iC-NV 6-BIT Sin/D FLASH CONVERTER Rev C1, Page 1/19 FEATURES Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Fast flash converter Integrated glitch filter; minimum transition distance can be set using the optional resistor Selectable resolution of up to 64 steps per cycle and up to 16-fold interpolation Integrated instrumentation amplifiers with adjustable gain Direct connection of sensor bridges, no external components required 200kHz input frequency with the highest resolution Incremental A QUAD B output of up to 3.2MHz Reversed A/B phase selectable Index signal processing Sensor bridge calibration supportable by analog/digital test signals Low power consumption from single 5V supply TTL- /CMOS-compatible outputs Inputs and outputs protected against destruction by ESD APPLICATIONS Ë Ë Ë Angle interpolation from orthogonal sinusoidal input signals Linear and rotary encoders MR sensor systems PACKAGES TSSOP20 BLOCK DIAGRAM Copyright © 2007, iC-Haus www.ichaus.com iC-NV 6-BIT Sin/D FLASH CONVERTER Rev C1, Page 2/19 DESCRIPTION iC-NV is a monolithic A/D converter which produces two digital A/B incremental signals phase-shifted at 90° from two sinusoidal input signals, also phase-shifted at 90°. The converter operates on the flash principle with fast single comparators. The back-end signal processing circuit includes a no-delay glitch filter which can be set so that only clearly countable incremental signals are generated. The minimum transition distance for outputs A and B can be set via an external resistor and adapted to suit the application on hand. For static input signals hysteresis prevents the switching of the outputs. By programming the pins the interpolator can be set to nine different resolutions between 4 and 64 angle steps per cycle; multiplication values of between 1 and 16 are possible for the frequency. The phase relation between the sine/cosine input signals and the A/B incremental signals generated can be selected here. The device also incorporates an index signal processing circuit which generates a digital zero pulse at Z dependent on the analog sine/cosine input signals and the enable input ZERO. Alternatively, the converter MSB can also be output at Z for synchronization purposes in an absolute measuring system. The input amplifiers are configured as instrumentation amplifiers and permit sensor bridges to be directly connected without the need for external resistors. The input amplification has nine selectable settings which have been graded to suit standard sensor signals of between ca. 10mVpk and 1Vpk. If external calibration of the sensor bridge is required, eg. with regard to offset, various test functions can be activated. By this the amplified analog input signals come available at the outputs, for instance. PACKAGES TSSOP20 to JEDEC Standard PIN CONFIGURATION TSSOP20 4.4mm PIN FUNCTIONS (top view) No. Name Function 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 PCOS NCOS SG1 SG0 VREF ROT SF1 SF0 GND Z (MSB) 11 12 13 14 B A VDD RCLK 15 16 17 18 19 20 VCC GNDA PZERO NZERO PSIN NSIN Input Cosine % Input Cosine & Gain Select Input Gain Select Input Reference Voltage Output A/B Phase Selection Input / Test Signal Output Resolution Selection Input / Test Signal Output Resolution Selection Input / Test Signal Output Ground (digital) Index Signal Output Z (MSB Output when ROT= open) / Test Signal Output Incremental Output B / Test Signal Output Incremental Output A / Test Signal Output +5 V Supply Voltage (digital) Min. Transition Distance Preset Input (use is optional; can be wired to VCC) +5 V Supply Voltage (analog) Ground (analog) Index Signal Enable Input % Index Signal Enable Input & Input Sine % Input Sine & S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 External connections linking VCC to VDD and GND to GNDA are required. iC-NV 6-BIT Sin/D FLASH CONVERTER Rev C1, Page 3/19 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Values beyond which damage may occur; device operation is not guaranteed. Item Symbol Parameter Conditions Fig. Unit Min. Max. G001 VCC Supply Voltage analog -0.3 6 V G002 VDD Supply Voltage digital -0.3 6 V G003 V() Voltage at NSIN, PSIN, NCOS, PCOS, NZERO, PZERO, SG1, SG0, RCLK SF1, SF0, ROT, A, B, Z -0.3 6 V G004 Imx(VCC) Current in VCC V() < VCC+0.3V V() < VDD+0.3V -50 50 mA G005 Imx(GNDA) Current in GNDA -50 50 mA G006 Imx(VDD) Current in VDD -50 50 mA G007 Imx(GND) Current in GND -50 50 mA G008 Imx() Current in NSIN, PSIN, NCOS, PCOS, NZERO, PZERO, SG1, SG0, VREF, RCLK, SF1, SF0, ROT, A, B, Z -10 10 mA G009 Ilu() Pulse Current in all pins (Latch-up strength) pulse duration < 10µs -100 100 mA EG1 Vd() ESD Susceptibility at all pins 100pF discharged through 1.5kΩ 2 kV TG1 Tj Operating Junction Temperature -40 150 °C TG2 Ts Storage Temperature Range -40 165 °C THERMAL DATA Operating Conditions: VCC= VDD= 5V ±10% Item Symbol Parameter Conditions Fig. Unit Min. T1 Ta Operating Ambient Temperature Range (extended temperature range of -40 to 125 °C available on request) All voltages are referenced to ground unless otherwise noted. All currents into the device pins are positive; all currents out of the device pins are negative. -25 Typ. Max. 85 °C iC-NV 6-BIT Sin/D FLASH CONVERTER Rev C1, Page 4/19 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Operating Conditions: VCC= VDD= 5V ±10%, Tj= -40..125°C, unless otherwise noted Item Symbol Parameter Conditions Tj Fig. °C Unit Min. Typ. Max. Total Device 001 VCC, VDD Permissible Supply Voltage 4.5 5.5 V 002 I(VCC) Supply Current in VCC fin()= 200kHz; A, B, Z open 15 mA 003 I(VDD) Supply Current in VDD fin()= 200kHz; A, B, Z open 5 mA 004 Von Power-On Reset Threshold 2 3.8 V 005 Voff Power-Down Reset Threshold 1 2.2 V 006 Vhys Power-On Reset Hysteresis 0.4 1.8 V 007 Vc()hi Clamp Voltage hi at NSIN, PSIN, NCOS, PCOS, NZERO, PZERO, SG1, SG0, ROT, SF1, SF0, VREF, RCLK 0.3 1.6 V 008 Vc()lo Clamp Voltage lo at I()= -1mA, other pins open NSIN, PSIN, NCOS, PCOS, NZERO, PZERO, SG1, SG0, ROT, SF1, SF0, VREF, RCLK, A, B, Z -1.5 -0.3 009 Vc()hi Clamp Voltage hi at A, B, Z 0.3 1.6 V Vin() see table gain select GAIN= 10..66 GAIN= 3..7.1 -7 -10 7 10 mV mV Vc()hi= V() -VCC; I()= 1mA, other pins open Vc()hi= V()-VDD; I()= 1mA, other pins open Input Amplifiers NSIN, PSIN, NCOS, PCOS 101 Vos() Input Offset Voltage 102 Iin() Input Current V()= 0V.. VCC -50 50 nA 103 G() Gain GAIN following table gain select 95 101 % 104 Grel Gain Ration SIN/COS GAIN following table gain select 98 102 % 105 fhc Cut-off Frequency GAIN= 66.667 GAIN= 3.03 500 2.3 kHz MHz 106 SR Slew Rate GAIN= 66.667 GAIN= 3.03 10 15 V/µs V/µs referred to 360° input signal, GAIN= 3.03; VPin= 2...2.6 Vpp, VNin= 2.5 Vdc VPin= 1...1.3 Vpp, VNin= 2.5 Vdc -1 -2 1 2 DEG DEG -10 10 % I(VREF)= -1mA..+1mA 48 52 %VCC 47 23 12 6 3 500 500 500 500 500 kΩ kΩ kΩ kΩ kΩ 45 490 78 1000 ns ns 30 420 78 1000 ns ns Signal Processing: Converter Accuracy 201 202 AAabs AArel Absolute Angle Accuracy Relative Angle Accuracy referred to period of A, B GAIN= 3.03 7 VREF 401 V(VREF) Reference Voltage at VREF Signal Processing: Transition Distance Control 501 RCLK Permissible Resistor at RCLK vs. GNDA DIV= 1 (IPF= 10, 12, 16) DIV= 2 (IPF= 5, 8) DIV= 4 (IPF= 3, 4) DIV= 8 (IPF=2) DIV= 16 (IPF= 1) 502 DT() Minimum Transition Distance R(RCLK, GNDA)= 47KΩ 1%; DIV= 1 DIV= 16 503 DT() Minimum Transition Distance V(RCLK)= VCC; DIV= 1 DIV= 16 4 2 iC-NV 6-BIT Sin/D FLASH CONVERTER Rev C1, Page 5/19 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Operating Conditions: VCC= VDD= 5V ±10%, Tj= -40..125°C, unless otherwise noted Item Symbol Parameter Conditions Tj °C Fig. Unit Min. Typ. Max. Zero Comparator 701 Vos() Input Offset Voltage V()= Vcm() -20 702 703 704 20 mV Iin() Input Current V()= 0V.. VCC Vcm() Common-Mode Input Volt. Range -50 50 nA 1.4 VCC-1.5 V Vdm() Differential Input Voltage Range 0 VCC V 60 78 %VCC Signal Processing: Inputs SG1, SG0, ROT, SF1, SF0 801 Vt()hi Input Threshold Voltage hi 802 Vt()lo Input Threshold Voltage lo 25 40 %VCC 803 V0() Mid Level Voltage 43 57 %VCC 804 Ri() Input Resistance 45 220 kΩ Vs()hi= VDD-V(); I()= -4mA 0.4 V 150 Signal Processing: Outputs A, B, Z D01 Vs()hi Saturation Voltage hi D02 Vs()lo Saturation Voltage lo I()= 4mA 0.4 V D05 tr() Rise Time CL()= 50pF 60 ns D06 tf() Fall Time CL()= 50pF 60 ns ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Diagrams Fig. 1: Adjusting the minimum transition distance via resistor RCLK (given typical at 5V, 27°C; for IPF= 1 within 5V ±10% and -40..+125°C ranges). Fig. 2: Similar to Figure 1; the minimum transition distance can be reduced by smaller resistors RCLK. iC-NV 6-BIT Sin/D FLASH CONVERTER Rev C1, Page 6/19 Fig. 3: Adjusting the minimum transition distance via resistor RCLK. Fig. 4: Similar to Figure 3; minimum transition distance for smaller RCLK resistor values. Fig. 5: Temperature drift of the minimum transition distance versus 27°C (VDD= 5V). Fig. 6: Temperature drift of the reduced minimum transition distance versus 27°C (VDD= 5V). Fig. 7: Definition of the relative angle accuracy. iC-NV 6-BIT Sin/D FLASH CONVERTER Rev C1, Page 7/19 DESCRIPTION OF FUNCTIONS Input Amplifiers Input stages SIN and COS are configured as instrumentation amplifiers. The gain is dependent on the amplitude of the input signal and set via pins SG0 and SG1 according to the following table. So that the DC level to be adjusted half of the supply voltage is available at VREF. GAIN SELECT Sine/Cosine Input Signal Levels Vin() Amplitude Average value (DC) SG0 Gain differential single ended differential single ended hi hi 66.667 up to 60mVpp up to 120mVpp 0.7V .. VCC-1.2V 0.7V .. VCC-1.2V hi open 50.000 up to 80mVpp up to 160mVpp 0.7V .. VCC-1.2V 0.7V .. VCC-1.2V hi lo 33.333 up to 120mVpp up to 240mVpp 1.2V .. VCC-1.2V 1.2V .. VCC-1.3V open hi 20.000 up to 0.2Vpp up to 0.4Vpp 1.2V .. VCC-1.2V 1.2V .. VCC-1.3V open open 14.300 up to 0.28Vpp up to 0.56Vpp 0.7V .. VCC-1.3V 0.8V .. VCC-1.4V open lo 10.000 up to 0.4Vpp up to 0.8Vpp 1.2V .. VCC-1.3V 1.3V .. VCC-1.5V SG1 lo hi 7.125 up to 0.56Vpp up to 1.1Vpp 1.2V .. VCC-1.4V 1.4V .. VCC-1.7V lo open 4.000 up to 1Vpp up to 2Vpp 1.2V .. VCC-1.6V 1.6V .. VCC-2.1V lo lo 3.030 up to 1.3Vpp up to 2.6Vpp 1.2V .. VCC-1.7V 1.8V .. VCC-2.4V Converter Core, Transition Distance Control For each of the 64 comparator levels the sine/cosine input signals are calculated according to the theorem of addition and are fed into single comparators. This procedure guarantees a very high converter frequency yet also means that consecutive comparators can switch in a very short space of time in the event of input signal disturbances. The comparator outputs are thus fed into a transition distance control unit. This monitors the temporal sequence of the switching operations in such a way that each event is delayed by the length of the settable minimum gap to the previous event. If no errors arise the transitions pass the control unit without a time delay. Synchronization with a fixed clock pulse does not occur. The minimum transition distance is set via an external resistor positioned between RCLK and GNDA. Alternatively, pin RCLK can be shorted to VCC. Depending on the resolution maximum input frequencies of at least 200kHz are then guaranteed (see table of resolution). Digital Processing Unit The transition distance control unit is followed by the digital processing unit. This is where the transition events are converted into a pulse sequence for the incremental outputs A and B. The square-wave signals generated have a phase shift of +90° or -90°, depending on the direction of rotation. The phase relation between the sine/cosine input signals and the A/B output signals can be set using programming pin ROT. Alternatively, the MSB of the converter can be output to Z when ROT is high. With the zero signal this changes to high and has the pulse length of half a cycle. This signal can be used to synchronize the high-order tracks of an absolute-value encoder device. iC-NV 6-BIT Sin/D FLASH CONVERTER Rev C1, Page 8/19 A/B OUTPUT PHASE SELECTION ROT Input signals Output signals A, B; Z lo positive; COS leading SIN B leading A; Z lo negative; SIN leading COS A leading B; Z open positive; COS leading SIN B leading A; MSB open negative; SIN leading COS A leading B; MSB hi positive; COS leading SIN A leading B; Z hi negative; SIN leading COS B leading A; Z Resolution, frequency ranges Nine different resolutions or interpolation factors (IPF) can be programmed via inputs SF0 and SF1. Resolutions 16, 12 and 10 are generated at the core of the converter itself. Resolutions of less than 10 are produced by division DIV in the digital processing unit. The minimum transition distance at outputs A and B corresponds to that of the transition distance control multiplied by the divisor of the digital processing unit. The minimum output transition distance (maximum output frequency) should be adjusted to tarry with the overall system (bandwidth of the transfer medium, sampling rate of the counter). The maximum input frequency is determined by the transition distance control and the resolution of the converter core (16, 12 or 10). This frequency can be increased for resolutions of less than 10 with an external resistor at RCLK. The following table gives possible settings. RESOLUTION SF1 SF0 IPF DIV internal division finMAX finMAX for RCLK= VCC or RCLK= 47 kΩ hi hi 16 1 200 kHz, RCLK= 47 kΩ 200 kHz hi open 12 1 260 kHz, RCLK= 47 kΩ 260 kHz hi lo 10 1 320 kHz, RCLK= 47 kΩ 320 kHz open hi 8 2 400 kHz, RCLK= 23 kΩ 200 kHz open open 5 2 640 kHz, RCLK= 23 kΩ 320 kHz open lo 4 4 800 kHz, RCLK= 12 kΩ 200 kHz lo hi 3 4 1.04 MHz, RCLK= 12 kΩ 260 kHz lo open 2 8 1.6 MHz, RCLK= 6 kΩ 200 kHz lo lo 1 16 (3.2 MHz), RCLK= 3 kΩ 200 kHz iC-NV 6-BIT Sin/D FLASH CONVERTER Rev C1, Page 9/19 Hysteresis iC-NV has an angular hysteresis which is independent of the input amplitude and phase. It prevents the outputs from switching when the inputs are static. The following diagram shows the effect this has with an interpolation factor of 8.. Fig. 8: Effect of angle hysteresis When the direction of rotation is reversed the integrated hysteresis circuit prompts the change in direction to be signaled at the outputs; the hysteresis causes a delay here. According to the resolution the hysteresis is set to one of the following fixed values. ANGLE HYSTERESIS Interpolation factor 1 2 3 4 5 8 10 12 16 Hysteresis DEG 5,625° 5,625° 7,5° 5,625° 9° 5,625° 9° 7,5° 5,625° referred to A/B period 1/64 1/32 1/16 1/16 1/8 1/8 1/4 1/4 1/4 Zero pulse One zero pulse (index) is generated per cycle from the sine/cosine inputs. To be output to Z it must be enabled by the comparator at differential inputs PZERO and NZERO. The width of the zero pulse is a quarter of the length of the A and/or B signal output cycle. When Z is high, simultaneously A&B are high. The position of the zero pulse dependent on the interpolation factor and the direction of rotation is given in the following table. INDEX POSITION IPF positive direction of rotation negative direction of rotation 16 45°.. 50,625° 39,375° .. 45° 12 45°.. 52,5° 37,5° .. 45° 10 45°.. 54° 36° .. 45° 8 39,375°.. 50,625° 33,75° .. 45° 5 36° .. 54° 27° .. 45° 4 33,75° .. 56,25° 28,125° .. 50,625° 3 30°.. 60° 22,5° .. 52,5° 2 22,5 .. 67,5° 16,875° .. 61,875° 1 0° .. 90° 354,375° .. 84,625° iC-NV 6-BIT Sin/D FLASH CONVERTER Rev C1, Page 10/19 Oscilloscope diagrams The following diagrams give the input and output signals for various directions of rotation and ROT settings for interpolation factors 1 and 16. Fig. 9: ROT= lo/open, COS leading SIN Fig. 11: ROT= hi, COS leading SIN Fig. 10: ROT= lo/open, SIN leading COS Fig. 12: ROT= hi, SIN leading COS iC-NV 6-BIT Sin/D FLASH CONVERTER Rev C1, Page 11/19 Test functions Device iC-NV features internal test functions which can be used to ease sensor bridge calibration procedures if such are required. To enable test operation, a threshold current of approx. 1mA present at pin RCLK must be exceeded during power up. Subsequently, four different test modes are selectable starting with mode 3 set initially. Fig. 13: Activating test functions via pin RCLK. iC-NV 6-BIT Sin/D FLASH CONVERTER Rev C1, Page 12/19 Description of test signals MODE 1 CLK, UP, DN Control signals for external counters. MODE 3 ZK un-gated index/zero comparator output EXKA all comparators EXOR-gated SIN, NSIN, COS, NCOS amplifier outputs (signal valid with no load only) MODE 2 NENOS, CLK, DALL Test signals for iC-Haus device test. MODE 0 KA(0) Comparator 0°-180° Duty cycle indicates offset of sine signal. KA(16) Comparator 90°-270° Duty cycle indicates offset of cosine signal. KA(X): KA(8) EXOR KA(24) Comparator 45°-225° Duty cycle indicates amplitude ratio of sine/cosine signal. Offset calibration must be performed first. Test Mode S1 (A) S2 (B) S3 (Z) S4 (SF0) S5 (SF1) S6 (ROT) 3 ZK EXKA SIN NSIN COS NCOS 0 KA(0) KA(16) KA(X) 1 CLK UP DN 2 NENOS CLK DALL iC-NV 6-BIT Sin/D FLASH CONVERTER Rev C1, Page 13/19 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Principal Input Circuits Fig. 14: Input circuit for voltage signals of 1Vpp with no ground reference. When grounds are not separated the connection NSIN to VREF must be omitted. Fig. 15: Input circuit for current signals of 11µA. In this circuit offset adjustment is not possible. Fig. 16: Input circuit for single-side voltage or current source signals with ground reference (adaptation via resistors R3, R4). Fig. 17: Simplified input wiring for single-side voltage signals with ground reference. Fig. 18: Input circuit for differential current sink sensor outputs, eg. using Opto Encoder iC-WG. iC-NV 6-BIT Sin/D FLASH CONVERTER Rev C1, Page 14/19 Wiring photodiode arrays with common cathodes Fig. 19: Wiring scheme with offset adjustment possibility; the resistor values must be selected with respect to the photo currents available (eg. 65kΩ for max. 16µApk at GAIN= 3, or 1µA at GAIN= 50 respectively). Fig. 20: Additional adjustment possibility for amplitude differences; settings at P3 must be done first. Fig. 21: Photodiode scanning circuit using ET2010 pre-amp and adjustment device. iC-NV 6-BIT Sin/D FLASH CONVERTER Rev C1, Page 15/19 Wiring photodiode arrays with common anodes Fig. 22: Wiring scheme with offset adjustment possibility; the resistor values must be selected with respect to the photo currents available (eg. 65kΩ for max. 16µA pk at GAIN= 3, or 1µA at GAIN= 50 respectively). Fig. 23: Additional adjustment possibility for amplitude differences; settings at P3 must be done first. Wiring magneto-resistor bridge sensors Fig. 24: Wiring MR sensor bridges with offset adjustment possibility; setup pins remaining open can be linked to VREF to enhance interference immunity. Fig. 25: Wiring MR half-bridge sensors with offset adjustment possibility. iC-NV 6-BIT Sin/D FLASH CONVERTER Rev C1, Page 16/19 MR Sensor System Application Example Fig. 26: Complete MR sensor system for 24V environment featuring low-noise switch-mode power supply linear regulator combo iC-WD and line driver iC-WE, enabling data transmission via 100m cable length. The maximum output frequency is limited to approx. 280kHz by R1= 500kΩ to comply with speed-limited external counters (pins SF1 and SF0 are open and select IPF= 5). C7/C8 can help to improve noise immunity additionally, for instance with motor applications. iC-NV 6-BIT Sin/D FLASH CONVERTER Rev C1, Page 17/19 DEMO BOARD The iC-NV device is equipped with a Demo Board for test purposes. Figures 10 to 12 show the wiring as well as the top and bottom layout of the test PCB. Fig. 27: Circuit diagram of the demo board (delivery comes without pot assembly; the corresponding switch must remain set to high). Fig. 28: Demo Board (components side) Fig. 29: Demo Board (bottom side) iC-NV 6-BIT Sin/D FLASH CONVERTER Rev C1, Page 18/19 This specification is for a newly developed product. iC-Haus therefore reserves the right to change or update, without notice, any information contained herein, design and specification; and to discontinue or limit production or distribution of any product versions. Please contact iC-Haus to ascertain the current data. Copying – even as an excerpt – is only permitted with iC-Haus approval in writing and precise reference to source. iC-Haus does not warrant the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the specification on this site and does not assume liability for any errors or omissions in the materials. The data specified is intended solely for the purpose of product description. No representations or warranties, either express or implied, of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose or of any other nature are made hereunder with respect to information/specification or the products to which information refers and no guarantee with respect to compliance to the intended use is given. In particular, this also applies to the stated possible applications or areas of applications of the product. iC-Haus conveys no patent, copyright, mask work right or other trade mark right to this product. iC-Haus assumes no liability for any patent and/or other trade mark rights of a third party resulting from processing or handling of the product and/or any other use of the product. As a general rule our developments, IPs, principle circuitry and range of Integrated Circuits are suitable and specifically designed for appropriate use in technical applications, such as in devices, systems and any kind of technical equipment, in so far as they do not infringe existing patent rights. In principle the range of use is limitless in a technical sense and refers to the products listed in the inventory of goods compiled for the 2007 export trade statistics issued by the Bureau of Statistics in Wiesbaden in December 2006, for example, or to any product in the product catalogue published for the 2007 exhibition in Hanover (HannoverMesse). We understand suitable application of our published designs to be state-of-the-art technology which can no longer be classed as inventive under the stipulations of patent law. Our explicit application notes are to be treated only as mere examples of the many possible and extremely advantageous uses our products can be put to. iC-NV 6-BIT Sin/D FLASH CONVERTER Rev C1, Page 19/19 ORDERING INFORMATION Type Package Order designation iC-NV TSSOP20 4.4mm iC-NV TSSOP20 Demo Board EVAL NV1D For technical support, information about prices and terms of delivery please contact: iC-Haus GmbH Am Kuemmerling 18 D-55294 Bodenheim GERMANY Tel +49-6135-9292-0 Fax +49-6135-9292-192 http://www.ichaus.com E-mail [email protected] Appointed local distributors: http://www.ichaus.de/support_distributors.php