Skyworks AAT1138 2a step-down converter with adjustable input current limit Datasheet

DATA SHEET
AAT1138
2A Step-Down Converter with Adjustable Input Current Limit
General Description
Features
The AAT1138 is a 2A synchronous step-down converter
with an integrated current-limiting load switch designed
for precise input current control applications. By guarding against excessive input current, the AAT1138 enables
the system designer to maximize the output current
from the step-down converter while protecting the input
supply. It is designed for protection of 5V USB ports and
3.3V supplies from heavy load transient conditions commonly seen with high data rate modem applications.
• VIN Range: 2.5V to 5.5 V
• VOUT Range: 0.6V to VPVIN
• System Current Limited Load Switch
▪ Programmable Over-Current Threshold
▪ < 1μs Fast Transient Response to Short Current
▪ 145mΩ Typical RDS(ON)
• Step-Down Converter
▪ Up to 2A Output Current
▪ 95% Peak Efficiency
▪ 1.2MHz Switching Frequency
▪ 135mΩ Low RDS(ON) Internal Switches
▪ 100% Duty Cycle Low Dropout Operation
▪ Soft Start
• Under-Voltage Lockout
• Independent Enable Pins
• <2μA Shutdown Current
• Over-Temperature and Current Limit Protection
• Low Profile 16-pin 3mm x 4mm TDFN Package
• -40°C to 85°C Temperature Range
The AAT1138 integrates a programmable current limited
P-channel MOSFET load switch to protect the input supply against large currents which may cause the supply to
fall out of regulation. Current limit threshold is programmed by an external resistor from SET to ground. It
can be adopted to control loads of the input supply that
requires up to 1.4A.
The AAT1138’s internal step-down converter is a 2A,
1.2MHz constant frequency current mode PWM stepdown converter. The step-down converter can run at
100% duty cycle for low dropout operation. The output
voltage can be regulated as low as 0.6V.
The AAT1138 is available in a Pb-free, low profile, 16-pin
3mm x 4mm TDFN package. The product is rated over
the -40°C to 85°C temperature range.
Applications
•
•
•
•
•
Cellular Phones
MP3 Players
PDAs and Handheld Computers
Portable Media Players
USB Devices
Typical Application
SYSIN
VIN: 2.5V - 5.5V
SYSOUT
AAT1138
CIN
1μF
TDFN34-16
ENSYS
PVIN
CSYSOUT
Ceramic Cap 22μF
+ Large Tantalum Cap
SVIN
ENBUCK
L 2.2μH
SW
R2
267kΩ
SET
RSET
11.3kΩ
COUTB
22μF
VOUT: 3.3V/
Up to 2A load pulse
FB
R1
59.0kΩ
PGND
GND
Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com
201978B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 15, 2013
1
DATA SHEET
AAT1138
2A Step-Down Converter with Adjustable Input Current Limit
Pin Descriptions
Pin #
Symbol
1, 6, 15
2, 3
4, 5
7
8
GND
SW
PGND
SYSIN
ENSYS
9
SET
10, 11
SYSOUT
12
ENBUCK
13
PVIN
14
SVIN
16
FB
EP
Function
Analog ground pin.
Switching node pin. Connect the output inductor to this pin.
Power ground pin for the step-down converter.
System input power. P-channel MOSFET source. Connect a 1μF capacitor from SYSIN to GND.
Enable input for system power load switch. Active Low.
Input current limit set input. A resistor from SET to ground sets the current limit for the input
load switch.
System output power. P-channel MOSFET drain.
Enable input for step-down converter. Active high. Connect to PVIN when enabling the stepdown converter. Do not leave ENBUCK floating.
Power supply input pin for step-down converter. Must be closely decoupled to PGND with a 22μF
or greater ceramic capacitor.
Analog supply input pin. Provides bias for internal circuitry. Connect to PVIN.
Feedback pin for step-down converter. Connect FB to the center point of the external resistor
divider. The feedback threshold voltage is 0.6V.
Exposed pad. Must be connected to bare copper ground plane.
Pin Configuration
TDFN34-16
(Top View)
GND
SW
SW
PGND
PGND
GND
SYSIN
ENSYS
2
1
16
2
15
3
14
4
5
EP
13
12
6
11
7
10
8
9
FB
GND
SVIN
PVIN
ENBUCK
SYSOUT
SYSOUT
SET
Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com
201978B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 15, 2013
DATA SHEET
AAT1138
2A Step-Down Converter with Adjustable Input Current Limit
Absolute Maximum Ratings1
TA = 25°C unless otherwise noted.
Symbol
Description
VIN
VGND
VSW, VFB
VSET, VOUT
VEN
IMAX,SYS
TJ
TLEAD
SYSIN, PVIN, SVIN to GND
PGND, GND
SW, FB to GND
SET, SYSOUT to GND
ENSYS, ENBUCK to GND
Maximum Continuous Current for SYSOUT Load Switch
Operating Junction Temperature Range
Maximum Soldering Temperature (at leads, 10 sec)
Value
Units
-0.3 to 6.0
-0.3 to 6.0
-0.3 to VIN + 0.3
-0.3 to VIN + 0.3
-0.3 to VIN + 0.3
2
-40 to 150
300
V
V
V
V
V
A
C
°C
Value
Units
68.86
1.45
°C/W
W
Thermal Characteristics
Symbol
ΘJA
PD
Description
Maximum Thermal Resistance
Maximum Power Dissipation2, 3
1. Stresses above those listed in Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Functional operation at conditions other than the operating conditions
specified is not implied. Only one Absolute Maximum Rating should be applied at any one time.
2. Mounted on an FR4 board.
3. Derate 20mW/°C above 25°C.
Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com
201978B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 15, 2013
3
DATA SHEET
AAT1138
2A Step-Down Converter with Adjustable Input Current Limit
Electrical Characteristics1
VPVIN = VSVIN = 3.6V, TA = -40°C to 85°C unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = 25°C.
Symbol
Description
VSYSIN
Input Voltage
TSD
Over-Temperature Threshold
Conditions
Input DC Supply Current
IFB
Feedback Input Bias Current
VFB_ACC
Feedback Voltage Accuracy2
VFB_TOL
Feedback Voltage Tolerance
∆VLINEREG/∆VIN
∆VLOADREG/∆IOUT
ILIM
RDS(ON)H
RDS(ON)L
FOSC
TS
VIL
VIH
ILEAK
Load Switch
IQ
IQ(OFF)
ISD(OFF)
VUVLO
RDS(ON)
TCRDS
ILIM
ILIM(MIN)
VENSYS\(L)
VENSYS\(H)
IENSYS\(SINK)
TRESP
TOFF
TON
Line Regulation
Load Regulation
Current Limit
High Side Switch on Resistance
Low Side Switch on Resistance
Oscillator Frequency
Startup Time
ENBUCK Threshold Low
ENBUCK Threshold High
ENBUCK Leakage Current
Quiescent Current
Off Supply Current
Off Switch Current
Under-Voltage Lockout
On Resistance
On Resistance Temperature Coefficient
Current Limit
Minimum Current Limit
ENSYS Input Low Voltage
ENSYS Input High Voltage
ENSYS Input Leakage
Current Limit Response Time
Turn-Off Time
Turn-On Time
Typ
2.5
VSYSIN = 5V, TJ Increasing
VSYSIN = 5V, TJ Decreasing
Step-Down Converter
VOUT
Output Voltage Range
IQ
Min
5.5
135
105
0.6
Active Mode: VFB = 0.5V
Shutdown Mode: VEN = 0V, VPVIN = 5.5V
VFB = 0.65V
ILOAD = 10mA, TA = 25°C
No load, -40°C ≤ TA
VPVIN = 2.5V to 5.5V, 10mA to 2.0A Load
VPVIN = 2.5V to 5.5V, 10mA Load, TA =
25°C
ILOAD= 0A to 2A
300
0.1
0.588
0.582
-3.0
0.60
0.60
0.10
2.5
VPVIN = 3.6V
VPVIN = 3.6V
VFB = 0.6V
Enable to output regulation
Max
0.96
0.2
3.5
135
95
1.2
1.3
VEN = 5.5V
ENSYS = GND, No Load
ENSYS = 5V
ENSYS = 5V, VSYSIN = 5V, VSYSOUT = 0V
Rising Edge, 1% Hysteresis
VSYSIN = 5.0V, TA = 25°C
VSYSIN = 4.5V, TA = 25°C
VSYSIN = 3.0V, TA = 25°C
RSET = 6.8kΩ
VSYSIN = 2.7V to 5.5V
VSYSIN = 2.7V to < 4.2V
VSYSIN ≥ 4.2V to 5.0V
VENSYS = 5.5V
VSYSIN = 5V
VSYSIN = 5V, RL = 10Ω
VSYSIN = 5V, RL = 10Ω
0.75
0.01
1.8
145
150
190
2800
1
130
C
VPVIN
500
1
30
0.612
0.618
+3.0
V
μA
μA
nA
0.20
%/V
200
150
1.44
1.0
9
V
o
0.3
1.5
-1.0
Units
25
1
1
2.4
180
V
%
%/A
A
mΩ
mΩ
MHz
ms
V
V
μA
μA
μA
μA
V
mΩ
230
1.25
0.8
2.0
2.4
ppm/°C
A
mA
V
V
0.01
0.4
4
24
1
12
200
μA
μs
μs
μs
1. The AAT1138 is guaranteed to meet performance specifications over the -40°C to +85°C operating temperature range and is assured by design, characterization, and correlation with statistical process controls.
2. The regulated feedback voltage is tested in an internal test mode that connects VFB to the output of the error amplifier.
4
Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com
201978B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 15, 2013
DATA SHEET
AAT1138
2A Step-Down Converter with Adjustable Input Current Limit
Step-Down Converter Efficiency
Step-Down Converter Efficiency
(VOUT = 1.8V; L = 22μH; COUT = CSYSOUT = 22μF)
(VOUT = 3.3V; L = 22μH; COUT = CSYSOUT = 22μF)
100
100
90
90
80
80
70
60
50
VSYSOUT = 2.5V
VSYSOUT = 3.0V
VSYSOUT = 3.6V
VSYSOUT = 4.2V
VSYSOUT = 5.0V
VSYSOUT = 5.5V
40
30
20
10
0
0.1
1
10
100
1000
Efficiency (%)
Efficiency (%)
Typical Characteristics
70
60
VSYSOUT = 3.6V
VSYSOUT = 3.7V
VSYSOUT = 4.2V
VSYSOUT = 4.5V
VSYSOUT = 5.0V
VSYSOUT = 5.5V
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.1
10000
1
Output Current (mA)
100
1000
10000
Output Current (mA)
Step-Down Converter Load Regulation
Step-Down Converter Load Regulation
(VOUT = 1.8V; L = 22μH; COUT = CSYSOUT = 22μF)
(VOUT = 3.3V; L = 22μH; COUT = CSYSOUT = 22μF)
1.2
VSYSOUT = 2.5V
VSYSOUT = 3.0V
VSYSOUT = 3.6V
VSYSOUT = 4.2V
VSYSOUT = 5.0V
VSYSOUT = 5.5V
0.8
0.4
0.0
-0.4
-0.8
Output Error (%)
1.2
Output Error (%)
10
VSYSOUT = 3.7V
VSYSOUT = 4.2V
VSYSOUT = 4.5V
VSYSOUT = 5.0V
VSYSOUT = 5.5V
0.8
0.4
0.0
-0.4
-0.8
-1.2
-1.2
0.1
400
800
1200
1600
2000
Output Current (mA)
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
Output Current (mA)
Step-Down Converter Line Regulation
vs. Input Voltage
(VOUT = 1.8V)
Output Error (%)
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
ILOAD = 1mA
ILOAD = 0.5A
ILOAD = 1A
ILOAD = 1.5A
ILOAD = 2A
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
2.5
3.1
3.7
4.3
4.9
5.5
Input Voltage (V)
Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com
201978B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 15, 2013
5
DATA SHEET
AAT1138
2A Step-Down Converter with Adjustable Input Current Limit
Typical Characteristics
Step-Down Converter Feedback Voltage
vs. Temperature
Step-Down Converter Feedback Voltage
vs. Input Voltage
(VSYSOUT = 3.6V)
0.606
0.609
0.604
0.602
0.603
VFB (V)
VFB (V)
0.606
0.600
0.600
0.597
0.598
0.594
0.596
0.591
-40
-15
10
35
60
0.594
2.5
85
2.8
3.1
3.4
3.7
4.0
4.3
4.6
4.9
5.2
5.5
Input Voltage (V)
Temperature (°C)
Step-Down Converter VENH and VENL
vs. Temperature
Step-Down Converter VENH and VENL
vs. Input Voltage
(VSYSOUT = 3.6V)
0.50
VENH
VENL
0.48
VENH and VENL (V)
VENH and VENL (V)
0.52
0.44
0.40
0.36
0.32
-40
0.47
0.44
0.41
0.38
VENH
VENL
0.35
-15
10
35
60
85
2.5
2.8
3.1
Frequency vs. Temperature
4.3
4.6
4.9
5.2
5.5
1.0
1.24
0.8
IENBUCK (μA)
Frequency (MHz)
4.0
Step-Down Converter EN Leakage
vs. Temperature
1.26
1.22
1.20
1.18
0.6
0.4
0.2
1.16
-20
0
20
40
Temperature (°C)
6
3.7
Input Voltage (V)
Temperature (°C)
1.14
-40
3.4
60
80
0.0
-40
-15
10
35
Temperature (°C)
Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com
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60
85
DATA SHEET
AAT1138
2A Step-Down Converter with Adjustable Input Current Limit
Typical Characteristics
Step-Down Converter P-Channel RDS(ON)
vs. Input Voltage
Step-Down Converter N-Channel RDS(ON)
vs. Input Voltage
150
200
T = -40°C
T = 25°C
T = 85°C
160
140
120
110
90
70
100
80
2.5
T = -40°C
T = 25°C
T = 85°C
130
RDS(ON)L (mΩ)
RDS(ON)H (mΩ)
180
2.8
3.1
3.4
3.7
4.0
4.3
4.6
4.9
5.2
5.5
50
2.5
2.8
Input Voltage (V)
3.1
3.4
3.7
4.0
4.3
4.6
4.9
5.2
5.5
Input Voltage (V)
Step-Down Converter Output Ripple
Step-Down Converter Output Ripple
(VSYSOUT = 5.0V, VOUT = 1.8V, ILOAD = 2A;
CSYSOUT = COUT = 22μF, L = 2.2μH)
(VSYSOUT = 3.6V, VOUT = 1.8V, ILOAD = 10mA;
CSYSOUT = COUT = 22μF, L = 2.2μH)
VSW
(2V/div)
VSW
(2V/div)
0
0
VOUT
0
(20mV/div)
VOUT
0
(10mV/div)
IINDUCTOR
(1A/div)
IINDUCTOR
(100mA/div)
0
0
Time (800ns/div)
Time (2μs/div)
Step-Down Converter Output Ripple
Step-Down Converter Output Ripple
(VSYSOUT = 5.0V, VOUT = 3.3V, ILOAD = 2A;
CSYSOUT = COUT = 22μF, L = 2.2μH)
(VSYSOUT = 5.0V, VOUT = 3.3V, ILOAD = 10mA;
CSYSOUT = COUT = 22μF, L = 2.2μH)
VSW
(2V/div)
VSW
(2V/div)
0
0
VOUT
0
(20mV/div)
VOUT
0
(10mV/div)
IINDUCTOR
(1A/div)
IINDUCTOR
(100mA/div) 0
0
Time (800ns/div)
Time (2μs/div)
Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com
201978B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 15, 2013
7
DATA SHEET
AAT1138
2A Step-Down Converter with Adjustable Input Current Limit
Typical Characteristics
Step-Down Converter Output Ripple
Step-Down Converter Output Ripple
(VSYSOUT = 5.0V, VOUT = 3.8V, ILOAD = 2A;
CSYSOUT = COUT = 22μF, L = 2.2μH)
(VSYSOUT = 5.0V, VOUT = 3.8V, ILOAD = 10mA;
CSYSOUT = COUT = 22μF, L = 2.2μH)
VSW
(2V/div)
VSW
(2V/div)
0
0
VOUT
0
(20mV/div)
VOUT
(10mV/div)
IINDUCTOR
(1A/div)
0
IINDUCTOR
(100mA/div)
0
0
Time (800ns/div)
VOUT
(200mV/div)
Step-Down Converter Load Transient
Step-Down Converter Load Transient
(10mA to 2A; VSYSOUT = 3.6V, VOUT = 1.8V;
COUT = 22μF, CFF = 100pF, L = 2.2μH)
(10mA to 2A; VSYSOUT = 5.0V, VOUT = 3.3V;
COUT = 22μF, CFF = 100pF, L = 2.2μH)
VOUT
(200mV/div)
0
ILOAD
(1A/div)
Time (2μs/div)
0
ILOAD
(1A/div)
10mA
10mA
Time (40μs/div)
Time (40μs/div)
Step-Down Converter Line Transient
Step-Down Converter Line Transient
(VSYSOUT = 3.6V to 4.2V; VOUT = 1.8V; ILOAD = 2A;
COUT = 22μF, CFF = 100pF, L = 2.2μH)
(VSYSOUT = 4.5V to 5.0V; VOUT = 3.3V; ILOAD = 2A;
COUT = 22μF, CFF = 100pF, L = 2.2μH)
VSYSOUT
(2V/div)
VSYSOUT
(2V/div)
0
VOUT
(50mV/div)
0
VOUT
(50mV/div)
0
Time (100μs/div)
8
0
Time (100μs/div)
Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com
201978B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 15, 2013
DATA SHEET
AAT1138
2A Step-Down Converter with Adjustable Input Current Limit
Typical Characteristics
Step-Down Converter Start-Up Sequence
Step-Down Converter Start-Up Sequence
(VSYSOUT = 3.6V; VOUT = 1.8V; ILOAD = 2A,
CSYSOUT = COUT = 22μF, L = 2.2μH)
(VSYSOUT = 5.0V; VOUT = 3.3V; ILOAD = 2A,
CSYSOUT = COUT = 22μF, L = 2.2μH)
EN
(2V/div) 0
EN
(2V/div)
VOUT 0
(2V/div)
VOUT 0
(2V/div)
ISYSOUT 0
(500mA/div)
ISYSOUT
(500mA/div) 0
0
Time (400μs/div)
Time (400μs/div)
Quiescent Current vs. Input Voltage
Quiescent Current vs. Temperature
(VIN = 5.0V)
4000
500
VOUT = 1.8V
VOUT = 3.3V
VOUT = 3.8V
3200
470
IQ (μA)
IQ (μA)
440
2400
1600
380
800
0
2.5
410
VOUT = 1.8V
VOUT = 3.3V
VOUT = 3.8V
350
2.8
3.1
3.4
3.7
4.0
4.3
4.6
4.9
5.2
5.5
Input Voltage (V)
320
-40
-15
10
35
60
85
Temperature (°C)
Shutdown Current vs. Temperature
0.10
ISD (μA)
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
-40
-15
10
35
60
85
Temperature (°C)
Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com
201978B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 15, 2013
9
DATA SHEET
AAT1138
2A Step-Down Converter with Adjustable Input Current Limit
Typical Characteristics
Switch Turn On
Switch Turn Off
(VIN = 5V; RL = 10Ω; CSYSOUT = 22μF)
(VIN = 5V; RL = 10Ω; CSYSOUT = 22μF)
EN
(2V/div)
EN
(2V/div)
0
0
VOUT
(2V/div)
VOUT
(2V/div) 0
0
Time (4μs/div)
Time (4μs/div)
Switch Short Circuit Response
Switch RSET vs. ILIM
(VIN = 5V; RLOAD = 0.3Ω)
(VIN = 5.0V; VIN - VOUT = 0.5V)
100
VIN
(2V/div)
RSET (kΩ)
VOUT 0
(5V/div) 0
10
IOUT
(2A/div)
0
1
100
1000
10000
ILIM (mA)
Time (1μs/div)
Switch Current Limit vs. Temperature
Switch RDS(ON) vs. Input Voltage
(VIN = 5.0V; RSET = 11.3KΩ)
0.22
700
690
RDS(ON) (Ω)
ILIM (mA)
0.20
680
670
0.16
660
650
-40
-15
10
35
Temperature (°C)
10
0.18
60
85
0.14
2.5
2.8
3.1
3.4
3.7
4.0
4.3
4.6
4.9
Input Voltage (V)
Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com
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5.2
5.5
DATA SHEET
AAT1138
2A Step-Down Converter with Adjustable Input Current Limit
Typical Characteristics
Switch VEN(H) and VEN(L) vs. Input Voltage
Switch VENH and VENL vs. Temperature
2.4
2.5
2.1
2.3
VENH and VENL (V)
VEN(H) and VEN(L) (Ω)
(VIN = 5.0V; RSET = 11.3KΩ)
1.8
1.5
1.2
VEN(H)
VEN(L)
0.9
2.5
2.8
3.1
3.4
3.7
4.0
4.3
4.6
4.9
5.2
5.5
Input Voltage (V)
VENH
VENL
2.1
1.9
1.7
1.5
-40
-15
10
35
60
85
Temperature (°C)
Switch EN Leakage vs. Temperature
0.20
ISYSEN (μA)
0.16
0.12
0.08
0.04
0.00
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
Temperature (°C)
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DATA SHEET
AAT1138
2A Step-Down Converter with Adjustable Input Current Limit
Functional Block Diagram
SYSOUT
1.2V
Ref.
SET
Current
Limit
GND
VP
Load Switch
Control
SVIN
EN
PVIN
ENSYS
Current
Limit
FB
600mV
Reference
ENBUCK
Functional Description
The AAT1138 is a high performance 2A 1.2MHz synchronous step-down converter with a programmable current
limited P-channel load switch. It is designed with the
goal of high performance with precise input current control under up to 2A load pulse on the step-down converter output.
The P-channel load switch is adopted to limit the system
input current. The current limit value is programmed by
external resistor between SET and GND. Its fast transient response time make it protect the system input
power ideally.
The 2A step-down converter employs internal error
amplifier and compensation. It provides excellent transient response, load and line regulation. Its output voltage is programmed by an external resistor divider from
0.6V to converter input voltage. Soft start eliminates any
output voltage overshoot when the enable or input volt-
12
VP
Step-Down
Converter
SW
EN
PGND
age is applied. Dropout mode makes the converter
increase the switch duty cycle to 100% and the output
voltage tracks the input voltage minus the RDS(ON) drop of
the P-channel high-side MOSFET of the converter.
The AAT1138's input voltage range is 2.5V to 5.5V. Two
independent enable pins control the load switch and
step-down converter separately. The converter efficiency
has been optimized for all load conditions, ranging from
no load to 2A.
Step-Down Converter Control Loop
The internal DC-DC converter of the AAT1138 is a peak
current mode synchronous step-down converter. The
current through the P-channel MOSFET (high side) is
sensed for current loop control, as well as short circuit
and overload protection. A slope compensation signal is
added to the sensed current to maintain stability for duty
cycles greater than 50%. The peak current mode loop
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DATA SHEET
AAT1138
2A Step-Down Converter with Adjustable Input Current Limit
appears as a voltage-programmed current source in parallel with the output capacitor. The output of the voltage
error amplifier programs the current mode loop for the
necessary peak switch current to force a constant output
voltage for all load and line conditions. Internal loop
compensation terminates the transconductance voltage
error amplifier output. For fixed voltage versions, the
error amplifier reference voltage is internally set to program the converter output voltage. For the adjustable
output, the error amplifier reference is fixed at 0.6V.
Enable/Soft Start
Current Limit
When the step-down converter input voltage VPVIN is
close to the value of the output voltage, the main switch
is allowed to remain on for more than one switching cycle
and increases the duty cycle until it reaches 100%. The
duty cycle D of a step-down converter is defined as:
The AAT1138 includes two kinds of current limit. One is
input current limit by the load switch; the other is inductor current limit by the high-side MOSFET current sense
loop of the step-down converter. For overload conditions,
the input current is limited by RSET and the peak inductor
current is limited to 3.5A. To minimize power dissipation
and stresses under current limit and short-circuit conditions, step-down converter switching is terminated after
entering current limit for a series of pulses. The termination lasts for seven consecutive clock cycles after a current limit has been sensed during a series of four consecutive clock cycles.
Over-Temperature Protection
Thermal protection completely disables load switch and
step-down converter switching when internal dissipation
becomes excessive. The junction over-temperature
threshold is 125°C with 10°C of hysteresis. Once an
over-temperature or over-current fault condition is
removed, the output voltage automatically recovers.
AAT1138 has two independent enable pins: ENSYS and
ENBUCK. When ENSYS is pulled high, the current limit
load switch is turned off and SYSOUT drops to zero.
When ENBUCK is pulled low, the step-down converter is
forced into the low-power, no-switching state. Soft start
of the step-down converter limits the current surge seen
at the input and eliminates output voltage overshoot.
Dropout Operation
D = TON · fOSC · 100% =
VOUT
· 100%
VIN
Where TON is the main switch on time and fOSC is the oscillator frequency 1.2MHz. The output voltage then is the
input voltage minus the voltage drop across the main
switch and the inductor. At low input supply voltage, the
RDS(ON) of the P-channel MOSFET increases, and the efficiency of the converter decreases. Caution must be exercised to ensure the heat dissipated does not exceed the
maximum junction temperature of the IC.
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13
DATA SHEET
AAT1138
2A Step-Down Converter with Adjustable Input Current Limit
Application Information
Setting the Load Switch Current Limit
The AAT1138's load switch current limit can be programmed by an external resistor RSET from SET to GND.
In most applications, the variation in ILIM must be taken
into account when determining RSET. The ILIM variation is
due to processing variations from part to part, as well as
variations in the voltages at SYSIN and SYSOUT, plus the
operating temperature. Together, these three factors add
up to a ±25% tolerance (see load switch ILIM specification
in Electrical Characteristics section). Figure 1 illustrates
a cold device with a statistically higher current limit and
a hot device with a statistically lower current limit, both
with RSET equal to 10.3kΩ. A 10.3kΩ RSET resistor sets the
typical current limit to 0.665A. This figure shows that the
actual current limit will be at least 0.5A and no greater
than 0.83A.
1.2
1.0
At -40°C
ISYSOUT (A)
0.83A
0.8
0.6
0.5A
0.4
At 85°C
0.2
0.0
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
VSYSOUT (V
V)
Figure 1: Load Switch Current Limit
(RSET = 10.3kΩ).
Though the relationship between typical ILIM and RSET is
not linear throughout the current limit setting range,
there is constant coefficient between them within a small
enough current limit range for the system designer to
select a suitable RSET value. Table 1 shows the current
limit range using a standard 1% metal film resistor. To
determine RSET, start with the maximum allowable input
current from SYSIN as minimum ILIM and multiply by 1.33
to derive the typical ILIM value. Next, refer to Table 1 to
find the constant coefficient ILIM range which includes the
calculated ILIM value and get the constant coefficient value
c. Then calculate the RSET by the following formula:
RSET = RSET_Max - (ILIM - ILIM_Range_Low ) · c
RSET_Max is the maximum standard RSET resistance at the
certain constant coefficient current limit range.
ILIM is the calculated typical current limit.
ILIM_Range_Low is the low terminal of the current limit
range.
c is the coefficient of the current limit range.
Example: Select RSET for 500mA current limit.
The typical current limit is ILIM = 500 · 1.33 = 665mA.
The constant coefficient current range is 600mA to
700mA and c = 25000. Therefore:
RSET = 13kΩ - (665mA - 600mA) · 25000 = 11.375kΩ
Select a standard 11.3kΩ resistor for RSET. Considering
the ±25% tolerance, the current limit will be greater
than 500mA but less than 831mA.
ILIM Typ.
(mA)
Constant Coefficient c
of RSET / ILIM
1% Standard
RSET (kΩ)
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
186000
120000
56000
50000
36000
32000
30000
34000
25000
16300
13700
6900
7700
5500
5000
3500
40.2
30.9
24.9
22.1
19.6
17.8
16.2
14.7
13.0
10.5
8.87
7.50
6.81
6.04
5.49
4.99
4.64
Table 1: Current Limit RSET Values.
Dropout Voltage
Dropout voltage is determined by RDS(ON) and the current
passing through it. AAT1138 load switch maximum
RDS(ON) is 180mΩ for USB applicationa and the step-down
converter high side RDS(ON) is maximum 200mΩ. So for a
500mA load switch current limit setting (the load switch
always limits below 831mA as described above), the load
switch maximum dropout voltage can be calculated by:
VDropout_Switch = 831mA · 180mΩ = 0.15V
14
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DATA SHEET
AAT1138
2A Step-Down Converter with Adjustable Input Current Limit
To 2A step-down converter, the maximum dropout voltage is:
VDropout_Buck = 2A · 200mΩ = 0.4V
Operation in Heavy Load Pulse
When a heavy load pulse is applied to the output of
AAT1138 as typical application shows, the input current
is limited to the value of ILIM determined by RSET. At this
time, CSYSOUT has the important role of providing enough
current and voltage to the step-down converter input to
bring it into regulation. The duty cycle of the heavy load
pulse should not exceed the maximum value which allows
sufficient time to charge CSYSOUT from VIN and balance the
capacitor charging and discharging to make the operation
normally. Figure 2 shows the operation waveform at 5V
VIN and 3.8V VOUT with a 2A load pulse applied when RSET
= 11.5kΩ, CIN = 1μF, CSYSOUT = 22μF ceramic capacitor +
4x330μF tantalum capacitor, and COUTB = 22μF.
VIN
(100mV/div)
VSYSOUT
(AC Coupled)
(1V/div)
VOUT
(200mV/div)
Capacitor Selection
CSYSOUT Selection
CSYSOUT is not only the load switch output capacitor but
also the step-down converter input capacitor. It is
designed to provide the additional input current and
maintain the SYSOUT voltage for the step-down converter when load switch limits the input current from
SYSIN. If the input voltage of the step-down converter
(VPVIN and VSVIN) is lower than the VOUT plus the dropout
voltage, the AAT1138 enters dropout mode.
CSYSOUT minimum value can be calculated by the following
steps:
First, calculate the allowed maximum delta voltage on
CSYSOUT to keep Vout in regulation:
∆VSYSOUT = VIN - VOUT - VDropout_Switch - VDropout_Buck
Second, calculate the required input current at SYSOUT
for the step-down converter:
5V
IBUCKIN =
3.8V
IIN
(500mA/div)
0A
IOUT
(2A/div)
0A
VOUT · IOUT
(VIN - VDropout_Switch) · η
Next, calculate the maximum current CSYSOUT should provide:
ICSYSOUT = IBUCKIN - ILIM
Finally, derive the CSYSOUT at certain load on period TON.
CSYSOUT_Min =
Time (1ms/div)
Figure 2: AAT1138 Operation Waveform when 2A
217Hz 12.5% Load Pulse is Applied.
ICSYSOUT · TON
ΔVSYSOUT
Example: A 2A 217Hz 12.5% load pulse is applied on
3.8V VOUT in 5V VIN and 500mA load switch current limit.
Under the condition, VDropout_Switch is 0.15V. VDropout_Buck is
0.4V. Therefore:
∆VSYSOUT = 5 - 3.8 - 0.15 - 0.4 = 0.65V
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15
DATA SHEET
AAT1138
2A Step-Down Converter with Adjustable Input Current Limit
Considering the step-down converter at 2A 3.8V VOUT is
90%.
IBUCKIN =
3.8 · 2
= 1.74A
(5 - 0.15) · 90%
ICSYSOUT = 1.74 - 0.5 = 1.24A
In many practical designs, to get the required ESR, a
capacitor with much more capacitance than is needed
must be selected.
For both continuous and discontinuous inductor current
mode operation, the ESR of the COUT needed to limit the
ripple to ΔVO, V peak-to-peak is:
ESR ≤
TON is 576μs for a 217Hz 12.5% duty cycle load pulse.
CSYSOUT_Min =
1.24A · 576μs
= 1099μF
0.65V
Considering 20% capacitance tolerance, the minimum
capacitance should be 1319μF. So select 4x330μF tantalum capacitor as CSYSOUT, as well as an additional 22μF
ceramic capacitor to closely filter the input voltage
VSYSOUT of the step-down converter on the PCB board.
COUTB Selection
The value of output capacitance is generally selected to
limit output voltage ripple to the level required by the
specification. Since the ripple current in the output
inductor is usually determined by L, VOUT and VIN, the
series impedance of the capacitor primarily determines
the output voltage ripple. The three elements of the
capacitor that contribute to its impedance (and output
voltage ripple) are equivalent series resistance (ESR),
equivalent series inductance (ESL), and capacitance (C).
The formula below gives the general output voltage ripple calculation:
∆VOUT ≤
VOUT · (VIN - VOUT)
1
VIN · fOSC · L · ESR + 8 · fOSC · COUT
The output voltage droop due to a load transient is
dominated by the capacitance of the output capacitor.
During a step increase in load current, the output capacitor alone supplies the load current until the loop
responds. Within three switching cycles, the loop
responds and the inductor current increases to match
the load current demand. The relationship of the output
voltage droop during the three switching cycles to the
output capacitance can be estimated by:
COUT =
16
3 · ΔILOAD
VDROOP · FOSC
ΔVO
ΔIL
ESL can be a problem by causing ringing in the low
megahertz region but can be controlled by choosing low
ESL capacitors, limiting lead length (PCB and capacitor),
and replacing one large device with several smaller ones
connected in parallel.
In conclusion, in order to meet the requirement of low
output voltage ripple and regulation loop stability, ceramic capacitors with X5R or X7R dielectrics are recommended due to their low ESR and high ripple current ratings. A
22μF ceramic capacitor can satisfy most applications.
Inductor Selection
For most designs, the AAT1138 operates with inductor
values of 2.0μH to 6.8μH. Inductors with low inductance
values are physically smaller but generate higher inductor current ripple leading to higher output voltage ripple.
Refer to the “Capacitor Selection” section of this datasheet
for the output ripple calculation. The inductor ripple current can be derived from the following equation:
∆IL ≤
VOUT · (VIN - VOUT)
VIN · fOSC · L
Large value inductors lower ripple current and small
value inductors result in high ripple currents. Choose
inductor ripple current approximately 30% of the maximum load current 2A, or
∆IL = 600mA
Manufacturer’s specifications list both the inductor DC
current rating, which is a thermal limitation, and the
peak current rating, which is determined by the saturation characteristics. The inductor should not show any
appreciable saturation under normal load conditions. The
DC current rating of the inductor should be at least equal
to the maximum load current plus half the inductor ripple current to prevent core saturation (2A + 300mA).
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DATA SHEET
AAT1138
2A Step-Down Converter with Adjustable Input Current Limit
Manufacturer
Part Number
Value
Voltage
Tolerance
Temp. Co.
ESR (mΩ)
Case
Murata
GRM21BR60J226ME39
TAJD337M006R
TPSD337M006R0150
TAJD477M006R
TPSD477M006R0150
TAJD687M006R
TPSD687M006R0100
T491D337M006AT
T495D337M006ATE100
T491D477M006AT
T495D477M006ATE150
T491D687M006ZT
T495D687M006ZTE150
22μF
330μF
330μF
470μF
470μF
680μF
680μF
330μF
330μF
470μF
470μF
680μF
680μF
6.3
6.3
6.3
6.3
6.3
6.3
6.3
6.3
6.3
6.3
6.3
6.3
6.3
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
X5R
X5R
X5R
X5R
X5R
X5R
X5R
X5R
X5R
X5R
X5R
X5R
X5R
26
400
150
400
150
500
100
400
100
400
150
500
150
0805
7343
7343
7343
7343
7343
7343
7343
7343
7343
7343
7343
7343
AVX
KEMET
Table 2: Surface Mount Capacitors.
Manufacturer
Part Number
Inductance
(μH)
Saturation
Current (A)
DCR Typ.
(mΩ)
Size (mm)
LxWxH
Type
CDRH5D16
CDRH5D16
CDRH8D28
SD53
SD53
SD53
2.2
3.3
4.7
2.0
3.3
4.7
3.0
2.6
3.4
3.3
2.6
2.1
28.7
35.6
19
23
29
39
5.8x5.8x1.8
5.8x5.8x1.8
8.3x8.3x3.0
5.2x5.2x3.0
5.2x5.2x3.0
5.2x5.2x3.0
Shielded
Shielded
Shielded
Shielded
Shielded
Shielded
Sumida
Coiltronics
Table 3: Surface Mount Inductors.
Adjustable Output Resistor Selection
For applications requiring an adjustable output voltage,
the 0.6V version can be externally programmed. Resistors
R1 and R2 of Figure 3 program the output to regulate at
a voltage higher than 0.6V. To limit the bias current
required for the external feedback resistor string while
maintaining good noise immunity, the minimum suggested value for R2 is 59kΩ and the R1+R2 should be
less than 1.5MΩ. The external resistor sets the output
voltage according to the following equation:
R1
VOUT = 0.6 · 1 + R2
R1 =
VOUT
0.6 -1 · R2
Table 4 summarizes the standard 1% metal film resistor
values for various output voltages with R2 set to 59kΩ.
VOUT (V)
R2 = 59kΩ
R1 (kΩ)
1.0
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.0
2.5
3.3
3.6
3.8
4.2
39.2
59.0
88.7
118
137
187
267
294
316
357
Table 4: Resistor Selections for
Different Output Voltage Settings.
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17
DATA SHEET
AAT1138
2A Step-Down Converter with Adjustable Input Current Limit
Layout Guidance
4.
When laying out the PC board, the following layout
guidelines should be followed to ensure proper operation
of the AAT1138:
5.
1.
2.
3.
The exposed pad (EP) must be reliably soldered to
the GND plane. A GND pad below EP is strongly recommended.
The power traces, including the GND trace, the SW
trace and the SYSIN, SYSOUT trace should be kept
short, direct and wide to allow large current flow.
The L1 connection to the SW pins should be as short
as possible. Do not put any signal lines under the
inductor.
The input capacitor (C1 and C21) should connect as
closely as possible to SYSIN and SYSOUT and GND
to get good power filtering.
6.
Keep the switching node, SW away from the sensitive FB node.
The feedback trace should be separate from any
power trace and connect as closely as possible to the
load point. Sensing along a high-current load trace
will degrade DC load regulation. External feedback
resistors should be placed as closely as possible to
the FB pin to minimize the length of the high impedance feedback trace.
The resistance of the trace from the load return to
GND should be kept to a minimum. This will help to
minimize any error in DC regulation due to differences in the potential of the internal signal ground
and the power ground.
R2
59k
C4
100pF
R1
316k
SYSOUT
SW
L1
2.2μH
VOUT
U1
1
2
3
C32
330μF
C31
22μF
4
5
6
7
VIN
8
C1
1μF
C21
22μF
AAT1138
GND
FB
SW
GND
SW
SVIN
PVIN
PGND
PGND
ENBUCK
EP SYSOUT
GND
SYSIN
SYSOUT
ENSYS
SET
C22
C23
330μF 330μF
C24
330μF
16
15
GND
14
13
12
11
ENBUCK
10
9
RSET
11.5k
ENSYS
Figure 3: AAT1138 Evaluation Board Schematic.
18
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C25
330μF
DATA SHEET
AAT1138
2A Step-Down Converter with Adjustable Input Current Limit
Figure 4: AAT1138 Evaluation Board
Layout Top Layer.
Figure 5: AAT1138 Evaluation Board
Layout Bottom Layer.
Designation
Part Number
Description
Manufacturer
U1
C1
C4
C21, C31
C22, C23, C24, C25, C32
L1
R1
R2
RSET
AAT1138IRN-0.6-T1
GRM21BR71E105K
GRM1885C1H101J
GRM21BR60J226M
TPSY337M006R0150
CDRH5D16-2R2
RC0603FR-07316KL
RC0603FR-0759KL
RC0603FR-0711K5L
2A Buck with Current Limit
CAP Ceramic 1μF 0805 X7R 25V 10%
CAP Ceramic 100pF 0603 COG 50V 5%
CAP Ceramic 22μF 0805 X5R 6.3V 20%
Cap Tan 330μF Y case 6.3V 20%
Power Inductor 2.2μH 3.0A SMD
RES 316KΩ 1/10W 1% 0603 SMD
RES 59KΩ 1/10W 1% 0603 SMD
RES 11.5KΩ 1/10W 1% 0603 SMD
Skyworks
Murata
AVX
Sumida
Yageo
Table 5: AAT1138 Evaluation Board Bill of Materials (BOM).
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19
DATA SHEET
AAT1138
2A Step-Down Converter with Adjustable Input Current Limit
Ordering Information
Output Voltage
Package
Marking1
Part Number (Tape and Reel)2
Adjustable ≥ 0.6V
TDFN34-16
7BXYY
AAT1138IRN-0.6-T1
Skyworks Green™ products are compliant with
all applicable legislation and are halogen-free.
For additional information, refer to Skyworks
Definition of Green™, document number
SQ04-0074.
Package Information
TDFN34-163
3.000 ± 0.050
0.450 ± 0.050
1.600 ± 0.050
Detail "A"
0.230 ± 0.050
0.450 ± 0.050
3.300 ± 0.050
4.000 ± 0.050
Index Area
Top View
Bottom View
0.750 ± 0.050
Detail "A"
0.000
+ 0.100
-0.000
0.203 REF
Side View
All dimensions in millimeters.
1. XYY = assembly and date code.
2. Sample stock is generally held on part numbers listed in BOLD.
3. The leadless package family, which includes QFN, TQFN, DFN, TDFN and STDFN, has exposed copper (unplated) at the end of the lead terminals due to the manufacturing
process. A solder fillet at the exposed copper edge cannot be guaranteed and is not required to ensure a proper bottom solder connection.
20
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DATA SHEET
AAT1138
2A Step-Down Converter with Adjustable Input Current Limit
Copyright © 2012, 2013 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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NOT WARRANT THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE INFORMATION, TEXT, GRAPHICS OR OTHER ITEMS CONTAINED WITHIN THESE MATERIALS. SKYWORKS SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, STATUTORY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOST REVENUES OR LOST PROFITS THAT MAY RESULT FROM
THE USE OF THE MATERIALS OR INFORMATION, WHETHER OR NOT THE RECIPIENT OF MATERIALS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
Skyworks products are not intended for use in medical, lifesaving or life-sustaining applications, or other equipment in which the failure of the Skyworks products could lead to personal injury, death, physical or environmental damage. Skyworks customers using or selling Skyworks products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Skyworks for any damages resulting from such improper
use or sale.
Customers are responsible for their products and applications using Skyworks products, which may deviate from published specifications as a result of design defects, errors, or operation of products outside of published parameters or design specifications. Customers should include design and operating safeguards to minimize these and other risks. Skyworks assumes no liability for applications assistance, customer product
design, or damage to any equipment resulting from the use of Skyworks products outside of stated published specifications or parameters.
Skyworks, the Skyworks symbol, and “Breakthrough Simplicity” are trademarks or registered trademarks of Skyworks Solutions, Inc., in the United States and other countries. Third-party brands and names are for
identification purposes only, and are the property of their respective owners. Additional information, including relevant terms and conditions, posted at www.skyworksinc.com, are incorporated by reference.
Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com
201978B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 15, 2013
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