L2D2 LAMPS DEUTERIUM LAMPS The best light source is supported by the best electrode technology. PATENTS L2D2 Lamps (Deuterium Lamps ) LONG LIFE : 4000 HOURS HIGH LIGHT OUTPUT : 1.3 TIMES HIGHER ■ Life Characteristics 50 C O N VEN TIONAL TYPE L2D2 LA MP L2-2000 SERIES L2D2 LA L2-4000 MP SERIES 0 0 1000 2000 TIME(h ours) 3000 ■ Radiant Output Intensity 4 LIGHT INTENSITY (A.U.) LIGHT INTENSITY (%) The L2-2000 series lamps produce 1.3 times higher light output than conventional lamps. The L2-4000 series lamps even offer light output 1.1 times higher than conventional lamps. The L2-4000 series lamps assure an operating life of 4000 hours-4 times longer than conventional lamps. This is the longest operating life of any deuterium lamp. 100 (L2-2000 Series) 1.1 times higher (L2-4000 series) 4 times longer guaranteed life L2D2LAM PL 1.3 TIMES 2-2000 SERIES HIGHER 3 2 1 CONVEN TIONAL TYPE 0 190 210 230 250 270 4000 290 310 330 350 370 390 GTH WAVELEN (nm) TLSOB0050EA TLSOB0052EA HIGH STABILITY ±: 2 TIMES STABLE SMALL INTENSITY VARIATIONS : 1/2 Fluctuation: 0.05 %p-p, Drift: 0.3 %/h TLSOB0051EA L2D2 LAMPS 1×10-5AU By using a newly developed ceramic structure, a uniform and optimum temperature distribution, which are the most important factor for stable operation, can be obtained. This results in fluctuations of only 0.05 %p-p in the light output, as well as a reduced drift of only ±0.3 %/h. CONVENTIONAL LAMPS TLSOF0138 APPLICATIONS UV-VIS Spectrophotometers CE(Capillary Electrophoresis) SOx/NOx Analyzers Film Thickness Measurement HPLC Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers Thin Layer Chromatography The spacing between electrodes is kept fixed by a molded ceramic spacer. This reduces the lamp to lamp variations in the light output to one half of that obtained with our lamps having a conventional all metal structure. ■ Intensity Variation 4 TLSOB0053EA L2D2 LAMPS 3.5 RELATIVE INTENSITY(A.U.) ■ Light Output Stability Compared to our conventional lamps 3 CONVENTIONAL LAMPS 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 190 TIME (30 s/div.) 210 230 250 270 290 310 330 350 370 390 WAVELENGTH (nm) EXCELLENT TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS 1 Use of a ceramic structure with excellent thermal stability ensures stable lamp operation even in the presence of ambient temperature variations. LESS MOVEMENT OF ARC EMISSION POINT Since the ceramic structure has a small thermal expansion coefficient, there is virtually no movement of the arc emission point during operation. 2 L2D2 Lamps (Deuterium Lamps ) SPECIFICATIONS FOR L2D2 LAMPS SELECTION GUIDE Power Consumption Type Cathode Rating Series 2.5 V/1.0 V 3.0 V/0 V to 1 V 2.5 V/1.0 V 2.5 V/1.7 V 3.0 V/0 V to 1 V 10 V/2.5 V to 6.0 V 10 V/7.0 V 12 V to 15 V/0 V 2.5 V/1.0 V 2.5 V/1.7 V L2-4000 General Purpose L2-2000 30W See-through L2-2000 An Example for optics of See-through type SEE-THROUGH TYPE The see-through type electrode structure enables straight-line arrangement of the halogen lamp, deuterium lamp, optical system and optical passage. This simplifies optical design of UV-VIS spectrophotometer etc., and eliminates loss of light amount caused by the half mirror. TOP VIEW 40˚ LENS SEE-THROUGH L2D2 LAMP HALOGEN LAMP TLSOC0011EF SPECIFICATIONS GENERAL PURPOSE Series L2-4000 L2-2000 Type. No. L6565 L6566 L6301 L6302 L7298 L6303 L6304 L6305 L6306 L6307 L6308 L7296 L7296-50 L7295 L6309 L6310 L6311 L6311-50 L6312 L6312-50 L7293 L7292 Dimensional outline q w q q y r r w w e e y i y e e t o t o u u Window Material Spectral Disiribution Aperture Diameter (nm) UV glass 185 to 400 UV glass 185 to 400 Synthetic silica 160 to 400 UV glass 185 to 400 UV glass 185 to 400 (mm) 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 UV glass Synthetic silica 185 to 400 160 to 400 UV glass 185 to 400 UV glass 185 to 400 MgF2 115 to 400 Window Material Spectral Disiribution Required Discharge Starting Voltage Min. (V dc) 350 350 400 350 350 400 350 400 350 400 350 400 400 350 400 350 400 400 350 350 350 350 (mA dc) Tube Drop Voltage Typ. (V dc) 300±30 80 Anode Current Output Stability Drift Fluctuation (p-p) Max. Max. (%/ h) (%) ±0.3 0.05 Filament Ratings Warm-up Current Voltage C Time Typ. Min. (V dc, ac) (A dc, ac) (s) 4 2.5±0.25 20 5 3.0±0.3 2.5±0.25 3.0±0.3 80 10±1 ±0.3 300±30 Operating Current Voltage Typ. (V dc) (A dc) 1.8 1.0±0.1 0 to 1 0 to1.8 1.0±0.1 1.8 1.7±0.2 3.3 0 to 1 0 to1.8 4 5 F 2.5 to 6.0 0.3 to 0.6 0.8 20 0.05 1 10±1 1.2 7.0±0.5 12 to 15 0.5 to 0.55 0 0 2.5±0.25 10±1 4 0.8 1.0±0.1 2.5 to 6.0 F 1.8 0.3 to 0.6 G 85 80 — — G Guaranteed Life D Conventional Lamps E Type. No. (h) L613,L613-04 L3382-01 — L613,L613-04 L1636 — L1729 L3381-01 L3382-01 — L591 2000 L2196 — L1626 L2541 L2526 L4505 L4505-50 L4510 L4510-50 L879-01 H 2000 L879 4000 L6565 L6566 L6301 L6302 L7298 L6303 L6304 L6305 L6306 L6307 L6308 L7296 L7296-50 L7295 L6309 L6310 L6311 L6311-50 L6312 L6312-50 L7293 L7292 SEE-THROUGH TYPE Series Type. No. Dimensional outline L2-2000 L6999 L6999-50 L7307 L7174 L7306 r !0 r !0 r (nm) UV glass 185 to 400 Aperture Diameter (mm) 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 Required Discharge Starting Voltage Min. (V dc) 400 400 350 350 350 Anode Current (mA dc) 300±30 Tube Drop Voltage Typ. (V dc) 80 NOTE ALamps with an aperture of 0.5 mm diameter are high brightness types. These lamps provide 1.6 times higher brightness than standard lamps with an aperture of 1.0 mm diameter. (Refer to page 8.) BA trigger voltage higher than this value is required to start lamp discharge. For reliable lighting, an application of 500 V to 600 V is recommended. The maximum rated voltage that can be applied is 650 V. CThe heater current during warming-up period is so high that the enough voltage may not be supplied to the lamp in case the cable between the lamp and the power supply is long because of voltage drop at the cable. The power supply for the heater should be designed so as to supply specified voltage at the lamp terminal. DThe lamp life end is defined as the point when the light output falls to 50 % of its initial value or when output fluctuation (p-p) exceeds 0.05 %. EL2D2 lamp does not always have a direct replacement for conventional type from its dimensional outline point of view. Please refer to page 5 and 6. Please consult with our sales offices for further details. 3 Output Stability Fluctuation Drift (p-p) Max. Max. (%) (%/ h) ±0.3 0.05 Voltage (V dc, ac) 2.5±0.25 Filament Ratings Warm-up Operating Current Time Current Voltage Max. Min. Max. (A dc, ac) (s) (V dc) (A dc) 4 20 1.0±0.1 1.8 1.7±0.2 3.3 Guaranteed Life D Conventional Lamps E Type. No. (h) 2000 — — L1887 — L1886 L6999 L6999-50 L7307 L7174 L7306 NOTE FRecommended operating voltage is 3.5 V ± 0.5 V. GIn these lamps, discharge current is allowed to flow into the filament during operation so that cathode temperature is maintained at an optimum level. So there is no need for input of external power to keep the filament heated. HAverage operating life : Operating life depends on environmental conditions (vacuum atmosphere). It is recommended that these lamps be used in an oil-free environment. *We recommend using Hamamatsu deuterium lamp power supplies in order to obtain the full performance from our lamps (Refer to page 7 and 9). 4 L2D2 Lamps (Deuterium Lamps ) DIMENSIONAL OUTLINES (Unit : mm) -0.1 22.0+0 +0.15 3+0.05 52.0±0.5 6±1 23±0.1 23±0.1 +0.038 3+0.020 LIGHT OUTPUT 160±5 14±1 5 15 +0.038 3+0.020 ARC POINT 2- 3.3 37.0±0.1 15±0.5 120±5 160±5 200±5 42.0±0.1 ARC POINT 68±2 2- 3.3 60±2 6±1 68±2 15.0±0.5 42±2 42±2 68±2 80±2 42±2 22.0±0.1 22.0±0.1 5.0±0.5 30±1 ARC POINT ARC POINT 30±1 50±1 23.0±0.05 ARC POINT 35.0-0.1 6±1 30±1 6±1 6±1 ARC POINT 120±5 o L6311-50, L6312-50 -0.05 30±1 50±1 68±2 42±2 ARC POINT i L7296-50 u L7292, L7293 160±5 6±1 30±1 28±1 e L6307, L6308, L6309, L6310 15 22.0±0.1 w L6305, L6306, L6566 q L6301, L6302, L6565 LIGHT OUTPUT TLSOA0018ED TLSOA0041EC 6 FILAMENT : BLUE FILAMENT.GND : BLACK ANODE : RED TLSOA0011EC 20 CONNECTION FILAMENT : BLUE FILAMENT : BLUE ANODE : RED 20 7 6 7 7 L7292 6 TLSOA0040EB 20 20 6 6 CONNECTION FILAMENT : BLUE FILAMENT • GND : BLACK ANODE : RED CONNECTION 7 7 7 CONNECTION FILAMENT : BLUE FILAMENT.GND : BLACK ANODE : RED 20 CONNECTION FILAMENT : BLUE FILAMENT : BLUE ANODE : RED 20 CONNECTION FILAMENT : BLUE FILAMENT : BLUE ANODE : RED 6 TLSOA0050EA TLSOA0075EA L7293 FILAMENT FILAMENT ANODE t L6311, L6312 y L7295, L7296, L7298 -0.05 6±1 6 TLSOA0020EC 6 TLSOA0039ED 6±1 22.0+0 -0.1 68±2 120±5 6 40° 1.0 ANODE CERAMIC ELECTRODE (REAR PIECE) ARC POINT 20 LIGHT OUTPUT ARC POINT SCREW PORTION CERAMIC ELECTRODE (CENTER PIECE) APERTURE 1VACUUM SIDE FLANGE 2TIGHTENING SXREW 3STORRER 4ORING (JIS B2401) CALL No. V15 15 mm I.D. 4 mm WIDTH 5SPACER aMgF2 WINDOW bGRADED SEAL CATHODE 0.5 or 1.0 LIGHT OUTPUT 7 7 20 CONNECTION FILAMENT : BLUE FILAMENT : BLUE ANODE : RED 1 2 3 4 5 a b +0.15 3+0.05 160±5 160±5 20 CONNECTION FILAMENT : BLUE FILAMENT · GND : BLACK ANODE : RED 7 CONNECTION FILAMENT : BLUE FILAMENT • GND : BLACK ANODE : RED 37.0±0.1 2- 3.3 15 5 FILAMENT : BLUE FILAMENT · GND : BLACK ANODE : RED 7 L6303/L6304/L7306 50±1 22.0±0.1 22.0±0.1 68±2 42±2 60±2 42±2 160±5 20 CONNECTION Cross section of see-through type 35.0-0.1 ARC POINT ARC POINT ARC POINT ARC POINT 14±1 28±1 15.0±0.5 6±1 42±2 68±2 30±1 6±1 30±1 28±1 L7292, L7293 mounting example on the vacuum system !0 L6999-50, L7174 0.5 r L6303, L6304, L6999 L7306, L7307 : BLUE : BLUE : RED 6 TLSOA0017ED TLSOA0051EA TLSOC0010EA TLSOA0052EA L6999/L7307 FILAMENT FILAMENT ANODE 5 : BLUE : BLUE : RED 6 L2D2 Lamps (Deuterium Lamps ) TECHNICAL INFORMATION Extremely high stability of intensity is required for deuterium lamps because of their applications. Therefore, use of a power supply designed to drive the lamps with stable operation is recommended. , Hamamatsu s power supply for deuterium lamps uses a constant-current circuit in the main power supply section and a constant-voltage circuit in the filament power supply section to assure a reliable operation. Hamamatsu offers not only OEM power supplies specially designed for your applications, as well as the following types according to the operation mode of various lamps. Spectral Distribution Light Distribution Deuterium lamps emit high intensity light in the UV range at wavelengths shorter than 400 nm. Light intensity on the short wavelength side is determined by the window material used. Figure 1: Spectral Distribution RADIANT INTENSITY (µW/cm2 •nm at 30 cm) TLSOB0024ED SPECIFICATIONS C1518 C7860 Switching Type (AC) 90 to 115/180 to 250 (AC) 100/118/230 ±10 % Input Voltage (Automatic) Input 60 100 Input Wattage With Load (DC) 80 (DC) 80 Output Voltage Without Load (DC) 160 (DC) 160 300 300 Output Current Anode 600 ± 50 600 ± 50 Trigger Voltage 0.5 0.1 Fluctuation (p-p) Output ±0.1 ±0.1 Drift See below See below Output Voltage Heater Output Current See below See below 25 20 Warm-up Time 0 to +40 0 to +40 Ambient Temperature Not required Not required Cooling 113 × 122 × 220 200 × 107 × 240 Dimensions (W × H × D) 2.7 6.7 Weight — — Certification Dropper Type M7628 Unit Switching Type — (DC) 24 ± 2.4 V 48 (DC) 80 (DC) 160 300 600 ± 50 0.5 ±0.1 See below See below 25 0 to +40 20 CMF of forced air 100 × 118 × 36.2 0.17 UL/CE VA Max. V Typ. V Typ. mA V peak % Max. %/h Max. — — s Typ. °C — mm kg — SYNTHETIC SILICA (PROJECTING TYPE, 1 mm THICK) 0.1 UV GLASS 0.05 Figure 3: External View Non-projecting type 0.01 160 200 240 280 320 360 Window Material The following 4 types of window material are available for deuterium lamps. (1) UV glass (2) Synthetic silica (3) MgF2 Figure 2 shows the transmittance of various window materials. UV light at wavelengths shorter than 190 nm attenuates greatly due to its absorption by oxygen. To obtain the fullest performance in window transmittance, it is recommended that the inside of the equipment be filled with nitrogen or vacuum-evacuated to eliminate this absorption effect. Figure 2: Typical Transmittance of Various Window Materials C1518 (10 V) C1518 (SQ2.5 V) C1518 (SQ10 V) C7860/M7628-2510 A C7860/M7628-2517 C7860/M7628-3000 A C7860/M7628-1035 A C7860/M7628-1070 C7860/M7628-1555 A 4 1.0 ± 0.1 1.8 10 ± 1 2.5 ± 0.2 10 ± 1 0.8 4 1.2 3.5 ± 0.5 1.7 ± 0.2 7.0 ± 0.5 0.3 3.3 1 2.5 ± 0.15 4 1 ± 0.05 1.8 2.5 ± 0.15 3 ± 0.15 10 ± 0.5 10 ± 0.5 15 ± 0.75 4 5 0.8 1.2 0.5 1.7 ± 0.1 0 3.5 ± 0.2 7 ± 0.35 5.5 ± 0.3 3.3 0 0.3 1 0.3 Non-projecting type 30° Applicable Lamps L6565, L7293, L6999, L6999-50 L7307, L7174, L6301, L6302 L6307, L6308, L7292 L7298, L6303, L6304, L7306 L7296, L7295, L6309, L6310, L7296-50 L6565, L7293, L6999, L6999-50 L7307, L7174, L6301, L6302 L7298, L6303, L6304, L7306 L6566, L6305, L6306 L6307, L6308, L7292 L7296, L7295, L6309, L6310, L7296-50 L6311, L6311-50, L6312, L6312-50 NOTE A C7860 series are manufactured only when the order is placed. * Characteristics are measured at 23±1 °C after 30 min of warming up. 30° 30° 15° 15° 0 0 15° 15° 20° 10° 0 10° 30° 30° 30° TLSOB0020EA TLSOB0077EA 80 Arc Distribution 60 MgF2 SYNTHETIC SILICA 40 UV GLASS 20 100 150 200 250 300 350 Arc intensity is determined by the aperture (light exit) size. Figure 5 shows typical spectral distributions for lamps with different aperture sizes. At the same input current and voltage, lamps with an aperture of 0.5 mm diameter (high brightness type) provide 1.6 times higher brightness than lamps with an aperture of 1.0 mm diameter (standard type). The half width of spectral distribution also becomes narrower with a reduced aperture size. When higher intensity is required or the object to be irradiated is very small, the high brightness type is recommended. WAVELENGTH (nm) ●UV glass Figure 5: Arc Distribution UV glass has a higher ultraviolet transmittance than normal optical glass (borosilicate glass). It has the longest cut off wavelength of 185 nm among the four types. However the generation of ozone is lower than other window material types, it is not necessary to have special anti-ozone treatments. Synthetic silica is obtained by fusing a silica crystal that is artificially grown. Although its cut off wavelength is 160 nm, it contains less impurities than fused silica, and transmittance at 200 nm has been improved by approx. 50 %. ●MgF2 MgF2 is a crystallized form of alkali metal halide that has an excellent ultraviolet transmittance, a low deliquescence and is used as window material for vacuum ultraviolet applications. Its cut off wavelength is 115 nm. APERTURE: 0.5 mm APERTURE: 1.0 mm (High Brightness Version) (Standard Version) 0.5 mm ●Synthetic silica TLSOF0068 Long-nose Projecting type Projecting type TLSOB0021EA TRANSMITTANCE (%) 2.5 ± 0.2 C1518 (2.5 V) Operation Voltage (V dc) Current (A dc typ.) TLSOF0139 Figure 4: Directivity (Light Distribution) 20° TLSOB0038EC 100 Warm-up Voltage (V dc) Current (A dc typ.) Long-nose projecting type WAVELENGTH (nm) HEATER VOLTAGE AND CURRENT Type No. Projecting type 400 Y INTENSITY Parameter Control Methode 0.5 The non-projecting type uses the side of the cylindrical glass bulb as the emission window, whilst the projecting type uses a plane glass attached to a projection on the bulb. The projecting type has a uniformed transmittance due to the plane glass. Since the window is located far from the discharge position, the amount of dirt produced by spattering from the electrodes is reduced resulting in low deterioration of light output. The non-projecting type requires less space and has a wider directivity since there is no projection, enabling effective use of emitted light. The long-nose projecting type uses an MgF2 window and is suitable for vacuum ultraviolet applications. This type is used with the tip of the nose inserted into the vacuum equipment. 1.0 mm APERTURE X Y APERTURE X INTENSITY POWER SUPPLY TLSOF0150 TLSOF0150 TLSOB0049EB 7 C1518 C7860 M7628 8 L2D2 Lamps (Deuterium Lamps ) TECHNICAL INFORMATION Construction Discharging the L2D2 Lamps Figure 6 shows the external view and internal construction of a deuterium lamp. The anode has a unique structure covered with ceramic to prevent abnormal discharge, and the cathode has a highly durable electrode. Since a deuterium lamp uses the positive column flash of arc discharge, the cathode is shifted sideways and an aperture is located immediately in front of the anode so that high intensity is obtained. The aperture plate placed between anode and cathode may be used as an auxiliary electrode for lamps designed for low voltage lighting. Figure 6: External View and Electrode Construction External view OPERATING TEMPERATURE Construction ELECTRODE CERAMIC ELECTRODE (REAR PIECE) ANODE APERTURE CERAMIC ELECTRODE (CENTER PIECE) CATHODE BULB LEAD WIRE BULB LIGHT OUTPUT TLSOC0030EA Terminology 1Solarization Transmittance of UV glass and fused silica drops when they are used over a long period. This is caused by a drop in transparency of the glass resulting from dirt on the glass and the influences of ultraviolet rays. In the worst case, the glass becomes cloudy and its life is shortened. This is called solarization, and transmittance drops, particularly in short wavelength region. This phenomenon is hardly ever seen with synthetic silica. In deuterium lamps, an aperture electrode is placed between cathode and anode to compress the discharge, so that high light intensity is obtained. This required, a high voltage trigger discharge across cathode and anode. In general, a typical power supply for deuterium lamps consists of the following three power supplies. ● Constant current power supply of 300 mA (open voltage about 150 V) ● Trigger power supply of 500 to 600 V peak ● Power supply for the heater (about 10 W) However, in view of the need for cost reduction, safety and downsizing, lamp manufactures are evaluating methods that eliminate the trigger power supply. One of these is the use of an auxiliary electrode. In this approach, the electrical energy from a constant current power supply of 150 V/300 mA (main power supply) is stored in a trigger capacitor and then is discharged between lamp shield box and cathode. This generates ions and momentarily reduces the impedance between anode and cathode, leading to the main discharge. However, because this trigger discharge occurs only at a restricted point near the cathode, it is a less reliable triggering method. In the L2D2 lamp, ceramic insulators are used as part of the electrode support, so that the aperture potential is isolated from the shield box potential. Since this aperture electrode is used as an auxiliary electrode, the trigger discharge can be guided to the aperture, allowing operation at a voltage 40 to 50 V lower than that of a conventional lamp. This also results in higher reliability of the triggering operation. Thus, the greatest advantage of the auxiliary electrode is that no trigger power supply is necessary. The circuit shown on the below, resulting both a cost reduction and downsizing of the power supply. Figure 7: Example Circuit Diagram •Auxiliary electrode operation (1) Drift Drift refers to variation of output over a long period caused as a result of the change in thermoelectron discharge characteristic of the cathode, change in gas pressure or dirt on the window. It is expressed in variation per hour. In the case of deuterium lamps, it takes 10 to 15 minutes until the inside of the lamp reaches thermal equilibrium after start of discharge, so a warm-up period of 20 to 30 minutes is required. (2) Fluctuation Fluctuation refers to variation of output caused by deterioration of the cathode or fluctuation of discharge position. Light output fluctuates approx. 0.05 % at intervals between a few minutes and a few hours. In addition, the position of the arc point also fluctuates. 4Life (1)Fluctuation of light output Life is determined by the point at which fluctuation combining fluctuation and shift exceeds 0.05 %p-p. (2)Drop of light output Life is determined by the point at which the total emitted energy drops to 50 % of the initial level. As described earlier, decrease in light output is caused mainly by solarization and dirt inside the window. The life specified is 2000 hours for L2-2000 series, and 4000 hours for L2-4000 series. 9 Table1: Allowable Operating Temperature Range for Deuterium Lamps Lamp Type TRIGGER SWITCH R (<3 kΩ) ANODE DEUTERIUM LAMP 300mA CONSTANTCURRENT POWER SUPPLY (150 to 160 V dc) L2D2 Lamp All Cathode type Ambient temperature: Ta +10 °C to +50 °C (+20 °C to +30 °C)* Bulb wall temperature: Tb +245 °C to +280 °C Maximum allowable bulb wall temperature: Tb Max. +290 °C Max. RT (5 kΩ) When the cathode is sufficiently heated and ready for arc discharge, a pulse trigger voltage is applied between anode and cathode, and discharge starts. The discharge starting voltage of 30 W deuterium lamps is approx. 350 V (400 V max.). However, since the discharge starting voltage rises according to the prolongation of operation time, it is recommended that a voltage of approx. 500 V be applied to assure discharge. (The maximum applied voltage for trigger is 650 V.) The discharge starting voltage varies depending on the trigger method and trigger constant. Precautions When Using Deuterium Lamps To obtain high stability and long operating life, adequate care must be paid to operating conditions including the operating temperature of the lamp. Although the lamp,s bulb wall temperature (Tb) rises as the ambient temperature (Ta) rises, the bulb wall temperature of conventional deuterium lamps normally rises to approx. +200 °C (direct-heated cathode type) to 240 °C (SQ cathode type) when the ambient temperature is +25 °C. Moreover, the bulb wall temperature of the L2D2 lamps rises even further by +50 °C reaching +280 °C due to the way in which the electrode is constructed. (Bulb wall temperature (Tb) also differs depending on the lamp type and heater voltage as well as lamp housing.) Although the operating temperature of Hamamatsu L2D2 lamps has been designed based on lamps operated under normal temperature, the temperature range given in the table below is recommended as the allowable operating temperature range enabling the use of the lamps over a long period of time with high stability. Cathode Type 2Discharge starting voltage 3Output stability Optimum Operating Temperature CATHODE CT (>0.1 µF) HEATER POWER SUPPLY *Temperature enclosed by ( ) indicates the optimum ambient temperature. TLSOC0019EB Tb •Conventional circuit PRECAUTION AND WARRANTY 1. Deuterium lamps emit ultraviolet rays which can be harmful to your eyes and skin. Never look directly at the emitted lights, nor should you allow it to come into contact with your skin. Always wear protective goggles and clothing when operating the lamps. 2. Since the bulb wall reaches a very high temperature (over +200 °C) when the lamp is on, do not touch it with bare hands or bring flammable objects near it. 3. Do not exert mechanical vibration or shock on the lamp, otherwise the stability will deteriorate. 4. Silica glass graded sealing. In the case of bulbs using silica glass, the window is formed by connecting different glass sections having slightly different expansion rates. Since the mechanical strength of these seams is low, the bulb fixing method should be so arranged that no force is exerted on these seams during fixing or operation. 5. Before turning on the lamp, wipe the bulb and window gently with alcohol or acetone. Dirt on the window will cause deterioration of the UV transmission, so always wear gloves when handling the lamp. 6. High voltage is used to operate the lamp. Use extreme caution to prevent electric shocks. Warranty The warranty period will be one year after our shipment to original purchaser or guaranteed life time whichever comes first. The warranty is limited to replacement of the faulty lamp. Faults resulting from natural disasters and incorrect usage will also be excluded from warranty. Ta TRIGGER SWITCH Ta: Temperature measured at a position 2.5 cm (1 inch) away from the bulb wall RT (1 to5 kΩ) TRIGGER POWER SUPPLY (500 to 600 V dc) CT (0.2 to 0.5 µF) Tb: Temperature on the bulb wall (cathode side) ANODE 300mA CONSTANTCURRENT POWER SUPPLY (150 to 160 V dc) DEUTERIUM LAMP 2.5 cm (1inch) CATHODE HEATER POWER SUPPLY TLSOC0020EB When the L2D2 lamp series with an aperture size of 0.5 mm diameter will be operated by the circuit as shown above, it is recommended to employ CR constant as RT=1 kΩ and CT=0.5 µF to obtain the reliable lamp ignition. As the ambient temperature (Ta) rises, cathode temperature increases, resulting in evaporation of the cathode. If the ambient temperature (Ta) drops, the gas pressure inside the bulb is reduced increasing the kinetic energy of the gas and ions causing sputtering of the cathodes thermionic coating. In both cases, the gas inside the bulb is rapidly consumed. This deteriorates the stability and intensity. Thereby drastically shortening the operating life. For stable operation of deuterium lamps, care should be paid to the installation of the lamps so that the bulb wall temperature (Tb) does not exceed +290 °C. 10 L2D2 Lamps (Deuterium Lamps ) Related Products Water-Cooled 150W VUV Deuterium Lamps These water-cooled 150W lamps provide a radiant output 3 to 4 times higher than 30W lamps and are chiefly used as excitation light sources. Two window materials, synthetic silica(L1314) and MgF2(L1835) are available. The MgF2 window type is widely used as a VUV light source in photo CVD, solar simulator(in space) and other VUV applications. A vacuum flange E3444 series are provided as an option allowing simple connection to a vacuum instrument. TLSOF0140 Calibrated Deuterium Light Source L7820 The L7820 is the calibrated light source consisting of L2D2 featuring high stability and good repeatability, which are required for calibrated light source. In order for anybody to achieve stable light, not only the lamp design but also power supply and lamp housing design are optimized. It delivers high stable light in the long and the short term operation especially in the calibrated range of 250 nm to 400 nm. The L7820 is suitable for quality control of light source, light detector and so on. The certificate with JCSS logo mark is attached. TLSXF0159 UV-VIS Fiber Light Source L7893 Series This light source L7893 series incorporates a highly stable L2D2 lamp and a Tungsten lamp into a single compact housing with an optical fiber light guide. The combination of these two lamps covers a wide spectral range from 200 nm to 1100 nm, yet offers highly stable light output and long service life. This light source L7893 series is ideal for a compact analytical equipment such as miniature grating units, portable spectrophotometers and reflection meters. TLSXF0148 Lamp Housing E8039 This lamp housing was designed to allow easy operation of deuterium lamps such as L2D2 lamps and provide full lamp performance. It accommodates a lamp with a flange so that no optical alignment is required. The built-in interlock and forced-air cooling functions ensure high safety. Collimating lenses and fiber guide adaptors are also available as easy-to-replace options, which easily attach to the light exit and allow obtaining the desired light beam. For details, please refer to the catalogs which are available from our sales office. CE Marking This catalog contains products which are subject to CE Marking of European Union Directives. For further details, please consult Hamamatsu sales office. USA 6, PATENTS PENDING: JAPAN 7, USA 1, EUROPE 7 *PATENTS: Information furnished by Hamamatsu is believed to be reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. Specifications are *subject to change without notice. No patent rights are granted to any of the circuits described herein. ©2001 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. WEB SITE URL http://www.hamamatsu.com HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K., Electron Tube Center 314-5, Shimokanzo, Toyooka-village, Iwata-gun, Shizuoka-ken, 438-0193, Japan, Telephone: (81)539/62-5248, Fax: (81)539/62-2205 U.S.A.: Hamamatsu Corporation: 360 Foothill Road, P. O. Box 6910, Bridgewater. N.J. 08807-0910, U.S.A., Telephone: (1)908-231-0960, Fax: (1)908-231-1218 E-mail: [email protected] Germany: Hamamatsu Photonics Deutschland GmbH: Arzbergerstr. 10, D-82211 Herrsching am Ammersee, Germany, Telephone: (49)8152-375-0, Fax: (49)8152-2658 E-mail: [email protected] France: Hamamatsu Photonics France S.A.R.L.: 8, Rue du Saule Trapu, Parc du Moulin de Massy, 91882 Massy Cedex, France, Telephone: (33)1 69 53 71 00, Fax: (33)1 69 53 71 10 E-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom: Hamamatsu Photonics UK Limited: 2 Howard Court, 10 Tewin Road Welwyn Garden City Hertfordshire AL7 1BW, United Kingdom, Telephone: 44-(0)1707-294888, Fax: 44(0)1707-325777 E-mail: [email protected] North Europe: Hamamatsu Photonics Norden AB: Smidesvägen 12, SE-171-41 SOLNA, Sweden, Telephone: (46)8-509-031-00, Fax: (46)8-509-031-01 E-mail: [email protected] Italy: Hamamatsu Photonics Italia: S.R.L.: Strada della Moia, 1/E, 20020 Arese, (Milano), Italy, Telephone: (39)02-935 81 733, Fax: (39)02-935 81 741 E-mail: [email protected] TLSO1027E05 SEPT. 2002 IP (0106) Printed in Japan (500)