CML FX002DW Signal to noise enhancer Datasheet

CML Semiconductor Products
PRODUCT INFORMATION
FX002
Signal to Noise Enhancer
Publication D/002/2 July 1994
Features
Applications
Up to 8.5dB Signal-to-Noise
Radio Communications and
Improvement
Paging Systems
Input Frequency Range: 17Hz to 13kHz
Tone Detection
[Sub-Audio and Audio Frequencies]
Sonar Detection and Analysis
Low-Voltage Operation: 2.5 Volts
Slow Data-Rate Communications
10mVrms Minimum Signal Input
Medical Equipment
Digital Output Signal (fIN x 4)
Interference Investigation
‘Divided-Down’ Clock Outputs
SIGNAL BIAS
SIGNAL IN
-
DELAY
48-BIT
+
COMPARE
LOGIC
INTERPOLATE
DELAY
48-BIT
VDD
VSS
AUTOCORRELATION
PROCESS
DELAY
24-BIT
OUTPUT
[4 x SIGNAL IN]
COMPARE
LOGIC
INTERPOLATE
OUTPUT
LOGIC
FX002
DELAY
24-BIT
CLOCKS
XTAL/CLOCK
XTAL
CLOCK
OUTPUT
6
XTAL/CLOCK
GENERATOR/
DIVIDER
CLOCK
OUTPUT
24
Fig.1 Functional Block Diagram
Brief Description
With a random noise input the output will swing
rail-to-rail at random (peak-limited). The input/output
signal delay is fixed by the choice of clock frequency
and the length of the internal register. The FX002 will
operate at supply voltages of between 2.5 volts and
5.5 volts and with Xtal/clock frequencies from 20kHz to
2.5MHz. Using various Xtal/clock inputs the device can
be set to accept input signal frequencies, in bands,
from 17.0Hz to 13.0kHz.
Two uncommited clock outputs are available to
supply 'divided-down' Xtal/clock frequencies for use in
external and peripheral functions.
This low-power signal processing device is
available in 16-pin cerdip dual-in-line (DIL) and plastic
small outline (S.O.I.C.) surface mount packages.
The FX002 is a single-chip device to extract single
periodic signals from very high random-noise
environments.
Using patented autocorrelation techniques the
FX002 will enhance the input signal's signal-to-noise
ratio by as much as 8.5dB and provide a digital output
signal centred at four times (x4) the input frequency.
The amplitude of non-periodic components of the
signal is substantially reduced. The patented
autocorrelator compares the incoming signal to itself;
the more elements of the waveform that are seen as
periodic, the higher the energy at the microcircuit
output.
The FX002 cascades two autocorrelators, each one
improving the signal-to-noise ratio.
1
Pin Number
Function
FX002DW FX002J
1
1
Signal In: The inverting input to the analogue amplifier/comparator. Used with the Signal Bias
pin; external coupling components are required (see Figure 2).
3
3
Signal Bias: The output of the analogue amplifier/comparator. Do not load this pin with
peripheral circuitry; there is no drive capacity for off-chip signalling. The feedback resistor
should be not less than 200kΩ. See Figure 2.
4
4
VDD: Positive supply rail. A single, stable power supply is required. Note that this device has
two VDD pins; this input is positioned to prevent cross-talk, either or both may be connected to
the host circuit's supply line. Do not attempt to draw current from either VDD pin.
5
5
Clock/24: A squarewave output clock signal at the rate of Xtal/clock/24; provided for peripheral
and test purposes.
6
6
Xtal: The output of the on-chip clock oscillator inverter.
8
7
Xtal/Clock: The input to the on-chip clock oscillator inverter; this may be a Xtal, resonator or
clock pulse input. The selection of this frequency will affect the operational input signal
bandwidth (and output frequency) of this device; refer to Table 2. Note that the choice of VDD
will determine the maximum Xtal/clock frequency and hence the maximum useable signal
input frequency. Operation of any CML microcircuit without an active Xtal or clock input may
cause device damage. A clock pulse input is fed directly into this pin; Xtal/clock components
are not required.
Table 1 provides a guide to maximum usable Xtal/clock frequencies at pre-determined VDD
values.
Max. Xtal/Clock
VDD (V)
Freq. (MHz)
2.5
0.625
Table 1
3.0
1.0
5.0
2.5
9
9
VSS: Negative supply rail (GND).
11
11
Clock/6: A squarewave output clock signal at the rate of Xtal/clock/6; provided for peripheral
and test purposes.
13
13
Output: (fOUT = 4 x fSIGNAL IN). The auto-correlated output signal at four times (x 4) the input
signal (see Figure 4).
There is a time delay between input and output signals (see Specifications).
16
16
VDD: Positive supply rail. A single, stable power supply is required.
Note that this device has two VDD pins; either or both may be connected to the host circuit's
supply line. Do not attempt to draw current from either VDD pin.
The choice of VDD will determine the maximum Xtal/clock frequency and hence the maximum
useable signal input frequency (see Figure 3).
2, 7, 10,
12, 14, 15
2, 8,
10, 12,
14, 15
No internal connection. Leave open-circuit.
2
Application Information
External Components
VDD
C5
SIGNAL IN
SIGNAL
INPUT
C1
x
SIGNAL BIAS
VDD
R1
XTAL/CLOCK
OUTPUT
4
XTAL
XTAL
16
2
15
x
3
14
x
4
13
FX002J
5
6
XTAL/CLOCK
C3
1
X1
x
R2
12
6
11
7
10
8
9
VSS
VDD
OUTPUT (f = 4 x SIGNAL IN)
x
CLOCK
OUTPUT
6
x
VSS
C4
C2
7
XTAL/CLOCK
VSS
VSS
Fig.2 Recommended External Components
Xtal/Clock
Freq. (kHz)
Input Freq. (Hz)
Min
Max
20
100
200
300
400
500
560
600
700
800
900
1000
2000
2500
17
88
166
250
333
416
467
500
583
667
750
833
1667
2083
105
526
1052
1579
2105
2632
2947
3158
3684
4210
4737
5263
10526
13157
BW (Hz)
Component
88
443
886
1329
1772
2216
2480
2658
3101
3543
3987
4430
8859
11074
R1
R2
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
X1
X1 range
Input Signal Frequency (Hz)
Minimum Input Frequency =
12000
Xtal/Clock Frequency (Hz)
1200
2.2MΩ
1.0MΩ
0.01µF
47.0pF -see below
47.0pF -see below
5 - 65pF -see below
1.0µF
560kHz resonator
20kHz to 2.5MHz
Table 3 Recommended External Components
Xtal/Clock Components
C4 is suggested for frequency setting when using a
resonator; when a Xtal is used C4 is omitted. Values
of capacitors C2 and C3 should be reduced for higher
Xtal frequencies and/or lower supply voltages (VDD).
Table 2 Input Signal Ranges vs Xtal/Clock Frequency
14000
Value for VDD = 5.0V
Maximum Input Frequency (Hz)
Maximum Input Frequency =
For VDD = 5.0V
Xtal/Clock Frequency (Hz)
190
10000
Maximum Clock Limit
at VDD = 3.0V
8000
Maximum Clock Limit
at VDD = 2.5V
6000
Input Signal Bandwidth (Hz)
4000
2000
Minimum Input Frequency (Hz)
0
0
500
1000
1500
Fig.3 Examples of Input Signal Ranges vs Xtal/Clock Frequency
3
2000
2500
Xtal/Clock Frequency (kHz)
Application Information ......
Level
Frequency
fSIGNAL
fOUT = 4 x fSIGNAL
IN
SIGNAL IN
IN
SIGNAL OUT
Fig.4 Example FX002 Input/Output Relationships
The diagrams in Figure 4 are example spectrums of the input and output signal conditions of the FX002.
Note that the frequency of the output signal is four times (x4) that of the input signal.
The graph shown in Figure 5 illustrates the signal-to-noise enhancement that can be obtained, under varying
input conditions, from the FX002.
Effective Output Signal-to-Noise Ratio (dB)
9
8
7
Input Signal = 2.7kHz 20mVrms
6
Xtal/Clock Frequency 500kHz
5
VDD = 5.0V
4
3
2
1
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
Input Signal-to-Noise Ratio (dB)
Fig.5 Enhancement of Signal-To-Noise Ratio
4
3
4
5
6
7
8
Specification
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Exceeding the maximum rating can result in device damage. Operation of the device outside the operating
limits is not implied.
Supply voltage
-0.3 to 7.0V
Input voltage at any pin (ref VSS = 0V)
-0.3 to (VDD + 0.3V)
Sink/source current (supply pins)
+/- 30mA
(other pins)
+/- 20mA
Total device dissipation @ TAMB 25°C
800mW Max.
Derating
10mW/°C
Operating temperature range: FX002DW
FX002J
Storage temperature range:
FX002DW
FX002J
-40°C to +85°C
-40°C to +85°C
-40°C to +85°C
-55°C to +125°C
Operating Limits
Correct operation of the device outside these limits is not implied.
Supply Voltage (VDD)
Operating Temperature
Xtal/Clock Frequency
Remarks
Min.
Max.
Unit
Note 1
2.5
-40.0
20.0
0.02
5.5
+85.0
625
2.5
V
°C
kHz
MHz
(VDD = 2.5V)
(VDD = 5.0V)
Operating Characteristics
All device characteristics are measured under the following conditions unless otherwise specified:
VDD = 5.0V, TAMB = 25°C. Xtal/Clock Frequency = 560kHz. Input Test Signal = 1.0kHz at 200mVrms.
Characteristics
Static Values
Supply Current (IDD)
See Note
2
Output Logic ‘1’
Output Logic ‘0’
Digital Output Impedance
Dynamic Values
Signal Input Levels
Analogue (Input) Amplifier Gain
3
4
5
6
Recommended Input Signal Mark-to-Space Ratio
Freq. In/Freq. Out Ratio
Maximum Xtal/Clock Frequency
1
Minimum Xtal/Clock Frequency
Frequency Input Range (Xtal/Clock = 560kHz)
(Table 2)
7
Input to Output Delay
8
Output Resolution
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
80%
-
1.0
4.0
4.0
2.5
20%
10.0
mA
mA
VDD
VDD
kΩ
10.0
20.0
9.0
10.0
35.0
4.0
2.5
500
1/1200
-
20.0
-
1000
4.0
20.0
3000
1/190
-
mVrms
dB
dB
dB
%
1.4
1/6
Notes
1. Maximum Xtal/clock frquency allowed varies with applied supply voltage (VDD).
2. IDD requirement for Xtal/clock frequency of 2.24MHz.
3. Signal input level required to provide a constant autocorrelated output.
4. Measured with a 6.0kHz sinewave at the signal input.
5. Measured with VDD = 2.5 volts.
6. Measured with a 12kHz input signal.
7. Recommended input signal frequency range to correlation circuits.
8. Input (Signal In) to output (Output) time with a 2.24MHz Xtal/clock input.
5
MHz
kHz
Hz
Xtal/Clock
ms
Xtal/Clock
Package Outlines
Handling Precautions
The FX002 is available in the package styles outlined
below. Mechanical package diagrams and specifications
are detailed in Section 10 of this document.
Pin 1 identification marking is shown on the relevant
diagram and pins on all package styles number
anti-clockwise when viewed from the top.
The FX002 is a CMOS LSI circuit which includes input
protection. However precautions should be taken to
prevent static discharges which may cause damage.
FX002DW 16-pin plastic S.O.I.C.
FX002J
(D4)
NOT TO SCALE
16-pin cerdip DIL
(J2)
NOT TO SCALE
Max. Body Length
Max. Body Width
10.49mm
7.59mm
Max. Body Length
Max. Body Width
Ordering Information
FX002DW
16-pin plastic S.O.I.C.
(D4)
FX002J
16-pin cerdip DIL
(J2)
CML does not assume any responsibility for the use of any circuitry described. No circuit patent licences are implied
and CML reserves the right at any time without notice to change the said circuitry.
6
19.48mm
7.39mm
CML Microcircuits
COMMUNICATION SEMICONDUCTORS
CML Product Data
In the process of creating a more global image, the three standard product semiconductor
companies of CML Microsystems Plc (Consumer Microcircuits Limited (UK), MX-COM, Inc
(USA) and CML Microcircuits (Singapore) Pte Ltd) have undergone name changes and, whilst
maintaining their separate new names (CML Microcircuits (UK) Ltd, CML Microcircuits (USA)
Inc and CML Microcircuits (Singapore) Pte Ltd), now operate under the single title CML Microcircuits.
These companies are all 100% owned operating companies of the CML Microsystems Plc
Group and these changes are purely changes of name and do not change any underlying legal
entities and hence will have no effect on any agreements or contacts currently in force.
CML Microcircuits Product Prefix Codes
Until the latter part of 1996, the differentiator between products manufactured and sold from
MXCOM, Inc. and Consumer Microcircuits Limited were denoted by the prefixes MX and FX
respectively. These products use the same silicon etc. and today still carry the same prefixes.
In the latter part of 1996, both companies adopted the common prefix: CMX.
This notification is relevant product information to which it is attached.
Company contact information is as below:
CML Microcircuits
(UK)Ltd
CML Microcircuits
(USA) Inc.
CML Microcircuits
(Singapore)PteLtd
COMMUNICATION SEMICONDUCTORS
COMMUNICATION SEMICONDUCTORS
COMMUNICATION SEMICONDUCTORS
Oval Park, Langford, Maldon,
Essex, CM9 6WG, England
Tel: +44 (0)1621 875500
Fax: +44 (0)1621 875600
[email protected]
www.cmlmicro.com
4800 Bethania Station Road,
Winston-Salem, NC 27105, USA
Tel: +1 336 744 5050,
0800 638 5577
Fax: +1 336 744 5054
[email protected]
www.cmlmicro.com
No 2 Kallang Pudding Road, 09-05/
06 Mactech Industrial Building,
Singapore 349307
Tel: +65 7450426
Fax: +65 7452917
[email protected]
www.cmlmicro.com
D/CML (D)/1 February 2002
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