RT8289 5A, 32V, 500kHz Step-Down Converter General Description Features The RT8289 is a step-down regulator with an internal Power MOSFET. It achieves 5A of continuous output current over a wide input supply range with excellent load and line regulation. Current mode operation provides fast transient response and eases loop stabilization. z High Output Current up to 5A z Internal Soft-Start 100mΩ Ω Internal Power MOSFET Switch Internal Compensation Minimizes External Parts Count High Efficiency up to 90% 25μ μA Shutdown Current Fixed 500kHz Frequency Thermal Shutdown Protection Cycle-by-Cycle Over Current Protection Wide 5.5V to 32V Operating Input Range Adjustable Output Voltage from 1.222V to 26V Available in an SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) Package RoHS Compliant and Halogen Free z z z The RT8289 prorides protections such as cycle-by-cycle current limiting and thermal shutdown. In shutdown mode, the regulator draws 25A of supply current. z z z The RT8289 requires a minimum number of external components, to proride a compact solution. z z The RT8289 is available in a SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) package. z z z Ordering Information RT8289 Applications Package Type SP : SOP-8 (Exposed Pad-Option 1) z z Lead Plating System G : Green (Halogen Free and Pb Free) z z Note : z Richtek products are : ` RoHS compliant and compatible with the current require- Pin Configurations ments of IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020. ` Distributive Power Systems LCD TV DSL Modems Pre-regulator for Linear Regulators Battery Charger (TOP VIEW) Suitable for use in SnPb or Pb-free soldering processes. BOOT SW 8 NC 2 NC 3 FB 4 GND 9 7 VIN 6 GND 5 EN SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) Typical Application Circuit VIN 5.5V to 32V Chip Enable Open = Automatic Startup DS8289-01 March 2011 7 VIN CIN 4.7µF x 2 BOOT RT8289 1 SW 8 5 EN 6, Exposed Pad (9) GND CBOOT L 10nF 10µH D B550C VOUT 5V/5A R1 10k FB 4 R2 3.16k COUT 47µFx2 (POSCAP) www.richtek.com 1 RT8289 Functional Pin Description Pin No. Pin Name Pin Function BOOT High Side Gate Drive Bootstrap Input. BOOT supplies the drive for the high side N-MOSFET switch. Connect a 10nF or greater capacitor from SW to BOOT to power the high side switch. 2, 3 NC No Internal Connection. 4 FB Feedback Input. FB senses the output voltage to regulate said voltage. Drive FB with a resistive voltage divider from the output voltage. The value of the divider resistors also sets loop bandwidth. The feedback threshold is 1.222V. 5 EN 1 Chip Enable (Active High). EN is a digital input that turns the regulator on or off. Drive EN higher than 1.4V to turn on the regulator, lower than 0.4V to turn it off. For automatic startup, leave EN unconnected. Ground. The exposed pad must be soldered to a large PCB and connected to GND for maximum power dissipation. Power Input. VIN supplies the power to the IC, as well as the step-down converter switches. Drive VIN with a 5.5V to 32V power source. Bypass VIN to GND with a suitably large capacitor to eliminate noise on the input to the IC. Power Switching Output. SW is the switching node that supplies power to the output. Connect the output LC filter from SW to the output load. Note that a capacitor is required from SW to BOOT to power the high side switch. 6, GND 9 (Exposed Pad) 7 VIN 8 SW Function Block Diagram VIN Current Sense Amplifier + Ramp Generator BOOT EN Regulator Oscillator 500kHz S + Reference FB 12k Error + Amplifier 30pF Driver PWM Comparator - 400k Q R OC Limit Clamp SW Bootstrap Control GND 13pF www.richtek.com 2 DS8289-01 March 2011 RT8289 Absolute Maximum Ratings z z z z z z z z z z (Note 1) Supply Voltage, VIN ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.3V to 34V Switching Voltage, SW (Note 2) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ −0.6V to (VIN + 0.3V) BOOT Voltage ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (VSW − 0.3V) to (VSW + 6V) Other Pins Voltage ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ −0.3V to 6V Power Dissipation, PD @ TA = 25°C SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.333W Package Thermal Resistance (Note 3) SOP-8 (Exposed Pad), θJA -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75°C/W SOP-8 (Exposed Pad), θJC -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15°C/W Junction Temperature --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 150°C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.) ----------------------------------------------------------------- 260°C Storage Temperature Range ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- −65°C to 150°C ESD Susceptibility (Note 4) HBM (Human Body Mode) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2kV MM (Machine Mode) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 200V Recommended Operating Conditions z z z z (Note 5) Supply Voltage, VIN ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5.5V to 32V Enable Voltage, VEN ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0V to 5.5V Junction Temperature Range ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ −40°C to 125°C Ambient Temperature Range ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ −40°C to 85°C Electrical Characteristics (VIN = 12V, TA = 25°C unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Max High Side Switch-On Resistance RDS(ON)1 -- 100 -- mΩ Low Side Switch-On Resistance Upper Switch Leakage RDS(ON)2 V EN = 0V, VSW = 0V --- 10 0 -10 Ω μA Current Limit ILIM Duty = 90%; V BOOT−SW = 4.8V -- 6.8 -- A Current Sense Transconductance GCS Output Current to V COMP -- 5.5 -- A/V Oscillator Frequency fSW -- 500 -- kHz V FB = 0V -- 120 -- kHz V FB = 1V --- 90 100 --- % ns Under Voltage Lockout Threshold Rising -- 4.2 -- V Under Voltage Lockout Threshold Hysteresis -- 200 -- mV En Threshold DMAX tON 1.222 1.239 Unit V FB Maximum Duty Cycle Minimum On-Time 1.202 Typ Feedback Reference Voltage Short Circuit Oscillation Frequency 5.5V ≦ VIN ≦ 32V Min Logic Low Voltage V IL -- -- 0.4 Logic High Voltage V IH 1.4 -- 5.5 -- 1 -- Enable Pull Up Current V V μA To be continued DS8289-01 March 2011 www.richtek.com 3 RT8289 Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit Shutdown Current I SHDN VEN = 0V -- 25 -- μA Quiescent Current IQ VEN = 2V, VFB = 1.5V -- 0.8 1 mA -- 4 -- ms -- 150 -- °C Soft-Start Period Thermal Shutdown TSD Note 1. Stresses listed as the above "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are for stress ratings. Functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may remain possibility to affect device reliability. Note 2. The low side MOSFET body diode forward current must be lower than 1mA Note 3. θJA is measured in the natural convection at TA = 25°C on a high effective four layers thermal conductivity test board of JEDEC 51-7 thermal measurement standard. The measurement case position of θJC is on the exposed pad of the package. Note 4. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precaution is recommended. Note 5. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating conditions. www.richtek.com 4 DS8289-01 March 2011 RT8289 Typical Operating Characteristics Output Voltage vs. Output Current Efficiency vs. Output Current 100 5.008 90 5.004 VIN VIN VIN VIN 70 60 = = = = 8V 12V 24V 32V Output Voltage (V) Efficiency (%) 80 50 40 30 5.000 VIN = 32V VIN = 24V VIN = 12V 4.996 4.992 4.988 20 4.984 10 VOUT = 5V 0 0 1 2 3 VOUT = 5V 4.980 4 5 0 1 2 Output Current (A) 1.228 1.228 1.226 1.226 Reference Voltage (V) Reference Voltage (V) 1.230 1.224 1.222 1.220 1.218 1.216 1.214 1.212 1.210 12 16 20 24 28 1.222 VIN VIN VIN VIN 1.220 1.218 1.216 IOUT = 0A 32 -50 -25 0 25 540 530 530 Frequency (kHz)1 Frequency (kHz)1 540 520 510 500 490 480 470 VOUT = 5V, IOUT = 0A 16 20 Input Voltage (V) DS8289-01 March 2011 100 125 520 510 500 490 VIN VIN VIN VIN 480 470 12 75 Frequency vs. Temperature 550 8 50 Temperature (°C) Frequency vs. Input Voltage 4 8V 12V 24V 32V 1.210 550 450 = = = = 1.214 Input Voltage (V) 460 5 1.224 1.212 IOUT = 0A 8 4 Reference Voltage vs. Temperature Reference Voltage vs. Input Voltage 1.230 4 3 Output Current (A) 24 28 32 460 = = = = 8V 12V 24V 32V VOUT = 5V, IOUT = 0A 450 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 Temperature (°C) www.richtek.com 5 RT8289 Shutdown Current vs. Input Voltage Quiescent Current vs. Temperature 1 60 Quiescent Current (mA) Shutdown Current (μA)1 0.9 50 40 30 20 10 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 0.7 0.6 0.5 VIN VIN VIN VIN 0.4 0.3 = = = = 8V 12V 24V 32V 0.2 0.1 VEN = 0V 0 0.8 0 -50 32 Input Voltage (V) -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 Temperature (°C) Switching Current Limit vs. Temperature 12 Current Limit (A) 11 VOUT (10mV/Div) 10 VSW (20V/Div) 9 8 7 IL (5A/Div) 6 VIN = 12V, VOUT = 2.5V 5 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 VIN = 12V, VOUT = 5V, IOUT = 5A Time (1μs/Div) Temperature (°C) Load Transient Response Load Transient Response VOUT (200mV/Div) VOUT (200mV/Div) IOUT (2A/Div) IOUT (2A/Div) VIN = 12V, VOUT = 5V, IOUT = 2.5A to 5A Time (100μs/Div) www.richtek.com 6 VIN = 12V, VOUT = 5V, IOUT = 0.2A to 5A Time (100μs/Div) DS8289-01 March 2011 RT8289 Power Off from EN Power On from EN VEN (5V/Div) VEN (5V/Div) VOUT (5V/Div) VOUT (5V/Div) IL (5A/Div) IL (5A/Div) VIN = 12V, VOUT = 5V, IOUT = 5A Time (2.5ms/Div) DS8289-01 March 2011 VIN = 12V, VOUT = 5V, IOUT = 5A Time (2.5ms/Div) www.richtek.com 7 RT8289 Application Information The RT8289 is an asynchronous high voltage buck converter that can support the input voltage range from 5.5V to 32V and the output current can be up to 5A. Output Voltage Setting The resistive divider allows the FB pin to sense the output voltage as shown in Figure 1. VOUT R1 FB RT8289 R2 GND Figure 1. Output Voltage Setting The output voltage is set by an external resistive divider according to the following equation : VOUT = VFB ⎛⎜ 1 + R1 ⎞⎟ ⎝ R2 ⎠ Where VFB is the feedback reference voltage (1.222V typ.). Where R1 = 10kΩ. External Bootstrap Diode Connect a 10nF low ESR ceramic capacitor between the BOOT pin and SW pin. This capacitor provides the gate driver voltage for the high side MOSFET. It is recommended to add an external bootstrap diode between an external 5V and BOOT pin for efficiency improvement when input voltage is lower than 5.5V or duty ratio is higher than 65% .The bootstrap diode can be a low cost one such as IN4148 or BAT54. The external 5V can be a 5V fixed input from system or a 5V output of the RT8289. 5V BOOT RT8289 10nF SW Soft-Start The RT8289 contains an in ternal soft-start clamp that gradually raises the output voltage. The typical soft-start time is 4ms. Chip Enable Operation The EN pin is the chip enable input. Pull the EN pin low (<0.4V) will shutdown the device. During shutdown mode, the RT8289 quiescent current drops to lower than 25μA. Drive the EN pin to high (>1.4V, < 5.5V) will turn on the device again. If the EN pin is open, it will be pulled to high by internal circuit.For external timing control (e.g.RC),the EN pin can also be externally pulled to High by adding a 100kΩ or greater resistor from the VIN pin (see Figure 3). Inductor Selection The inductor value and operating frequency determine the ripple current according to a specific input and output voltage. The ripple current ΔIL increases with higher VIN and decreases with higher inductance. V V ΔIL = ⎡⎢ OUT ⎤⎥ × ⎡⎢1− OUT ⎤⎥ f × L VIN ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ Having a lower ripple current reduces not only the ESR losses in the output capacitors but also the output voltage ripple. High frequency with small ripple current can achieve highest efficiency operation. However, it requires a large inductor to achieve this goal. For the ripple current selection, the value of ΔIL = 0.2(IMAX) will be a reasonable starting point. The largest ripple current occurs at the highest VIN. To guarantee that the ripple current stays below the specified maximum, the inductor value should be chosen according to the following equation : ⎡ VOUT ⎤ ⎡ VOUT ⎤ L =⎢ × ⎢1− ⎥ ⎥ f I V × Δ L(MAX) ⎦ ⎣ IN(MAX) ⎦ ⎣ The inductor's current rating (caused a 40°C temperature rising from 25°C ambient) should be greater than the maximum load current and its saturation current should be greater than the short circuit peak current limit. Please see Table 2 for the inductor selection reference. Figure 2. External Bootstrap Diode www.richtek.com 8 DS8289-01 March 2011 RT8289 Table 2. Suggested Inductors for Typical Application Circuit Component Dimensions Series Supplier (mm) TAIYO NR10050 10 x 9.8 x 5 YUDEN TDK SLF12565 12.5 x 12.5 x 6.5 Diode Selection When the power switch turns off, the path for the current is through the diode connected between the switch output and ground. This forward biased diode must have a minimum voltage drop and recovery times. Schottky diode is recommended and it should be able to handle those current. The reverse voltage rating of the diode should be greater than the maximum input voltage, and current rating should be greater than the maximum load current. For more detail please refer to Table 4. CIN and COUT Selection The input capacitance, C IN, is needed to filter the trapezoidal current at the source of the high side MOSFET. To prevent large ripple current, a low ESR input capacitor sized for the maximum RMS current should be used. The RMS current is given by : IRMS = IOUT(MAX) VOUT VIN VIN −1 VOUT This formula has a maximum at VIN = 2VOUT, where I RMS = I OUT /2. This simple worst-case condition is commonly used for design because even significant deviations do not offer much relief. Choose a capacitor rated at a higher temperature than required. Several capacitors may also be paralleled to meet size or height requirements in the design. For the input capacitor,two 4.7μF low ESR ceramic capacitors are recommended. For the recommended capacitor, please refer to table 3 for more detail. The selection of COUT is determined by the required ESR to minimize voltage ripple. Moreover, the amount of bulk capacitance is also a key for COUT selection to ensure that the control loop is stable. Loop stability can be checked by viewing the load transient response as described in a later section. DS8289-01 March 2011 The output ripple, ΔVOUT , is determined by : 1 ⎤ ΔVOUT ≤ ΔIL ⎡⎢ESR + 8fCOUT ⎦⎥ ⎣ The output ripple will be highest at the maximum input voltage since ΔIL increases with input voltage. Multiple capacitors placed in parallel may be needed to meet the ESR and RMS current handling requirement. Dry tantalum, special polymer, aluminum electrolytic and ceramic capacitors are all available in surface mount packages. Special polymer capacitors offer very low ESR value. However, it provides lower capacitance density than other types. Although Tantalum capacitors have the highest capacitance density, it is important to only use types that pass the surge test for use in switching power supplies. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors have significantly higher ESR. However, it can be used in cost-sensitive applications for ripple current rating and long term reliability considerations. Ceramic capacitors have excellent low ESR characteristics but can have a high voltage coefficient and audible piezoelectric effects. The high Q of ceramic capacitors with trace inductance can also lead to significant ringing. Higher values, lower cost ceramic capacitors are now becoming available in smaller case sizes. Their high ripple current, high voltage rating and low ESR make them ideal for switching regulator applications. However, care must be taken when these capacitors are used at input and output. When a ceramic capacitor is used at the input and the power is supplied by a wall adapter through long wires, a load step at the output can induce ringing at the input, VIN. At best, this ringing can couple to the output and be mistaken as loop instability. At worst, a sudden inrush of current through the long wires can potentially cause a voltage spike at VIN large enough to damage the part. Checking Transient Response The regulator loop response can be checked by looking at the load transient response. Switching regulators take several cycles to respond to a step in load current. When a load step occurs, VOUT immediately shifts by an amount equal to ΔILOAD (ESR) also begins to charge or discharge COUT generating a feedback error signal for the regulator to return VOUT to its steady-state value. During this www.richtek.com 9 RT8289 recovery time, VOUT can be monitored for overshoot or ringing that would indicate a stability problem. snubber between SW and GND and make them as close as possible to the SW pin (see Figure 3). Another method is to add a resistor in series with the bootstrap capacitor, CBOOT. But this method will decrease the driving capability to the high side MOSFET. It is strongly recommended to reserve the R-C snubber during PCB layout for EMI improvement. Moreover, reducing the SW trace area and keeping the main power in a small loop will be helpful on EMI performance. For detailed PCB layout guide, please refer to the section of Layout Consideration. EMI Consideration Since parasitic inductance and capacitance effects in PCB circuitry would cause a spike voltage on SW pin when high side MOSFET is turned-on/off, this spike voltage on SW may impact on EMI performance in the system. In order to enhance EMI performance, there are two methods to suppress the spike voltage. One is to place an R-C 7 VIN 5.5V to 32V REN* CIN 4.7µF x 2 VIN BOOT RT8289 5 EN 1 CBOOT L 10nF 10µH SW 8 RS* CEN* 6, Exposed Pad (9) RBOOT* CS* GND * : Optional D B550C VOUT 5V/5A R1 10k FB 4 COUT 47µFx2 (POSCAP) R2 3.16k Figure 3. Reference Circuit with Snubber and Enable Timing Control Thermal Considerations For continuous operation, do not exceed the maximum operation junction temperature. The maximum power dissipation depends on the thermal resistance of IC package, PCB layout, the rate of surroundings airflow and temperature difference between junction to ambient. The maximum power dissipation can be calculated by following formula : PD(MAX) = (TJ(MAX) − TA ) / θJA Where T J(MAX) is the maximum operation junction temperature , TA is the ambient temperature and the θJA is the junction to ambient thermal resistance. For recommended operating conditions specification of RT8289, the maximum junction temperature is 125°C. The junction to ambient thermal resistance θJA is layout dependent. For PSOP-8 package, the thermal resistance θJA is 75°C/W on the standard JEDEC 51-7 four-layers thermal test board. The maximum power dissipation at TA = 25°C can be calculated by following formula: P D(MAX) = (125°C − 25°C) / (75°C/W) = 1.333W www.richtek.com 10 (min.copper area PCB layout) PD(MAX) = (125°C − 25°C) / (49°C/W) = 2.04W (70mm2 copper area PCB layout) The thermal resistance θJA of SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) is determined by the package architecture design and the PCB layout design. However, the package architecture design had been designed. If possible, it's useful to increase thermal performance by the PCB layout copper design. The thermal resistance θJA can be decreased by adding copper area under the exposed pad of SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) package. As shown in Figure 4, the amount of copper area to which the SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) is mounted affects thermal performance. When mounted to the standard SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) pad (Figure 4a), θJA is 75°C/W. Adding copper area of pad under the SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) (Figure 4.b) reduces the θJA to 64°C/W. Even further, increasing the copper area of pad to 70mm2 (Figure 4.e) reduces the θJA to 49°C/W. DS8289-01 March 2011 RT8289 The maximum power dissipation depends on operating ambient temperature for fixed T J (MAX) and thermal resistance θJA. For the RT8289, the Figure 5 of derating curves allows the designer to see the effect of rising ambient temperature on the maximum power dissipation allowed. 2.2 2.0 Power Dissipation (W) (d) Copper Area = 50mm2 , θJA = 51°C/W Four Layer PCB 1.8 Copper Area 70mm2 50mm2 30mm2 10mm2 Min.Layout 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 (e) Copper Area = 70mm2 , θJA = 49°C/W 0.4 0.2 Figure 4. Themal Resistance vs. Copper Area Layout Design 0.0 0 25 50 75 100 125 Ambient Temperature (°C) Figure 5. Derating Curves for RT8289 Package Layout Consideration Follow the PCB layout guidelines for optimal performance of the RT8289. ` Keep the traces of the main current paths as short and wide as possible. ` Put the input capacitor as close as possible to the device pins (VIN and GND). ` LX node is with high frequency voltage swing and should (a) Copper Area = (2.3 x 2.3) mm2, θJA = 75°C/W be kept at small area. Keep analog components away from the LX node to prevent stray capacitive noise pickup. ` Connect feedback network behind the output capacitors. Keep the loop area small. Place the feedback components near the RT8289. ` (b) Copper Area = 10mm2, θJA = 64°C/W Connect all analog grounds to a command node and then connect the command node to the power ground behind the output capacitors. ` An example of PCB layout guide is shown in Figure 6 for reference. (c) Copper Area = 30mm2 , θJA = 54°C/W DS8289-01 March 2011 www.richtek.com 11 RT8289 SW should be connected to inductor by wide and short trace. Keep sensitive components away from this trace. SW VOUT CBOOT VOUT R1 COUT L BOOT NC 2 NC 3 FB 4 GND D1 SW 8 7 VIN 6 GND 5 EN 9 R2 COUT CIN CIN Input capacitor should be placed as close to the IC as possible. The feedback components should be connected as close to the device as possible. GND Figure 6. PCB Layout Guide Table 3. Suggested Capacitors for CIN and COUT Location Component Supplier Part No. Capacitance (μF) Case Size CIN MURATA GRM32ER71H475K 4.7 1206 CIN TAIYO YUDEN UMK325BJ475MM-T 4.7 1206 COUT SANYO 16IQC47M 47 D2 COUT SANYO 10TPE47MAIB 47 B2 COUT MURATA GRM31CR60J476M 47 1206 Table 4. Suggested Diode Component Supplier Series VRR M (V) IOUT (A) Package DIODES B550C 50 5 SMC PANJIT SK55 50 5 SMC www.richtek.com 12 DS8289-01 March 2011 RT8289 Outline Dimension H A M EXPOSED THERMAL PAD (Bottom of Package) Y J X B F C I D Dimensions In Millimeters Dimensions In Inches Symbol Min Max Min Max A 4.801 5.004 0.189 0.197 B 3.810 4.000 0.150 0.157 C 1.346 1.753 0.053 0.069 D 0.330 0.510 0.013 0.020 F 1.194 1.346 0.047 0.053 H 0.170 0.254 0.007 0.010 I 0.000 0.152 0.000 0.006 J 5.791 6.200 0.228 0.244 M 0.406 1.270 0.016 0.050 X 2.000 2.300 0.079 0.091 Y 2.000 2.300 0.079 0.091 X 2.100 2.500 0.083 0.098 Y 3.000 3.500 0.118 0.138 Option 1 Option 2 8-Lead SOP (Exposed Pad) Plastic Package Richtek Technology Corporation Richtek Technology Corporation Headquarter Taipei Office (Marketing) 5F, No. 20, Taiyuen Street, Chupei City 5F, No. 95, Minchiuan Road, Hsintien City Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C. Taipei County, Taiwan, R.O.C. Tel: (8863)5526789 Fax: (8863)5526611 Tel: (8862)86672399 Fax: (8862)86672377 Email: [email protected] Information that is provided by Richtek Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. Richtek reserves the right to make any change in circuit design, specification or other related things if necessary without notice at any time. No third party intellectual property infringement of the applications should be guaranteed by users when integrating Richtek products into any application. No legal responsibility for any said applications is assumed by Richtek. DS8289-01 March 2011 www.richtek.com 13