Secondary-Side Controller with Current Share and Housekeeping ADM1041A INTERFACE AND INTERNAL FEATURES FEATURES SMBus interface (I2C-compatible) Voltage-error amplifier Differential current sense Sense resistor or current transformer option Overvoltage protection Undervoltage protection Overcurrent protection Overtemperature protection Start-up undervoltage blanking Programmable digital debounce and delays 352-byte EEPROM available for field data 160-byte EEPROM for calibration Ground continuity monitoring Digital calibration via internal EEPROM Supports SSI specification Comprehensive fault detection Reduced component count on secondary side Standalone or microcontroller control SECONDARY-SIDE FEATURES Generates error signal for primary-side PWM Output voltage adjustment and margining Current sharing Current-limit adjustment OrFET control Programmable soft-start slew rate Standalone or microcontroller operation Differential load voltage sense AC mains undervoltage detection (ac sense) Overvoltage protection APPLICATIONS Network servers Web servers Power supply control OrFET RS VOUT RLOAD GND VDD VDD BIAS PWM CONTROLLER VDD ADM1041A VDD THERMISTOR VDD OTP VDD FG CBD CS–/VLS FD SHRO CS+ SHRS VDD VS + VCMP VS– ICT PULSE AC_OK MON2 DC_OK PSON PEN ADD0 CCMP SCMP SCL SDA GND SHARE BUS VOUT VS + VS– MICROCONTROLLER 05405-001 OPTIONAL ISOLATION BARRIER Figure 1. Typical Application Circuit Rev. 0 Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781.326.8703 © 2005 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. ADM1041A TABLE OF CONTENTS General Description ......................................................................... 3 ISHARE Error Amplifier................................................................. 22 Sample Application Circuit Description ................................... 3 ISHARE Clamp ................................................................................ 22 Specifications..................................................................................... 6 SHARE_OK Detector ................................................................ 23 Absolute Maximum Ratings.......................................................... 13 Pulse/ACSENSE2............................................................................. 24 Thermal Characteristics ............................................................ 13 Pulse ............................................................................................. 24 ESD Caution................................................................................ 13 ACSENSE.......................................................................................... 24 Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions........................... 14 OrFET Gate Drive ...................................................................... 25 Terminology ................................................................................ 16 Oscillator and Timing Generators ............................................... 27 Theory of Operation ...................................................................... 18 Logic I/O and Monitor Pins...................................................... 27 Power Management.................................................................... 18 SMBus Serial Port....................................................................... 30 Gain Trimming and Configuration ......................................... 18 Microprocessor Support............................................................ 30 Differential Remote Sense Amplifier....................................... 19 Broadcasting................................................................................ 30 Set Load Voltage ......................................................................... 19 SMBus Serial Interface............................................................... 30 Load Overvoltage (OV) ............................................................. 19 General SMBus Timing ............................................................. 31 Local Voltage Sense .................................................................... 19 SMBus Protocols for RAM and EEPROM.............................. 33 Local Overvoltage Protection (OVP) ...................................... 19 SMBus Read Operations ........................................................... 35 Local Undervoltage Protection (UVP) .................................... 19 SMBus Alert Response Address (ARA) .................................. 36 False UV Clamp.......................................................................... 19 Support for SMBus 1.1............................................................... 36 Voltage Error Amplifier............................................................. 20 Layout Considerations............................................................... 36 Main Voltage Reference ............................................................. 20 Power-Up Auto-Configuration ................................................ 36 Current-Sense Amplifier ........................................................... 20 Extended SMBus Addressing.................................................... 37 Current Sensing .......................................................................... 21 Backdoor Access......................................................................... 37 Current-Transformer Input ...................................................... 21 Register Listing ............................................................................... 38 Current-Sense Calibration ........................................................ 21 Detailed Register Descriptions ..................................................... 39 Current-Limit Error Amplifier................................................. 21 Manufacturing Data................................................................... 48 Overcurrent Protection ............................................................. 22 Microprocessor Support ................................................................ 49 Current Share .............................................................................. 22 Test Name Table.............................................................................. 51 Current-Share Offset.................................................................. 22 Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 53 ISHARE Drive Amplifier ................................................................ 22 Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 53 Differential Sense Amplifier ..................................................... 22 REVISION HISTORY 7/05—Revision 0: Initial Version Rev. 0 | Page 2 of 56 ADM1041A GENERAL DESCRIPTION The ADM1041A is manufactured with a 5 V CMOS process and combines digital and analog circuitry. An internal EEPROM provides added flexibility for trimming timing and voltage and selecting various functions. Programming is done via an SMBus serial port that also allows communication capability with a microprocessor or microcontroller. The usual configuration using this IC is on a one-per-output voltage rail. Output from the IC can be wire-OR’ed together or bused in parallel and read by a microprocessor. A key feature on this IC is support for an OrFET circuit when higher efficiency or power density is required. SAMPLE APPLICATION CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION Figure 1 shows a sample application circuit using the ADM1041A. The primary side is not detailed and the focus is on the secondary side of the power supply. The ADM1041A controls the output voltage from the power supply to the designed programmed value. This programmed value is determined during power supply design and is digitally adjusted via the serial interface. Digital adjustment of the current sense and current limit is also calibrated via the serial interface, as are all of the internal timing specifications. Another key feature of the ADM1041A is its control of an OrFET. The OrFET causes lower power dissipation across the OR'ing diode. The main function of the OrFET is to disconnect the power supply from the load in the event of a fault occurring during steady state operation, for example, if a filter capacitor or rectifier fails and causes a short. This eliminates the risk of bringing down the load voltage that is supplied by the redundant configuration of other power supplies. In the case of a short, a reverse voltage is generated across the OrFET. This reverse voltage is detected by the ADM1041A and the OrFET is shut down via the FG pin. This intervention prevents any interruption on the power supply bus. The ADM1041A can then be interrogated via the serial interface to determine why the power supply has shut down. This application circuit also demonstrates how temperature can be monitored within a power supply. A thermistor is connected between the VDD and MON2 pins. The thermistor’s voltage varies with temperature. The MON2 input can be programmed to trip a flag at a voltage corresponding to an overheating power supply. The resulting action may be to turn on an additional cooling fan to help regulate the temperature within the power supply. RSENSE OPTOCOUPLER AC PULSE SENSE ERROR AMP The control loop consists of a number of elements, notably the inputs to the loop and the output of the loop. The ADM1041A takes the loop inputs and determines what, if any, adjustments DIFF CURRENT SENSE OrFET CONTROL CURRENT SHARE SHARE BUS SOFT START DIFF LOAD AND LOCAL VOLTAGE SENSE VOLT, TEMP MONITOR AND FAULT DETECTION ADM1041A are needed to maintain a stable output. To maintain a stable loop, the ADM1041A uses three main inputs: • • • LOAD PWM + PRIMARY DRIVER EEPROM AND RAM AND TRIM (μC OR STANDALONE OPERATION) SMBus μC 05405-002 The ADM1041A is a secondary-side and management IC specifically designed to minimize external component counts and to eliminate the need for manual calibration or adjustment on the secondary-side controller. The principle application of this IC is to provide voltage control, current share, and housekeeping functions for single output in N+1 server power supplies. Figure 2. Application Block Diagram Remote voltage sense Load current sense Current sharing information Differences Between the ADM1041A and ADM1041 For all new designs, it is recommended to use the ADM1041A. In this example, a resistor divider senses the output current as a voltage drop across a sense resistor (RS) and feeds a portion into the ADM1041A. Remote local voltage sense is monitored via VS+ and VS− pins. Finally, current sharing information is fed back via the share bus. These three elements are summed together to generate a control signal (VCMP), which closes the loop via an optocoupler to the primary side PWM controller. The parts differ as follows: • The ADM1041 allows the internal VREF voltage reference to be accessed at Pin 18. This is not accessible using the ADM1041A. • The ADM1041A has longer VDDOK debounce and VDDOV debounce than the ADM1041. • The GND_OK Disable bit (Register 11h) does not disable when using the ADM1041. It does disable when using the ADM1041A. Rev. 0 | Page 3 of 56 Figure 3. ADM1041A Diagram, Part 1 Rev. 0 | Page 4 of 56 05405-003 CURRENT TRANSFORMER TRANSFORMER CURRENTSENSE CONFIGURATON CCMP ICT ACSENSE2 9 4 8 10 PULSE ACSENSE1 1.5V 40kΩ GAIN = 10 TRIM HYSTERESIS SELECT ACSENSE CURRENT SENSE 5.3kΩ 5.3kΩ 0.525V REG 17h b7 SET GAIN 1 mSec R CLK Q 1 Sec CLK Q R R IRS/ ICT SQ R SQ SET CURRENT SHARE AC SENSE AC_OK PULSEOK 3 VREF SET CURRENTLIMIT LEVEL CURRENT SHARE OFFSET (VSHARE, IOUT = 0) 2 9R CURRENT-LIMIT ERROR AMP R CS–/FS /VLS VREF VDD CS+ CURRENT 6 SHAREOK FD REVERSEOK CURRENT SHARE 50mV POLARITY 50mV 50kΩ DIFFERENTIAL SENSE ISHARE DRIVE AMPLIFIER ISHARE CLAMP 50kΩ 50kΩ 50kΩ 60μA ORFET CONTROL ISHARE ERROR AMPLIFIER OrFET OK TO VOLTAGE ERROR AMP VREF REVERSE VOLTAGE DETECTOR PENOK LOADVOK V = VOUT + 10V 20 23 24 22 19 VDD 12V DRAIN R2 R1 REMOTE –VE SENSE 1N4148 SHARE BUS VOUT GAIN = (R1 + R2)/R2 VS– /SHRS– SHRS+ SHRO SCMP FG SOURCE GATE ADM1041A Figure 4. ADM1041A Diagram, Part 2 Rev. 0 | Page 5 of 56 ALL POTENTIOMETERS ( ARE DIGITALLY PROGRAMMBALE THROUGH REGISTERS XX STANDARD I/O PIN XX HIGH VOLTAGE ANALOG I/O PIN 05405-004 3. 2. 1. NOTES: REMOTE SENSE FROM LOAD 4.4V 4.0V 2.0V 7 GND 0.2V SET LOAD VOLTAGE 35kΩ 35kΩ AUXILIARY REFERENCE 10μs–20μs gndok_dis GNDOK GROUND MONITOR OVP UVLHI UVLLO POR MAIN BAND GAP SET UVP THRESHOLD SET OVP THRESHOLD SET UV CLAMP THRESHOLD ×1.3 35kΩ 35kΩ VOLTAGE SENSE 6.0V–6.5V 20 ) 1 2 20 21 VS– VDD VLS VS– VS+ Q R Q S R Q S VREF 1.25V UVP OVP VDDOV VDDOK LOADVOK POWER MANAGEMENT INTREFOK REFERENCE MONITOR EXTREFOK 1.25V INTERNAL REFERENCE 2.5V 1.5V FALSE UV CLAMP SET LOAD OVERVOLTAGE GENERAL LOGIC PEN CBD DC_OK AC_OK CLOCK PSON MON4 MON3 MON2 MON1 MON5 15 13 12 11 17 18 16 17 16 10 9 18 CS LOGIC AND GPIO VOLTAGE ERROR AMP 5 14 1.25V 2.5V 3V 70μA SCL PEN STATUS (READ REGISTERS) CONFIGURE I/Os CONTROL LINES SERIAL INTERFACE CONFIGURE (WRITE REGISTERS) PWRON CONTROL REGISTERS VDDOV VDDOK RESET SHAREOK AC_OK PENOK UVP OVP OCP SHAREOK OCP ORFETOK AC_OK PENOK 1.25V 1V 1.5V VREF CAPTURE SOFT-START RAMP UP VOLTAGE ERROR AMP ORFETOK OCPF CURRENT SHARE DIFF. VOLTAGE SENSE CURRENT LIMIT SCL/ AC_OKLink SDA/ PSONLINK ADD0 PEN CBD/ALERT DC_OK AC_OK PSON MON4 MON3 MON2 MON1 OTP/ MON5 VCMP ADM1041A ADM1041A SPECIFICATIONS TA = –40 to +85°C, VDD = 5 V ± 10%, unless otherwise noted. Table 1. Parameter SUPPLIES VDD IDD, Current Consumption Peak IDD, during EEPROM Erase Cycle 1, 2 UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT, VDD Start-Up Threshold Stop Threshold Hysteresis POWER BLOCK PROTECTION VDD Overvoltage VDD Overvoltage Debounce Open Ground VDDOK Debounce POWER-ON RESET DC Level DIFFERENTIAL LOAD VOLTAGE SENSE INPUT, (VS−, VS+) VS− Input Voltage VS+ Input Voltage VS− Input Resistance VS+ Input Resistance VNOM Adjustment Range Set Load Voltage Trim Step Min Typ Max Unit 4.5 5.0 6 5.5 10 40 V mA mA 4 3.7 4.3 4 0.3 4.5 4.2 V V V 5.8 300 0.1 250 6.2 500 0.2 400 6.5 700 0.35 500 V μs V μs 1.5 2.2 2.75 V 0.5 VDD – 2 1.7 to 2.3 0.10 to 0.14 1.74 to 3.18 V V kΩ kΩ V % mV Set Load Overvoltage Trim Range Set Load Overvoltage Trim Step 105 to 120 0.09 1.6 % % mV Recover from Load OV False to FG True 100 200 300 400 2 μs μs μs μs μs Operate Time from Load OV to FG False Test Conditions/Comments See Figure 9. 35 500 Rev. 0 | Page 6 of 56 Latching VGND positive with respect to VS− VDDOK VDD rising See Figure 6. VNOM = (VS+ – VS−); VNOM is typically 2 V Voltage on Pin 20 Voltage on Pin 21 1.7 V ≤ VNOM ≤ 2.3 V typ 8 bits, 255 steps Reg 19h[7:0]. See Table 34 1.7 V ≤ VNOM ≤ 2.3 V min 8 bits, 255 step/s Reg 08h[7:0]. See Table 17. VS+ = 2.24 V Reg 03h[1:0] = 00. See Table 12. Reg 03h[1:0] = 01. See Table 12. Reg 03h[1:0] = 10. See Table 12. Reg 03h[1:0] = 11. See Table 12. ADM1041A Parameter LOCAL VOLTAGE SENSE, VLS, AND FALSE UV CLAMP Input Voltage Range 3 Stage Gain False UV Clamp, VLS, Input Voltage Nominal, and Trim Range Clamp Trim Step Clamp Trim Step Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments See Figure 9. (VDD – 2) V Set by external resistor divider. At VLS = 1.8 V 1.3 2.3 1.3 1.85 2.1 V 0.2 3.1 Local Overvoltage Nominal and Trim Range OV Trim Step OV Trim Step 1.9 Noise Filter, for OVP Function Only Local Undervoltage Nominal and Trim Range UV Trim Step UV Trim Step 5 1.3 Noise Filter, for UVP Function Only VOLTAGE ERROR AMPLIFIER, VCMP Reference Voltage VREF_SOFT_START Temperature Stability2 Long-Term Voltage Stability2 Soft-Start Period Range Set Soft-Start Period Unity Gain Bandwidth, GBW Transconductance Source Current Sink Current DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT SENSE INPUT, CS−, CS+ Common-Mode Range External Divider Tolerance Trim Range (With Respect to Input) External Divider Tolerance Trim Step Size (With Respect to Input) 2.4 % mV 2.85 0.15 3.7 1.7 V % mV 25 2.1 0.18 3.1 VRANGE 8 bits, 255 steps Reg 0Ah[7:0]. See Table 19. μs V % mV 300 600 μs 1.49 1.51 V μV/°C % ms μs ms ms ms MHz mA/V μA μA VRANGE 8 bits, 255 steps, Reg 09h[7:0]. See Table 18. −5 V mV See Figure 15. TA = 25°C −40°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C Over 1,000 hr, TJ = 125°C Ramp is 7 bit, 127 steps Reg 10h[3:2] = 00. See Table 25. Reg 10h[3:2] = 01. See Table 25. Reg 10h[3:2] = 10. See Table 25. Reg 10h[3:2] = 11. See Table 25. See Figure 11. At IVCMP = ±180 μA At VVCMP > 1 V At VVCMP < VDD − 1 V Reg 17h[7] = 0. See Table 18. ISENSE mode. See Figure 13. Set by external divider Reg 16h[5:3] = 000. See Table 31. −10 −20 5 10 20 20 39 78 mV mV mV mV mV μV μV μV Reg 16h[5:3] = 001. See Table 31. Reg 16h[5:3] = 010. See Table 31. Reg 16h[5:3] = 100. See Table 31. Reg 16h[5:3] = 101. See Table 31. Reg 16h[5:3] = 110. See Table 31. VCM = 2.0 V 8 bits, 255 steps Reg 14h[7:0]. See Table 29. ±100 ±0.2 0 1.9 250 250 VRANGE 8 bits, 255 steps, Reg 18h[7:0]. See Table 33. 40 300 10 20 40 1 2.7 0 3.5 (VDD – 2) Rev. 0 | Page 7 of 56 ADM1041A Parameter DC Offset Trim Range (with Respect to Input) Min DC Offset Trim Step Size (with respect to input) Typ −8 −15 −30 8 15 30 30 50 120 Max Unit mV mV mV mV mV mV μV μV μV CURRENT SENSE CALIBRATION Total Current Sense Error2 (Gain and Offset) Gain Range (ISENSE) Gain Setting 1 (Reg 16h[2:0] = 000) Gain Setting 2 (Reg 16h[2:0] = 001) Gain Setting 3 (Reg 16h[2:0] = 010) Gain Setting 4 (Reg 16h[2:0] = 100) Gain Setting 5 (Reg 16h[2:0] = 101) Gain Setting 6 (Reg 16h[2:0] = 110) Full Scale (No Offset) Attenuation Range Current Share Trim Step (at SHRO) ±3 ±6 % % 65 85 110 135 175 230 2.0 65 to 99 0.4 8 +5 V/V V/V V/V V/V V/V V/V V % % mV % Gain Accuracy2, 4, 40 mV at CS+, CS− −5 Gain Accuracy2, 4, 20 mV at CS+, CS− −5 ±1 +5 % Gain Accuracy2, 4, 40 mV at CS+, CS– −2.5 ±0.5 +2.5 % SHARE BUS OFFSET Current Share Offset Range 1.25 V Zero Current Offset Trim Step 0.4 5.5 % mV Gain Setting 0 4.5 V/V Gain Setting 1 2.57 V/V CURRENT TRANSFORMER SENSE INPUT, ICT CT Input Sensitivity CT Input Sensitivity Input Impedance2 Source Current Source Current Step Size Reverse Current for Extended SMBus Addressing (Source Current) 5 0.45 0.79 20 3.5 0.5 1.0 50 2.0 170 5 0.68 1.20 7 Rev. 0 | Page 8 of 56 V V kΩ μA nA mA Test Conditions/Comments Reg 17h[2:0] = 000. See Table 32 . Reg 17h[2:0] = 001. See Table 32. Reg 17h[2:0] = 010. See Table 32. Reg 17h[2:0] = 100. See Table 32. Reg 17h[2:0] = 101. See Table 32. Reg 17h[2:0] = 110. See Table 32. VCM = 2.0 V, VDIFF = 0 V 8 bits, 255 steps Reg 15h[7:0]. See Table 30. VCSCM = 2.0V, 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C, SHRS = SHRO = 2 V. Gain = 230x. Chopper on Chopper off Max input voltage range at CS+, CS− 34 mV – 44.5 mV. Gain = 65×. 26 mV – 34 mV. Gain = 85×. 20 mV – 26 mV. Gain = 110×. 16 mV – 20 mV. Gain = 135×. 12 mV – 16 mV. Gain = 175×. 9.5 mV – 12 mV. Gain = 230× VZO = 0 Reg 06h[7:1]. See Table 15. SHRS = SHRO = 1 V 7 bits, 127 steps ISHARE slope 0 V ≤ VCSCM ≤ 0.3 V. Gain = 65×. VCSCM = input common mode. VCSCM = 2.0 V, 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C. Gain = 135× VCSCM = 2.0 V, 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C. Gain = 65× See Figure 13. Reg 17h[7] = 1. See Table 32. Reg 17h[5] = 1. See Table 32. 0 ≤ VTRIM ≤ 1.25 V 8 bits, 255 steps, VCT = 1.0 V Reg 05h[7:0]. See Table 14. Reg 17h[7] = 1. See Table 32. Reg 06h = FEh. See Table 15. Reg 17h[5] = 0, VSHARE = 2 V. See Table 31 Reg 17h[5] = 1. See Table 32. Reg 15h = 05h, approx 1 μA. See Table 30. VSHARE = 2 V. Gain setting = 4.5 Gain setting = 2.57 See Current-Transformer Input Section. 15 steps Reg 15h[3:0]. See Table 30. See Figure 38 and the Absolute Maximum Ratings section. ADM1041A Parameter CURRENT LIMIT ERROR AMPLIFIER Current Limit Trim Range2 Current Limit Trim Step Current Limit Trim Step Transconductance Output Source Current Output Sink Current CURRENT SHARE DRIVER Output Voltage 6 Short Circuit Source Current Source Current Sink Current CURRENT SHARE DIFFERENTIAL SENSE AMPLIFIER VS– Input Voltage VSHRS Input Voltage Input Impedance2 Gain CURRENT SHARE ERROR AMPLIFIER Transconductance, SHRS to SCMP Output Source Current Output Sink Current Input Offset Voltage Min 105 Capture Threshold FET OR GATE DRIVE Output Low Level (On) Output Leakage Current REVERSE VOLTAGE COMPARATOR, FS, FD Common-Mode Range Max Unit 130 % % mV 1.1 26.5 100 200 40 40 300 (VDD – 0.4) 60 65 100 1.0 100 200 40 40 50 40 Share OK Window Comparator Threshold (Share Drive Error) CURRENT LIMIT Current Limit Control Lower Threshold Current Limit Control Upper Threshold CURRENT SHARE CAPTURE Current Share Capture Range Typ V mA mA 100 μA 0.5 VDD – 2 V V kΩ V/V Voltage on Pin 20 Voltage on Pin 23 VSHRS = 0.5 V, VS− = 0.5 V 300 μA/V μA μA mV ISCMP = ±20 μA VSCMP > 1 V VSCMP < VDD – 1 V Master/slave arbitration 60 mV mV mV mV 1.3 1 2 3 4 1.0 −5 0.25 2.0 2.0 ≤ VSHARE ≤ 2.8 V typ, 5 bits, 31 steps. Reg 04h[7:3]. See Table 13. ICCMP = ±20 μA. See Figure 12. VCCMP = >1 V VCCMP = <VDD – 1 V See Figure 15 RL = 1 kΩ, VSHRS ≤ VDD – 2 V 55 15 ±100 ±200 ±300 ±400 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 0.6 μA/V μA μA Test Conditions/Comments See Figure 13 After ISHARE calibration 3.5 V V 1.3 2.6 3.9 5.2 1.4 % % % % V 0.4 0.8 +5 V V μA (VDD – 2) V Rev. 0 | Page 9 of 56 Current at which VOUT does not drop by more than 5% VSHARE = 2.0 V See Figure 15 SHRS = 2 V ± SHRTHRESH Reg 04h[1:0] = 00. See Table 13. Reg 04h[1:0] = 01. See Table 13. Reg 04h[1:0] = 10. See Table 13. Reg 04h[1:0] = 11. See Table 13. Figure 10 VCCMP = 0.7 V, VS+ = 1.5 V VS+ = 0 V, VSCMP = 0 V VSCMP = 3.5 V. Reg 10h[5:4] = 00. See Table 25. Reg 10h[5:4] = 01. See Table 25. Reg 10h[5:4] = 10. See Table 25. Reg 10h[5:4] = 11. See Table 25. Open-drain N-channel FET IIO = 5 mA IIO = 10 mA VCS− = FS Voltage set by CS resistor divider. Voltage on CS− pin, TA = 25°C. ADM1041A Parameter Reverse Voltage Detector Turn-Off Threshold Min Typ Max Unit 100 150 200 250 mV mV mV mV 20 30 40 50 mV mV mV mV kΩ kΩ Reverse Voltage Detector Turn-On Threshold FD Input Impedance FS Input Impedance ACSENSE1/ACSENSE2 COMPARATOR 500 20 Reg 12h[2] = 0 Reg 0Dh[3:2] = 00. See Table 22 . Reg 12h[2] = 1 Reg 0Eh[7:6] = 00. See Table 23. AC or Bulk Sense Threshold Voltage Threshold Adjust Range 1.25 1.10 1.40 V V Threshold Trim Step 0.8 10 % mV Hysteresis Adjust Range Hysteresis Trim Step 200−550 50 mV mV Noise Filter PULSE-IN Threshold Voltage PULSE_OK On Delay PULSE_OK Off Delay OSCILLATOR OCP OCP Threshold Voltage2 0.6 0.8 −5 0.3 OCP Shutdown Delay Time (Continuous Period in Current Limit) OCP Fast Shutdown Delay Time MON1, MON2, MON3, MON4 Sense Voltage Hysteresis OVP Noise Filter UVP Noise Filter OTP (MON5) Sense Voltage Range OTP Trim Step Hysteresis Test Conditions/Comments VCS− = 2 V for threshold specs Reg 03h[7:6] = 00. See Table 12. Reg 03h[7:6] = 01. See Table 12. Reg 03h[7:6] = 10. See Table 12. Reg 03h[7:6] = 11. See Table 12. VCS− = 2 V for threshold specs Reg 03h[5:4] = 00. See Table 12. Reg 03h[5:4] = 01. See Table 12. Reg 03h[5:4] = 10. See Table 12. Reg 03h[5:4] = 11. See Table 12. 1 0.525 1 1 0.5 ms 1.2 +5 V μs s % 0.7 V 1 s 2 3 4 s s s ms 0 1.21 1.2 100 1.25 0.1 1.29 5 300 25 600 2.2 2.45 Min: DAC = 0 Max: DAC = Full Scale 1.10 ≤ VTRIM ≤ 1.4 V 5 bits, 31 steps Reg 0Ch[7:3]. See Table 21. VACSENSE > 1 V, RTHEVENIN = 909R 200 ≤ VTRIM ≤ 550 mV. 7 steps Reg 0Ch[2:0]. See Table 21. Unless otherwise specified Force CCMP for drop in VCMP Reg 11h[2] = 0. See Table 26. Reg 12h[4:3] = 00. See Table 27. Reg 12h[4:3] = 01. See Table 27. Reg 12h[4:3] = 10. See Table 27. Reg 12h[4:3] = 11. See Table 27. Reg 11h[2] = 1. See Table 26. VCCMP = 1.5 V V V μs μs Reg 0Fh[4:2] = 01x or 10x. See Table 24. 24 100 130 160 Rev. 0 | Page 10 of 56 V mV μA 2.1 ≤ VTRIM ≤ 2.45 V 4 bits, 15 steps, Reg 0Bh[7:4]. See Table 20. VOTP = 2 V ADM1041A Parameter OVP Noise Filter Min 5 UVP Noise Filter 300 PSON 7 Input Low Level 8 Input High Level8 Debounce PEN7, DC_OK7, CBD, AC_OK Open-Drain N-Channel Option Output Low Level = On8 Open-Drain P-Channel Output High Level = On8 Leakage Current DC_OK7 DC_OK, On Delay (Power-On and OK Delay) Max 25 Unit μs 600 μs 0.8 V V ms ms ms ms 2.0 80 0 40 160 2.4 −5 0.4 V +5 V μA 400 200 800 1600 2 0 1 4 DC_OK, Off Delay (Power-Off Early Warning) SMBus, SDL/SCL Input Voltage Low8 Input Voltage High8 Output Voltage Low8 Pull-Up Current Leakage Current ADD0, HARDWIRED ADDRESS BIT ADD0 Low Level8 ADD0 Floating ADD0 High8 SERIAL BUS TIMING Clock Frequency Glitch Immunity, tSW Bus Free Time, tBUF Start Setup Time, tSU;STA Start Hold Time, tHD;STA SCL Low Time, tLOW SCL High Time, tHIGH SCL, SDA Rise Time, tR SCL, SDA Fall Time, tF Data Setup Time, tSU;DAT Data Hold Time, tHD;DAT EEPROM RELIABILITY Endurance 9 Data Retention 10 Typ ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms 0.8 2.2 0.4 350 +5 100 −5 0.4 VDD/2 VDD − 0.5 Test Conditions/Comments Reg 0Fh[4:2] = 010 or 100. See Table 24. Reg 0Fh[4:2] = 011 or 101. See Table 24. Reg 0Eh[4:2] = 00x. See Table 23. Reg 0Fh[1:0] = 00. See Table 24. Reg 0Fh[1:0] = 01. See Table 24. Reg 0Fh[1:0] = 10. See Table 24. Reg 0Fh[1:0] = 11. See Table 24. ISINK = 4 mA VOH_PEN ISOURCE = 4 mA Reg 0Fh[7:5] = 00x. See Table 24. Reg 0Eh[1:0] = 00. See Table 23. Reg 0Eh[1:0] = 01. See Table 23. Reg 0Eh[1:0] = 10. See Table 23. Reg 0Eh[1:0] = 11. See Table 23. Reg 10h[7:6] = 00. See Table 25. Reg 10h[7:6] = 01. See Table 25. Reg 10h[7:6] = 10. See Table 25. Reg 10h[7:6] = 11. See Table 25. V V V μA μA VDD = 5 V, ISINK = 4 mA V V V Floating See Figure 5 400 50 4.7 4.7 4 4.7 4 1000 300 250 300 100 100 250 Rev. 0 | Page 11 of 56 kHz ns μs μs μs μs μs ns ns ns ns k cycles Years ADM1041A 1 This specification is a measure of IDD during an EEPROM page erase cycle. The current is a dynamic. Refer to Figure 29 for a typical IDD plot during an EEPROM page erase. 2 This specification is not production tested, but is supported by characterization data at initial product release. 3 Four external divider resistors are the same ratio, which is selected to produce 2.0 V nominal at Pin 21 while at zero load current. Recommended values are RTOP RBOTTOM 3.3 V 680R 1K 5.0 V 1K.5 1K 12 V 5K1 1K 4 Chopper off. The maximum specification here is the maximum source current of Pin 8 as specified by the Absolute Maximum Ratings. 6 All internal amplifiers accept inputs with common range from GND to VDD − 2 V. The output is rail-to-rail, but the input is limited to GND to VDD − 2 V. See Figure 6. 7 These pins can be configured as open-drain N-channel or P-channel, (except PSON) and as normal or inverted logic polarity. 8 A logic true or false is defined strictly according to the signal name. Low and high refer to the pin or signal voltages. 9 Endurance is qualified to 100,000 cycles as per JEDEC Std. 22, Method A117, and measured at −40°C, +25°C, and +85°C. Typical endurance at +25°C is 250,000 cycles. 10 Retention lifetime equivalent at junction temperature (TJ) = 55°C as per JEDEC Std. 22, Method A117. Retention lifetime based on an activation energy of 0.6 V. Derates with junction temperature. 5 tLOW tR tF tHD:STA SCL tHD:STA tHD:DAT tHIGH tSU:STA tSU:DAT tSU:STO tBUF S S P Figure 5. Serial Bus Timing Diagram SHRO VA VA = VDD – 0.4V R1 SHRS+ VB VB = VDD – 2V R1 SHRS– R1 + R2 ≥ 1kΩ 05405-006 P Figure 6. Amplifier Inputs and Outputs Rev. 0 | Page 12 of 56 05405-005 SDA ADM1041A ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Table 2. Parameter Supply Voltage (Continuous), VDD Data Pins SDA, SCL, VDATA Continuous Power at 25°C, PD-QSOP24 Operating Temperature, TAMB Junction Temperature, TJ Storage Temperature, TSTG Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 Seconds), TL ESD Protection on All Pins, VESD Thermal Resistance, Junction to Air, θJA ICT Source Current1 1 Rating 6.5 V VDD + 0.5 V, GND − 0.3 V 450 mW −40°C to +85°C 150°C −60°C to +150°C 300°C Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS 24-lead QSOP: θJA = 150°C/W 2 kV 150°C/W 7 mA This is the maximum current that can be sourced out from Pin 8 (ICT pin). ESD CAUTION ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although this product features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality. Rev. 0 | Page 13 of 56 ADM1041A PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS VDD 1 24 SHRO 23 SHRS+ VLS/CS–/FS 2 22 SCMP CS+ 3 21 VS+ CCMP 4 20 VS–/SHRS– VCMP 5 GND 7 ICT 8 PULSE/ACSENSE1/MON1 9 ACSENSE2/MON2 10 CBD/ALERT 11 PEN 12 ADM1041A 19 FG TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) 18 AC_OK/OTP/MON5 17 DC_OK/MON4 16 PSON/MON3 15 ADD0 14 SDA/PSONLINK 13 SCL/AC_OKLink 05405-007 FD 6 Figure 7. Pin Configuration Table 3. Pin Function Descriptions Pin No. 1 2 Mnemonic VDD VLS/CS–/FS 3 CS+ 4 CCMP 5 VCMP 6 FD 7 GND 8 ICT 9 PULSE/ACSENSE1/ MON1 Description Positive Supply for the ADM1041A. Normal range is 4.5 V to 5.5 V. Absolute maximum rating is 6.5 V. Inverting Differential Current Sense Input, Local Voltage Sense Pin, and OrFET Source. These three functions are served by a common divider. The local voltage sense input is used for local overvoltage and undervoltage sensing. This pin also provides an input to the false UV clamp that prevents shutdown during an external load overvoltage condition. When supporting an OrFET circuit, this pin represents the FET source and is the inverting input of a differential amplifier looking for the presence of a reverse voltage across the FET, which might indicate a failure mode. Noninverting Differential Current Sense Input. The differential sensitivity of CS+ and CS– is normally around 10 mV to 40 mV at the input to the ADM1041A. Nulling any external divider offset is achieved by injecting a trimmable amount of current into either the inverting or noninverting input of the second stage of the current sense amplifier. A compensation circuit is used to ensure the amount of current for zero-offset tracks the common-mode voltage. Nulling of any amplifier offset is done in a similar manner except that it does not track the common-mode voltage. Current Error Amplifier Compensation. This pin is the output of the current limit transconductance error amplifier. A series resistor and a capacitor to ground are required for loop compensation. Voltage Error Amplifier Compensation. This is the output of a voltage error transconductance amplifier. Compensate with a series capacitor and resistor to ground. An external emitter-follower or buffer is typically used to drive an optocoupler. Output voltage positioning may be obtained by placing a second resistor directly to ground. Refer to Analog Devices applications notes on voltage positioning. A divider from the OrFET drain is connected here. A differential amplifier is then used to detect the presence of a reverse voltage across the FET, which indicates a fault condition and causes the OrFET gate to be pulled low. Ground. This pin is double bonded for extra reliability. If the ground pin goes positive with respect to the remote sense return (VS–) for a sustained period indicating that the negative remote sense line is disconnected, PEN is disabled. Input for Current Transformer. The sensitivity of this pin is suitable for the typical 0.5 V to 1 V signal that is normally available. If this function is enabled, the CS+ amplifier is disabled. This pin is also used for extended SMBus addressing, that is, pulled below ground to allow additional SMBus addresses. Pulse Present, AC/Bulk Sense 1, or Monitor 1 Input. PULSE: This tells the OrFET circuit that the voltage from the power transformer is normal. A peak hold allows the OrFET circuit to pass through the pulse skipping that occurs with very light loads, but turns off the circuit about one second after the last pulse is recognized. ACSENSE1: This sense function also uses the peak voltage on this pin to measure the bulk capacitor voltage. If too low, AC_OK and DC_OK can warn of an imminent loss of power. Threshold level and hysteresis can be trimmed. When not selected, ACSENSE1 defaults to true. MON1: When MON1 is selected for this pin, its input is compared against a 1.25 V comparator that could be used for monitoring a postregulated output; includes overvoltage, undervoltage, and overtemperature conditions. Rev. 0 | Page 14 of 56 ADM1041A Pin No. 10 Mnemonic ACSENSE2/MON2 11 CBD/ALERT 12 PEN 13 SCL/AC_OKLink 14 SDA/PSONLINK 15 ADD0 16 PSON/MON3 17 DC_OK/MON4 18 AC_OK/OTP/ MON5 19 FG 20 VS–/SHRS– 21 VS+ 22 SCMP Description AC/Bulk Sense Input 2 or Monitor 2 Input. ACSENSE2: This alternative ACSENSE input can be used when the ACSENSE source must be different from that used for the OrFET. It also allows dc and optocoupled signals that are not suitable for the OrFET control. MON2: When MON2 is selected for this pin, its input is compared against a 1.25 V comparator that could be used for monitoring a postregulated output; includes overvoltage, undervoltage, and overtemperature conditions. CBD: The crowbar drive pin allows implementation of a fast shutdown in case of a load overvoltage fault. The pin can be configured as an open-drain N-channel or P-channel and is suitable for driving a sensitive gate SCR crowbar. An external transistor is required if a high gate current is needed. Either polarity may be selected. ALERT: This pin can be configured to provide an ALERT function in microprocessor-supported applications where any of several ICs in a redundant system that detects a problem can interrupt and shut down the power supply. An alternative use is as a general-purpose logic output signal. Power Enable. This pin can be configured as an open-drain N-channel or P-channel that typically drives the PEN optocoupler. Providing that the PSON pin has been asserted to turn the output on, and that there are no faults, this pin drives an optocoupler on enabling the primary PWM circuit. Either polarity may be selected. SCL: SMBus Serial Clock Input. AC_OKLink: In nonmicroprocessor applications, this pin can be programmed to give the status of ACSENSE to all the ICs on the same bus. The main effect is to turn on undervoltage blanking whenever the sense circuit monitoring ac or bulk dc detects a low voltage. SDA: SMBus Serial Data Input and Output. PSONLINK: In non-microprocessor applications, this pin can be programmed to provide the PSON status to other ICs. This allows just one IC to be the PSON interface to the host system, or the PSONLINK itself can be the PSON interface. Chip Address Pin. There are three addresses possible using this pin, which are achieved by tying ADD0 to ground, tying to VDD, or being left to float. One address bit is available via programming at the device/daughter card level, so the total number of addressable ICs can be increased to six. PSON: In nonmicroprocessor configurations, this is power supply on. As a standard I/O, this pin is rugged enough for direct interface with a customer’s system. Either polarity may be selected. MON3: When MON3 is selected for this pin, its input is compared against a 1.25 V comparator that could be used for monitoring a postregulated output; includes overvoltage, undervoltage, and overtemperature conditions. DC_OK: This pin is the output of a general-purpose digital I/O that can be configured as open-drain N-channel or open-drain P-channel suitable for wire-OR'ing with other ICs and direct interfacing with a customer’s system. Either polarity may be selected. MON4: When MON4 is selected for this pin, its input is compared against a 1.25 V comparator that could be used for overtemperature protection and for monitoring a postregulated output; includes overvoltage, undervoltage, and overtemperature conditions. Buffered Output, Overtemperature Protection, or Monitor 5. AC_OK: This option can be configured as N-channel or P-channel and as normal or inverted polarity. At system level, a true AC_OK is used to indicate that the primary bulk voltage is high enough to support the system and, when false, that dc output is about to fail. MON5: A further option is to configure this as an analog input, MON5, with a flexible hysteresis and trimmable 2.5 V reference. This makes the pin particularly suitable for overtemperature protection (OTP) sensing. Since hysteresis uses a switched 100 μA current source, hysteresis can be adjusted via the source impedance of the external circuit. It can also be used for OVP and UVP functions. FET Gate Enable. When supporting an OrFET circuit, this is the gate drive pin. Because the open-drain voltage on the chip is limited to VDD, an external level shifter is required to drive the higher gate voltages suitable for the OrFET. This pin is configured as an open-drain N-channel. Either output polarity, low = on or low = off, may be selected. This pin is used as the ground input reference for the current share and load voltage sense circuits. It should be tied to ground at the common remote sense location. The input impedance is about 35 kΩ to ground. This pin is the positive remote load voltage sense input and is normally divided down from the power supply output voltage to 2.0 V at no-load using an external voltage divider. The input impedance is high. Output of the Current Share Transconductance Error Amplifier. Compensation is a series capacitor and resistor to ground. While VDD is normal and PEN is false, this pin is clamped to ground. When the converter is enabled (PEN true) and the clamp is released, the compensation capacitor charges, providing a slow walk-in. The error amplifier input has a built-in bias so that all slaves in a parallel supply system do not compete with the master for control of the share bus. Rev. 0 | Page 15 of 56 ADM1041A Pin No. 23 Mnemonic SHRS+ 24 SHRO Description Current Share Sense. This is the noninverting input of a differential sense amplifier looking at the voltage on the share bus. For testing purposes, this pin is normally connected to SHRO. Calibration always expects this pin to be at 2.0 V with respect to SHRS–/VS–. If a higher share voltage is required, a resistor divider from SHRO or an additional gain stage, must be used. Current Share Output. This output is capable of driving the share bus of several power supplies between 0 V and VDD – 0.4 V (10 kΩ bus pull-down in each supply). Where a higher share bus voltage is required, an external amplifier is necessary. The current share output from the supply, when bused with the share output of other power supplies working in parallel, allows each of the supplies to contribute essentially equal currents to the load. Table 4. Default Pin States During EEPROM Download Pin No. 11 Mnemonic CBD 12 PEN 17 18 19 DC_OK AC_OK FG State High impedance (Hi-Z) at power-up and until the end of the EEPROM download (approximately 20 ms). This pin is reconfigured at the end of the EEPROM download. High impedance (Hi-Z) at power-up and until the end of the EEPROM download (approximately 20 ms). This pin is reconfigured at the end of the EEPROM download. Active low (low if DC_OK true) at power-up. This pin is reconfigured during the EEPROM download. Active low (low if DC_OK true) at power-up. This pin is reconfigured during the EEPROM download. High impedance (Hi-Z) at power-up and until the end of the EEPROM download (approximately 20 ms). This pin is reconfigured at the end of the EEPROM download. TERMINOLOGY Table 5. Mnemonic POR UVL CVMode CCMode UVP OVP OCP OTP UVB Description Power-On Reset. When VDD is initially applied to the ADM1041A, the POR function clears all latches and puts the logic into a state that allows a clean start-up. Undervoltage Lockout. This is used on VDD to prevent spurious modes of operation that might occur if VDD is below a specific voltage. Constant Voltage Mode. This is the normal mode of operation of the power supply main output. The output voltage remains constant over the whole range of current specified. Constant Current Mode. This mode of operation occurs when the output is overloaded until or unless a shutdown event is triggered. The output current control level remains constant down to 0 V. Undervoltage Protection. If the output being monitored is detected as going under voltage, the UVP function sends a fault signal. After a delay, PEN goes false, the output is disabled, and either latch-off or an autorestart occurs, depending on the mode selected. The DC_OK output also goes false immediately to show that the output is out of tolerance. Overvoltage Protection. If the output being monitored is detected as going over voltage, the OVP function latches and sends a fault signal, PEN goes false, and CBD goes true. The DC_OK output also goes false immediately. OVP faults are always latching and require the cycling of PSON or VDD or SMBus command to reset the latch. Overcurrent Protection. If the output being monitored is detected as going over current for a certain time, the OCP function sends out a fault signal that triggers a shutdown that can be latched or allowed to autorestart, depending on the mode selected. Prior to shutting down, the DC_OK output goes false warning the system that output is going to be lost. The latch is the same one used for OVP. For autorestart, the OCP timeout period is configurable. Overtemperature Protection. If the temperature being sensed is detected as going over the selected limit, the OTP function sends out a fault signal that triggers a shutdown that can be latched or allowed to auto-restart depending on the mode selected. Prior to shutting down, the DC_OK output goes false warning the system that output is going to be lost. The latch is the same one used for OVP. Undervoltage Blanking. The UVP function is blanked (disabled) during power-up or if the ACSENSE function is false (ac line voltage is low). When in constant current mode, UVB is disabled. The status of ACSENSE must be known to the IC, either by virtue of the on-board ACSENSE or communicated by the SMBus with the help of an external microprocessor or by using AC_OKLink. When in constant-current mode, due to an overload, UVB is applied for the overcurrent ride-through period. Rev. 0 | Page 16 of 56 ADM1041A Mnemonic DC_OK AC_OK DC_OK on delay DC_OK off delay Debounce Digital Noise Filter ACSENSE1 Pulse OK AC Hysteresis ACSENSE2 Soft-Start VDD–OVP VDD–UVL Auto Restart Mode VREF–MON GND–MON Description The DC_OK function advises the system on the status of the power supply. When it is false, the system is assured of at least 1 ms of operation if ac power is lost for any reason. Other turn-off modes provide more warning time. This pin is an open-drain output. It can be configured as a P-channel pull-up or an N-channel pull-down. It may also be configured as positive or negative (inverted) logic. The AC_OK function advises the system whether or not sufficient bulk voltage is present to allow reliable operation. The system may choose to shut down if this pin is false. The power supply normally tries to maintain normal operation as long as possible, although DC_OK goes false when only a millisecond or so of operation time is left. This pin is an open-drain output. It can be configured as a P-channel pull-up or an Nchannel pull-down. It may also be configured as positive or negative (inverted) logic. The DC_OK output is kept false for typically 100 ms to 900 ms during power-up. When the system is to be shut down in response to PSON going low, or in response to an OCP or OTP event, a signal is first sent to the DC_OK output to go false as a warning that power is about to be lost. PEN is signaled false typically 2 ms later (configurable). All of the inputs to the logic core are first debounced or digitally filtered to improve noise immunity. The debounce period for OV events is in the order of 16 μs, for UV events it is 450 μs, and for PSON it is typically 80 ms (configurable). A voltage from the secondary of the power transformer, which can provide an analog of the bulk supply, is rectified and lightly filtered and measured by the ac sense function. At start-up, if this voltage is adequate, this function signals the end-user system that it is okay to start. If a brown-out occurs or ac power is removed, this function can provide early warning that power is about to be lost and allow the system to shut down in an orderly manner. While ACSENSE is low, UVB is enabled, which means undervoltage protection is not initiated. If ac power is so low that the converter cannot continue to operate, other protection circuits on the primary side normally shut down the converter. When an adequate voltage level is resumed, a power-up cycle is initiated. As well as providing ACSENSE, the preceding connection to the transformer is used to gate the operation of the OrFET circuit. If the output of the transformer is good, the OrFET circuit allows gate drive to the OrFET. ACSENSE Hysteresis. Configurable voltage on the ACSENSE input allows the ACSENSE upper and lower threshold to be adjusted to suit different amounts of low frequency ripple present on the bulk capacitor. An alternate form of ac sense can be accepted by the ADM1041A. This may in the form of an opto-coupled signal from the primary side where the actual level sensing might be done. As with the above, while ac is low and UVB is disabled, AC_OK is false and DC_OK is true. Any brownout protection that might be required on the primary is done on the primary side. At start-up, the voltage reference to the voltage error amplifier is brought up slowly in approximately 127 steps to provide a controlled rate of rise of the output voltage. An OVP fault on the auxiliary supply to the ADM1041A causes a standard OVP operation (see the OVP function in this table). A UVL fault on the auxiliary supply to the IC causes a standard UVP operation (see the UVP function in this table). In this mode, the housekeeping circuit attempts to restart the supply after an undervoltage event at about 1 second intervals. No other fault can initiate auto-restart. The internal precision reference is monitored by a separate reference for overvoltage and allows truly redundant OVP. The externally available reference is also monitored for an undervoltage that would indicate a short on the pin. The internal ground is constantly monitored against the VS- pin. If the chip ground goes positive with respect to this pin, it indicates that the chip ground is open-circuit either inside the ADM1041A or the external wiring. The ADM1041A would be latched off, similar to an OV event. Rev. 0 | Page 17 of 56 ADM1041A THEORY OF OPERATION POWER MANAGEMENT This block contains VDD undervoltage lockout circuitry and a power-on/reset function. It also provides precision references for internal use and a buffered reference voltage, VREF. Overloading, shorting to ground, or shorting to VDD do not effect the internal references. See Figure 8. VDDOK is true only when all the following conditions are met: ground is negative with respect to VS−, INTREF and EXTREF are operating normally, VDD > UVLHI, and VDD < VDD OVP threshold. During power-on, VREF does not come up until VDD exceeds the upper UVL threshold. Housekeeping components in this block include reference voltage monitors, a VDD overvoltage monitor, and a ground fault detector. The various gain settings and configurations throughout the ADM1041A are digitally set up via the SMBus after it has been loaded onto its printed circuit board. There is no need for external trim potentiometers. An initial adjustment process should be carried out in a test system. Other adjustments such as current sense and voltage calibration should be carried out in the completed power supply. The ground fault detector monitors ADM1041A ground with respect to the remote sense pin VS−. If GND becomes positive with respect to VS−, an on-chip signal, VDDOK, goes false. GAIN TRIMMING AND CONFIGURATION VDD 1 INTERNAL REFERENCE 2.5V MAIN BAND GAP 1.25V EXTREFOK REFERENCE MONITOR INTREFOK AUXILIARY REFERENCE 2.0V POR 4.0V UVLLO RESET S 4.4V VDDOK UVLHI 6.0V–6.5V R Q S Q R Q OVP VDDOV 300μs ≥ 500μs ≥ 700μs GNDOK 05405-008 0.2V VS– 20 GROUND MONITOR GND 7 gndok_dis Figure 8. Block Diagram of Power Management Section Rev. 0 | Page 18 of 56 ADM1041A DIFFERENTIAL REMOTE SENSE AMPLIFIER LOCAL OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION (OVP) This amplifier senses the load voltage and is the main voltage feedback input. A differential input is used to compensate for the voltage drop on the negative output cable of the power supply. An external voltage divider should be designed to set the VS+ pin to approximately 2.0 V with respect to VS–. The amplifier gain is 1.0. See Figure 9. This is the main overvoltage detection for the power supply. It is detected locally so that only the faulty power supply shuts down in the event of an OVP condition in an N + 1 redundant power system. This occurs only after a load OV event. The local OVP threshold may be trimmed via the SMBus. See Figure 9. SET LOAD VOLTAGE This is the main undervoltage detection for the power supply. It is also detected locally so that a faulty power supply can be detected in an N+1 redundant power system. The local UVP threshold may be trimmed via the SMBus. See Figure 9. LOCAL UNDERVOLTAGE PROTECTION (UVP) The load voltage may be trimmed via the SMBus by a trim stage at the output of the differential remote sense amplifier. The voltage at the output of the trimmer is 1.50 V when the voltage loop is closed. See Figure 9. FALSE UV CLAMP LOAD OVERVOLTAGE (OV) If a faulty power supply causes an OVP condition on the system bus, the control loop in the good power supplies is driven to zero output. Therefore, a clamp is required to prevent the good power supplies from indicating an undervoltage, and to ensure they must recover quickly after the faulty power supply has shut down. The false UV clamp achieves this by clamping the output voltage just above the local UVP threshold. It may be trimmed via the SMBus. The OCPF signal disables the clamp during overcurrent faults. See Figure 9. A comparator at the output of the load voltage trim stage detects load overvoltage. The load OV threshold can be trimmed via the SMBus. The main purpose is to turn off the OrFET when the load voltage rises to an intermediate overvoltage level that is below the local OVP level. This circuit is nonlatching. See Figure 9. LOCAL VOLTAGE SENSE This amplifier senses the output voltage of the power supply just before the OrFET. Its input is derived from one of the pins used for current sensing and is set to 2.0 V by an external voltage divider. The amplifier gain is 1.3. See Figure 9. V S– 21 REMOTE SENSE FROM LOAD 35kΩ 35kΩ 70μA 20 35kΩ V S+ CURRENT LIMIT 35kΩ SET LOAD VOLTAGE 25kΩ DIFF. VOLTAGE SENSE CURRENT SHARE 1V 3V VOLTAGE ERROR AMP CAPTURE VCMP 5 SET LOAD OVERVOLTAGE LOADVOK VLS 2 VREF 1.5V 1.25V ×1.3 OCPF SOFTSTART RAMP UP FALSE UV CLAMP SET UV CLAMP THRESHOLD SET OVP THRESHOLD OVP TO GENERAL LOGIC UVP TO GENERAL LOGIC 1.5V NOTE: ALL POTENTIOMETERS ( 05405-009 SET UVP THRESHOLD ) ARE DIGITALLY PROGRAMMABLE THROUGH REGISTERS. Figure 9. Block Diagram of Voltage-Sense Amplifier Rev. 0 | Page 19 of 56 ADM1041A 70 VOLTAGE ERROR AMPLIFIER 60 CURRENT (μA) 50 40 30 20 0 05405-010 10 0 1 2 VOLTAGE (V) 3 4 Figure 10. Current Limit MAIN VOLTAGE REFERENCE A 1.5 V reference is connected to the inverting input of the voltage error amplifier. This 1.5 V reference is the output voltage of the soft-start circuit. Under closed-loop conditions, the voltage at the noninverting input is also controlled to 1.5 V. During start-up, the output voltage should be ramped up in a linear fashion at a rate that is independent of the load current. This is achieved by digitally ramping up the reference voltage by using a counter and a DAC. The ramp rate is configurable via the SMBus. See Figure 13. 2.75 2.50 2.25 2.00 GM (mA/V) 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 CURRENT-SENSE AMPLIFIER 05405-011 0.50 0.25 0 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k BANDWIDTH 1M 10M 100M 10M 100M Figure 11. VCMP Transconductance 220 200 180 160 120 100 80 60 40 05405-012 GM (μA/V) 140 20 0 This is a high gain transconductance amplifier that takes its input from the load voltage trim stage described previously. The amplifier requires only the output pin for loop compensation, which typically consists of a series RC network-to-common. A parallel resistor may be added to common to reduce the openloop gain and thereby provide some output voltage droop as output current increases. The output of the amplifier is typically connected to an emitter follower that drives an optocoupler, which in turn controls the duty of the primary side PWM. The emitter follower should have a high gain to minimize loading effects on the amplifier. Alternatively, an op amp voltage follower may be used. See Figure 11. 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k BANDWIDTH 1M Figure 12. CCMP and SCMP Transconductance This is a two-stage differential amplifier that achieves low offset and accuracy. The amplifier has the option to be chopped to reduce offset or left as a linear amplifier without chopping. Refer to the Register Listing for more details. The amplifier’s gain can be selected from three ranges. It is followed by a trim stage and then by a low gain buffer stage that can be configured with a gain of 1.0 or 2.1. The result is a total of six overlapping gain ranges (65 to 230), one of which must be selected via the SMBus. This gives ample adjustment to compensate for the poor initial tolerance of the resistance wires typically used for current sensing. It also allows selecting a higher sensitivity for better efficiency or a lower sensitivity for better accuracy (lower offset). The amplifier offset voltage is trimmed to zero in a once-off operation via the SMBus and uses a voltage-controlled current source at the output of the first gain stage. A second controlled current source is used to trim out the additional offset due to the mismatch of the external divider resistors. This offset trim is dynamically adjusted according to the commonmode voltage present at the top of the voltage dividers. Six ranges are selectable according to the magnitude and polarity of this offset component. Because the offset compensation circuit itself has some inaccuracies, the best overall current-sense accuracy is obtained by using more closely matched external dividers and then selecting a low compensation range. See Figure 13. Rev. 0 | Page 20 of 56 ADM1041A CURRENT SENSING Current is typically sensed by a low value resistor in series with the positive output of the power supply, positioned just before the OrFET or diode. For high voltages (12 V and higher), this resistor is usually placed in the negative load. A pair of closely matched voltage dividers connected to Pins 2 and 3 divide the common-mode voltage down to approximately 2.0 V. The divider ratio must be the same as used in the local and remote voltage-sense circuits. Alternatively, current may be sensed by a current transformer (CT) connected to Pin 8. The ADM1041A must be configured via the SMBus to select one or the other. See Figure 13. CURRENT-TRANSFORMER INPUT The ADM1041A can also be configured to sense current by using a CT connected to Pin 8. In this case, the resistive current sense is disabled. A separate single-ended amplifier has two possible sensitivities that are selected via the SMBus. If the CT option is selected, the gain of the 1.0, 2.1 buffer that follows the gain trim stage is no longer configurable and is fixed at 1.0. The share driver amplifier has a total of 100 mV positive offset built into it. To use the device in CT mode, it is necessary to compensate for this additional 100 mV offset. This is achieved by adding in a positive offset on the CT input. This also allows any negative amplifier offsets in the CT chain to be nulled out. This offset cancellation is achieved by sourcing a current through a resistance on the ICT pin. The resistor value is 40 kΩ and so for 100 mV of offset cancellation a current of 2.5 μA is required. It is possible to fine trim this current via Register 15h, Bits 4–0, step size 170 nA. For example, 2.5 μA ≈ 15 × 170 nA; so the code for Register 15h is decimal 15 or 0Fh. Refer to the Current Transformer parameter in the Specifications table for more details. See Figure 13. CURRENT-SENSE CALIBRATION Regardless of which means is used to sense the current, the end result of the calibration process should produce the standard current share signal between Pins 20 and 23, that is, 2.0 V at 100% load, excluding any additional share signal offset that might be configured. CURRENT-LIMIT ERROR AMPLIFIER This is a low gain transconductance amplifier that takes its input from one of the calibrated current stages described previously. The amplifier requires only the output pin for loop compensation, which typically consists of a series RC networkto-common. A trimmable reference provides a wide range of adjustment for the current limit. When the current signal reaches the reference voltage, the output of the error amplifier comes out of saturation and begins to drive a controlled current source. The control threshold is nominally 1.0 V. This current flows through a resistor in series with the trimmed voltage loop signal and thereby attempts to increase the voltage signal above the 1.5 V reference for that loop. The closed voltage loop reacts by reducing the power supply’s output voltage and this results in constant current operation. See Figure 13. OrFET GATE CURRENT OrFET SOURCE VREF REG 17h b7 VDD CURRENTSHARE OFFSET (VSHARE, IOUT = 0) GAIN = 10 C S+ 3 TO CURRENTSHARE DRIVE AMPLIFIER 2 CS–/FS 9R CURRENT LIMIT TO VOLTAGE ERROR AMP IRS/ICT R SET CURRENT SHARE ICT TRANSFORMER CURRENTSENSE CONFIGURATION 8 40kΩ VREF CURRENT ERROR AMP SET CURRENTLIMIT LEVEL SET GAIN CCMP 4 1.25V OCP 0.5V OCP COMPARATOR Figure 13. Current Sense Rev. 0 | Page 21 of 56 05405-013 CURRENT TRANSFORMER ADM1041A OVERCURRENT PROTECTION DIFFERENTIAL SENSE AMPLIFIER When the current limit threshold is reached, the OCP comparator detects when the current error amplifier comes out of saturation. Its threshold is nominally 0.5 V. This starts a timer that, when it times out, causes an OCP condition to occur and the power supply to shut down. If the current limit disappears before the time has expired, the timer is reset. The time period is configurable via the SMBus. Undervoltage blanking is applied during the timer operation. See Figure 15. This amplifier has unity gain and senses the difference between the share bus voltage and the remote voltage sense negative pin. When the power supply is the master, it forms a closed loop with the ISHARE drive amplifier described previously, and therefore it causes the share bus voltage between Pins 20 and 23 to equal the current-share signal at the noninverting input of the ISHARE drive amplifier. When the power supply is a slave, the output of the differential-sense amplifier exceeds the internal current share signal, which causes the ISHARE drive amplifier to be driven into cutoff. Because it is not possible to trim out negative offsets in the op amps in the current-share chain, a 50 mV voltage source is used to provide a known fixed positive offset. The share bus offset controlled current source must be trimmed via the SMBus to take out the resulting overall offset. See Figure 15. CURRENT SHARE The current-share method is the master–slave type, which means that the power supply with the highest output current automatically becomes the master and controls the share bus signal. All other power supplies become slaves, and the share bus signal causes them to increase their output voltages slightly until their output currents are almost equal to that of the master. This scheme has two major advantages. A failed master power supply simply allows one of the slaves to become the new master. A short-circuited share signal disables current sharing, but all power supplies default to their normal voltage setting, allowing a certain degree of passive sharing. Because this chip uses a low voltage process, an external bidirectional amplifier is needed for most existing share bus signal levels. The voltage between Pins 20 and 23 is always controlled to 2.0 V full scale, ignoring any offset. By connecting Pins 20 and 23 together, the chip can produce a 2.0 V share signal directly without any external circuits. To improve accuracy, the share signal is referenced to the remote voltage sense negative (VS-) pin. 3V 2V VSHARE 1V 0 20 40 60 IOUT 80 100% 05405-015 OFFSET 0 Figure 14. Load Share Characteristic CURRENT-SHARE OFFSET ISHARE ERROR AMPLIFIER This is a low gain transconductance amplifier that measures the difference between the internal current share voltage and the signal voltage on the external share bus. If two power supplies have almost identical current-share signals, a 50 mV voltage source on the inverting input helps arbitrate which power supply becomes the master and prevents hunting between master and slave roles. The amplifier requires only the output pin for loop compensation, which typically consists of a series RC network to common. When the power supply is a slave, the output of the error amplifier comes out of saturation and begins to drive a controlled current sink. The control threshold is nominally 1.0 V. This current flows from a resistor in series with the trimmed voltage loop signal and thereby attempts to decrease the voltage signal below the 1.5 V reference for that loop. The closed voltage loop reacts by increasing the power supply’s output voltage until current share is achieved. The maximum current sink is limited so that the power supply voltage can be increased only a small amount, which is usually limited to be within the customer’s specified voltage regulation limit. This small voltage increase also limits the control range of the current-share circuit and is called the capture range. The capture range may be set via the SMBus to one of four values, from 1% to 4% nominal. See Figure 15. ISHARE CLAMP To satisfy some customer specifications, the current-share signal can be offset by a fixed amount by using a trimmable current generator and a series resistor. The offset is added on top of the 2.0 V full-scale, current-share output signal. See Figure 15. ISHARE DRIVE AMPLIFIER This amplifier is a buffer with enough current source capability to drive the current-share circuits of several slave power supplies. It has negligible current sink capability. Refer to the Differential Sense Amplifier section. This clamp keeps the current share-loop compensation capacitor discharged when the current share is not required to operate. The clamp is released during power-up when the voltage reference and therefore the output voltage of the power supply has risen to either 75% or 88% of its final value. This is configurable via the SMBus. When the clamp is released, the current share loop slowly walks in the current share and helps to avoid output voltage spikes during hot swapping. See Figure 15. Rev. 0 | Page 22 of 56 ADM1041A SHARE_OK DETECTOR Incorrect current sharing is a useful early indicator that there is some sort of noncatastrophic problem with one of the power supplies in a parallel system. Two comparators are used to detect an excessive positive or negative error voltage at the input of the ISHARE error amplifier, which indicates that the current share loop has lost control. One of four possible error levels must be configured via the SMBus. See Figure 15. TO VOLTAGE ERROR AMP ISHARE ERROR AMPLIFIER VREF SCMP VDD 22 CURRENTSHARE OFFSET (VSHARE, IOUT = 0) ISHARE CLAMP ISHARE DRIVE AMPLIFIER FROM CURRENT SENSE +12V SHRO 24 9R GAIN = (R1 + R2)/R2 SHARE BUS 1N4148 R DIFFERENTIAL SENSE SHAREOK R1 60μA 23 SHRS+ R2 20 SET CURRENTLIMIT LEVEL 50mV 50mV VS–/SHRS– GAIN = (R1+R2)/R2 REMOTE –VE SENSE 70μA CURRENT LIMIT DIFF. VOLTAGE SENSE CURRENT SHARE 1V 3V VCMP CAPTURE 5 VOLTAGE ERROR AMP VREF SOFTSTART RAMP UP Figure 15. Current-Share Circuit and Soft Start Rev. 0 | Page 23 of 56 05405-014 VREF CURRENTERROR AMP ADM1041A PULSE/ACSENSE2 The ac sense function monitors the amplitude of the incoming pulse and, if sufficiently high, generates a flag to indicate that the ac, or strictly speaking, the voltage on the bulk capacitor, is okay. Because the envelope of the pulse has a considerable amount of 100 Hz ripple, hysteresis is available on this input pin. Internally there is a 20 μA to 80 μA current sink. With a 909R external Thevenin resistance, this current range translates to a voltage hysteresis of 200 mV to 500 mV. The internal hysteresis current is turned off when the voltage exceeds the reference on the comparator. This form of hysteresis allows simple scaling to be implemented by changing the source impedance of the pulse-conditioning circuit. Some trimming of hysteresis and threshold voltage is provided. The ac sense function can be configured to be derived from ACSENSE2 rather than ACSENSE1. This allows a separate dc input from various locations to be used to generate AC_OK for better flexibility or accuracy. When configured, PULSE and ACSENSE monitor the output of the power main transformer. See Figure 16. PULSE Providing the output of the pulse function (PULSE_OK) is high, the FET in the OR’ing circuit can be turned on. If the pulses stop for any reason, about 1 second later the PULSE_OK goes low and the OrFET drive is disabled. This delay allows passage of all expected pulse skipping modes that might occur in no load or very light load situations. See Figure 16. ACSENSE This is rarely used to measure the ac input to the supply directly. ACSENSE1 or ACSENSE2 are usually used to measure, indirectly, the voltage across the bulk capacitor so that the system can be signaled that power is normal. Also if power is actually lost, ACSENSE represents when just enough energy is left for an orderly shutdown of the power supply. See Figure 16. TO OrFET SOURCE TO CURRENTSENSE RESISTOR AND OrFET GATE 0.525V S 9 PULSE ACSENSE1 5.3kΩ R CLK Q 1 SEC Q PULSEOK R SELECT ACSENSE AC_OK 1.5V S 5.3kΩ R TRIM HYSTERESIS Figure 16. Pulse In and ACSENSE Circuit Rev. 0 | Page 24 of 56 CLK Q 1 mS Q R 05405-016 ACSENSE2 10 ADM1041A OrFET GATE DRIVE When configured, this block provides a signal to turn on/off an OrFET used in the output of paralleled power supplies. The gate drive voltage of one of these FETs is typically 6 V to 10 V above the output voltage. Because the output voltage of the ADM1041A is limited, an external transistor needs to be used. The block diagram shows an example of this approach. See Figure 21. Figure 19 and Figure 20 show the OrFET turn-off time and turn-on time when the FG pin polarity is inverted. As can be seen, to turn off the OrFET, the VFG pin now transitions from high to low. Also, its corresponding turn-on event occurs from a low-to-high transition. The circuit in Figure 21 is used to generate these plots. The FG output is an open-drain, N-channel MOSFET and is normally high, which holds the OrFET off. When all the startup conditions are correct, Pin 19 is pulled low, which allows the OrFET to turn on. The logic can also be configured as inverted if a noninverting drive circuit is used. Second, if a rectifier or filter capacitor fails during steady state operation, it detects the resulting reverse voltage across the OrFET’s on-resistance and turns off the OrFET before a voltage dip appears on the bus. The internal threshold can be configured from 100 mV to 250 mV (negative), which is also scaled up by the external voltage dividers. A slightly larger filter capacitor may be used on the voltage divider at Pin 6 to speed up this function. Figure 17 shows the typical response time of the ADM1041A to such an event. In the plot, VFD is ramped down and the response time of the FG pin to a reverse voltage event on the FD pin is seen. This simulates the rectifier or filter capacitor failure during steady-state operation. When the FD voltage is below 1.9 V (2 V minus 100 mV threshold), the FG pin reacts. As can be seen, the response time is approx 330 nsecs. This extremely fast turn-off is vital in an n+1 power supply system configuration. It ensures that the damaged power supply removes itself from the system quickly. Figure 18 shows the equivalent response time to turn on the OrFET. As can be seen, there is a delay of approximately 500 ns before the FG pin ramps down to turn on the OrFET, allowing the power supply to contribute to the system. This propagation delay is due mainly to internal amplifier response limitations. The circuit in Figure 21 is used to generate these plots. In this case, the resistor to VDD from the FG pin is 2 kΩ. Rev. 0 | Page 25 of 56 TTOTAL = 330ns TDELAY = 218ns T = 112ns 05405-017 64% Figure 17. OrFET Turn-Off Time (Default Polarity) TTOTAL = 506ns 05405-018 A differential amplifier monitors the voltage across the OrFET and has two major functions. First, during start-up, it allows the OrFET to turn on with almost 0 V across it to avoid voltage glitches on the bus. This applies to a hot bus or a cold bus. The internal threshold can be configured from 20 mV to 50 mV (negative), which is scaled up by the external voltage dividers. Figure 18. OrFET Turn-On Time (Default Polarity) ADM1041A TTOTAL = 618ns 64% TDELAY = 506ns 05405-020 05405-019 TTOTAL = 222ns T = 112ns Figure 20. OrFET Turn-On Time (Inverse Polarity) Figure 19. OrFET Turn- Off Time (Inverse Polarity) CURRENT VOUT SOURCE GATE V = VOUT +10V 6 VDD FD PULSEOK 19 FG LOADOK PENOK REVERSEOK OrFET OK RESET VOLTAGE DETECTOR POLARITY VREF 05405-021 2 FS Figure 21. OrFET Gate Drive Circuit Rev. 0 | Page 26 of 56 DRAIN ADM1041A OSCILLATOR AND TIMING GENERATORS An on-board oscillator is used to generate timing signals. Some trimming of the oscillator is provided to adjust for variations in processing. All timing generated from the oscillator is expected to meet the same tolerances as the oscillator. Because individual delay counters are generally two to three bits, the worst error is one clock period into these counters, which is 25% of the nominal delay period. None of these tolerances are extremely critical. MON1 This is the alternative analog comparator function for the Pulse/ACSENSE1 pin (Pin 9). The threshold is 1.25 V. When MON1 is selected, ACSENSE1 defaults to true. MON2 This is the alternative analog comparator function for the ACSENSE2 pin (Pin 10). The threshold is 1.25 V. When MON2 is selected, ACSENSE2 defaults to true. PEN LOGIC I/O AND MONITOR PINS Apart from pins required for the various key analog functions, a number of pins are used for logic level I/O signals. If the logic I/O function is not required, the pins may be reconfigured as general-purpose comparators for analog level monitoring (MON) and may be additionally configured to have typical OVP and UVP properties, either positive-going or negativegoing, depending on whether a positive supply output or a negative supply output is being monitored. The status of all protection and monitoring comparators is held in registers that can be read by a microprocessor via the SMBus. Certain control bits may be written to via the SMBus. CBD/ALERT This pin can be used either as a crowbar driver or as an SMBus alert signal to indicate that a fault has occurred. It is typically configured to respond to a variety of status flags, as detailed in Registers 1Ah and 1Bh. The primary function of this pin is as a crowbar driver, and as such it should be configured to respond to the OV fault status flag. It can be configured to respond to any or all of a variety of fault status flags, including a microprocessor writable flag, and can be configured as latching or nonlatching. It may also be configured as an open-drain N-channel or P-channel MOSFET and as positive or negative (inverted) logic. A pull-up or pull-down resistor is required. This pin may be wire-OR’ed with the same pin on other ADM1041A’s in the power supply. The alternative function is an SMBus alert output that can be used as an interrupt to a microprocessor. If a fault occurs, the microprocessor can then query the ADM1041A(s) about the fault status. This is intended to avoid continuously polling the ADM1041A(s). This is the power enable pin that turns the PWM converter on and can be configured as active high or low. This might drive an opto-isolator back to the primary side or connect to the enable pin of a secondary-side post regulator. PSON This pin is usually connected to the customer’s PSON signal and, when asserted, causes the ADM1041A to turn on the power output. It can be configured as active high or low. Alternatively, a microprocessor can communicate the PSON function to the ADM1041A using the SMBus, or the PSONLINK signal may be used. When the PSON pin is not used as such, it can be configured as an analog input, MON3. MON3 This is the alternative analog comparator function for the PSON pin (Pin 16). The threshold is 1.25 V. When MON3 is selected, PSON defaults to off. DC_OK (POWER-OK, POWER Good, Etc.) This output is true when all dc output voltages are within tolerance and goes false to signify an imminent loss of power. (Timing is programmable, see the register description). It can be configured as an open-drain, N-channel or P-channel MOSFET and as positive or negative (inverted) logic. A pull-up or pull-down resistor is required. This pin may be wire-OR’ed with the same pin on other ADM1041As in the power supply. When the DC_OK pin is not used as such, it can be configured as an analog input, MON4. MON4 This is the alternative analog comparator function for the DC_OK pin (Pin 17). The threshold is 1.25 V. Routinely, the microprocessor needs to gather other data from the ADM1041A(s), which can include the fault status, so the ALERT function may not be used. Also, the simplest microprocessors may not have an interrupt function. This allows the CBD/ALERT pin to be used for other functions. Rev. 0 | Page 27 of 56 ADM1041A AC_OK In Figure 22, MON2 and MON3 are configured to monitor a negative 12 V rail. MON2 is configured as negative-going OVP, and MON3 is configured as positive-going UVP. The 5 V power rail is used for bias voltage. This output is true when either ACSENSE1 or ACSENSE2 is true (configurable). It can be configured as an open-drain, N-channel or P-channel MOSFET and as positive or negative (inverted) logic. A pull-up or pull-down resistor is required. This pin can be wire-OR’ed with the same pin on other ADM1041As in the power supply. When the AC_OK pin is not used as such, it can be configured as an analog input, MON5, or as a voltage reference. +5V 1 VCC MON2 10 MON5 This is the alternative analog comparator function for the AC_OK pin (Pin 18). The threshold is 2.5 V, and it has a 100 μA current source that allows hysteresis to be controlled by adjusting the external source resistance. It is ideal for an OTP sensing circuit using a thermistor as part of a voltage divider. The OTP condition can be configured to latch off the power supply (similar to OVP) or to allow an autorestart (soft OTP). See Figure 22. MON3 16 –12V MON5 18 05405-022 THERMISTOR 7 Figure 22. Example of MON Pin Configuration OCP 2.5V 2.5V OCP 18 OTP/ MON5 9 MON1 MON5 1.25V 1.5V MON1 OVP OVP 10 MON2 MON2 UVP UVP 16 MON3 GENERAL LOGIC 17 MON4 ACOK ORFETOK ORFETOK SHAREOK SHAREOK RESET RESET VDDOK VDDOK VDDOV VDDOV PENOK PENOK MON4 16 PSON PSON CLOCK AC_OK DC_OK CBD CONTROL REGISTERS PEN 18 AC_OK 17 DC_OK 11 CBD/ALERT 12 PEN CONFIGURE PWRON I/Os CONFIGURE STATUS (WRITE (READ REGISTERS) REGISTERS) SDA/ CONTROL SERIAL LINES INTERFACE PEN SCL CS Figure 23. Block Diagram of Protection and General Logic Rev. 0 | Page 28 of 56 14 PS LINK ON 13 SCL/ AC_OKLink 15 ADD0 05405-023 ACOK MON3 CONFIG Figure 24. General Logic Rev. 0 | Page 29 of 56 0.5V OCP curr_lim_dis 05405-024 COMP (4) FROM OUTPUT OF CURRENTERROR AMP rsm PSON3/ MON3 (12) CONFIG mn3s ACSENSE2/ MON2 (10) mn2s CONFIG mn1s ACSENSE1/ MON1 (9) OCPF up_pson_m mov5 80ms UV BLANK 450μs UV DEBOUNCE selcbd2<2> selcbd1<2> ovfault selcbd1<7> selcbd2<6> selcbd1<6> vddov local ov selcbd2<7> vddok mfg1 selcbd2<5> mfg2 selcbd2<4> mfg3 selcbd2<3> uvfault ocpto selcbd1<4> acsns selcbd1<3> mfg4 m_cbd_w opt(mov5) ocpf mfg5 selcbd2<1> orfetok selcbd1<1> NOT USED selcbd2<0> FAULT FAULTB SDA/ PSONLINK (14) SCL/ AC_OKLink (13) SOFTSTART RAMP m_cbd_cir DC_OK ON DELAY m_shr_clmp VREF 1.5V VOLTAGE ERROR AMP m_dcok_r por D R S Q cbdlm DRIVER VCMP (5) DRIVER polcbd DC_OK/ MON4 (17) PEN (12) SCMP (22) error_amp inv input GM DRIVER polpen clamp poldcok, mn4s0 m_penok_r 75%/88% SOFTSTART VOUT DAC scmp_in 300μs, 10ms, 20ms, 40ms ssr1s1, ssrs0 set_cshare_clamp 200, 400, 800, 1600ms POKTS1, POKTS0 gatepen R S Q shareok R Q S Q vddok gateramp sda_out sda_in scl_in selcbd1<0> acsok selcbd1<5> ovfault ocfault uvfault uvbm i2cmb mov4 penon uvok psonlink m_psonok_r acsns mov3 mov2 mov1 OCP RIDETHROUGH 128, 256, 384, 512μs, OR 1, 2, 3, 4SEC softotp OCP DISABLE localuv muv5 muv4 muv3 muv2 muv1 R ocpts2, ocpts1, ocpts0 dcokoff_delay Q S psonts1.psonts0 m_acsns_w 0, 40, 80, 160ms DC_OK OFF DELAY 0, 1, 2, 4ms 1 SECOND softotp mov5 m_pson_r m_pson_w DEBOUNCE 1ms restartb ACSENSE acsns_hyst acsns_thresh acss CBD/ ALERT (11) ADM1041A ADM1041A SMBus SERIAL PORT Interfacing The programming and microprocessor interface for the ADM1041A is a standard SMBus serial port, which consists of a clock line and a data line. The more rigorous requirements of the SMBus standard are specified in order to give the greatest noise immunity. The ADM1041A operates in slave mode only. If a microprocessor is not used, these pins can be configured to perform the PSONLINK and AC_OKLink functions. Note that this port is not intended to be connected to the customer’s SMBus (or I2C bus). Continuous SMBus activity or an external bus fault interferes with the interpart communication, possibly preventing proper operation and proper fault reporting. If the customer needs status and control functions via the SMBus, it is recommended that a microprocessor with a hardware SMBus (I2C) port be used for this interface. The microprocessor should access the ADM1041As via a second SMBus port, which may be emulated in software (subset of the full protocol). The microprocessor must access the ADM1041A(s) via their on-board SMBus (I2C) port. Because this port is also used to configure the ADM1041A(s), the software must include a routine that avoids SMBus activity during configuration. The simplest interface is for the microprocessor to have an SMBus (I2C) port implemented in hardware, but this may be more expensive. An alternative is to emulate the bus in software and to use two general-purpose logic I/O pins. Only a simple subset of the SMBus protocol need be emulated because the ADM1041A always operates as a slave device. MICROPROCESSOR SUPPORT The ADM1041A has many features that allow it to operate with the aid of a microprocessor. There are several reasons why a microprocessor might be used: • To provide unusual logic and/or timing requirements, particularly for fault conditions. • To drive one or more LEDs, including flashing, according to the status of the power supply. • To replace other discrete circuits such as multiple OTP, extra output monitoring, fan speed control, and failure detection, and combine the status of these circuits with the status of the ADM1041As. • To free up some pins on the ADM1041As. This could reduce the BOM and therefore the cost. • To interface to an external SMBus (or I2C) for more detailed status reporting. The SMBus port in the ADM1041A is not intended for this purpose. • Configuring for a Microprocessor Except during initial configuration, all ADM1041A registers that need to be accessed are high speed CMOS devices that do not involve EEPROM. Table 43, the Microprocessor Support table describes the various registers, bits, and flags that can be read and written to. Note that for the microprocessor to gain control of the PSON and ACSENSE functions, Reg12h (Table 27) must be configured. A separate configuration bit is allocated to each signal. The microprocessor can then write to the signal as though the signal originated within the ADM1041A itself. BROADCASTING In a power supply with multiple outputs, it is recommended that all outputs rise together. Because the SMBus is relatively slow, writing sequentially to the PSON signal in each ADM1041A, for instance, causes a significant delay in the output rise of the last chip to be written. The ADM1041A avoids this problem by allocating a common broadcast address that all chips can respond to. To avoid data collisions, this feature should be used only for commands that do not initiate a reply. SMBus SERIAL INTERFACE To allow EEPROM space in ADM1041A(s) or in the microprocessor to be used for FRU (VPD) data. A simple or complex microprocessor can be used according to the amount of additional functionality required. Note that the microprocessor is not intended to access or modify the EEPROM address space that is used for the configuration of the ADM1041A(s). Control of the ADM1041A is carried out via the SMBus. The ADM1041A is connected to this bus as a slave device under the control of a master device. The ADM1041A has a 7-bit serial bus slave address. When the device is powered up, it does so with a default serial bus address. The default power-on SMBus address for the device is 1010XXX binary, the three lowest address bits (A2 to A0) being defined by the state of the address pin, ADD0, and Bit 1 of Configuration Register 4 (ADD1). Because ADD0 has three possible states (tied to VDD, tied to GND, or floating) and Config4 < 1 > can be high or low, there are a total of six possible addresses, as shown in Table 6. Rev. 0 | Page 30 of 56 ADM1041A GENERAL SMBus TIMING The SMBus specification defines specific conditions for different types of read and write operations. General SMBus read and write operations are shown in the timing diagrams of Figure 25, Figure 26, and Figure 27, and described in the following sections. If the operation is a write operation, the first data byte after the slave address is a command byte. This tells the slave device what to expect next. It may be an instruction, such as telling the slave device to expect a block write, or it may be a register address that tells the slave where subsequent data is to be written. The general SMBus protocol operates as follows. Because data can flow in only one direction as defined by the R/W bit, it is not possible to send a command to a slave device during a read operation. Before doing a read operation, it might first be necessary to perform a write operation to tell the slave what sort of read operation to expect and/or the address from which data is to be read. The master initiates data transfer by establishing a start condition, defined as a high-to-low transition on the serial data line, SDA, while the serial clock line, SCL, remains high. This indicates that a data stream follows. All slave peripherals connected to the serial bus respond to the start condition and shift in the next 8 bits, consisting of a 7-bit slave address (MSB first), plus an R/W bit, which determines the direction of the data transfer, that is, whether data is written to or read from the slave device (0 = write, 1 = read). When all data bytes have been read or written, stop conditions are established. In write mode, the master pulls the SDA line high during the tenth clock pulse to assert a stop condition. In read mode, the master device releases the SDA line during the low period before the ninth clock pulse, but the slave device does not pull it low. This is known as No Acknowledge. The master then takes the data line low during the low period before the tenth clock pulse, then high during the tenth clock pulse to assert a stop condition. The peripheral whose address corresponds to the transmitted address responds by pulling the data line low during the low period before the ninth clock pulse, known as the Acknowledge bit, and holding it low during the high period of this clock pulse. All other devices on the bus remain idle while the selected device waits for data to be read from or written to it. If the R/W bit is a 0, then the master writes to the slave device. If the R/W bit is a 1, the master reads from the slave device. Note: If it is required to perform several read or write operations in succession, the master can send a repeat start condition instead of a stop condition to begin a new operation. Data is sent over the serial bus in sequences of nine clock pulses, eight bits of data, followed by an Acknowledge bit from the slave device. Data transitions on the data line must occur during the low period of the clock signal and remain stable during the high period, because a low-to-high transition when the clock is high may be interpreted as a stop signal. 19 9 1 9 SCLK A6 SDATA A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 R/W D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 ACK. BY ADM1041A START BY MASTER D0 ACK. BY ADM1041A FRAME 2 ADDRESS POINTER REGISTER BYTE FRAME 1 SERIAL BUS ADDRESS BYTE 1 9 SCLK (CONTINUED) D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 ACK. BY ADM1041A STOP BY MASTER FRAME 3 DATA BYTE Figure 25. Writing a Register Address to the Address Pointer Register, then Writing Data to the Selected Register Rev. 0 | Page 31 of 56 05405-025 SDATA (CONTINUED) ADM1041A 1 9 1 9 SCLK A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 R/W D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 ACK. BY ADM1041A START BY MASTER D0 ACK. BY ADM1041A FRAME 1 SERIAL BUS ADDRESS BYTE STOP BY MASTER FRAME 2 ADDRESS POINTER REGISTER BYTE 05405-026 A6 SDATA Figure 26. Writing to the Address Pointer Register Only 1 9 1 9 SCLK A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 R/W D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 ACK. BY ADM1041A START BY MASTER D0 ACK. BY ADM1041A FRAME 1 SERIAL BUS ADDRESS BYTE FRAME 2 DATA BYTE FROM ADM1041 STOP BY MASTER 05405-027 SDATA Figure 27. Reading Data from a Previously Selected Register Table 6. Device SMBus Addresses ADD1 Bit 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 X 1 ADD0 Pin GND VDD NC GND VDD NC X A2 0 0 1 0 0 1 X A1 0 0 0 1 1 0 X A0 0 1 0 0 1 1 X Target Device 0 1 4 2 3 5 All Devices ADDRESS 1010 000X 1010 001X 1010 100X 1010 010X 1010 011X 1010 101X 1010 111X HEX READ A0 A2 A8 A4 A6 AA AE HEX WRITE A1 A3 A9 A5 A7 AB ADD1 is low by default. To access the additional three addresses it is necessary to set Config 4 < 1 > high and then perform a power cycle to allow the new address to be latched after the EEPROM download. Refer to the section on Extended SMBUS Addressing for more details. Rev. 0 | Page 32 of 56 ADM1041A SMBus PROTOCOLS FOR RAM AND EEPROM The SMBus specification defines several protocols for different types of read and write operations. The protocols used in the ADM1041A are described and illustrated in this section. The following abbreviations are used in the diagrams: S P R W A A Start Stop Read Write Acknowledge No Acknowledge 1 2 3 4 5 COMMAND A2h SLAVE S W A A (PAGE ERASE) ADDRESS 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 EEPROM EEPROM ADDRESS ADDRESS ARBITRARY A A A P HIGH BYTE LOW BYTE DATA (80h OR 81h) (00h TO FFh) 05405-028 The ADM1041A contains volatile registers (RAM) and nonvolatile EEPROM. RAM occupies the address locations from 00h to 7Fh, while EEPROM occupies the address locations from 8000h to 813Fh. Figure 28. EEPROM Page Erase Operation Page erasure takes approximately 20 ms. If the EEPROM is accessed before erasure is complete, the SMBus responds with No Acknowledge. Figure 29 shows the peak IDD supply current during an EEPROM page erase operation. Decoupling capacitors of 10 μF and 100 nF are recommended on VDD. The ADM1041A uses the following SMBus write protocols. SMBus Erase EEPROM Page Operations 05405-029 EEPROM memory can be written to only if it is effectively unprogrammed. Before writing to one or more locations that are already programmed, the page containing those locations must be erased. EEPROM ERASE is performed by sending a page erase command byte (A2h) followed by the page location of the item to be erased. (There is no need to set an erase bit in an EEPROM control/status register.) The EEPROM consists of 16 pages of 32 bytes each; the register default EEPROM consists of 1 page of 32 bytes starting at 8100h. SMBus Write Operations EEPROM Location 8000h to 801Fh 8020h to 803Fh 8040h to 805Fh 8060h to 807Fh 8080h to 809Fh 80A0h to 80BFh 80C0h to 80DFh 80E0h to 80FFh 8100h to 811Fh 8120h to 813Fh 8140h to 815Fh 8160h to 817Fh 8180h to 819Fh 81A0h to 81BFh 81C0h to 81DFh 81E0h to 81FFh Description Available FRU Available FRU Available FRU Available FRU Available FRU Available FRU Available FRU Available FRU Configuration Boot Registers ADI Registers Available FRU Available FRU Available FRU Available FRU Available FRU ADI Registers Send Byte In this operation, the master device sends a single command byte to a slave device, as follows: 1. The master device asserts a start condition on SDA. 2. The master sends the 7-bit slave address followed by the write bit (low). 3. The addressed slave device asserts ACK on SDA. 4. The master sends a command code. 5. The slave asserts ACK on SDA. 6. The master asserts a stop condition on SDA and the transaction ends. In the ADM1041A, the send byte protocol is used to write a register address to RAM for a subsequent single-byte read from the same address or block read or write starting at that address. This is illustrated in Figure 30. The EEPROM page address consists of the EEPROM address high byte, 80h for FRU or 81h for register default, and the three MSBs of the low byte. The lower five bits of the EEPROM address of the low byte are ignored during an erase operation. Rev. 0 | Page 33 of 56 1 2 3 4 5 6 RAM SLAVE W A ADDRESS A P S ADDRESS (00h TO 7Fh) 05405-030 Table 7. EEPROM Page Layout Page No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Figure 29. EEPROM Page Erase Peak IDD Current Figure 30. Setting a RAM Address for Subsequent Read ADM1041A • Write a single byte of data to EEPROM. In this case, the command byte is the high byte of the EEPROM address, 80h or 81h. The first data byte is the low byte of the EEPROM address and the second data byte is the actual data. Bit 1 of EEPROM Register 3 must be set. This is illustrated in Figure 33. Write Byte/Word 1 In this operation, the master device sends a command byte and one or two data bytes to the slave device, as follows: 1. The master device asserts a start condition on SDA. 2. The master sends the 7-bit slave address followed by the write bit (low). 3. The addressed slave device asserts ACK on SDA. 4. The master sends a command code. 5. The slave asserts ACK on SDA. 6. The master sends a data byte. 7. The slave asserts ACK on SDA. 8. The master sends a data byte (or asserts stop at this point). 9. The slave asserts ACK on SDA. 10. The master asserts a stop condition on SDA to end the transaction. In the ADM1041A, the write byte/word protocol is used for the following three purposes. The ADM1041A knows how to respond by the value of the command byte. Write a single byte of data to RAM. Here, the command byte is the RAM address from 00h to 7Fh and the (only) data byte is the actual data, as shown in Figure 31. 2 3 4 5 RAM SLAVE W A ADDRESS A S ADDRESS (00h TO 7Fh) 6 7 8 DATA A P Figure 31. Single-Byte Write to RAM Set up a 2-byte EEPROM address for a subsequent read or block read. In this case, the command byte is the high byte of the EEPROM address (80h). The (only) data byte is the low byte of the EEPROM address, as shown in Figure 32. 1 S 2 3 SLAVE W A ADDRESS 4 5 6 7 8 EEPROM EEPROM ADDRESS ADDRESS A A P HIGH BYTE LOW BYTE (80h OR 81h) (00h TO FFh) 05405-032 • 4 5 6 8 9 10 DATA A P 7 Figure 33. Single-Byte Write to EEPROM If it is required to read data from the ADM1041A immediately after setting up the address, the master can assert a repeat start condition immediately after the final ACK and carry out a single-byte read, block read, or block write operation without asserting an intermediate stop condition. Block Write In this operation, the master device writes a block of data to a slave device. Programming an EEPROM byte takes approximately 350 μs, which limits the SMBus clock for repeated or block write operations. The start address for a block write must have been set previously. In the case of the ADM1041A, this is done by a send byte operation to set a RAM address or by a write byte/ word operation to set an EEPROM address. 1. The master device asserts a start condition on SDA. 2. The master sends the 7-bit slave address followed by the write bit (low). 3. The addressed slave device asserts ACK on SDA. 4. The master sends a command code that tells the slave device to expect a block write. The ADM1041A command code for a block read is A0h (10100000). 5. The slave asserts ACK on SDA. 6. The master sends a data byte that tells the slave device how many data bytes are to be sent. The SMBus specification allows a maximum of 32 data bytes to be sent in a block write. 7. The slave asserts ACK on SDA. 8. The master sends N data bytes. 9. The slave asserts ACK on SDA after each data byte. 10. The master asserts a stop condition on SDA to end the transaction. Figure 32. Setting an EEPROM Address If it is required to read data from the EEPROM immediately after setting up the address, the master can assert a repeat start condition immediately after the final ACK and carry out a single-byte read or a block read without asserting an intermediate stop condition. 1 S 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 COMMAND A0h BYTE SLAVE W A A A DATA 1 A DATA 2 A DATA N A P (BLOCK WRITE) COUNT ADDRESS Rev. 0 | Page 34 of 56 Figure 34. Block Write to EEPROM or RAM 05405-034 1 3 EEPROM EEPROM ADDRESS ADDRESS SLAVE W A A A S HIGH BYTE LOW BYTE ADDRESS (80h OR 81h) (00h TO FFh) 05405-031 • 2 05405-033 If it is required to read data from the RAM immediately after setting up the address, the master can assert a repeat start condition immediately after the final ACK and carry out a single-byte read, block read, or block write operation without asserting an intermediate stop condition. ADM1041A Block Read In this operation, the master device reads a block of data from a slave device. The start address for a block read must previously have been set. In the case of the ADM1041A, this is done by a send byte operation to set a RAM address or by a write byte/word operation to set an EEPROM address. The block read operation itself consists of a send byte operation that sends a block read command to the slave, immediately followed by a repeat start, and a read operation that reads out multiple data bytes, as follows: When performing a block write to EEPROM, the page that contains the location to be written should not be writeprotected (Register 03h) prior to sending the above SMBus packet. Block writes are limited to within a 32-byte page boundary and cannot cross into the next page. SMBus READ OPERATIONS The ADM1041A uses the following SMBus read protocols. Receive Byte In this operation, the master device receives a single byte from a slave device, as follows: 1. The master device asserts a start condition on SDA. The master device asserts a start condition on SDA. 2. 2. The master sends the 7-bit slave address followed by the read bit (high). The master sends the 7-bit slave address followed by the write bit (low). 3. The addressed slave device asserts ACK on SDA. 3. The addressed slave device asserts ACK on SDA. 4. 4. The master receives a data byte. The master sends a command code that tells the slave device to expect a block read. The ADM1041A command code for a block read is A1h (10100001). 5. The master asserts NO ACK on SDA. 5. The slave asserts ACK on SDA. 6. The master asserts a stop condition on SDA and the transaction ends. 6. The master asserts a repeat start condition on SDA. 7. In the ADM1041A, the receive byte protocol is used to read a single byte of data from a RAM or EEPROM location whose address has been set previously by a send byte or write byte/ word operation. This is illustrated in Figure 35. The master sends the 7-bit slave address followed by the read bit (high). 8. The slave asserts ACK on SDA. 9. The master receives a byte count data byte that tells it how many data bytes are to be received. The SMBus specification allows a maximum of 32 data bytes to be received in a block read. 2 4 5 6 DATA A P 3 SLAVE S R A ADDRESS 10. The master asserts ACK on SDA. Figure 35. Single-Byte Read from EEPROM or RAM 11. The master receives N data bytes. 12. The master asserts ACK on SDA after each data byte. 13. The slave does not acknowledge after the Nth data byte. 14. The master asserts a stop condition on SDA to end the transaction. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 COMMAND A1h BYTE SLAVE SLAVE S W A A S A DATA 1 A DATA N A P R A (BLOCK READ) COUNT ADDRESS ADDRESS Figure 36. Block Read from EEPROM or RAM Rev. 0 | Page 35 of 56 05405-036 1 05405-035 1. ADM1041A When using the SMBus interface, a write always consists of the ADM1041A SMBus interface address byte, followed by the internal address register byte, and then the data byte. There are two cases for a read. In the first case, if the internal address register is known to be at the desired address, read the ADM1041A with the SMBus interface address byte, followed by the data byte read from the ADM1041A. The internal address pointer increments if a block mode operation is in progress; data values of 0 are returned if the register address limit of 7Fh is exceeded or if unused registers in the address range 00h to 7Fh are accessed. If the address register is pointing at EEPROM memory, that is 8000h, and the address reaches its limit of 80FFh, it does not roll over to Address 8100h on the next access. Additional accesses do not increment the address pointer, all reads return 00h, and all writes complete normally but do not change any internal register or EEPROM location. If the address register is pointing at EEPROM memory, that is 81xxh, and the address reaches its limit of 813Fh, it does not roll over to Address 8140h on the next access. Additional accesses do not increment the address pointer, all reads return 00h, and all writes complete normally but do not change any internal register or EEPROM location. Note that for byte reads, the internal address does not auto-increment. In the second case, if the internal address register value is unknown, write to the ADM1041A with the SMBus interface address byte, followed by the internal address register byte. Then restart the serial communication with a read consisting of the SMBus interface address byte, followed by the data byte read from the ADM1041A. SMBus ALERT RESPONSE ADDRESS (ARA) The ADM1041A CBD/ALERT pin can be configured to respond to a variety of fault signals and can be used as an interrupt to a microprocessor. The pins from several ADM1041As may be wire-OR’ed. When the SMBus master (microprocessor) detects an alert request, it normally needs to read the alert status of each device to identify the source of the alert. If more than one device asserts an alert, all alerting devices try to respond with their slave addresses, but an arbitration process ensures that only the lowest slave address is received by the master. If the slave device has its alert configured as latching, it sends a command via the SMBus to clear the latch. The master should then check if the alert line is still asserted, and, if so, repeat the ARA call to service the next alert. Note that an alerting slave does not respond to an ARA call unless it is configured in SMBus mode (not AC_OKLink/PSONLINK) and up_pson_m is set. The ADM1041A supports the SMBus (ARA) function. SUPPORT FOR SMBus 1.1 SMBus 1.1 optionally adds a CRC8 frame check sequence to check if transmissions are received correctly. This is particularly useful for long block read/write EEPROM operations, when the SMBus is heavily loaded or in a noisy environment. The CRC8 frame can be used to guarantee reliability of the EEPROM. LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS Noise coupling into the digital lines (greater than 150 mV), overshoot greater than VCC, and undershoot less than GND may prevent successful SMBus communication with the ADM1041A. SMBus No Acknowledge is the most common symptom, causing unnecessary traffic on the bus. Although the SMBus maximum frequency of communication is rather low (400 kHz max), care still needs to be taken to ensure proper termination within a system with multiple parts on the bus and long printed circuit board traces. A 5.1 kΩ resistor can be added in series with the SDA and SCL lines to help filter noise and ringing. Minimize noise coupling by keeping digital traces out of switching power supply areas and ensure that digital lines containing high speed data communications cross at right angles to the SDA and SCL lines. POWER-UP AUTO-CONFIGURATION After power-up or reset, the ADM1041A automatically reads the content of a 32-byte block of EEPROM memory that starts at 8100h and transfers the contents into the appropriate trimlevel and control registers (00h to 1Bh). In this way, the ADM1041A can be preconfigured with the desired operating characteristics without the host system having to download the data over the SMBus. This does not preclude the possibility of modifying the configuration during normal operation. Figure 37 shows a block diagram of the EEPROM download at power-up or power-on reset. The SMBus ARA provides an easier method to locate the source of a such an alert. When the master receives an alert, it can send a general call address (0001100) over the bus. The device asserting the alert responds by returning its own slave address to the master. RAM CONFIGURATION REGISTERS EEPROM POWER UP Figure 37. EEPROM Download Rev. 0 | Page 36 of 56 DIGITAL TRIM POTS DIGITAL TIMING CONTROL 05405-037 Notes on SMBus Read Operations The SMBus interface of the ADM1041A cannot load the SMBUS if no power is applied to the ADM1041A. This requirement allows a power supply to be disconnected from the ac supply while still installed in a power subsystem. ADM1041A EXTENDED SMBus ADDRESSING BACKDOOR ACCESS It is possible to use more than three ADM1041As in a single power supply. The first time the device is powered up, Bit 1 of Configuration Register 1 (ADD1) is 0. This means that only three device addresses are initially available as defined by ADD0; if there are more than three devices in a system, two or more of them have duplicate addresses. See Figure 38. After SCL and SDA have been configured as AC_OKLink and PSONLINK, it may be desired to recover the SMBus access to the ADM1041A. Changes may be necessary to the internal configuration or trim bits. This is achieved by holding the SCL and SDA pins at 0 V (ground) while cycling VDD. SCL and SDA then revert to SMBus operation. See Figure 38. To overcome this, the ICT pin has additional functionality. Taking ICT below GND temporarily disables the SMBus function of the device. Thus, if the ICT pin of all devices in which ADD1 is to remain 0 are taken negative, the ADD1 bits of all other devices can be set to 1 via the SMBus. Each device then has a unique address. Internal diodes clamp the negative voltage to about 0.6 V, and care should be taken to limit the current to less than approximately 5 mA on each ICT input to prevent the possibility of damage or latch-up. The suggested current is 3 mA. One example of a suitable circuit is given in Figure 38. The ADM1041As can then be configured and trimmed. If required, AC_OKLink and PSONLINK must be configured last. If ICT is used for its intended purpose as a current transformer input, care must be taken with the circuit design to allow the extended SMBus addressing to work. VDD N/C 15 ADD0 ICT 8 AC_OKLink SCL 13 PSONLINK SDA 14 DEVICE 5 ICT 8 ADD1 = 1 SCL 13 VDD 15 ADD0 SDA 14 DEVICE 4 SDA/PSONLINK ICT 8 The SDA pin normally carries data in and out of the ADM1041A during programming/configuration or while reading/writing by a microprocessor. If a microprocessor is not used, this pin can be configured as PSONLINK and can be connected to the same pin on other ADM1041As in the power supply. If a fault is detected in any ADM1041A, causing it to shut down, it uses this pin to signal the other ADM1041As to also shut down. If an auto-restart has been configured, it also causes all ADM1041As to turn on together. SCL 13 15 ADD0 SDA 14 DEVICE 3 4kΩ ICT 8 SCL 13 N/C 15 ADD0 SDA 14 2.4mA SCL/AC_OKLink DEVICE 2 The SCL pin normally provides a clock signal into the ADM1041A during programming/configuration or while reading/writing by a microprocessor. If a microprocessor is not used, this pin can be configured as AC_OKLink, and can be connected to the same pin on other ADM1041As in the power supply. This allows a single ADM1041A to be used for ac sensing and helps to synchronize the start-up of multiple ADM1041As. EXTENDED SMBus ADDRESSING 4kΩ ICT 8 ADD1 = 0 –12V SCL 13 VDD 15 ADD0 SDA 14 DEVICE 1 4kΩ ICT 8 SCL 13 15 ADD0 SDA 14 BACKDOOR Figure 38. Extended SMBus Addressing and Backdoor Access Rev. 0 | Page 37 of 56 05405-038 DEVICE 0 ADM1041A REGISTER LISTING Table 8. Register Address 00h/2Ah Name Status1/Status1 Mirror Latched 01h/2Bh Status2/Status2 Mirror Latched 02h/2Ch Status3/Status3 Mirror Latched 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h 08h 09h 0Ah 0Bh 0Ch 0Dh 0Eh 0Fh 10h 11h 12h 13h 14h 15h 16h 17h 18h 19h 1Ah 1Bh 1Ch 1Dh 20h–29h 2Ah Calibration Bits Current Sense CC Current Share Offset Current Share Slope EEPROM_lock Load OV Fine Local UVP Trim Local OVP Trim OTP Trim ACSNS Trim Config1 Config2 Config3 Config4 Config5 Config6 Config7 Current Sense Divider Error Trim Current Sense Amplifer Offset Trim Current Sense Options 1 Current Sense Options 2 UV Clamp Trim Load VoltageTrim Sel CBD/SMBAlert1 Sel CBD/SMBAlert2 Manufacturer’s ID Revision Register Reserved for Manufacturer Status1 Mirror Latched 2Bh Status2 Mirror Latched 2Ch Status3 Mirror Latched 2Dh–2Eh 8000h–81FFh Reserved for Manufacturer EEPROM Power-On Value XXh—Depends on status of ADM1041A at power-up. XXh—Depends on status of ADM1041A at power-up. XXh—Depends on status of ADM1041A at power-up. From EEPROM Register 8103h From EEPROM Register 8104h From EEPROM Register 8105h From EEPROM Register 8106h From EEPROM Register 8107h From EEPROM Register 8108h From EEPROM Register 8109h From EEPROM Register 810Ah From EEPROM Register 810Bh From EEPROM Register 810Ch From EEPROM Register 810Dh From EEPROM Register 810Eh From EEPROM Register 810Fh From EEPROM Register 8110h From EEPROM Register 8111h From EEPROM Register 8112h From EEPROM Register 8113h From EEPROM Register 8114h From EEPROM Register 8115h From EEPROM Register 8116h From EEPROM Register 8117h From EEPROM Register 8118h From EEPROM Register 8119h From EEPROM Register 811Ah From EEPROM Register 811Bh 41h—Hardwired by manufacturer Xh—Hardwired by Manufacturer XXh—Depends on status of ADM1041A at power-up. XXh—Depends on status of ADM1041A at power-up. XXh—Depends on status of ADM1041A at power-up. Rev. 0 | Page 38 of 56 Factory EEPROM Value 00h 00h 00h FEh 20h 00h 00h 00h 00h 00h 00h 00h 00h 00h 00h 00h 00h XXh – Factory Cal Value XXh – Factory Cal Value XXh – Factory Cal Value XXh – Factory Cal Value 00h 00h 00h 00h ADM1041A DETAILED REGISTER DESCRIPTIONS Table 9. Register 00h, Status1. Power-On Default XXh (refer to the logic schematic in Figure 24 and to Table 43.) Bit No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name OV Fault UV Fault OCP Timeout Mon1 Flag Mon2 Flag Mon3 Flag Mon4 Flag Mon5 Flag R/W R R R R R R R R Description 1= Overvoltage fault has occurred. 1= Undervoltage fault has occurred. 1= Overcurrent has occured and timed out (ocpf is in the Status3 Register). 1= MON1 flag. 1= MON2 flag. 1= MON3 flag. 1= MON4 flag. 1= MON5 flag. Table 10. Register 01h, Status2. Power-On Default XXh (refer to the logic schematic in Figure 24 and to Table 43.) Bit No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name Share_OK OrFET_OK REVERSE_OK VDD_OK GND_OK Intref_OK Extrefok_OK VDDOV R/W R R R R R R R R Description 1= Current share is within limits. 1= OR’ing MOSFET is on. 1= Reverse OK—reverse voltage across the ORing MOSFET is within limits. 1= VDD is within limits. 1= Connection of GND pin is good. 1= Internal voltage reference is within limits. 1= External voltage reference is within limits. 1= VDD is above its OV threshold. Table 11. Register 02h, Status3. Power-On Default XXh (refer to the logic schematic in Figure 24 and to Table 43.) Bit No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name m_acsns_r m_pson_r m_penok_r m_psonok_r m_DC_OK_r ocpf PULSE_OK fault R/W R R R R R R R R Description Reflects the status on ACSENSE1/ACSENSE2. Reflects the status of PSON. Reflects the status of PEN. Status of PSONLINK. Status of DC_OK. 1= An overcurrent has occured, direct from comparator. 1= Pulses are present at the PULSE pin. 1= Fault latch. Table 12. Register 03h, Calibration Bits. Power-On Default from EEPROM Register 8103h During Power-Up Bit No. 7–6 Name Reverse Voltage Off Threshold R/W R/W 5–4 Reverse Voltage On Threshold R/W 3 2 PEN_GATE Gate Ramp R/W R/W Description Reverse Voltage Detector Turn-Off Threshold: b7 b6 Function 0 0 100 mV 0 1 150 mV 1 0 200 mV 1 1 250 mV Reverse Voltage Detector Turn On Threshold: b5 b4 Function 0 0 20 mV 0 1 30 mV 1 0 40 mV 1 1 50 mV Gate pen option. When set, PEN is gated by AC_OK. Gate ramp option. When set, soft start is gated by AC_OK. Rev. 0 | Page 39 of 56 ADM1041A Bit No. 1–0 Name Load OV Recover R/W R/W Description b1 b0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 Function Add 100 μs delay Add 200 μs delay Add 300 μs delay Add 400 μs delay Table 13. Register 04h, Current-Sense CC. Power-On Default from EEPROM Register 8104h During Power-Up Bit No. 7–3 Name Current-Limit Trim R/W R/W 2 1–0 Reserved Share OK Threshold R/W R/W Description This register contains the current-sense trim level setting at which current limiting starts. Five bits. Setting all bits to 1 results in maximum current limit (130%). Don’t Care. This should be set to “0” for normal operation. b1 b0 Function 0 0 ±100 mV 0 1 ±200 mV 1 0 ±300 mV 1 1 ±400 mV Table 14. Register 05h, Current Share Offset. Power-On Default from EEPROM Register 8105h During Power-Up Bit No. 7–0 Name Current Share Offset R/W R/W Description This register contains the current-share offset trim level. Writing 00h corresponds to the minimum offset. FFh corresponds to maximum offset. See the Current Limit Error Amplifier section in the Table 1 for more information. Table 15. Register 06h, Current Share Slope. Power-On Default from EEPROM Register 8106h During Power-Up Bit No. 7–1 Name Current Share Slope R/W R/W 0 Reserved R/W Description This register contains current share slope trim level. Increasing this results in a steeper slope for the current share. This register is normally written to during the user calibration. It is used with Reg15h for trimming the current share. Don’t Care. Table 16. Register 07h, EEPROM_lock. Power-On Default from EEPROM Register 8107h During Power-Up Bit No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name Reserved Lock6 Lock5 Lock4 Lock3 Lock2 Lock1 Lock0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Description Don’t Care Locks 8140h–817Fh Locks 8120h–813Fh Locks 8100h–811Fh Locks 80C0h–80FFh Locks 8080h–80BFh Locks 8040h–807Fh Locks 8000h–803Fh Available FRU. ADI cal registers, locked by manufacturer. ADM1041A configuration boot registers. Available FRU. Available FRU. Available FRU. Available FRU. Table 17. Register 08h, Load OV Fine. Power-On Default from EEPROM Register 8108h During Power-Up Bit No. 7–0 Name Load OV Trim R/W R/W Description Load OV Trim. This range is programmable from 105% to 120% of the nominal load voltage. 00h corresponds to 105%. Each LSB results in an increase of 1.6 mV. Table 18. Register 09h, Local UVP Trim. Power-On Default from EEPROM Register 8109h During Power-Up Bit No. 7–0 Name local_uvp R/W R/W Description This register contains the local undervoltage settings. This can be programmed from 1.3 V to 2.1 V when the nominal voltage is 2 V. Each LSB increases the UV clamp setting by 3.1 mV. See the Local Overvoltage specifications in Table 1. Rev. 0 | Page 40 of 56 ADM1041A Table 19. Register 0Ah, Local OVP Trim. Power-On Default from EEPROM Register 810Ah During Power-Up Bit No. 7–0 Name Local OVP R/W R/W Description Local OVP Trim. This range is programmable so that the Local OVP flag can be set when 1.9 V to 2.85 V appears at the VLS pin when the nominal voltage is 2 V. Each LSB corresponds typically to an increase of 3.7 mV. See the Local Overvoltage specifications in Table 1. Table 20. Register 0Bh, OTP Trim. Power-On Default from EEPROM Register 810Bh During Power-Up Bit No. 7–4 Name OTP Trim R/W R/W 3–1 0 Reserved Soft OTP R/W R/W Description OTP Threshold Trim. Each LSB corresponds typically to an increase of 27 mV. See the OTP specifications in Table 1. Don’t Care Configure Soft OTP Option 0 = mon5 +ve ov = ov 1 = mon5 +ve ov = softotp Table 21. Register 0Ch, ACSENSE Trim. Power-On Default from EEPROM Register 810Ch During Power-Up Bit No. 7–3 2–0 Name AC SENSE Threshold AC SENSE Hysteresis R/W R/W Description ACSENSE Threshold Trim Settings. Each LSB corresponds to 14 mV increase in the AC SENSE threshold. The range is 1.10 V to 1.45 V. ACSENSE Hysteresis Trim Settings. Each LSB corresponds to 50 mV increase in the AC SENSE hysteresis. The range is 200 V to 550 mV. R/W Table 22. Register 0Dh, Config1. Power-On Default from EEPROM Register 810Dh During Power-Up Bit No. 7 Name PS ON R/W R/W 6 5 4 Reserved Reserved Undervoltage Blanking R/W R/W R/W 3–1 Mon 1 / ACSENSE 1 R/W 0 i2c_mb R/W Description 0 = Internal PSON. 1 = Support via SMBus. Selects PSON from config6 < 1 > = m_pson_w. Don’t Care. Don’t Care. Undervoltage Blanking Mode. 1: Blanking-hold period starts from recovery of AC_OK. 0: Blanking-hold period starts following SCL = 0, while i2c_mb = 1. b3 b2 b1 option Mon1 Flag ov uv 0 0 0 iopin = ACSNS1 (true = high) 0 0 1 iopin = ACSNS1 (true = high) 0 1 0 +ve ov iopin < 1.15 V 0 0 0 iopin > 1.25 V 1 1 0 0 1 1 +ve uv iopin < 1.25 V 0 0 1 iopin > 1.35 V 1 0 0 1 0 0 –ve ov iopin < 1.25 V 0 1 0 iopin > 1.35 V 1 0 0 1 0 1 –ve uv iopin < 1.15 V 0 0 0 iopin > 1.25 V 1 0 1 1 1 0 flag iopin < 1.15 V 0 0 0 iopin > 1.25 V 1 0 0 1 1 1 flag iopin < 1.15 V 1 0 0 iopin > 1.25 V 0 0 0 0 = Pins are configured as SDA/SCL (default). 1 = SCL pin is configured as AC_OKLink output. SDA pin is configured as PSONLINK output. Rev. 0 | Page 41 of 56 ADM1041A Table 23. Register 0Eh, Config2. Power-On Default from EEPROM Register 810Eh During Power-Up Bit No. 7–5 4–2 1–0 Name MON 2 / ACSENSE2 MON 3 / PS ON DC OK On Delay R/W R/W R/W R/W Description b7 0 0 0 b6 0 0 1 b5 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 b4 0 0 0 b3 0 0 1 b2 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 option iopin = ACSENSE2 iopin = ACSENSE2 +ve ov iopin < 1.15 V iopin > 1.25 V +ve uv iopin < 1.25 V iopin > 1.35 V −ve ov iopin < 1.25 V iopin > 1.35 V −ve uv iopin < 1.15 V iopin > 1.25 V flag iopin < 1.15 V iopin > 1.25 V flag iopin > 1.25 V iopin > 1.25 V Ov Mon2 Flag (true = high) (true = high) 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 uv option iopin = PSON iopin = PSON +ve ov iopin < 1.15 V iopin > 1.25 V +ve uv iopin < 1.25 V iopin > 1.35 V −ve ov iopin < 1.25 V iopin > 1.35 V −ve uv iopin < 1.15 V iopin > 1.25 V flag iopin < 1.15 V iopin > 1.25 V flag iopin < 1.15 V iopin > 1.25 V ov Mon3 Flag (true = low) (true = high) 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 uv DC_OKon_delay b1 0 0 1 1 b0 0 1 0 1 option 400 ms 200 ms 800 ms 1600 ms Rev. 0 | Page 42 of 56 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 ADM1041A Table 24. Register 0Fh, Config3. Power-On Default from EEPROM Register 810Fh During Power-Up Bit No. 7–5 4–2 1–0 Name MON 4 / DC OK MON 5 / AC OK PS_ON TIME R/W R/W Description b7 b6 0 0 0 0 0 1 option iopin = DC_OK iopin = DC_OK +ve ov iopin < 1.15 V iopin > 1.25 V 0 1 1 +ve uv iopin < 1.25 V iopin > 1.35 V 1 0 0 −ve ov iopin < 1.25 V iopin > 1.35 V 1 0 1 −ve uv iopin < 1.15 V iopin > 1.25 V 1 1 0 flag iopin < 1.15 V iopin > 1.25 V 1 1 1 flag iopin < 1.15 V iopin > 1.25 V b4 b3 b2 option 0 0 0 iopin = AC_OK 0 0 1 iopin = AC_OK 0 1 0 +ve ov iopin < vdac iopin > vdac 0 1 1 +ve uv iopin < vdac iopin > vdac 1 0 0 −ve ov iopin < vdac iopin > vdac 1 0 1 −ve uv iopin < vdac iopin > vdac 1 1 0 flag iopin < vdac iopin > vdac 1 1 1 Reserved PS_ON debounce time: b1 b0 option 0 0 80 ms 1 0 0 ms (no debounce) 1 0 40 ms 1 1 160 ms R/W R/W b5 0 1 0 Mon4 Flag ov uv 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 Mon5 Flag 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ov 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 uv 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Table 25. Register 10h, Config4. Power-On Default from EEPROM Register 8110h During Power-Up Bit No. 7–6 Name DC_OK Off Delay R/W R/W 5–4 Current SHARE Capture R/W Description DC_OK off delay (power-off warn delay) b7 b6 option 0 0 2 ms 0 1 0 ms 1 0 1 ms 1 1 4 ms b5 b4 option 0 0 1% 0 1 2% 1 0 3% 1 1 4% Rev. 0 | Page 43 of 56 ADM1041A Bit No. 3–2 Name Soft Start R/W R/W 1 0 Address Trim Lock R/W R/W Description Soft-Start Step b3 b2 Rise Time 0 0 300 μs 0 1 10 ms 1 0 20 ms 1 1 40 ms EEPROM programmable second address bit. When this bit is set, the trim registers including this register are not writable via SMBus. To make registers writable again, the trim-lock bit in the EEPROM must first be erased and the value downloaded using either power-up or test download. Table 26. Register 11h, Config5. Power-On Default from EEPROM Register 8111h During Power-Up Bit No. 7 6 5 4–3 2 1 0 Name Current Limit Disable PEN Polarity CBD Polarity Reserved OCP Ridethrough GND_OK Disable CBD Latch Mode R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Description Mask effect of OCP to general logic (status flag still gets asserted) when curr_lim_dis = 1. Sets polarity of PEN output. Sets polarity of CBD output. Don’t Care. Set this bit to 1 when OCP ridethrough is required. A small delay still exists. Refer to Reg 12h. Disable GROUND_OK input to power management debounce logic. Select CBD latch mode. 0 = nonlatching; 1 = latching. Table 27. Register 12h, Config6. Power-On Default from EEPROM Register 8112h During Power-Up Bit No. 7 Name Restart Mode R/W R/W 6 Micro AC OK R/W 5 Micro AC SENSE R/W 4–3 OCP Ridethrough R/W 2 AC Sense Mode R/W 1 0 Micro PS_ON Current Share Clamp R/W R/W Description Restart mode (rsm). When rsm = 1, the circuit attempts to restart the supply after an undervoltage or overcurrent at about 1-second intervals. Latch mode. When rsm = 0, UV and OC faults latch the output off. Cycling PSON or removing the supply to the IC is then required to reset the latch and permit a restart. Configure microprocessor to control/gate signal from AC_IN_OK to AC_S_OK. See Table 43. 0 = Standalone. 1 = Microprocessor support mode. Microproccessor control of ACSENSE. See Table 43. OCP ridethrough (Reg 11h[2] = 0) OCP ridethrough (Reg11h[2] = 1) b4 b3 Period b4 b3 Period 0 0 1 second 0 0 128 μs 0 1 2 seconds 0 1 256 μs 1 0 3 seconds 1 0 384 μs 1 1 4 seconds 1 1 512 μs ACSENSE mode. 0 means AC_OK is derived from ACSENSE1, whereas 1 means AC_OK is derived from ACSENSE2. Microprocessor control of pson. See Table 43. 0 = 75%. Set current share clamp release threshold. 1 = 88%. Table 28. Register 13h, Config7. Power-On Default from EEPROM Register 8113h During Power-Up Bit No. 7 6 5 4 Name PEN Polarity CBD Polarity DC_OK Polarity AC_OK Polarity R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Description Sets polarity of PEN output. Sets polarity of CBD output. Sets polarity of DC_OK output. Sets polarity of AC_OK output. Rev. 0 | Page 44 of 56 ADM1041A Bit No. 3 Name FG Polarity R/W R/W 2 Micro Share Clamp R/W 1 Micro CBD Write R/W 0 Micro CBD Clear R/W Description Sets polarity of OrFET gate control (FG pin): 0 = inverted (low = on); 1 = normal (low = off). Allow the microprocessor to directly control the share clamp. 0 = normal share clamp operation, that is, not clamped; 1 = assert share clamp, that is, clamped. See Table 43. Allow the microprocessor to write directly to CBD as a possible way of adding an additional port. This might be a blinking LED or a fail signal to the system. See Table 43. Microprocessor clear of CBD latch (if configured as latching) folowing an SMBAlert. See Table 43. Table 29. Register 14h, Current-Sense Divider Error Trim 1. Power-On Default from EEPROM Register 8114h During Power-Up Bit No. 7–0 Name Current Sense Offset Trim R/W R/W Description Trim-out offset due to external resistor divider tolerances (for common-mode correction). This register is normally written to during the user calibration. Table 30. Register 15h, Current Sense Amp Offset Trim 2. Power-On Default from EEPROM Register 8115h During Power-Up Bit No. 7–0 Name Current Sense DC offset Trim R/W R/W Description Trim-out current sense amplifier offset (dc offset correction). Increasing this results in more offset for the current sense. This register is normally written to during the user calibration. It is used with Reg06H. Table 31. Register 16h, Current-Sense Options 1. Power-On Default from EEPROM Register 8116h During Power-Up Bit No. 7–6 Name Reserved R/W R/W Description Don’t Care 5–3 Divider Trim R/W 2–0 Current-Sense Gain R/W External Divider Tolerance Trim Range (Common-Mode Trim Range). b5 b4 b3 Range External Resistor Tolerance 0 0 0 −5 mV −0.25% 0 0 1 −10 mV −0.50% 0 1 0 −20 mV −1.00% 1 0 0 +5 mV +0.25% 1 0 1 +10 mV +0.50% 1 1 0 +20 mV +1.00% Gain Selector b2 b1 b0 Gain Range 0 0 0 65x 34.0 mV to 44.5 mV 0 0 1 85x 26.0 mV to 34.0 mV 0 1 0 110x 20.0 mV to 26.0 mV 1 0 0 135x 16.0 mV to 20.0 mV 1 0 1 175x 12.0 mV to 16.0 mV 1 1 0 230x 9.5 mV to 12.0 mV Rev. 0 | Page 45 of 56 ADM1041A Table 32. Register 17h, Current-Sense Option 2. Power-On Default from EEPROM Register 8117h During Power-Up Bit No. 7 Name Current Sense Mode R/W R/W 6 Chopper Enable R/W 5 CT Range R/W 4 Ground Offset R/W 3 Reserved R/W 2–0 Diff Sense Trim R/W Description 0 = Current sense with external resistor. 1 = Current transformer. When chopper = 1, current-sense amplifier is configured as a chopper amplifier. Otherwise, current-sense amplifier is continuous time amplifier. Gain Range 0 = 4.5 0.45 V–0.68 V 1 = 2.57 0.79 V–1.20 V 0: ground offset = 100 mV; ISHARE error amp, offset = 50 mV. 1: ground offset = 0; ISHARE error amp offset = 0. Don’t Care. Internal Sense Amp Offset Trim Range for Differential Current Sense b2 b1 b0 Range 0 0 0 −8 mV 0 0 1 −15 mV 0 1 0 −30 mV 1 0 0 +8 mV 1 0 1 +15 mV 1 1 0 +30 mV Gain −1 −2 −4 +1 +2 +4 Table 33. Register 18h, UV Clamp Trim. Power-On Default from EEPROM Register 8118h During Power-Up Bit No. Name R/W Description 7–0 False UV Clamp R/W This register contains the false UV clamp settings. This can be programmed from 1.3 V to 2.1 V when the nominal voltage is 2 V. Each LSB increases the UV Clamp setting by 3.1 mV. Table 34. Register 19h, Load Voltage Trim. Power-On Default from EEPROM Register 8119h During Power-Up Bit No. 7–0 Name Load Voltage Trim R/W R/W Description This register contains the load voltage trim settings and is normally written to during the user to set the output voltage. Table 35. Register 1Ah, Sel CBD/SMBAlert1. Power-On Default From EEPROM Register 811Ah During Power-Up Bit No. Name R/W 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 selcbd1 <7> selcbd1 <6> selcbd1 <5> selcbd1 <4> selcbd1 <3> selcbd1 <2> selcbd1 <1> Selcbd1 <0> R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Description This register allows the user to set the CBD/Alert pin when certain flag conditions occur. These bits are set up in an OR function so that any one flag can set the CBD/Alert pin. This register is used with Register 1Bh. Overvoltage Fault uvfault OCP Timeout (ridethrough timed out, ocpf flag) acsnsb (inverted) ocpf otp (MON5 OV) orfetokb (inverted) Share_OKb (inverted) Rev. 0 | Page 46 of 56 ADM1041A Table 36. Register 1Bh, Sel CBD/SMBAlert2. Power-On Default from EEPROM Register 811Bh During Power-Up Bit No. Name R/W 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 selcbd2 <7> selcbd2 <6> selcbd2 <5> selcbd2 <4> selcbd2 <3> selcbd2 <2> selcbd2 <1> selcbd2 <0> R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Description This register allows the user to set the CBD/Alert pin when certain flag conditions occur. These bits are set up in an OR function so that any one flag can set the CBD/Alert pin. This register is used with Register 1Ah. VDDOK b (inverted) MON 1 flag MON 2 flag MON 3 flag MON 4 flag Micro CBD write. Microprocessor control of CBD Mon5 flag Not used. Table 37. Register 1Ch, Manufacturer’s ID. Power-On Default 41h. Bit No. 7–0 Name Manufacturer’s ID Code R/W R Description This register contains the manufacturer’s ID code for the device. It is used by the manufacturer for test purposes and should not be read from or written to in normal operation. Table 38. Register 1Dh, Revision Register. Power-On Default 01h. Bit No. 7–4 3–0 Name Major Revision Code Minor Revision Code R/W R R Description These 4 bits denote the generation of the device. These 4 bits contain the manufacturer’s code for minor revisions to the device: Rev 0 = 0h, Rev 1 = 1h, and so on. This register is used by the manufacturer for test purposes. It should not be read from or written to in normal operation. Table 39. Register 2Ah, Status1 Mirror Latched. Power-On Default 00h. These flags are cleared by a register read, provided the fault no longer persists. See also Table 43. Note that latched bits are clocked on a low-to-high transmission only. Also note that these register bits are cleared when read via the SMBus, except if the fault is still present. It is recommended to read the register again after the faults disappear to ensure reset. Bit No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name OV Fault Latch UV Fault Latch OCP Timeout Latch Mon1 Flag Latch Mon2 Flag Latch Mon3 Flag Latch Mon4 Flag Latch Mon5 Flag Latch R/W R R R R R R R R Description Overvoltage fault has occurred. Undervoltage fault has occurred. Overcurrent has occured and timed out (ocpf is in Status3 register). MON1 flag. MON2 flag. MON3 flag. MON4 flag. MON5 flag. Rev. 0 | Page 47 of 56 ADM1041A Table 40. Register 2Bh, Status2 Mirror Latched. Power-On Default 00h. These flags are cleared by a register read, provided the fault no longer persists. See also Table 43. Note that latched bits are clocked on a low-to-high transmission only. Also note that these register bits are cleared when read via the SMBus, except if the fault is still present. It is recommended to read the register again after faults disappear to ensure reset. Bit No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name Share_OK Latch OrFET OK Latch Reverse OK Latch VDDOK Latch GND OK Latch intrefok Latch extrefok Latch VDDOV Latch R/W R R R R R R R R Description Share_OK fault ORFET fault Reverse_OK fault VDD OK fault GND_OK fault Internal reference fault External reference fault VDD OK fault Table 41. Register 2Ch, Status3 Mirror Latched. Power-On Default 00h These flags are cleared by a register read, provided the fault no longer persists. See also Table 43. Note that latched bits are clocked on a low-to-high transmission only. Also note that these register bits are cleared when read via the SMBus, except if the fault is still present. It is recommended to read the register again after the faults disappear to ensure reset. Bit No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name m_acsns_r Latch m_pson_r Latch m_penok_r Latch m_psonok_r Latch m_DC_OK_r Latch OCP Latch PULSE_OK Latch Fault R/W R R R R R R R R Description AC_OK fault PSON fault PEN fault PSONLINK fault DC_OK fault OCP fault Pulse fault Fault latch MANUFACTURING DATA Table 42. Register Register 81F0h Register 81F1h Register 81F2h Register 81F3h Register 81F4h Register 81F5h Register 81F6h Register 81F7h Register 81F8h Register 81F9h Register 81FAh Register 81FBh Register 81FCh Register 81FDh Register 81FEh Register 81FFh Description PROBE1_BIN PROBE2_BIN FT_BIN PROBE1_CHKSUM PROBE2_CHKSUM FT_CHKSUM QUAL_PART_ID Probe 1 cell current data (integer) Probe 1 cell current data (two decimal places) Probe 2 cell current data (integer) Probe 2 cell current data (two decimal places) Final test cell current data (integer) Final test cell current data (two decimal places) Probe X coordinate Probe Y coordinate Wafer number Rev. 0 | Page 48 of 56 ADM1041A MICROPROCESSOR SUPPORT Possible ways to turn the ADM1041A on or off in response to a system request or a fault include the following: • Daisy-chaining other ADM1041A PSON pins to the PEN pin, which is controlled by PSON on one ADM1041A. • Use a microprocessor to control the PSON, the system interface, and any shutdowns due to faults. • Connect all AC_OKLink pins together and connect all PSONLINK pins together. These pins must be configured appropriately. Flags appended with _L are latched (Registers 2Ah/2Bh/2Ch). The latch is reset when the flag is read, except when the fault is still present. It is advisable to continue reading the flag(s) until the fault(s) have cleared. Table 43. Mnemonic m_pson_r Micro PS_ON m_acsns_r Micro AC SENSE Micro Share Clamp Micro CBD Write Micro CBD Clear Mon5 Flag Mon4 Flag Mon3 Flag Mon2 Flag Mon1 Flag OCP Timeout UV Fault OV Fault Description Allows the microprocessor to read the state of PSON. This allows only one ADM1041A to be configured as the PSON interface to the host system. Allows the microprocessor to write to control the PSON function of each ADM1041A. When in microprocessor support mode, the principle configuration for controlling power-on/power-off is as follows. One ADM1041A is configured as the interface to the host system through the standard PSON pin. This pin is configured not to write through to the PSON debounce block. The microprocessor polls the status of this ADM1041A by reading m_pson_r. Debouncing is done by the microprocessor. If m_pson_r changed state, the microprocessor writes the new state to m_pson_w in all ADM1041As on the SMBus. If a fault occurs on any output, the SMBAlert interrupt requests microprocessor attention. If this means turning all ADM1041As off, this is done by writing a zero to the m_pson_w bit. Allows the microprocessor to read the state of ACSENSE1/ACSENSE2. This allows one ADM1041A to be configured as the interface to the host power supply. Allows the microprocessor to write to control the ACSENSE function of each ADM1041A. When in microprocessor support mode the principle configuration for controlling AC_OK, undervoltage blanking, PEN gating, and RAMP/SS gating is as follows. One ADM1041A is configured to be the interface with the host power supply AC monitoring circuitry. This ADM1041A can be configured so that the acsns signal is written through or would not be written through. Regardless, the microprocessor monitors m_acsns_r and write to m_acsns_w as appropriate. Because it is possible to sense but not to write through, it is possible to configure a second ADM1041A to monitor a second ac or bulk voltage. Allows the μP to write directly to m_shr_clmp to control when the ISHARE clamp is released. During a hot-swap insertion, there may be a need to delay the release of the ISHARE clamp. This allows the designer an option over the default release at 75% or 88% of the reference ramp (soft start). Allows the microprocessor to write directly to CBD as a possible way of adding an additional output port. This might be for blinking LEDs or as a fault signal to the system. Allows the microprocessor to clear the CBD latch following an SMBalert. If CBD is configured to be latching, there may be circumstances that lead to CBD/SMBAlert being set by, for example, one of the MON flags, but does not lead to PSON being cycled and CBD being reset. In this case, the microprocessor needs to write directly to CBD to reset the latch. This flag indicates the status of the MON5 pin. This flag indicates the status of the MON4 pin. This flag indicates the status of the MON3 pin. This flag indicates the status of the MON2 pin. This flag indicates the status of the MON1 pin. If this flag is high, an overcurrent has occurred and timed out. If this flag is high, an undervoltage has been sensed If this flag is high, an overvoltage has been sensed. Rev. 0 | Page 49 of 56 Register 02h Bit 6 Read/Write Read-only 12h 1 Read/Write 02h 7 Read-only 12h 5 Read/Write 13h 2 Read/Write 13h 1 Read/Write 13h 0 Read/Write 00h 00h 00h 00h 00h 00h 00h 00h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only ADM1041A Mnemonic VDDOV Extrefok_OK Intrefok_OK GND_OK VDD_OK REVERSE_OK OrFET_OK Share_OK Fault PULSE_OK ocpf m_DC_OK_r m_psonok_r m_penok_r m_pson_r m_acsns_r Mon5 Flag Latch Mon4 Flag Latch Mon3 Flag Latch Mon2 Flag Latch Mon1 Flag Latch OCP Timeout Latch UV Fault Latch OV Fault Latch VDDOV Latch extrefok Latch intrefok Latch GND OK Latch VDDOK Latch Reverse OK Latch OrFET OK Latch Share_OK Latch Fault PULSE_OK Latch OCP Latch m_DC_OK_r Latch m_psonok_r Latch m_penok_r Latch m_pson_r Latch m_acsns_r Latch Description If this flag is high, a VDD overvoltage has been sensed. If this flag is low, the externally available reference on Pin 18 is overloaded. If this flag is low, the internal reference has no integrity. If this flag is low, ground (Pin 7) is open (either pin to PCB or pin to bond wires). If this flag is low, VDD is below its UVL or the power mangement block has a problem, a reference voltage, a ground fault, or a VDD overvoltage fault. If this flag is low, the OrFET has an excessive reverse voltage. If this flag is low, either PULSE_OK, penok, loadvok, or reverseok is false. If this flag is low, the current-share accuracy is out of limits. Fault latch. If this flag is high, either an ovfault, uvfault, or ocp has occured. Pulses are present at ACSENSE 1. If this flag is high, an overcurrent has been sensed and the ocp timer has started. This flag indicates the status of the DC_OK pin. This flag indicates the status of the PSONLINK pin. This flag indicates the status of the PEN pin. This flag indicates the status of the PSON pin. This flag indicates the status of the ACSENSE1/ACSENSE2 pin. Latched status of MON5 flag. Latched status of MON4 flag. Latched status of MON3 flag. Latched status of MON2 flag. Latched status of MON1 flag. Latched OCP timeout. Latched uvfault. Latched ovfault. Latched vddov fault. Latched extref fault. Latched intref fault. Latched gnd fault. Latched VDD fault. Latched reverse voltage fault. Latched orfet fault. Latched share fault. Latched fault. Latched pulse fault. Latched ocpf fault. Latched DC_OK fault. Latched PSONLINKfault. Latched PEN fault. Latched PSON fault. Latched ACSENSE fault. Rev. 0 | Page 50 of 56 Register 01h 01h 01h 01h 01h Bit 0 1 2 3 4 Read/Write Read only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only 01h 01h 01h 02h 02h 02h 5 6 7 0 1 2 Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only 02h 02h 02h 02h 02h 2Ah 2Ah 2Ah 2Ah 2Ah 2Ah 2Ah 2Ah 2Bh 2Bh 2Bh 2Bh 2Bh 2Bh 2Bh 2Bh 2Ch 2Ch 2Ch 2Ch 2Ch 2Ch 2Ch 2Ch 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only ADM1041A TEST NAME TABLE This table is an ADI internal reference. It is a cross reference for the ADI test program. Table 44. Specification Supplies VDD IDD, Current Consumption Peak IDD, during EEPROM Erase Cycle UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT, VDD Start-Up Threshold Stop Threshold Hysteresis POWER BLOCK PROTECTION VDD Overvoltage VDD Overvoltage Debounce Open Ground Debounce POWER-ON RESET DC Level DIFFERENTIAL LOAD VOLTAGE SENSE I VS− Input Voltage VS+ Input Voltage VS− Input Resistance VS+ Input Resistance VNOM Adjustment Range Set Load Voltage Trim Step Minimum Set Load Overvoltage Trim Range Set Load Overvoltage Trim Step Recover Load OV False to FG True Time from Load OV to FG False LOCAL VOLTAGE SENSE, VLS, AND FALSE UNDERVOLTAGE CLAMP Input Voltage Range Stage Gain False UV Clamp, VLS Input Voltage Nominal, and Trim Range Clamp Trim Step LOCAL OVERVOLTAGE Nominal and Trim Range OV Trim Step OV Trim Step Noise Filter, for OVP Function Only LOCAL UNDERVOLTAGE UV Trim Step UV Trim Step Noise Filter, for UVP Function Only VOLTAGE ERROR AMPLIFIER Reference Voltage Temperature Coefficient Long-Term Voltage Stability Soft-Start Period Range Test Name VDD IDD VDD (ON) VDD (OFF) VDDHYS VOVP TDFILTER VGND TDEBOUNCE VPOR VDVCM VDVIN_MAX VDVINRN VDVINRP VDVADJ VDVTRIM VDVLOV VLOVTRIM TLOADOV_FALSE TLOADOV_TRUE VLS_RANGE ACLAMP VCLMPTRIM VCLMPSTEP VLSOV VLSOVSTEP VLSOVSTEP TNFOVP VLSUV VLSUVSTEP VLSUVSTEP TNFUVP VCMP VREF_VCMP TCV VSTAB TSSRANGE Specification VOLTAGE ERROR AMPLIFIER (CONT.) Set Soft-Start Period Unity Gain Bandwidth Transconductance Source Current Sink Current DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT-SENSE INPUT, Cs – Cs+ Common-Mode Range, External Divider Tolerance Trim Range (with respect to input) External Divider Tolerance Trim Step DC Offset Trim Range (os_dc_range) DC Offset Trim Step Size Total Offset Temperature Drift Gain Range (Isense_range) Gain Setting 1 (16h, B2–0 = 000) Gain Setting 2 (16h, B2–0 = 001) Gain Setting 3 (16h, B2–0 = 010) Gain Setting 4 (16h, B2–0 = 100) Gain Setting 5 (16h, B2–0 = 101) Gain Setting 6 (16h, B2–0 = 110) CURRENT-SENSE CALIBRATION Full Scale (No Offset) Current Share Trim Step (At SHRO), Cal. Accuracy, 20 mV at CS+, CS− Cal. Accuracy, 40 mV at CS+, CS– Cal. Accuracy, 40 mV at CS+, CS− SHARE BUS OFFSET Current Share Offset Range Zero Current Offset Trim Step CURRENT TRANSFORMER SENSE INPUT Gain Setting 0 Gain Setting 1 CT Input Sensitivity (Gain Set 0) CT Input Sensitivity (Gain Set 1) Input Impedance Source Current Source Current Step Size Reverse Current for Extended SMBus CURRENT-LIMIT ERROR AMPLIFIER Current Limit Trim Range Current Limit Trim Step Current Limit Trim Step Transconductance Output Source Current Output Sink Current Rev. 0 | Page 51 of 56 Test Name TSS GBW G mVCMP ISOURCE_VCMP ISINK_VCMP VCM_RANGE VOS_DIV_RANGE VOS_DIV_STEP VOS_DC_RANGE VOS_DC_STEP TDRIFT Isense_range G65X G85X G110X G135X G175X G230X VSHR VSHRSTEP TolCSHR TolCSHR TolCSHR VZO VZOSTEP ICT GCT_X4 GCT_X2 VCT_X4 VCT_X2 RIN_CT ISOURCE_CT ISTEP_CT IREV CLIM CLIMSTEP CLIMSTEP GmCCMP ISOURCE_CCMP ISINK_CCMP ADM1041A Specification CURRENT-SHARE DRIVER Output Voltage Short-Circuit Source Current Source Current Sink Current I SHARE DIFFERENTIAL SENSE Input Impedance Gain CURRENT-SHARE ERROR AMPLIFIER Transconductance, SHRS to SCM Output Source Current Output Sink Current Input Offset Voltage Share OK Window Comp Threshold CURRENT LIMIT Lower Threshold Upper Threshold CURRENT-SHARE CAPTURE Current Share Capture Range Capture Threshold FET OR GATE DRIVE Output Low Level (On) Output Leakage Current REVERSE VOLTAGE COMPARATOR Input Impedance Reverse Turn-Off Threshold Reverse Turn-On Threshold ACSENSE1/ACSENSE2 COMPARATOR Threshold Voltage Threshold Adjust Range Threshold Trim Step Hysteresis Voltage Hysteresis Adjust Range Hysteresis Trim Step Noise Filter PULSE-IN Threshold Voltage Pulseok on delay Pulseok off delay OCP OCP Threshold Voltage OCP Shutdown Delay Time OCP Fast Shutdown Delay Time Test Name VSHRO_1K ISHRO_SHORT ISHRO_SOURCE ISHRO_SINK RIN_SHR_DIFF GSHR_DIFF GmSCMP ISOURCE_SCMP ISINK_SCMP VIN_SHR_OFF VSHR_THRES VCLIM_THRES_MIN VCLIM_THRES_MAX SHRCAPT_RANGE VSHR_CAPT_THRES VLO_FET IOL_FET RFS, RFD VRVD_THRES_OFF VRVD_THRES_ON VSNSADJ_THRES VSNSADJ_RANGE VSNSADJ_STEP VSNSHST VSNSHYS_RANGE VSNSHYS_STEP TNFSNS VPULSEMIN TPULSEON TPULSEOFF VOCP_THRES TOCP_SLOW TOCP_FAST Specification MON1, MON2, MON3, MON4 Sense Voltage Hysteresis OVP Noise Filter UVP Noise Filter OTP (MON5) Sense Voltage Range OTP Trim Step Hysteresis OVP Noise Filter UVP Noise Filter PSON Input Low Level Input High Level Debounce PEN, DC_OK, CBD, AC_OK Open-Drain N-Channel Option Output Low Level = On Open-Drain P-Channel Option? Output High Level = On Leakage Current DC_OK, Off Delay SMBus, SDL/SCL Input Voltage Low Input Voltage High Output Voltage Low Pull-Up Current Leakage Current SERIAL BUS TIMING Clock Frequency Glitch Immunity Bus Free Time Start Setup Time Start Hold Time SCL Low Time SCL Low Time SCL High Time SCL, SDA Rise Time SCL, SDA Fall Time Data Setup Time Data Hold Time Rev. 0 | Page 52 of 56 Test Name VMON1 VMON1_HST TNFOVP_MON1 TNFUVP_MON1 VOTP_RANGE VOTP_STEP IOTP_HST TNFOVP_OTP TNFUVP_OTP VIL_PSON VIH_PSON TNF_PSON VOL_PEN VOH_PEN IOH_PEN TDCOK_OFF VIL VIH VOL IPULLUP ILEAK fSCLK tSW tBUF tSU;STA tHD;STA tLOW tLOW tHIGH tr tf tSU;DAT tHD;DAT ADM1041A OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 0.341 BSC 24 13 0.154 BSC 1 0.236 BSC 12 PIN 1 0.069 0.053 0.065 0.049 0.010 0.004 0.025 BSC COPLANARITY 0.004 0.012 0.008 SEATING PLANE 0.010 0.006 8° 0° 0.050 0.016 COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-137AE Figure 39. 24-Lead Shrink Small Outline Package [QSOP] (RQ-24) Dimensions shown in inches ORDERING GUIDE Model ADM1041AARQZ 1 ADM1041AARQZ-REEL1 ADM1041AARQZ-REEL71 1 Temperature Range −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C −40°C to +85°C Package Description 24-Lead QSOP 24-Lead QSOP 24-Lead QSOP Z = Pb-free part Rev. 0 | Page 53 of 56 Package Option RQ-24 RQ-24 RQ-24 ADM1041A NOTES Rev. 0 | Page 54 of 56 ADM1041A NOTES Rev. 0 | Page 55 of 56 ADM1041A NOTES Purchase of licensed I2C components of Analog Devices or one of its sublicensed Associated Companies conveys a license for the purchaser under the Philips I2C Patent Rights to use these components in an I2C system, provided that the system conforms to the I2C Standard Specification as defined by Philips. © 2005 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D05405–0–7/05(0) Rev. 0 | Page 56 of 56