NSC LM2991J-QML Negative low dropout adjustable regulator Datasheet

LM2991
Negative Low Dropout Adjustable Regulator
General Description
Features
The LM2991 is a low dropout adjustable negative regulator
with a output voltage range between −3V to −24V. The
LM2991 provides up to 1A of load current and features a On
/Off pin for remote shutdown capability.
The LM2991 uses new circuit design techniques to provide a
low dropout voltage, low quiescent current and low temperature coefficient precision reference. The dropout voltage at
1A load current is typically 0.6V and a guaranteed
worst-case maximum of 1V over the entire operating temperature range. The quiescent current is typically 1 mA with
a 1A load current and an input-output voltage differential
greater than 3V. A unique circuit design of the internal bias
supply limits the quiescent current to only 9 mA (typical)
when the regulator is in the dropout mode (VOUT − VIN ≤ 3V).
The LM2991 is short-circuit proof, and thermal shutdown includes hysteresis to enhance the reliability of the device
when inadvertently overloaded for extended periods. The
LM2991 is available in 5-lead TO-220 and TO-263 packages
and is rated for operation over the automotive temperature
range of −40˚C to +125˚C. Mil-Aero versions are also available.
n Output voltage adjustable from −3V to −24V, typically
−2V to −25V
n Output current in excess of 1A
n Dropout voltage typically 0.6V at 1A load
n Low quiescent current
n Internal short circuit current limit
n Internal thermal shutdown with hysteresis
n TTL, CMOS compatible ON/OFF switch
n Functional complement to the LM2941 series
Applications
n Post switcher regulator
n Local, on-card, regulation
n Battery operated equipment
Typical Application
DS011260-1
VOUT = VREF (1 + R2/R1)
*Required if the regulator is located further than 6 inches from the power supply filter capacitors. A 1 µF solid tantalum or a 10 µF aluminum electrolytic
capacitor is recommended.
**Required for stability. Must be at least a 10 µF aluminum electrolytic or a 1 µF solid tantalum to maintain stability. May be increased without bound to
maintain regulation during transients. Locate the capacitor as close as possible to the regulator. The equivalent series resistance (ESR) is critical, and
should be less than 10Ω over the same operating temperature range as the regulator.
© 2000 National Semiconductor Corporation
DS011260
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LM2991 Negative Low Dropout Adjustable Regulator
September 2000
LM2991
Connection Diagrams and Ordering Information
5-Lead TO-220
Straight Leads
5-Lead TO-220
Bent, Staggered Leads
DS011260-9
DS011260-2
Front View
Order Number LM2991T
See NS Package Number T05A
Front View
Order Number LM2991T Flow LB03
See NS Package Number T05D
TO263
5-Lead Surface-Mount Package
DS011260-11
Top View
DS011260-12
Side View
Order Number LM2991S
See NS Package Number TS5B
16-Lead Ceramic Dual-in-Line Package
16-Lead Ceramic Surface-Mount Package
DS011260-29
DS011260-30
Top View
Order Number LM2991J-QMLV
5962-9650501VEA
Order Number LM2991J-QML
5962-9650501QEA
See NS Package Number J16A
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Top View
Order Number LM2991WG-QML
5962-9650501QXA
See NS Package Number WG16A
2
Storage Temperature Range
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
Input Voltage
ESD Susceptibility (Note 2)
Power Dissipation (Note 3)
Junction Temperature (TJmax)
−65˚C to +150˚C
230˚C
Operating Ratings (Note 1)
−26V to +0.3V
2 kV
Internally limited
125˚C
Junction Temperature Range (TJ)
Maximum Input Voltage (Operational)
−40˚C to +125˚C
−26V
Electrical Characteristics
VIN = −10V, VO = −3V, IO = 1A, CO = 47 µF, R1 = 2.7k, TJ = 25˚C, unless otherwise specified. Boldface limits apply over
the entire operating junction temperature range.
Parameter
Conditions
Typical
Min
Max
Units
−1.234
−1.186
V
−1.27
−1.15
V
−3
V
0.04
%/V
(Note 4)
Reference Voltage
5 mA ≤ IO ≤ 1A
−1.210
5 mA ≤ IO ≤ 1A,
VO − 1V ≥ VIN ≥ −26V
Output Voltage
−2
Range
VIN = −26V
Line Regulation
IO = 5 mA, VO − 1V ≥ VIN ≥ −26V
0.004
Load Regulation
50 mA ≤ IO ≤ 1A
0.04
0.4
%
Dropout Voltage
IO = 0.1A, ∆VO ≤ 100 mV
0.1
0.2
V
IO = 1A, ∆VO ≤ 100 mV
0.6
−25
−24
V
0.3
0.8
V
1
Quiescent Current
IO ≤ 1A
0.7
5
mA
Dropout Quiescent
VIN = VO, IO ≤ 1A
16
50
mA
Current
Ripple Rejection
Vripple = 1 Vrms, f
ripple
= 1 kHz,
60
50
dB
IO = 5 mA
Output Noise
10 Hz − 100 kHz, IO = 5 mA
200
450
µV
ON /OFF Input
(VOUT: ON)
1.2
0.8
V
µA
Voltage
(VOUT: OFF)
1.3
ON /OFF Input
VON/OFF = 0.8V (VOUT: ON)
0.1
10
Current
VON/OFF = 2.4V (VOUT: OFF)
40
100
Output Leakage
VIN = −26V, VON/OFF = 2.4V
60
250
Current
VOUT = 0V
Current Limit
VOUT = 0V
2
2.4
1.5
µA
A
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the deivce is intended to be functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics.
Note 2: Human body model, 100 pF discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor.
Note 3: The maximum power dissipation is a function of TJmax, θJA and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is PD = (TJmax
− TA)/θJA. If this dissipation is exceeded, the die temperature will rise above 125˚C and the LM2991 will go into thermal shutdown. For the LM2991, the
junction-to-ambient thermal resistance is 53˚C/W for the TO-220, 73˚C/W for the TO-263, and junction-to-case thermal resistance is 3˚C. If the TO-263 package is
used, the thermal resistance can be reduced by increasing the PC board copper area thermally connected to the package. Using 0.5 square inches of copper area,
θJA is 50˚C/W; with 1 square inch of copper area, θJA is 37˚C/W; and with 1.6 or more square inches of copper area, θJA is 32˚C/W.
Note 4: Typicals are at TJ = 25˚C and represent the most likely parametric norm.
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LM2991
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
LM2991
Typical Performance Characteristics
Dropout Voltage
Normalized Output Voltage
DS011260-13
Output Noise Voltage
Load Transient Response
DS011260-19
DS011260-18
Maximum Output Current
DS011260-20
Output Impedance
4
DS011260-21
ON /OFF Control Voltage
DS011260-23
DS011260-22
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Maximum Output Current
DS011260-17
DS011260-16
Ripple Rejection
DS011260-15
DS011260-14
Quiescent Current
Line Transient Response
Output Voltage
DS011260-24
(Continued)
Low Voltage Behavior
Adjust Pin Current
LM2991
Typical Performance Characteristics
Maximum Power
Dissipation (TO-220)
DS011260-26
DS011260-25
DS011260-27
Maximum Power Dissipation
(TO-263) (See Note 3)
DS011260-28
The lower stable ESR limit of 25 mΩ means that ceramic capacitors can not be used directly on the output of an LDO. A
ceramic (≥ 2.2 µF) can be used on the output if some external resistance is placed in series with it (1Ω recommended).
Dielectric types X7R or X5R must be used if the temperature
range of the application varies more than ± 25˚ from ambient
to assure the amount of capacitance is sufficient.
CERAMIC BYPASS CAPACITORS:Many designers place
distributed ceramic capacitors whose value is in the range of
1000 pF to 0.1 µF at the power input pins of the IC’s across
a circuit board. These can cause reduced phase margin or
oscillations in LDO regulators.
The advent of multi-layer boards with dedicated power and
ground planes has removed the trace inductance that (previously) provided the necessary ″decoupling″ to shield the output of the LDO from the effects of bypass capacitors.
These capacitors should be avoided if possible, and kept as
far far away from the LDO output as is practical.
Application Hints
External Capacitors
Like any low-dropout regulator, external capacitors are reqired to stabilize the control loop. These capacitors must be
correctly selected for proper performance.
INPUT CAPACITOR: An input capacitor is reqiuired if the
regulator is located more than 6″ from the input power supply
filter capacitor (or if no other input capaciotr is present).
A solid Tantalum or ceramic capacitor whose value is at least
1 µF is recommended, but an aluminum electrolytic (≥ 10 µF)
may be used. However, aluminum electrolytics should not be
used in applications where the ambient temperature can
drop below 0˚C because their internal impedance increases
significantly at cold temperatures.
OUTPUT CAPACITOR: The output capacitor must meet the
ESR limits shown in the graph, which means it must have an
ESR between about 25 mΩ and 10Ω.
A solid Tantalum (value ≥ 1 µF) is the best choice for the output capacitor. An aluminum electrolytic (≥ 10 µF) may be
used if the ESR is in the stable range.
It should be noted that the ESR of a typical aluminum electrolytic will increase by as much as 50X as the temperature
is reduced from 25˚C down to −40˚C, while a Tantalum will
exhibit an ESR increase of about 2X over the same range.
For this and other reasons, aluminum electrolytics should
not be used in applications where low operating temperatures occur.
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LM2991
Application Hints
The output voltage of the LM2991 is set externally by a resistor divider using the following equation:
(Continued)
VOUT = VREF x (1 + R2/R1) − (IADJ x R2)
Output Capacitor ESR Range
where VREF = −1.21V. The output voltage can be programmed within the range of −3V to −24V, typically an even
greater range of −2V to −25V. The adjust pin current is about
60 nA, causing a slight error in the output voltage. However,
using resistors lower than 100 kΩ makes the adjust pin current negligible. For example, neglecting the adjust pin current, and setting R2 to 100 kΩ and VOUT to −5V, results in an
output voltage error of only 0.16%.
ON/OFF PIN
The LM2991 regulator can be turned off by applying a TTL or
CMOS level high signal to the ON/OFF pin (see Adjustable
Current Sink Application).
FORCING THE OUTPUT POSITIVE
Due to an internal clamp circuit, the LM2991 can withstand
positive voltages on its output. If the voltage source pulling
the output positive is DC, the current must be limited to 1.5A.
A current over 1.5A fed back into the LM2991 could damage
the device. The LM2991 output can also withstand fast positive voltage transients up to 26V, without any current limiting
of the source. However, if the transients have a duration of
over 1 ms, the output should be clamped with a Schottky diode to ground.
DS011260-5
MINIMUM LOAD
A minimum load current of 500 µA is required for proper operation. The external resistor divider can provide the minimum load, with the resistor from the adjust pin to ground set
to 2.4 kΩ.
SETTING THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE
Typical Applications
Fully Isolated Post-Switcher Regulator
DS011260-6
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6
LM2991
Typical Applications
(Continued)
Adjustable Current Sink
DS011260-10
7
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DS011260-8
LM2991
Equivalent Schematic
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8
LM2991
Physical Dimensions
inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
5-Lead T0-220, Straight Leads (T)
Order Number LM2991T
NS Package Number T05A
5-Lead T0-220, Bent, Staggered Leads (T)
Order Number LM2991T Flow LBO3
NS Package Number T05D
9
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LM2991
Physical Dimensions
inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)
TO-263 5-Lead Plastic Surface Mount Package
Ordering Number LM2991S
NS Package Number TS5B
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10
LM2991
Physical Dimensions
inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)
16-Lead Ceramic Dual-in-Line Package
Order Number LM2991J-QMLV
5962-9650501VEA
Order Number LM2991J-QML
5962-9650501QEA
NS Package Number J16A
11
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LM2991 Negative Low Dropout Adjustable Regulator
Physical Dimensions
inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)
16-Lead Ceramic Surface-Mount Package
Order Number LM2991WG-QML
5962-9650501QXA
NS Package Number WG16A
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