPP WCDMA, TM1+64 DPCH, +5 MHz offset, PAR = 10.2 dB at 0.01% Prob. 2. EVM Test set-up: 802.16 – 2004 OFDMA, 64 QAM – ½, 1024 FFT, 20 symbols, 30 sub channels. Data Sheet: Rev F 05/17/12 © 2012 TriQuint Semiconductor, Inc. - 10 of 21 - Disclaimer: Subject to change without notice Connecting the Digital World to the Global Network® AH225 1W High Linearity InGaP HBT Amplifier Typical Performance Plots 1805-1880 MHz Return Loss vs. Frequency S21 vs. Frequency 17 32 -5 15 14 13 31 S22 P1dB (dBm) Return Loss (dB) -10 S11 -15 12 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 Frequency (MHz) 1950 -25 1700 2000 1750 ACLR vs. Pout vs. Freq 1800 1850 1900 Frequency (MHz) 1950 27 1800 2000 EVM (%) -45 -50 1.5 1 0.5 -60 0 19 20 21 22 Pout (dBm) 23 24 Data Sheet: Rev F 05/17/12 © 2012 TriQuint Semiconductor, Inc. 25 55 1880 MHz 1840 MHz 1805 MHz 2 -55 1860 1880 T=+25°C 2.5 1880 MHz 1840 MHz 1805 MHz 1840 Frequency (MHz) 1 MHz Spacing 60 T=+25°C -35 1820 OIP3 vs. Pout / tone vs. Freq OFDM, QAM-64, 54 Mb/s 3 T=+25°C -40 29 EVM vs. Pout vs. Freq 3GPP WCDMA, TM1+64DPCH, ±5 MHz Offset -30 30 28 -20 OIP3 (dBm) S21 (dB) T=+25°C T=+25°C 16 ACLR (dBc) P1dB vs. Frequency 0 T=+25°C 1880 MHz 1840 MHz 1805 MHz 50 45 40 35 30 19 20 21 22 Pout (dBm) - 11 of 21 - 23 24 17 19 21 Pout / tone (dBm) 23 25 Disclaimer: Subject to change without notice Connecting the Digital World to the Global Network® AH225 1W High Linearity InGaP HBT Amplifier Application Circuit 1930-1990 MHz (AH225-S8PCB1960) Notes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. See PC Board Layout, page 20 for more information. Vref J4 turret can be used as control voltage for device power down (low = RF off) by setting R8 = 0 Ω and R8 = no connect. The primary RF microstrip characteristic line impedance is 50 Ω. Do not exceed +5.5V on Vpd or Vcc or TVS diode D3 will be damaged. Components shown on the silkscreen but not on the schematic are not used. The edge of L2 is placed at 135 mils from the edge of AH225 RFin pin pad (14.7° 1960 MHz). The edge of C9 is placed at 75 mils from the edge of AH225 RFin pin pad (8.4° 1960 MHz). The edge of C2 is placed at 320 mils from the edge of AH225 RFout pin pad (33° at 1960 MHz). The edge of C6 is placed at 85 mils from the edge of AH225 RFout pin pad (8.4° at 1960 MHz). Zero ohm jumpers may be replaced with copper traces in the target application layout. DNP means Do Not Place. The locations of C11, R2, C10 and C3 are non-critical. They can be placed closer to the device. Ferrite Bead FB1 eliminates bypass line resonances between C15 and C1. Steward MI0603K300R-10. All components are of 0603 size unless stated otherwise. Typical Performance 1930-1990 MHz Frequency MHz 1930 1960 1990 Gain Input Return Loss Output Return Loss Output P1dB Output IP3 at 19 dBm/tone, ∆f = 1 MHz WCDMA Channel Power at -50 dBc ACLR [1] Noise Figure Supply Voltage, Vcc Quiescent Collector Current, Icq dB dB dB dBm dBm dBm dB V mA 15.2 16 7 +31.2 +51.3 +21.8 5.9 15.4 15.4 8.3 +31.3 +53.6 +21.7 5.9 +5 300 15.6 14.5 9.6 +31.1 +47.5 +21.7 6 Notes: 1. ACLR Test set-up: 3GPP WCDMA, TM1+64 DPCH, +5 MHz offset, PAR = 10.2 dB at 0.01% Prob. Data Sheet: Rev F 05/17/12 © 2012 TriQuint Semiconductor, Inc. - 12 of 21 - Disclaimer: Subject to change without notice Connecting the Digital World to the Global Network® AH225 1W High Linearity InGaP HBT Amplifier Typical Performance Plots 1930-1990 MHz S11 vs. Frequency 16 -5 15 -40°C +25°C +85°C 14 13 -5 -40°C +25°C +85°C -10 -15 1940 1950 1960 1970 Frequency (MHz) 1980 -25 1930 1990 1940 ACLR vs. Pout vs. Freq -25 1930 1990 -50 -60 20 21 22 23 Output Channel Power (dBm) 24 45 40 25 50 45 35 19 ACLR vs. Pout vs Bias Voltage 21 Pout / Tone (dBm) 23 17 25 -35 4.75 V 5V 5.25 V -55 21 22 23 Pout (dBm) 24 31 4.75 V 5V 5.25 V 30 29 28 1930 -60 20 Device Current (mA) P1dB (dBm) -45 25 OIP3 vs. P1dB vs. Frequency Total device current include Icc, Iref, Ibias, 1960 MHz 400 350 4.75 V 5V 5.25 V 300 250 200 1940 1950 1960 1970 Frequency (MHz) 1980 1990 19 Noise Figure vs. Frequency 1 MHz spacing, 19 dBm / tone Pout 10 55 8 8 50 6 6 35 1930 -40°C +25°C +85°C 4 2 40 1940 1950 1960 1970 Frequency (MHz) 1980 Data Sheet: Rev F 05/17/12 © 2012 TriQuint Semiconductor, Inc. 1990 0 1930 NF (dB) NF (dB) OIP3 (dBm) T=+25°C 45 1940 1950 1960 1970 Frequency (MHz) - 13 of 21 - 20 21 22 Pout (dBm) 23 24 25 Noise Figure vs. Bias Voltage 10 60 25 T=+25°C 32 -40 21 23 Output Power/Tone (dBm) Total device current vs. Pout vs. Bias Voltage 450 T=+25°C -50 19 P1dB vs. Freq vs. Bias Voltage 33 T=+25°C 19 4.75 V 5V 5.25 V 40 17 3GPPWCDMA,TM1+64DPCH,±5 MHz Offset,1960 MHz -30 1990 1960 MHz, 1MHz spacing 55 30 19 1980 T=+25°C 35 -55 1950 1960 1970 Frequency (MHz) OIP3 vs. Pout/Tone vs. Bias Voltage OIP3 (dBm) -45 1940 60 1930 MHz 1960 MHz 1990 MHz 50 1930 MHz 1960 MHz 1990 MHz -40 1980 1 MHz spacing T=+25°C OIP3 (dBm) ACLR (dBc) 1950 1960 1970 Frequency (MHz) 55 T=+25°C -35 -40°C +25°C +85°C -15 OIP3 vs. Pout / Tone vs. Freq 3GPP WCDMA, TM1+64DPCH, ±5 MHz Offset -30 -10 -20 -20 12 1930 ACLR (dBc) S22 vs. Frequency 0 S22 (dB) 0 S11 (dB) S21 (dB) S21 vs. Frequency 17 1980 T=+25°C F=1960 MHz 4 2 1990 0 4.75 4.85 4.95 5.05 Voltage (V) 5.15 5.25 Disclaimer: Subject to change without notice Connecting the Digital World to the Global Network® AH225 1W High Linearity InGaP HBT Amplifier Reduced Bias Configurations Application Note The AH225 can be configured to be operated with lower bias current by varying the Vpd resistor-R1 as highlighted on the schematic below. Lowering the current has little effect on the gain, OIP3, and P1dB performance of the device, but will slightly lower the ACLR performance of the device as shown below. It is expected that variation of the bias current for other frequency applications will produce similar performance results. The data below represents data taken from the AH225S8PCB1960 with data taken at 1960 MHz. R1 (Ω) Icq (mA) Gain (dB) Pdiss (W) P1dB (dBm) OIP3 (dBm)1 500 400 300 200 100 15.6 15.4 15.2 14.8 14 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 +30.9 +30.9 +30.9 +31.1 +31.4 +48.7 +48.7 +48.5 +43.5 +37.7 56.2 82 120 200 403 Pout (dBm)2 +21.4 +21.6 +21.4 +19.9 +15 Notes: 1. OIP3 is measured with two tones at output power of 19 dBm / tone separated by 1 MHz spacing. 2. ACLR Test set-up: 3GPP WCDMA, TM1+64 DPCH, +5 MHz offset, PAR = 10.2 dB at 0.01% Prob. Pout (Channel power) at -50 dBc ACLR is shown in the table above. OIP3 vs. Pout / Tone vs. Bias Current ACLR vs. Pout vs. Bias Current 3GPPWCDMA,TM1+64DPCH,±5 MHz Offset,1960 MHz -30 T=+25°C 33 T=+25°C -35 T=+25°C 50 -45 1 0 0m A 2 0 0m A 3 0 0m A 4 0 0m A 5 0 0m A -50 -55 32 P1dB (dBm) -40 OIP3 (dBm) ACLR (dBc) P1dB vs. Current 1960 MHz, 1 MHz spacing 55 45 40 1 0 0m A 2 0 0m A 3 0 0m A 4 0 0m A 5 0 0m A 35 19 20 21 22 Pout (dBm) 23 24 Data Sheet: Rev F 05/17/12 © 2012 TriQuint Semiconductor, Inc. 25 30 29 30 -60 31 28 17 19 21 Pout / Tone (dBm) - 14 of 21 - 23 25 100 200 300 Current (mA) 400 500 Disclaimer: Subject to change without notice Connecting the Digital World to the Global Network® AH225 1W High Linearity InGaP HBT Amplifier Application Circuit 2110-2170 MHz (AH225-S8PCB2140) Notes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. See PC Board Layout, page 20 for more information. Vref J4 turret can be used as control voltage for device power down (low = RF off) by setting R8 = 0 Ω and R8 = no connect. The primary RF microstrip characteristic line impedance is 50 Ω. Do not exceed +5.5V on Vpd or Vcc or TVS diode D3 will be damaged. Components shown on the silkscreen but not on the schematic are not used. The edge of L2 is placed at 205 mils from the edge of Ah225 RFin pin pad (23° at 2140 MHz). The edge of C9 is placed at 80 mils from the edge of AH225 RFin pin pad (9° at 2140 MHz). The edge of C2 is placed at 205 mils from the edge of AH225 RFout pin pad (23° at 2140 MHz). The edge of C6 is placed at 80 mils from the edge of AH225 RFout pin pad (9° at 2140 MHz). Zero ohm jumpers may be replaced with copper traces in the target application layout. DNP means Do Not Place. Inductor L3 on Vpd line is critical for linearity performance. The locations of C11, R2, C10 and C3 are non-critical. They can be placed closer to the device. Ferrite Bead FB1 eliminates bypass line resonances between C15 and C1. Steward MI0603K300R-10. All components are of 0603 size unless stated otherwise. Typical Performance 2110-2170 MHz Frequency MHz 2110 2140 2170 Gain Input Return Loss Output Return Loss Output P1dB Output IP3 at 19 dBm/tone, ∆f = 1 MHz WCDMA Channel Power at -50 dBc ACLR [1] Noise Figure Supply Voltage, Vcc Quiescent Collector Current, Icq dB dB dB dBm dBm dBm dB V mA 15.2 20 7.7 +31.5 +45.6 +20.9 6 15.5 18 9.4 +31.2 +46 +21.3 6 +5 300 15.6 17 12 +31.1 +46.1 +21 5.9 Notes: 1. ACLR Test set-up: 3GPP WCDMA, TM1+64 DPCH, +5 MHz offset, PAR = 10.2 dB at 0.01% Prob. Data Sheet: Rev F 05/17/12 © 2012 TriQuint Semiconductor, Inc. - 15 of 21 - Disclaimer: Subject to change without notice Connecting the Digital World to the Global Network® AH225 1W High Linearity InGaP HBT Amplifier Typical Performance Plots 2110-2170 MHz S11 vs. Frequency S21 vs. Frequency S22 vs. Frequency 0 0 -5 16 -10 S11 (dB) -40°C +25°C +85°C 14 -15 13 2120 2130 2140 2150 Frequency (MHz) 2160 -30 2110 2170 2120 2130 2140 2150 Frequency (MHz) 450 400 28 29 Pout (dBm) 30 31 22 32 24 ACLR vs. Pout vs. Temp ACLR (dBc) -45 -40°C +25°C +85°C -50 26 Pout (dBm) 28 -55 8 -45 6 2110 MHz 2140 MHz 2170 MHz 20 21 22 23 Output Channel Power (dBm) 24 25 19 1 MHz spacing, 2140 MHz 20 21 22 23 Channel Output Power (dBm) 24 0 2110 25 OIP3 (dBm) 40 35 21 Pout / Tone (dBm) 23 Data Sheet: Rev F 05/17/12 © 2012 TriQuint Semiconductor, Inc. 25 2170 2160 2170 T=+25°C 45 40 45 40 35 30 19 2160 50 35 30 2130 2140 2150 Frequency (MHz) 1 MHz spacing, 19 dBm / Tone Pout 55 2110 MHz 2140 MHz 2170 MHz 50 45 17 2120 OIP3 vs. Frequency 1 MHz spacing 55 - 40°C +25°C +85°C 50 4 OIP3 vs. Pout/Tone vs. Freq OIP3 vs. Pout/Tone vs. Temp 55 -40°C +25°C +85°C 2 -60 19 2130 2140 2150 Frequency (MHz) Noise Figure vs. Frequency vs. Temp -40 -50 2120 10 -55 -60 2170 30 28 2110 30 3GPP WCDMA, TM1+64DPCH, ±5 MHz Offset -35 -40 2160 31 ACLR vs. Pout vs. Freq 3GPP WCDMA, TM1+64DPCH, ±5 MHz Offset, 2140 MHz -35 2170 29 NF (dB) Gain (dB) Icc (mA) 27 2160 T=+25°C 300 13 2150 32 350 14 2140 P1dB vs. Frequency 500 15 2130 33 T=+25°C - 40°C +25°C +85°C 16 26 2120 Frequency (MHz) P1dB (dBm) Freq=2140 Mhz ACLR (dBc) -25 2110 2170 3GPP WCDMA, TM1+64DPCH, ±5 MHz Offset, 2140 MHz 550 17 OIP3 (dBm) 2160 Icc vs. Pout Gain vs. Pout vs. Temp 18 25 -15 -20 -25 12 2110 -10 -20 OIP3 (dBm) S21 (dB) 15 -40°C +25°C +85°C -5 -40°C +25°C +85°C S11 (dB) 17 30 17 19 21 Pout / Tone (dBm) - 16 of 21 - 23 25 2110 2120 2130 2140 2150 Frequency (MHz) Disclaimer: Subject to change without notice Connecting the Digital World to the Global Network® AH225 1W High Linearity InGaP HBT Amplifier Reference Design 2500-2700 MHz Notes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. See PC Board Layout, page 20 for more information. Vref J4 turret can be used as control voltage for device power down (low = RF off) by setting R8 = 0 Ω and R8 = no connect. The primary RF microstrip characteristic line impedance is 50 Ω. Do not exceed +5.5V on Vpd or Vcc or TVS diode D3 will be damaged. Components shown on the silkscreen but not on the schematic are not used. The edge of C6 is placed at 80 mils from the edge of AH225 RFout pin pad (10.5° at 2600 MHz). The edge of C5 is placed at 10 mils from the edge of AH225 RFout pin pad (1.5° at 2600 MHz). The edge of R5 is placed at 5 mils from the edge of AH225 RFin pin pad (1° at 2600 MHz). The edge of C9 is placed at 10 mils from the edge of R5 (1.5° at 2600 MHz). L2 is placed against the edge of C9. Zero ohm jumpers may be replaced with copper traces in the target application layout. DNP means Do Not Place. The multilayer inductor L3 on Vpd line is critical for linearity performance. The locations of C11, R2, C10 and C3 are non-critical. They can be placed closer to the device. Ferrite Bead FB1 eliminates bypass line resonances between C15 and C1. Steward MI0603K300R-10. All components are of 0603 size unless stated otherwise. Typical Performance 2500-2700 MHz Frequency MHz 2500 2600 2700 Gain Input Return Loss Output Return Loss Output P1dB Output IP3 at 19 dBm/tone, ∆f = 1 MHz WCDMA Channel Power at -50 dBc ACLR [1] OFDMA Channel Power at 2.5% EVM [2] Supply Voltage, Vcc Quiescent Collector Current, Icq dB dB dB dBm dBm dBm dBm V mA 12.9 13.3 5.2 +30.4 +50 +21.3 +23 13.2 19.4 5.5 +30.5 +48.7 +21.3 +23 +5 300 12.8 15.8 6.4 +30.2 +44.8 +20.9 +22.7 Notes: 1. ACLR Test set-up: 3GPP WCDMA, TM1+64 DPCH, +5 MHz offset, PAR = 10.2 dB at 0.01% Prob. 2. EVM Test set-up: 802.16 – 2004 OFDMA, 64 QAM – ½, 1024 FFT, 20 symbols, 30 sub channels. Data Sheet: Rev F 05/17/12 © 2012 TriQuint Semiconductor, Inc. - 17 of 21 - Disclaimer: Subject to change without notice Connecting the Digital World to the Global Network® AH225 1W High Linearity InGaP HBT Amplifier Typical Performance Plots 2500-2700 MHz S21 vs. Frequency Return Loss vs. Frequency 15 32 T=+25°C T=+25°C 12 11 31 P1dB (dBm) Return Loss (dB) -10 -15 2500 2600 Frequency (MHz) -25 2400 2700 2500 2600 Frequency (MHz) ACLR vs. Pout vs. Freq T=+25°C EVM (%) -45 -50 -55 50 2500 MHz 2600 MHz 2700 MHz 1.5 1 0 19 20 21 22 Pout (dBm) 23 24 Data Sheet: Rev F 05/17/12 © 2012 TriQuint Semiconductor, Inc. 25 2700 45 40 35 0.5 -60 2650 2500 MHz 2600 MHz 2700 MHz T=+25°C 2 2600 Frequency (MHz) 1 MHz Spacing 55 T=+25°C 2.5 2500 MHz 2600 MHz 2700 MHz 2550 OIP3 vs. Pout / Tone vs. Freq OFDM, QAM-64, 54 Mb/s 3 -35 -40 27 2500 2700 EVM vs. Pout vs. Freq 3GPP WCDMA, TM1+64DPCH, ±5 MHz Offset -30 29 28 -20 10 2400 30 S11 OIP3 (dBm) Gain (dB) 13 T=+25°C S22 -5 14 ACLR (dBc) P1dB vs. Frequency 0 30 19 20 21 22 Pout (dBm) - 18 of 21 - 23 24 17 19 21 Pout / tone (dBm) 23 25 Disclaimer: Subject to change without notice Connecting the Digital World to the Global Network® AH225 1W High Linearity InGaP HBT Amplifier Pin Description Pin 1 Reference Mark Vbias 1 8 Iref N/C 2 7 RF_Out RF_In 3 6 RF_Out N/C 4 5 N/C Backside Paddle - RF/DC GND Pin Symbol Description 1 2, 4, 5 3 6 7 Vbias N/C RF_in RF_out RF_out 8 Iref Backside Paddle RF/DC GND Voltage supply for active bias. Connect to same supply voltage as Vcc. No internal connection. This pin can be grounded or N/C on PCB. RF Input. Requires matching for operation. RF Output and DC supply voltage. See pin 6. Reference current into internal active bias current mirror. Current into Iref sets device quiescent current. Also, can be used as on/off control. Use recommended via pattern shown on page 20 and ensure good solder attach for optimum thermal and electrical performance. Application Board Information PC Board Layout Top RF layer is .014” Getek, єr = 4.0, 4 total layers (0.062” thick) for mechanical rigidity. Metal layers are 1oz copper. Microstrip line details: width = .030”, spacing = .026”. The silk screen markers ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’, etc. and ‘1’, ‘2’, ‘3’, etc. are used as placemarkers for the input and output tuning shunt capacitors – C8, C5 and C2. The markers and vias are spaced in .050” increments. The pad pattern shown has been developed and tested for optimized assembly at TriQuint Semiconductor. The PCB land pattern has been developed to accommodate lead and package tolerances. Since surface mount processes vary from company to company, careful process development is recommended. For further technical www.TriQuint.com information, Data Sheet: Rev F 05/17/12 © 2012 TriQuint Semiconductor, Inc. Refer to - 19 of 21 - Disclaimer: Subject to change without notice Connecting the Digital World to the Global Network® AH225 1W High Linearity InGaP HBT Amplifier Mechanical Information Package Information and Dimensions This package is lead-free/RoHS-compliant. The plating material on the leads is NiPdAu. It is compatible with both lead-free (maximum 260 °C reflow temperature) and lead (maximum 245 °C reflow temperature) soldering processes. The AH225 will be marked with an “AH225G” designator with a lot code marked below the part designator. The “Y” represents the last digit of the year the part was manufactured, the “XXXX” is an autogenerated number, and “Z” refers to a wafer number in a lot batch. Mounting Configuration Notes: 1. A heat sink underneath the area of the PCB for the mounted device is strictly required for proper thermal operation. Damage to the device can occur without the use of one. 2. Ground / thermal vias are critical for the proper performance of this device. Vias should use a .35mm (#80 / .0135”) diameter drill and have a final plated thru diameter of .25 mm (.010”) or equivalent. 3. Add as much copper as possible to inner and outer layers near the part to ensure optimal thermal performance. 4. Mounting screws can be added near the part to fasten the board to a heat sink. Ensure that the ground / thermal via region contact the heat sink. 5. Do not put solder mask on the backside of the PC board in the region where the board contacts the heat sink. 6. RF Trace width depends upon the PC board material and construction. 7. Use 1 oz. Copper minimum. 8. All dimensions are in millimeters (inches). Angles are in degrees. Data Sheet: Rev F 05/17/12 © 2012 TriQuint Semiconductor, Inc. - 20 of 21 - Disclaimer: Subject to change without notice Connecting the Digital World to the Global Network® AH225 1W High Linearity InGaP HBT Amplifier Product Compliance Information Solderability ESD Information Compatible with the latest version of J-STD-020, Lead free solder, 260°. ESD Rating: Value: Test: Standard: Class 1C Passes ≥ 1000 V min. Human Body Model (HBM) JEDEC Standard JESD22A114-E ESD Rating: Value: Test: Standard: Class IV Passes ≥ 1000 V min. Charged Device Model (CDM) JEDEC Standard JESD22C101-C This part is compliant with EU 2002/95/EC RoHS directive (Restrictions on the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment). This product also has the following attributes: • Lead Free • Halogen Free (Chlorine, Bromine) • Antimony Free • TBBP-A (C15H12Br402) Free • PFOS Free • SVHC Free MSL Rating Level 2 at +260 °C convection reflow The part is rated Moisture Sensitivity Level 2 at 260°C per JEDEC standard IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020. Contact Information For the latest specifications, additional product information, worldwide sales and distribution locations, and information about TriQuint: Web: www.triquint.com Email: [email protected] Tel: Fax: +1.503.615.9000 +1.503.615.8902 For technical questions and application information: Email: [email protected] Important Notice The information contained herein is believed to be reliable. TriQuint makes no warranties regarding the information contained herein. TriQuint assumes no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any of the information contained herein. TriQuint assumes no responsibility or liability whatsoever for the use of the information contained herein. The information contained herein is provided "AS IS, WHERE IS" and with all faults, and the entire risk associated with such information is entirely with the user. All information contained herein is subject to change without notice. Customers should obtain and verify the latest relevant information before placing orders for TriQuint products. The information contained herein or any use of such information does not grant, explicitly or implicitly, to any party any patent rights, licenses, or any other intellectual property rights, whether with regard to such information itself or anything described by such information. TriQuint products are not warranted or authorized for use as critical components in medical, life-saving, or life-sustaining applications, or other applications where a failure would reasonably be expected to cause severe personal injury or death. Data Sheet: Rev F 05/17/12 © 2012 TriQuint Semiconductor, Inc. - 21 of 21 - Disclaimer: Subject to change without notice Connecting the Digital World to the Global Network®