MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER • LCD drive control circuit DESCRIPTION The 38C1 group is the 8-bit microcomputer based on the 740 family core technology. The 38C1 group has the LCD drive control circuit, an 8-channel AD converter, and serial I/O as additional functions. The various microcomputers in the 38C1 group include variations of internal memory size and packaging. For details, refer to the section on part numbering. • • • FEATURES • Basic machine-language instructions ....................................... 71 • The minimum instruction execution time ............................ 0.5 µs (at 8 MHz oscillation frequency) • Memory size • • • • • • • ROM ................................................................ 16 K to 24 K bytes RAM ................................................................... 384 to 512 bytes Programmable input/output ports (Ports P2–P6) ..................... 30 Segment output pin/Input port (Port P0) ....................................... 8 Software pull-up/pull-down resistor ....................... Ports P0, P2–P6 Interrupts .................................................. 13 sources, 13 vectors (includes key input interrupt) Timers ........................................................... 8-bit ✕ 3, 16-bit ✕ 2 Serial I/O ...................................... 8-bit ✕ 1 (Clock-synchronous) A-D converter .................................................. 8-bit ✕ 8 channels (It can be used in the low-speed mode.) • • Bias ............................................................................ 1/1, 1/2, 1/3 Duty ................................................................ Static, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4 Common output .......................................................................... 4 Segment output ......................................................................... 25 Main clock generating circuit ...................................................... 1 (connect to external ceramic resonator or built-in ring oscillator) Sub clock generating circuit ........................................................ 1 (connect to external quartz-crystal oscillator) Power source voltage In high-speed mode (f(XIN) ≤ 8.0 MHz) ..................... 4.0 to 5.5 V In middle-speed mode (Mask ROM version: f(XIN) ≤ 6.0 MHz) .................................................................................... 1.8 to 5.5 V In middle-speed mode (One Time PROM version: f(XIN) ≤ 6.0 MHz) .................................................................................... 2.2 to 5.5 V In low-speed mode (Mask ROM version) .................. 1.8 to 5.5 V In low-speed mode (One Time PROM version) ........ 2.2 to 5.5 V Power dissipation (Mask ROM version) In high-speed mode (frequency divided by 2) ........... Typ. 15 mW (VCC = 5 V, f(XIN) = 8 MHz , Ta = 25 °C) In low-speed mode ...................................................... Typ. 18 µW (VCC = 2.5 V, f(XIN) = stop , f(XCIN) = 32 kHz , Ta = 25 °C) Operating temperature range ................................... – 20 to 85°C APPLICATIONS Household appliances, consumer electronics, etc. MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER P03/SEG3 P04/SEG4 P05/SEG5 P06/SEG6 P07/SEG7 SEG8 SEG9 SEG10 SEG11 SEG12 SEG13 SEG14 SEG15 SEG16 COM3 COM2 PIN CONFIGURATION (TOP VIEW) 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 P02/SEG2 P01/SEG1 P00/SEG0 P57/SRDY P56/SCLK P55/SOUT P54/SIN P53/CNTR1 P52/CNTR0 P51/INT1 P50/INT0 P47/AN7 P46/AN6 P45/AN5 P44/AN4 AN3/ADKEY3 49 32 50 31 51 30 52 29 53 28 54 27 55 26 M38C1XMX-XXXFP/HP 56 57 24 58 23 59 22 60 21 61 20 62 19 63 18 64 17 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 AN2/ADKEY2 AN1/ADKEY1 AN0/ADKEY0 P64 P63/φOUT P62/TOUT CNVSS RESET P61/XCOUT P60/XCIN VSS X IN XOUT VCC P34(LED4)/(KW4) P33(LED3)/(KW3) 1 Outline 64P6U-A/64P6Q-A Fig. 1 Pin configuration of M38C1XMX-XXXFP/HP 2 25 COM1 COM0 P20/SEG17 P21/SEG18 P22/SEG19 P23/SEG20 P24/SEG21 P25/SEG22 P26/SEG23 P27/SEG24 VL3 VL2 VL1 P30/(LED0)/(KW0) P31/(LED1)/(KW1) P32/(LED2)/(KW2) φ Ring oscillator 5 6 9 10 XCOUT Subclock output I/O port P6 4 P6(5) XCIN Subclock input XCIN XCOUT φ Clock generating circuit 13 12 TOUT 1 64 Analog input AN 3 2 A-D converter (8) PCH CPU I/O port P5 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 SI/O(8) Timer 3 (8) Timer Y (16) Timer 1 (8) Timer 2 (8) Timer X (16) ROM 63 62 61 60 Data bus 11 (0 V) VSS P5(8) 14 (5 V) VCC P4(4) I/O port P4 PS PCL S Y X A 8 Reset input RESET INT0,INT1 Main clock output XOUT CNTR0,CNTR1 Main clock input XIN Key-on wakeup FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM P2(8) 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 I/O port P2 P3(5) 15 16 17 18 19 I/O port P3 RAM Input port P0 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 P0(8) LCD display register (16 bytes) LCD drive control circuit 20 VL1 VL2 VL3 SEG8 SEG9 SEG10 40 SEG11 39 SEG12 38 SEG13 37 SEG14 36 SEG15 35 SEG16 41 42 43 33 32 COM0 COM1 COM2 34 COM3 31 22 21 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER Fig. 2 Functional block diagram 3 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER PIN DESCRIPTION Table 1 Pin description Pin Name Function VCC, VSS Power source • Apply voltage of power source to VCC, and 0 V to VSS. CNVSS CNVSS • Connect to Vss. RESET Reset input Clock input • Reset input pin for active “L”. • Input and output pins for the main clock generating circuit. Function except a port function (As for VCC, refer to the recommended operating condition) XIN • Connect a ceramic resonator or a quartz-crystal oscillator between the XIN and XOUT pins to set the XOUT Clock output oscillation frequency. • If an external clock is used, connect the clock source to the XIN pin and leave the XOUT pin open. A feedback resistor is built-in. LCD power source • Input 0 ≤ VL1 ≤ VL2 < VL3 voltage. COM0–COM3 Common output • LCD common output pins. Input port P0 P00/SEG0– • 8-bit input port. VL1–VL3 P07/SEG7 • LCD segment output pins • CMOS compatible input level. • 1, 2, 4 or 8-bit input and 8-bit pull-down can be programmed. SEG8–/SEG16 Segment output pin • LCD segment output pin. P20/SEG17– I/O port P2 • LCD segment output pins • 8-bit I/O port. P27/SEG24 • CMOS compatible input level. • CMOS 3-state output structure. • 1-bit input/output and pull-down can be programmed. P30(LED)/KW0– I/O port P3 • 5-bit I/O port. P34(LED)/KW4 • CMOS compatible input level. • Key input (key-on wake-up) interrupt input pins • CMOS 3-state output structure. • 1-bit input/output and pull-up can be programmed. AN0/ADKEY0– Analog input AN3/ADKEY3 • Analog input pins for A-D converter. • ADKEY input pins When these pins are used as ADKEY pins, the input voltage of ADKEY pin which is input “L” level is A-D converted automatically. P44/AN4– I/O port P4 P47/AN7 • 4-bit I/O port. • CMOS compatible input level. • Analog input pins for A-D converter • CMOS 3-state output structure. • 1-bit input/output and pull-up can be programmed. P50/INT0, I/O port P5 • 8-bit I/O port. P51/INT1 • CMOS compatible input level. P52/CNTR0 • CMOS 3-state output structure. • 1-bit input/output and pull-up can be programmed. P53/CNTR1 • Interrupt input pins • Timer X, timer Y function pins • Serial I/O function pins P54/SIN P55/SOUT P56/SCLK P57/SRDY P60/XCIN P61/XCOUT I/O port P6 • 5-bit I/O port. • CMOS compatible input level. • CMOS 3-state output structure. P62/TOUT P63/φOUT P64 4 • 1-bit input/output and pull-up can be programmed. • Sub-clock generating circuit I/O pins (Oscillator is connected. External clock cannot be input directly.) Timer 2 output pin System clock φ output MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER PART NUMBERING Product M38C1 3 M 6 - XXX FP Package type FP : 64P6U-A package HP : 64P6Q-A package ROM number Omitted in One Time PROM version. ROM/PROM size 1 : 4096 bytes 2 : 8192 bytes 3 : 12288 bytes 4 : 16384 bytes 5 : 20480 bytes 6 : 24576 bytes 7 : 28672 bytes 8 : 32768 bytes 9 : 36864 bytes A : 40960 bytes B : 45056 bytes C : 49152 bytes D : 53248 bytes E : 57344 bytes F : 61440 bytes The first 128 bytes and the last 2 bytes of ROM are reserved areas ; they cannot be used. Memory type M: Mask ROM version E: One Time PROM version RAM size 0 : 192 bytes 1 : 256 bytes 2 : 384 bytes 3 : 512 bytes 4 : 640 bytes 5 : 768 bytes 6 : 896 bytes 7 : 1024 bytes 8 : 1536 bytes 9 : 2048 bytes Fig. 3 Part numbering 5 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER GROUP EXPANSION Packages Mitsubishi plans to expand the 38C1 group as follows. 64P6Q-A .................................... 0.5 mm-pitch plastic molded QFP 64P6U-A .................................... 0.8 mm-pitch plastic molded QFP Memory Type Support for Mask ROM version, One Time PROM version. Memory Size ROM/PROM size ............................................... 16 K to 24 K bytes RAM size .............................................................. 384 to 512 bytes ROM size (bytes) 48K 32K 28K Under development M38C13M6/E6 24K 20K Under development M38C12M4 16K 12K 8K 4K 192 256 384 512 640 768 896 1024 RAM size (bytes) Products under development or planning :the development schedule and specification may be revised without notice. Fig. 4 Memory expansion plan Currently products are listed below. As of May. 2002 Table 2. List of products Product ROM size (bytes) ROM size for User in ( ) RAM size (bytes) M38C12M4-XXXFP M38C12M4-XXXHP M38C13M6-XXXFP M38C13M6-XXXHP M38C13E6FP M38C13E6HP 16384 (16256) 384 24576 (24446) 512 6 Package 64P6U-A 64P6Q-A 64P6U-A 64P6Q-A 64P6U-A 64P6Q-A Remarks Mask ROM version One Time PROM version (shipped in blank) MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU) [Stack Pointer (S)] The stack pointer is an 8-bit register used during subroutine calls and interrupts. This register indicates start address of stored area (stack) for storing registers during subroutine calls and interrupts. The low-order 8 bits of the stack address are determined by the contents of the stack pointer. The high-order 8 bits of the stack address are determined by the stack page selection bit. If the stack page selection bit is “0” , the high-order 8 bits becomes “0016”. If the stack page selection bit is “1”, the high-order 8 bits becomes “0116”. The operations of pushing register contents onto the stack and popping them from the stack are shown in Figure 6. Store registers other than those described in Figure 6 with program when the user needs them during interrupts or subroutine calls. The 38C1 group uses the standard 740 family instruction set. Refer to the table of 740 family addressing modes and machine instructions or the 740 Family Software Manual for details on the instruction set. Machine-resident 740 family instructions are as follows: The FST and SLW instruction cannot be used. The STP, WIT, MUL, and DIV instruction can be used. [Accumulator (A)] The accumulator is an 8-bit register. Data operations such as data transfer, etc., are executed mainly through the accumulator. [Index Register X (X)] The index register X is an 8-bit register. In the index addressing modes, the value of the OPERAND is added to the contents of register X and specifies the real address. [Program Counter (PC)] The program counter is a 16-bit counter consisting of two 8-bit registers PCH and PCL. It is used to indicate the address of the next instruction to be executed. [Index Register Y (Y)] The index register Y is an 8-bit register. In partial instruction, the value of the OPERAND is added to the contents of register Y and specifies the real address. b0 b7 A Accumulator b0 b7 X Index register X b0 b7 Y b7 Index register Y b0 S b15 b7 PCH Stack pointer b0 Program counter PCL b7 b0 N V T B D I Z C Processor status register (PS) Carry flag Zero flag Interrupt disable flag Decimal mode flag Break flag Index X mode flag Overflow flag Negative flag Fig. 5 740 Family CPU register structure 7 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER On-going Routine Interrupt request (Note) M (S) Execute JSR Push return address on stack M (S) (PCH) (S) (S) – 1 M (S) (PCL) (S) (S)– 1 (S) M (S) (S) M (S) (S) Subroutine POP return address from stack (S) + 1 (PCL) M (S) (S) (S) + 1 (PCH) M (S) (S) – 1 (PCL) Push return address on stack (S) – 1 (PS) Push contents of processor status register on stack (S) – 1 Interrupt Service Routine Execute RTS (S) (PCH) I Flag is set from “0” to “1” Fetch the jump vector Execute RTI Note: Condition for acceptance of an interrupt (S) (S) + 1 (PS) M (S) (S) (S) + 1 (PCL) M (S) (S) (S) + 1 (PCH) M (S) POP contents of processor status register from stack POP return address from stack Interrupt enable flag is “1” Interrupt disable flag is “0” Fig. 6 Register push and pop at interrupt generation and subroutine call Table 3 Push and pop instructions of accumulator or processor status register Push instruction to stack Pop instruction from stack Accumulator PHA PLA Processor status register PHP PLP 8 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER [Processor status register (PS)] The processor status register is an 8-bit register consisting of 5 flags which indicate the status of the processor after an arithmetic operation and 3 flags which decide MCU operation. Branch operations can be performed by testing the Carry (C) flag , Zero (Z) flag, Overflow (V) flag, or the Negative (N) flag. In decimal mode, the Z, V, N flags are not valid. • Bit 0: Carry flag (C) The C flag contains a carry or borrow generated by the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) immediately after an arithmetic operation. It can also be changed by a shift or rotate instruction. • Bit 1: Zero flag (Z) The Z flag is set if the result of an immediate arithmetic operation or a data transfer is “0”, and cleared if the result is anything other than “0”. • Bit 2: Interrupt disable flag (I) The I flag disables all interrupts except for the interrupt generated by the BRK instruction. Interrupts are disabled when the I flag is “1”. • Bit 3: Decimal mode flag (D) The D flag determines whether additions and subtractions are executed in binary or decimal. Binary arithmetic is executed when this flag is “0”; decimal arithmetic is executed when it is “1”. Decimal correction is automatic in decimal mode. Only the ADC and SBC instructions can be used for decimal arithmetic. • Bit 4: Break flag (B) The B flag is used to indicate that the current interrupt was generated by the BRK instruction. The BRK flag in the processor status register is always “0”. When the BRK instruction is used to generate an interrupt, the processor status register is pushed onto the stack with the break flag set to “1”. • Bit 5: Index X mode flag (T) When the T flag is “0”, arithmetic operations are performed between accumulator and memory. When the T flag is “1”, direct arithmetic operations and direct data transfers are enabled between memory locations. • Bit 6: Overflow flag (V) The V flag is used during the addition or subtraction of one byte of signed data. It is set if the result exceeds +127 to -128. When the BIT instruction is executed, bit 6 of the memory location operated on by the BIT instruction is stored in the overflow flag. • Bit 7: Negative flag (N) The N flag is set if the result of an arithmetic operation or data transfer is negative. When the BIT instruction is executed, bit 7 of the memory location operated on by the BIT instruction is stored in the negative flag. Table 4 Set and clear instructions of each bit of processor status register Set instruction Clear instruction C flag Z flag I flag D flag B flag SEC CLC – – SEI CLI SED CLD – – T flag SET CLT V flag – CLV N flag – – 9 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER [CPU Mode Register (CPUM)] 003B16 The CPU mode register contains the stack page selection bit and the internal system clock selection bit. The CPU mode register is allocated at address 003B16. After system is released from reset, the ring oscillator mode is selected, and the X IN –X OUT oscillation and the X CIN –X COUT oscillation are stopped. b7 When the low-, middle- or high-speed mode is used after the XIN– XOUT oscillation and the XCIN–XCOUT oscillation are enabled, wait in the ring oscillator mode until oscillation stabilizes, and then, switch the operation mode. When the middle- and high-speed mode are not used (XIN-X OUT oscillation and external clock input are not performed), connect XIN to VCC through a resistor. b0 CPU mode register (CPUM : address 003B16, initial value: 6816) Processor mode bits b1 b0 0 0 : Single-chip mode 0 1 : 1 0 : Not available 1 1 : Stack page selection bit 0 : 0 page 1 : 1 page Main clock selection bit 0 : XIN input signal (XIN–XOUT oscillating) 1 : Built-in ring oscillator (internal system clock: only frequency divided by 8 is valid.) Port Xc switch bit 0 : I/O port function (Oscillation stop) 1 : XCIN–XCOUT oscillating function XIN–XOUT oscillation stop bit 0 : Oscillating 1 : Stopped Main clock division ratio selection bit (this bit is invalid when ring oscillator is selected.) 0 : f(XIN)/2 (high-speed mode) 1 : f(XIN)/8 (middle-speed mode) Internal system clock selection bit 0 : Main clock selected (middle-/high-speed, ring oscillator mode) 1 : XCIN–XCOUT selected (low-speed mode) Fig. 7 Structure of CPU mode register After releasing reset N Start with a built-in ring oscillator. Initial value of CPUM is 6816. As for the details of condition for transition among each mode, refer to the state transition of system clock. Low-, middle-, or high-speed mode ? Y Start the oscillation (bits 4 and 5 of CPUM) Wait by ring oscillator operation until establishment of oscillator clock System can operate in ring oscillator mode until oscillation stabilize. Select internal system clock (bit 3 or bit 7 of CPUM) Select internal system clock. Do not change bit 3 and bit 7, or bit 6 and bit 7 of CPUM at the same time. Switch the main clock division ratio selection bits (bit 6 of CPUM) Select main clock division ratio. Switch to high-speed mode here, if necessary. Main routine Fig. 8 Switching method of CPU mode register 10 Oscillator starts oscillation. Do not change bit 3, bit 6 and bit 7 of CPUM until oscillation stabilizes. MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER MEMORY Special Function Register (SFR) Area The Special Function Register area in the zero page contains control registers such as I/O ports and timers. RAM RAM is used for data storage and for stack area of subroutine calls and interrupts. Zero Page The 256 bytes from addresses 0000 16 to 00FF 16 are called the zero page area. The internal RAM and the special function registers (SFR) are allocated to this area. The zero page addressing mode can be used to specify memory and register addresses in the zero page area. Access to this area with only 2 bytes is possible in the zero page addressing mode. Special Page ROM The first 128 bytes and the last 2 bytes of ROM are reserved for device testing and the rest is user area for storing programs. Interrupt Vector Area The 256 bytes from addresses FF0016 to FFFF16 are called the special page area. The special page addressing mode can be used to specify memory addresses in the special page area. Access to this area with only 2 bytes is possible in the special page addressing mode. The interrupt vector area contains reset and interrupt vectors. RAM area RAM size (bytes) Address XXXX16 192 00FF16 256 013F16 384 01BF16 512 023F16 640 02BF16 768 033F16 896 03BF16 1024 043F16 1536 063F16 2048 083F16 000016 SFR area Zero page 004016 010016 RAM XXXX16 Reserved area 044016 Not used (Note) ROM area ROM size (bytes) Address YYYY16 Address ZZZZ16 4096 F00016 F08016 YYYY16 Reserved ROM area (128 bytes) 8192 E00016 E08016 12288 D00016 D08016 16384 C00016 C08016 20480 B00016 B08016 24576 A00016 A08016 28672 900016 908016 32768 800016 808016 36864 700016 708016 40960 600016 608016 45056 500016 508016 49152 400016 408016 53248 300016 308016 FFFE16 57344 200016 208016 FFFF16 61440 100016 108016 ZZZZ16 ROM FF0016 FFDC16 Interrupt vector area Special page Reserved ROM area Fig. 9 Memory map diagram 11 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER 000016 Port P0 (P0) 002916 Timer X (low) (TXL) Timer X (high) (TXH) Timer Y (low) (TYL) Timer Y (high) (TYH) Timer 1 (T1) Timer 2 (T2) Timer 3 (T3) Timer X mode register (TXM) Timer Y mode register (TYM) Timer 123 mode register (T123M) 002A16 φ output control register 002016 000116 002116 000216 002216 000316 002316 000416 000516 000616 000716 000816 000916 000A16 000B16 000C16 000D16 Port P2 (P2) Port P2 direction register (P2D) Port P3 (P3) Port P3 direction register (P3D) Port P4, ADKEY pin selection (P4) Port P4 direction register (P4D) Port P5 (P5) Port P5 direction register (P5D) Port P6 (P6) Port P6 direction register (P6D) 002416 002516 002616 002716 002816 002B16 002C16 002D16 000E16 002E16 000F16 002F16 001016 001116 001216 001316 001416 001516 001616 001716 001816 001916 001A16 001B16 001C16 001D16 LCD display register 0(LCD0) LCD display register 1(LCD1) LCD display register 2(LCD2) LCD display register 3(LCD3) LCD display register 4(LCD4) LCD display register 5(LCD5) LCD display register 6(LCD6) LCD display register 7(LCD7) LCD display register 8(LCD8) LCD display register 9(LCD9) LCD display register 10(LCD10) LCD display register 11(LCD11) LCD display register 12(LCD12) Serial I/O control register (SIOCON) 001E16 001F16 Fig. 10 Memory map of special function register (SFR) 12 003016 003116 003216 003316 003416 003516 PULL register A-D control register (ADCON) A-D conversion register (AD) 003616 003716 003916 Segment output enable register (SEG) LCD mode register (LM) 003A16 Interrupt edge selection register (INTEDGE) 003B16 CPU mode register (CPUM) Interrupt request register 1(IREQ1) Interrupt request register 2(IREQ2) Interrupt control register 1(ICON1) Interrupt control register 2(ICON2) 003816 003C16 003D16 003E16 Serial I/O register (SIO) Temporary data register 1 (TD0) Temporary data register 2 (TD1) Temporary data register 3 (TD2) RRF register (RRF) 003F16 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER I/O PORTS Direction Registers (Ports P2–P6) The I/O ports (P2–P6) have direction registers which determine the input/output direction of each individual pin. When “0” is written to the bit corresponding to a pin, that pin becomes an input pin. When “1” is written to that bit, that pin becomes an output pin. If data is read from a pin set to output, the value of the port output latch is read, not the value of the pin itself. Pins set to input are floating. If a pin set to input is written to, only the port output latch is written to and the pin remains floating. Pull-up/Pull-down Control By setting the PULL register (address 003316), I/O ports can control pull-up/pull-down (pins also used as segment output pin: pulldown, other pins: pull-up). Pull-up/pull-down of pins are performed by setting the PULL register to “1”. However, the contents of PULL register does not affect ports programmed as the output ports. Input port P0 and I/O port P2 are pulled-down in the initial state. Also, the pull-down setting is invalid for pins set to segment output with the segment output enable register (address 003816). b7 b0 PULL register (PULL: address 003316, initial value: 0716) P00–P07 pull-down P20–P23 pull-down P24–P27 pull-down P30–P34 pull-up P44–P47 pull-up P50–P53 pull-up P54–P57 pull-up P60–P64 pull-up Note Note: These ports are invalid when selecting SEG. Fig. 11 Structure of PULL register 13 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER Table 5 List of I/O port function Pin Name Input/Output COM0–COM3 Common P00/SEG0– Input Port P0 Input, P07/SEG7 SEG8–/SEG16 Segment Output I/O Format Non-Port Function LCD common output CMOS compatible Related SFRs LCD mode register LCD segment output PULL register individual bits input level CMOS 3-state output Segment output enable register LCD0–LCD3 Output LCD mode register LCD segment output Fig. No. (16) (1) (17) LCD4–LCD8 P20/SEG17– I/O Port P2 P27/SEG24 P30(LED)/KW0– Input/output CMOS compatible LCD segment output individual bits input level I/O Port P3 P34(LED)/KW4 Input/output PULL register CMOS 3-state output LCD8–LCD12 CMOS compatible Key input (key-on wake-up) PULL register individual bits input level (2) Segment output enable register interrupt input Interrupt control register ADKEY input A-D control register (3) CMOS 3-state output AN0/ADKEY0– A-D AN3/ADKEY3 conversion Input Analog input input P44/AN4– I/O Port P4 P47/AN7 (15) P4 data latch Input/output CMOS 3-state output A-D conversion input individual bits CMOS compatible (ADKEY selected) PULL register (4) A-D control register input level P50/INT0, I/O Port P5 P51/INT1 Input/output CMOS 3-state output Interrupt input individual bits CMOS compatible P52/CNTR0 input level P53/CNTR1 PULL register (3) Interrupt edge selection register Timer X function input/output PULL register Timer X mode register Timer Y function input PULL register (5) (6) Timer Y mode register P54/SIN Serial I/O function output P55/SOUT P56/SCLK PULL register (7) Serial I/O control register (8) (9) P57/SRDY P60/XCIN P61/XCOUT P62/TOUT P63/φOUT (10) I/O port P6 Input/output CMOS compatible individual bits input level Sub-clock generating PULL register circuit input/output CPU mode register (11) (12) PULL register (13) Timer X mode register PULL register (14) CMOS 3-state output Timer 2 output φ clock output φ output control register P64 PULL register Notes 1: For details of how to use double function ports as function I/O ports,refer to the applicable sections. 2: When an input level is at an intermediate potential,a current will flow from VCC to VSS through the input-stage gate. Especially, power source current may increase during execution of the STP and WIT instructions. Fix the unused input pins to “H” or “L” through a resistor. 14 (18) MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER (1)Port P0 (2)Port P2 VL2/VL3 VL2/VL3 VL1/VSS Segment output enable bit VL1/VSS Direction register Data bus Data bus Segment output enable bit Port latch Pull-down control Segment output enable bit Pull-down control (3)Port P30–P34, P50, P51 (4)Port P4 Pull-up control Pull-up control Direction register Direction register Data bus Data bus Port latch Analog input pin selection bit Key input (key-on wakeup) interrupt input INT0, INT1 interrupt input (5)Port P52 Port latch A-D conversion input (6)Port P53 Pull-up control Pull-up control Direction register Data bus Direction register Port latch Data bus Timer X operation mode bit (Pulse output mode selected) Timer output Port latch CNTR1 interrupt input CNTR0 interrupt input Fig. 12 Port block diagram (1) 15 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER (7)Port P54 (8)Port P55 Pull-up control Direction register Data bus P55/SOUT P-channel output disable bit Data bus Port latch (9)Port P56 Port latch Serial I/O output Serial I/O input (10)Port P57 Pull-up control Pull-up control Synchronous clock selection bit Serial I/O port selection bit SRDY output selection bit Direction register Serial I/O port selection bit Direction register Data bus Pull-up control Serial I/O transmit end signal Synchronous clock selection bit Serial I/O port selection bit Direction register Data bus Port latch Port latch Serial I/O ready output Serial I/O clock output Serial I/O clock input (11)Port P60 (12)Port P61 Port selection • Pull-up control Port selection • Pull-up control Port Xc switch bit Direction register Port Xc switch bit Direction register Data bus Port latch Data bus Port latch Oscillator Sub-clock generating circuit input Port P60 Port Xc switch bit Fig. 13 Port block diagram (2) 16 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER (13)Port P62 (14)Port P63 Pull-up control Pull-up control Direction register Data bus Port latch TOUT output control bit Timer output (15)AN0/ADKEY0–AN3/ADKEY3 ADKEY selection bit ADKEY enable bit Analog input selection bit A-D conversion input Direction register Data bus Port latch φ output control bit φ (16)COM0–COM3 VL3 VL2 VL1 The gate input signal of each transistor is controlled by the LCD duty ratio and the bias value. (17)SEG8–SEG16 (18)Port P64 Pull-up control VL2/VL3 Direction register VL1/VSS The voltage applied to the sources of Pchannel and N-channel transistors is the controlled voltage by the bias value. Data bus Port latch Fig. 14 Port block diagram (3) 17 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER INTERRUPTS Interrupt Operation Interrupts occur by thirteen sources: five external, seven internal, and one software. By acceptance of an interrupt, the following operations are automatically performed: 1. The contents of the program counter and the processor status register are automatically pushed onto the stack. 2. The interrupt disable flag is set and the corresponding interrupt request bit is cleared. 3. The interrupt jump destination address is read from the vector table into the program counter. Interrupt Control Each interrupt is controlled by an interrupt request bit, an interrupt enable bit, and the interrupt disable flag except for the software interrupt set by the BRK instruction. An interrupt occurs if the corresponding interrupt request and enable bits are “1” and the interrupt disable flag is “0”. Interrupt enable bits can be set or cleared by software. Interrupt request bits can be cleared by software, but cannot be set by software. The BRK instruction cannot be disabled with any flag or bit. The I flag disables all interrupts except the BRK instruction interrupt. When several interrupts occur at the same time, the interrupts are received according to priority. ■ Notes on Interrupts When the active edge of an external interrupt (INT0 , INT1, CNTR0 or CNTR1 ) is set or an interrupt source where several interrupt source is assigned to the same vector address is switched, the corresponding interrupt request bit may also be set. Therefore, take following sequence: (1) Disable the interrupt. (2) Set the interrupt edge selection register (Timer X control register for CNTR0, Timer Y mode register for CNTR1). (3) Clear the set interrupt request bit to “0.” (4) Enable the interrupt. Table 6 Interrupt vector addresses and priority Interrupt Source Priority Vector Addresses (Note 1) High Low Reset (Note 2) INT0 1 2 FFFD16 FFFB16 FFFC16 FFFA16 INT1 3 FFF916 FFF816 Timer X Timer Y Timer 1 Timer 3 CNTR0 4 5 6 7 8 FFF316 FFF116 FFEF16 FFED16 FFEB16 FFF216 FFF016 FFEE16 FFEC16 FFEA16 CNTR1 9 FFE916 FFE816 Timer 2 Serial I/O 10 11 FFE716 FFE316 FFE616 FFE216 Key input (Key-on wake-up) A-D conversion BRK instruction 12 FFE116 FFE016 13 14 FFDF16 FFDD16 FFDE16 FFDC16 Interrupt Request Generating Conditions At reset At detection of either rising or falling edge of INT0 input At detection of either rising or falling edge of INT1 input At timer X underflow At timer Y underflow At timer 1 underflow At timer 3 underflow At detection of either rising or falling edge of CNTR0 input At detection of either rising or falling edge of CNTR1 input At timer 2 underflow At completion of serial I/O data transmission or reception At falling of conjunction of input level for port P3 (at input mode) At completion of A-D conversion At BRK instruction execution Notes1: Vector addresses contain interrupt jump destination addresses. 2: Reset function in the same way as an interrupt with the highest priority. 18 Remarks Non-maskable External interrupt (active edge selectable) External interrupt (active edge selectable) External interrupt (active edge selectable) External interrupt (active edge selectable) External interrupt (valid at falling) Valid when A-D interrupt is selected Non-maskable software interrupt MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER Interrupt request bit Interrupt enable bit Interrupt disable flag (I) Interrupt request BRK instruction Reset Fig. 15 Interrupt control b7 b0 Interrupt edge selection register (INTEDGE : address 003A16, initial value: 0016) INT0 interrupt edge selection bit INT1 interrupt edge selection bit Not used (return “0” when read) 0 : Falling edge active 1 : Rising edge active b7 b0 Interrupt request register 1 (IREQ1 : address 003C16, initial value: 0016) b7 b0 Interrupt request register 2 (IREQ2 : address 003D16, initial value: 0016) CNT R0 interrupt request bit CNT R1 interrupt request bit Timer 2 interrupt request bit Not used (returns “0” when read) Serial I/O interrupt request bit Key input interrupt request bit AD conversion interrupt request bit Not used (returns “0” when read) INT0 interrupt request bit INT1 interrupt request bit Not used (return “0” when read) Timer X interrupt request bit Timer Y interrupt request bit Timer 1 interrupt request bit Timer 3 interrupt request bit 0 : No interrupt request issued 1 : Interrupt request issued b7 b0 Interrupt control register 1 (ICON1 : address 003E16, initial value: 0016) INT0 interrupt enable bit INT1 interrupt enable bit Not used (Do not write “1” to these bits.) Timer X interrupt enable bit Timer Y interrupt enable bit Timer 1 interrupt enable bit Timer 3 interrupt enable bit b7 b0 Interrupt control register 2 (ICON2 : address 003F16, initial value: 0016) CNTR0 interrupt enable bit CNTR1 interrupt enable bit Timer 2 interrupt enable bit Not used (Do not write “1” to this bit) Serial I/O interrupt enable bit Key input interrupt enable bit AD conversion interrupt enable bit Not used (Do not write “1” to this bit) 0 : Interrupts disabled 1 : Interrupts enabled Fig. 16 Structure of interrupt-related registers 19 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER Key Input Interrupt (Key-on Wake Up) A Key-on wake up interrupt request is generated by applying “L” level voltage to any pin of port P3 that have been set to input mode. In other words, it is generated when AND of input level goes from “1” to “0”. An example of using a key input interrupt is shown in Figure 17, where an interrupt request is generated by pressing one of the keys consisted as an active-low key matrix which inputs to ports P30–P33. Port PXx “L” level output PULL register Bit 3 = “1” ✽ ✽✽ Port P34 latch ✽ ✽✽ Port P33 latch Key input interrupt request Port P34 direction register = “1” P34 output P33 input ✽ ✽✽ Port P32 latch Port P33 direction register = “0” Port P32 direction register = “0” P32 input Port P3 input read circuit ✽ ✽✽ Port P31 latch ✽ ✽✽ Port P30 latch P31 input P30 input Port P31 direction register = “0” Port P30 direction register = “0” ✽ P-channel transistor for pull-up ✽ ✽ CMOS output buffer Fig. 17 Connection example when using key input control register, key input interrupt and port P3 block diagram 20 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER TIMERS Read and write operation on 16-bit timer must be performed for both high- and low-order bytes. When reading a 16-bit timer, read the high-order byte first. When writing to a 16-bit timer, write the low-order byte first. The 16-bit timer cannot perform the correct operation when reading during the write operation, or when writing during the read operation. The 38C1 group has five timers: timer X, timer Y, timer 1, timer 2, and timer 3. Timer X and timer Y are 16-bit timers, and timer 1, timer 2, and timer 3 are 8-bit timers. All timers are down count timers. When the timer reaches “0”, an underflow occurs at the next count pulse and the corresponding timer latch is reloaded into the timer and the count is continued. When a timer underflows, the interrupt request bit corresponding to that timer is set to “1”. Data bus φSOURCE/16 φSOURCE P52/CNTR0 Count source selection bit (Note 1) "0" Timer X stop control bit Timer X operating mode bits “00”,“01”,“11” (Note 2)"1" CNTR0 edge switch bit "0" Timer X write control bit Timer X (low) latch (8) Timer X (high) latch (8) Timer X (low) (8) "10" "1" Pulse width measurement mode CNTR0 active edge switch bit "0" CNTR0 interrupt request Pulse output mode Q S Timer Y operating mode bits “00”,“01”,“10” T "1" Q P52 direction register Pulse width HL continuously measurement mode Rising edge detection P52 latch Pulse output mode Falling edge detection φSOURCE/16 P53/CNTR1 CNTR1 active edge switch bit "0" "10" φSOURCE/16 Period measurement mode Timer Y (low) latch (8) Timer Y (high) latch (8) Timer Y (low) (8) Timer Y (high) (8) Timer Y operating mode bits (Note 1) Timer 1 count source selection bit (Note 1) "0" Timer 1 latch (8) Timer 2 count source selection bit (Note 1) Timer 2 latch (8) "0" Timer 1 (8) f(XCIN) Timer 2 write control bit Timer 2 (8) "1" φSOURCE/16 "1" TOUT output edge switch bit "0" P62 latch Timer Y interrupt request Timer 1 interrupt request Timer 2 interrupt request TOUT output control bit QS P62/TOUT P62 direction register "11" CNTR1 interrupt request Timer Y stop control bit "00","01","11" "1" Timer X interrupt request Timer X (high) (8) T "1" Q "0" TOUT output control bit Timer 3 latch (8) Timer 3 (8) f(XIN)/16 "1" Timer 3 count source selection bit (Note 1) Timer 3 interrupt request φSOURCE: represents the supply source of internal clock φ. It is the oscillation frequency of XIN input in the middle- and high-speed mode, built-in ring oscillator in the ring oscillator mode, and sub-clock in the low-speed mode. Notes 1: Internal clock in the low-speed mode is the sub-clock oscillation/2. Internal clock in the ring oscillator mode is the internal ring oscillator oscillation/8. Except CNTR input, timer 1 and timer 3 count sources, the clock except system clock cannot be used as the count source. 2: φSOURCE can be selected as the timer X count source only in the pulse output mode. Write “0” to the count source selection bit except in the pulse output mode. Fig. 18 Timer block diagram 21 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER Timer X Timer X is a 16-bit timer that can be selected in one of four modes and can be controlled the timer X write and the real time port by setting the timer X mode register. (1) Timer mode The timer counts the followings; • f(X IN) (input frequency to X IN pin) divided by 16 in middle-, or high-speed mode • f(X CIN) (sub-clock oscillation frequency) divided by 16 in lowspeed mode • f(XROSC) (built-in ring oscillator oscillation frequency) divided by 16 in ring oscillator mode ●Timer X Write Control If the timer X write control bit is “0”, when the value is written in the address of timer X, the value is loaded in the timer X and the latch at the same time. If the timer X write control bit is “1”, when the value is written in the address of timer X, the value is loaded only in the latch. The value in the latch is loaded in timer X after timer X underflows. If the value is written in latch only, when the value is written in latch at the timer underflow, the value is loaded in the timer X and the latch at the same time. Also, unexpected value may be set in the high-order counter when the writing in high-order latch and the underflow of timer X are performed at the same timing. ■Note on CNTR0 interrupt active edge selection (2) Pulse output mode Each time the timer underflows, a signal output from the CNTR0 pin is inverted and f(XIN), f(R OSC) or f(X CIN) can be selected for the count source. Except for them, the operation in pulse output mode is the same as in timer mode. When using a timer in this mode, set the corresponding port P52 direction register to output mode. (3) Event counter mode The timer counts signals input through the CNTR0 pin. Except for this, the operation in event counter mode is the same as in timer mode. When using a timer in this mode, set the corresponding port P52 direction register to input mode. CNTR0 interrupt active edge depends on the CNTR0 active edge switch bit. ■Note on count source selection bit Except the pulse output mode, write “0” to the count source selection bit. When the timer X count source selection bit is set to “1”, as for the recommended operating condition of the main clock input frequency f(XIN), the rating value at the high-speed mode is applied. ■Note on interrupt in pulse output mode When the count source selection bit is “1” in the pulse output mode, the timing when the timer X interrupt request occurs may be early or lately for one instruction cycle. (4) Pulse width measurement mode The count source is f(XIN)/16 in the middle-, or high-speed mode, f(ROSC)/16 in ring oscillator mode, and f(XCIN)/16 in the low-speed mode. If CNTR 0 active edge switch bit is “0”, the timer counts while the input signal of CNTR0 pin is at “H”. If it is “1”, the timer counts while the input signal of CNTR0 pin is at “L”. When using a timer in this mode, set the corresponding port P52 direction register to input mode. b7 b0 Timer X mode register (TXM : address 002716, initial value: 0016) Timer X write control bit 0 : Write value in latch and timer 1 : Write value in latch only Count source selection bit (Note) 0 : φSOURCE/16 1 : φSOURCE (this can be used only in pulse output mode.) Not used (Do not write “1” to these bits.) Timer X operating mode bits b5 b4 0 0 : Timer mode 0 1 : Pulse output mode 1 0 : Event counter mode 1 1 : Pulse width measurement mode CNT R0 active edge switch bit 0 : Count at rising edge in event counter mode Start from “H” output in pulse output mode Measure “H” pulse width in pulse width measurement mode Falling edge active for interrupt 1 : Count at falling edge in event counter mode Start from “L” output in pulse output mode Measure “L” pulse width in pulse width measurement mode Rising edge active for interrupt Timer X stop control bit 0 : Count start 1 : Count stop Note: φSOURCE represents the oscillation frequency of XIN input in the middle- and high-speed mode, built-in ring oscillator in the ring oscillator mode, and sub-clock in the low-speed mode. Do not write “1” to the count source selection bit except the pulse output mode. Fig. 19 Structure of timer X mode register 22 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER Timer Y Timer Y is a 16-bit timer that can be selected in one of four modes. (1) Timer mode The timer counts the followings; • f(XIN)/16 in middle-, or high-speed mode • f(XCIN)/16 in low-speed mode • f(XROSC) divided by 16 in ring oscillator mode (2) Period measurement mode CNTR 1 interrupt request is generated at rising/falling edge of CNTR1 pin input signal. Simultaneously, the value in timer Y latch is reloaded in timer Y and timer Y continues counting down. Except for the above-mentioned, the operation in period measurement mode is the same as in timer mode. The timer value just before the reloading at rising/falling of CNTR1 pin input signal is retained until the timer Y is read once after the reload. The rising/falling timing of CNTR 1 pin input signal is found by CNTR1 interrupt. When using a timer in this mode, set the corresponding port P53 direction register to input mode. b7 b0 Timer Y mode register (TYM : address 002816, initial value: 0016) Not used (returns “0” when read) (Do not write “1” to these bits.) Timer Y operating mode bits b5 b4 0 0 : Timer mode 0 1 : Period measurement mode 1 0 : Event counter mode 1 1 : Pulse width HL continuously measurement mode CNTR1 active edge switch bit 0 : Count at rising edge in event counter mode Measure the falling edge to falling edge period in period measurement mode Falling edge active for CNTR1 interrupt 1 : Count at falling edge in event counter mode Measure the rising edge period in period measurement mode Rising edge active for CNTR1 interrupt Timer Y stop control bit 0 : Count start 1 : Count stop Fig. 20 Structure of timer Y mode register (3) Event counter mode The timer counts signals input through the CNTR1 pin. Except for this, the operation in event counter mode is the same as in timer mode. When using a timer in this mode, set the corresponding port P53 direction register to input mode. (4) Pulse width HL continuously measurement mode CNTR1 interrupt request is generated at both rising and falling edges of CNTR1 pin input signal. Except for this, the operation in pulse width HL continuously measurement mode is the same as in period measurement mode. When using a timer in this mode, set the corresponding port P53 direction register to input mode. ■Note on CNTR1 interrupt active edge selection CNTR1 interrupt active edge depends on the CNTR1 active edge switch bit. However, in pulse width HL continuously measurement mode, CNTR 1 interrupt request is generated at both rising and falling edges of CNTR1 pin input signal regardless of the setting of CNTR1 active edge switch bit. 23 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER Timer 1, Timer 2, Timer 3 Timer 1, timer 2, and timer 3 are 8-bit timers. The count source for each timer can be selected by timer 123 mode register. The timer latch value is not affected by a change of the count source. However, because changing the count source may cause an inadvertent count down of the timer. Therefore, rewrite the value of timer whenever the count source is changed. ●Timer 2 Write Control If the timer 2 write control bit is “0”, when the value is written in the address of timer 2, the value is loaded in the timer 2 and the latch at the same time. If the timer 2 write control bit is “1”, when the value is written in the address of timer 2, the value is loaded only in the latch. The value in the latch is loaded in timer 2 after timer 2 underflows. ●Timer 2 Output Control When the timer 2 (T OUT) is output enabled, an inversion signal from pin TOUT is output each time timer 2 underflows. In this case, set the port P62 shared with the port TOUT to the output mode. b7 b0 Timer 123 mode register (T123M :address 002916, initial value: 0016) TOUT output active edge switch bit 0 : Start at “H” output 1 : Start at “L” output TOUT output control bit 0 : TOUT output disabled 1 : TOUT output enabled Timer 2 write control bit 0 : Write data in latch and counter 1 : Write data in latch only Timer 2 count source selection bit (Note) 0 : Timer 1 output 1 : φSOURCE/16 Timer 3 count source selection bit 0 : Timer 1 output 1 : f(XIN)/16 Timer 1 count source selection bit (Note) 0 : φSOURCE/16 1 : f(XCIN) Not used (Do not write “1” to these bits.) Note: φSOURCE represents the oscillation frequency of XIN input in the middle- and high-speed mode, built-in ring oscillator in the ring oscillator mode, and sub-clock in the low-speed mode. ■Note on Timer 1 to Timer 3 When the count source of timers 1 to 3 is changed, the timer counting value may be changed large because a thin pulse is generated in count input of timer. If timer 1 output is selected as the count source of timer 2 or timer 3, when timer 1 is written, the counting value of timer 2 or timer 3 may be changed large because a thin pulse is generated in timer 1 output. Therefore, set the value of timer in the order of timer 1, timer 2 and timer 3 after the count source selection of timer 1 to 3. 24 Fig. 21 Structure of timer 123 mode register MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER Serial I/O b7 b0 Serial I/O control register (SIOCON : address 001D16, initial value: 0016) The serial I/O function can be used only for clock synchronous serial I/O. For clock synchronous serial I/O, the transmitter and the receiver must use the same clock. When the internal clock is used, transfer is started by a write signal to the serial I/O register. Internal synchronous clock select bits b2 b1 b0 0 0 0: f(XIN)/8 0 0 1: f(XIN)/16 0 1 0: f(XIN)/32 0 1 1: f(XIN)/64 1 0 0: Do not set 1 0 1: 1 1 0: f(XIN)/128 1 1 1: f(XIN)/256 [Serial I/O Control Register (SIOCON)] 001D16 The serial I/O control register contains 8 bits which control various serial I/O functions. Serial I/O port selection bit 0: I/O port 1: SOUT,SCLK signal output ■ Notes on Serial I/O Write data to the serial I/O register only when the SCLK pin is “H”. P55/SOUT P-channel output disable bit 0: CMOS output (in output mode) 1: N-channel open-drain output (in output mode) Transfer direction selection bit 0: LSB first 1: MSB first Synchronous clock selection bit 0: External clock 1: Internal clock SRDY output selection bit 0: I/O port P57 1: SRDY signal output Note: φSOURCE represents the oscillation frequency of XIN input in the middle- and high-speed mode, built-in ring oscillator in the ring oscillator mode, and sub-clock in the low-speed mode. Fig. 22 Structure of serial I/O control register 1/8 Internal synchronous clock select bits Data bus Divider 1/16 φSOURCE P57 latch 1/64 1/128 1/256 Synchronous clock selection bit "1" (Note) P57/SRDY 1/32 SCLK Synchronous circuit "0" External clock P56 latch "0" P56/SCLK (Note) "1" Serial I/O counter (3) Serial I/O interrupt request P55 latch "0" P55/SOUT "1" Serial I/O port selection bit Serial I/O register (8) P54/SIN Note: It is selected by the synchronous clock selection bit, the SRDY output selection bit, and the serial I/O port selection bit. Fig. 23 Block diagram of serial I/O function 25 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER Transfer clock (Note 1) Serial I/O register write signal (Note 2) Serial I/O output SOUT D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 Serial I/O input SIN Serial I/O interrupt request bit set Notes 1: When the internal clock is selected as the transfer clock, the divide ratio can be selected by setting bits 0 to 2 of the serial I/O control register. 2: When the internal clock is selected as the transfer clock, the SOUT pin goes to high impedance after transfer completion. When the external clock is selected as the transfer clock, a content of the serial I/O shift register is continued to shift during inputting a transfer clock. The SOUT pin does not go to high impedance after transfer completion. Fig. 24 Timing of serial I/O function 26 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER A-D CONVERTER Comparator and Control Circuit The functional blocks of the A-D converter are described below. The comparator and control circuit compare an analog input voltage with the comparison voltage and store the result in the A-D conversion register. When an A-D conversion is completed, the control circuit sets the AD conversion completion bit and the AD interrupt request bit to “1”. The comparator is constructed linked to a capacitor. The conversion accuracy may be low because the charge is lost if the conversion speed is not enough. Accordingly, set f(XIN) to at least 500kHz during A-D conversion in the middle- or high-speed mode. Also, do not execute the STP and WIT instructions during the A-D conversion. In the low-speed mode, since the A-D conversion is executed by the built-in self-oscillation circuit, the minimum value of f(XIN) frequency is not limited. ● A-D Converter The conversion method of this A-D converter is the 8-bit resolution successive comparison method. This A-D converter has the ADKEY function for A-D conversion of “L” level analog input to ADKEY pin automatically. [A-D Conversion Register (AD)] 003516 The A-D conversion register is a read-only register that contains the result of an A-D conversion. When reading this register during an A-D conversion, the previous conversion result is read. After power on or system is released from reset, the value is undefined. [A-D Control Register (ADCON)] 003416 The A-D control register controls the A-D conversion process. Bits 0 to 2 of this register select specific analog input pins. Bit 3 signals the completion of an A-D conversion. The value of this bit remains at “0” during an A-D conversion, then changes to “1” when the AD conversion is completed. Writing “0” to this bit starts the A-D conversion. Bit 4 enables the ADKEY function. Writing “1” to this bit enables the ADKEY function. When this function is set to be valid, the analog input pin selection bits are invalid. Also, when the bit 4 is “1”, do not write “0” to bit 3 by program. b7 b0 A-D control register (ADCON : address 003416, initial value: 0816) Analog input pin selection bits 0 0 0 : A N0 0 0 1 : A N1 0 1 0 : A N2 0 1 1 : A N3 1 0 0 : A N4 1 0 1 : A N5 1 1 0 : A N6 1 1 1 : A N7 AD conversion completion bit 0 : Conversion in progress 1 : Conversion completed ADKEY enable bit (Note) 0 : Disabled 1 : Enabled Not used (returns “0” when read) (Do not write “1” to these bits.) Resistor ladder The resistor ladder divides the voltage between VCC and VSS by 256, and outputs the comparison voltages to the comparator. Channel Selector The channel selector selects one of the input ports AN7–AN0. Note: When the ADKEY enable bit is “1”, analog input selection bit is invalid. Do not execute the A-D conversion while ADKEY is enabled. Even if ADKEY is enabled, values of bits 0 to 2 of ADCON are not affected. Fig. 25 Structure of A-D control register Data bus b7 b0 A-D control register ADKEY control circuit 3 Channel selector A-D control circuit AN0/ADKEY0 AN1/ADKEY1 AN2/ADKEY2 AN3/ADKEY3 P44/AN4 P45/AN5 P46/AN6 P47/AN7 Comparator A-D interrupt request A-D conversion register 8 Resistor ladder VSS VCC Fig. 26 A-D converter block diagram 27 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER ADKEY Control Circuit The ADKEY function is the function for A-D conversion of the “L” level analog input voltage input to the ADKEY pin automatically. This function can be used also in the state of STP and WIT. • ADKEY Selection Two or more ADKEY pins can be selected by the low-order 4 bits of P4 data register. If “L” level input to an ADKEY pin is detected, other bits are set to “0” and only the corresponding ADKEY selection bit is set to “1”. As a result, the pin with “L” level input can be recognized. b7 b0 P4 data register (Address 000816, initial value: 0016) P4 ADKEY0 selection bit 0: Invalid 1: Valid ADKEY1 selection bit 0: Invalid 1: Valid ADKEY2 selection bit 0: Invalid 1: Valid ADKEY3 selection bit 0: Invalid 1: Valid P44–P47 data latch • ADKEY Enable The ADKEY function is enabled by writing “1” to the ADKEY enable bit. Surely, in order to enable ADKEY functin, set “1” to the ADKEY enable bit, after selecting the ADKEY pin. ADKEY becomes disabled automatically after the A-D conversion end by the ADKEY function. When the ADKEY enable bit of the AD control register is “1”, the analog input pin selection bits become invalid. Please do not write “0” in the AD conversion completion bit by the program during ADKEY enabled state. [ADKEY Control Circuit] The pins which performs A-D conversion is selected with the ranking of ADKEY0, ADKEY1, ADKEY2, and ADKEY3 when there is an “L” level input simultaneously to two or more valid ADKEY pins. In order to obtain a more exact conversion result, by the A-D conversion with ADKEY, execute the following; ➀ set the input to the ADKEY pin into a steep falling waveform, ➁ stabilize the input voltage within 8 clock cycle (1 µs at f(XIN) = 8MHz) after the input voltage is under VIL, and ➂ maintain the input voltage until the completion of the A-D conversion. The threshold voltage with an actual ADKEY pin is the voltage between VIH-VIL. In order not to make ADKEY operation perform superfluously in a noise etc., in the state of the waiting for an input, set the voltage of an ADKEY pin to VIH (0.9VCC) or more. When the following operations are performed, the A-D conversion operation cannot be guaranteed. • When the CPU mode register is operated during A-D conversion operation, • When the AD conversion control register is operated during A-D conversion operation, • When STP or WIT instructin is executed during A-D conversion operation, • When the ADKEY pin selection bit is operated during A-D conversion operation at selecting ADKEY function, and • Return operation by reset, STOP or WIT under A-D conversion operation at selecting ADKEY function is performed. 28 Note; ADKEY pin is selected by port P4 data register. The priority of ADKEY0–ADKEY3 is as follows; ADKEY0>ADKEY1>ADKEY2>ADKEY3 Fig. 27 Structure of ADKEY pin selection bits MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER Definition of A-D converter accuracy The A-D conversion accuracy is defined below (refer to Figure 28). • Relative accuracy ➀ Zero transition voltage (V0T) This means an analog input voltage when the actual A-D conversion output data changes from “0” to “1.” ➁ Full-scale transition voltage (VFST) This means an analog input voltage when the actual A-D conversion output data changes from “255” to ”254.” ➂ Linearity error This means a deviation from the line between V0T and VFST of a converted value between V0T and VFST. ➃ Differential non-linearity error This means a deviation from the input potential difference required to change a converter value between V0T and VFST by 1 LSB at the relative accuracy. Output data • Absolute accuracy This means a deviation from the ideal characteristics between 0 to VREF (VCC in 38C1 Group) of actual A-D conversion characteristics. Vn: Analog input voltage when the output data changes from “n” to “n+1” (n = 0 to 254) • 1LSB at relative accuracy → VFST–V0T 254 • 1LSB at absolute accuracy → VREF* 256 (V) (V) * VREF = VCC in the 38C1 Group. Full-scale transition voltage (VFST) 255 254 Differential non-linearity error = b–a [LSB] a c Linearity error = [LSB] a b a n+1 n Actual A-D conversion characteristics c a: 1LSB by relative accuracy b: Vn+1–Vn c: Difference between ideal Vn and actual Vn Ideal line of A-D conversion between V0–V254 1 0 V0 V1 Zero transition voltage (V0T) Vn Vn+1 V254 Analog voltage VREF (VCC) Fig. 28 Definition of A-D conversion accuracy 29 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER the segment output enable register and the LCD display register, the LCD drive control circuit starts reading the display data automatically, performs the bias control and the duty ratio control, and displays the data on the LCD panel. LCD DRIVE CONTROL CIRCUIT The 38C1 group has the built-in Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) drive control circuit consisting of the following. LCD display register Segment output enable register LCD mode register Selector Timing controller Common driver Segment driver Bias control circuit A maximum of 25 segment output pins and 4 common output pins can be used. Up to 100 pixels can be controlled for LCD display. When the LCD enable bit is set to “1” after data is set in the LCD mode register, • • • • • • • • b7 Table 7. Maximum number of display pixels at each duty ratio Duty ratio 1 2 3 4 Maximum number of display pixel 25 dots or 8 segment LCD 3 digits 50 dots or 8 segment LCD 6 digits 75 dots or 8 segment LCD 9 digits 100 dots or 8 segment LCD 12 digits b0 Segment output enable register (SEG : address 003816, initial value: 0016) Segment output enable bit 0 b3b2b1b0 0 0 0 0 : SEG8–SEG16 Enabled 0 0 0 1 : SEG4–SEG16 Enabled 0 0 1 0 : SEG2–SEG16 Enabled 0 0 1 1 : SEG1–SEG16 Enabled 0 1 ✕✕ : SEG0–SEG16 Enabled 1 0 0 0 : SEG0–SEG17 Enabled 1 0 0 1 : SEG0–SEG18 Enabled 1 0 1 0 : SEG0–SEG19 Enabled 1 0 1 1 : SEG0–SEG20 Enabled 1 1 0 0 : SEG0–SEG21 Enabled 1 1 0 1 : SEG0–SEG22 Enabled 1 1 1 0 : SEG0–SEG23 Enabled 1 1 1 1 : SEG0–SEG24 Enabled Not used (Do not write “1” to these bits) b7 (Note 1) b0 LCD mode register (LM : address 003916, initial value: 0016 ) Duty ratio selection bits b1b0 0 0 : 1 duty (static) 0 1 : 2 duty 1 0 : 3 duty 1 1 : 4 duty Bias control bit (Note 2) 0 : 1/3 bias 1 : 1/2 bias LCD enable bit 0 : LCD OFF 1 : LCD ON Not used (Do not write “1” to this bit.) LCD circuit divider division ratio selection bits b6b5 0 0 : Clock input 0 1 : 2 division of Clock input 1 0 : 4 division of Clock input 1 1 : 8 division of Clock input LCDCK count source selection bit (Note 3) 0 : f(XCIN)/32 1 : φSOURCE/8192 Notes 1: Set the direction register of the port which is also used as the segment output enabled pin to “1”. 2: When “1 duty” is selected by the duty ratio selection bit, set the bias control bit to “1”. 3: LCDCK is a clock for a LCD timing controller. φSOURCE represents the oscillation frequency of XIN input in the middle- and high-speed mode, built-in ring oscillator in the ring oscillator mode, and sub-clock in the low-speed mode. Fig. 29 Structure of segment output enable register and LCD mode register 30 P26/SEG23 P27/SEG24 P00/SEG0 P01/SEG1 P02/SEG2 P03/SEG3 SEG16 Segment Segment driver driver Segment Segment Segment Segment driver driver driver driver VSS VL1 VL2 VL3 2 COM0 COM1 COM2 COM3 Common Common Common Common driver driver driver driver Timing controller 2 LCDCK LCD divider "1" "0" φsource/8192 f(XCIN)/32 LCDCK count source selection bit Note: According to the operation mode, φsource indicates the oscillation frequency shown below; • In middle- or high-speed mode: XIN input, • In ring oscillator mode: built-in ring oscillator, and • In low-speed mode: oscillation frequency of sub-clock. Duty ratio selection bits LCD circuit divider division ratio selection bits LCD enable bit Bias control bit Bias control LCD display register Selector Selector Address 001116 Selector Selector Selector Selector Address 001016 Data bus MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER Fig. 30 Block diagram of LCD controller/driver 31 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER Bias Control and Applied Voltage to LCD Power Input Pins To the LCD power input pins (VL1–VL3), apply the voltage shown in Table 8 according to the bias value. Select a bias value by the bias control bit (bit 2 of the LCD mode register). Common Pin and Duty Ratio Control The common pins (COM0–COM3) to be used are determined by duty ratio. Select duty ratio by the duty ratio selection bits (bits 0 and 1 of the LCD mode register). When the LCD enable bit is “0”, the output of COM0–COM3 is “L” level. Table 8. Bias control and applied voltage to VL1–VL3 Bias value 1/3 bias 1/2 bias 1/1 bias (static) Voltage value VL3=VLCD VL2=2/3 VLCD VL1=1/3 VLCD VL3=VLCD VL2=VL1=1/2 VLCD VL3=VLCD VL2=VL1=1/2 VSS Note : V LCD is the maximum value of supplied voltage for the LCD panel. Table 9. Duty ratio control and common pins used Duty ratio Duty ratio selection bits 1 2 Bit 1 0 0 Bit 0 0 1 3 4 1 1 0 1 Common pins used COM0 (Note 1) COM0, COM1 (Note 2) COM0–COM2 (Note 3) COM0–COM3 Notes 1: Set COM1, COM2 and COM3 to be open. 2: Set COM2 and COM3 to be open. 3: Set COM3 to be open. Contrast control Contrast control VL3 VL3 R1 VL3 R4 VL2 VL2 VL2 R2 VL1 VL1 1/3 bias R1 = R2 = R3 Fig. 31 Example of circuit at each bias 32 VL1 R5 R3 1/2 bias R4 = R5 1/1 bias (static) MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER LCD Display register f(LCDCK)= Address 001016 to 001C16 is the LCD display register. When “1” are written to these addresses, the corresponding segments of the LCD display panel are turned on. (frequency of count source for LCDCK) (divider division ratio for LCD) Frame frequency= f(LCDCK) duty ratio LCD Drive Timing The LCDCK timing frequency (LCD drive timing) is generated internally and the frame frequency can be determined with the following equation; Bits 7 Address 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 COM1 COM0 001016 SEG1 SEG0 001116 SEG3 SEG2 001216 SEG5 SEG4 001316 SEG7 SEG6 001416 SEG9 SEG8 001516 SEG11 SEG10 001616 SEG13 SEG12 001716 SEG15 SEG14 001816 SEG17 SEG16 001916 SEG19 SEG18 001A16 SEG21 SEG20 001B16 SEG23 SEG22 001C16 – COM3 COM2 SEG24 COM1 COM0 COM3 COM2 Fig. 32 LCD display register map 33 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER Internal logic LCDCK timing 1/4 duty Voltage level VL3 VL2=VL1 VSS COM0 COM1 COM2 COM3 VL3 VSS SEG0 OFF COM3 ON COM2 COM1 OFF COM0 COM3 ON COM2 COM1 COM0 1/3 duty VL3 VL2=VL1 VSS COM0 COM1 COM2 VL3 VSS SEG0 ON OFF COM0 COM2 ON COM1 OFF COM0 COM2 ON COM1 OFF COM0 COM2 1/2 duty VL3 VL2=VL1 VSS COM0 COM1 VL3 VSS SEG0 ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF COM1 COM0 COM1 COM0 COM1 COM0 COM1 COM0 1/1 duty (1/1 bias) COM0 VL3 VL2=VL1=VSS SEG0 VL3 VSS OFF Fig. 33 LCD drive waveform (1/2 bias, 1/1 bias) 34 ON MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER Internal logic LCDCK timing 1/4 duty Voltage level VL3 VL2 VL1 VSS COM0 COM1 COM2 COM3 VL3 SEG0 VSS OFF COM3 ON COM2 COM1 OFF COM0 COM3 ON COM2 COM1 COM0 1/3 duty VL3 VL2 VL1 VSS COM0 COM1 COM2 VL3 SEG0 VSS ON OFF COM0 COM2 ON COM1 OFF COM0 COM2 ON COM1 OFF COM0 COM2 1/2 duty VL3 VL2 VL1 VSS COM0 COM1 VL3 SEG0 VSS ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF COM1 COM0 COM1 COM0 COM1 COM0 COM1 COM0 Fig. 34 LCD drive waveform (1/3 bias) 35 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER OTHER FUNCTION REGISTERS ● φ clock output function The internal clock φ can be output from port P63 by setting the φ output control register. At φ clock output, set “1” to the bit 3 of the port P6 direction register. b7 b0 φ output control register (CKOUT: address 002A16, initial value: 0016) φ output control bit 0 0 : Port function 0 1 : φ frequency signal output 1 0 : XCIN frequency signal output 1 1 : Not available Not used (returns “0” when read) (Do not write “1” to this bit) Fig. 35 Structure of clock output control register ● Temporary data register The temporary data register (addresses 002C16 to 002E16) is the 8-bit register and does not have the control function. It can be used to store data temporarily. It is initialized after reset. b7 b0 ● RRF register The RRF register (address 002F16) is the 8-bit register and does not have the control function. As for the value written in this register, high-order 4 bits and loworder 4 bits interchange. It is initialized after reset. Temporary data registers 0, 1, 2 (TD0, TD1, TD2: address 002C16, 002D16, 002E16, initial value: 0016) DB0 data stored DB1 data stored DB2 data stored DB3 data stored DB4 data stored DB5 data stored DB6 data stored DB7 data stored b7 b0 RRF register (RRFR: address 002F16, initial value: 0016) DB4 data stored DB5 data stored DB6 data stored DB7 data stored DB0 data stored DB1 data stored DB2 data stored DB3 data stored Fig. 36 Structure of temporary data register, RRF register 36 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER RESET CIRCUIT Power on To reset the microcomputer, RESET pin should be held at an “L” level for 2 µs or more. Then the RESET pin is returned to an “H” level (the power source voltage should be between VCC(min.) and 5.5 V), reset is released. After the reset is completed, the program starts from the address contained in address FFFD16 (high-order byte) and address FFFC16 (low-order byte). Make sure that the reset input voltage is less than 0.2 VCC for VCC of VCC (min.). RESET VCC Power source voltage 0V (Note) Reset input voltage 0.2 VCC 0V Note: Reset release voltage VCC = 3.0 V VCC RESET Power source voltage detection circuit Fig. 37 Example of reset circuit ROSC φ RESET Internal reset Reset address from vector table ? Address Data ? ? ? FFFC ADL FFFD ADH, ADL ADH SYNC ROSC: about 35 clock cycles Notes 1 : f(ROSC) and φ are in the relationship : f(ROSC) = 8•f(φ) 2 : A question mark (?) indicates an undefined status that depends on the previous status. Fig. 38 Reset Sequence 37 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER Address Register contents (1) Port P2 direction register 000516 0016 (2) Port P3 direction register 000716 0016 (3) Port P4 direction register 000916 0016 (4) Port P5 direction register 000B16 0016 (5) Port P6 direction register 000D16 0016 (6) Serial I/O control register 001D16 0016 (7) Timer X (low) 002016 FF16 (8) Timer X (high) 002116 FF16 (9) Timer Y (low) 002216 FF16 (10) Timer Y (high) 002316 FF16 (11) Timer 1 002416 1016 (12) Timer 2 002516 FF16 (13) Timer 3 002616 FF16 (14) Timer X mode register 002716 0016 (15) Timer Y mode register 002816 0016 (16) Timer 123 mode register 002916 0016 (17) φ output control register 002A16 0016 (18) Temporary data register 0 002C16 0016 (19) Temporary data register 1 002D16 0016 (20) Temporary data register 2 002E16 0016 (21) RRF register 002F16 0016 (22) PULL register 003316 0716 (23) A-D control register 003416 0816 (24) Segment output enable register 003816 0016 (25) LCD mode register 003916 0016 (26) Interrupt edge selection register 003A16 0016 (27) CPU mode register 003B16 6816 (28) Interrupt request register 1 003C16 0016 (29) Interrupt request register 2 003D16 0016 (30) Interrupt control register 1 003E16 0016 (31) Interrupt control register 2 003F16 0016 (32) Processor status register (33) Program counter (PS) ✕ ✕ ✕ ✕ ✕ 1 ✕ ✕ (PCH) Contents of address FFFD16 (PCL) Contents of address FFFC16 Note: The contents of all other registers and RAM are undefined after reset, so they must be initialized by software. ✕ : Undefined Fig. 39 Internal state of microcomputer immediately after reset 38 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER CLOCK GENERATING CIRCUIT The oscillation circuit of 38C1 group can be formed by connecting an oscillator, capacitor and resistor between XIN and XOUT (XCIN and XCOUT). To supply a clock signal externally, input it to the XIN pin and make the XOUT pin open. The clocks that are externally generated cannot be directly input to XCIN. Use the circuit constants in accordance with the oscillator manufacturer's recommended values. No external resistor is needed between XIN and XOUT since a feed-back resistor exists on-chip. However, a 10 MΩ external feed-back resistor is needed between XCIN and XCOUT. Immediately after reset is released, only the built-in ring oscillator starts oscillating, XIN -XOUT oscillation stops oscillating, and XCIN and XCOUT pins function as I/O ports. Oscillation Control (1) Stop mode The internal clock φ is the built-in ring oscillator oscillation divided by 8. Set the timer 1 interrupt enable bit to disabled (“0”) before executing the STP instruction. If the STP instruction is executed, the internal clock φ stops at an “H” level, and main clock, ring oscillator and sub-clock oscillators stop. In this time, “0116” is set to timer 1 and the ring oscillator is connected forcibly for the system clock and the timer 1 count source. Also, the bits of the timer 123 mode register except bit 4 are cleared to “0”. When an external interrupt is received, the clock oscillated before stop mode and the ring oscillator start oscillating. However, bit 3 of CPUM is set to “1” forcibly and system returns to the ring oscillator mode. Tthe internal clock φ is supplied to the CPU after timer 1 underflows. However, when the system clock is switched from the ring oscillator to main clock and sub-clock, generate the wait time enough for oscillation stabilizing by program. (2) Middle-speed mode (2) Wait mode Operation mode (1) Ring oscillator mode The internal clock φ is the frequency of XIN divided by 8. (3)High-speed mode The internal clock φ is half the frequency of XIN. (4) Low-speed mode If the WIT instruction is executed, only the internal clock φ stops at an “H” level. The states of main clock, ring oscillator and sub-clock are the same as the state before the executing the WIT instruction and the oscillation does not stop. Since the internal clock φ restarts when an interrupt is received, the instruction is executed immediately. The internal clock φ is half the frequency of XCIN. After reset release and when system returns from the stop mode, the ring oscillator mode is selected. Refer to the clock state transition diagram for the setting of transition to each mode. The XIN–X OUT oscillation is controlled by the bit 5 of CPUM, and the sub-clock oscillation is controlled by the bit 4 of CPUM. When the mode is switched to the ring oscillator mode, set the bit 3 of CPUM to “1”. In the ring oscillator mode, the oscillation by the oscillator can be stopped. In the low-speed mode, the power consumption can be reduced by stopping the XIN–XOUT oscillation. When the mode is switched from the ring oscillator mode to the low-speed mode, the built-in ring oscillator is stopped. Set enough time for oscillation to stabilize by programming to restart the stopped oscillation and switch the operation mode. Also, set enough time for oscillation to stabilize by programming to switch the timer count source . Note: If you switch the mode between ring oscillator mode, middle/high-speed mode and low-speed mode, stabilize both XIN and XCIN oscillations. Especially be careful immediately after power-on and at returning from stop mode. Refer to the clock state transition diagram for the setting of transition to each mode. Set the frequency in the condition that f(XIN) > 3•f(XCIN). When the middle- and high-speed mode are not used (XINX OUT oscillation and external clock input are not performed), connect XIN to VCC through a resistor. XCIN XCOUT Rf XI N XOUT Rd CCIN CCOUT CIN COUT Fig. 40 Oscillator circuit XCIN XCOUT Rf CCIN XIN XOUT Open Rd External oscillation circuit CCOUT VCC VSS Fig. 41 External clock input circuit 39 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER Ring oscillator XI N XOUT “1” Main clock selection bit CPUM BIT3 “0” XIN-XOUT oscillation stop bit CPUM BIT5 XCOUT XCIN “1” Internal system clock selection bit (Note) “0” CPUM BIT7 “1” Timer 1 count source selection bit T123M BIT 5 “0” “0” Port Xc switch bit CPUM BIT4 1/2 1/4 1/2 Timer 1 “1” Main clock division ratio selection bit “1” CPUM BIT6 Main clock “0” selection bit CPUM BIT3 “0” “1” Internal system clock selection bit “0” CPUM BIT7 “1” Timing φ (Internal clock) Q S R S STP instruction WIT instruction R Q Q S R STP instruction Reset Interrupt disable flag I Interrupt request Note: When Xc oscillation is selected for internal system clock, set the port Xc switch bit to “1”. Fig. 42 Clock generating circuit block diagram 40 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER Reset release Low-speed mode Ring oscillator mode XIN stop XCIN stop φ=f(ROSC)/8 CM7=0 CM6=1 (Note 5) CM5=1 CM4=0 CM3=1 C M4 XIN stop XCIN oscillation φ=f(ROSC)/8 CM7=0 CM6=1 (Note 5) CM5=1 CM4=1 CM3=1 XIN stop XCIN oscillation φ=16kHz CM7=1 CM6=1 CM5=1 CM4=1 CM3=* (Note 9) C M7 C M6 C M4 C M5 C M5 XIN oscillation XCIN stop φ=f(ROSC)/8 CM7=0 CM6=1 (Note 5) CM5=0 CM4=0 CM3=1 C M4 C M5 C M5 XIN oscillation XCIN oscillation φ=f(ROSC)/8 CM7=0 CM6=1(Note 5) CM5=0 CM4=1 CM3=1 C M3 C M3 CM5 XIN oscillation XCIN oscillation φ=16kHz CM7=1 CM6=1 CM5=0 CM4=1 CM3= * (Note 9) C M7 CM7 XIN oscillation XCIN oscillation φ=16kHz CM7=1 CM6=0 (Note 5) CM5=0 CM4=1 CM3= * (Note 9) CM6 C M7 Middle-speed mode XIN oscillation XCIN stop φ=1MHz CM7=0 CM6=1 CM5=0 CM4=0 CM3=0 C M4 XIN oscillation XCIN oscillation φ=1MHz CM7=0 CM6=1 CM5=0 CM4=1 CM3=0 C M6 b7 b3 CM6 High-speed mode XIN oscillation XCIN stop φ=4MHz CM7=0 CM6=0 (Note 5) CM5=0 CM4=0 CM3=0 CM4 XIN oscillation XCIN oscillation φ=4MHz CM7=0 CM6=0 (Note 5) CM5=0 CM4=1 CM3=0 CPU mode register (CPUM : address 003B16, initial value: 6816) Main clock selection bit 0: XIN input signal 1: Ring oscillator Port Xc switch bit 0: I/O port function (Oscillation stop) 1: XCIN, XCOUT function XIN–XOUT oscillation stop bit 0: Oscillating 1: Stopped Main clock division ratio selection bit 0: f(XIN)/2 (high-speed mode) 1: f(XIN)/8 (middle-speed mode) Internal system clock selection bit 0: Main clock selected (middle-/high-speed and ring oscillator mode) 1: XCIN–XCOUT selected (low-speed mode) Notes 1: Switch the mode by the arrows shown between the mode blocks. The all modes can be switched to the stop mode or the wait mode. 2: Timer and LCD operate in the wait mode. System is returned to the source mode when the wait mode is ended. 3: CM4, CM5 and CM6 are retained in the stop mode. System is returned to the ring oscillator mode (CM3=1, CM7=0). 4: When the stop mode is ended, set the oscillation stabilizing wait time in the ring oscillator mode. 5: When the stop mode is ended, set the initial value to CM6 (CM6=1). 6: Execute the transition after the oscillation used in the destination mode is stabilized. 7: When system goes to ring oscillator mode, the oscillation stabilizing wait time is not needed. 8: Do not go to the high-speed mode from the ring oscillator mode. 9: Write the proper values for destination mode beforehand. 10: The example assumes that 8 MHz is being applied to the XIN pin and 32 kHz to the XCIN pin. f(ROSC) indicates the oscillation frequency of ring oscillator. Fig. 43 State transitions of system clock 41 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER NOTES ON PROGRAMMING Processor Status Register Serial I/O The contents of the processor status register (PS) after a reset are undefined, except for the interrupt disable flag (I) which is “1”. After a reset, initialize flags which affect program execution. In particular, it is essential to initialize the index X mode (T) and the decimal mode (D) flags because of their effect on calculations. In clock synchronous serial I/O, if the receive side is using an external clock and it is to output the SRDY signal, set the transmit enable bit, the receive enable bit, and the SRDY output enable bit to “1”. In serial I/O, the S OUT pin goes to high impedance state after transmission is completed. Interrupt A-D Converter The contents of the interrupt request bits do not change immediately after they have been written. After writing to an interrupt request register, execute at least one instruction before performing a BBC or BBS instruction. The comparator is constructed linked to a capacitor. The conversion accuracy may be low because the charge is lost if the conversion speed is not enough. Accordingly, set f(XIN) to at least 500kHz during A-D conversion in the middle- or high-speed mode. Also, do not execute the STP or WIT instruction during an A-D conversion. In the low-speed mode, since the A-D conversion is executed by the built-in self-oscillation circuit, the minimum value of f(XIN) frequency is not limited. Decimal Calculations To calculate in decimal notation, set the decimal mode flag (D) to “1”, then execute an ADC or SBC instruction. Only the ADC and SBC instructions yield proper decimal results. After executing an ADC or SBC instruction, execute at least one instruction before executing a SEC, CLC, or CLD instruction. Instruction Execution Time In decimal mode, the values of the negative (N), overflow (V), and zero (Z) flags are invalid. Timers If a value n (between 0 and 255) is written to a timer latch, the frequency division ratio is 1/(n + 1). Multiplication and Division Instructions The index mode (T) and the decimal mode (D) flags do not affect the MUL and DIV instruction. The execution of these instructions does not change the contents of the processor status register. Ports The contents of the port direction registers cannot be read. The following cannot be used: • The data transfer instruction (LDA, etc.) • The operation instruction when the index X mode flag (T) is “1” • The addressing mode which uses the value of a direction register as an index • The bit-test instruction (BBC or BBS, etc.) to a direction register • The read-modify-write instruction (ROR, CLB, or SEB, etc.) to a direction register Use instructions such as LDM and STA, etc., to set the port direction registers. 42 The instruction execution time is obtained by multiplying the frequency of the internal clock φ by the number of cycles needed to execute an instruction. The number of cycles required to execute an instruction is shown in the list of machine instructions. The frequency of the internal clock φ is half of the XIN frequency. MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER NOTES ON USE VL3 pin Noise When LCD drive control circuit is not used, connect VL3 to VCC. Countermeasures against noise (1) Shortest wiring length ➀ Wiring for RESET pin Make the length of wiring which is connected to the RESET pin as short as possible. Especially, connect a capacitor across the RESET pin and the VSS pin with the shortest possible wiring (within 20mm). ● Reason The width of a pulse input into the RESET pin is determined by the timing necessary conditions. If noise having a shorter pulse width than the standard is input to the RESET pin, the reset is released before the internal state of the microcomputer is completely initialized. This may cause a program runaway. Noise Reset circuit RESET VSS VSS N.G. XIN XOUT VSS N.G. VSS RESET VSS O.K. Fig. 44 Wiring for the RESET pin ➁ Wiring for clock input/output pins • Make the length of wiring which is connected to clock I/O pins as short as possible. • Make the length of wiring (within 20 mm) across the grounding lead of a capacitor which is connected to an oscillator and the VSS pin of a microcomputer as short as possible. • Separate the V SS pattern only for oscillation from other V SS patterns. O.K. Fig. 45 Wiring for clock I/O pins (2) Connection of bypass capacitor across VSS line and VCC line In order to stabilize the system operation and avoid the latch-up, connect an approximately 0.1 µF bypass capacitor across the VSS line and the VCC line as follows: • Connect a bypass capacitor across the VSS pin and the VCC pin at equal length. • Connect a bypass capacitor across the VSS pin and the VCC pin with the shortest possible wiring. • Use lines with a larger diameter than other signal lines for VSS line and VCC line. • Connect the power source wiring via a bypass capacitor to the VSS pin and the VCC pin. AA AA AA AA AA VCC Reset circuit XIN XOUT VSS VSS N.G. AA AA AA AA AA VCC VSS O.K. Fig. 46 Bypass capacitor across the VSS line and the VCC line ● Reason If noise enters clock I/O pins, clock waveforms may be deformed. This may cause a program failure or program runaway. Also, if a potential difference is caused by the noise between the VSS level of a microcomputer and the VSS level of an oscillator, the correct clock will not be input in the microcomputer. 43 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER (3) Oscillator concerns In order to obtain the stabilized operation clock on the user system and its condition, contact the oscillator manufacturer and select the oscillator and oscillation circuit constants. Be careful especially when range of voltage or/and temperature is wide. Also, take care to prevent an oscillator that generates clocks for a microcomputer operation from being affected by other signals. ➀ Keeping oscillator away from large current signal lines Install a microcomputer (and especially an oscillator) as far as possible from signal lines where a current larger than the tolerance of current value flows. ● Reason In the system using a microcomputer, there are signal lines for controlling motors, LEDs, and thermal heads or others. When a large current flows through those signal lines, strong noise occurs because of mutual inductance. ➁ Installing oscillator away from signal lines where potential levels change frequently Install an oscillator and a connecting pattern of an oscillator away from signal lines where potential levels change frequently. Also, do not cross such signal lines over the clock lines or the signal lines which are sensitive to noise. ● Reason Signal lines where potential levels change frequently (such as the CNTR pin signal line) may affect other lines at signal rising edge or falling edge. If such lines cross over a clock line, clock waveforms may be deformed, which causes a microcomputer failure or a program runaway. ➀ Keeping oscillator away from large current signal lines (4) Analog input The analog input pin is connected to the capacitor of a voltage comparator. Accordingly, sufficient accuracy may not be obtained by the charge/discharge current at the time of A-D conversion when the analog signal source of high-impedance is connected to an analog input pin. In order to obtain the A-D conversion result stabilized more, please lower the impedance of an analog signal source, or add the smoothing capacitor to an analog input pin. (5) Difference of memory type and size When Mask ROM and PROM version and memory size differ in one group, actual values such as an electrical characteristics, A-D conversion accuracy, and the amount of -proof of noise incorrect operation may differ from the ideal values. When these products are used switching, perform system evaluation for each product of every after confirming product specification. (6) Wiring to VPP pin of One Time PROM version Connect an approximately 5 kΩ resistor to the VPP pin the shortest possible in series and also to the VSS pin. Note: Even when a circuit which included an approximately 5 kΩ resistor is used in the Mask ROM version, the microcomputer operates correctly. ● Reason The VPP pin of the One Time PROM version is the power source input pin for the built-in PROM. When programming in the built-in PROM, the impedance of the VPP pin is low to allow the electric current for writing flow into the built-in PROM. Because of this, noise can enter easily. If noise enters the V PP pin, abnormal instruction codes or data are read from the built-in PROM, which may cause a program runaway. Microcomputer Mutual inductance M About 5kΩ CNVSS/VPP XIN XOUT VSS Large current VSS GND ➁ Installing oscillator away from signal lines where potential levels change frequently N.G. Do not cross CNTR XIN XOUT VSS Fig. 47 Wiring for a large current signal line/Wiring of signal lines where potential levels change frequently 44 Fig. 48 Wiring for the VPP pin of One Time PROM MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER DATA REQUIRED FOR MASK ORDERS ROM PROGRAMMING METHOD The following are necessary when ordering a mask ROM production: 1.Mask ROM Order Confirmation Form✽ 2.Mark Specification Form✽ 3.Data to be written to ROM, in EPROM form (three identical copies) or one floppy disk. The built-in PROM of the blank One Time PROM version (M38C13E6FP/HP) can be read or programmed with a generalpurpose PROM programmer using a special programming adapter. Set the address of PROM programmer in the user ROM area. Table 10. Programming adapter ✽For the mask ROM confirmation and the mark specifications, refer to the “Mitsubishi MCU Technical Information” Homepage (http://www.infomicom.maec.co.jp/indexe.htm). Package Name of Programming Adapter M38C13E6FP PCA7438F-64A M38C13E6HP PCA7438H-64A The PROM of the blank One Time PROM version is not tested or screened in the assembly process and following processes. To ensure proper operation after programming, the procedure shown in Figure 49 is recommended to verify programming. Programming with PROM programmer Screening (Caution) (150°C for 40 hours) Verification with PROM programmer Functional check in target device Caution : The screening temperature is far higher than the storage temperature. Never expose to 150 °C exceeding 100 hours. Fig. 49 Programming and testing of One Time PROM version 45 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS I Y NAR 38C1 Group ge. ion. icat to chan ecif l sp ubject a in af es not mits ar li is is : Th metric e ic Not e para Som P IM REL SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Absolute Maximum Ratings Table 11 Absolute maximum ratings Symbol VCC VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VO Parameter Power source voltage Input voltage P00–P07, P20–P27, P30–P34, P44–P47, P50–P57, P60–P64 Input voltage VL1 Input voltage VL2 Input voltage VL3 Input voltage RESET, XIN Input voltage AN0–AN3 Input voltage CNVSS (Mask ROM version) Input voltage CNVSS (One Time PROM version) Output voltage P20–P27 VO VO VO Pd Topr Tstg Output voltage P30–P34, P44–P47, P50–P57, P60–P64 Output voltage SEG0–SEG24 Output voltage XOUT Power dissipation Operating temperature Storage temperature 46 Conditions All voltages are based on Vss. Output transistors are cut off. At output port At segment output Ta = 25°C Ratings –0.3 to 6.5 –0.3 to VCC+0.3 Unit V V –0.3 to VL2 VL1 to VL3 VL2 to 6.5 –0.3 to VCC+0.3 –0.3 to VCC+0.3 –0.3 to VCC+0.3 –0.3 to 13 –0.3 to VCC+0.3 –0.3 to VL3+0.3 –0.3 to VCC+0.3 –0.3 to VL3+0.3 –0.3 to VCC+0.3 300 –20 to 85 –40 to 125 V V V V V V V V V V V V mW °C °C MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS I Y NAR 38C1 Group ge. ion. icat to chan ecif l sp ubject a in af es not mits ar li is is : Th metric e ic Not e para Som P IM REL SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER Recommended Operating Conditions Table 12 Recommended operating conditions (Vcc = 1.8 to 5.5 V (One Time PROM version: 2.2 to 5.5 V), Ta = –20 to 85°C, unless otherwise noted) Symbol VCC Limits Parameter Power source voltage (Note 1) Mask ROM version High-speed mode High-speed mode f(XIN) ≤ 8 MHz f(XIN) ≤ 6 MHz f(XIN) ≤ 4 MHz f(XIN) ≤ 8 MHz f(XIN) ≤ 6 MHz Low-speed, ring oscillator operation mode One Time PROM version High-speed mode f(XIN) ≤ 4 MHz Middle-speed mode f(XIN) ≤ 8 MHz f(XIN) ≤ 6 MHz Low-speed, ring oscillator operation mode When oscillation starts Mask ROM version (Note 2) One Time PROM version Power source voltage Middle-speed mode VSS CNVSS VL3 VIA VIH VIH VIH VIH VIH VIL VIL VIL VIL VIL LCD power source voltage Analog input voltage AN0–AN7 “H” input voltage “H” input voltage “H” input voltage “H” input voltage “H” input voltage “L” input voltage “L” input voltage “L” input voltage “L” input voltage “L” input voltage P00–P07, P20–P27, P44–P47, P55, P57, P62–P64 P60, P61 (CM4=0) P30–P34, P50–P54, P56 RESET XIN P00–P07, P20–P27, P44–P47, P55, P57, P62–P64 P60, P61 (CM4=0) P30–P34, P50–P54, P56 RESET XIN Min. 4.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.8 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.5 Typ. 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 0 0 2.5 VSS 0.7VCC 0.7VCC 0.8VCC 0.8VCC 0.8VCC 0 0 0 0 0 Max. 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 0.2VCC VCC VCC VCC VCC VCC VCC 0.3VCC 0.3VCC 0.2VCC 0.2VCC 0.2VCC Unit V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Notes 1: When the A-D converter is used, refer to the recommended operating condition for A-D conversion. 2: Oscillation start voltage and oscillation start time depend on the oscillator, the circuit constant and temperature. Especially, be careful that an oscillation start of the high-frequency oscillator may be difficult at low-voltage. Until the oscillation is stabilized, wait in the ring oscillator mode. 47 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS I Y NAR 38C1 Group ge. ion. icat to chan ecif l sp ubject a in af es not mits ar li is is : Th metric e ic Not e para Som P IM REL SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER Table 13 Recommended operating conditions (Vcc = 1.8 to 5.5 V (One Time PROM version: 2.2 to 5.5 V), Ta = –20 to 85°C, unless otherwise noted) Symbol ΣIOH(peak) ΣIOH(peak) ΣIOL(peak) ΣIOL(peak) ΣIOH(avg) ΣIOH(avg) ΣIOL(avg) ΣIOL(avg) IOH(peak) IOH(peak) IOH(peak) IOL(peak) IOL(peak) IOL(peak) IOH(avg) IOH(avg) IOH(avg) IOL(avg) IOL(avg) IOL(avg) Parameter “H” total peak output current (Note 1) P20–P27, P30–P34 “H” total peak output current (Note 1) P44–P47, P50–P57, P60–P64 “L” total peak output current (Note 1) P20–P27, P30–P34 “L” total peak output current (Note 1) P44–P47, P50–P57, P60–P64 “H” total average output current (Note 1) P20–P27, P30–P34 “H” total average output current (Note 1) P44–P47, P50–P57, P60–P64 “L” total average output current (Note 1) P20–P27, P30–P34 “L” total average output current (Note 1) P44–P47, P50–P57, P60–P64 “H” peak output current (Note 2) P20–P27 “H” peak output current (Note 2) P30–P34 “H” peak output current (Note 2) P44–P47, P50–P57, P60–P64 “L” peak output current (Note 2) P20–P27 “L” peak output current (Note 2) P30–P34 “L” peak output current (Note 2) P44–P47, P50–P57, P60–P64 “H” average output current (Note 3) P20–P27 “H” average output current (Note 3) P30–P34 “H” average output current (Note 3) P44–P47, P50–P57, P60–P64 “L” average output current (Note 3) P20–P27 “L” average output current (Note 3) P30–P34 “L” average output current (Note 3) P44–P47, P50–P57, P60–P64 Min. Limits Typ. Max. –40 Unit mA –60 mA 80 mA 60 mA –20 mA –30 mA 40 mA 30 mA –2 mA –5 mA –5 mA 5 mA 30 mA 10 mA –1.0 mA –2.5 mA –2.5 mA 2.5 mA 15 mA 5 mA Notes 1: The total output current is the sum of all the currents flowing through all the applicable ports. The total average current is an average value measured over 100 ms. The total peak current is the peak value of all the currents. 2: The peak output current is the peak current flowing in each port. 3: The average output current is average value measured over 100 ms. 48 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS I Y NAR 38C1 Group ge. ion. icat to chan ecif l sp ubject a in af es not mits ar li is is : Th metric e ic Not e para Som P IM REL SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER Table 14 Recommended operating conditions (Vcc = 1.8 to 5.5 V (One Time PROM version: 2.2 to 5.5 V), Ta = –20 to 85°C, unless otherwise noted) Symbol Parameter f(CNTR0) Timer X and Timer Y f(CNTR1) Input frequency (duty cycle 50%) f(XIN) Main clock input frequency (duty cycle 50%) (Note 1) Condition Limits Min. Typ. (4.0 V ≤ VCC ≤ 5.5 V) (Mask ROM version: 2.0V ≤ VCC ≤ 4.0 V) (One Time PROM version: 3.0 V ≤ VCC ≤ 4.0 V) (Mask ROM version: VCC ≤ 2.0 V) (One Time PROM version: 2.5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 3.0 V) (One Time PROM version: V CC ≤ 2.5 V) 5✕VCC–8 2✕VCC–3 10✕VCC–19 3 8.0 2✕VCC High-speed mode (4.0 V < VCC ≤ 5.5 V) High-speed mode (Mask ROM version: 2.0V ≤ VCC ≤ 4.0 V) (One Time PROM version: 3.0 V ≤ VCC ≤ 4.0 V) High-speed mode (One Time PROM version: 2.5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 3.0 V) Middle-speed mode (Note 3) (Note 4) (Mask ROM version: 2.0 V ≤ VCC ≤ 5.5 V) (One Time PROM version: 2.5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 5.5 V) Middle-speed mode (Note 3) (Note 4) f(XCIN) Sub-clock input oscillation frequency (Note 2) (Note 4) (duty cycle 50%) Max. 4.0 VCC 32.768 Unit MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz 4✕VCC–6 MHz 8.0 MHz 6.0 80 MHz kHz Notes 1: When the A-D converter is used, refer to the recommended operating condition for A-D conversion. 2: When using the microcomputer in low-speed mode, set the clock input oscillation frequency on condition that f(XCIN) < f(XIN)/3. 3: When the timer X count source selection bit is set to “1”, as for the recommended operating condition of the main clock input frequency f(XIN), the rating value at the high-speed mode is applied. 4: Oscillation start voltage and oscillation start time depend on the oscillator, the circuit constant and temperature. Especially, be careful that an oscillation start of the high-frequency oscillator may be difficult at low-voltage. Until the oscillation is stabilized, wait in the ring oscillator mode. 49 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS I Y NAR 38C1 Group ge. ion. icat to chan ecif l sp ubject a in af es not mits ar li is is : Th metric e ic Not e para Som P IM REL SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER Electrical Characteristics Table 15 Electrical characteristics (Vcc = 4.0 to 5.5 V, Ta = –20 to 85°C, unless otherwise noted) Symbol Parameter VOH “H” output voltage P20–P27 VOH “H” output voltage P30–P34, P44–P47, P50–P57, P60–P64 VOL “L” output voltage P20–P27 VOL “L” output voltage P44–P47, P50–P57, P60–P64 VOL “L” output voltage P30–P34 VT+–VT- Hysteresis INT0, INT1, CNTR0, CNTR1, P30–P34 Hysteresis SCLK, SIN Hysteresis RESET “H” input current P30–P34, P44–P47, P50–P57, P60–P64 “H” input current P00–P07, P20–P27 VT+–VTVT+–VTIIH IIH IIH IIH IIL IIL IIL IIL VRAM ROSC “H” input current RESET, AN0–AN3 “H” input current XIN “L” input current P00–P07, P20–P27 “L” input current P30–P34, P44–P47, P50–P57, P60–P64 “L” input current RESET, CNVSS, AN0–AN3 “L” input current XIN RAM hold voltage (Mask ROM version) RAM hold voltage (One Time PROM version) Ring oscillator oscillation frequency Note: One Time PROM version: 2.2 to 5.5 V. 50 Test conditions IOH = –1.0 mA IOH = –0.2 mA VCC = 1.8 to 5.5 V (Note) IOH = –2.5 mA IOH = –0.5 mA VCC = 1.8 to 5.5 V (Note) IOL = 2.5 mA IOL = 0.5 mA VCC = 1.8 to 5.5 V (Note) IOL = 5 mA IOL = 1 mA VCC = 1.8 to 5.5 V (Note) IOL = 15 mA IOL = 3 mA VCC = 1.8 to 5.5 V (Note) Min. VCC–2.0 VCC–0.8 Limits Typ. Max. Unit V V VCC–2.0 VCC–0.8 V V 2.0 0.8 V V 2.0 0.8 V V 2.0 0.8 V V 0.5 V 0.5 0.5 VI = VCC 5.0 V V µA VI = VSS Pull-down “OFF” VCC = 5.0 V, VI = VCC Pull-down “ON” VCC = 3.0 V, VI = VCC Pull-down “ON” VI = VCC VI = VCC VI = VSS VI = VSS Pull-up “OFF” VCC = 5.0 V, VI = VSS Pull-up “ON” VCC = 3.0 V, VI = VSS Pull-up “ON” VI = VSS VI = VSS At clock stop At clock stop VCC = 5.0 V, Ta = 25 °C 5.0 µA 60 120 240 µA 25 50 100 µA 5.0 –5.0 –5.0 µA µA µA µA 4.0 –60 –120 –240 µA –25 –50 –100 µA –5.0 µA µA V V kHz –4.0 1.8 2.2 2500 5000 5.5 5.5 7500 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS I Y NAR 38C1 Group ge. ion. icat to chan ecif l sp ubject a in af es not mits ar li is is : Th metric e ic Not e para Som P IM REL SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER Table 16 Electrical characteristics (Vcc = 1.8 to 5.5 V (One Time PROM version: 2.2 to 5.5 V), Ta = –20 to 85°C, f(XCIN) = 32.768 kHz, output transistors “OFF”, AD converter stopped, unless otherwise noted) Limits Symbol Parameter Test conditions Unit Min. Typ. Max. Power High-speed f(XIN) = 8 MHz 3.0 6.0 mA ICC Vcc = 5 V source mode f(XIN) = 8 MHz (in WIT state) 0.8 1.6 mA Mask ROM current f(XIN) = 4 MHz 1.5 3.0 mA version f(XIN) = 8 MHz 4.7 9.4 mA Vcc = 5 V 0.9 1.8 mA One Time PROM f(XIN) = 8 MHz (in WIT state) 2.5 5.0 mA f(XIN) = 4 MHz version 0.6 1.2 mA f(XIN) = 4 MHz Vcc = 2.5 V 0.3 0.6 mA f(XIN) = 4 MHz (in WIT state) Mask ROM 0.4 0.8 mA f(XIN) = 2 MHz version 0.9 1.8 mA f(XIN) = 4 MHz Vcc = 2.5 V 0.3 0.6 mA One Time PROM f(XIN) = 4 MHz (in WIT state) 0.6 1.2 mA f(XIN) = 2 MHz version Middle-speed Vcc = 5 V 1.2 2.4 mA f(XIN) = 8 MHz mode 0.8 1.6 mA f(XIN) = 8 MHz (in WIT state) Mask ROM 0.8 1.6 mA f(XIN) = 4 MHz version 1.8 3.6 mA f(XIN) = 8 MHz Vcc = 5 V 0.9 1.8 mA One Time PROM f(XIN) = 8 MHz (in WIT state) 1.0 2.0 mA f(XIN) = 4 MHz version 0.5 1.0 mA f(XIN) = 8 MHz Vcc = 2.5 V 0.3 0.6 mA f(XIN) = 8 MHz (in WIT state) Mask ROM 0.3 0.6 mA f(XIN) = 4 MHz version 0.7 1.4 mA f(XIN) = 8 MHz Vcc = 2.5 V 0.4 0.8 mA One Time PROM f(XIN) = 8 MHz (in WIT state) 0.4 0.8 mA f(XIN) = 4 MHz version Low-speed 13 26 µA f(XIN) = stop Vcc = 5 V mode 5.5 11 µA WIT instruction executed Mask ROM version Vcc = 5 V One Time PROM version Vcc = 2.5 V Mask ROM version Vcc = 2.5 V One Time PROM version Ring oscillator mode f(XCIN) = stop f(XIN) = stop WIT instruction executed 19 6.5 38 13 µA µA f(XIN) = stop WIT instruction executed 7.0 3.5 14 7.0 µA µA f(XIN) = stop WIT instruction executed 10 3.5 20 7 µA µA 600 90 30 0.1 1200 270 90 1.0 10 0.5 µA µA µA µA µA mA 0.5 mA 0.4 mA VCC = 5 V VCC = 2.5 V VCC = 2.5 V (in WIT state) All oscillations stop Ta = 25 °C (STP instruction executed) Ta = 85 °C Current increased f(XIN) = 8 MHz, VCC = 5 V when AD converter is operating at middle-, high-speed mode f(XIN) = stop, VCC = 5 V at ring oscillator operation mode f(XIN) = stop, VCC = 5 V at low-speed mode 51 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS I Y NAR 38C1 Group ge. ion. icat to chan ecif l sp ubject a in af es not mits ar li is is : Th metric e ic Not e para Som P IM REL SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER A-D Converter Characteristics Table 17 A-D converter recommended operating condition (Vcc = 2.0 to 5.5 V (One Time PROM version: 2.2 to 5.5 V), Ta = –20 to 85°C, unless otherwise noted) Symbol VDD Parameter Power source voltage VIH “H” input voltage ADKEY0–ADKEY3 VIL “L” input voltage ADKEY0–ADKEY3 AD converter control clock (low-speed mode and ring oscillator mode excluded) f(XIN) Conditions Mask ROM version One Time PROM version Limits Typ. Min. 5.0 2.0 5.0 2.2 0.9VCC 0 Mask ROM version VCC ≤ 2.2 V 2.2 < VCC ≤ 2.5 V One Time PROM version VCC ≤ 2.5 V Mask ROM version One Time PROM version 2.5 < VCC ≤ 2.7 V 2.5 < VCC ≤ 5.5 V 2.7 < VCC ≤ 5.5 V Max. 5.5 5.5 VCC Unit V V V 0.7VCC✕–0.5 V 20✕VCC–38 20✕VCC–26 3 40✕VCC–82 3 10✕VCC–19 8.0 MHz MHz MHz Table 18 A-D converter characteristics (Vcc = 2.0 to 5.5 V (One Time PROM version: 2.2 to 5.5 V), Ta = –20 to 85°C, unless otherwise noted) Symbol Parameter — LIN DIF V0T Resolution Linearity error Differential non-linearity error Zero transition voltage VFST Full-scale transition voltage ABS Absolute accuracy (quantification error excluded) Tconv IIA Conversion time (Note) Analog input current Test conditions Min. Ta = 25 °C, 2.5 ≤ VCC ≤ 5.5 V Ta = 25 °C, 2.5 ≤ VCC ≤ 5.5 V VCC = 5.12 V, Ta = 25 °C 0 VCC = 2.56 V, Ta = 25 °C 0 VCC = 5.12 V, Ta = 25 °C 5070 VCC = 2.56 V, Ta = 25 °C 2535 2.2 < VCC ≤ 5.5 V (2.7 < VCC ≤ 5.5 V for One Time PROM version), f(XIN) ≤ 8.0 MHz, or low-speed or ring oscillator mode 2.2 < VCC ≤ 2.5 V (2.5 < VCC ≤ 2.7 V for One Time PROM version), f(XIN) ≤ 2.0 MHz, or low-speed or ring oscillator mode 2.2 ≤ VCC < 2.3 V for One Time PROM version Low-speed or ring oscillator mode excluded Condition except above 106 Limits Typ. 20 10 5100 2550 Unit Max. 8 ±1 ±0.9 50 25 5120 2560 ±2 BIT LSB LSB mV mV mV mV LSB ±2 LSB ±5 LSB ±3 109 ±5 LSB tc(φAD) µA Note: The operation clock is XIN in the middle- or high-speed mode, or the ring oscillator in the other modes. When the A-D conversion is executed in the middle- or high-speed mode, set f(XIN) ≥ 500 kHz. tc(φAD): One cycle of control clock for A-D converter. XIN input is used in the middel- or high-speed mode, and ring oscillator is used in the low- or ring oscillator mode for the control clock. 52 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS I Y NAR 38C1 Group ge. ion. icat to chan ecif l sp ubject a in af es not mits ar li is is : Th metric e ic Not e para Som P IM REL SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER Timing Requirements And Switching Characteristics Table 19 Timing requirements 1 (Vcc = 4.0 to 5.5 V, Vss = 0 V, Ta = –20 to 85°C, unless otherwise noted) Symbol tw(RESET) tc(XIN) twH(XIN) twL(XIN) tc(CNTR) twH(CNTR) twL(CNTR) twH(INT) twL(INT) tc(SCLK) twH(SCLK) twL(SCLK) tsu(SIN-SCLK) th(SCLK-SIN) Parameter Reset input “L” pulse width Main clock input cycle time (XIN input) Main clock input “H” pulse width Main clock input “L” pulse width CNTR0, CNTR1 input cycle time CNTR0, CNTR1 input “H” pulse width CNTR0, CNTR1 input “L” pulse width INT0, INT1 input “H” pulse width INT0, INT1 input “L” pulse width Serial I/O clock input cycle time Serial I/O clock input “H” pulse width Serial I/O clock input “L” pulse width Serial I/O input setup time Serial I/O input hold time Min. 2 125 50 50 250 105 105 80 80 1000 400 400 200 200 Limits Typ. Max. Unit µs ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns Table 20 Timing requirements 2 (Vcc =1.8 to 4.0 V (2.2 to 4.0 V for One Time PROM version), Vss = 0 V, Ta = –20 to 85°C, unless otherwise noted) Limits Symbol tw(RESET) Parameter Reset input “L” pulse width Main clock input 2.0 V (One Time PROM version: 2.5 V) ≤ VCC ≤ 4.0 V cycle time (XIN input) VCC ≤ 2.0 V (One Time PROM version: 2.5 V) twH(XIN) Main clock input 2.0 V (One Time PROM version: 2.5 V) ≤ VCC ≤ 4.0 V “H” pulse width VCC ≤ 2.0 V (One Time PROM version: 2.5 V) twL(XIN) Main clock input 2.0 V (One Time PROM version: 2.5 V) ≤ VCC ≤ 4.0 V “L” pulse width VCC ≤ 2.0 V (One Time PROM version: 2.5 V) tc(CNTR) CNTR0, CNTR1 input 2.0 V (One Time PROM version: 2.5 V) ≤ VCC ≤ 4.0 V cycle time VCC ≤ 2.0 V (One Time PROM version: 2.5 V) twH(CNTR) CNTR0, CNTR1 input “H” pulse width twL(CNTR) CNTR0, CNTR1 input “L” pulse width twH(INT) INT0, INT1 input “H” pulse width twL(INT) INT0, INT1 input “L” pulse width tc(SCLK) Serial I/O clock input cycle time twH(SCLK) Serial I/O clock input “H” pulse width twL(SCLK) Serial I/O clock input “L” pulse width tsu(RxD-SCLK) Serial I/O input setup time th(SCLK-RxD) Serial I/O input hold time tc(XIN) Min. 2 125 166 50 70 50 70 1000/VCC 1000/(5✕VCC–8) tc(CNTR)/2–20 tc(CNTR)/2–20 230 230 2000 950 950 400 200 Typ. Max. Unit µs ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns 53 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS I Y NAR 38C1 Group ge. ion. icat to chan ecif l sp ubject a in af es not mits ar li is is : Th metric e ic Not e para Som P IM REL SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER Table 21 Switching characteristics 1 (Vcc = 4.0 to 5.5 V, Vss = 0 V, Ta = –20 to 85°C, unless otherwise noted) Symbol twH(SCLK) twL(SCLK) td(SCLK-SOUT) tV(SCLK-SOUT) tr(SCLK) tf(SCLK) tr(CMOS) tf(CMOS) Limits Parameter Serial I/O clock output “H” pulse width Serial I/O clock output “L” pulse width Serial I/O output delay time Serial I/O output valid time Serial I/O clock output rising time Serial I/O clock output falling time CMOS output rising time P20–P27 CMOS output rising time P30–P34, P44–P47, P50–P57, P60–P64 CMOS output falling time Min. tc(SCLK)/2–30 tc(SCLK)/2–30 (Note 1) (Note 1) Typ. Max. 25 30 30 200 40 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns 25 40 ns 140 –30 (Note 2) (Note 2) Unit Notes 1: When the P55/SOUT P-channel output disable bit of the serial I/O control register (bit 4 of address 001D16) is “0.” 2: The XOUT, XCOUT pins are excluded. Table 22 Switching characteristics 2 (Vcc = 1.8 to 4.0 V (2.2 to 4.0 V for One Time PROM version), Vss = 0 V, Ta = –20 to 85°C, unless otherwise noted) Limits Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. twH(SCLK) Serial I/O clock output “H” pulse width tC(SCLK)/2–80 twL(SCLK) Serial I/O clock output “L” pulse width tC(SCLK)/2–80 td(SCLK-SOUT) Serial I/O output delay time (Note 1) tV(SCLK-SOUT) Serial I/O output valid time (Note 1) –30 tr(SCLK) Serial I/O clock output rising time tf(SCLK) Serial I/O clock output falling time tr(CMOS) CMOS output rising time P20–P27 CMOS output rising time P30–P34, P44–P47, 60 P50–P57, P60–P64 (Note 2) tf(CMOS) CMOS output falling time (Note 2) 60 Max. 80 80 400 120 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns 120 ns 350 Notes 1: When the P55/SOUT P-channel output disable bit of the serial I/O control register (bit 4 of address 001D16) is “0.” 2: The XOUT, XCOUT pins are excluded. 1 kΩ Measurement output pin Measurement output pin 100 pF CMOS output 100 pF N-channel open-drain output (Note) Note: When bit 4 of the serial I/O control register (address 001D16) is “1” (N-channel open-drain output mode). Fig. 50 Circuit for measuring output switching characteristics 54 Unit MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS I Y NAR 38C1 Group ge. ion. icat to chan ecif l sp ubject a in af es not mits ar li is is : Th metric e ic Not e para Som P IM REL SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER tC(CNTR) tWL(CNTR) tWH(CNTR) CNTR0,CNTR1 0.8VCC 0.2VCC tWL(INT) tWH(INT) INT0, INT1 0.8VCC 0.2VCC tW(RESET) RESET 0.8VCC 0.2VCC tC(XIN) tWL(XIN) tWH(XIN) 0.8VCC XIN 0.2VCC tC(SCLK) tf SCLK tWL(SCLK) tr tWH(SCLK) 0.8VCC 0.2VCC tsu(SIN-SCLK) th(SCLK-SIN) 0.8VCC 0.2VCC SIN td(SCLK-SOUT) tv(SCLK-SOUT) SOUT Fig. 51 Timing chart 55 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS I Y NAR 38C1 Group ge. ion. icat to chan ecif l sp ubject a in af es not mits ar li is is : Th metric e ic Not e para Som P IM REL SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER PACKAGE OUTLINE MMP 64P6U-A EIAJ Package Code LQFP64-P-1414-0.8 Plastic 64pin 14✕14mm body LQFP Weight(g) Lead Material Cu Alloy MD e JEDEC Code – b2 ME HD D 64 49 l2 1 48 Recommended Mount Pad 16 A A1 A2 b c D E e HD HE L L1 Lp HE E Symbol 33 17 A 32 L1 F A3 A2 e A3 M c x A1 b y L x y Lp b2 I2 MD ME Detail F 64P6Q-A MMP Plastic 64pin 10✕10mm body LQFP Weight(g) – Lead Material Cu Alloy MD ME JEDEC Code – e EIAJ Package Code LQFP64-P-1010-0.50 b2 HD D 64 49 1 I2 Recommended Mount Pad 48 A A1 A2 b c D E e HD HE L L1 Lp HE E Symbol 33 16 17 32 A F e L M Detail F 56 Lp c A1 x A3 A2 L1 y b Dimension in Millimeters Min Nom Max 1.7 – – 0.1 0.2 0 1.4 – – 0.32 0.37 0.45 0.105 0.125 0.175 13.9 14.1 14.0 13.9 14.1 14.0 0.8 – – 16.0 15.8 16.2 15.8 16.2 16.0 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.0 – – 0.45 0.6 0.75 – 0.25 – – – 0.2 0.1 – – 0° 8° – 0.225 – – – – 0.95 – 14.4 – 14.4 – – A3 x y b2 I2 MD ME Dimension in Millimeters Min Nom Max – – 1.7 0.1 0.2 0 – – 1.4 0.13 0.18 0.28 0.105 0.125 0.175 9.9 10.0 10.1 9.9 10.0 10.1 – 0.5 – 11.8 12.0 12.2 11.8 12.0 12.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.0 – – 0.45 0.6 0.75 – 0.25 – – – 0.08 – – 0.1 – 0° 10° – – 0.225 1.0 – – – – 10.4 – – 10.4 MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS 38C1 Group SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER HEAD OFFICE: 2-2-3, MARUNOUCHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO 100-8310, JAPAN Keep safety first in your circuit designs! • Mitsubishi Electric Corporation puts the maximum effort into making semiconductor products better and more reliable, but there is always the possibility that trouble may occur with them. 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REVISION HISTORY Rev. 38C1 GROUP DATA SHEET Date Description Summary Page 1.0 2.0 01/16/02 03/28/02 1 4 6 10 12 14 18 53 54 56 6 10 16 22 25 39 47 Fig. 17; PULL register A Bit 2 = “1” → PULL register Bit 3 = “1” ● A-D Converter description added. A-DKEY Control Circuit; Description revised all. Fig. 27; Figure title and note “pin” added. Common Pin and Duty Ratio Control; Description added. Table 9; Note revised. Fig. 35; Bits 0 and 1 Functional description revised. ● RRF register; Description revised. Fig. 43; Low-speed mode CM3 = 1 → CM3 = * (Note 9) (3) line 5; voltage and temperature → voltage or/and temperature ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS ; Most contents revised. Table 12; VCC revised, VL3 and Notes added. Table 14; Note revised. Table 16; Most contents revised. Table 17; Added. Table 18; Most contents revised. Table 20; “(2.2 to 4.0 V for One Time PROM version)” added. Table 22; “(2.2 to 4.0 V for One Time PROM version)” added. PACKAGE OUTLINE revised. Fig. 4 and Table 2; Revised. [CPU Mode Register (CPUM)]; Description revised. Fig. 13; Revised. ● Timer X, ■ Note on count source selection bit; Description revised. Fig. 23; Note revised. Clock generating circuit; Note revised. Table 12; 49 52 “H” input voltage ADKEY0–ADKEY3, “L” input voltage ADKEY0–ADKEY3 eliminated. Table 14; Note 3 added. Table 17; “H” input voltage ADKEY0–ADKEY3, “L” input voltage ADKEY0–ADKEY3 added. 20 27 28 32 36 41 44 47 to 54 47 49 51 52 2.1 05/09/02 First Edition FEATURES; • Interrupts and • Power dissipation revised. PIN DESCRIPTION; VL1–VL3 0 ≤ VL1 ≤ VL2 ≤ VL3 → 0 ≤ VL1 ≤ VL2 < VL3 Table 2; Date revised. Jan. → Mar. Fig. 7; Bits 3 and 6 Description added. Fig. 10; Address 000716 Port P3 direction register (P3D) Address 000816 “ADKEY pin selection” added. Table 5; Note 2 revised. INTERRUPTS; fourteen sources → thirteen sources, eight internal → seven internal (1/2) REVISION HISTORY Rev. 38C1 GROUP DATA SHEET Date Description Summary Page 2.2 07/11/02 25 27 28 46 47 49 51 52 54 ■ Notes on Serial I/O added. [A-D Control Register (ADCON)] 003416 Also, when the bit 4 is “1”, do not write “0” to bit 3 by program. Please do not write “0” in the AD conversion completion bit 5th item; • Return operation by reset, STOP or WIT under A-D conversion operation at selecting ADKEY function is performed. Table 11 Absolute Maximum Ratings VI Input voltage CNVSS (Mask ROM version) → –0.3 to VCC+0.3 VCC when oscillation starts revised. Note 2 revised. Table 14 Recommended operating conditions; f(CNTR0), f(CNTR1) and f(XIN) revised. Note 4 added. Table 16 Electrical characteristics revised. Table 17 A-D characteristics recommended operating condition; f(XIN) revised. Table 18 A-D converter characteristics; ABS revised. Table 21, 22 Switching characteristics; tr(CMOS) revised. 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