Features
• 8-bit Microcontroller Compatible with MCS®51 Products
• Enhanced 8051 Architecture
•
•
•
•
•
– Single Clock Cycle per Byte Fetch
– Up to 20 MIPS Throughput at 20 MHz Clock Frequency
– Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 20 MHz
– On-chip 2-cycle Hardware Multiplier
– 128 x 8 Internal RAM
– 4-level Interrupt Priority
Nonvolatile Program Memory
– 2K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory
– Endurance: Minimum 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles
– Data Retention: Minimum 10 Years
– Serial Interface for Program Downloading
– 32-byte Fast Page Programming Mode
– 64-byte User Signature Array
– 2-level Program Memory Lock for Software Security
Peripheral Features
– Two 16-bit Enhanced Timer/Counters
– Two 8-bit PWM Outputs (AT89LP213 only)
– Enhanced UART with Automatic Address Recognition and Framing Error
Detection (AT89LP214 only)
– Enhanced Master/Slave SPI with Double-buffered Send/Receive
– Programmable Watchdog Timer with Software Reset
– Analog Comparator with Selectable Interrupt and Debouncing
– 8 General-purpose Interrupt Pins
Special Microcontroller Features
– Two-wire On-chip Debug Interface
– Brown-out Detection and Power-on Reset with Power-off Flag
– Internal RC Oscillator
– Low Power Idle and Power-down Modes
– Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode
I/O and Packages
– Up to 12 Programmable I/O Lines
– Configurable I/O with Quasi-bidirectional, Input, Push-pull Output, and
Open-drain Modes
– 5V Tolerant I/O
– 14-lead TSSOP or PDIP
Operating Conditions
– 2.4V to 5.5V VCC Voltage Range
– -40° C to 85°C Temperature Range
8-bit
Microcontroller
with 2K Bytes
Flash
AT89LP213
AT89LP214
Preliminary
1. Description
The AT89LP213/214 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller
with 2K bytes of In-System Programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured
using Atmel's high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the
industry-standard MCS-51 instruction set. The AT89LP213/214 is built around an
enhanced CPU core that can fetch a single byte from memory every clock cycle.
In the classic 8051 architecture, each fetch requires 6 clock cycles, forcing instructions to execute in 12, 24 or 48 clock cycles. In the AT89LP213/214 CPU, instructions
need only 1 to 4 clock cycles providing 6 to 12 times more throughput than the standard 8051. Seventy percent of instructions need only as many clock cycles as they
3538A–MICRO–7/06
have bytes to execute, and most of the remaining instructions require only one additional clock.
The enhanced CPU core is capable of 20 MIPS throughput whereas the classic 8051 CPU can
deliver only 4 MIPS at the same current consumption. Conversely, at the same throughput as
the classic 8051, the new CPU core runs at a much lower speed and thereby greatly reduces
power consumption.
The AT89LP213/214 provides the following standard features: 2K bytes of In-System Programmable Flash memory, 128 bytes of RAM, up to 12 I/O lines, two 16-bit timer/counters, two PWM
outputs (AT89LP213 only), a programmable watchdog timer, a full duplex serial port
(AT89LP214 only), a serial peripheral interface, an internal RC oscillator, on-chip crystal oscillator, and a four-level, six-vector interrupt system.
The two timer/counters in the AT89LP213/214 are enhanced with two new modes. Mode 0 can
be configured as a variable 9- to 16-bit timer/counter and Mode 1 can be configured as a 16-bit
auto-reload timer/counter. In addition, the timer/counters on the AT89LP213 may independently
drive a pulse width modulation output.
The I/O ports of the AT89LP213/214 can be independently configured in one of four operating
modes. In quasi-bidirectional mode, the ports operate as in the classic 8051. In input mode, the
ports are tristated. Push-pull output mode provides full CMOS drivers and open-drain mode provides just a pull-down. In addition, all 8 pins of Port 1 can be configured to generate an interrupt
using the general-purpose interrupt interface. The I/O pins of the AT89LP213/214 tolerate voltages higher than the device’s own power supply, up to 5.5V. When the device is supplied at
2.4V and all I/O ports receive 5.5V, the total back flowing current an all I/Os is less than 100 µA.
2. Pin Configuration
2.1
AT89LP213: 14-lead TSSOP/PDIP
(GPI5/MOSI) P1.5
(GPI7/SCK) P1.7
(GPI5/RST) P1.3
GND
(GPI2) P1.2
(T0) P3.4
(INT0/XTAL1) P3.2
2.2
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P1.6 (MISO/GPI6)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P1.6 (MISO/GPI6)
P1.4 (SS/GPI4)
P1.1 (AIN1/GPI1)
P1.0 (AIN0/GPI0)
VCC
P3.5 (T1)
P3.3 (XTAL2/CLKOUT/INT1)
AT89LP214: 14-lead TSSOP/PDIP
(GPI5/MOSI) P1.5
(GPI7/SCK) P1.7
(GPI5/RST) P1.3
GND
(GPI2) P1.2
(RxD) P3.0
(INT0/XTAL1) P3.2
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
P1.4 (SS/GPI4)
P1.1 (AIN1/GPI1)
P1.0 (AIN0/GPI0)
VCC
P3.1 (TxD)
P3.3 (XTAL2/CLKOUT/INT1)
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3. Pin Description
Table 3-1.
Pin
1
AT89LP213 Pin Description
Symbol
P1.5
Type
I/O
I/O
I
2
P1.7
I/O
I/O
I
Description
P1.5: User-configurable I/O Port 1 bit 5.
MOSI: SPI master-out/slave-in. When configured as master, this pin is an output. When configured as
slave, this pin is an input.
GPI5: General-purpose Interrupt input 5.
P1.7: User-configurable I/O Port 1 bit 7.
SCK: SPI Clock. When configured as master, this pin is an output. When configured as slave, this pin is
an input.
GPI7: General-purpose Interrupt input 7.
3
P1.3
I/O
I
I
I
4
GND
I
5
P1.2
I/O
I
P1.2: User-configurable I/O Port 1 bit 2.
GPI2: General-purpose Interrupt input 2.
6
P3.4
I/O
I/O
P3.4: User-configurable I/O Port 3 bit 4.
T0: Timer/Counter 0 External Input or PWM Output.
I/O
I
P3.2: User-configurable I/O Port 3 bit 2.
XTAL1: Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and internal clock generation circuits. It may be used as
a port pin if the internal RC oscillator is selected as the clock source.
DDA: Serial Data input/output for On-chip Debug Interface when OCD is enabled and the internal RC
oscillator is selected as the clock source.
7
P3.2
I/O
I/O
O
8
P3.3
O
I/O
P1.3: User-configurable I/O Port 1 bit 3 (if Reset Fuse is disabled).
RST: External Active-Low Reset input (if Reset Fuse is enabled. See “External Reset” on page 15).
GPI3: General-purpose Interrupt input 3.
DCL: Serial Clock input for On-chip Debug Interface when OCD is enabled.
Ground
P3.3: User-configurable I/O Port 3 bit 3.
XTAL2: Output from inverting oscillator amplifier. It may be used as a port pin if the internal
RC oscillator is selected as the clock source.
CLKOUT: When the internal RC oscillator is selected as the clock source, may be used to output the
internal clock divided by 2.
DDA: Serial Data input/output for On-chip Debug Interface when OCD is enabled and the external
clock is selected as the clock source.
9
P3.5
I/O
I/O
10
VDD
I
11
P1.0
I/O
I
I
P1.0: User-configurable I/O Port 1 bit 0.
AIN0: Analog Comparator Positive input.
GPI0: General-purpose Interrupt input 0.
12
P1.1
I/O
I
I
P1.1: User-configurable I/O Port 1 bit 1.
AIN1: Analog Comparator Negative input.
GPI1: General-purpose Interrupt input 1
13
P1.4
I/O
I
I
P1.4: User-configurable I/O Port 1 bit 4.
SS: SPI slave select input.
GPI4: General-purpose Interrupt input 4.
I/O
I/O
P1.6: User-configurable I/O Port 1 bit 6.
MISO: SPI master-in/slave-out. When configured as master, this pin is an input. When configured
as slave, this pin is an output.
GPI6: General-purpose Interrupt input 6.
14
P1.6
I
P3.5: User-configurable I/O Port 3 bit 5.
T1: Timer/Counter 1 External input or PWM output.
Supply Voltage
3
3538A–MICRO–7/06
Table 3-2.
Pin
1
AT89LP214 Pin Description
Symbol
P1.5
Type
I/O
I/O
I
2
P1.7
I/O
I/O
I
P1.5: User-configurable I/O Port 1 bit 5.
MOSI: SPI master-out/slave-in. When configured as master, this pin is an output. When configured as
slave, this pin is an input.
GPI5: General-purpose Interrupt input 5.
P1.7: User-configurable I/O Port 1 bit 7.
SCK: SPI Clock. When configured as master, this pin is an output. When configured as slave, this pin is
an input.
GPI7: General-purpose Interrupt input 7.
3
P1.3
I/O
I
I
I
4
GND
I
5
P1.2
I/O
I
P1.2: User-configurable I/O Port 1 bit 2.
GPI2: General-purpose Interrupt input 2.
6
P3.0
I/O
I
P3.0: User-configurable I/O Port 3 bit 0.
RXD: Serial Port Receiver input.
I/O
I
P3.2: User-configurable I/O Port 3 bit 2.
XTAL1: Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and internal clock generation circuits. It may be used as
a port pin if the internal RC oscillator is selected as the clock source.
DDA: Serial Data input/output for On-chip Debug Interface when OCD is enabled and the internal RC
oscillator is selected as the clock source.
7
P3.2
I/O
I/O
O
8
P3.3
O
I/O
P1.3: User-configurable I/O Port 1 bit 3 (if Reset Fuse is disabled).
RST: External Active-Low Reset input (if Reset Fuse is enabled. See “External Reset” on page 15).
GPI3: General-purpose Interrupt input 3.
DCL: Serial Clock input for On-chip Debug Interface.
Ground
P3.3: User-configurable I/O Port 3 bit 3.
XTAL2: Output from inverting oscillator amplifier. It may be used as a port pin if the internal
RC oscillator is selected as the clock source.
CLKOUT: When the internal RC oscillator is selected as the clock source, may be used to output the
internal clock divided by 2.
DDA: Serial Data input/output for On-chip Debug Interface when OCD is enabled and the external clock
is selected as the clock source.\
9
P3.1
I/O
O
10
VDD
I
11
P1.0
I/O
I
I
P1.0: User-configurable I/O Port 1 bit 0.
AIN0: Analog Comparator Positive input.
GPI0: General-purpose Interrupt input 0.
12
P1.1
I/O
I
I
P1.1: User-configurable I/O Port 1 bit 1.
AIN1: Analog Comparator Negative input.
GPI1: General-purpose Interrupt input 1
13
P1.4
I/O
I
I
P1.4: User-configurable I/O Port 1 bit 4.
SS: SPI slave select input.
GPI4: General-purpose Interrupt input 4.
I/O
I/O
P1.6: User-configurable I/O Port 1 bit 6.
MISO: SPI master-in/slave-out. When configured as master, this pin is an input. When configured
as slave, this pin is an output.
GPI6: General-purpose Interrupt input 6.
14
P1.6
I
4
Description
P3.1: User-configurable I/O Port 3 bit 1.
TXD: Serial Port Transmitter output.
Supply Voltage
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
4. Block Diagram
Figure 4-1.
AT89LP213 Block Diagram
Single Cycle
8051 CPU
SPI
2KB Flash
Timer 0
Timer 1
128 Bytes
RAM
Analog
Comparator
Port 3
Configurable I/O
Watchdog
Timer
Port 1
Configurable I/O
On-Chip
RC Oscillator
CPU Clock
General-purpose
Interrupt
Figure 4-2.
Configurable
Oscillator
Crystal or
Resonator
AT89LP214 Block Diagram
Single Cycle
8051 CPU
UART
2KB Flash
SPI
128 Bytes
RAM
Timer 0
Timer 1
Port 3
Configurable I/O
Analog
Comparator
Port 1
Configurable I/O
Watchdog
Timer
On-Chip
RC Oscillator
General-purpose
Interrupt
CPU Clock
Configurable
Oscillator
Crystal or
Resonator
5
3538A–MICRO–7/06
5. Comparison to Standard 8051
The AT89LP213/214 is part of a family of devices with enhanced features that are fully binary
compatible with the MCS-51 instruction set. In addition, most SFR addresses, bit assignments,
and pin alternate functions are identical to Atmel's existing standard 8051 products. However,
due to the high performance nature of the device, some system behaviors are different from
those of Atmel's standard 8051 products such as AT89S52 or AT89S2051. The differences from
the standard 8051 are outlined in the following paragraphs.
5.1
System Clock
The CPU clock frequency equals the external XTAL1 frequency. The oscillator is no longer
divided by 2 to provide the internal clock, and x2 mode is not supported.
5.2
Instruction Execution with Single-cycle Fetch
The CPU fetches one code byte from memory every clock cycle instead of every six clock
cycles. This greatly increases the throughput of the CPU. As a consequence, the CPU no longer
executes instructions in 12 to 48 clock cycles. Each instruction executes in only 1 to 4 clock
cycles. See “Instruction Set Summary” on page 59 for more details.
5.3
Interrupt Handling
The interrupt controller polls the interrupt flags during the last clock cycle of any instruction. In
order for an interrupt to be serviced at the end of an instruction, its flag needs to have been
latched as active during the next to last clock cycle of the instruction, or in the last clock cycle of
the previous instruction if the current instruction executes in only a single clock cycle.
The external interrupt pins, INT0 and INT1, are sampled at every clock cycle instead of once
every 12 clock cycles. Coupled with the shorter instruction timing and faster interrupt response,
this leads to a higher maximum rate of incidence for the external interrupts.
5.4
Timer/Counters
By default the Timer/Counters is incremented at a rate of once per clock cycle. This compares to
once every 12 clocks in the standard 8051. A common prescaler is available to divide the time
base for all timers and reduce the increment rate. The TPS bits in the CLKREG SFR control the
prescaler (Table 9-2 on page 13). Setting TPS = 1011B will cause the timers to count once every
12 clocks.
The external Timer/Counter pins, T0 and T1, are sampled at every clock cycle instead of once
every 12 clock cycles. This increases the maximum rate at which the Counter modules may
function.
5.5
Serial Port
The baud rate of the UART in Mode 0 is 1/2 the clock frequency, compared to 1/12 the clock frequency in the standard 8051; and output data is only stable around the rising edge of the serial
clock. In should also be noted that when using Timer 1 to generate the baud rate in Mode 1 or
Mode 3, the timer counts at the clock frequency and not at 1/12 the clock frequency. To maintain
the same baud rate in the AT89LP214 while running at the same frequency as a standard 8051,
the time-out period must be 12 times longer. Mode 1 of Timer 1 supports 16-bit auto-reload to
facilitate longer time-out periods for generating low baud rates.
6
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
5.6
Watchdog Timer
The Watchdog Timer in AT89LP213/214 counts at a rate of once per clock cycle. This compares
to once every 12 clocks in the standard 8051. A common prescaler is available to divide the time
base for all timers and reduce the counting rate.
5.7
I/O Ports
The I/O ports of the AT89LP213/214 may be configured in four different modes. By default all
the I/O ports revert to input-only (tristated) mode at power-up or reset. In the standard 8051, all
ports are weakly pulled high during power-up or reset. To enable 8051-like ports, the ports must
be put into quasi-bidirectional mode by clearing the P1M0 and P3M0 SFRs. The user can also
configure the ports to start in quasi-bidirectional mode by disabling the Tristate-Port User Fuse.
When this fuse is disabled, P1M0 and P3M0 will reset to 00h instead of FFh and the ports will be
weakly pulled high.
5.8
Reset
The RST pin of the AT89LP213/214 is active-low as compared with the active high reset in the
standard 8051. In addition, the RST pin is sampled every clock cycle and must be held low for a
minimum of two clock cycles, instead of 24 clock cycles, to be recognized as a valid reset.
6. Memory Organization
The AT89LP213/214 uses a Harvard Architecture with separate address spaces for program
and data memory. The program memory has a regular linear address space with support for up
to 64K bytes of directly addressable application code. The data memory has 128 bytes of internal RAM and 128 bytes of Special Function Register I/O space. The AT89LP213/214 does not
support external data memory or external program memory.
6.1
Program Memory
The AT89LP213/214 contains 2K bytes of on-chip In-System Programmable Flash memory for
program storage. The Flash memory has an endurance of at least 10,000 write/erase cycles and
a minimum data retention time of 10 years. The reset and interrupt vectors are located within the
first 59 bytes of program memory (refer to Table 12-1 on page 19). Constant tables can be allocated within the entire 2K program memory address space for access by the MOVC instruction.
The AT89LP213/214 does not support external program memory.
Figure 6-1.
Program Memory Map
007F
User Signature Array
0040
001F
Atmel Signature Array
0000
07FF
Program Memory
0000
7
3538A–MICRO–7/06
A map of the AT89LP213/214 program memory is shown in Figure 6-1. In addition to the 2K
code space from 0000h to 07FFh, the AT89LP213/214 also supports a 64-byte User Signature
Array and a 32-byte Atmel Signature Array that are accessible by the CPU in a read-only fashion. In order to read from the signature arrays, the SIGEN bit in AUXR1 must be set. While
SIGEN is one, MOVC A,@A+DPTR will access the signature arrays. The User Signature Array
is mapped to addresses 0040h to 007Fh and the Atmel Signature Array is mapped to addresses
0000h to 001Fh. SIGEN must be cleared before using MOVC to access the code memory.
The Atmel Signature Array is initialized with the Device ID in the factory. The User Signature
Array is available for user identification codes or constant parameter data. Data stored in the signature array is not secure. Security bits will disable writes to the array; however, reads are
always allowed.
Table 6-1.
AUXR1 – Auxiliary Register 1
AUXR1 = A2H
Reset Value = XXXX 0XXXB
Not Bit Addressable
Bit
6.2
–
–
–
–
SIGEN
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Data Memory
The AT89LP213/214 contains 128 bytes of general SRAM data memory plus 128 bytes of I/O
memory mapped into a single 8-bit address space. The 128 bytes of data memory may be
accessed through both direct and indirect addressing of the lower 128 byte addresses. The 128
bytes of I/O memory reside in the upper 128 byte address space (Figure 6-2). The I/O memory
can only be accessed through direct addressing and contains the Special Function Registers
(SFRs). Indirect accesses to the upper 128 byte addresses will return invalid data. The lowest
32 bytes of data memory are grouped into 4 banks of 8 registers each. The RS0 and RS1 bits
(PSW.3 and PSW.4) select which register bank is in use. Instructions using register addressing
will only access the currently specified bank. The AT89LP213/214 does not support external
data memory.
Figure 6-2.
Data Memory Map
FFH
Accessible
By Direct
Addressing
Only
UPPER
128
Special Function
Registers
80H
7F H
Accessible
By Direct
and Indirect
Addressing
Only
LO WER
128
Ports
Status and Control Bits
Timers
Registers
Stack Pointer
Accumulator
(Etc.)
0
8
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
7. Special Function Registers
A map of the on-chip memory area called the Special Function Register (SFR) space is shown in
Table 7-1.
Note that not all of the addresses are occupied, and unoccupied addresses may not be implemented on the chip. Read accesses to these addresses will in general return random data, and
write accesses will have an indeterminate effect. User software should not write to these unlisted
locations, since they may be used in future products to invoke new features.
Table 7-1.
AT89LP213/214 SFR Map and Reset Values
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
0F8H
0FFH
0F0H
B
0000 0000
0E8H
SPSR
000x x000
0E0H
ACC
0000 0000
0F7H
SPCR
0000 0000
SPDR
xxxx xxxx
0EFH
0E7H
0D8H
0D0H
0DFH
PSW
0000 0000
0D7H
0C8H
0CFH
P1M0(2)
0C0H
0B8H
IP
x000 0000
0B0H
P3
xx11 1111
0A8H
IE
0000 0000
P1M1
xx00 0000
P3M0(2)
P3M1
xx00 0000
SADEN
0000 0000
0BFH
IPH
x000 0000
SADDR
0000 0000
0A0H
0C7H
0B7H
0AFH
AUXR1
xxxx 0xxx
WDTRST
(write-only)
WDTCON
0000 x000
0A7H
98H
SCON
0000 0000
SBUF
xxxx xxxx
GPMOD
0000 0000
GPLS
0000 0000
GPIEN
0000 0000
GPIF
0000 0000
90H
P1
1111 1111
TCONB
0010 0100
RL0
0000 0000
RL1
0000 0000
RH0
0000 0000
RH1
0000 0000
ACSR
xx00 0000
97H
88H
TCON
0000 0000
TMOD
0000 0000
TL0
0000 0000
TL1
0000 0000
TH0
0000 0000
TH1
0000 0000
CLKREG
0000 x000
8FH
SP
0000 0111
DPL
0000 0000
DPH
0000 0000
PCON
0000 0000
87H
1
2
3
80H
0
Notes:
4
5
9FH
6
7
1. All SFRs in the left-most column are bit-addressable.
2. Reset value is xx11 1111B when Tristate-Port Fuse is enabled and xx00 0000B when disabled.
9
3538A–MICRO–7/06
8. Enhanced CPU
The AT89LP213/214 uses an enhanced 8051 CPU that runs at 6 to 12 times the speed of standard 8051 devices (or 3 to 6 times the speed of X2 8051 devices). The increase in performance
is due to two factors. First, the CPU fetches one instruction byte from the code memory every
clock cycle. Second, the CPU uses a simple two-stage pipeline to fetch and execute instructions
in parallel. This basic pipelining concept allows the CPU to obtain up to 1 MIPS per MHz. A simple example is shown in Figure 8-1.
The MCS-51 instruction set allows for instructions of variable length from 1 to 3 bytes. In a single-clock-per-byte-fetch system this means each instruction takes at least as many clocks as it
has bytes to execute. The majority of instructions in the AT89LP213/214 follow this rule: the
instruction execution time in clock cycles equals the number of bytes per instruction with a
few exceptions. Branches and Calls require an additional cycle to compute the target address
and some other complex instructions require multiple cycles. See “Instruction Set Summary” on
page 59 for more detailed information on individual instructions. Figures 8-2 and 8-3 show
examples of 1- and 2-byte instructions.
Figure 8-1.
Parallel Instruction Fetches and Executions
Tn
Tn+1
Fetch
Execute
Tn+2
System Clock
nth Instruction
(n+1)th Instruction
Fetch
(n+2)th Instruction
Figure 8-2.
Execute
Fetch
Single-cycle ALU Operation (Example: INC R0)
T1
T2
T3
System Clock
Total Execution Time
Register Operand Fetch
ALU Operation Execute
Result Write Back
Fetch Next Instruction
10
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
Figure 8-3.
Two-cycle ALU Operation (Example: ADD A, #data)
T1
T2
T3
System Clock
Total Execution Time
Fetch Immediate Operand
ALU Operation Execute
Result Write Back
Fetch Next Instruction
8.1
Restrictions on Certain Instructions
The AT89LP213/214 is an economical and cost-effective member of Atmel's growing family of
microcontrollers. It contains 2K bytes of Flash program memory. It is fully compatible with the
MCS-51 architecture, and can be programmed using the MCS-51 instruction set. However,
there are a few considerations one must keep in mind when utilizing certain instructions to program this device. All the instructions related to jumping or branching should be restricted such
that the destination address falls within the physical program memory space of the device, which
is 2K for the AT89LP213/214. This should be the responsibility of the software programmer. For
example, LJMP 7E0H would be a valid instruction, whereas LJMP 900H would not.
8.1.1
Branching Instructions
The LCALL, LJMP, ACALL, AJMP, SJMP, and JMP @A+DPTR unconditional branching instructions will execute correctly as long as the programmer keeps in mind that the destination
branching address must fall within the physical boundaries of the program memory size (locations 000H to 7FFH for the AT89LP213/214). Violating the physical space limits may cause
unknown program behavior. With the CJNE [...], DJNZ [...], JB, JNB, JC, JNC, JBC, JZ, and JNZ
conditional branching instructions, the same previous rule applies. Again, violating the memory
boundaries may cause erratic execution. For applications involving interrupts the normal interrupt service routine address locations of the 8051 family architecture have been preserved.
8.1.2
MOVX-related Instructions, Data Memory
The AT89LP213/214 contains 128 bytes of internal data memory. RAM accesses to addresses
above 7FH will return invalid data. Furthermore, the stack depth is limited to 128 bytes, the
amount of available RAM. The Stack Pointer should not be allowed to point to locations above
7FH. External DATA memory access is not supported in this device, nor is external PROGRAM
memory execution. Therefore, no MOVX [...] instructions should be included in the program.
A typical 8051 assembler will still assemble instructions, even if they are written in violation of
the restrictions mentioned above. It is the responsibility of the user to know the physical features
and limitations of the device being used and to adjust the instructions used accordingly.
11
3538A–MICRO–7/06
9. System Clock
The system clock is generated directly from one of three selectable clock sources. The three
sources are the on-chip crystal oscillator, external clock source, and internal RC oscillator. The
clock source is selected by the Clock Source User Fuses as shown in Table 9-1. No internal
clock division is used to generate the CPU clock from the system clock. See “User Configuration
Fuses” on page 71.
Table 9-1.
9.1
Clock Source Settings
Clock Source
Fuse 1
Clock Source
Fuse 0
0
0
Crystal Oscillator
0
1
Reserved
1
0
External Clock on XTAL1
1
1
Internal 8 MHz RC Oscillator
Selected Clock Source
Crystal Oscillator
When enabled, the internal inverting oscillator amplifier is connected between XTAL1 and
XTAL2 for connection to an external quartz crystal or ceramic resonator. When using the crystal
oscillator, P3.2 and P3.3 will have their inputs and outputs disabled. When using the crystal
oscillator, XTAL2 should not be used to drive a board-level clock without a buffer.
9.2
External Clock Source
The external clock option disables the oscillator amplifier and allows XTAL1 to be driven directly
by the clock source. XTAL2 may be left unconnected, used as P3.3 I/O, or configured to output
a divided version of the system clock.
9.3
Internal RC Oscillator
The AT89LP213/214 has an internal RC oscillator tuned to 8.0 MHz ±2.5%. When enabled as
the clock source, XTAL1 and XTAL2 may be used as P3.2 and P3.3 respectively. XTAL2 may
also be configured to output a divided version of the system clock. The frequency of the oscillator may be adjusted by changing the RC Adjust Fuses. (See “User Configuration Fuses” on
page 71).
9.4
System Clock Out
When the AT89LP213/214 is configured to use either an external clock or the internal RC oscillator, a divided version of the system clock may be output on XTAL2 (P3.3). The Clock Out
feature is enabled by setting the COE bit in CLKREG. The two CDV bits determine the clock
divide ratio. For example, setting COE = “1” and CDIV = “00” when using the internal oscillator
will result in a 3.950 MHz (±5%) clock output on P3.3. P3.3 must be configured as an output in
order to use the clock out feature.
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Table 9-2.
CLKREG – Clock Control Register
CLKREG = 8FH
Reset Value = 0000 0000B
Not Bit Addressable
Bit
Symbol
TPS3
TPS2
TPS1
TPS0
TPS3
TPS2
TPS1
TPS0
–
CDV1
CDV0
COE
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Function
Timer Prescaler. The Timer Prescaler selects the time base for Timer 0, Timer 1 and the Watchdog Timer. The prescaler
is implemented as a 4-bit binary down counter. When the counter reaches zero it is reloaded with the value stored in the
TPS bits to give a division ratio between 1 and 16. By default the timers will count every clock cycles (TPS = 0000B). To
configure the timers to count at a standard 8051 rate of once every 12 clock cycles, TPS should be set to 1011B.
Clock Out Division. Determines the frequency of the clock output relative to the system clock.
CDV1
CDV0
COE
CDIV1
CDIV0
Clock Out Frequency
0
0
f/2
0
1
f/4
1
0
f/8
1
1
f/16
Clock Out Enable. Set COE to output a divided version of the system clock on XTAL2 (P3.3). The internal RC oscillator
or external clock source must be selected in order to use this feature.
10. Reset
During reset, all I/O Registers are set to their initial values, the port pins are tristated, and the
program starts execution from the Reset Vector, 0000H. The AT89LP213/214 has five sources
of reset: power-on reset, brown-out reset, external reset, watchdog reset, and software reset.
10.1
Power-on Reset
A Power-on Reset (POR) is generated by an on-chip detection circuit. The detection level is
nominally 1.4V. The POR is activated whenever VCC is below the detection level. The POR circuit can be used to trigger the start-up reset or to detect a supply voltage failure in devices
without a brown-out detector. The POR circuit ensures that the device is reset from power-on. A
power-on sequence is shown in Figure 10-1 on page 14. When VCC reaches the Power-on
Reset threshold voltage VPOR, an initialization sequence lasting tPOR is started. When the initialization sequence completes, the start-up timer determines how long the device is kept in POR
after VCC rise. The POR signal is activated again, without any delay, when VCC falls below the
POR threshold level. A Power-on Reset (i.e. a cold reset) will set the POF flag in PCON. The
internally generated reset can be extended beyond the power-on period by holding the RST pin
low longer than the time-out.
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Figure 10-1. Power-on Reset Sequence (BOD Disabled)
VPOR
VCC
VPOR
tPOR + tSUT
TIME-OUT
RST
(RST Tied to VCC)
INTERNAL
RESET
RST
VRH
(RST Controlled Externally)
INTERNAL
RESET
tRHD
If the Brown-out Detector (BOD) is also enabled, the start-up timer does not begin counting until
after VCC reaches the BOD threshold voltage VBOD as shown in Figure 10-2. However, if this
event occurs prior to the end of the initialization sequence, the timer must first wait for that
sequence to complete before counting.
Figure 10-2. Power-on Reset Sequence (BOD Enabled)
VBOD
VCC
TIME-OUT
VPOR
tPOR
tSUT
RST
(RST Tied to VCC)
INTERNAL
RESET
RST
(RST Controlled Externally)
INTERNAL
RESET
Note:
VRH
tRHD
tPOR is approximately 92 µs ± 5%.
The start-up timer delay is user configurable with the Start-up Time User Fuses and depends on
the clock source (Table 10-1). The start-up delay should be selected to provide enough settling
time for VCC and the selected clock source. The Start-Up Time fuses also control the length of
the start-up time after a Brown-out Reset or when waking up from Power-down during internally
timed mode.
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Table 10-1.
Start-up Timer Settings
SUT Fuse 1
SUT Fuse 0
0
0
0
tSUT (± 5%)
Internal RC/External Clock
16 µs
Crystal Oscillator
1024 µs
Internal RC/External Clock
512 µs
Crystal Oscillator
2048 µs
Internal RC/External Clock
1024 µs
Crystal Oscillator
4096 µs
Internal RC/External Clock
4096 µs
Crystal Oscillator
16384 µs
1
1
0
1
10.2
Clock Source
1
Brown-out Reset
The AT89LP213/214 has an on-chip Brown-out Detection (BOD) circuit for monitoring the VCC
level during operation by comparing it to a fixed trigger level. The trigger level for the BOD is
nominally 2.2V. The purpose of the BOD is to ensure that if VCC fails or dips while executing at
speed, the system will gracefully enter reset without the possibility of errors induced by incorrect
execution. A BOD sequence is shown in Figure 10-3. When VCC decreases to a value below the
trigger level VBOD, the internal reset is immediately activated. When VCC increases above the
trigger level, the start-up timer releases the internal reset after the specified time-out period has
expired (Table 10-1). The Brown-out Detector must be enabled by setting the BOD Enable Fuse.
(See “User Configuration Fuses” on page 71).
Figure 10-3. Brown-out Detector Reset
VCC
TIME-OUT
VPOR
VBOD
tSUT
INTERNAL
RESET
10.3
External Reset
The P1.3/RST pin can function as either an active-LOW reset input or as a digital general purpose I/O, P1.3. The Reset Pin Enable Fuse, when set to “1”, enables the external reset input
function on P1.3. (See “User Configuration Fuses” on page 71). When cleared, P1.3 may be
used as an input or output pin. When configured as a reset input, the pin must be held low for at
least two clock cycles to trigger the internal reset.
Note:
During a power-up sequence, the fuse selection is always overridden and therefore the pin will
always function as a reset input. An external circuit connected to this pin should not hold this
pin LOW during a power-on sequence as this will keep the device in reset until the pin transitions high. After the power-up delay, this input will function either as an external reset input or
as a digital input as defined by the fuse bit. Only a power-up reset will temporarily override the
selection defined by the reset fuse bit. Other sources of reset will not override the reset fuse bit.
P1.3/RST also serves as the In-System Programming (ISP) enable. ISP is enabled when the
external reset pin is held low. When the reset pin is disabled by the fuse, ISP may only be entered
by pulling P1.3 low during power-up.
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10.4
Watchdog Reset
When the Watchdog times out, it will generate an internal reset pulse lasting 16 clock cycles.
Watchdog reset will also set the WDTOVF flag in WDTCON. To prevent a Watchdog reset, the
watchdog reset sequence 1EH/E1H must be written to WDTRST before the Watchdog times
out. See “Programmable Watchdog Timer” on page 57 for details on the operation of the
Watchdog.
10.5
Software Reset
The CPU may generate an internal 16-clock cycle reset pulse by writing the software reset
sequence 5AH/A5H to the WDRST register. A software reset will set the SWRST bit in WDTCON. See “Software Reset” on page 58 for more information on software reset.
11. Power Saving Modes
The AT89LP213/214 supports two different power-reducing modes: Idle and Power-down.
These modes are accessed through the PCON register.
11.1
Idle Mode
Setting the IDL bit in PCON enters idle mode. Idle mode halts the internal CPU clock. The CPU
state is preserved in its entirety, including the RAM, stack pointer, program counter, program
status word, and accumulator. The Port pins hold the logic states they had at the time that Idle
was activated. Idle mode leaves the peripherals running in order to allow them to wake up the
CPU when an interrupt is generated. The timers, UART, SPI, and GPI blocks continue to function during Idle. The comparator and watchdog may be selectively enabled or disabled during
Idle. Any enabled interrupt source or reset may terminate Idle mode. When exiting Idle mode
with an interrupt, the interrupt will immediately be serviced, and following RETI the next instruction to be executed will be the one following the instruction that put the device into Idle.
11.2
Power-down Mode
Setting the Power-down (PD) bit in PCON enters Power-down mode. Power-down mode stops
the oscillator and powers down the Flash memory in order to minimize power consumption. Only
the power-on circuitry will continue to draw power during Power-down. During Power-down, the
power supply voltage may be reduced to the RAM keep-alive voltage. The RAM contents will be
retained, but the SFR contents are not guaranteed once VCC has been reduced. Power-down
may be exited by external reset, power-on reset, or certain interrupts.
11.2.1
Interrupt Recovery from Power-down
Three external interrupts may be configured to terminate Power-down mode. XTAL1 or XTAL2,
when not used for the crystal oscillator or external clock, may be used to exit Power-down
through external interrupts INT0 (P3.2) and INT1 (P3.3). To wake up by external interrupt INT0
or INT1, that interrupt must be enabled and configured for level-sensitive operation. General
purpose interrupt 3 (GPI3) can also wake up the device when the RST pin is disabled. GPI3
must be enabled and configured for low level detection in order to terminate Power-down.
When terminating Power-down by an interrupt, two different wake-up modes are available.
When PWDEX in PCON is zero, the wake-up period is internally timed as shown in Figure 11-1.
At the falling edge on the interrupt pin, Power-down is exited, the oscillator is restarted, and an
internal timer begins counting. The internal clock will not be allowed to propagate to the CPU
until after the timer has timed out. After the time-out period the interrupt service routine will
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AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
begin. The time-out period is controlled by the Start-up Timer Fuses (see Table 10-1 on page
15). The interrupt pin need not remain low for the entire time-out period.
Figure 11-1. Interrupt Recovery from Power-down (PWDEX = 0)
PWD
XTAL1
tSUT
INT1
INTERNAL
CLOCK
When PWDEX = “1”, the wake-up period is controlled externally by the interrupt. Again, at the
falling edge on the interrupt pin, power-down is exited and the oscillator is restarted. However,
the internal clock will not propagate until the rising edge of the interrupt pin as shown in Figure
11-2. The interrupt pin should be held low long enough for the selected clock source to stabilize.
After the rising edge on the pin the interrupt service routine will be executed.
Figure 11-2. Interrupt Recovery from Power-down (PWDEX = 1)
PWD
XTAL1
INT1
INTERNAL
CLOCK
11.2.2
Reset Recovery from Power-down
The wake-up from Power-down through an external reset is similar to the interrupt with
PWDEX = “0”. At the falling edge of RST, Power-down is exited, the oscillator is restarted, and
an internal timer begins counting as shown in Figure 11-3. The internal clock will not be allowed
to propagate to the CPU until after the timer has timed out. The time-out period is controlled by
the Start-up Timer Fuses. (See Table 10-1 on page 15). If RST returns high before the time-out,
a two clock cycle internal reset is generated when the internal clock restarts. Otherwise the
device will remain in reset until RST is brought high.
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Figure 11-3. Reset Recovery from Power-down.
PWD
XTAL1
tSUT
RST
INTERNAL
CLOCK
INTERNAL
RESET
Table 11-1.
PCON – Power Control Register
PCON = 87H
Reset Value = 000X 0000B
Not Bit Addressable
Bit
SMOD1
SMOD0
PWDEX
POF
GF1
GF0
PD
IDL
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Symbol
Function
SMOD1
Double Baud Rate bit. Doubles the baud rate of the UART in Modes 1, 2, or 3.
SMOD0
Frame Error Select. When SMOD0 = 1, SCON.7 is SM0. When SMOD0 = 1, SCON.7 is FE. Note that FE will be set after
a frame error regardless of the state of SMOD0.
PWDEX
Power-down Exit Mode. When PWDEX = 1, wake up from Power-down is externally controlled. When PWDEX = 1, wake
up from Power-down is internally timed.
POF
Power Off Flag. POF is set to “1” during power up (i.e. cold reset). It can be set or reset under software control and is not
affected by RST or BOD (i.e. warm resets).
GF1, GF0
General-purpose Flags
PD
Power-down bit. Setting this bit activates power-down operation.
IDL
Idle Mode bit. Setting this bit activates Idle mode operation
12. Interrupts
The AT89LP213/214 provides 7 interrupt sources: two external interrupts, two timer interrupts, a
serial port interrupt, a general-purpose interrupt, and an analog comparator interrupt. These
interrupts and the system reset each have a separate program vector at the start of the program
memory space. Each interrupt source can be individually enabled or disabled by setting or clearing a bit in the interrupt enable register IE. The IE register also contains a global disable bit, EA,
which disables all interrupts.
Each interrupt source (except the analog comparator) can be individually programmed to one of
four priority levels by setting or clearing bits in the interrupt priority registers IP and IPH. The
analog comparator is fixed at the lowest priority level. An interrupt service routine in progress
can be interrupted by a higher priority interrupt, but not by another interrupt of the same or lower
priority. The highest priority interrupt cannot be interrupted by any other interrupt source. If two
requests of different priority levels are pending at the end of an instruction, the request of higher
priority level is serviced. If requests of the same priority level are pending at the end of an
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AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
instruction, an internal polling sequence determines which request is serviced. The polling
sequence is based on the vector address; an interrupt with a lower vector address has higher
priority than an interrupt with a higher vector address. Note that the polling sequence is only
used to resolve pending requests of the same priority level.
The External Interrupts INT0 and INT1 can each be either level-activated or edge-activated,
depending on bits IT0 and IT1 in Register TCON. The flags that actually generate these interrupts are the IE0 and IE1 bits in TCON. When the service routine is vectored to, hardware clears
the flag that generated an external interrupt only if the interrupt was edge-activated. If the interrupt was level activated, then the external requesting source (rather than the on-chip hardware)
controls the request flag.
The Timer 0 and Timer 1 Interrupts are generated by TF0 and TF1, which are set by a rollover in
their respective Timer/Counter registers (except for Timer 0 in Mode 3). When a timer interrupt is
generated, the on-chip hardware clears the flag that generated it when the service routine is
vectored to.
The Serial Port Interrupt is generated by the logic OR of RI and TI in SCON plus SPIF in SPSR.
None of these flags is cleared by hardware when the service routine is vectored to. In fact, the
service routine normally must determine whether RI, TI, or SPIF generated the interrupt, and the
bit must be cleared by software.
A logic OR of all eight flags in the GPIF register causes the general-purpose interrupt. None of
these flags is cleared by hardware when the service routine is vectored to. The service routine
must determine which bit generated the interrupt, and the bit must be cleared in software. If the
interrupt was level activated, then the external requesting source must de-assert the interrupt
before the flag may be cleared by software.
The CF bit in ACSR generates the Comparator Interrupt. The flag is not cleared by hardware
when the service routine is vectored to and must be cleared by software.
Most of the bits that generate interrupts can be set or cleared by software, with the same result
as though they had been set or cleared by hardware. That is, interrupts can be generated and
pending interrupts can be canceled in software. The two exceptions are the SPI interrupt flag
SPIF and the general-purpose interrupt flags in GPIF. These flags are only set by hardware and
may only be cleared by software.
Table 12-1.
Interrupt Vector Addresses
Interrupt
Source
Vector Address
System Reset
RST or POR or BOD
0000H
External Interrupt 0
IE0
0003H
Timer 0 Overflow
TF0
000BH
External Interrupt 1
IE1
0013H
Timer 1 Overflow
TF1
001BH
Serial Port
RI or TI or SPIF
0023H
General-purpose Interrupt
GPIF
002BH
Analog Comparator
CF
0033H
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3538A–MICRO–7/06
12.1
Interrupt Response Time
The interrupt flags may be set by their hardware in any clock cycle. The interrupt controller polls
the flags in the last clock cycle of the instruction in progress. If one of the flags was set in the
preceding cycle, the polling cycle will find it and the interrupt system will generate an LCALL to
the appropriate service routine as the next instruction, provided that the interrupt is not blocked
by any of the following conditions: an interrupt of equal or higher priority level is already in
progress; the instruction in progress is RETI or any write to the IE, IP, or IPH registers. Either of
these conditions will block the generation of the LCALL to the interrupt service routine. The second condition ensures that if the instruction in progress is RETI or any access to IE, IP or IPH,
then at least one more instruction will be executed before any interrupt is vectored to. The polling cycle is repeated at the last cycle of each instruction, and the values polled are the values
that were present at the previous clock cycle. If an active interrupt flag is not being serviced
because of one of the above conditions and is no longer active when the blocking condition is
removed, the denied interrupt will not be serviced. In other words, the fact that the interrupt flag
was once active but not serviced is not remembered. Every polling cycle is new.
If a request is active and conditions are met for it to be acknowledged, a hardware subroutine
call to the requested service routine will be the next instruction executed. The call itself takes
four cycles. Thus, a minimum of five complete clock cycles elapsed between activation of an
interrupt request and the beginning of execution of the first instruction of the service routine. A
longer response time results if the request is blocked by one of the previously listed conditions. If
an interrupt of equal or higher priority level is already in progress, the additional wait time
depends on the nature of the other interrupt's service routine. If the instruction in progress is not
in its final clock cycle, the additional wait time cannot be more than 3 cycles, since the longest
are only 4 cycles long. If the instruction in progress is RETI or an access to IE or IP, the additional wait time cannot be more than 7 cycles (a maximum of three more cycles to complete the
instruction in progress, plus a maximum of 4 cycles to complete the next instruction). Thus, in a
single-interrupt system, the response time is always more than 5 clock cycles and less than 13
clock cycles. See Figure 12-1 and Figure 12-2.
Figure 12-1. Minimum Interrupt Response Time
Clock Cycles
1
5
INT0
IE0
Instruction
Ack.
Cur. Instr.
LCALL
1st ISR Instr.
Figure 12-2. Maximum Interrupt Response Time
Clock Cycles
1
13
INT0
Ack.
IE0
Instruction
20
RETI
4 Cyc. Instr.
LCALL
1st ISR In
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
Table 12-2.
IE – Interrupt Enable Register
IE = A8H
Reset Value = 0000 0000B
Bit Addressable
Bit
EA
EC
EGP
ES
ET1
EX1
ET0
EX0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Symbol
Function
EA
Global enable/disable. All interrupts are disabled when EA = 0. When EA = 1, each interrupt source is enabled/disabled
by setting /clearing its own enable bit.
EC
Comparator Interrupt Enable
EGP
General-purpose Interrupt Enable
ES
Serial Port Interrupt Enable
ET1
Timer 1 Interrupt Enable
EX1
External Interrupt 1 Enable
ET0
Timer 0 Interrupt Enable
EX0
External Interrupt 0 Enable
.
Table 12-3.
IP – Interrupt Priority Register
IP = B8H
Reset Value = X000 0000B
Bit Addressable
Bit
–
–
PGP
PS
PT1
PX1
PT0
PX0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Symbol
Function
PGP
General-purpose Interrupt Priority Low
PS
Serial Port Interrupt Priority Low
PT1
Timer 1 Interrupt Priority Low
PX1
External Interrupt 1 Priority Low
PT0
Timer 0 Interrupt Priority Low
PX0
External Interrupt 0 Priority Low
21
3538A–MICRO–7/06
Table 12-4.
IPH – Interrupt Priority High Register
IPH = B7H
Reset Value = X000 0000B
Not Bit Addressable
Bit
–
–
PGH
PSH
PT1H
PX1H
PT0H
PX0H
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Symbol
Function
PGH
General-purpose Interrupt Priority High
PSH
Serial Port Interrupt Priority High
PT1H
Timer 1 Interrupt Priority High
PX1H
External Interrupt 1 Priority High
PT0H
Timer 0 Interrupt Priority High
PX0H
External Interrupt 0 Priority High
13. I/O Ports
The AT89LP213/214 can be configured for between 9 and 12 I/O pins. The exact number of I/O
pins available depends on the clock and reset options as shown in Table 13-1. All port pins are
5V tolerant, that is they can be pulled up or driven to 5.5V even when operating at a lower VCC
such as 3V.
Table 13-1.
I/O Pin Configurations
Clock Source
Reset Option
Number of I/O Pins
External RST Pin
9
No external reset
10
External RST Pin
10
No external reset
11
External RST Pin
11
No external reset
12
External Crystal or Resonator
External Clock
Internal RC Oscillator
13.1
Port Configuration
All port pins on the AT89LP213/214 may be configured to one of four modes: quasi-bidirectional
(standard 8051 port outputs), push-pull output, open-drain output, or input-only. Port modes may
be assigned in software on a pin-by-pin basis as shown in Table 13-2. The Tristate-Port User
Fuse determines the default state of the port pins. When the fuse is enabled, all port pins default
to input-only mode after reset. When the fuse is disabled, all port pins, with the exception of P1.0
and P1.1, default to quasi-bidirectional mode after reset and are weakly pulled high. Each port
pin also has a Schmitt-triggered input for improved input noise rejection. During Power-down all
the Schmitt-triggered inputs are disabled with the exception of P1.3, P3.2 and P3.3, which may
be used to wake up the device. Therefore P1.3, P3.2 and P3.3 should not be left floating during
Power-down
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AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
.
Table 13-2.
13.1.1
Configuration Modes for Port x, Bit y
PxM0.y
PxM1.y
Port Mode
0
0
Quasi-bidirectional
0
1
Push-pull Output
1
0
Input Only (High Impedance)
1
1
Open-drain Output
Quasi-bidirectional Output
Port pins in quasi-bidirectional output mode function similar to standard 8051 port pins. A Quasibidirectional port can be used both as an input and output without the need to reconfigure the
port. This is possible because when the port outputs a logic high, it is weakly driven, allowing an
external device to pull the pin low. When the pin is driven low, it is driven strongly and able to
sink a large current. There are three pull-up transistors in the quasi-bidirectional output that
serve different purposes.
One of these pull-ups, called the “very weak” pull-up, is turned on whenever the port latch for the
pin contains a logic “1”. This very weak pull-up sources a very small current that will pull the pin
high if it is left floating.
A second pull-up, called the “weak” pull-up, is turned on when the port latch for the pin contains
a logic “1” and the pin itself is also at a logic “1” level. This pull-up provides the primary source
current for a quasi-bidirectional pin that is outputting a “1”. If this pin is pulled low by an external
device, this weak pull-up turns off, and only the very weak pull-up remains on. In order to pull the
pin low under these conditions, the external device has to sink enough current to overpower the
weak pull-up and pull the port pin below its input threshold voltage.
The third pull-up is referred to as the “strong” pull-up. This pull-up is used to speed up low-tohigh transitions on a quasi-bidirectional port pin when the port latch changes from a logic “0” to a
logic “1”. When this occurs, the strong pull-up turns on for two CPU clocks quickly pulling the
port pin high. The quasi-bidirectional port configuration is shown in Figure 13-1. The input circuitry of P1.3, P3.2 and P3.3 is not disabled during Power-down (see Figure 13-3).
Figure 13-1. Quasi-bidirectional Output
1 Clock Delay
(D Flip-Flop)
VCC
VCC
VCC
Strong
Very
Weak
Weak
Port
Pin
From Port
Register
Input
Data
PWD
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3538A–MICRO–7/06
13.1.2
Input-only Mode
The input only port configuration is shown in Figure 13-2. The output drivers are tristated. The
input includes a Schmitt-triggered input for improved input noise rejection. The input circuitry of
P1.3, P3.2 and P3.3 is not disabled during Power-down (see Figure 13-3). Input pins can be
safely driven to 5.5V even when operating at lower VCC levels; however, the input threshold of
the Schmitt trigger will be set by the VCC level and must be taken into consideration.
Figure 13-2. Input Only
Input
Data
Port
Pin
PWD
Figure 13-3. Input Only for P1.3, P3.2 and P3.3
Input
Data
13.1.3
Port
Pin
Open-drain Output
The open-drain output configuration turns off all pull-ups and only drives the pull-down transistor
of the port pin when the port latch contains a logic “0”. To be used as a logic output, a port configured in this manner must have an external pull-up, typically a resistor tied to VCC. The pulldown for this mode is the same as for the quasi-bidirectional mode. The open-drain port configuration is shown in Figure 13-4.The input circuitry of P1.3, P3.2 and P3.3 is not disabled during
Power-down (see Figure 13-3). Open-drain pins can be safely pulled high to 5.5V even when
operating at lower VCC levels; however, the input threshold of the Schmitt trigger will be set by
the VCC level and must be taken into consideration.
Figure 13-4. Open-drain Output
Port
Pin
From Port
Register
Input
Data
PWD
13.1.4
24
Push-pull Output
The push-pull output configuration has the same pull-down structure as both the open-drain and
the quasi-bidirectional output modes, but provides a continuous strong pull-up when the port
latch contains a logic “1”. The push-pull mode may be used when more source current is needed
from a port output. The push-pull port configuration is shown in Figure 13-5. The input circuitry of
P1.3, P3.2 and P3.3 is not disabled during Power-down (see Figure 13-3).
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
Figure 13-5. Push-pull Output
VCC
Port
Pin
From Port
Register
Input
Data
PWD
13.2
Port 1 Analog Functions
The AT89LP213/214 incorporates an analog comparator. In order to give the best analog performance and minimize power consumption, pins that are being used for analog functions must
have both their digital outputs and digital inputs disabled. Digital outputs are disabled by putting
the port pins into the input-only mode as described in “Port Configuration” on page 22. Digital
inputs on P1.0 and P1.1 are disabled whenever the Analog Comparator is enabled by setting the
CEN bit in ACSR. CEN forces the PWD input on P1.0 and P1.1 low, thereby disabling the
Schmitt trigger circuitry. P1.0 and P1.1 will always default to input-only mode after reset regardless of the state of the Tristate-Port Fuse.
13.3
Port Read-modify-write
A read from a port will read either the state of the pins or the state of the port register depending
on which instruction is used. Simple read instructions will always access the port pins directly.
Read-modify-write instructions, which read a value, possibly modify it, and then write it back, will
always access the port register. This includes bit write instructions such as CLR or SETB as they
actually read the entire port, modify a single bit, then write the data back to the entire port. See
Table 13-3 for a complete list of Read-modify-write instruction which may access the ports.
Table 13-3.
Port Read-modify-write Instructions
Mnemonic
Instruction
Example
ANL
Logical AND
ANL P1, A
ORL
Logical OR
ORL P1, A
XRL
Logical EX-OR
XRL P1, A
JBC
Jump if bit set and clear bit
JBC P3.0, LABEL
CPL
Complement bit
CPL P3.1
INC
Increment
INC P1
DEC
Decrement
DEC P3
DJNZ
Decrement and jump if not zero
DJNZ P3, LABEL
MOV PX.Y, C
Move carry to bit Y of Port X
MOV P1.0, C
CLR PX.Y
Clear bit Y of Port X
CLR P1.1
SETB PX.Y
Set bit Y of Port X
SETB P3.2
25
3538A–MICRO–7/06
13.4
Port Alternate Functions
Most general-purpose digital I/O pins of the AT89LP213/214 share functionality with the various
I/Os needed for the peripheral units. Table 13-5 lists the alternate functions of the port pins.
Alternate functions are connected to the pins in a logic AND fashion. In order to enable the
alternate function on a port pin, that pin must have a “1” in its corresponding port register bit,
otherwise the input/output will always be “0”. Furthermore, each pin must be configured
for the correct input/output mode as required by its peripheral before it may be used as such.
Table 13-4 shows how to configure a generic pin for use with an alternate function.
Table 13-4.
Alternate Function Configurations for Pin y of Port x
PxM0.y
PxM1.y
Px.y
0
0
1
bidirectional (internal pull-up)
0
1
1
output
1
0
X
input
1
1
1
bidirectional (external pull-up)
Table 13-5.
Port Pin Alternate Functions
Configuration Bits
Alternate
Function
Port Pin
PxM0.y
PxM1.y
P1.0
P1M0.0
P1M1.0
P1.1
P1M0.1
P1M1.1
P1.2
P1M0.2
P1M1.2
GPI2
P1.3
P1M0.3
P1M1.3
GPI3
P1.4
P1M0.4
P1M1.4
P1.5
P1M0.5
P1M1.5
P1.6
P1M0.6
P1M1.6
P1.7
P1M0.7
P1M1.7
P3.0
P3M0.0
P3M1.0
RXD
P3.1
P3M0.1
P3M1.1
TXD
P3.2
P3M0.2
P3M1.2
INT0
Internal RC Oscillator Only
P3.3
P3M0.3
P3M1.3
INT1
Internal RC Oscillator or
External Clock Source Only
P3.4
P3M0.4
P3M1.4
T0
P3.5
P3M0.5
P3M1.5
T1
P3.6
26
I/O Mode
not configurable
AIN0
Notes
input-only
GPI0
AIN1
input-only
GPI1
RST must be disabled
SS
GPI4
MOSI
GPI5
MISO
GPI6
SCK
GPI7
CLKOUT
CMPOUT
AT89LP214 Only
AT89LP213 Only
Pin is tied to comparator output
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
14. Enhanced Timer/Counters
The AT89LP213/214 has two 16-bit Timer/Counter registers: Timer 0 and Timer 1. As a Timer,
the register increase every clock cycle by default. Thus, the register counts clock cycles. Since a
clock cycle consists of one oscillator period, the count rate is equal to the oscillator frequency.
The timer rate can be prescaled by a value between 1 and 16 using the Timer Prescaler (see
Table 9-2 on page 13). Both Timers share the same prescaler.
As a Counter, the register is incremented in response to a l-to-0 transition at its corresponding
input pin, T0 or T1. The external input is sampled every clock cycle. When the samples show a
high in one cycle and a low in the next cycle, the count is incremented. The new count value
appears in the register during the cycle following the one in which the transition was detected.
Since 2 clock cycles are required to recognize a l-to-0 transition, the maximum count rate is 1/2
of the oscillator frequency. There are no restrictions on the duty cycle of the input signal, but it
should be held for at least one full clock cycle to ensure that a given level is sampled at least
once before it changes. In the AT89LP214, the T0 and T1 inputs are not available at the pins.
However, the inputs may be exercised in software by toggling the P3.4 and P3.5 bits in the
Port 3 register.
Furthermore, the Timer or Counter functions for Timer 0 and Timer 1 have four operating modes:
variable width timer, 16-bit auto-reload timer, 8-bit auto-reload timer, and split timer. The control
bits C/T in the Special Function Register TMOD select the Timer or Counter function. The bit
pairs (M1, M0) in TMOD select the operating modes.
14.1
Mode 0 – Variable Width Timer/Counter
Both Timers in Mode 0 are 8-bit Counters with a variable prescaler. The prescaler may vary from
1 to 8 bits depending on the PSC bits in TCONB, giving the timer a range of 9 to 16 bits.
By default the timer is configured as a 13-bit timer compatible to Mode 0 in the standard 8051.
Figure 14-1 shows the Mode 0 operation as it applies to Timer 1 in 13-bit mode. As the count
rolls over from all “1”s to all “0”s, it sets the Timer interrupt flag TF1. The counter input is enabled
to the Timer when TR1 = 1 and either GATE = 0 or INT1 = 1. Setting GATE = 1 allows the Timer
to be controlled by external input INT1, to facilitate pulse width measurements. TR1 is a control
bit in the Special Function Register TCON. GATE is in TMOD. The 13-bit register consists of all
8 bits of TH1 and the lower 5 bits of TL1. The upper 3 bits of TL1 are indeterminate and should
be ignored. Setting the run flag (TR1) does not clear the registers.
PSC 0 + 1
Mode 0:
Note:
256 × 2
Time-out Period = ------------------------------------------------------- × ( TPS + 1 )
Oscillator Frequency
RH1/RL1 are not required by Timer 1 during Mode 0 and may be used as temporary storage
registers.
27
3538A–MICRO–7/06
Figure 14-1. Timer/Counter 1 Mode 0: Variable Width Counter
OSC
÷TPS
C/T = 0
TL1
(8 Bits)
C/T = 1
T1 Pin
Control
PSC1
TR1
TH1
(8 Bits)
GATE
Interrupt
TF1
INT1 Pin
Mode 0 operation is the same for Timer 0 as for Timer 1, except that TR0, TF0 and INT0 replace
the corresponding Timer 1 signals in Figure 14-1. There are two different GATE bits, one for
Timer 1 (TMOD.7) and one for Timer 0 (TMOD.3). The INT0 and INT1 pins are shared with the
XTAL oscillator. They may only be used for the GATE function when using the internal RC oscillator as the system clock.
14.2
Mode 1 – 16-bit Auto-Reload Timer/Counter
In Mode 1 the Timers are configured for 16-bit auto-reload. The Timer register is run with all
16 bits. The 16-bit reload value is stored in the high and low reload registers (RH1/RL1). The
clock is applied to the combined high and low timer registers (TH1/TL1). As clock pulses are
received, the timer counts up: 0000H, 0001H, 0002H, etc. An overflow occurs on the FFFFH-to0000H transition, upon which the timer register is reloaded with the value from RH1/RL1 and the
overflow flag bit in TCON is set. See Figure 14-2. The reload registers default to 0000H, which
gives the full 16-bit timer period compatible with the standard 8051. Mode 1 operation is the
same for Timer/Counter 0.
Mode 1:
( 65536 – {RH 0, RL 0} )
Time-out Period = ---------------------------------------------------------- × ( TPS + 1 )
Oscillator Frequency
Figure 14-2. Timer/Counter 1 Mode 1: 16-bit Auto-reload
RL1
(8 Bits)
OSC
RH1
(8 Bits)
÷TPS
Reload
C/T = 0
TL1
(8 Bits)
TH1
(8 Bits)
TF1
Interrupt
C/T =1
T1 Pin
Control
TR1
GATE
INT1 Pin
28
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
14.3
Mode 2 – 8-bit Auto-reload Timer/Counter
Mode 2 configures the Timer register as an 8-bit Counter (TL1) with automatic reload, as shown
in Figure 14-3. Overflow from TL1 not only sets TF1, but also reloads TL1 with the contents of
TH1, which is preset by software. The reload leaves TH1 unchanged. Mode 2 operation is the
same for Timer/Counter 0.
( 256 – TH 0 )
Time-out Period = ------------------------------------------------------- × ( TPS + 1 )
Oscillator Frequency
Mode 2:
Figure 14-3. Timer/Counter 1 Mode 2: 8-bit Auto-reload
OSC
÷TPS
C/T = 0
TL1
(8 Bits)
TF1
Interrupt
C/T = 1
Control
T1 Pin
Reload
TR1
TH1
(8 Bits)
GATE
INT0 Pin
Note:
14.4
RH1/RL1 are not required by Timer 1 during Mode 2 and may be used as temporary storage
registers.
Mode 3 – 8-bit Split Timer
Timer 1 in Mode 3 simply holds its count. The effect is the same as setting TR1 = 0. Timer 0 in
Mode 3 establishes TL0 and TH0 as two separate counters. The logic for Mode 3 on Timer 0 is
shown in Figure 14-4. TL0 uses the Timer 0 control bits: C/T, GATE, TR0, INT0, and TF0. TH0 is
locked into a timer function (counting machine cycles) and takes over the use of TR1 and TF1
from Timer 1. Thus, TH0 now controls the Timer 1 interrupt. While Timer 0 is in Mode 3, Timer 1
will still obey its settings in TMOD but cannot generate an interrupt.
Mode 3 is for applications requiring an extra 8-bit timer or counter. With Timer 0 in Mode 3, the
AT89LP213/214 can appear to have three Timer/Counters. When Timer 0 is in Mode 3, Timer 1
can be turned on and off by switching it out of and into its own Mode 3. In this case, Timer 1 can
still be used by the serial port as a baud rate generator or in any application not requiring an
interrupt.
Figure 14-4. Timer/Counter 0 Mode 3: Two 8-bit Counters
÷TPS
C/T = 0
C/T =1
T0 Pin
(8 Bits)
Interrupt
(8 Bits)
Interrupt
Control
GATE
INT0 Pin
÷TPS
Control
Note:
RH0/RL0 are not required by Timer 0 during Mode 3 and may be used as temporary storage
registers.
29
3538A–MICRO–7/06
.
Table 14-1.
TCON – Timer/Counter Control Register
TCON = 88H
Reset Value = 0000 0000B
Bit Addressable
Bit
TF1
TR1
TF0
TR0
IE1
IT1
IE0
IT0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Symbol
Function
TF1
Timer 1 overflow flag. Set by hardware on Timer/Counter overflow. Cleared by hardware when the processor vectors
to interrupt routine.
TR1
Timer 1 run control bit. Set/cleared by software to turn Timer/Counter on/off.
TF0
Timer 0 overflow flag. Set by hardware on Timer/Counter overflow. Cleared by hardware when the processor vectors
to interrupt routine.
TR0
Timer 0 run control bit. Set/cleared by software to turn Timer/Counter on/off.
IE1
Interrupt 1 edge flag. Set by hardware when external interrupt edge detected. Cleared when interrupt processed.
IT1
Interrupt 1 type control bit. Set/cleared by software to specify falling edge/low level triggered external interrupts.
IE0
Interrupt 0 edge flag. Set by hardware when external interrupt edge detected. Cleared when interrupt processed.
IT0
Interrupt 0 type control bit. Set/cleared by software to specify falling edge/low level triggered external interrupts.
30
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
Table 14-2.
TMOD: Timer/Counter Mode Control Register
TMOD = 88H
Reset Value = 0000 0000B
Not Bit Addressable
GATE
C/T
M1
M0
GATE
C/T
M1
M0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Timer1
Timer0
Gate
Gating control when set. Timer/Counter x is enabled only
while INTx pin is high and TRx control pin is set. When
cleared, Timer x is enabled whenever TRx control bit
is set.
Timer 0 gate bit
C/T
Timer or Counter Selector cleared for Timer operation
(input from internal system clock). Set for Counter
operation (input from Tx input pin).
Timer 0 counter/timer select bit
M1
Timer 1 Mode bit 1
Timer 0 M1 bit
M0
Timer 1 Mode bit 0
Timer 0 M0 bit
M1
M0
Mode
Operating Mode
0
0
0
Variable 9 - 16-bit Timer mode.
8-bit Timer/Counter THx with TLx as 1 - 8-bit prescaler.
0
1
1
16-bit auto-reload mode.
16-bit Timer/Counters THx and TLx are cascaded; there is no prescaler.
1
0
2
8-bit auto reload.
8-bit auto-reload Timer/Counter THx holds a value which is to be
reloaded into TLx each time it overflows.
1
1
3
Split Timer mode.
(Timer 0) TL0 is an 8-bit Timer/Counter controlled by the standard
Timer 0 control bits. TH0 is an 8-bit timer only controlled by Timer 1
control bits.
1
1
3
(Timer 1) Timer/Counter 1 stopped.
Timer SFR
Purpose
Address
Bit-Addressable
TCON
Control
88H
Yes
TMOD
Mode
89H
No
TL0
Timer 0 low-byte
8AH
No
TL1
Timer 1 low-byte
8BH
No
TH0
Timer 0 high-byte
8CH
No
TH1
Timer 1 high-byte
8DH
No
TCONB
Mode
91H
No
RL0
Timer 0 reload low-byte
92H
No
RL1
Timer 1 reload low-byte
93H
No
RH0
Timer 0 reload high-byte
94H
No
RH1
Timer 1 reload high-byte
95H
No
31
3538A–MICRO–7/06
.
Table 14-3.
TCONB – Timer/Counter Control Register B
TCONB = 91H
Reset Value = 0010 0100B
Not Bit Addressable
Bit
PWM1EN
PWM0EN
PSC12
PSC11
PSC10
PSC02
PSC01
PSC00
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Symbol
Function
PWM1EN
Configures Timer 1 for Pulse Width Modulation output on T1 (P3.5).
PWM0EN
Configures Timer 0 for Pulse Width Modulation output on T0 (P3.4).
PSC12
PSC11
PSC10
Prescaler for Timer 1 Mode 0. The number of active bits in TL1 equals PSC1 + 1. After reset PSC1 = 100B which
enables 5 bits of TL1 for compatibility with the 13-bit Mode 0 in AT89S2051.
PSC02
PSC01
PSC00
Prescaler for Timer 0 Mode 0. The number of active bits in TL0 equals PSC0 + 1. After reset PSC0 = 100B which
enables 5 bits of TL0 for compatibility with the 13-bit Mode 0 in AT89C52.
14.5
Pulse Width Modulation
On the AT89LP213, Timer 0 and Timer 1 may be independently configured as 8-bit asymmetrical (edge-aligned) pulse width modulators (PWM) by setting the PWM0EN or PWM1EN bits in
TCONB, respectively. In PWM Mode the generated waveform is output on the timer's input pin,
T0 or T1. Therefore, C/T must be set to “0” when in PWM mode. and the T0 (P3.4) and T1 (P3.5)
must be configured in an output mode. The Timer Overflow Flags and Interrupts will continue to
function while in PWM Mode and Timer 1 may still generate the baud rate for the UART. Each
PWM channel has four modes selected by the mode bits in TMOD.
An example waveform for Timer 0 in PWM Mode 0 is shown in Figure 14-5. TH0 acts as an 8-bit
counter while RH0 stores the 8-bit compare value. When TH0 is 00H the PWM output is
set high. When the TH0 count reaches the value stored in RH0 the PWM output is set low.
Therefore, the pulse width is proportional to the value in RH0. To prevent glitches, writes to
RH0 only take effect on the FFH to 00H overflow of TH0. Setting RH0 to 00H will keep the PWM
output low.
Figure 14-5. Asymmetrical Pulse Width Modulation
Counter Value (TH0)
Compare Value (RH0)
PWM Output (T0)
32
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
14.5.1
Mode 0 – 8-bit PWM with 8-bit Logarithmic Prescaler
In Mode 0, TLx acts as a logarithmic prescaler driving 8-bit counter THx (see Figure 14-6). The
PSCx bits in TCONB control the prescaler value. On THx overflow, the duty cycle value in RHx
is transferred to OCRx and the output pin is set high. When the count in THx matches OCRx, the
output pin is cleared low. The following formulas give the output frequency and duty cycle for
Timer 0 in PWM Mode 0. Timer 1 in PWM Mode 0 is identical to Timer 0.
Mode 0:
Oscillator Frequency
1
- × -------------------f out = -----------------------------------------------------PSC 0 + 1
TPS
+1
256 × 2
Mode 0:
RH0
Duty Cycle % = 100 × -----------256
Figure 14-6. Timer/Counter 1 PWM Mode 0
RH1
(8 Bits)
OSC
TL1
(8 Bits)
÷TPS
OCR1
Control
=
TR1
T1
PSC1
GATE
TH1
(8 Bits)
INT1 Pin
14.5.2
Mode 1 – 8-bit PWM with 8-bit Linear Prescaler
In Mode 1, TLx provides linear prescaling with an 8-bit auto-reload from RLx (see Figure 14-7).
On TLx overflow, TLx is loaded with the value of RLx. THx acts as an 8-bit counter. On THx
overflow, the duty cycle value in RHx is transferred to OCRx and the output pin is set high. When
the count in THx matches OCRx, the output pin is cleared low. The following formulas give the
output frequency and duty cycle for Timer 0 in PWM Mode 1. Timer 1 in PWM Mode 1 is identical to Timer 0.
Mode 1:
Oscillator Frequency
1
f out = ------------------------------------------------------- × -------------------256 × ( 256 – RL 0 )
TPS + 1
Mode 1:
RH0
Duty Cycle % = 100 × -----------256
33
3538A–MICRO–7/06
Figure 14-7. Timer/Counter 1 PWM Mode 1
RH1
(8 Bits)
RL1
(8 Bits)
OCR1
=
T1
OSC
TH1
(8 Bits)
TL1
(8 Bits)
÷TPS
Control
TR1
GATE
INT1 Pin
14.5.3
Mode 2 – 8-bit Frequency Generator
Timer 0 in PWM Mode 2 functions as an 8-bit auto-reload timer, the same as normal Mode 2,
with the exception that the output pin T0 is toggled at every TL0 overflow (see Figure 14-8).
Timer 1 in PWM Mode 2 is identical to Timer 0. PWM Mode 2 can be used to output a square
wave of varying frequency. THx acts as an 8-bit counter. The following formula gives the output
frequency for Timer 0 in PWM Mode 2.
Mode 2:
Oscillator Frequency
1
f out = ------------------------------------------------------- × -------------------2 × ( 256 – TH 0 )
TPS + 1
Figure 14-8. Timer/Counter 1 PWM Mode 2
TH1
(8 Bits)
OSC
TL1
(8 Bits)
÷TPS
T1
Control
TR1
GATE
INT1 Pin
Note:
34
{RH0 & RL0}/{RH1 & RL1} are not required by Timer 0/Timer 1 during PWM Mode 2 and may be
used as temporary storage registers.
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
14.5.4
Mode 3 – Split 8-bit PWM
Timer 1 in PWM Mode 3 simply holds its count. The effect is the same as setting TR1 = 0.
Timer 0 in PWM Mode 3 establishes TL0 and TH0 as two separate PWM counters in a manner
similar to normal Mode 3. PWM Mode 3 on Timer 0 is shown in Figure 14-9. Only the Timer
Prescaler is available to change the output frequency during PWM Mode 3. TL0 can use the
Timer 0 control bits: GATE, TR0, INT0, PWM0EN and TF0. TH0 is locked into a timer function
and uses TR1, PWM1EN and TF1. RL0 provides the duty cycle for TL0 and RH0 provides the
duty cycle for TH0.
PWM Mode 3 is for applications requiring a single PWM channel and two timers, or two PWM
channels and an extra timer or counter. With Timer 0 in PWM Mode 3, the AT89LP213 can
appear to have three Timer/Counters. When Timer 0 is in PWM Mode 3, Timer 1 can be turned
on and off by switching it out of and into its own Mode 3. In this case, Timer 1 can still be used by
the serial port as a baud rate generator or in any application not requiring an interrupt. The following formulas give the output frequency and duty cycle for Timer 0 in PWM Mode 3.
Oscillator Frequency
1
f out = ------------------------------------------------------- × -------------------256
TPS + 1
Mode 3:
Mode 3, T0:
RL 0
Duty Cycle % = 100 × ----------256
Mode 3, T1:
RH 0
Duty Cycle % = 100 × -----------256
Figure 14-9. Timer/Counter 0 PWM Mode 3
RL0
(8 Bits)
OCR0
=
T0
TL0
(8 Bits)
÷TPS
OSC
Control
RH0
(8 Bits)
TR1
GATE
OCR1
INT1 Pin
=
T1
÷TPS
OSC
TH0
(8 Bits)
TR1
35
3538A–MICRO–7/06
15. External Interrupts
When the AT89LP213/214 is configured to use the internal RC Oscillator, XTAL1 and XTAL2
may be used as the INT0 and INT1 external interrupt sources. The external interrupts can be
programmed to be level-activated or transition-activated by setting or clearing bit IT1 or IT0 in
Register TCON. If ITx = 0, external interrupt x is triggered by a detected low at the INTx pin. If
ITx = 1, external interrupt x is edge-triggered. In this mode if successive samples of the INTx pin
show a high in one cycle and a low in the next cycle, interrupt request flag IEx in TCON is set.
Flag bit IEx then requests the interrupt. Since the external interrupt pins are sampled once each
clock cycle, an input high or low should hold for at least 2 oscillator periods to ensure sampling.
If the external interrupt is transition-activated, the external source has to hold the request pin
high for at least two clock cycles, and then hold it low for at least two clock cycles to ensure that
the transition is seen so that interrupt request flag IEx will be set. IEx will be automatically
cleared by the CPU when the service routine is called if generated in edge-triggered mode. If the
external interrupt is level-activated, the external source has to hold the request active until the
requested interrupt is actually generated. Then the external source must deactivate the request
before the interrupt service routine is completed, or else another interrupt will be generated.
16. General-purpose Interrupts
The General-purpose Interrupt (GPI) function provides 8 configurable external interrupts on
Port 1. Each port pin can detect high/low levels or positive/negative edges. The GPIEN register
select which bits of Port 1 are enabled to generate an interrupt. The GPMOD and GPLS registers determine the mode for each individual pin. GPMOD selects between level-sensitive and
edge-triggered mode. GPLS selects between high/low in level mode and positive/negative in
edge mode. The pins of Port 1 are sampled every clock cycle. In level-sensitive mode, a valid
level must appear in two successive samples before generating the interrupt. In edge-triggered
mode, a transition will be detected if the value changes from one sample to the next. When an
interrupt condition on a pin is detected, and that pin is enabled, the appropriate flag in the GPIF
register is set. The flags in GPIF must be cleared by software.
.
Table 16-1.
GPMOD – General-purpose Interrupt Mode Register
GPMOD = 9AH
Reset Value = 0000 0000B
Not Bit Addressable
Bit
GPMOD7
GPMOD6
GPMOD5
GPMOD4
GPMOD3
GPMOD2
GPMOD1
GPMOD0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
GPMOD.x
0 = level-sensitive interrupt for P1.x
1 = edge-triggered interrupt for P1.x
36
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
Table 16-2.
GPLS – General-purpose Interrupt Level Select Register
GPLS = 9BH
Reset Value = 0000 0000B
Not Bit Addressable
GPLS7
GPLS6
GPLS5
GPLS4
GPLS3
GPLS2
GPLS1
GPLS0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Bit
GPMOD.x
0 = detect low level or negative edge on P1.x
1 = detect high level or positive edge on P1.x
.
Table 16-3.
GPIEN – General-purpose Interrupt Enable Register
GPIEN = 9CH
Reset Value = 0000 0000B
Not Bit Addressable
GPIEN7
GPIEN6
GPIEN5
GPIEN4
GPIEN3
GPIEN2
GPIEN1
GPIEN0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Bit
GPIEN.x
0 = interrupt for P1.x disabled
1 = interrupt for P1.x enabled
.
Table 16-4.
GPIF – General-purpose Interrupt Flag Register
GPIF = 9DH
Reset Value = 0000 0000B
Not Bit Addressable
Bit
GPIF7
GPIF6
GPIF5
GPIF4
GPIF3
GPIF2
GPIF1
GPIF0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
GPIF.x
0 = interrupt on P1.x inactive
1 = interrupt on P1.x active. Must be cleared by software.
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17. Serial Interface
The serial interface on the AT89LP214 implements a Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART). The UART has the following features:
• Full Duplex Operation
• 8 or 9 Data Bits
• Framing Error Detection
• Multiprocessor Communication Mode with Automatic Address Recognition
• Baud Rate Generator Using Timer 1
• Interrupt on Receive Buffer Full or Transmission Complete
The serial interface is full duplex, which means it can transmit and receive simultaneously. It is
also receive-buffered, which means it can begin receiving a second byte before a previously
received byte has been read from the receive register. (However, if the first byte still has not
been read when reception of the second byte is complete, one of the bytes will be lost.) The
serial port receive and transmit registers are both accessed at the Special Function Register
SBUF. Writing to SBUF loads the transmit register, and reading SBUF accesses a physically
separate receive register. The serial port can operate in the following four modes.
• Mode 0: Serial data enters and exits through RXD. TXD outputs the shift clock. Eight data
bits are transmitted/received, with the LSB first. The baud rate is fixed at 1/2 the oscillator
frequency.
• Mode 1: 10 bits are transmitted (through TXD) or received (through RXD): a start bit (0),
8 data bits (LSB first), and a stop bit (1). On receive, the stop bit goes into RB8 in the Special
Function Register SCON. The baud rate is variable based on Timer 1.
• Mode 2: 11 bits are transmitted (through TXD) or received (through RXD): a start bit (0),
8 data bits (LSB first), a programmable 9th data bit, and a stop bit (1). On transmit, the 9th
data bit (TB8 in SCON) can be assigned the value of “0” or “1”. For example, the parity bit
(P, in the PSW) can be moved into TB8. On receive, the 9th data bit goes into RB8 in the
Special Function Register SCON, while the stop bit is ignored. The baud rate is
programmable to either 1/16 or 1/32 the oscillator frequency.
• Mode 3: 11 bits are transmitted (through TXD) or received (through RXD): a start bit (0),
8 data bits (LSB first), a programmable 9th data bit, and a stop bit (1). In fact, Mode 3 is the
same as Mode 2 in all respects except the baud rate, which is variable based on Timer 1 in
Mode 3.
In all four modes, transmission is initiated by any instruction that uses SBUF as a destination
register. Reception is initiated in Mode 0 by the condition RI = 0 and REN = 1. Reception is initiated in the other modes by the incoming start bit if REN = 1.
17.1
Multiprocessor Communications
Modes 2 and 3 have a special provision for multiprocessor communications. In these modes,
9 data bits are received, followed by a stop bit. The 9th bit goes into RB8. Then comes a stop bit.
The port can be programmed such that when the stop bit is received, the serial port interrupt is
activated only if RB8 = 1. This feature is enabled by setting bit SM2 in SCON.
The following example shows how to use the serial interrupt for multiprocessor communications.
When the master processor must transmit a block of data to one of several slaves, it first sends
out an address byte that identifies the target slave. An address byte differs from a data byte in
that the 9th bit is “1” in an address byte and “0” in a data byte. With SM2 = 1, no slave is
interrupted by a data byte. An address byte, however, interrupts all slaves. Each slave can
examine the received byte and see if it is being addressed. The addressed slave clears its SM2
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AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
bit and prepares to receive the data bytes that follows. The slaves that are not addressed set
their SM2 bits and ignore the data bytes.
The SM2 bit has no effect in Mode 0 but can be used to check the validity of the stop bit in
Mode 1. In a Mode 1 reception, if SM2 = 1, the receive interrupt is not activated unless a valid
stop bit is received.
Table 17-1.
SCON – Serial Port Control Register
SCON Address = 98H
Reset Value = 0000 0000B
Bit Addressable
SM0/FE
Bit
7
(SMOD0 = 0/1)
SM1
SM2
REN
TB8
RB8
T1
RI
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
(1)
Symbol
Function
FE
Framing error bit. This bit is set by the receiver when an invalid stop bit is detected. The FE bit is not cleared by valid
frames and must be cleared by software. The SMOD0 bit must be set to enable access to the FE bit. FE will be set
regardless of the state of SMOD0.
SM0
Serial Port Mode Bit 0, (SMOD0 must = 0 to access bit SM0)
Serial Port Mode Bit 1
SM1
SM0
SM1
Mode
Description
Baud Rate(2)
0
0
0
shift register
fosc/2
0
1
1
8-bit UART
variable (Timer 1)
1
0
2
9-bit UART
fosc/32 or fosc/16
1
1
3
9-bit UART
variable (Timer 1)
SM2
Enables the Automatic Address Recognition feature in Modes 2 or 3. If SM2 = 1 then Rl will not be set unless the received
9th data bit (RB8) is 1, indicating an address, and the received byte is a Given or Broadcast Address. In Mode 1, if SM2 =
1 then Rl will not be activated unless a valid stop bit was received, and the received byte is a Given or Broadcast
Address. In Mode 0, SM2 should be 0.
REN
Enables serial reception. Set by software to enable reception. Clear by software to disable reception.
TB8
The 9th data bit that will be transmitted in Modes 2 and 3. Set or clear by software as desired.
RB8
In Modes 2 and 3, the 9th data bit that was received. In Mode 1, if SM2 = 0, RB8 is the stop bit that was received. In Mode
0, RB8 is not used.
TI
Transmit interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the end of the 8th bit time in Mode 0, or at the beginning of the stop bit in the
other modes, in any serial transmission. Must be cleared by software.
RI
Receive interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the end of the 8th bit time in Mode 0, or halfway through the stop bit time in the
other modes, in any serial reception (except see SM2). Must be cleared by software.
Notes:
1. SMOD0 is located at PCON.6.
2. fosc = oscillator frequency.
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17.2
Baud Rates
The baud rate in Mode 0 is fixed as shown in the following equation:
Oscillator Frequency
Mode 0 Baud Rate = ------------------------------------------------------2
The baud rate in Mode 2 depends on the value of the SMOD1 bit in Special Function Register
PCON.7. If SMOD1 = 0 (the value on reset), the baud rate is 1/32 of the oscillator frequency. If
SMOD1 = 1, the baud rate is 1/16 of the oscillator frequency, as shown in the following equation:
SMOD1
2
Mode 2 Baud Rate = -------------------- × (Oscillator Frequency)
32
17.2.1
Using Timer 1 to Generate Baud Rates
The Timer 1 overflow rate determines the baud rates in Modes 1 and 3. When Timer 1 is the
baud rate generator, the baud rates are determined by the Timer 1 overflow rate and the value
of SMOD1 according to the following equation:
Modes 1, 3
SMOD1
2
= -------------------- × (Timer 1 Overflow Rate)
32
Baud Rate
The Timer 1 interrupt should be disabled in this application. The Timer itself can be configured
for either timer or counter operation in any of its 3 running modes. In the most typical applications, it is configured for timer operation in auto-reload mode (high nibble of TMOD = 0010B). In
this case, the baud rate is given by the following formula:
Modes 1, 3
SMOD1
2
Oscillator Frequency
1
= -------------------- × ------------------------------------------------------- × -------------------32
[
256
–
(
TH1
)
]
TPS
+1
Baud Rate
Programmers can achieve very low baud rates with Timer 1 by configuring the Timer to run as a
16-bit auto-reload timer (high nibble of TMOD = 0001B). In this case, the baud rate is given by
the following formula.
Modes 1, 3
SMOD1
2
Oscillator Frequency
1
= -------------------- × ------------------------------------------------------- × -------------------32
[
256
–
(
R
H1,RL1
)
]
TPS
+1
Baud Rate
Table 17-2 lists commonly used baud rates and how they can be obtained from Timer 1.
Table 17-2.
Commonly Used Baud Rates Generated by Timer 1 (TPS = 0000B)
Timer 1
40
Baud Rate
fOSC (MHz)
SMOD1
C/T
Mode
Reload Value
Mode 0: 1 MHz
2
X
X
X
X
Mode 2: 375K
12
0
X
X
X
62.5K
12
1
0
2
F4H
19.2K
11.059
1
0
2
DCH
9.6K
11.059
0
0
2
DCH
4.8K
11.059
0
0
2
B8H
2.4K
11.059
0
0
2
70H
1.2K
11.059
0
0
1
FEE0H
137.5
11.986
0
0
1
F55CH
110
6
0
0
1
F958H
110
12
0
0
1
F304H
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17.3
More About Mode 0
Serial data enters and exits through RXD. TXD outputs the shift clock. Eight data bits are transmitted/received, with the LSB first. The baud rate is fixed at 1/2 the oscillator frequency. Figure
17-1 on page 42 shows a simplified functional diagram of the serial port in Mode 0 and associated timing.
Transmission is initiated by any instruction that uses SBUF as a destination register. The “write
to SBUF” signal also loads a “1” into the 9th position of the transmit shift register and tells the TX
Control Block to begin a transmission. The internal timing is such that one full machine cycle will
elapse between “write to SBUF” and activation of SEND.
SEND transfers the output of the shift register to the alternate output function line of P3.0, and
also transfers Shift Clock to the alternate output function line of P3.1. At the falling edge of Shift
Clock the contents of the transmit shift register are shifted one position to the right.
As data bits shift out to the right, “0”s come in from the left. When the MSB of the data byte is at
the output position of the shift register, the “1” that was initially loaded into the 9th position is just
to the left of the MSB, and all positions to the left of that contain “0”s. This condition flags the TX
Control block to do one last shift, then deactivate SEND and set TI.
Reception is initiated by the condition REN = 1 and R1 = 0. At the next clock cycle, the RX Control unit writes the bits 11111110 to the receive shift register and activates RECEIVE in the next
clock phase.
RECEIVE enables Shift Clock to the alternate output function line of P3.1. At the falling edge of
Shift Clock the contents of the receive shift register are shifted one position to the left. The value
that comes in from the right is the value that was sampled at the P3.0 pin at rising edge of Shift
Clock.
As data bits come in from the right, “1”s shift out to the left. When the “0” that was initially loaded
into the right-most position arrives at the left-most position in the shift register, it flags the RX
Control block to do one last shift and load SBUF. Then RECEIVE is cleared and RI is set.
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3538A–MICRO–7/06
Figure 17-1. Serial Port Mode 0
INTERNAL BUS
“1“
1/2 fosc
INTERNAL BUS
WRITE TO SBUF
SEND
SHIFT
RXD (DATA OUT)
TXD (SHIFT CLOCK)
TI
WRITE TO SCON (CLEAR RI)
RI
RECEIVE
SHIFT
RXD (DATA IN)
TXD (SHIFT CLOCK)
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17.4
More About Mode 1
Ten bits are transmitted (through TXD), or received (through RXD): a start bit (0), 8 data bits
(LSB first), and a stop bit (1). On receive, the stop bit goes into RB8 in SCON. In the
AT89LP214, the baud rate is determined by the Timer 1 overflow rate. Figure 17-2 shows a simplified functional diagram of the serial port in Mode 1 and associated timings for transmit and
receive.
Transmission is initiated by any instruction that uses SBUF as a destination register. The “write
to SBUF” signal also loads a “1” into the 9th bit position of the transmit shift register and flags the
TX Control unit that a transmission is requested. Transmission actually commences at S1P1 of
the machine cycle following the next rollover in the divide-by-16 counter. Thus, the bit times are
synchronized to the divide-by-16 counter, not to the “write to SBUF” signal.
The transmission begins when SEND is activated, which puts the start bit at TXD. One bit time
later, DATA is activated, which enables the output bit of the transmit shift register to TXD. The
first shift pulse occurs one bit time after that.
As data bits shift out to the right, “0”s are clocked in from the left. When the MSB of the data byte
is at the output position of the shift register, the “1” that was initially loaded into the 9th position is
just to the left of the MSB, and all positions to the left of that contain “0”s. This condition flags the
TX Control unit to do one last shift, then deactivate SEND and set TI. This occurs at the tenth
divide-by-16 rollover after “write to SBUF.”
Reception is initiated by a 1-to-0 transition detected at RXD. For this purpose, RXD is sampled
at a rate of 16 times the established baud rate. When a transition is detected, the divide-by-16
counter is immediately reset, and 1FFH is written into the input shift register. Resetting the
divide-by-16 counter aligns its roll-overs with the boundaries of the incoming bit times.
The 16 states of the counter divide each bit time into 16ths. At the 7th, 8th, and 9th counter
states of each bit time, the bit detector samples the value of RXD. The value accepted is the
value that was seen in at least 2 of the 3 samples. This is done to reject noise. In order to reject
false bits, if the value accepted during the first bit time is not 0, the receive circuits are reset and
the unit continues looking for another l-to-0 transition. If the start bit is valid, it is shifted into the
input shift register, and reception of the rest of the frame proceeds.
As data bits come in from the right, “1”s shift out to the left. When the start bit arrives at the leftmost position in the shift register, (which is a 9-bit register in Mode 1), it flags the RX Control
block to do one last shift, load SBUF and RB8, and set RI. The signal to load SBUF and RB8
and to set RI is generated if, and only if, the following conditions are met at the time the final shift
pulse is generated.
RI = 0 and
Either SM2 = 0, or the received stop bit = 1
If either of these two conditions is not met, the received frame is irretrievably lost. If both conditions are met, the stop bit goes into RB8, the 8 data bits go into SBUF, and RI is activated. At
this time, whether or not the above conditions are met, the unit continues looking for a 1-to-0
transition in RXD.
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3538A–MICRO–7/06
Figure 17-2. Serial Port Mode 1
TIMER 1
OVERFLOW
INTERNAL BUS
“1”
WRITE
TO
SBUF
÷2
SMOD1
=1
SMOD1
=0
S
D Q
CL
SBUF
TXD
ZERO DETECTOR
SHIFT DATA
START
TX CONTROL
÷16
RX CLOCK
SEND
TI
SERIAL
PORT
INTERRUPT
÷16
SAMPLE
1-TO-0
TRANSITION
DETECTOR
RX CLOCK RI
START
RX CONTROL
LOAD
SBUF
SHIFT
1FFH
BIT
DETECTOR
INPUT SHIFT REG.
(9 BITS)
RXD
SHIFT
LOAD
SBUF
SBUF
READ
SBUF
INTERNAL BUS
TRANSMIT
TX
CLOCK
WRITE TO SBUF
SEND
DATA
SHIFT
D0
TXD
TI
RX
CLOCK
RECEIVE
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
STOP BIT
START BIT
RXD
÷16 RESET
START BIT
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
STOP BIT
BIT DETECTOR SAMPLE TIMES
SHIFT
RI
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17.5
More About Modes 2 and 3
Eleven bits are transmitted (through TXD), or received (through RXD): a start bit (0), 8 data bits
(LSB first), a programmable 9th data bit, and a stop bit (1). On transmit, the 9th data bit (TB8)
can be assigned the value of “0” or “1”. On receive, the 9th data bit goes into RB8 in SCON. The
baud rate is programmable to either 1/16 or 1/32 of the oscillator frequency in Mode 2. Mode 3
may have a variable baud rate generated from Timer 1.
Figures 17-3 and 17-4 show a functional diagram of the serial port in Modes 2 and 3. The
receive portion is exactly the same as in Mode 1. The transmit portion differs from Mode 1 only
in the 9th bit of the transmit shift register.
Transmission is initiated by any instruction that uses SBUF as a destination register. The “write
to SBUF” signal also loads TB8 into the 9th bit position of the transmit shift register and flags the
TX Control unit that a transmission is requested. Transmission commences at S1P1 of the
machine cycle following the next rollover in the divide-by-16 counter. Thus, the bit times are synchronized to the divide-by-16 counter, not to the “write to SBUF” signal.
The transmission begins when SEND is activated, which puts the start bit at TXD. One bit time
later, DATA is activated, which enables the output bit of the transmit shift register to TXD. The
first shift pulse occurs one bit time after that. The first shift clocks a “1” (the stop bit) into the 9th
bit position of the shift register. Thereafter, only “0”s are clocked in. Thus, as data bits shift out to
the right, “0”s are clocked in from the left. When TB8 is at the output position of the shift register,
then the stop bit is just to the left of TB8, and all positions to the left of that contain “0”s. This condition flags the TX Control unit to do one last shift, then deactivate SEND and set TI. This occurs
at the 11th divide-by-16 rollover after “write to SBUF.”
Reception is initiated by a 1-to-0 transition detected at RXD. For this purpose, RXD is sampled
at a rate of 16 times the established baud rate. When a transition is detected, the divide-by-16
counter is immediately reset, and 1FFH is written to the input shift register.
At the 7th, 8th and 9th counter states of each bit time, the bit detector samples the value of RXD.
The value accepted is the value that was seen in at least 2 of the 3 samples. If the value
accepted during the first bit time is not 0, the receive circuits are reset and the unit continues
looking for another l-to-0 transition. If the start bit proves valid, it is shifted into the input shift register, and reception of the rest of the frame proceeds.
As data bits come in from the right, “1”s shift out to the left. When the start bit arrives at the leftmost position in the shift register (which in Modes 2 and 3 is a 9-bit register), it flags the RX Control block to do one last shift, load SBUF and RB8, and set RI. The signal to load SBUF and RB8
and to set RI is generated if, and only if, the following conditions are met at the time the final shift
pulse is generated:
RI = 0, and
Either SM2 = 0 or the received 9th data bit = 1
If either of these conditions is not met, the received frame is irretrievably lost, and RI is not set. If
both conditions are met, the received 9th data bit goes into RB8, and the first 8 data bits go into
SBUF. One bit time later, whether the above conditions were met or not, the unit continues looking for a 1-to-0 transition at the RXD input.
Note that the value of the received stop bit is irrelevant to SBUF, RB8, or RI.
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Figure 17-3. Serial Port Mode 2
INTERNAL BUS
CPU CLOCK
SMOD1 1
SMOD1 0
INTERNAL BUS
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AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
Figure 17-4. Serial Port Mode 3
TIMER 1
OVERFLOW
INTERNAL BUS
TB8
WRITE
TO
SBUF
÷2
SMOD1
= 1
SMOD1
= 0
S
D Q
CL
SBUF
TXD
ZERO DETECTOR
÷16
SHIFT DATA
START STOP BIT
TX CONTROL
RX CLOCK
SEND
TI
SERIAL
PORT
INTERRUPT
÷16
SAMPLE
1-TO-0
TRANSITION
DETECTOR
RX CLOCK RI
START
RX CONTROL
LOAD
SBUF
SHIFT
1FFH
BIT
DETECTOR
INPUT SHIFT REG.
(9 BITS)
RXD
SHIFT
LOAD
SBUF
SBUF
READ
SBUF
INTERNAL BUS
TRANSMIT
TX
CLOCK
WRITE TO SBUF
SEND
DATA
SHIFT
D0
TXD
TI
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
TB8
START BIT
STOP BIT
RECEIVE
STOP BIT GEN
RX
CLOCK
÷16 RESET
RXD
START BIT
BIT DETECTOR SAMPLE TIMES
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
RB8
STOP
BIT
SHIFT
RI
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17.6
Framing Error Detection
In addition to all of its usual modes, the UART can perform framing error detection by looking for
missing stop bits, and automatic address recognition. When used for framing error detect, the
UART looks for missing stop bits in the communication. A missing bit will set the FE bit in the
SCON register. The FE bit shares the SCON.7 bit with SM0 and the function of SCON.7 is determined by PCON.6 (SMOD0). If SMOD0 is set then SCON.7 functions as FE. SCON.7 functions
as SM0 when SMOD0 is cleared. When used as FE, SCON.7 can only be cleared by software.
17.7
Automatic Address Recognition
Automatic Address Recognition is a feature which allows the UART to recognize certain
addresses in the serial bit stream by using hardware to make the comparisons. This feature
saves a great deal of software overhead by eliminating the need for the software to examine
every serial address which passes by the serial port. This feature is enabled by setting the SM2
bit in SCON. In the 9th bit UART modes, Mode 2 and Mode 3, the Receive Interrupt flag (RI) will
be automatically set when the received byte contains either the “Given” address or the “Broadcast” address. The 9th bit mode requires that the 9th information bit to be a “1” to indicate that
the received information is an address and not data.
The 8th bit mode is called Mode 1. In this mode the RI flag will be set if SM2 is enabled and the
information received has a valid stop bit following the 8th address bits and the information is
either a Given or Broadcast address.
Mode 0 is the Shift Register mode and SM2 is ignored.
Using the Automatic Address Recognition feature allows a master to selectively communicate
with one or more slaves by invoking the given slave address or addresses. All of the slaves may
be contacted by using the Broadcast address. Two special Function Registers are used to
define the slave’s address, SADDR, and the address mask, SADEN. SADEN is used to define
which bits in the SADDR are to be used and which bits are “don’t care”. The SADEN mask can
be logically ANDed with the SADDR to create the “Given” address which the master will use for
addressing each of the slaves. Use of the Given address allows multiple slaves to be recognized
while excluding others. The following examples show the versatility of this scheme:
Slave 0
SADDR = 1100 0000
SADEN = 1111 1101
Given = 1100 00X0
Slave 1
SADDR = 1100 0000
SADEN = 1111 1110
Given = 1100 000X
In the previous example, SADDR is the same and the SADEN data is used to differentiate
between the two slaves. Slave 0 requires a “0” in bit 0 and it ignores bit 1. Slave 1 requires a “0”
in bit 1 and bit 0 is ignored. A unique address for slave 0 would be 1100 0010 since slave 1
requires a “0” in bit 1. A unique address for slave 1 would be 1100 0001 since a “1” in bit 0 will
exclude slave 0. Both slaves can be selected at the same time by an address which has bit 0 = 0
(for slave 0) and bit 1 = 0 (for slave 1). Thus, both could be addressed with 1100 0000.
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In a more complex system, the following could be used to select slaves 1 and 2 while excluding
slave 0:
Slave 0
SADDR = 1100 0000
SADEN = 1111 1001
Given = 1100 0XX0
Slave 1
SADDR = 1110 0000
SADEN = 1111 1010
Given = 1110 0X0X
Slave 2
SADDR = 1110 0000
SADEN = 1111 1100
Given = 1110 00XX
In the above example, the differentiation among the 3 slaves is in the lower 3 address bits. Slave
0 requires that bit 0 = 0 and it can be uniquely addressed by 1110 0110. Slave 1 requires that
bit 1 = 0 and it can be uniquely addressed by 1110 and 0101. Slave 2 requires that bit 2 = 0 and
its unique address is 1110 0011. To select Slaves 0 and 1 and exclude Slave 2, use address
1110 0100, since it is necessary to make bit 2 = 1 to exclude slave 2.
The Broadcast Address for each slave is created by taking the logic OR of SADDR and SADEN.
Zeros in this result are trended as don’t cares. In most cases, interpreting the don’t cares as
ones, the broadcast address will be FF hexadecimal.
Upon reset SADDR (SFR address 0A9H) and SADEN (SFR address 0B9H) are loaded with
“0”s. This produces a given address of all “don’t cares” as well as a Broadcast address of all
“don’t cares”. This effectively disables the Automatic Addressing mode and allows the microcontroller to use standard 80C51-type UART drivers which do not make use of this feature.
18. Serial Peripheral Interface
The serial peripheral interface (SPI) allows high-speed synchronous data transfer between the
AT89LP213/214 and peripheral devices or between multiple AT89LP213/214 devices. The SPI
features include the following:
• Full-duplex, 3-wire Synchronous Data Transfer
• Master or Slave Operation
• Maximum Bit Frequency = fOSC/4
• LSB First or MSB First Data Transfer
• Four Programmable Bit Rates in Master Mode
• End of Transmission Interrupt Flag
• Write Collision Flag Protection
• Double-buffered Receive
• Double-buffered Transmit (Enhanced Mode Only)
• Wake up from Idle Mode (Slave Mode Only)
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The interconnection between master and slave CPUs with SPI is shown in Figure 18-1. The four
pins in the interface are Master-In/Slave-Out (MISO), Master-Out/Slave-In (MOSI), Shift Clock
(SCK), and Slave Select (SS). The SCK pin is the clock output in master mode, but is the clock
input in slave mode. The MSTR bit in SPCR determines the directions of MISO and MOSI. Also
notice that MOSI connects to MOSI and MISO to MISO. In master mode, SS/P1.4 is ignored and
may be used as a general-purpose input or output. In slave mode, SS must be driven low to
select an individual device as a slave. When SS is driven high, the slave’s SPI port is deactivated and the MOSI/P1.5 pin can be used as a general-purpose input.
Figure 18-1. SPI Master-slave Interconnection
MSB
Master
LSB
MISO MISO
8-Bit Shift Register
MSB
Slave
LSB
8-Bit Shift Register
MOSI MOSI
SPI
Clock Generator
SCK
SS
SCK
SS
VCC
The SPI has two modes of operation: normal (non-buffered write) and enhanced (buffered
write). In normal mode, writing to the SPI data register (SPDR) of the master CPU starts the SPI
clock generator and the data written shifts out of the MOSI pin and into the MOSI pin of the slave
CPU. Transmission may start after an initial delay while the clock generator waits for the next full
bit slot of the specified baud rate. After shifting one byte, the SPI clock generator stops, setting
the end of transmission flag (SPIF) and transferring the received byte to the read buffer (SPDR).
If both the SPI interrupt enable bit (SPIE) and the serial port interrupt enable bit (ES) are set, an
interrupt is requested. Note that SPDR refers to either the write data buffer or the read data
buffer, depending on whether the access is a write or read. In normal mode, because the write
buffer is transparent (and a write access to SPDR will be directed to the shift buffer), any attempt
to write to SPDR while a transmission is in progress will result in a write collision with WCOL set.
However, the transmission will still complete normally, but the new byte will be ignored and a
new write access to SPDR will be necessary.
Enhanced mode is similar to normal mode except that the write buffer holds the next byte to be
transmitted. Writing to SPDR loads the write buffer and sets WCOL to signify that the buffer is
full and any further writes will overwrite the buffer. WCOL is cleared by hardware when the
buffered byte is loaded into the shift register and transmission begins. If the master SPI is
currently idle, i.e. if this is the first byte, then after loading SPDR, transmission of the byte starts
and WCOL is cleared immediately. While this byte is transmitting, the next byte may be written
to SPDR. The Load Enable flag (LDEN) in SPSR can be used to determine when transmission
has started. LDEN is asserted during the first four bit slots of a SPI transfer. The master CPU
should first check that LDEN is set and that WCOL is cleared before loading the next byte. In
enhanced mode, if WCOL is set when a transfer completes, i.e. the next byte is available, then
the SPI immediately loads the buffered byte into the shift register, resets WCOL, and continues
transmission without stopping and restarting the clock generator. As long as the CPU can keep
the write buffer full in this manner, multiple bytes may be transferred with minimal latency
between bytes.
50
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
Table 18-1.
SPCR – SPI Control Register
SPCR Address = E9H
Reset Value = 0000 0000B
Not Bit Addressable
Bit
SPIE
SPE
DORD
MSTR
CPOL
CPHA
SPR1
SPR0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Symbol
Function
SPIE
SPI interrupt enable. This bit, in conjunction with the ES bit in the IE register, enables SPI interrupts: SPIE = 1 and ES = 1
enable SPI interrupts. SPIE = 0 disables SPI interrupts.
SPE
SPI enable. SPI = 1 enables the SPI channel and connects SS, MOSI, MISO and SCK to pins P1.4, P1.5, P1.6, and P1.7.
SPI = 0 disables the SPI channel.
DORD
Data order. DORD = 1 selects LSB first data transmission. DORD = 0 selects MSB first data transmission.
MSTR
Master/slave select. MSTR = 1 selects Master SPI mode. MSTR = 0 selects slave SPI mode.
CPOL
Clock polarity. When CPOL = 1, SCK is high when idle. When CPOL = 0, SCK of the master device is low when not
transmitting. Please refer to figure on SPI clock phase and polarity control.
CPHA
Clock phase. The CPHA bit together with the CPOL bit controls the clock and data relationship between master and
slave. Please refer to figure on SPI clock phase and polarity control.
SPI clock rate select. These two bits control the SCK rate of the device configured as master. SPR1 and SPR0 have no
effect on the slave. The relationship between SCK and the oscillator frequency, FOSC., is as follows:
SPR1
SPR0
SCK
0
0
fOSC/4
0
1
fOSC/8
1
0
fOSC/32
1
1
fOSC/64
SPR0
SPR1
Notes:
1. Set up the clock mode before enabling the SPI: set all bits needed in SPCR except the SPE bit, then set SPE.
2. Enable the master SPI prior to the slave device.
3. Slave echoes master on the next Tx if not loaded with new data.
Table 18-2.
SPDR – SPI Data Register
SPDR Address = EAH
Reset Value = 00H (after cold reset)
unchanged (after warm reset)
Not Bit Addressable
Bit
SPD7
SPD6
SPD5
SPD4
SPD3
SPD2
SPD1
SPD0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
51
3538A–MICRO–7/06
Table 18-3.
SPSR – SPI Status Register
SPSR Address = E8H
Reset Value = 000X X000B
Not Bit Addressable
Bit
SPIF
WCOL
LDEN
–
–
SSIG
DISSO
ENH
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Symbol
Function
SPIF
SP interrupt flag. When a serial transfer is complete, the SPIF bit is set and an interrupt is generated if SPIE = 1 and
ES = 1. The SPIF bit is cleared by reading the SPI status register followed by reading/writing the SPI data register.
WCOL
When ENH = 0: Write collision flag. The WCOL bit is set if the SPI data register is written during a data transfer. During
data transfer, the result of reading the SPDR register may be incorrect, and writing to it has no effect. The WCOL bit
(and the SPIF bit) are cleared by reading the SPI status register followed by reading/writing the SPI data register.
When ENH = 1: WCOL works in Enhanced mode as Tx Buffer Full. Writing during WCOL = 1 in enhanced mode will
overwrite the waiting data already present in the Tx Buffer. In this mode, WCOL is no longer reset by the SPIF reset but
is reset when the write buffer has been unloaded into the serial shift register.
LDEN
Load enable for the Tx buffer in enhanced SPI mode.
When ENH is set, it is safe to load the Tx Buffer while LDEN = 1 and WCOL = 0. LDEN is high during bits 0 - 3 and is low
during bits 4 - 7 of the SPI serial byte transmission time frame.
SSIG
Slave Select Ignore. If SSIG = 0, the SPI will only operate in slave mode if SS (P1.4) is pulled low. When SSIG = 1, the
SPI ignores SS in slave mode and is active whenever SPE (SPCR.6) is set. P1.4 may be used as a regular I/O pin when
SSIG = 1.
DISSO
Disable slave output bit.
When set, this bit causes the MISO pin to be tri-stated so more than one slave device can share the same interface with
a single master. Normally, the first byte in a transmission could be the slave address and only the selected slave should
clear its DISSO bit.
ENH
Enhanced SPI mode select bit. When ENH = 0, SPI is in normal mode, i.e. without write double buffering.
When ENH = 1, SPI is in enhanced mode with write double buffering. The Tx buffer shares the same address with the
SPDR register.
52
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
Figure 18-2. SPI Shift Register Diagram
7
Serial In
Serial Master
8
2:1
MUX
D
Serial Slave
2:1
MUX
Q
D
LATCH
Q
Serial Out
LATCH
CLK
CLK
8
Parallel Master
Transmit
Byte
Parallel Slave
(Write Buffer)
8
D
(Read Buffer)
8
Q
D
LATCH
8
Q
Receive
Byte
LATCH
CLK
CLK
Figure 18-3. SPI Block Diagram
S
Oscillator
MSB
LSB
Pin Control Logic
Read Data Buffer
Divider
÷4÷8÷32÷64
Write Data Buffer
Clock
SPI Clock (Mater)
SCK
1.7
S
Clock
Logic
M
SPR0
Select
SPI Status Register
DORD
SPR0
SPR1
CPHA
CPOL
MSTR
DORD
SPI Control Register
8
SPI Interrupt
Request
SPE
8
SPIE
MSTR
SPE
WCOL
SPI Control
SPE
SS
P1.4
MSTR
SPR1
MOSI
P1.5
S
8-bit Shift Register
SPIF
MISO
P1.6
M
M
8
Internal
Data Bus
53
3538A–MICRO–7/06
The CPHA (Clock PHAse), CPOL (Clock POLarity), and SPR (Serial Peripheral clock Rate =
baud rate) bits in SPCR control the shape and rate of SCK. The two SPR bits provide four possible clock rates when the SPI is in master mode. In slave mode, the SPI will operate at the rate of
the incoming SCK as long as it does not exceed the maximum bit rate. There are also four possible combinations of SCK phase and polarity with respect to the serial data. CPHA and CPOL
determine which format is used for transmission. The SPI data transfer formats are shown in
Figures 18-4 and 18-5. To prevent glitches on SCK from disrupting the interface, CPHA, CPOL,
and SPR should not be modified while the interface is enabled, and the master device should be
enabled before the slave device(s).
Figure 18-4. SPI Transfer Format with CPHA = 0
Note:
*Not defined but normally MSB of character just received.
Figure 18-5. SPI Transfer Format with CPHA = 1
SCK CYCLE #
(FOR REFERENCE)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
SCK (CPOL = 0)
SCK (CPOL = 1)
MOSI
(FROM MASTER)
MISO
(FROM SLAVE)
*
MSB
6
5
4
3
2
1
MSB
6
5
4
3
2
1
LSB
LSB
SS (TO SLAVE)
Note:
54
*Not defined but normally LSB of previously transmitted character.
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
19. Analog Comparator
A single analog comparator is provided on the AT89LP213/214. The analog comparator has the
following features:
• Comparator Output Flag and Interrupt
• Selectable Interrupt Condition
– High- or Low-level
– Rising- or Falling-edge
– Output Toggle
• Hardware Debouncing Modes
Comparator operation is such that the output is a logic “1” when the positive input AIN0 (P1.0]) is
greater than the negative input AIN1 (P1.1). Otherwise the output is a zero. Setting the CEN bit
in ACSR enables the comparator. When the comparator is first enabled, the comparator output
and interrupt flag are not guaranteed to be stable for 10 µs. The corresponding comparator interrupt should not be enabled during that time, and the comparator interrupt flag must be cleared
before the interrupt is enabled in order to prevent an immediate interrupt service. Before
enabling the comparator the analog inputs should be tristated by putting P1.0 and P1.1 into
input-only mode. See “Port 1 Analog Functions” on page 25.
The comparator may be configured to cause an interrupt under a variety of output value conditions by setting the CM bits in ACSR. The comparator interrupt flag CF in ACSR is set whenever
the comparator output matches the condition specified by CM. The flag may be polled by software or may be used to generate an interrupt and must be cleared by software.
19.1
Comparator Interrupt with Debouncing
The comparator output is sampled every clock cycle. The conditions on the analog inputs may
be such that the comparator output will toggle excessively. This is especially true if applying slow
moving analog inputs. Three debouncing modes are provided to filter out this noise. In debouncing mode, the comparator uses Timer 1 to modulate its sampling time. When a relevant
transition occurs, the comparator waits until two Timer 1 overflows have occurred before resampling the output. If the new sample agrees with the expected value, CF is set. Otherwise, the
event is ignored. The filter may be tuned by adjusting the time-out period of Timer 1. Because
Timer 1 is free running, the debouncer must wait for two overflows to guarantee that the sampling delay is at least 1 time-out period. Therefore, after the initial edge event, the interrupt may
occur between 1 and 2 time-out periods later. See Figure 19-1 on page 55.
By default the comparator is disabled during Idle mode. To allow the comparator to function during Idle, the CIDL bit is ACSR must be set. When CIDL is set, the comparator can be used to
wake-up the CPU from Idle if the comparator interrupt is enabled. The comparator is always disabled during Power-down mode.
Figure 19-1. Negative Edge with Debouncing Example
Comparator Out
Timer 1 Overflow
CF
Start
Compare
Start
Compare
55
3538A–MICRO–7/06
Table 19-1.
ACSR – Analog Comparator Control & Status Register
ACSR = 97H
Reset Value = XXX0 0000B
Not Bit Addressable
Bit
–
–
CIDL
CF
CEN
CM3
CM1
CM0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Symbol
Function
CIDL
Comparator Idle Enable. If CIDL = 1 the comparator will continue to operate during Idle mode. If CIDL = 0 the
comparator is powered down during Idle mode. The comparator is always shut down during Power-down mode.
CF
Comparator Interrupt Flag. Set when the comparator output meets the conditions specified by the CM [2:0] bits and CEN
is set. The flag must be cleared by software. The interrupt may be enabled/disabled by setting/clearing bit 6 of IE.
CEN
Comparator Enable. Set this bit to enable the comparator. Clearing this bit will force the comparator output low and
prevent further events from setting CF. When CEN = 1 the analog input pins, P1.0 and P1.1, have their digital inputs
disabled.
CM [2:0]
Comparator Interrupt Mode
Note:
56
CM2
CM1
CM0
Interrupt Mode
0
0
0
Negative (Low) level
0
0
1
Positive edge
0
1
0
Toggle with debouncing(1)
0
1
1
Positive edge with debouncing(1)
1
0
0
Negative edge
1
0
1
Toggle
1
1
0
Negative edge with debouncing(1)
1
1
1
Positive (High) level
1. Debouncing modes require the use of Timer 1 to generate the sampling delay.
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
20. Programmable Watchdog Timer
The programmable Watchdog Timer (WDT) protects the system from incorrect execution by triggering a system reset when it times out after the software has failed to feed the timer prior to the
timer overflow. By Default the WDT counts CPU clock cycles. The prescaler bits, PS0, PS1 and
PS2 in SFR WDTCON are used to set the period of the Watchdog Timer from 16K to 2048K
clock cycles. The Timer Prescaler can also be used to lengthen the time-out period (see Table
9-2 on page 13) The WDT is disabled by Reset and during Power-down mode. When the WDT
times out without being serviced, an internal RST pulse is generated to reset the CPU. See
Table 20-1 for the available WDT period selections.
Table 20-1.
Watchdog Timer Time-out Period Selection
WDT Prescaler Bits
Note:
PS2
PS1
PS0
Period(1)
(Clock Cycles)
0
0
0
16K
0
0
1
32K
0
1
0
64K
0
1
1
128K
1
0
0
256K
1
0
1
512K
1
1
0
1024K
1
1
1
2048K
1. The WDT time-out period is dependent on the system clock frequency.
( PS + 14 )
2
Time-out Period = ------------------------------------------------------- × ( TPS + 1 )
Oscillator Frequency
The Watchdog Timer consists of a 14-bit timer with 7-bit programmable prescaler. Writing the
sequence 1EH/E1H to the WDTRST register enables the timer. When the WDT is enabled, the
WDTEN bit in WDTCON will be set to “1”. To prevent the WDT from generating a reset when if
overflows, the watchdog feed sequence must be written to WDTRST before the end of the timeout period. To feed the watchdog, two write instructions must be sequentially executed successfully. Between the two write instructions, SFR reads are allowed, but writes are not allowed. The
instructions should move 1EH to the WDTRST register and then 1EH to the WDTRST register.
An incorrect feed or enable sequence will cause an immediate watchdog reset. The program
sequence to feed or enable the watchdog timer is as follows:
MOV WDTRST, #01Eh
MOV WDTRST, #0E1h
57
3538A–MICRO–7/06
20.1
Software Reset
A Software Reset of the AT89LP213/214 is accomplished by writing the software reset
sequence 5AH/A5H to the WDTRST SFR. The WDT does not need to be enabled to generate
the software reset. A normal software reset will set the SWRST flag in WDTCON. However, if at
any time an incorrect sequence is written to WDTRST (i.e. anything other than 1EH/E1H or
5AH/A5H), a software reset will immediately be generated and both the SWRST and WDTOVF
flags will be set. In this manner an intentional software reset may be distinguished from a software error-generated reset. The program sequence to generate a software reset is as follows:
MOV WDTRST, #05Ah
MOV WDTRST, #0A5h
Table 20-2.
WDTCON – Watchdog Control Register
WDTCON Address = A7H
Reset Value = 0000 X000B
Not Bit Addressable
PS2
PS1
PS0
WDIDLE
–
SWRST
WDTOVF
WDTEN
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Bit
Symbol
Function
PS2
PS1
PS0
Prescaler bits for the watchdog timer (WDT). When all three bits are cleared to 0, the watchdog timer has a nominal
period of 16K clock cycles. When all three bits are set to 1, the nominal period is 2048K clock cycles.
WDIDLE
Disable/enable the Watchdog Timer in IDLE mode. When WDIDLE = 0, WDT continues to count in IDLE mode. When
WDIDLE = 1, WDT freezes while the device is in IDLE mode.
SWRST
Software Reset Flag. Set when a software reset is generated by writing the sequence 5AH/A5H to WDTRST. Also set
when an incorrect sequence is written to WDTRST. Must be cleared by software.
WDTOVF
Watchdog Overflow Flag. Set when a WDT rest is generated by the WDT timer overflow. Also set when an incorrect
sequence is written to WDTRST. Must be cleared by software.
WDTEN
Watchdog Enable Flag. This bit is READ-ONLY and reflects the status of the WDT (whether it is running or not). The
WDT is disabled after any reset and must be re-enabled by writing 1EH/E1H to WDTRST
Table 20-3.
WDTRST – Watchdog Reset Register
WDTCON Address = A6H
(Write-Only)
Not Bit Addressable
Bit
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
The WDT is enabled by writing the sequence 1EH/E1H to the WDTRST SFR. The current status may be checked by reading
the WDTEN bit in WDTCON. To prevent the WDT from resetting the device, the same sequence 1EH/E1H must be written to
WDTRST before the time-out interval expires. A software reset is generated by writing the sequence 5AH/A5H to WDTRST.
58
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
21. Instruction Set Summary
The AT89LP213/214 is fully binary compatible with the MCS-51 instruction set. The difference
between the AT89LP213/214 and the standard 8051 is the number of cycles required to execute
an instruction. Instructions in the AT89LP213/214 may take 1, 2, 3 or 4 clock cycles to complete.
The execution times of most instructions may be computed using Table 21-1.
Table 21-1.
Instruction Execution Times and Exceptions
Generic Instruction Types
Cycle Count Formula
Most arithmetic, logical, bit and transfer instructions
# bytes
Branches and Calls
# bytes + 1
Single Byte Indirect (i.e. ADD A, @Ri, etc.)
2
RET, RETI
4
MOVC
3
MOVX
4
MUL
2
DIV
4
INC DPTR
2
Clock Cycles
Arithmetic
Bytes
8051
AT89LP
Hex Code
ADD A, Rn
1
12
1
28-2F
ADD A, direct
2
12
2
25
ADD A, @Ri
1
12
2
26-27
ADD A, #data
2
12
2
24
ADDC A, Rn
1
12
1
38-3F
ADDC A, direct
2
12
2
35
ADDC A, @Ri
1
12
2
36-37
ADDC A, #data
2
12
2
34
SUBB A, Rn
1
12
1
98-9F
SUBB A, direct
2
12
2
95
SUBB A, @Ri
1
12
2
96-97
SUBB A, #data
2
12
2
94
INC Rn
1
12
1
08-0F
INC direct
2
12
2
05
INC @Ri
1
12
2
06-07
INC A
2
12
2
04
DEC Rn
1
12
1
18-1F
DEC direct
2
12
2
15
DEC @Ri
1
12
2
16-17
DEC A
2
12
2
14
59
3538A–MICRO–7/06
Table 21-1.
Instruction Execution Times and Exceptions (Continued)
Clock Cycles
Arithmetic
Bytes
8051
AT89LP
Hex Code
INC DPTR
1
24
2
A3
MUL AB
1
48
2
A4
DIV AB
1
48
4
84
DA A
1
12
1
D4
Clock Cycles
60
Logical
Bytes
8051
AT89LP
Hex Code
CLR A
1
12
1
E4
CPL A
1
12
1
F4
ANL A, Rn
1
12
1
58-5F
ANL A, direct
2
12
2
55
ANL A, @Ri
1
12
2
56-57
ANL A, #data
2
12
2
54
ANL direct, A
2
12
2
52
ANL direct, #data
3
24
3
53
ORL A, Rn
1
12
1
48-4F
ORL A, direct
2
12
2
45
ORL A, @Ri
1
12
2
46-47
ORL A, #data
2
12
2
44
ORL direct, A
2
12
2
42
ORL direct, #data
3
24
3
43
XRL A, Rn
1
12
1
68-6F
XRL A, direct
2
12
2
65
XRL A, @Ri
1
12
2
66-67
XRL A, #data
2
12
2
64
XRL direct, A
2
12
2
62
XRL direct, #data
3
24
3
63
RL A
1
12
1
23
RLC A
1
12
1
33
RR A
1
12
1
03
RRC A
1
12
1
13
SWAP A
1
12
1
C4
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
Table 21-1.
Instruction Execution Times and Exceptions (Continued)
Clock Cycles
Data Transfer
Bytes
8051
AT89LP
Hex Code
MOV A, Rn
1
12
1
E8-EF
MOV A, direct
2
12
2
E5
MOV A, @Ri
1
12
2
E6-E7
MOV A, #data
2
12
2
74
MOV Rn, A
1
12
1
F8-FF
MOV Rn, direct
2
24
2
A8-AF
MOV Rn, #data
2
12
2
78-7F
MOV direct, A
2
12
2
F5
MOV direct, Rn
2
24
2
88-8F
MOV direct, direct
3
24
3
85
MOV direct, @Ri
2
24
2
86-87
MOV direct, #data
3
24
3
75
MOV @Ri, A
1
12
1
F6-F7
MOV @Ri, direct
2
24
2
A6-A7
MOV @Ri, #data
2
12
2
76-77
MOV DPTR, #data16
3
24
3
90
MOVC A, @A+DPTR
1
24
3
93
MOVC A, @A+PC
1
24
3
83
MOVX A, @Ri
1
24
4
E2-E3
MOVX A, @DPTR
1
24
4
E0
MOVX @Ri, A
1
24
4
F2-F3
MOVX @DPTR, A
1
24
4
F0
PUSH direct
2
24
2
C0
POP direct
2
24
2
D0
XCH A, Rn
1
12
1
C8-CF
XCH A, direct
2
12
2
C5
XCH A, @Ri
1
12
2
C6-C7
XCHD A, @Ri
1
12
2
D6-D7
CLR C
1
12
1
C3
CLR bit
2
12
2
C2
SETB C
1
12
1
D3
SETB bit
2
12
2
D2
CPL C
1
12
1
B3
CPL bit
2
12
2
B2
ANL C, bit
2
24
2
82
61
3538A–MICRO–7/06
Table 21-1.
Instruction Execution Times and Exceptions (Continued)
Clock Cycles
Bit Operations
Bytes
8051
AT89LP
Hex Code
ANL C, bit
2
24
2
B0
ORL C, bit
2
24
2
72
ORL C, /bit
2
24
2
A0
MOV C, bit
2
12
2
A2
MOV bit, C
2
24
2
92
Clock Cycles
Branching
Bytes
8051
AT89LP
Hex Code
JC rel
2
24
3
40
JNC rel
2
24
3
50
JB bit, rel
3
24
4
20
JNB bit, rel
3
24
4
30
JBC bit, rel
3
24
4
10
JZ rel
2
24
3
60
JNZ rel
2
24
3
70
SJMP rel
2
24
3
80
ACALL addr11
2
24
3
11,31,51,71,9
1,B1,D1,F1
LCALL addr16
3
24
4
12
RET
1
24
4
22
RETI
1
24
4
32
AJMP addr11
2
24
3
01,21,41,61,8
1,A1,C1,E1
LJMP addr16
3
24
4
02
JMP @A+DPTR
1
24
2
73
JMP @A+PC
2
–
3
A5 73
CJNE A, direct, rel
3
24
4
B5
CJNE A, #data, rel
3
24
4
B4
CJNE Rn, #data, rel
3
24
4
B8-BF
CJNE @Ri, #data, rel
3
24
4
B6-B7
DJNZ Rn, rel
2
24
3
D8-DF
DJNZ direct, rel
3
24
4
D5
NOP
1
12
1
00
2
–
2
A5 00
(1)
(1)
BREAK
Note:
62
1. This escaped instruction is an extension to the instruction set.
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
22. On-chip Debug System
The AT89LP213/214 On-chip Debug (OCD) System uses a two-wire serial interface to control
program flow; read, modify, and write the system state; and program the nonvolatile memory.
The OCD System has the following features:
• Complete program flow control
• Read-modify-write access to all internal SFRs and data memories
• Four hardware program address breakpoints
• Unlimited program software breakpoints using BREAK instruction
• Break on stack overflow/underflow
• Break on Watchdog overflow
• Non-intrusive operation
• Programming of nonvolatile memory
22.1
Physical Interface
The On-chip Debug System uses a two-wire synchronous serial interface to establish communication between the target device and the controlling emulator system. The OCD interface is
controlled by two User Fuses. OCD is enabled by clearing the OCD Enable Fuse. When OCD is
enabled, the RST port pin is configured as an input for the Debug Clock (DCL). Either the XTAL1
or XTAL2 pin is configured as a bi-directional data line for the Debug Data (DDA) depending on
the clock source selected. If the External Clock is selected, XTAL2 is configured as DDA. If the
Internal RC Oscillator is selected, XTAL1 is configured as DDA. The OCD device connections
are shown in Figure 22-1. When OCD is enabled, the type of interface used depends on the
OCD Interface Select User Fuse. This fuse selects between a normal two-wire interface (TWI)
and a fast two-wire interface (FTWI). It is the duty of the user to program this fuse to the correct
setting for their debug system at the same time they enable OCD (see “User Configuration
Fuses” on page 71).
Figure 22-1. AT89LP213/214 On-chip Debug Connections
VCC
VCC
DCL
P1.3/RST
DCL
P1.3/RST
DDA
XTAL1
CLK
XTAL1
GND
CLK = Internal RC
XTAL2
DDA
GND
CLK = External Clock
When designing a system where On-chip Debug will be used, the following observations must
be considered for correct operation:
• P1.3/RST cannot be connected directly to VCC and any external capacitors connect to RST
must be removed.
• All external reset sources must be removed.
• The quartz crystal and any capacitors on XTAL1 or XTAL2 must be removed and an external
clock signal must be driven on XTAL1 if the user does not wish to use the internal RC
oscillator. Some emulator systems may provide a user-configurable clock for this purpose.
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3538A–MICRO–7/06
22.2
Software Breakpoints
The AT89LP213/214 microcontroller includes a BREAK instruction for implementing program
memory breakpoints in software. A software breakpoint can be inserted manually by placing the
BREAK instruction in the program code. Some emulator systems may allow for automatic insertion/deletion of software breakpoints. The Flash memory must be re-programmed each time a
software breakpoint is changed. Frequent insertions/deletions of software breakpoints will
reduce the data retention of the nonvolatile memory. Devices used for debugging purposes
should not be shipped to end customers. The BREAK instruction is treated as a two-cycle NOP
when OCD is disabled.
22.3
Limitations of On-chip Debug
The AT89LP213/214 is a low-cost, low-pincount yet fully-featured microcontroller that multiplexes several functions on its limited I/O pins. Some device functionality must be sacrificed to
provide resources for On-chip Debugging. The On-chip Debug System has the following
limitations:
• The Debug Clock pin (DCL) is physically located on that same pin as Port Pin P1.3 and the
External Reset (RST). Therefore, neither P1.3 nor an external reset source may be emulated
when OCD is enabled.
• The Debug Data pin (DDA) is physically located on either the XTAL1/P3.2 or XTAL2/P3.3 pin.
The crystal oscillator is therefore not supported during debug. The user must select either the
Internal RC Oscillator or the External Clock source to provide the system clock. Devices
fused for the crystal oscillator will default to external clock mode when OCD is enabled.
• When using the Internal RC Oscillator during debug, DDA is located on the XTAL1/P3.2 pin.
The INT0 function cannot be emulated in this mode.
• When using the External Clock during debug, DDA is located on the XTAL2/P3.3 pin and the
system clock drives XTAL1/P3.2. The INT0, INT1 and CLKOUT functions cannot be
emulated in this mode.
• The AT89LP213/214 does not support In-Application Programming and therefore the device
must be reset before changing the program code during debugging. This includes the
insertion/deletion of software breakpoints.
• When using the watchdog to generate a break, the state of the watchdog will not be reset. An
OCD reset command should be sent to the device prior to resuming normal execution to
ensure correct watchdog behavior.
64
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
23. Programming the Flash Memory
The Atmel AT89LP213/214 microcontroller features 2KB of on-chip In-System Programmable
Flash program memory. In-System Programming (ISP) allows programming and reprogramming
of the microcontroller positioned inside the end system. Using a simple 4-wire SPI interface, the
In-System programmer communicates serially with the AT89LP213/214 microcontroller, reprogramming all nonvolatile memories on the chip. In-System programming eliminates the need for
physical removal of the chips from the system. This will save time and money, both during development in the lab, and when updating the software or parameters in the field. The ISP interface
of the AT89LP213/214 includes the following features:
• Four Wire SPI Programming Interface
• Active-low Reset Entry into Programming
• Slave Select allows multiple devices on same interface
• User Signature Array
• Flexible Page Programming
• Row Erase Capability
• Page Write with Auto-Erase Commands
• Programming Status Register
For more detailed information on In-System Programming, refer to the Application Note entitled
“AT89LP In-System Programming Specification”.
23.1
Physical Interface
In-System Programming utilizes the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) pins of an AT89LP213/214
microcontroller. The SPI is a full duplex synchronous serial interface consisting of four wires:
Serial Clock (SCK), Master-In/Slave-out (MISO), Master-out/Slave-in (MOSI), and an active-low
Slave Select (SS). When programming an AT89LP213/214 device, the programmer always
operates as the SPI master, and the target system always operates as the SPI slave. To enter or
remain in In-System Programming mode the device’s reset line (RST) must be held active (low).
With the addition of VCC and GND, an AT89LP213/214 microcontroller can be programmed with
a minimum of seven connections as shown in Figure 23-1.
Figure 23-1. In-System Programming Device Connections
AT89LP213/214
Serial Clock
P1.7/SCK
Serial Out
P1.6/MISO
Serial In
P1.5/MOSI
SS
VCC
P1.4/SS
P1.3/RST
RST
GND
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3538A–MICRO–7/06
The In-System Programming Interface is the only means of externally programming the
AT89LP213/214 microcontroller. The ISP Interface can be used to program the device both insystem and in a stand-alone serial programmer. The ISP Interface does not require any clock
other than SCK and is not limited by the system clock frequency. During In-System programming the system clock source of the target device can operate normally.
When designing a system where In-System Programming will be used, the following observations must be considered for correct operation:
• The ISP interface uses the SPI clock mode 0 (CPOL = 0,CPHA = 0) exclusively with a
maximum frequency of 5 MHz.
• The AT89LP213/214 will enter programming mode only when its reset line (RST) is
active (low). To simplify this operation, it is recommended that the target reset can be
controlled by the In-System programmer. To avoid problems, the In-System programmer
should be able to keep the entire target system reset for the duration of the programming
cycle. The target system should never attempt to drive the four SPI lines while reset is active.
• The RST input may be disabled to gain an extra I/O pin. In these cases the RST pin will
always function as a reset during power up. To enter programming the RST pin must be
driven low prior to the end of Power-On Reset (POR). After POR has completed the device
will remain in ISP mode until RST is brought high. Once the initial ISP session has ended, the
power to the target device must be cycled OFF and ON to enter another session.
• The SS pin should not be left floating during reset if ISP is enabled.
• The ISP Enable Fuse must be set to allow programming during any reset period. If the ISP
Fuse is disabled, ISP may only be entered at POR.
23.2
Memory Organization
The AT89LP213/214 offers 2K bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) nonvolatile Flash code
memory. In addition, the device contains a 64-byte User Signature Array and a 32-byte readonly Atmel Signature Array. The memory organization is shown in Table 23-1 and Figure 23-2.
The memory is divided into pages of 32 bytes each. A single read or write command may only
access a single page in the memory. Each memory type resides in its own address space and is
accessed by commands specific to that memory. However, all memory types share the same
page size.
User configuration fuses are mapped as a row in the memory, with each byte representing one
fuse. From a programming standpoint, fuses are treated the same as normal code bytes except
they are not affected by Chip Erase. Fuses can be enabled at any time by writing 00h to the
appropriate locations in the fuse row. However, to disable a fuse, i.e. set it to FFh, the entire
fuse row must be erased and then reprogrammed. The programmer should read the state of all
the fuses into a temporary location, modify those fuses which need to be disabled, then issue a
Fuse Write with Auto-Erase command using the temporary data. Lock bits are treated in a similar manner to fuses except they may only be erased (unlocked) by Chip Erase.
Table 23-1.
66
Code Memory Sizes
Device #
Code Size
Page Size
# Pages
Address Range
AT89LP213
2K bytes
32 bytes
64
0000H - 07FFH
AT89LP214
2K bytes
32 bytes
64
0000H - 07FFH
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
Figure 23-2. AT89LP213/214 Memory Organization
User Fuse Row
Page 0
User Signature Array
Page 1
Atmel Signature Array
Page 0
Page 0
07FF
Page 63
Page 62
Code Memory
Page 1
Page 0
00
23.3
0000
1F
Command Format
Programming commands consist of an opcode byte, two address bytes, and zero or more data
bytes. In addition, all command packets must start with a two-byte preamble of AAH and 55H.
The preamble increases the noise immunity of the programming interface by making it more difficult to issue unintentional commands. Figure 23-3 on page 68 shows a simplified flow chart of
a command sequence.
A sample command packet is shown in Figure 23-4 on page 68. The SS pin defines the packet
frame. SS must be brought low before the first byte in a command is sent and brought back high
after the final byte in the command has been sent. The command is not complete until SS
returns high. Command bytes are issued serially on MOSI. Data output bytes are received serially on MISO. Packets of variable length are supported by returning SS high when the final
required byte has been transmitted. In some cases command bytes have a don’t care value.
Don’t care bytes in the middle of a packet must be transmitted. Don’t care bytes at the end of a
packet may be ignored.
Page oriented instructions always include a full 16-bit address. The higher order bits select the
page and the lower order bits select the byte within that page. The AT89LP213/214 allocates
5 bits for byte address and 6 bits for page address. The page to be accessed is always fixed by
the page address as transmitted. The byte address specifies the starting address for the first
data byte. After each data byte has been transmitted, the byte address is incremented to point to
the next data byte. This allows a page command to linearly sweep the bytes within a page. If the
byte address is incremented past the last byte in the page, the byte address will roll over to the
first byte in the same page. While loading bytes into the page buffer, overwriting previously
loaded bytes will result in data corruption.
For a summary of available commands, see Table 23-2 on page 69.
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3538A–MICRO–7/06
Figure 23-3. Command Sequence Flow Chart
Input Preamble 1
(AAh)
Input Preamble 2
(55h)
Input Opcode
Input Address
High Byte
Input Address
Low Byte
Input/Output
Data
Address +1
Figure 23-4. ISP Command Packet
SS
SCK
MOSI
MISO
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Preamble 1
Preamble 2
Opcode
Address High
Address Low
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Data In
X
X
X
X
X
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Data Out
68
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
Table 23-2.
Programming Command Summary
Command
Opcode
Addr High
Addr Low
Data 0
Data n
Program Enable(1)
1010 1100
0101 0011
–
–
–
Chip Erase
1000 1010
–
–
–
–
Read Status
0110 0000
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
Status Out
Load Page Buffer(2)
0101 0001
xxxx xxxx
xxxb bbbb
DataIn 0 ... DataIn n
Write Code Page(2)
0101 0000
xxxx xaaa
aaab bbbb
DataIn 0 ... DataIn n
Write Code Page with Auto-Erase(2)
0111 0000
xxxx xaaa
aaab bbbb
DataIn 0 ... DataIn n
Read Code Page(2)
0011 0000
xxxx xaaa
aaab bbbb
DataOut 0 ... DataOut n
Write User Fuses(2)(3)(4)
1110 0001
0000 0000
000b bbbb
DataIn 0 ... DataIn n
Write User Fuses with Auto-Erase(2)(3)(4)
1111 0001
0000 0000
000b bbbb
DataIn 0 ... DataIn n
Read User Fuses(2)(3)(4)
0110 0001
0000 0000
000b bbbb
DataOut 0 ... DataOut n
Write Lock Bits(2)(3)(5)
1110 0100
0000 0000
000b bbbb
DataIn 0 ... DataIn n
Read Lock Bits(2)(3)(5)
0110 0100
0000 0000
000b bbbb
DataOut 0 ... DataOut n
Write User Signature Page(2)
0101 0010
xxxx xxxx
xaab bbbb
DataIn 0 ... DataIn n
Write User Signature Page with Auto-Erase(2)
0111 0010
xxxx xxxx
xaab bbbb
DataIn 0 ... DataIn n
Read User Signature Page(2)
0011 0010
xxxx xxxx
xaab bbbb
DataOut 0 ... DataOut n
Read Atmel Signature Page(2)(6)
0011 1000
xxxx xxxx
xxxb bbbb
DataOut 0 ... DataOut n
Notes:
1. Program Enable must be the first command issued after entering into programming mode.
2. Any number of Data bytes from 1 to 32 may be written/read. The internal address is incremented between each byte.
3. Each byte address selects one fuse or lock bit. Data bytes must be 00h or FFh.
4. See Table 23-5 on page 71 for Fuse definitions.
5. See Table 23-4 on page 70 for Lock Bit definitions.
6. Atmel Signature Bytes:
AT89LP213:
Address
00H = 1EH
01H = 27H
02H = FFH
AT89LP214:
Address
00H = 1EH
01H = 28H
02H = FFH
7. Symbol Key:
a:
Page Address Bit
b:
Byte Address Bit
x:
Don’t Care Bit
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3538A–MICRO–7/06
23.4
Status Register
The current state of the memory may be accessed by reading the status register. The status register is shown in Table 23-3.
Table 23-3.
Bit
Status Register
–
–
–
–
LOAD
SUCCESS
WRTINH
BUSY
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Symbol
Function
LOAD
Load flag. Cleared low by the load page buffer command and set high by the next memory write. This flag signals that
the page buffer was previously loaded with data by the load page buffer command.
SUCCESS
Success flag. Cleared low at the start of a programming cycle and will only be set high if the programming cycle
completes without interruption from the brownout detector.
WRTINH
Write Inhibit flag. Cleared low by the brownout detector (BOD) whenever programming is inhibited due to VCC falling
below the minimum required programming voltage. If a BOD episode occurs during programming, the SUCCESS flag
will remain low after the cycle is complete. WRTINH low also forces BUSY low.
BUSY
Busy flag. Cleared low whenever the memory is busy programming or if write is currently inhibited.
23.5
DATA Polling
The AT89LP213/214 implements DATA polling to indicate the end of a programming cycle.
While the device is busy, any attempted read of the last byte written will return the data byte with
the MSB complemented. Once the programming cycle has completed, the true value will be
accessible. During Erase the data is assumed to be FFH and DATA polling will return 7FH.
When writing multiple bytes in a page, the DATA value will be the last data byte loaded before
programming begins, not the written byte with the highest physical address within the page.
23.6
Flash Security
The AT89LP213/214 provides two Lock Bits for Flash Code Memory security. Lock bits can be
left unprogrammed (FFh) or programmed (00h) to obtain the protection levels listed in Table 234. Lock bits can only be erased (set to FFh) by Chip Erase. Lock bit mode 2 disables programming of all memory spaces, including the User Signature Array and User Configuration Fuses.
User fuses must be programmed before enabling Lock bit mode 2 or 3. Lock bit mode 3 implemented mode 2 and also blocks reads from the code memory; however, reads of the User
Signature Array, Atmel Signature Array, and User Configuration Fuses are still allowed.
Table 23-4.
Lock Bit Protection Modes
Program Lock Bits (by address)
70
Mode
00h
01h
Protection Mode
1
FFh
FFh
No program lock features
2
00h
FFh
Further programming of the Flash is disabled
3
00h
00h
Further programming of the Flash is disabled and verify
(read) is also disabled; OCD is disabled
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
23.7
User Configuration Fuses
The AT89LP213/214 includes 19 user fuses for configuration of the device. Each fuse is
accessed at a separate address in the User Fuse Row as listed in Table 23-5. Fuses are cleared
by programming 00h to their locations. Programming FFh to fuse location will cause that fuse to
maintain its previous state. To set a fuse (set to FFh) the fuse row must be erased and then
reprogrammed using the Fuse Write with Auto-erase command. The default state for all fuses is
FFh.
Table 23-5.
Address
User Configuration Fuse Definitions
Fuse Name
Description
Selects source for the system clock:
00 – 01h
Clock Source – CS[0:1](2)
CS1
CS0
Selected Source
00h
00h
Crystal Oscillator (XTAL)
00h
FFh
Reserved
FFh
00h
External Clock on XTAL1 (XCLK)
FFh
FFh
Internal RC Oscillator (IRC)
Selects time-out delay for the POR/BOD/PWD wake-up period:
Start-up Time – SUT[0:1]
SUT1
SUT0
Selected Time-out
00h
00h
1 ms (XTAL); 16 µs (XCLK/IRC)
00h
FFh
2 ms (XTAL); 512 µs (XCLK/IRC)
FFh
00h
4 ms (XTAL); 1 ms (XCLK/IRC)
FFh
FFh
16 ms (XTAL); 4 ms (XCLK/IRC)
02 – 03h
04h
Reset Pin Enable(3)
FFh: RST pin functions as reset
00h: RST pin functions as general purpose I/O
05h
Brown-out Detector Enable
FFh: Brown-out Detector Enabled
00h: Brown-out Detector Disabled
06h
On-chip Debug Enable
FFh: On-chip Debug Disabled
00h: On-chip Debug Enabled
07h
ISP Enable(3)
FFh: In-System Programming Enabled
00h: In-System Programming Disabled (Enabled at POR only)
08 – 0FH
RC Oscillator Frequency
Adjustment [0:7]
Adjusts the frequency of the internal RC oscillator.
10H
User Signature Programming
FFh: Programming of User Signature Disabled
00h: Programming of User Signature Enabled
11H
Tristate Ports
FFh: I/O Ports start in input-only mode (tristated) after reset
00h: I/O Ports start in quasi-bidirectional mode after reset
12H
OCD Interface Select
FFh: Normal two-wire interface
00h: Fast two-wire interface
Notes:
1. The default state for all fuses is FFh.
2. Changes to these fuses will only take effect after a device POR.
3. Changes to these fuses will only take effect after the ISP session terminates by bringing RST high.
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3538A–MICRO–7/06
23.8
Programming Interface Timing
This section details general system timing sequences and constraints for entering or exiting InSystem Programming as well as parameters related to the Serial Peripheral Interface during
ISP. The general timing parameters for the following waveform figures are listed in Section
23.8.6 ”Timing Parameters” on page 75.
23.8.1
Power-up Sequence
Execute this sequence to enter programming mode immediately after power-up. In the RST pin
is disabled or if the ISP Fuse is disabled, this is the only method to enter programming (see Section 10.3 ”External Reset” on page 15).
1. Apply power between VCC and GND pins. RST should remain low.
2. Wait at least tPWRUP. and drive SS high.
3. Wait at least tSUT for the internal Power-on Reset to complete. The value of tSUT will
depend on the current settings of the device.
4. Start programming session.
Figure 23-5. Serial Programming Power-up Sequence
VCC
tPWRUP
RST
tPOR + tSUT
SS
tZSS
SCK
23.8.2
MISO
HIGH Z
MOSI
HIGH Z
Power-down Sequence
Execute this sequence to power-down the device after programming.
1. Drive SCK low.
2. Wait at least tSSD and bring SS high.
3. Tristate MOSI.
4. Wait at least tSSZ and then tristate SS and SCK.
5. Wait no more than tPWRDN and power off VCC.
Figure 23-6. Serial Programming Power-down Sequence
VCC
tPWRDN
RST
SS
SCK
72
tSSD
tSSZ
MISO
HIGH Z
MOSI
HIGH Z
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
23.8.3
ISP Start Sequence
Execute this sequence to exit CPU execution mode and enter ISP mode when the device has
passed Power-on Reset and is already operational.
1. Drive RST low.
2. Drive SS high.
3. Wait tRLZ + tSTL.
4. Start programming session.
Figure 23-7. In-System Programming (ISP) Start Sequence
tRLZ
VCC
XTAL1
RST
tSTL
SS
tZSS
tSSE
SCK
23.8.4
MISO
HIGH Z
MOSI
HIGH Z
ISP Exit Sequence
Execute this sequence to exit ISP mode and resume CPU execution mode.
1. Drive SCK low.
1. Wait at least tSSD and drive SS high.
2. Tristate MOSI.
3. Wait at least tSSZ and bring RST high.
4. Tristate SCK.
5. Wait tRHZ and tristate SS.
Figure 23-8. In-System Programming (ISP) Exit Sequence
VCC
XTAL1
RST
tSSZ
SS
SCK
Note:
tRHZ
tSSD
MISO
HIGH Z
MOSI
HIGH Z
The waveforms on this page are not to scale.
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3538A–MICRO–7/06
23.8.5
Serial Peripheral Interface
The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a byte-oriented full duplex synchronous serial communication channel. During In-System programming the programmer always acts as the SPI master
and the target device always acts as the SPI slave. The target device receives serial data on
MOSI and outputs serial data on MISO. The Programming Interface implements a standard
SPI Port with a fixed data order and For In-System programming, bytes are transferred MSB first
as shown in Figure 23-9. The SCK phase and polarity follow SPI clock mode 0 (CPOL = 0,
CPHA = 0) where bits are sampled on the rising edge of SCK and output on the falling edge of
SCK. For more detailed timing information see Figure 23-10.
Figure 23-9. ISP Byte Sequence
SCK
MOSI
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
MISO
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Data Sampled
Figure 23-10. Serial Programming Interface Timing
SS
tSCK
tSSE
tSHSL
SCK
tSOE
tSR
tSSD
tSF
tSLSH
tSOV
tSOX
tSOH
MISO
tSIS
tSIH
MOSI
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AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
23.8.6
Timing Parameters
The timing parameters for Figure 23-5, Figure 23-6, Figure 23-7, Figure 23-8, and Figure 23-10
are shown in Table 23-6.
Table 23-6.
Symbol
Programming Interface Timing Parameters
Parameter
Min
Max
Units
60
ns
tCLCL
System Clock Cycle Time
0
tPWRUP
Power On to SS High Time
10
tPOR
Power-on Reset Time
µs
100
µs
1
µs
2 tCLCL
ns
tPWRDN
SS Tristate to Power Off
tRLZ
RST Low to I/O Tristate
tCLCL
tSTL
RST Low Settling Time
100
tRHZ
RST High to SS Tristate
0
tSCK
Serial Clock Cycle Time
200(1)
ns
tSHSL
Clock High Time
75
ns
tSLSH
Clock Low Time
50
ns
ns
2 tCLCL
ns
tSR
Rise Time
25
ns
tSF
Fall Time
25
ns
tSIS
Serial Input Setup Time
10
ns
tSIH
Serial Input Hold Time
10
ns
tSOH
Serial Output Hold Time
10
ns
tSOV
Serial Output Valid Time
35
ns
tSOE
Output Enable Time
10
ns
tSOX
Output Disable Time
25
ns
tSSE
SS Enable Lead Time
tSLSH
ns
tSSD
SS Disable Lag Time
tSLSH
ns
tZSS
SCK Setup to SS Low
25
ns
tSSZ
SCK Hold after SS High
25
ns
tWR
Write Cycle Time
2.5
ms
tAWR
Write Cycle with Auto-Erase Time
5
ms
tERS
Chip Erase Cycle Time
7.5
ms
Note:
1. tSCK is independent of tCLCL.
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3538A–MICRO–7/06
24. Electrical Characteristics
24.1
Absolute Maximum Ratings*
Operating Temperature ................................... -40°C to +85°C
*NOTICE:
Storage Temperature ..................................... -65°C to +150°C
Voltage on Any Pin with Respect to Ground......-0.7V to +5.5V
Maximum Operating Voltage ............................................ 5.5V
DC Output Current...................................................... 15.0 mA
24.2
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute
Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and
functional operation of the device at these or any
other conditions beyond those indicated in the
operational sections of this specification is not
implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating
conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
DC Characteristics
TA = -40°C to 85°C, VCC = 2.4V to 5.5V (unless otherwise noted)
Symbol
Parameter
VIL
Input Low-voltage
VIH
Input High-voltage
Condition
(1)
VOL
Output Low-voltage
(Ports 1, 3)
VOH
Output High-voltage (Ports 1, 3)
With Weak Pull-ups Enabled
0.2 VCC - 0.1
V
0.2 VCC + 0.9
VCC + 0.5
V
0.5
V
IOH = -30 µA
0.75 VCC
V
IOH = -12 µA
0.9 VCC
V
IOH = -10 mA, TA = 85°C
IIL
Logic 0 Input Current
(Ports 1, 3)
VIN = 0.45V
ITL
Logic 1 to 0 Transition Current
(Ports 1, 3)
VIN = 2V, VCC = 5V ± 10%
ILI
Input Leakage Current
(Port P1.0, P1.1)
0 < VIN < VCC
VOS
Comparator Input Offset Voltage
VCC = 5V
VCM
Comparator Input Common
Mode Voltage
RRST
Reset Pull-down Resistor
CIO
Pin Capacitance
0.9 VCC
-50
µA
-750
µA
±10
µA
20
mV
0
VCC
V
50
150
KΩ
10
pF
5.5/3.5
mA
Idle Mode, 12 MHz, VCC = 5.5V/3V
P1.0 & P1.1 = 0V or VCC
1.2/1
mA
VCC = 5.5V, P1.0 & P1.1 = 0V or VCC
100
µA
VCC = 3V, P1.0 & P1.1 = 0V or VCC
20
µA
Test Freq. = 1 MHz, TA = 25°C
Active Mode, 12 MHz, VCC = 5.5V/3V
Notes:
-0.5
V
Output High-voltage (Ports 1, 3)
With Strong Pull-ups Enabled
Power-down Mode(2)
Units
2.4
VOH1
ICC
Max
IOL = 10 mA, VCC = 2.7V, TA = 85°C
IOH = -80 µA, VCC = 5V ± 10%
Power Supply Current
Min
1. Under steady state (non-transient) conditions, IOL must be externally limited as follows:
Maximum IOL per port pin: 10 mA
Maximum total IOL for all output pins: 15 mA
If IOL exceeds the test condition, VOL may exceed the related specification. Pins are not guaranteed to sink current greater
than the listed test conditions.
2. Minimum VCC for Power-down is 2V.
76
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
24.3
Serial Peripheral Interface Timing
Table 24-1.
SPI Master Characteristics
Symbol
Parameter
Min
tCLCL
Oscillator Period
41.6
ns
tSCK
Serial Clock Cycle Time
4tCLCL
ns
tSHSL
Clock High Time
tSCK/2 - 25
ns
tSLSH
Clock Low Time
tSCK/2 - 25
ns
tSR
Rise Time
25
ns
tSF
Fall Time
25
ns
tSIS
Serial Input Setup Time
10
ns
tSIH
Serial Input Hold Time
10
ns
tSOH
Serial Output Hold Time
10
ns
tSOV
Serial Output Valid Time
35
ns
Max
Units
Table 24-2.
Max
Units
SPI Slave Characteristics
Symbol
Parameter
Min
tCLCL
Oscillator Period
41.6
ns
tSCK
Serial Clock Cycle Time
4tCLCL
ns
tSHSL
Clock High Time
1.5 tCLCL - 25
ns
tSLSH
Clock Low Time
1.5 tCLCL - 25
ns
tSR
Rise Time
25
ns
tSF
Fall Time
25
ns
tSIS
Serial Input Setup Time
10
ns
tSIH
Serial Input Hold Time
10
ns
tSOH
Serial Output Hold Time
10
ns
tSOV
Serial Output Valid Time
35
ns
tSOE
Output Enable Time
10
ns
tSOX
Output Disable Time
25
ns
tSSE
Slave Enable Lead Time
10
ns
tSSD
Slave Disable Lag Time
0
ns
77
3538A–MICRO–7/06
Figure 24-1. SPI Master Timing (CPHA = 0)
SS
tSCK
SCK
(CPOL = 0)
SCK
(CPOL = 1)
tSR
tSF
tSHSL
tSLSH
tSLSH
tSHSL
tSIS
tSIH
MISO
tSOH
tSOV
MOSI
Figure 24-2. SPI Slave Timing (CPHA = 0)
SS
tSCK
tSSE
SCK
(CPOL = 0)
SCK
(CPOL= 1)
tSR
tSHSL
tSLSH
tSLSH
tSHSL
tSOV
tSOE
tSSD
tSF
tSOX
tSOH
MISO
tSIS
tSIH
MOSI
Figure 24-3. SPI Master Timing (CPHA = 1)
SS
tSCK
SCK
(CPOL = 0)
SCK
(CPOL = 1)
tSF
tSHSL
tSLSH
tSLSH
tSHSL
tSR
tSIS
tSIH
MISO
MOSI
78
tSOH
tSOV
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
Figure 24-4. SPI Slave Timing (CPHA = 1)
SS
tSCK
tSSE
SCK
(CPOL = 0)
SCK
(CPOL = 1)
tSR
tSF
tSHSL
tSLSH
tSLSH
tSHSL
tSOE
tSOV
tSSD
tSOX
tSOH
MISO
tSIS
tSIH
MOSI
24.4
External Clock Drive
Figure 24-5. External Clock Drive Waveform
VCC = 2.4V to 5.5V
Symbol
Parameter
1/tCLCL
Min
Max
Units
Oscillator Frequency
0
20
MHz
tCLCL
Clock Period
50
ns
tCHCX
High Time
12
ns
tCLCX
Low Time
12
ns
tCLCH
Rise Time
5
ns
tCHCL
Fall Time
5
ns
79
3538A–MICRO–7/06
24.5
Serial Port Timing: Shift Register Mode Test Conditions
The values in this table are valid for VCC = 2.4V to 5.5V and Load Capacitance = 80 pF.
Variable Oscillator
Symbol
Parameter
Min
Max
Units
tXLXL
Serial Port Clock Cycle Time
2tCLCL -15
µs
tQVXH
Output Data Setup to Clock Rising Edge
tCLCL -15
ns
tXHQX
Output Data Hold after Clock Rising Edge
tCLCL -15
ns
tXHDX
Input Data Hold after Clock Rising Edge
0
ns
tXHDV
Input Data Valid to Clock Rising Edge
15
ns
Figure 24-6. Shift Register Mode Timing Waveform
CLOCK
WRITE TO SBUF
OUTPUT DATA
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
CLEAR RI
INPUT DATA
24.6
24.6.1
Note:
24.6.2
Note:
80
VALID
VALID
VALID
VALID
VALID
VALID
VALID
VALID
Test Conditions
AC Testing Input/Output Waveform(1)
1. AC Inputs during testing are driven at VCC - 0.5V for a logic “1” and 0.45V for a logic “0”. Timing measurements are made at
VIH min. for a logic “1” and VIL max. for a logic “0”.
Float Waveform(1)
1. For timing purposes, a port pin is no longer floating when a 100 mV change from load voltage occurs. A port pin begins to
float when 100 mV change from the loaded VOH/VOL level occurs.
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
24.6.3
ICC Test Condition, Active Mode, All Other Pins are Disconnected
VCC
ICC
RST
XTAL2
(NC)
CLOCK SIGNAL
24.6.4
VCC
XTAL1
VSS
ICC Test Condition, Idle Mode, All Other Pins are Disconnected
VCC
ICC
RST
XTAL2
(NC)
CLOCK SIGNAL
24.6.5
VCC
XTAL1
VSS
Clock Signal Waveform for ICC Tests in Active and Idle Modes, tCLCH = tCHCL = 5 ns
VCC - 0.5V
0.45V
0.7 VCC
tCHCX
0.2 VCC - 0.1V
tCHCL
tCLCH
tCHCX
tCLCL
24.6.6
ICC Test Condition, Power-down Mode, All Other Pins are Disconnected, VCC = 2V to 5.5V
VCC
ICC
RST
(NC)
VCC
XTAL2
XTAL1
VSS
81
3538A–MICRO–7/06
25. Ordering Information
25.1
Standard Package
Speed
(MHz)
20
25.2
Ordering Code
Package
AT89LP213-20PI
AT89LP213-20XI
14P3
14X
AT89LP214-20PI
AT89LP214-20XI
14P3
14X
2.4V to 5.5V
Operation Range
Industrial
(-40° C to 85° C)
Green Package Option (Pb/Halide-free)
Speed
(MHz)
20
Power
Supply
Power
Supply
Ordering Code
Package
AT89LP213-20PU
AT89LP213-20XU
14P3
14X
AT89LP214-20PU
AT89LP214-20XU
14P3
14X
2.4V to 5.5V
Operation Range
Industrial
(-40° C to 85° C)
Package Type
14P3
14-lead, 0.300” Wide, Plastic Dual In-line Package (PDIP)
14X
14-lead, 0.173” Wide, Plastic Thin Shrink Small Outline Package (TSSOP)
82
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
26. Packaging Information
26.1
14P3 – PDIP
D
PIN
1
E1
A
SEATING PLANE
A1
L
B
B1
e
E
COMMON DIMENSIONS
(Unit of Measure = mm)
C
eC
eB
Notes:
1. This package conforms to JEDEC reference MS-001, Variation AA.
2. Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold Flash or Protrusion.
Mold Flash or Protrusion shall not exceed 0.25 mm (0.010").
SYMBOL
MIN
NOM
MAX
A
–
–
5.334
A1
0.381
–
–
D
18.669
–
19.685
E
7.620
–
8.255
E1
6.096
–
7.112
B
0.356
–
0.559
B1
1.143
–
1.778
L
2.921
–
3.810
C
0.203
–
0.356
eB
–
–
10.922
eC
0.000
–
1.524
e
NOTE
Note 2
Note 2
2.540 TYP
11/02/05
R
2325 Orchard Parkway
San Jose, CA 95131
TITLE
14P3, 14-lead (0.300"/7.62 mm Wide) Plastic Dual
Inline Package (PDIP)
DRAWING NO.
14P3
REV.
A
83
3538A–MICRO–7/06
26.2
14X – TSSOP
Dimensions in Millimeters and (Inches).
Controlling dimension: Millimeters.
JEDEC Standard MO-153 AB-1.
INDEX MARK
PIN
1
4.50 (0.177) 6.50 (0.256)
4.30 (0.169) 6.25 (0.246)
5.10 (0.201)
4.90 (0.193)
0.65 (.0256) BSC
0.30 (0.012)
0.19 (0.007)
1.20 (0.047) MAX
0.15 (0.006)
0.05 (0.002)
SEATING
PLANE
0.20 (0.008)
0.09 (0.004)
0º~ 8º
0.75 (0.030)
0.45 (0.018)
05/16/01
R
84
2325 Orchard Parkway
San Jose, CA 95131
TITLE
14X (Formerly "14T"), 14-lead (4.4 mm Body) Thin Shrink
Small Outline Package (TSSOP)
DRAWING NO.
REV.
14X
B
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
27. Revision History
Revision No.
History
Revision A – July 2006
•
Initial Release
85
3538A–MICRO–7/06
86
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
Table of Contents
1.
Description ............................................................................................... 1
2.
Pin Configuration ..................................................................................... 2
2.1
AT89LP213: 14-lead TSSOP/PDIP ......................................................................2
2.2
AT89LP214: 14-lead TSSOP/PDIP ......................................................................2
3.
Pin Description ......................................................................................... 3
4.
Block Diagram .......................................................................................... 5
5.
Comparison to Standard 8051 ................................................................ 6
6.
5.1
System Clock .......................................................................................................6
5.2
Instruction Execution7/06 with Single-Cycle Fetch ..............................................6
5.3
Interrupt Handling .................................................................................................6
5.4
Timer/Counters ....................................................................................................6
5.5
Serial Port ............................................................................................................6
5.6
Watchdog Timer ...................................................................................................7
5.7
I/O Ports ...............................................................................................................7
5.8
Reset ....................................................................................................................7
Memory Organization .............................................................................. 7
6.1
Program Memory .................................................................................................7
6.2
Data Memory ........................................................................................................8
7.
Special Function Registers ..................................................................... 9
8.
Enhanced CPU ....................................................................................... 10
8.1
9.
Restrictions on Certain Instructions ...................................................................11
System Clock ......................................................................................... 12
9.1
Crystal Oscillator ................................................................................................12
9.2
External Clock Source ........................................................................................12
9.3
Internal RC Oscillator .........................................................................................12
9.4
System Clock Out ..............................................................................................12
10. Reset ....................................................................................................... 13
10.1 Power-on Reset .................................................................................................13
10.2 Brown-out Reset ................................................................................................15
10.3 External Reset ....................................................................................................15
10.4 Watchdog Reset .................................................................................................16
10.5 Software Reset ...................................................................................................16
i
3538A–MICRO–7/06
Table of Contents (Continued)
11. Power Saving Modes ............................................................................. 16
11.1 Idle Mode ...........................................................................................................16
11.2 Power-down Mode .............................................................................................16
12. Interrupts ................................................................................................ 18
12.1 Interrupt Response Time ....................................................................................20
13. I/O Ports .................................................................................................. 22
13.1 Port Configuration ..............................................................................................22
13.2 Port 1 Analog Functions .....................................................................................25
13.3 Port Read-Modify-Write ......................................................................................25
13.4 Port Alternate Functions .....................................................................................26
14. Enhanced Timer/Counters .................................................................... 27
14.1 Mode 0 – Variable Width Timer/Counter ............................................................27
14.2 Mode 1 – 16-bit Auto-Reload Timer/Counter .....................................................28
14.3 Mode 2 – 8-bit Auto-Reload Timer/Counter .......................................................29
14.4 Mode 3 – 8-bit Split Timer ..................................................................................29
14.5 Pulse Width Modulation .....................................................................................32
15. External Interrupts ................................................................................. 36
16. General-purpose Interrupts .................................................................. 36
17. Serial Interface ....................................................................................... 38
17.1 Multiprocessor Communications ........................................................................38
17.2 Baud Rates ........................................................................................................40
17.3 More About Mode 0 ............................................................................................41
17.4 More About Mode 1 ............................................................................................43
17.5 More About Modes 2 and 3 ................................................................................45
17.6 Framing Error Detection .....................................................................................48
17.7 Automatic Address Recognition .........................................................................48
18. Serial Peripheral Interface ..................................................................... 49
19. Analog Comparator ............................................................................... 55
19.1 Comparator Interrupt with Debouncing ..............................................................55
20. Programmable Watchdog Timer ........................................................... 57
20.1 Software Reset ...................................................................................................58
21. Instruction Set Summary ...................................................................... 59
ii
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
3538A–MICRO–7/06
AT89LP213/214 [Preliminary]
Table of Contents (Continued)
22. On-Chip Debug System ......................................................................... 63
22.1 Physical Interface ...............................................................................................63
22.2 Software Breakpoints .........................................................................................64
22.3 Limitations of On-Chip Debug ............................................................................64
23. Programming the Flash Memory .......................................................... 65
23.1 Physical Interface ...............................................................................................65
23.2 Memory Organization .........................................................................................66
23.3 Command Format ..............................................................................................67
23.4 Status Register ...................................................................................................70
23.5 DATA Polling ......................................................................................................70
23.6 Flash Security ....................................................................................................70
23.7 User Configuration Fuses ..................................................................................71
23.8 Programming Interface Timing ...........................................................................72
24. Electrical Characteristics ...................................................................... 76
24.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings* ..............................................................................76
24.2 DC Characteristics .............................................................................................76
24.3 Serial Peripheral Interface Timing .....................................................................77
24.4 External Clock Drive ...........................................................................................79
24.5 Serial Port Timing: Shift Register Mode Test Conditions ...................................80
24.6 Test Conditions ..................................................................................................80
25. Ordering Information ............................................................................. 82
25.1 Standard Package ..............................................................................................82
25.2 Green Package Option (Pb/Halide-free) ............................................................82
26. Packaging Information .......................................................................... 83
26.1 14P3 – PDIP ......................................................................................................83
26.2 14X – TSSOP .....................................................................................................84
27. Revision History ..................................................................................... 85
iii
3538A–MICRO–7/06
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3538A–MICRO–7/06