ON AX5043 Advanced high performance ask Datasheet

AX5043
Advanced High Performance
ASK and FSK Narrow-band
Transceiver for
27 - 1050 MHz Range
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OVERVIEW
Features
• 0 dBm Maximum Input Power
• > ±10% Data−rate Error Tolerance
• Support for Antenna Diversity with External Antenna
Advanced Multi−channel Narrow−band Single Chip
UHF Transceiver (FSK/MSK/4−FSK/GFSK/GMSK/
ASK/AFSK/FM/PSK)
Low−Power
• RX
9.5 mA @ 868 MHz and 433 MHz
6.5 mA @ 169 Hz
• TX at 868 Mhz
7.5 mA @ 0 dBm
16 mA @ 10 dBm
48 mA @ 16 dBm
• 50 nA Deep Sleep Current
• 500 nA Power−down Current with Low Frequency
Duty Cycle Clock Running
•
•
Transmitter
• Data−rates from 0.1 kbps to 125 kbps
• High Efficiency, High Linearity Integrated Power
Amplifier
• Maximum Output Power
16 dBm @ 868 MHz
16 dBm @ 433 MHz
16 dBm @ 169 MHz
• Power Level programmable in 0.5 dB Steps
• GFSK Shaping with BT = 0.3 or BT = 0.5
• Unrestricted Power Ramp Shaping
Extended Supply Voltage Range
• 1.8 V − 3.6 V Single Supply
High Sensitivity / High Selectivity Receiver
• Data Rates from 0.1 kbps to 125 kbps
• Optional Forward Error Correction (FEC)
• Sensitivity without FEC
Frequency Generation
• Configurable for Usage in 27 MHz −1050 MHz Bands
• RF Carrier Frequency and FSK Deviation
Programmable in 1 Hz Steps
• Ultra Fast Settling RF Frequency Synthesizer for
Low−power Consumption
• Fully Integrated RF Frequency Synthesizer with VCO
Auto−ranging and Band−width Boost Modes for Fast
Locking
• Configurable for either Fully Integrated VCO, Internal
VCO with External Inductor or Fully External VCO
• Configurable for either Fully Integrated or External
Synthesizer Loop Filter for a Large Range of
Bandwidths
• Channel Hopping up to 2000 hops/s
• Automatic Frequency Control (AFC)
−135 dBm @ 0.1 kbps, 868 MHz, FSK
−126 dBm @ 1 kbps, 868 MHz, FSK
−117 dBm @ 10 kbps, 868 MHz, FSK
−107 dBm @ 100 kbps, 868 MHz, FSK
−105 dBm @ 125 kbps, 868 MHz, FSK
•
•
−138 dBm @ 0.1 kbps, 868 MHz, PSK
−130 dBm @ 1 kbps, 868 MHz, PSK
−120 dBm @ 10 kbps, 868 MHz, PSK
−109 dBm @ 100 kbps, 868 MHz, PSK
−108 dBm @ 125 kbps, 868 MHz, PSK
Sensitivity with FEC
−137 dBm @ 0.1 kbps, 868 MHz, FSK
−122 dBm @ 5 kbps, 868 MHz, FSK
−111 dBm @ 50 kbps, 868 MHz, FSK
High Selectivity Receiver with up to 47 dB Adjacent
Channel Rejection
© Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2015
October, 2015 − Rev. 2
Switch
Short Preamble Modes allow the Receiver to work with
as little as 16 Preamble Bits
Fast State Switching Times
200 ms TX → RX Switching Time
62 ms RX → TX Switching Time
1
Publication Order Number:
AX5043/D
AX5043
Flexible Antenna Interface
• Integrated RX/TX Switching with Differential Antenna
Pins
• Mode with Differential RX Pins and Single−ended TX
Pin for Usage with External PAs and for Maximum PA
Efficiency at Low Output Power
Advanced Crystal Oscillator (RF Reference Oscillator)
• Fast Start−up and Lowest Power Steady−state XTAL
Oscillator for a Wide Range of Crystals
• Integrated Crystal Tuning Capacitors
• Possibility of Applying an External Clock Reference
(TCXO)
Wakeup−on−Radio
Miscellaneous Features
• Few External Components
• SPI Microcontroller Interface
• Extended AXSEM Register Set
• Fully Integrated Current/Voltage References
• QFN28 5 mm x 5 mm Package
• Internal Power−on−Reset
• Brown−out Detection
• 10 Bit 1 MS/s General Purpose ADC (GPADC)
• 640 Hz or 10 kHz Lowest Power Wake−up Timer
• Wake−up Time Interval programmable between 98 ms
and 102 s
Sophisticated Radio Controller
• Antenna Diversity and Optional External RX/TX
Switch Control
• Fully Automatic Packet Reception and Transmission
without Micro−controller Intervention
• Supports HDLC, Raw, Wireless M−Bus Frames and
Arbitrary Defined Frames
• Automatic Channel Noise Level Tracking
• ms Resolution Timestamps for Exact Timing (eg. for
Frequency Hopping Systems)
• 256 Byte Micro−programmable FIFO, optionally
supports Packet Sizes > 256 Bytes
• Three Matching Units for Preamble Byte, Sync−word
and Address
• Ability to store RSSI, Frequency Offset and Data−rate
Offset with the Packet Data
• Multiple Receiver Parameter Sets allow the use of more
aggressive Receiver Parameters during Preamble,
dramatically shortening the Required Preamble Length
at no Sensitivity Degradation
Applications
27 − 1050 MHz Licensed and Unlicensed Radio Systems
• Internet of Things
• Automatic Meter Reading (AMR)
• Security Applications
• Building Automation
• Wireless Networks
• Messaging Paging
• Compatible with: Wireless M−Bus, POCSAG, FLEX,
KNX, Sigfox, Z−Wave, enocean
• Regulatory Regimes: EN 300 220 V2.3.1 including the
Narrow−band 12.5 kHz, 20 kHz and 25 kHz
Definitions; EN 300 422; FCC Part 15.247; FCC Part
15.249; FCC Part 90 6.25 kHz, 12.5 kHz and 25 kHz
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2
AX5043
AGC
Modulator
FIFO
3
ANTN 4
Radio Controller
timing and packet
handling
Demodulator
Framing
LNA
ANTP
Digital IF
channel
filter
ADC
IF Filter &
AGC PGAs
Forward Error
Correction
Mixer
12
11
AX5043
Encoder
26
25
DCLK
DATA
GPADC2
GPADC1
BLOCK DIAGRAM
PA diff
5
PA se
Chip configuration
FOUT
Communication Controller &
Serial Interface
POR
FXTAL
RF Frequency
Generation
Subsystem
Low Power
Oscillator
640 Hz/10kHz
SPI
Wake on Radio
Divider
Voltage
Regulator
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3
MISO
SEL
ANTSEL
PWRAMP
Figure 1. Functional Block Diagram of the AX5043
CLK
14 15
23
IRQ
L2
1,7
10
VDD_IO
9
VDD_ANA
8
L1
FILT
13
SYSCLK
27
CLK16N
19 20 21
28
16 17
MOSI
Crystal
Oscillator
typ.
16 MHz
Registers
References
RF Output
27 MHz –
1.05 GHz
CLK16P
ANTP1
AX5043
Table 1. PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
Symbol
Pin(s)
Type
VDD_ANA
1
P
Analog power output, decouple to neighboring GND
GND
2
P
Ground, decouple to neighboring VDD_ANA
ANTP
3
A
Differential antenna input/output
ANTN
4
A
Differential antenna input/output
ANTP1
5
A
Single−ended antenna output
GND
6
P
Ground, decouple to neighboring VDD_ANA
VDD_ANA
7
P
Analog power output, decouple to neighboring GND
FILT
8
A
Optional synthesizer filter
L2
9
A
Optional synthesizer inductor, should be shorted with L1 if not used.
L1
10
A
Optional synthesizer inductor, should be shorted with L2 if not used.
DATA
11
I/O
In wire mode: Data input/output
Can be programmed to be used as a general purpose I/O pin
Selectable internal 65 kW pull−up resistor
DCLK
12
I/O
In wire mode: Clock output
Can be programmed to be used as a general purpose I/O pin
Selectable internal 65 kW pull−up resistor
SYSCLK
13
I/O
Default functionality: Crystal oscillator (or divided) clock output
Can be programmed to be used as a general purpose I/O pin
Selectable internal 65 kW pull−up resistor
SEL
14
I
Serial peripheral interface select
CLK
15
I
Serial peripheral interface clock
MISO
16
O
Serial peripheral interface data output
MOSI
17
I
Serial peripheral interface data input
NC
18
N
Must be left unconnected
IRQ
19
I/O
Default functionality: Transmit and receive interrupt
Can be programmed to be used as a general purpose I/O pin
Selectable internal 65 kW pull−up resistor
PWRAMP
20
I/O
Default functionality: Power amplifier control output
Can be programmed to be used as a general purpose I/O pin
Selectable internal 65 kW pull−up resistor
ANTSEL
21
I/O
Default functionality: Diversity antenna selection output
Can be programmed to be used as a general purpose I/O pin
Selectable internal 65 kW pull−up resistor
NC
22
N
Must be left unconnected
VDD_IO
23
P
Power supply 1.8 V – 3.3 V
NC
24
N
Must be left unconnected
GPADC1
25
A
GPADC input, must be connected to GND if not used
GPADC2
26
A
GPADC input, must be connected to GND if not used
CLK16N
27
A
Crystal oscillator input/output
CLK16P
28
A
Crystal oscillator input/output
Center pad
P
Ground on center pad of QFN, must be connected
GND
Description
A = analog input
I = digital input signal
O = digital output signal
I/O = digital input/output signal
N = not to be connected
P = power or ground
All digital inputs are Schmitt trigger inputs, digital input
and output levels are LVCMOS/LVTTL compatible and 5 V
tolerant.
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AX5043
GPADC2
NC
VDD_IO
NC
27
GPADC1
28
CLK16N
CLK16P
Pinout Drawing
26
25
24 23
22
VDD_ANA
1
21
ANTSEL
GND
2
20
PWRAMP
ANTP
3
19
IRQ
AX5043
ANTN
4
18
NC
ANTP1
5
17
MOSI
GND
6
16
MISO
7
15
CLK
13
14
SEL
12
SYSCLK
11
DCLK
10
DATA
9
L1
FILT
8
L2
VDD_ANA
Figure 2. Pinout Drawing (Top View)
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AX5043
SPECIFICATIONS
Table 2. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Symbol
Description
Condition
VDD_IO
Supply voltage
IDD
Supply current
Ptot
Total power consumption
Pi
Absolute maximum input power at receiver input
II1
DC current into any pin except ANTP, ANTN, ANTP1
II2
DC current into pins ANTP, ANTN, ANTP1
IO
Output Current
Via
Input voltage ANTP, ANTN, ANTP1 pins
Input voltage digital pins
Min
Max
Units
−0.5
5.5
V
200
mA
800
mW
10
dBm
−10
10
mA
−100
100
mA
40
mA
−0.5
5.5
V
−0.5
5.5
V
−2000
2000
V
ANTP and ANTN
pins in RX mode
Ves
Electrostatic handling
HBM
Tamb
Operating temperature
−40
85
°C
Tstg
Storage temperature
−65
150
°C
Tj
Junction Temperature
150
°C
Stresses exceeding those listed in the Maximum Ratings table may damage the device. If any of these limits are exceeded, device functionality
should not be assumed, damage may occur and reliability may be affected.
1. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
DC Characteristics
Table 3. SUPPLIES
Symbol
Description
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Units
TAMB
Operational ambient temperature
−40
27
85
°C
VDD_IO
I/O and voltage regulator supply voltage
1.8
3.0
3.6
V
VBOUT
Brown−out threshold
Note 1
1.3
V
IDSLLEP
Deep Sleep current:
All analog and digital functions are
powered down
PWRMODE = 0x01
50
nA
IPDOWN
Power−down current:
Register file contents preserved
PWRMODE = 0x00
400
nA
IWOR
Wakeup−on−radio mode:
Low power timer and WOR
state−machine are running at 640 Hz
PWRMODE = 0x0B
500
nA
ISTANBY
Standby−current:
All power domains are powered up,
crystal oscillator and references are
running
PWRMODE = 0x05
230
mA
IRX
Current consumption RX
PWRMODE = 0x09
RF Frequency Subsystem:
Internal VCO and internal loop−fiter
868 MHz, datarate 6 kbps
9.5
mA
169 MHz, datarate 6 kbps
6.5
868 MHz, datarate 100 kbps
11
169 MHz, datarate 100 kbps
7.5
1. Digital circuitry is functional down to typically 1 V.
2. Measured with optimized matching networks.
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AX5043
Table 3. SUPPLIES
Symbol
Description
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Units
ITX−DIFF
Current consumption TX
differential
868 MHz, 16 dBm, FSK, Note 2
RF Frequency Subsystem:
Internal VCO and loop−filter
Antenna configuration: Differential PA
48
mA
ITX−SE
Current consumption TX
single ended
868 MHz, 0 dBm, FSK,
RF Frequency Subsystem:
Internal VCO and loop−filter
Antenna configuration:
Single ended PA, external RX/TX
switching
7.5
mA
1. Digital circuitry is functional down to typically 1 V.
2. Measured with optimized matching networks.
For information on current consumption in complex
modes of operation tailored to your application, see the
software AX−RadioLab for AX5043.
Table 4. CURRENT CONSUMPTION VS. OUTPUT
POWER
Itxcalc [mA]
Note on current consumption in TX mode
To achieve best output power the matching network has to
be optimized for the desired output power and frequency. As
a rule of thumb a good matching network produces about
50% efficiency with the AX5043 power amplifier although
over 90% are theoretically possible. A typical matching
network has between 1 dB and 2 dB loss (Ploss). The
theoretical efficiencies are the same for the single ended PA
(ANTP1) and differential PA (ANTP and ANTN) therefore
only one current value is shown in the table below. We
recommend to use the single ended PA for low output power
and the differential PA for high power. The differential PA
is internally multiplexed with the LNA on pins ANTP and
ANTN. Therefore constraints for the RX matching have to
be considered for the differential PA matching.
The current consumption can be calculated as
I TX[mA] +
1
PA efficiency
10
P out[dBm])P loss[dB]
10
Pout [dBm]
868 MHz
169 MHz
0
7.5
4.5
1
7.9
4.9
2
8.4
5.4
3
9.0
6.0
4
9.8
6.8
5
10.8
7.8
6
12.1
9.1
7
13.7
10.7
8
15.7
12.7
B 1.8V ) I offset
Ioffset is about 6 mA for the fully integrated VCO at
400 MHz to 1050 MHz, and 3 mA for the VCO with external
inductor at 169 MHz. The following table shows calculated
current consumptions versus output power for Ploss = 1 dB,
PAefficiency = 0.5, Ioffset= 6 mA at 868 MHz and Ioffset=
3.5 mA at 169 MHz.
9
18.2
15.2
10
21.3
18.3
11
25.3
22.3
12
30.3
27.3
13
36.7
33.7
14
44.6
41.6
15
54.6
51.6
Both AX5043 power amplifiers run from the regulated
VDD_ANA supply and not directly from the battery. This
has the advantage that the current and output power do not
vary much over supply voltage and temperature.
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AX5043
Table 5. LOGIC
Symbol
Description
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Digital Inputs
VT+
Schmitt trigger low to high threshold point
1.9
V
VT−
Schmitt trigger high to low threshold point
1.2
V
VIL
Input voltage, low
VIH
Input voltage, high
IL
Input leakage current
Rpullup
Pull−up resistors
Pins DATA, DCLK, SYSCLK, IRQ, PWRAMP,
ANTSEL
0.8
2.0
V
−10
Pull−ups enabled in
the relevant pin
configuration registers
V
10
65
mA
kW
Digital Outputs
IOH
Output Current, high
VDD_IO = 3 V
VOH = 2.4 V
4
mA
IOL
Output Current, low
VDD_IO = 3 V
VOL = 0.4 V
4
mA
IOZ
Tri−state output leakage current
−10
10
mA
AC Characteristics
Table 6. CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
Symbol
Description
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Units
16
50
MHz
20
mS
fXTAL
Crystal frequency
Note 1, 2, 3
10
gmosc
Oscillator transconductance control range
Self−regulated see note 4
0.2
Cosc
Programmable tuning capacitors at pins
CLK16N and CLK16P
XTALCAP = 0x00 default
3
pF
XTALCAP = 0x01
8.5
pF
XTALCAP = 0xFF
40
pF
0.5
pF
Cosc−lsb
Programmable tuning capacitors,
increment per LSB of XTALCAP
XTALCAP = 0x01 – 0xFF
fext
External clock input (TCXO)
Note 2, 3, 5
RINosc
Input DC impedance
10
Divider ratio fSYSCLK = fXTAL/ NDIVSYSCLK
20
NDIVSYSCLK
10
16
50
24
210
MHz
kW
1. Tolerances and start−up times depend on the crystal used. Depending on the RF frequency and channel spacing the IC must be calibrated
to the exact crystal frequency using the readings of the register TRKFREQ.
2. The choice of crystal oscillator or TCXO frequency depends on the targeted regulatory regime for TX, see separate documentation on
meeting regulatory requirements.
3. To avoid spurious emission, the crystal or TCXO reference frequency should be chosen so that the RF carrier frequency is not an integer
multiple of the crystal or TCXO frequency.
4. The oscillator transconductance is regulated for fastest start−up time during start−up and for lowest power curing steady state oscillation.
This means that values depend on the crystal used.
5. If an external clock or TCXO is used, it should be input via an AC coupling at pin CLK16P with the oscillator powered up and XTALCAP = 0x00.
For detailed TCXO network recommendations depending on the TCXO output swing refer to the AX5043 Application Note: Use with a TCXO
Reference Clock.
Table 7. LOW−POWER OSCILLATOR
Symbol
fosc−slow
fosc−fast
Description
Oscillator frequency slow mode
LPOSC FAST = 0
Oscillator frequency fast mode
LPOSC FAST = 1
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Units
No calibration
480
640
800
Hz
Internal calibration vs. crystal
clock has been performed
630
640
650
No calibration
7.6
10.2
12.8
Internal calibration vs. crystal
clock has been performed
9.8
10.2
10.8
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8
kHz
AX5043
Table 8. RF FREQUENCY GENERATION SUBSYSTEM (SYNTHESIZER)
Symbol
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Reference frequency
The reference frequency must be chosen
so that the RF carrier frequency is not an
integer multiple of the reference frequency
10
16
50
MHz
NDIVref
Reference divider ratio range
Controlled directly with register REFDIV
20
23
NDIVm
Main divider ratio range
Controlled indirectly with register FREQ
4.5
66.5
NDIVRF
RF divider range
Controlled directly with register RFDIV
1
2
Programmable in increments of 8.5 mA via
register PLLCPI
8.5
2168
mA
RFDIV = 1
400
525
MHz
RFDIV = 0
800
fREF
Description
Dividers
Charge Pump
ICP
Charge pump current
Internal VCO (VCOSEL = 0)
fRF
RF frequency range
fstep
RF frequency step
RFDIV = 1, fxtal = 16.000000 MHz
BW
Synthesizer loop bandwidth
Tstart
Synthesizer start−up time if crystal
oscillator and reference are running
The synthesizer loop bandwidth and
start−up time can be programmed with
registers PLLLOOP and PLLCPI.
For recommendations see the AX5043
Programming Manual, the AX−RadioLab
software and AX5043 Application Notes
on compliance with regulatory regimes.
PN868
Synthesizer phase noise 868 MHz
fREF = 48 MHz
10 kHz offset from carrier
−95
1 MHz offset from carrier
−120
Synthesizer phase noise 433 MHz
fREF = 48 MHz
10 kHz offset from carrier
−105
1 MHz offset from carrier
−120
PN433
1050
0.98
Hz
50
500
kHz
5
25
ms
dBc/Hz
dBc/Hz
VCO with external inductors (VCOSEL = 1, VCO2INT = 1)
fRFrng_lo
fRFrng_hi
PN169
RF frequency range
For choice of Lext values as well as
VCO gains see Figure 3 and
Figure 4
RFDIV = 1
27
262
RFDIV = 0
54
525
Synthesizer phase noise 169 MHz
Lext=47 nH (wire wound 0603)
RFDIV = 0, fREF= 16 MHz
Note: phase noises can be
improved with higher fREF
10 kHz from carrier
−97
1 MHz from carrier
−115
MHz
dBc/Hz
External VCO (VCOSEL = 1, VCO2INT = 0)
fRF
RF frequency range fully external
VCO
Vamp
Differential input amplitude at L1, L2
terminals
VinL
Input voltage levels at L1, L2
terminals
Vctrl
Control voltage range
Note: The external VCO frequency needs
to be 2 x fRF
27
1000
0.7
Available at FILT in external loop filter
mode
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9
MHz
V
0
1.8
V
0
1.8
V
AX5043
Figure 3. VCO with External Inductors: Typical Frequency vs. Lext
Figure 4. VCO with External Inductors: Typical KVCO vs. Lext
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AX5043
The following table shows the typical frequency ranges
for frequency synthesis with external VCO inductor for
different inductor values.
Table 9.
Freq [MHz]
Freq [MHz]
Lext [nH]
RFDIV = 0
RFDIV = 1
PLL Range
8.2
482
241
0
8.2
437
219
15
10
432
216
0
10
390
195
15
12
415
208
0
12
377
189
15
15
380
190
0
15
345
173
15
18
345
173
0
18
313
157
15
22
308
154
0
22
280
140
14
27
285
143
0
27
258
129
15
33
260
130
0
33
235
118
15
39
245
123
0
39
223
112
14
47
212
106
0
47
194
97
14
56
201
101
0
56
182
91
15
68
178
89
0
68
161
81
15
82
160
80
1
82
146
73
14
100
149
75
1
100
136
68
14
120
136
68
0
120
124
62
14
For tuning or changing of ranges a capacitor can be added
in parallel to the inductor.
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AX5043
Table 10. TRANSMITTER
Symbol
Description
Condition
SBR
Signal bit rate
PTX
Transmitter power @ 868 MHz
Min
Differential PA, 50 W single
ended measurement at an
SMA connector behind the
matching network, Note 2
Transmitter power @ 433 MHz
Transmitter power @ 169 MHz
Max
Units
0.1
Typ
125
kbps
−10
16
dBm
−10
16
−10
16
PTXstep
Programming step size output power
Note 1
dTXtemp
Transmitter power variation vs.
temperature
−40°C to +85°C
Note 2
± 0.5
dB
dTXVdd
Transmitter power variation vs. VDD_IO
1.8 to 3.6 V
Note 2
± 0.5
dB
Padj
Adjacent channel power
GFSK BT = 0.5, 500 Hz deviation,
1.2 kbps, 25 kHz channel spacing,
10 kHz channel BW
868 MHz
−44
dBc
433 MHz
−51
Emission @ 2nd harmonic
868 MHz, Note 2
−40
PTX868−harm2
PTX868−harm3
PTX433−harm2
PTX433−harm3
1. P out
Emission @
3rd
harmonic
Emission @
2nd
harmonic
Emission @
3rd
harmonic
TXPWRCOEFFB
+
2 12*1
0.5
dB
dBc
−60
433 MHz, Note 2
dBc
−40
−40
P max
2. 50 W single ended measurements at an SMA connector behind the matching network. For recommended matching networks see
section: Application Information.
Table 11. RECEIVER SENSITIVITIES
The table lists typical input sensitivities (without FEC) in dBm at the SMA connector with the complete matching network for BER=10−3 at
433 or 868 MHz.
FSK
h = 0.66
FSK
h=1
FSK
h=2
FSK
h=4
FSK
h=5
FSK
h=8
FSK
h = 16
PSK
−135
−134.5
−132.5
−133
−133.5
−133
−132.5
−138
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.6
0.9
2.1
0.2
Deviation [kHz]
0.033
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.25
0.4
0.8
Sensitivity [dBm]
−126
−125
−123
−123.5
−124
−123.5
−122.5
−130
1.5
2
3
6
7
11
21
1
8
Data rate
[kbps]
0.1
Sensitivity [dBm]
RX Bandwidth [kHz]
1
RX Bandwidth [kHz]
10
100
125
Deviation [kHz]
0.33
0.5
1
2
2.5
4
Sensitivity [dBm]
−117
−116
−113
−114
−113.5
−113
−120
RX Bandwidth [kHz]
15
20
30
50
60
110
10
Deviation [kHz]
3.3
5
10
20
25
40
Sensitivity [dBm]
−107
−105.5
−109
RX Bandwidth [kHz]
150
200
100
Deviation [kHz]
33
50
Sensitivity [dBm]
−105
−104
−108
RX Bandwidth [kHz]
187.5
200
125
Deviation [kHz]
42.3
62.5
1. Sensitivities are equivalent for 1010 data streams and PN9 whitened data streams.
2. RX bandwidths < 0.9 kHz cannot be achieved with an 48 MHz TCXO. A 16 MHz TCXO was used for all measurements at 0.1 kbps.
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12
AX5043
Table 12. RECEIVER
Symbol
Description
SBR
Signal bit rate
ISBER868
Input sensitivity at BER = 10−3
for 868 MHz operation,
continuous data,
without FEC
ISBER868FEC
ISPER868
Condition
Min
Typ
0.1
FSK, h = 0.5, 100 kbps
−106
FSK, h = 0.5, 10 kbps
−116
FSK, 500 Hz deviation, 1.2 kbps
−126
PSK, 100 kbps
−109
PSK, 10 kbps
−120
Max
Units
125
kbps
dBm
PSK, 1 kbps
−130
Input sensitivity at BER = 10−3,
for 868 MHz operation,
continuous data,
with FEC
FSK, h = 0.5, 50 kbps
−111
FSK, h = 0.5, 5 kbps
−122
FSK, 500 Hz deviation, 0.1 kbps
−137
Input sensitivity at PER = 1%,
for 868 MHz operation, 144 bit
packet data, without FEC
FSK, h = 0.5, 100 kbps
−103
FSK, h = 0.5, 10 kbps
−115
FSK, 1.2 kbps
−125
−102
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
ISWOR868
Input sensitivity at PER = 1%
for 868 MHz operation, 144 bit
packet data, WOR−mode,
without FEC
FSK, h = 0.5, 100 kpbs
IL
Maximum input level
Full selectivity
0
ILmax
Maximum input level
FSK, reduced selectivity
10
CP1dB
Input referred compression point
2 tones separated by 100 kHz
−35
RSSIR
RSSI control range
FSK, 500 Hz deviation, 1.2 kbps
RSSIS1
RSSI step size
Before digital channel filter; calculated
from register AGCCOUNTER
0.625
dB
RSSIS2
RSSI step size
Behind digital channel filter; calculated
from registers AGCCOUNTER,
TRKAMPL
0.1
dB
RSSIS3
RSSI step size
Behind digital channel filter; reading
register RSSI
1
dB
SEL868
Adjacent channel suppression
25 kHz channels , Note 1
45
dB
100 kHz channels, Note 1
47
78
−126
dBm
−46
dB
BLK868
Blocking at ± 10 MHz offset
Note 2
RAFC
AFC pull−in range
The AFC pull−in range can be
programmed with the MAXRFOFFSET
registers.
The AFC response time can be
programmed with the FREQGAIND
register.
± 15
%
RDROFF
Bitrate offset pull−in range
The bitrate pull−in range can be
programmed with the MAXDROFFSET
registers.
± 10
%
dB
1. Interferer/Channel @ BER = 10−3, channel level is +3 dB above the typical sensitivity, the interfering signal is CW; channel signal is
modulated with shaping
2. Channel/Blocker @ BER = 10−3, channel level is +3 dB above the typical sensitivity, the blocker signal is CW; channel signal is modulated
with shaping
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13
AX5043
Table 13. RECEIVER AND TRANSMITTER SETTLING PHASES
Symbol
Description
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Txtal
XTAL settling time
Powermodes:
POWERDOWN to STANDBY
Note that Txtal depends on the specific
crystal used.
0.5
ms
Tsynth
Synthesizer settling time
Powermodes:
STANDBY to SYNTHTX or SYNTHRX
40
ms
Ttx
TX settling time
Powermodes:
SYNTHTX to FULLTX
Ttx is the time used for power ramping, this
can be programmed to be 1 x tbit, 2 x tbit,
4 x tbit or 8 x tbit.
Notes 1, 2
Trx_init
RX initialization time
Trx_rssi
RX RSSI acquisition time
(after Trx_init)
Trx_preambl
RX signal acquisition time to
valid data RX at full
sensitivity/selectivity
(after Trx_init)
e
0
1 x tbit
8 x tbit
ms
150
ms
Powermodes:
SYNTHRX to FULLRX
80 +
3 x tbit
ms
Modulation (G)FSK
Notes 1, 2
9 x tbit
1. tbit depends on the datarate, e.g. for 10 kbps tbit = 100 ms
2. In wire mode there is a processing delay of typically 6 x tbit between antenna and DCLK/DATA pins
Table 14. OVERALL STATE TRANSITION TIMES
Symbol
Description
Condition
Min
Typ
40
40 + 1 x tbit
ms
Powermodes:
STANDBY to FULLRX
190
ms
RX startup time to valid RSSI
Powermodes:
STANDBY to FULLRX
270 +
3 x tbit
ms
Trx_data
RX startup time to valid data at full
sensitivity/selectivity
Modulation (G)FSK
Notes 1, 2
190 +
9 x tbit
ms
Trxtx
RX to TX switching
Powermodes:
FULLRX to FULLTX
62
ms
Ttxrx
TX to RX switching
(to preamble start)
Powermodes:
FULLTX to FULLRX
200
Thop
Frequency hop
Switch between frequency
defined in register FREQA and
FREQB
30
Ttx_on
TX startup time
Powermodes:
STANDBY to FULLTX
Notes 1, 2
Trx_on
RX startup time
Trx_rssi
1. tbit depends on the datarate, e.g. for 10 kbps tbit = 100 ms
2. In wire mode there is a processing delay of typically 6 x tbit between antenna and DCLK/DATA pins
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14
Max
Units
ms
AX5043
Table 15. SPI TIMING
Symbol
Description
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Tss
SEL falling edge to CLK rising edge
10
ns
Tsh
CLK falling edge to SEL rising edge
10
ns
Tssd
SEL falling edge to MISO driving
0
10
ns
Tssz
SEL rising edge to MISO high−Z
0
10
ns
Ts
MOSI setup time
10
Th
MOSI hold time
10
Tco
CLK falling edge to MISO output
Tck
CLK period
Tcl
Tch
ns
ns
10
Note 1
ns
50
ns
CLK low duration
40
ns
CLK high duration
40
ns
1. For SPI access during power−down mode the period should be relaxed to 100 ns
For a figure showing the SPI timing parameters see section: Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI).
Table 16. WIRE MODE INTERFACE TIMING
Symbol
Description
Condition
Min
Depends on bit rate
programming
Typ
Max
Units
1.6
10,000
ms
Tdck
SEL falling edge to CLK rising edge
Tdcl
DCLK low duration
25
75
%
Tdch
DCLK high duration
25
75
%
Tds
DATA setup time relative to active
DCLK edge
10
ns
Tdh
DATA hold time relative to active
DCLK edge
10
ns
Tdco
DATA output change relative to active
DCLK edge
10
ns
Max
Units
For a figure showing the wire mode interface timing parameters see section: Wire Mode Interface.
Table 17. GENERAL PURPOSE ADC (GPADC)
Symbol
Description
Condition
Min
Typ
Res
Nominal ADC resolution
10
Fconv
Conversion rate
DR
Dynamic range
60
dB
INL
Integral nonlinearity
±1
LSB
DNL
Differential nonlinearity
±1
LSB
Zin
Input impedance
50
kW
VDC−IN
Input DC level
0.8
V
VIN−DIFF
Input signal range (differential)
−500
500
mV
VIN−SE
Input signal range (single−ended,
signal input at pin GPADC1,
pin GPADC2 open)
300
1300
mV
0.03
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15
bit
1
MS/s
AX5043
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The receiver and the transmitter support multi−channel
operation for all data rates and modulation schemes.
The AX5043 is a true single chip ultra−low power
narrow−band CMOS transceiver for use in licensed and
unlicensed bands from 27 and 1050 MHz. The on−chip
transceiver consists of a fully integrated RF front−end with
modulator, and demodulator. Base band data processing is
implemented in an advanced and flexible communication
controller that enables user friendly communication via the
SPI interface.
AX5043 can be operated from a 1.8 V to 3.6 V power
supply over a temperature range of −40°C to 85°C. It
consumes 7 − 48 mA for transmitting at 868 MHz carrier
frequency, 4 – 51 mA for transmitting at 169 MHz
depending on the output power. In receive operation AX
5043 consumes 9 − 11 mA at 868 MHz carrier frequency and
6.5 − 8.5 mA at 169 MHz.
The AX5043 features make it an ideal interface for
integration into various battery powered solutions such as
ticketing or as transceiver for telemetric applications e.g. in
sensors. As primary application, the transceiver is intended
for UHF radio equipment in accordance with the European
Telecommunication Standard Institute (ETSI) specification
EN 300 220−1 and the US Federal Communications
Commission (FCC) standard Title 47 CFR Part 15 as well as
Part 90. AX5043 is compliant with respective narrow−band
regulations. Additionally AX5043 is suited for systems
targeting compliance with Wireless M−Bus standard EN
13757−4:2005. Wireless M−Bus frame support (S, T, R) is
built−in.
AX5043 supports any data rate from 0.1 kbps to 125 kbps
for FSK, 4−FSK, GFSK, GMSK, MSK, ASK and PSK. To
achieve optimum performance for specific data rates and
modulation schemes several register settings to configure
the AX5043 are necessary, for details see the AXSEM
RadioLab Software which calculates the necessary register
settings and the AX5043 Programming Manual.
The AX5043 can be operated in two fundamentally
different modes.
In frame mode data is sent and received via the SPI port
in frames. Pre− and post−ambles as well as checksums can
be generated automatically. Interrupts control the data flow
between a micro−controller and the AX5043.
In wire mode the IC behaves as an extension of any wire.
The internal communication controller is disabled and the
modem data is directly available on a dedicated pin (DATA).
The bit clock is also output on a dedicated pin (DCLK). In
this mode the user can connect the data pin to any port of a
micro−controller or to a UART, but has to control coding,
checksums, pre and post ambles. The user can choose
between synchronous and asynchronous wire mode,
asynchronous wire mode performs RS232 start bit
recognition and re−synchronization for transmit.
Both modes can be used both for transmit and receive. In
both cases the AX5043 behaves as a SPI slave interface.
Configuration of the AX5043 is always done via the SPI
interface.
Voltage Regulators
The AX5043 uses an on−chip voltage regulator system to
create stable supply voltages for the internal circuitry from
the primary supply VDD_IO. The I/O level of the digital
pins is VDD_IO.
Pins VDD_ANA are supplied for external decoupling of
the power supply used for the on−chip PA.
The voltage regulator system must be set into the
appropriate state before receive or transmit operations can
be initiated. This is handled automatically when
programming the device modes via the PWRMODE
register.
Register POWSTAT contains status bits that can be read
to check if the regulated voltages are ready (bit SVIO) or if
VDD_IO has dropped below the brown−out level of 1.3V
(bit SSUM).
In power−down mode the core supply voltages for digital
and analog functions are switched off to minimize leakage
power. Most register contents are preserved but access to the
FIFO is not possible and FIFO contents are lost. SPI access
to registers is possible, but at lower speed.
In deep−sleep mode all supply voltages are switched off.
All digital and analog functions are disabled. All register
contents are lost. To leave deep−sleep mode the pin SEL has
to be pulled low. This will initiate startup and reset of the
AX5043. Then the MISO line should be polled, as it will be
held low during initialization and will rise to high at the end
of the initialization, when the chip becomes ready for
operation.
Crystal Oscillator and TCXO Interface
The AX5043 is normally operated with an external
TCXO, which is required by most narrow−band regulation
with a tolerance of 0.5 ppm to 1.5 ppm depending on the
regulation. The on−chip crystal oscillator allows the use of
an inexpensive quartz crystal as the RF generation
subsystem’s timing reference when possible from a
regulatory point of view.
A wide range of crystal frequencies can be handled by the
crystal oscillator circuit. As the reference frequency impacts
both the spectral performance of the transmitter as well as
the current consumption of the receiver, the choice of
reference frequency should be made according to the
regulatory regime targeted by the application. For
guidelines see the separate Application Notes for usage of
AX5043 in compliance with various regulatory regimes.
The crystal or TCXO reference frequency should be
chosen so that the RF carrier frequency is not an integer
multiple of the crystal or TCXO frequency.
The oscillator circuit is enabled by programming the
PWRMODE register. At power−up it is enabled.
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16
AX5043
oscillation is 640 Hz ± 1.5%, in fast mode it is 10.2 kHz ±
1.5%. These accuracies are reached after the internal
hardware has been used to calibrate the low power oscillator
versus the RF reference clock. This procedure can be run in
the background during transmit or receive operations.
The low power oscillator makes a WOR mode with a
power consumption of 500 nA possible.
If Wake on Radio Mode is enabled, the receiver wakes up
periodically at a user selectable interval, and checks for a
radio signal on the selected channel. If no signal is detected,
the receiver shuts down again. If a radio signal is detected,
and a valid packet is received, the microcontroller is alerted
by asserting an interrupt.
The AX5043 can thus autonomously poll for radio
signals, while the micro−controller can stay powered down,
and only wakes up once a valid packet is received. This
allows for very low average receiver power, at the expense
of longer preambles at the transmitter.
To adjust the circuit’s characteristics to the quartz crystal
being used, without using additional external components,
the tuning capacitance of the crystal oscillator can be
programmed. The transconductance of the oscillator is
automatically regulated, to allow for fastest start−up times
together with lowest power operation during steady−state
oscillation.
The integrated programmable tuning capacitor bank
makes it possible to connect the oscillator directly to pins
CLK16N and CLK16P without the need for external
capacitors. It is programmed using bits XTALCAP[5:0] in
register XTALCAP.
To synchronize the receiver frequency to a carrier signal,
the oscillator frequency could be tuned using the capacitor
bank however, the recommended method to implement
frequency synchronization is to make use of the high
resolution RF frequency generation sub−system together
with the Automatic Frequency Control, both are described
further down.
Alternatively a single ended reference (TXCO, CXO)
may be used. For detailed TCXO network recommendations
depending on TCXO output swing refer to the AX5043
Application Note: Use with a TCXO Reference Clock.
GPIO Pins
Pins DATA, DCLK, SYSCLK, IRQ, ANTSEL,
PWRAMP can be used as general purpose I/O pins by
programming
pin
configuration
registers
PINFUNCSYSCLK, PINFUNCDCLK, PINFUNCDATA,
PINFUNCIRQ,
PINFUNCNANTSEL,
PINFUNCPWRAMP. Pin input values can be read via
register PINSTATE. Pull−ups are disabled if output data is
programmed to the GPIO pin.
Low Power Oscillator and Wake−on−Radio (WOR)
Mode
The AX5043 features an internal lowest power fully
integrated oscillator. In default mode the frequency of
VDD_IO
enable weak pull−up
enable output
VDD_IO
output data
input data
Figure 5. GPIO Pin
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17
65 kW
AX5043
SYSCLK Output
The carrier frequency range can be extended to 54 –
525 MHz and 27 – 262 MHz by using an appropriate
external inductor between device pins L1 and L2. The bit
VCO2INT in the PLLVCODIV register must be set high to
enter this mode.
It is also possible to use a fully external VCO by setting
bits VCO2INT = 0 and VCOSEL = 1 in the PLLVCODIV
register. A differential input at a frequency of double the
desired RF frequency must be input at device pins L1 and
L2. The control voltage for the VCO can be output at device
pin FILT when using external filter mode. The voltage range
of this output pin is 0 – 1.8 V.
This mode of operation is recommended for special
applications where the phase noise requirements are not met
when using the fully internal VCO or the internal VCO with
external inductor.
The SYSCLK pin outputs either the reference clock signal
divided by a programmable power of two or the low power
oscillator clock. Division ratios from 1 to 1024 are possible.
For divider ratios > 1 the duty cycle is 50%. Bits
SYSCLK[4:0] in the PINFUNCSYSCLK register set the
divider ratio. The SYSCLK output can be disabled.
After power−up SYSCLK outputs 1/16 of the crystal
oscillator clock, making it possible to use this clock to boot
a micro−controller.
Power−on−Reset (POR)
AX5043 has an integrated power−on−reset block. No
external POR circuit is required.
After POR the AX5043 can be reset by first setting the SPI
SEL pin to high for at least 100 ns, then setting followed by
resetting the bit RST in the PWRMODE register.
After POR or reset all registers are set to their default
values.
VCO Auto−Ranging
The AX5043 has an integrated auto−ranging function,
which allows to set the correct VCO range for specific
frequency generation subsystem settings automatically.
Typically it has to be executed after power−up. The function
is initiated by setting the RNG_START bit in the
PLLRANGINGA or PLLRANGINGB register. The bit is
readable and a 0 indicates the end of the ranging process.
Setting RNG_START in the PLLRANGINGA register
ranges the frequency in FREQA, while setting
RNG_START in the PLLRANGINGB register ranges the
frequency in FREQB. The RNGERR bit indicates the
correct execution of the auto−ranging.
VCO auto−ranging works with the fully integrated VCO
and with the internal VCO with external inductor.
RF Frequency Generation Subsystem
The RF frequency generation subsystem consists of a
fully integrated synthesizer, which multiplies the reference
frequency from the crystal oscillator to get the desired RF
frequency. The advanced architecture of the synthesizer
enables frequency resolutions of 1 Hz, as well as fast settling
times of 5 – 50 ms depending on the settings (see section AC
Characteristics). Fast settling times mean fast start−up and
fast RX/TX switching, which enables low−power system
design.
For receive operation the RF frequency is fed to the mixer,
for transmit operation to the power−amplifier.
The frequency must be programmed to the desired carrier
frequency.
The synthesizer loop bandwidth can be programmed, this
serves three purposes:
1. Start−up time optimization, start−up is faster for
higher synthesizer loop bandwidths
2. TX spectrum optimization, phase−noise at
300 kHz to 1 MHz distance from the carrier
improves with lower synthesizer loop bandwidths
3. Adaptation of the bandwidth to the data−rate. For
transmission of FSK and MSK it is required that
the synthesizer bandwidth must be in the order of
the data−rate.
Loop Filter and Charge Pump
The AX5043 internal loop filter configuration together
with the charge pump current sets the synthesizer loop band
width. The internal loop−filter has three configurations that
can be programmed via the register bits FLT[1:0] in registers
PLLLOOP or PLLLOOPBOOST the charge pump current
can be programmed using register bits PLLCPI[7:0] in
registers PLLCPI or PLLCPIBOOST. Synthesizer
bandwidths are typically 50 – 500 kHz depending on the
PLLLOOP or PLLLOOPBOOST settings, for details see
the section: AC Characteristics.
The AX5043 can be setup in such a way that when the
synthesizer is started, the settings in the registers
PLLLOOPBOOST and PLLCPIBOOST are applied first
for a programmable duration before reverting to the settings
in PLLLOOP and PLLCPI. This feature enables automated
fastest start−up.
Setting bits FLT[1:0] = 00 bypasses the internal loop filter
and the VCO control voltage is output to an external loop
filter at pin FILT. This mode of operation is recommended
for achieving lower bandwidths than with the internal loop
filter and for usage with a fully external VCO.
VCO
An on−chip VCO converts the control voltage generated
by the charge pump and loop filter into an output frequency.
This frequency is used for transmit as well as for receive
operation. The frequency can be programmed in 1 Hz steps
in the FREQ registers. For operation in the 433 MHz band,
the RFDIV bit in the PLLVCODIV register must be
programmed.
The fully integrated VCO allows to operate the device in
the frequency ranges 800 – 1050 MHz and 400 – 525 MHz.
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18
AX5043
Registers
Table 18. RF FREQUENCY GENERATION REGISTERS
Register
PLLLOOP
PLLLOOPBOOST
Bits
FLT[1:0]
PLLCPI
PLLCPIBOOST
PLLVCODIV
Purpose
Synthesizer loop filter bandwidth and selection of external loop filter, recommended usage is to
increase the bandwidth for faster settling time, bandwidth increases of factor 2 and 5 are
possible.
Synthesizer charge pump current, recommended usage is to decrease the bandwidth (and
improve the phase−noise) for low data−rate transmissions.
REFDIV
Sets the synthesizer reference divider ratio.
RFDIV
Sets the synthesizer output divider ratio.
VCOSEL
Selects either the internal or the external VCO
VCO2INT Selects either the internal VCO inductor or an external inductor between pins L1 and L2
FREQA, FREQB
Programming of the carrier frequency
PLLRANGINGA, PLLRANGINGB
Initiate VCO auto−ranging and check results
RF Input and Output Stage (ANTP/ANTN/ANTP1)
PA
In TX mode the PA drives the signal generated by the
frequency generation subsystem out to either the differential
antenna terminals or to the single ended antenna pin. The
antenna terminals are chosen via the bits TXDIFF and TXSE
in register MODECFGA.
The output power of the PA is programmed via the register
TXPWRCOEFFB.
The PA can be digitally pre−distorted for high linearity.
The output amplitude can be shaped (raised cosine), this
mode is selected with bit AMPLSHAPE in register
MODECFGA. PA ramping is programmable in increments
of the bit time and can be set to 1 – 8 bit times via bits
SLOWRAMP in register MODECFGA.
Output power as well as harmonic content will depend on
the external impedance seen by the PA, recommendations
are given in the section: Application Information.
The AX5043 has two main antenna interface modes:
1. Both RX and TX use differential pins ANTP and
ANTN. RX/TX switching is handled internally.
This mode is recommended for highest output
powers, highest sensitivities and for direct
connection to dipole antennas. Also see Figure 13.
2. RX uses the differential antenna pins ANTP and
ANTN. TX uses the single ended antenna pin
ANTP1. RX/TX switching is handled externally.
This can be done either with an external RX/TX
switch or with a direct tie configuration. This
mode is recommended for low output powers at
high efficiency (Figure 16) and for usage with
external power amplifiers (Figure 15).
Pin PWRAMP can be used to control an external RX/TX
switch when operating the device together with an external
PA (Figure 15). Pin ANTSEL can be used to control an
external antenna switch when receiving with two antennas
(Figure 17).
When antenna diversity is enabled, the radio controller
will, when not in the middle of receiving a packet,
periodically probe both antennas and select the antenna with
the highest signal strength. The radio controller can be
instructed to periodically write both RSSI values into the
FIFO. Antenna diversity mode is fully automatic.
Digital IF Channel Filter and Demodulator
The digital IF channel filter and the demodulator extract
the data bit−stream from the incoming IF signal. They must
be programmed to match the modulation scheme as well as
the data−rate. Inaccurate programming will lead to loss of
sensitivity.
The channel filter offers bandwidths of 995 Hz up to
221 kHz.
The AXSEM RadioLab Software calculates the necessary
register settings for optimal performance and details can be
found in the AX5043 Programming Manual. An overview
of the registers involved is given in the following table as
reference. The register setups typically must be done once
at power−up of the device.
LNA
The LNA amplifies the differential RF signal from the
antenna and buffers it to drive the I/Q mixer. An external
matching network is used to adapt the antenna impedance to
the IC impedance. A DC feed to GND must be provided at
the antenna pins. For recommendations see section:
Application Information.
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19
AX5043
Registers
Table 19. CHANNEL FILTER AND DEMODULATOR REGISTERS
Register
Remarks
DECIMATION
This register programs the bandwidth of the digital channel filter.
RXDATARATE2… RXDATARATE0
These registers specify the receiver bit rate, relative to the channel filter bandwidth.
MAXDROFFSET2… MAXDROFFSET0
These registers specify the maximum possible data rate offset.
MAXRFOFFSET2… MAXRFOFFSET0
These registers specify the maximum possible RF frequency offset.
TIMEGAIN, DRGAIN
These registers specify the aggressiveness of the receiver bit timing recovery. More
aggressive settings allow the receiver to synchronize with shorter preambles, at the
expense of more timing jitter and thus a higher bit error rate at a given signal−to−noise
ratio.
MODULATION
This register selects the modulation to be used by the transmitter and the receiver,
i.e. whether ASK, FSK should be used.
PHASEGAIN, FREQGAINA, FREQGAINB,
FREQGAINC, FREQGAIND, AMPLGAIN
These registers control the bandwidth of the phase, frequency offset and amplitude
tracking loops.
AGCGAIN
This register controls the AGC (automatic gain control) loop slopes, and thus the
speed of gain adjustments. The faster the bit−rate, the faster the AGC loop should be.
TXRATE
These registers control the bit rate of the transmitter.
FSKDEV
These registers control the frequency deviation of the transmitter in FSK mode. The
receiver does not explicitly need to know the frequency deviation, only the channel
filter bandwidth has to be set wide enough for the complete modulation to pass.
Encoder
a bit−stream suitable for the modulator, and to extract
packets from the continuous bit−stream arriving from the
demodulator.
The Framing unit supports two different modes:
• Packet modes
• Raw modes
The micro−controller communicates with the framing
unit through a 256 byte FIFO. Data in the FIFO is organized
in Chunks. The chunk header encodes the length and what
data is contained in the payload. Chunks may contain packet
data, but also RSSI, Frequency offset, Timestamps, etc.
The AX5043 contains one FIFO. Its direction is switched
depending on whether transmit or receive mode is selected.
The FIFO can be operated in polled or interrupt driven
modes. In polled mode, the microcontroller must
periodically read the FIFO status register or the FIFO count
register to determine whether the FIFO needs servicing.
In interrupt mode EMPTY, NOT EMPTY, FULL, NOT
FULL and programmable level interrupts are provided. The
AX5043 signals interrupts by asserting (driving high) its
IRQ line. The interrupt line is level triggered, active high.
Interrupts are acknowledged by removing the cause for the
interrupt, i.e. by emptying or filling the FIFO.
Basic FIFO status (EMPTY, FULL, Overrun, Underrun,
FIFO fill level above threshold, FIFO free space above
threshold) are also provided during each SPI access on
MISO while the micro− controller shifts out the register
address on MOSI. See the SPI interface section for details.
This feature significantly reduces the number of SPI
accesses necessary during transmit and receive.
The encoder is located between the Framing Unit, the
Demodulator and the Modulator. It can optionally transform
the bit−stream in the following ways:
• It can invert the bit stream.
• It can perform differential encoding. This means that a
zero is transmitted as no change in the level, and a one
is transmitted as a change in the level.
• It can perform Manchester encoding. Manchester
encoding ensures that the modulation has no DC
content and enough transitions (changes from 0 to 1 and
from 1 to 0) for the demodulator bit timing recovery to
function correctly, but does so at a doubling of the data
rate.
• It can perform spectral shaping (also know as
whitening). Spectral shaping removes DC content of
the bit stream, ensures transitions for the demodulator
bit timing recovery, and makes sure that the transmitted
spectrum does not have discrete lines even if the
transmitted data is cyclic. It does so without adding
additional bits, i.e. without changing the data rate.
Spectral Shaping uses a self synchronizing feedback
shift register.
The encoder is programmed using the register
ENCODING, details and recommendations on usage are
given in the AX5043 Programming Manual.
Framing and FIFO
Most radio systems today group data into packets. The
framing unit is responsible for converting these packets into
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20
AX5043
delimiting, and optional packet correctness check by
inserting and checking a cyclic redundancy check (CRC)
field.
NOTE: HDLC mode follows High−Level Data Link
Control (HDLC, ISO 13239) protocol.
Packet Modes
The AX5043 offers different packet modes. For arbitrary
packet sizes HDLC is recommended since the flag and
bit−stuffing mechanism. The AX5043 also offers packet
modes with fixed packet length with a byte indicating the
length of the packet.
In packet modes a CRC can be computed automatically.
HDLC Mode is the main framing mode of the AX5043. In
this mode, the AX5043 performs automatic packet
The packet structure is given in the following table.
Table 20. HDLC PACKET STRUCTURE
Flag
Address
Control
Information
FCS
(Optional Flag)
8 bit
8 bit
8 or 16 bit
Variable length, 0 or more bits in multiples of 8
16 / 32 bit
8 bit
HDLC packets are delimited with flag sequences of
content 0x7E.
In AX5043 the meaning of address and control is user
defined. The Frame Check Sequence (FCS) can be
programmed to be CRC−CCITT, CRC−16 or CRC−32.
The receiver checks the CRC, the result can be retrieved
from the FIFO, the CRC is appended to the received data.
In Wireless M−Bus Mode, the packet structure is given in
the following table.
NOTE: Wireless M−Bus mode follows EN13757−4
Table 21. WIRELESS M−BUS PACKET STRUCTURE
Preamble
L
C
M
A
FCS
Optional Data Block
(optionally repeated with FCS)
FCS
variable
8 bit
8 bit
16 bit
48 bit
16 bit
8 − 96 bit
16 bit
value of the AGC and can be used as an RSSI. The
step size of this RSSI is 0.625 dB. The value can
be used as soon as the RF frequency generation
sub−system has been programmed.
2. RSSI behind the digital IF channel filter.
The register RSSI contains the current value of the
RSSI behind the digital IF channel filter. The step
size of this RSSI is 1 dB.
3. RSSI behind the digital IF channel filter high
accuracy.
The demodulator also provides amplitude
information in the TRK_AMPLITUDE register.
By combining both the AGCCOUNTER and the
TRK_AMPLITUDE registers, a high resolution
(better than 0.1 dB) RSSI value can be computed
at the expense of a few arithmetic operations on
the micro−controller. The AXSEM RadioLab
Software calculates the necessary register settings
for best performance and details can be found in
the AX5043 Programming Manual.
For details on implementing a HDLC communication as
well as Wireless M−Bus please use the AXSEM RadioLab
software and see the AX5043 Programming Manual.
Raw Modes
In Raw mode, the AX5043 does not perform any packet
delimiting or byte synchronization. It simply serializes
transmit bytes and de−serializes the received bit−stream and
groups it into bytes. This mode is ideal for implementing
legacy protocols in software.
Raw mode with preamble match is similar to raw mode.
In this mode, however, the receiver does not receive
anything until it detects a user programmable bit pattern
(called the preamble) in the receive bit−stream. When it
detects the preamble, it aligns the de−serialization to it.
The preamble can be between 4 and 32 bits long.
RX AGC and RSSI
AX5043 features three receiver signal strength indicators
(RSSI):
1. RSSI before the digital IF channel filter.
The gain of the receiver is adjusted in order to
keep the analog IF filter output level inside the
working range of the ADC and demodulator. The
register AGCCOUNTER contains the current
Modulator
Depending on the transmitter settings the modulator
generates various inputs for the PA:
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AX5043
Table 22. MODULATIONS
Modulation
Bit = 0
Bit = 1
Main Lobe Bandwidth
Max. Bitrate
ASK
PA off
PA on
BW = BITRATE
125 kBit/s
FSK/MSK/GFSK/GMSK
Df = −fdeviation
Df = +fdeviation
BW = (1 + h) ⋅BITRATE
125 kBit/s
PSK
DF = 0°
DF = 180°
BW = BITRATE
125 kBit/s
All modulation schemes, except 4−FSK, are binary.
Amplitude can be shaped using a raised cosine waveform.
Amplitude shaping will also be performed for constant
amplitude modulation ((G)FSK, (G)MSK) for ramping up
and down the PA. Amplitude shaping should always be
enabled.
Frequency shaping can either be hard (FSK, MSK), or
Gaussian (GMSK, GFSK), with selectable BT = 0.3 or
BT = 0.5.
h
= modulation index. It is the ratio of the deviation
compared to the bit−rate; fdeviation = 0.5⋅h⋅BITRATE,
AX5043 can demodulate signals with h < 32.
ASK = amplitude shift keying
FSK = frequency shift keying
MSK= minimum shift keying; MSK is a special case of
FSK, where h = 0.5, and therefore
fdeviation = 0.25⋅BITRATE; the advantage of MSK over FSK
is that it can be demodulated more robustly.
PSK = phase shift keying
Table 23. 4−FSK MODULATION
Modulation
DiBit = 00
DiBit = 01
DiBit = 11
DiBit = 10
Main Lobe Bandwidth
Max. Bitrate
4−FSK
Df = −3fdeviation
Df = −fdeviation
Df = +fdeviation
Df = +3fdeviation
BW = (1 + 3 h) ⋅BITRATE
125 kBit/s
4−FSK Frequency shaping is always hard.
Df +
Automatic Frequency Control (AFC)
TRKRFFREQ
f XTAL
2 24
The pull−in range of the AFC can be programmed with the
MAXRFOFFSET Registers.
The AX5043 features an automatic frequency tracking
loop which is capable of tracking the transmitter frequency
within the RX filter band width. On top of that the AX5043
has a frequency tracking register TRKRFFREQ to
synchronize the receiver frequency to a carrier signal. For
AFC adjustment, the frequency offset can be computed with
the following formula:
PWRMODE Register
The PWRMODE register controls, which parts of the chip
are operating.
Table 24. PWRMODE REGISTER
PWRMODE Register
Name
Description
0000
POWERDOWN
All digital and analog functions, except the register file, are disabled. The core supply
voltages are switched off to conserve leakage power. Register contents are preserved and
accessible registers via SPI, but at a slower speed.
Access to the FIFO is not possible and the contents are not preserved. POWERDOWN
mode is only entered once the FIFO is empty.
0001
DEEPSLEEP
AX5043 is fully turned off. All digital and analog functions are disabled. All register
contents are lost.
To leave DEEPSLEEP mode the pin SEL has to be pulled low. This will initiate startup and
reset of the AX5043. Then the MISO line should be polled, as it will be held low during
initialization and will rise to high at the end of the initialization, when the chip becomes
ready for operation.
0101
STANDBY
The crystal oscillator and the reference are powered on; receiver and transmitter are off.
Register contents are preserved and accessible registers via SPI.
Access to the FIFO is not possible and the contents are not preserved. STANDBY is only
entered once the FIFO is empty.
0110
FIFO
1000
SYNTHRX
1001
FULLRX
The reference is powered on. Register contents are preserved and accessible registers via
SPI.
Access to the FIFO is possible and the contents are preserved.
The synthesizer is running on the receive frequency. Transmitter and receiver are still off.
This mode is used to let the synthesizer settle on the correct frequency for receive.
Synthesizer and receiver are running.
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AX5043
Table 24. PWRMODE REGISTER
PWRMODE Register
Name
Description
1011
WOR
1100
SYNTHTX
1101
FULLTX
Receiver wakeup−on−radio mode.
The mode the same as POWERDOWN, but the 640 Hz internal low power oscillator is
running.
The synthesizer is running on the transmit frequency. Transmitter and receiver are still off.
This mode is used to let the synthesizer settle on the correct frequency for transmit.
Synthesizer and transmitter are running. Do not switch into this mode before the
synthesizer has completely settled on the transmit frequency (in SYNTHTX mode),
otherwise spurious spectral transmissions will occur.
Table 25. A TYPICAL PWRMODE SEQUENCE FOR A TRANSMIT SESSION
Step
PWRMODE
Remarks
1
POWERDOWN
2
STANDBY
The settling time is dominated by the crystal used, typical value 3ms.
3
FULLTX
Data transmission
4
POWERDOWN
Table 26. A TYPICAL PWRMODE SEQUENCE FOR A RECEIVE SESSION
Step
PWRMODE [3:0]
Remarks
1
POWERDOWN
2
STANDBY
The settling time is dominated by the crystal used, typical value 3ms.
3
FULLRX
Data reception
4
POWERDOWN
Serial Peripheral Interface
registers are at the beginning of the address space, i.e. at
addresses less than 0x70. These registers can be accessed
more efficiently using the short address form, which is
detailed in Figure 6.
Some registers are longer than 8 bits. These registers can
be accessed more quickly than by reading and writing
individual 8 bit parts. This is illustrated in Figure 8. Accesses
are not limited by 16 bits either, reading and writing data
bytes can be continued as long as desired. After each byte,
the address counter is incremented by one. Also, this access
form works with long addresses.
During the address phase of the access, the AX5043
outputs the most important status bits. This feature is
designed to speed up the software decision on what to do in
an interrupt handler.
The status bits contain the following information:
The AX5043 can be programmed via a four wire serial
interface according SPI using the pins CLK, MOSI, MISO
and SEL. Registers for setting up the AX5043 are
programmed via the serial peripheral interface in all device
modes.
When the interface signal SEL is pulled low, a
configuration data stream is expected on the input signal pin
MOSI, which is interpreted as D0...Dx, A0...Ax, R_N/W.
Data read from the interface appears on MISO.
Figure 6 shows a write/read access to the interface. The
data stream is built of an address byte including read/write
information and a data byte. Depending on the R_N/W bit
and address bits A[6..0], data D[7..0] can be written via
MOSI or read at the pin MISO. R_N/W = 0 means read
mode, R_N/W = 1 means write mode.
Most registers are 8 bits wide and accessed using the
waveforms as detailed in Figure 7. The most important
Table 27. SPI STATUS BITS
SPI Bit Cell
Status
Meaning / Register Bit
0
−
1
S14
PLL LOCK
2
S13
FIFO OVER
1 (when transitioning out of deep sleep mode, this bit transitions from 0 → 1 when the power
becomes ready)
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AX5043
Table 27. SPI STATUS BITS
SPI Bit Cell
Status
Meaning / Register Bit
3
S12
FIFO UNDER
4
S11
THRESHOLD FREE (FIFOFREE > FIFOTHRESH)
5
S10
THRESHOLD COUNT (FIFOCOUNT > FIFOTHRESH)
6
S9
FIFO FULL
7
S8
FIFO EMPTY
8
S7
PWRGOOD (not BROWNOUT)
9
S6
PWR INTERRUPT PENDING
10
S5
RADIO EVENT PENDING
11
S4
XTAL OSCILLATOR RUNNING
12
S3
WAKEUP INTERRUPT PENDING
13
S2
LPOSC INTERRUPT PENDING
14
S1
GPADC INTERRUPT PENDING
15
S0
internal
NOTE: Bit cells 8−15 (S7…S0) are only available in two address byte SPI access formats.
SPI Timing
Tss
Tck TchTcl
Tsh
Ts Th
SEL
CLK
MOSI
R/ W
MISO
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
S14
S13
S12
S11
S10
S9
S8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Tssd
Tco
Tssz
Figure 6. SPI 8 Bit Read/Write Access with Timing
SEL
CLK
MOSI
R/W
MISO
S14
S13
S12
A11
A10
A9
A8
A7
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
S11
S10
S9
S8
S7
S6
S5
S4
S3
S2
S1
S0
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Figure 7. SPI 8 Bit Long Address Read/Write Access
SEL
CLK
MOSI
MISO
R/W
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
S14
S13
S12
S11
S10
S9
S8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Figure 8. SPI 16 Bit Long Read/Write Access
Wire Mode Interface
The direction can be chosen by programming the
PWRMODE register.
Wire mode offers two variants: synchronous or
asynchronous.
In wire mode the transmitted or received data are
transferred from and to the AX5043 using the pins DATA
and DCLK. DATA is an input when transmitting and an
output when receiving.
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AX5043
Wiremode is also available in 4−FSK mode. The two bits
that encode one symbol are serialized on the DATA pin. The
PWRAMP pin can be used as a synchronisation pin to allow
symbol (dibit) boundaries to be reconstructed. Gray coding
is used to reduce the number of bit errors in case of a wrong
decision. The AXSEM RadioLab software calculates the
necessary register settings for best performance and details
can be found in the AX5043 Programming Manual.
Registers for setting up the AX5043 are programmed via
the serial peripheral interface (SPI).
In synchronous wire mode the, the AX5043 always drives
DCLK. Transmit data must be applied to DATA
synchronously to DCLK, and receive data must be sampled
synchronously to DCLK. Timing is given in Figure 9. In
asynchronous wire mode, a low voltage RS232 type UART
can be connected to DATA. DCLK is optional in this mode.
The UART must be programmed to send two stop bits, but
must be able to accept only one stop bit. Both the UART data
rate and the AX5043 transmit and receive bit rate must
match. The AX5043 synchronizes the RS232 signal to its
internal transmission clock, by inserting or deleting a stop
bit.
Tdck Tdch Tdcl
Wire Mode Timing
Tds Tdh
DCLK (DCLKI=0)
DCLK (DCLKI=1)
DATA (TX)
DATA (RX)
Tdco
Figure 9. Wire Mode Interface Timing
General Purpose ADC (GPADC)
The GPADC Interrupt is cleared by reading the result
register GPADC13VALUE.
If continuous sampling is desired, set the CONT bit in
register GPADCCTRL. The desired sampling rate can be
specified in the GPADCPERIOD register.
The AX5043 features a general purpose ADC. The ADC
input pins are GPADC1 and GPADC2. The ADC converts
the voltage difference applied between pins GPADC1 and
GPADC2. If pin GPADC2 is left open, the ADC converts the
difference between an internally generated value of 800 mV
and the voltage applied at pin GPADC1.
The GPADC can only be used if the receiver is disabled.
To enable the GPADC write 1 to the GPADC13 bit in the
GPADCCTRL register. To start a single conversion, write 1
to the BUSY bit in the GPADCCTRL register. Then wait for
the BUSY bit to clear, or the GPADC Interrupt to be asserted.
SD DAC
One digital Pin (ANTSEL or PWRAMP) may be used as
a SD Digital−to−Analog Converter. A simple RC lowpass
filter is needed to smooth the output. The DAC may be used
to output RSSI, many demodulator variables, or a constant
value under software control.
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AX5043
REGISTER BANK DESCRIPTION
No checks are made whether the programmed
combination of bits makes sense! Bit 0 is always the LSB.
This section describes the bits of the register bank as
reference. The registers are grouped by functional block to
facilitate programming. The AXSEM RadioLab software
calculates the necessary register settings for best
performance and details can be found in the AX5043
Programming Manual.
An R in the retention column means that this register’s
contents are not lost during power−down mode.
NOTES: Whole registers or register bits marked as
reserved should be kept at their default values.
All addresses not documented here must not be
accessed, neither in reading nor in writing.
The retention column indicates if the register
contents are preserved in power−down mode.
Table 28. CONTROL REGISTER MAP
Bit
Add
Name
Dir Ret
7
Reset
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Description
Revision & Interface Probing
000
REVISION
R
01010001 SILICONREV(7:0)
Silicon Revision
001
SCRATCH
RW R
11000101
SCRATCH(7:0)
Scratch Register
RW R
011–0000
RST
R
Operating Mode
002
PWRMODE
XOEN
REFEN
WDS
PWRMODE(3:0)
Power Mode
Voltage Regulator
003
POWSTAT
R
R
–––––––– SSUM
SREF
SVREF
SVANA
SVMODEM
SBEVANA
SBEVMOD SVIO
EM
Power Management
Status
004
POWSTICKYST
AT
R
R
–––––––– SSSUM
SREF
SSVREF
SSVANA
SSVMODE
M
SSBEVANA
SSBEVMO
DEM
SSVIO
Power Management
Sticky Status
005
POWIRQMASK
RW R
00000000 MPWR
GOOD
MSREF
MSVREF
MS VANA
MS
VMODEM
MSBE
VANA
MSBE
VMODEM
MSVIO
Power Management
Interrupt Mask
–
IRQMASK(13:8)
Interrupt Control
006
IRQMASK1
RW R
––000000 –
007
IRQMASK0
RW R
00000000 IRQMASK(7:0)
008
RADIOEVENTM
ASK1
RW R
–––––––0 –
009
RADIOEVENTM
ASK0
RW R
00000000 RADIO EVENT MASK(7:0)
00A
IRQINVERSION
1
RW R
––000000 –
00B
IRQINVERSION
0
RW R
00000000 IRQINVERSION(7:0)
00C
IRQREQUEST1
R
R
–––––––– –
00D
IRQREQUEST0
R
R
–––––––– IRQREQUEST(7:0)
00E
RADIOEVENTR
EQ1
R
–––––––– –
00F
RADIOEVENTR
EQ0
R
–––––––– RADIO EVENT REQ(7:0)
–
–
–
–
IRQ Mask
IRQ Mask
–
–
–
–
–
RADIO
EVENT
MASK(8)
Radio Event Mask
Radio Event Mask
IRQINVERSION(13:8)
IRQ Inversion
IRQ Inversion
IRQREQUEST(13:8)
IRQ Request
IRQ Request
–
–
–
–
–
RADIO
EVENT
REQ(8)
Radio Event Request
Radio Event Request
Modulation & Framing
010
MODULATION
RW R
–––01000 –
–
–
RX HALF
SPEED
MODULATION(3:0)
011
ENCODING
RW R
–––00010 –
–
–
ENC
NOSYNC
ENC
MANCH
012
FRAMING
RW R
–0000000 FRMRX
CRCMODE(2:0)
014
CRCINIT3
RW R
11111111
CRCINIT(31:24)
CRC Initialisation Data
015
CRCINIT2
RW R
11111111
CRCINIT(23:16)
CRC Initialisation Data
016
CRCINIT1
RW R
11111111
CRCINIT(15:8)
CRC Initialisation Data
017
CRCINIT0
RW R
11111111
CRCINIT(7:0)
CRC Initialisation Data
ENC
SCRAM
FRMMODE(2:0)
Modulation
ENC DIFF
ENC INV
Encoder/Decoder
Settings
FABORT
Framing settings
Forward Error Correction
018
FEC
RW R
00000000 SHORT
MEM
019
FECSYNC
RW R
01100010
01A
FECSTATUS
R
–––––––– FEC INV
R
RSTVI
TERBI
FEC NEG
FEC POS
FECSYNC(7:0)
FECINPSHIFT(2:0)
FEC ENA
FEC (Viterbi)
Configuration
Interleaver
Synchronisation
Threshold
MAXMETRIC(6:0)
FEC Status
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AX5043
Table 28. CONTROL REGISTER MAP
Bit
Add
Name
Dir Ret
7
Reset
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Description
Status
01C
RADIOSTATE
R
–
––––0000 –
–
–
–
RADIOSTATE(3:0)
01D
XTALSTATUS
R
R
–––––––– –
–
–
–
–
–
–
XTAL
RUN
Radio Controller State
Crystal Oscillator
Status
R
–––––––– –
–
PS PWR
AMP
PS ANT
SEL
PS IRQ
PS DATA
PS DCLK
PS SYS
CLK
Pinstate
Pin Configuration
020
PINSTATE
R
021
PINFUNCSYSC
LK
RW R
0––01000 PU
SYSCLK
–
–
PFSYSCLK(4:0)
022
PINFUNCDCLK
RW R
00–––100 PU DCLK
PI DCLK
–
–
–
PFDCLK(2:0)
DCLK Pin Function
023
PINFUNCDATA
RW R
10–––111
PU DATA
PI DATA
–
–
–
PFDATA(2:0)
DATA Pin Function
024
PINFUNCIRQ
RW R
00–––011
PU IRQ
PI IRQ
–
–
–
PFIRQ(2:0)
IRQ Pin Function
025
PINFUNCANTS
EL
RW R
00–––110
PU ANTSEL PI ANTSEL
–
–
–
PFANTSEL(2:0)
ANTSEL Pin Function
026
PINFUNCPWRA RW R
MP
00––0110
PU
PWRAMP
PI
PWRAMP
–
–
PFPWRAMP(3:0)
027
PWRAMP
RW R
–––––––0 –
–
–
–
–
–
–
028
FIFOSTAT
R
R
0––––––– FIFO AUTO
COMMIT
–
FIFO FREE
THR
FIFO CNT
THR
FIFO OVER
FIFO
UNDER
FIFO FULL FIFO
EMPTY
W
R
029
FIFODATA
RW
02A
FIFOCOUNT1
R
R
–––––––0 –
–
–
–
–
02B
FIFOCOUNT0
R
R
00000000 FIFOCOUNT(7:0)
02C
FIFOFREE1
R
R
–––––––1 –
02D
FIFOFREE0
R
R
00000000 FIFOFREE(7:0)
02E
FIFOTHRESH1
RW R
–––––––0 –
02F
FIFOTHRESH0
RW R
00000000 FIFOTHRESH(7:0)
SYSCLK Pin Function
PWRAMP Pin Function
PWRAMP
PWRAMP Control
FIFO
FIFO Control
FIFOCMD(5:0)
–––––––– FIFODATA(7:0)
–
–
–
FIFO Data
–
FIFO
COUNT(8
)
Number of Words
currently in FIFO
Number of Words
currently in FIFO
–
–
–
–
–
FIFO
FREE(8)
Number of Words that
can be written to FIFO
Number of Words that
can be written to FIFO
–
–
–
–
–
FIFO
THRESH
(8)
FIFO Threshold
FIFO Threshold
Synthesizer
030
PLLLOOP
RW R
0–––1001 FREQB
–
–
–
DIRECT
FILT EN
FLT(1:0)
PLL Loop Filter
Settings
031
PLLCPI
RW R
00001000 PLLCPI
032
PLLVCODIV
RW R
–000–000 –
VCOI MAN
VCO2INT
VCOSEL
–
033
PLLRANGINGA
RW R
00001000 STICKY
LOCK
PLL LOCK
RNGERR
RNG
START
VCORA(3:0)
034
FREQA3
RW R
00111001
FREQA(31:24)
Synthesizer Frequency
035
FREQA2
RW R
00110100
FREQA(23:16)
Synthesizer Frequency
036
FREQA1
RW R
11001100
FREQA(15:8)
Synthesizer Frequency
037
FREQA0
RW R
11001101
FREQA(7:0)
038
PLLLOOPBOOS RW R
T
0–––1011
FREQB
039
PLLCPIBOOST
RW R
11001000
PLLCPI
03B
PLLRANGINGB
RW R
00001000 STICKY
LOCK
03C
FREQB3
RW R
00111001
FREQB(31:24)
Synthesizer Frequency
03D
FREQB2
RW R
00110100
FREQB(23:16)
Synthesizer Frequency
03E
FREQB1
RW R
11001100
FREQB(15:8)
Synthesizer Frequency
03F
FREQB0
RW R
11001101
FREQB(7:0)
Synthesizer Frequency
–––––––– RSSI(7:0)
PLL Charge Pump
Current (Boosted)
RFDIV
REFDIV(1:0)
PLL Divider Settings
PLL Autoranging
Synthesizer Frequency
–
–
–
DIRECT
FILT EN
FLT(1:0)
PLL Loop Filter
Settings (Boosted)
PLL Charge Pump
Current
PLL LOCK
RNGERR
RNG
START
VCORB(3:0)
PLL Autoranging
Signal Strength
040
RSSI
R
R
Received Signal
Strength Indicator
041
BGNDRSSI
RW R
00000000 BGNDRSSI(7:0)
042
DIVERSITY
RW R
––––––00 –
–
Background RSSI
–
–
www.onsemi.com
27
–
–
ANT SEL
DIV ENA
Antenna Diversity
Configuration
AX5043
Table 28. CONTROL REGISTER MAP
Bit
Add
Name
043
AGCCOUNTER
Dir Ret
7
Reset
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Description
RW R
–––––––– AGCCOUNTER(7:0)
AGC Current Value
Receiver Tracking
045
TRKDATARATE
2
R
R
–––––––– TRKDATARATE(23:16)
Datarate Tracking
046
TRKDATARATE
1
R
R
–––––––– TRKDATARATE(15:8)
Datarate Tracking
047
TRKDATARATE
0
R
R
–––––––– TRKDATARATE(7:0)
Datarate Tracking
048
TRKAMPL1
R
R
–––––––– TRKAMPL(15:8)
Amplitude Tracking
049
TRKAMPL0
R
R
–––––––– TRKAMPL(7:0)
04A
TRKPHASE1
R
R
–––––––– –
04B
TRKPHASE0
R
R
–––––––– TRKPHASE(7:0)
04D
TRKRFFREQ2
RW R
–––––––– –
04E
TRKRFFREQ1
RW R
–––––––– TRRFKFREQ(15:8)
RF Frequency
Tracking
04F
TRKRFFREQ0
RW R
–––––––– TRRFKFREQ(7:0)
RF Frequency
Tracking
050
TRKFREQ1
RW R
–––––––– TRKFREQ(15:8)
Frequency Tracking
051
TRKFREQ0
RW R
–––––––– TRKFREQ(7:0)
052
TRKFSKDEMO
D1
R
R
–––––––– –
053
TRKFSKDEMO
D0
R
R
–––––––– TRKFSKDEMOD(7:0)
FSK Demodulator
Tracking
054
TRKAFSKDEM
OD1
R
R
–––––––– TRKAFSKDEMOD(15:8)
AFSK Demodulator
Tracking
055
TRKAFSKDEM
OD0
R
R
–––––––– TRKAFSKDEMOD(7:0)
AFSK Demodulator
Tracking
059
TIMER2
R
–
–––––––– TIMER(23:16)
1MHz Timer
05A
TIMER1
R
–
–––––––– TIMER(15:8)
1MHz Timer
05B
TIMER0
R
–
–––––––– TIMER(7:0)
1MHz Timer
068
WAKEUPTIMER R
1
R
–––––––– WAKEUPTIMER(15:8)
Wakeup Timer
069
WAKEUPTIMER R
0
R
–––––––– WAKEUPTIMER(7:0)
Wakeup Timer
06A
WAKEUP1
RW R
00000000 WAKEUP(15:8)
Wakeup Time
06B
WAKEUP0
RW R
00000000 WAKEUP(7:0)
Wakeup Time
06C
WAKEUPFREQ
1
RW R
00000000 WAKEUPFREQ(15:8)
Wakeup Frequency
06D
WAKEUPFREQ
0
RW R
00000000 WAKEUPFREQ(7:0)
Wakeup Frequency
06E
WAKEUPXOEA
RLY
RW R
00000000 WAKEUPXOEARLY
Wakeup Crystal
Oscillator Early
2nd LO / IF Frequency
–
–
–
Amplitude Tracking
–
–
TRKPHASE(11:8)
–
–
TRRFKFREQ(19:16)
Phase Tracking
Phase Tracking
RF Frequency
Tracking
Frequency Tracking
TRKFSKDEMOD(13:8)
FSK Demodulator
Tracking
Timer
Wakeup Timer
Physical Layer Parameters
Receiver Parameters
100
IFFREQ1
RW R
00010001 IFFREQ(15:8)
101
IFFREQ0
RW R
00100111
IFFREQ(7:0)
102
DECIMATION
RW R
–0001101
–
103
RXDATARATE2
RW R
00000000 RXDATARATE(23:16)
Receiver Datarate
104
RXDATARATE1
RW R
00111101
Receiver Datarate
105
RXDATARATE0
RW R
10001010 RXDATARATE(7:0)
Receiver Datarate
106
MAXDROFFSE
T2
RW R
00000000 MAXDROFFSET(23:16)
Maximum Receiver
Datarate Offset
107
MAXDROFFSE
T1
RW R
00000000 MAXDROFFSET(15:8)
Maximum Receiver
Datarate Offset
108
MAXDROFFSE
T0
RW R
10011110
Maximum Receiver
Datarate Offset
109
MAXRFOFFSET RW R
2
2nd LO / IF Frequency
DECIMATION(6:0)
Decimation Factor
RXDATARATE(15:8)
MAXDROFFSET(7:0)
0–––0000 FREQ
OFFS
CORR
–
–
–
www.onsemi.com
28
MAXRFOFFSET(19:16)
Maximum Receiver RF
Offset
AX5043
Table 28. CONTROL REGISTER MAP
Bit
Add
Name
Dir Ret
7
Reset
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Description
10A
MAXRFOFFSET RW R
1
00010110
MAXRFOFFSET(15:8)
Maximum Receiver RF
Offset
10B
MAXRFOFFSET RW R
0
10000111
MAXRFOFFSET(7:0)
Maximum Receiver RF
Offset
10C
FSKDMAX1
RW R
00000000 FSKDEVMAX(15:8)
Four FSK Rx Deviation
10D
FSKDMAX0
RW R
10000000 FSKDEVMAX(7:0)
Four FSK Rx Deviation
10E
FSKDMIN1
RW R
11111111
Four FSK Rx Deviation
10F
FSKDMIN0
RW R
10000000 FSKDEVMIN(7:0)
110
AFSKSPACE1
RW R
––––0000 –
111
AFSKSPACE0
RW R
01000000 AFSKSPACE(7:0)
112
AFSKMARK1
RW R
––––0000 –
113
AFSKMARK0
RW R
01110101
114
AFSKCTRL
RW R
–––00100 –
–
–
AFSKSHIFT0(4:0)
AFSK Control
115
AMPLFILTER
RW R
––––0000 –
–
–
–
AMPLFILTER(3:0)
Amplitude Filter
116
FREQUENCYLE RW R
AK
––––0000 –
–
–
–
FREQUENCYLEAK[3:0]
Baseband Frequency
Recovery Loop
Leakiness
117
RXPARAMSETS RW R
00000000 RXPS3(1:0)
118
RXPARAMCUR
SET
–––––––– –
R
R
FSKDEVMIN(15:8)
–
Four FSK Rx Deviation
–
–
–
AFSKSPACE(11:8)
AFSK Space (0)
Frequency
AFSK Space (0)
Frequency
–
–
AFSKMARK(11:8)
AFSK Mark (1)
Frequency
AFSKMARK(7:0)
AFSK Mark (1)
Frequency
RXPS2(1:0)
–
–
RXSI(2)
RXPS1(1:0)
RXPS0(1:0)
Receiver Parameter
Set Indirection
RXSN(1:0)
RXSI(1:0)
Receiver Parameter
Current Set
Receiver Parameter Set 0
120
AGCGAIN0
RW R
10110100
AGCDECAY0(3:0)
121
AGCTARGET0
RW R
01110110
AGCTARGET0(7:0)
122
AGCAHYST0
RW R
–––––000 −
123
AGCMINMAX0
RW R
–000–000 −
124
TIMEGAIN0
RW R
11111000
TIMEGAIN0M
TIMEGAIN0E
Timing Gain
125
DRGAIN0
RW R
11110010
DRGAIN0M
DRGAIN0E
Data Rate Gain
126
PHASEGAIN0
RW R
11––0011
FILTERIDX0(1:0)
–
–
PHASEGAIN0(3:0)
Filter Index, Phase
Gain
127
FREQGAINA0
RW R
00001111
FREQ LIM0
FREQ
MODULO0
FREQ
HALFMOD0
FREQ
AMPL
GATE0
FREQGAINA0(3:0)
Frequency Gain A
128
FREQGAINB0
RW R
00–11111
FREQ
FREEZE0
FREQ
AVG0
–
FREQGAINB0(4:0)
Frequency Gain B
129
FREQGAINC0
RW R
–––01010 –
–
–
FREQGAINC0(4:0)
Frequency Gain C
12A
FREQGAIND0
RW R
0––01010 RFFREQ
FREEZE0
–
–
FREQGAIND0(4:0)
Frequency Gain D
12B
AMPLGAIN0
RW R
01––0110
AMPL AGC
–
–
AMPLGAIN0(3:0)
Amplitude Gain
12C
FREQDEV10
RW R
––––0000 –
–
–
–
FREQDEV0(11:8)
Receiver Frequency
Deviation
12D
FREQDEV00
RW R
00100000 FREQDEV0(7:0)
12E
FOURFSK0
RW R
–––10110
12F
BBOFFSRES0
RW R
AMPL AVG
–
AGCATTACK0(3:0)
AGC Target
AGCMAXDA0(2:0)
–
AGC Speed
−
AGCAHYST0(2:0)
AGC Digital Threshold
Range
AGCMINDA0(2:0)
AGC Digital Min/Max
Set Points
Receiver Frequency
Deviation
–
DEV
UPDATE0
DEVDECAY0(3:0)
Four FSK Control
10001000 RESINTB0(3:0)
RESINTA0(3:0)
Baseband Offset
Compensation
Resistors
AGCATTACK1(3:0)
AGC Speed
Receiver Parameter Set 1
130
AGCGAIN1
RW R
10110100
AGCDECAY1(3:0)
131
AGCTARGET1
RW R
01110110
AGCTARGET1(7:0)
132
AGCAHYST1
RW R
–––––000 −
133
AGCMINMAX1
RW R
–000–000 −
134
TIMEGAIN1
RW R
11110110
TIMEGAIN1M
TIMEGAIN1E
Timing Gain
135
DRGAIN1
RW R
11110001
DRGAIN1M
DRGAIN1E
Data Rate Gain
136
PHASEGAIN1
RW R
11––0011
FILTERIDX1(1:0)
PHASEGAIN1(3:0)
Filter Index, Phase
Gain
AGC Target
AGCMAXDA1(2:0)
−
–
–
www.onsemi.com
29
AGCAHYST1(2:0)
AGC Digital Threshold
Range
AGCMINDA1(2:0)
AGC Digital Min/Max
Set Points
AX5043
Table 28. CONTROL REGISTER MAP
Bit
Add
Name
Dir Ret
Reset
7
6
5
4
3
2
0
Description
FREQGAINA1
RW R
00001111
FREQ LIM1
FREQ
MODULO1
FREQ
HALFMOD1
FREQ
AMPL
GATE1
138
FREQGAINB1
RW R
00–11111
FREQ
FREEZE1
FREQ
AVG1
–
FREQGAINB1(4:0)
Frequency Gain B
139
FREQGAINC1
RW R
–––01011
–
–
–
FREQGAINC1(4:0)
Frequency Gain C
13A
FREQGAIND1
RW R
0––01011
RFFREQ
FREEZE1
–
–
FREQGAIND1(4:0)
Frequency Gain D
13B
AMPLGAIN1
RW R
01––0110
AMPL AVG1 AMPL1
AGC1
–
–
AMPLGAIN1(3:0)
Amplitude Gain
13C
FREQDEV11
RW R
––––0000 –
–
–
FREQDEV1(11:8)
Receiver Frequency
Deviation
13D
FREQDEV01
RW R
00100000 FREQDEV1(7:0)
13E
FOURFSK1
RW R
–––11000
13F
BBOFFSRES1
RW R
–
–
–
FREQGAINA1(3:0)
1
137
Frequency Gain A
Receiver Frequency
Deviation
–
DEV
UPDATE1
DEVDECAY1(3:0)
Four FSK Control
10001000 RESINTB1(3:0)
RESINTA1(3:0)
Baseband Offset
Compensation
Resistors
AGCATTACK2(3:0)
AGC Speed
Receiver Parameter Set 2
140
AGCGAIN2
RW R
11111111
AGCDECAY2(3:0)
141
AGCTARGET2
RW R
01110110
AGCTARGET2(7:0)
142
AGCAHYST2
RW R
–––––000 −
143
AGCMINMAX2
RW R
–000–000 −
144
TIMEGAIN2
RW R
11110101
TIMEGAIN2M
TIMEGAIN2E
Timing Gain
145
DRGAIN2
RW R
11110000
DRGAIN2M
DRGAIN2E
Data Rate Gain
146
PHASEGAIN2
RW R
11––0011
FILTERIDX2(1:0)
–
–
PHASEGAIN2(3:0)
Filter Index, Phase
Gain
147
FREQGAINA2
RW R
00001111
FREQ LIM2
FREQ
MODULO2
FREQ
HALFMOD2
FREQ
AMPL
GATE2
FREQGAINA2(3:0)
Frequency Gain A
148
FREQGAINB2
RW R
00–11111
FREQ
FREEZE2
FREQ
AVG2
–
FREQGAINB2(4:0)
Frequency Gain B
149
FREQGAINC2
RW R
–––01101
–
–
–
FREQGAINC2(4:0)
Frequency Gain C
14A
FREQGAIND2
RW R
0––01101
RFFREQ
FREEZE2
–
–
FREQGAIND2(4:0)
Frequency Gain D
14B
AMPLGAIN2
RW R
01––0110
AMPL AVG2 AMPL
AGC2
–
–
AMPLGAIN2(3:0)
Amplitude Gain
14C
FREQDEV12
RW R
––––0000 –
–
–
FREQDEV2(11:8)
Receiver Frequency
Deviation
14D
FREQDEV02
RW R
00100000 FREQDEV2(7:0)
14E
FOURFSK2
RW R
–––11010
14F
BBOFFSRES2
RW R
AGC Target
AGCMAXDA2(2:0)
–
–
–
−
AGCAHYST2(2:0)
AGC Digital Threshold
Range
AGCMINDA2(2:0)
AGC Digital Min/Max
Set Points
Receiver Frequency
Deviation
–
DEV
UPDATE2
DEVDECAY2(3:0)
Four FSK Control
10001000 RESINTB2(3:0)
RESINTA2(3:0)
Baseband Offset
Compensation
Resistors
AGCATTACK3(3:0)
AGC Speed
Receiver Parameter Set 3
150
AGCGAIN3
RW R
11111111
AGCDECAY3(3:0)
151
AGCTARGET3
RW R
01110110
AGCTARGET3(7:0)
152
AGCAHYST3
RW R
–––––000 −
153
AGCMINMAX3
RW R
–000–000 −
154
TIMEGAIN3
RW R
11110101
TIMEGAIN3M
TIMEGAIN3E
Timing Gain
155
DRGAIN3
RW R
11110000
DRGAIN3M
DRGAIN3E
Data Rate Gain
156
PHASEGAIN3
RW R
11––0011
FILTERIDX3(1:0)
–
–
PHASEGAIN3(3:0)
Filter Index, Phase
Gain
157
FREQGAINA3
RW R
00001111
FREQ LIM3
FREQ
MODULO3
FREQ
HALFMOD3
FREQ
AMPL
GATE3
FREQGAINA3(3:0)
Frequency Gain A
158
FREQGAINB3
RW R
00–11111
FREQ
FREEZE3
FREQ
AVG3
–
FREQGAINB3(4:0)
Frequency Gain B
159
FREQGAINC3
RW R
–––01101
–
–
–
FREQGAINC3(4:0)
Frequency Gain C
AGC Target
AGCMAXDA3(2:0)
−
www.onsemi.com
30
AGCAHYST3(2:0)
AGC Digital Threshold
Range
AGCMINDA3(2:0)
AGC Digital Min/Max
Set Points
AX5043
Table 28. CONTROL REGISTER MAP
Bit
Add
Name
Dir Ret
7
Reset
6
15A
FREQGAIND3
RW R
0––01101
RFFREQ
FREEZE3
15B
AMPLGAIN3
RW R
01––0110
AMPL AVG3 AMPL
AGC3
15C
FREQDEV13
RW R
––––0000 –
15D
FREQDEV03
RW R
00100000 FREQDEV3(7:0)
15E
FOURFSK3
RW R
–––11010
15F
BBOFFSRES3
RW R
10001000 RESINTB3(3:0)
–
–
–
–
5
4
3
2
1
0
Description
–
FREQGAIND3(4:0)
Frequency Gain D
–
–
AMPLGAIN3(3:0)
Amplitude Gain
–
–
FREQDEV3(11:8)
Receiver Frequency
Deviation
Receiver Frequency
Deviation
–
DEV
UPDATE3
DEVDECAY3(3:0)
Four FSK Control
RESINTA3(3:0)
Baseband Offset
Compensation
Resistors
Transmitter Parameters
160
MODCFGF
RW R
––––––00 –
–
–
–
–
–
FREQ SHAPE
161
FSKDEV2
RW R
00000000 FSKDEV(23:16)
FSK Frequency
Deviation
162
FSKDEV1
RW R
00001010 FSKDEV(15:8)
FSK Frequency
Deviation
163
FSKDEV0
RW R
00111101
FSK Frequency
Deviation
164
MODCFGA
RW R
0000–101 BROWN
GATE
165
TXRATE2
RW R
00000000 TXRATE(23:16)
Transmitter Bitrate
166
TXRATE1
RW R
00101000 TXRATE(15:8)
Transmitter Bitrate
167
TXRATE0
RW R
11110110
Transmitter Bitrate
168
TXPWRCOEFF
A1
RW R
00000000 TXPWRCOEFFA(15:8)
Transmitter
Predistortion
Coefficient A
169
TXPWRCOEFF
A0
RW R
00000000 TXPWRCOEFFA(7:0)
Transmitter
Predistortion
Coefficient A
16A
TXPWRCOEFF
B1
RW R
00001111
TXPWRCOEFFB(15:8)
Transmitter
Predistortion
Coefficient B
16B
TXPWRCOEFF
B0
RW R
11111111
TXPWRCOEFFB(7:0)
Transmitter
Predistortion
Coefficient B
16C
TXPWRCOEFF
C1
RW R
00000000 TXPWRCOEFFC(15:8)
Transmitter
Predistortion
Coefficient C
16D
TXPWRCOEFF
C0
RW R
00000000 TXPWRCOEFFC(7:0)
Transmitter
Predistortion
Coefficient C
16E
TXPWRCOEFF
D1
RW R
00000000 TXPWRCOEFFD(15:8)
Transmitter
Predistortion
Coefficient D
16F
TXPWRCOEFF
D0
RW R
00000000 TXPWRCOEFFD(7:0)
Transmitter
Predistortion
Coefficient D
170
TXPWRCOEFF
E1
RW R
00000000 TXPWRCOEFFE(15:8)
Transmitter
Predistortion
Coefficient E
171
TXPWRCOEFF
E0
RW R
00000000 TXPWRCOEFFE(7:0)
Transmitter
Predistortion
Coefficient E
FSKDEV(7:0)
PTTLCK
GATE
SLOW RAMP
–
AMPL
SHAPE
TX SE
TX DIFF
TXRATE(7:0)
Modulator
Configuration F
Modulator
Configuration A
PLL Parameters
180
PLLVCOI
RW R
0–010010 VCOIE
–
VCOI(5:0)
VCO Current
181
PLLVCOIR
RW R
–––––––– –
–
VCOIR(5:0)
VCO Current
Readback
182
PLLLOCKDET
RW R
–––––011
LOCKDETDLYR
–
–
–
LOCK DET
DLYM
183
PLLRNGCLK
RW R
–––––011
–
–
–
–
PLLRNGCLK(2:0)
RW R
00000000 XTALCAP(7:0)
–
LOCKDETDLY
PLL Lock Detect Delay
PLL Ranging Clock
Crystal Oscillator
184
XTALCAP
Crystal Oscillator Load
Capacitance
www.onsemi.com
31
AX5043
Table 28. CONTROL REGISTER MAP
Bit
Add
Name
Dir Ret
7
Reset
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Description
Baseband
188
BBTUNE
RW R
–––01001 –
–
189
BBOFFSCAP
RW R
–111–111
CAP INT B(2:0)
–
–
BB TUNE
RUN
BBTUNE(3:0)
–
Baseband Tuning
CAP INT A(2:0)
Baseband Offset
Compensation
Capacitors
MAC Layer Parameters
Packet Format
200
PKTADDRCFG
RW R
001–0000 MSB FIRST
CRC SKIP
FIRST
FEC SYNC
DIS
–
ADDR POS(3:0)
Packet Address Config
201
PKTLENCFG
RW R
00000000 LEN BITS(3:0
202
PKTLENOFFSE
T
RW R
00000000 LEN OFFSET(7:0)
LEN POS(3:0)
Packet Length Config
Packet Length Offset
203
PKTMAXLEN
RW R
00000000 MAX LEN(7:0)
Packet Maximum
Length
204
PKTADDR3
RW R
00000000 ADDR(31:24)
Packet Address 3
205
PKTADDR2
RW R
00000000 ADDR(23:16)
Packet Address 2
206
PKTADDR1
RW R
00000000 ADDR(15:8)
Packet Address 1
207
PKTADDR0
RW R
00000000 ADDR(7:0)
Packet Address 0
208
PKTADDRMAS
K3
RW R
00000000 ADDRMASK(31:24)
Packet Address Mask
1
209
PKTADDRMAS
K2
RW R
00000000 ADDRMASK(23:16)
Packet Address Mask
0
20A
PKTADDRMAS
K1
RW R
00000000 ADDRMASK(15:8)
Packet Address Mask
1
20B
PKTADDRMAS
K0
RW R
00000000 ADDRMASK(7:0)
Packet Address Mask
0
Pattern Match
210
MATCH0PAT3
RW R
00000000 MATCH0PAT(31:24)
Pattern Match Unit 0,
Pattern
211
MATCH0PAT2
RW R
00000000 MATCH0PAT(23:16)
Pattern Match Unit 0,
Pattern
212
MATCH0PAT1
RW R
00000000 MATCH0PAT(15:8)
Pattern Match Unit 0,
Pattern
213
MATCH0PAT0
RW R
00000000 MATCH0PAT(7:0)
Pattern Match Unit 0,
Pattern
214
MATCH0LEN
RW R
0––00000 MATCH0
RAW
–
–
MATCH0LEN
Pattern Match Unit 0,
Pattern Length
215
MATCH0MIN
RW R
–––00000 –
–
–
MATCH0MIN
Pattern Match Unit 0,
Minimum Match
216
MATCH0MAX
RW R
–––11111
–
–
MATCH0MAX
Pattern Match Unit 0,
Maximum Match
218
MATCH1PAT1
RW R
00000000 MATCH1PAT(15:8)
Pattern Match Unit 1,
Pattern
219
MATCH1PAT0
RW R
00000000 MATCH1PAT(7:0)
Pattern Match Unit 1,
Pattern
21C
MATCH1LEN
RW R
0–––0000 MATCH1
RAW
–
–
–
MATCH1LEN
Pattern Match Unit 1,
Pattern Length
21D
MATCH1MIN
RW R
––––0000 –
–
–
–
MATCH1MIN
Pattern Match Unit 1,
Minimum Match
21E
MATCH1MAX
RW R
––––1111
–
–
–
–
MATCH1MAX
Pattern Match Unit 1,
Maximum Match
–
Packet Controller
220
TMGTXBOOST
RW R
00110010
TMGTXBOOSTE
TMGTXBOOSTM
Transmit PLL Boost
Time
221
TMGTXSETTLE
RW R
00001010 TMGTXSETTLEE
TMGTXSETTLEM
Transmit PLL (post
Boost) Settling Time
223
TMGRXBOOST
RW R
00110010
TMGRXBOOSTE
TMGRXBOOSTM
Receive PLL Boost
Time
224
TMGRXSETTLE RW R
00010100 TMGRXSETTLEE
TMGRXSETTLEM
Receive PLL (post
Boost) Settling Time
225
TMGRXOFFSA
CQ
RW R
01110011
TMGRXOFFSACQE
TMGRXOFFSACQM
Receive Baseband DC
Offset Acquisition Time
226
TMGRXCOARS
EAGC
RW R
00111001
TMGRXCOARSEAGCE
TMGRXCOARSEAGCM
Receive Coarse AGC
Time
www.onsemi.com
32
AX5043
Table 28. CONTROL REGISTER MAP
Bit
Add
Name
Dir Ret
7
Reset
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Description
227
TMGRXAGC
RW R
00000000 TMGRXAGCE
TMGRXAGCM
Receiver AGC Settling
Time
228
TMGRXRSSI
RW R
00000000 TMGRXRSSIE
TMGRXRSSIM
Receiver RSSI Settling
Time
229
TMGRXPREAM
BLE1
RW R
00000000 TMGRXPREAMBLE1E
TMGRXPREAMBLE1M
Receiver Preamble 1
Timeout
22A
TMGRXPREAM
BLE2
RW R
00000000 TMGRXPREAMBLE2E
TMGRXPREAMBLE2M
Receiver Preamble 2
Timeout
22B
TMGRXPREAM
BLE3
RW R
00000000 TMGRXPREAMBLE3E
TMGRXPREAMBLE3M
Receiver Preamble 3
Timeout
22C
RSSIREFEREN
CE
RW R
00000000 RSSIREFERENCE
RSSI Offset
22D
RSSIABSTHR
RW R
00000000 RSSIABSTHR
RSSI Absolute
Threshold
22E
BGNDRSSIGAI
N
RW R
––––0000 –
–
–
22F
BGNDRSSITHR
RW R
––000000 –
–
BGNDRSSITHR
230
PKTCHUNKSIZ
E
RW R
––––0000 –
–
–
–
PKTCHUNKSIZE(3:0)
231
PKTMISCFLAG
S
RW R
–––00000 –
–
–
WOR
MULTI
PKT
AGC SETTL BGND
DET
RSSI
RXAGC
CLK
RXRSSI
CLK
Packet Controller
Miscellaneous Flags
232
PKTSTOREFLA
GS
RW R
–0000000 –
ST ANT
RSSI
ST CRCB
ST RSSI
ST DR
ST
RFOFFS
ST FOFFS
ST
TIMER
Packet Controller Store
Flags
233
PKTACCEPTFL
AGS
RW R
––000000 –
–
ACCPT
LRGP
ACCPT
SZF
ACCPT
ADDRF
ACCPT
CRCF
ACCPT
ABRT
ACCPT
RESIDUE
Packet Controller
Accept Flags
–
0
0
0
GPADC13
CONT
CH ISOL
General Purpose ADC
Control
–
BGNDRSSIGAIN
Background RSSI
Averaging Time
Constant
Background RSSI
Relative Threshold
Packet Chunk Size
Special Functions
General Purpose ADC
300
GPADCCTRL
RW R
––000000 BUSY
301
GPADCPERIOD
RW R
00111111
308
GPADC13VALU
E1
R
–––––––– –
309
GPADC13VALU
E0
R
–––––––– GPADC13VALUE(7:0)
GPADCPERIOD(7:0)
GPADC Sampling
Period
–
–
–
–
–
GPADC13VALUE(9:8)
GPADC13 Value
GPADC13 Value
Low Power Oscillator Calibration
310
LPOSCCONFIG
RW
00000000 LPOSC
OSC
INVERT
LPOSC
OSC
DOUBLE
LPOSC
CALIBR
LPOSC
CALIBF
LPOSC
IRQR
LPOSC
IRQF
LPOSC
FAST
LPOSC
ENA
Low Power Oscillator
Configuration
31
LPOSCSTATUS
R
–––––––– –
–
–
–
–
–
LPOSC
IRQ
LPOSC
EDGE
Low Power Oscillator
Status
312
LPOSCKFILT1
RW
00100000 LPOSCKFILT(15:8)
Low Power Oscillator
Calibration Filter
Constant
313
LPOSCKFILT0
RW
11000100
LPOSCKFILT(7:0)
Low Power Oscillator
Calibration Filter
Constant
314
LPOSCREF1
RW
01100001
LPOSCREF(15:8)
Low Power Oscillator
Calibration Reference
315
LPOSCREF0
RW
10101000 LPOSCREF(7:0)
Low Power Oscillator
Calibration Reference
316
LPOSCFREQ1
RW
00000000 LPOSCFREQ(9:2)
Low Power Oscillator
Calibration Frequency
317
LPOSCFREQ0
RW
0000–––– LPOSCFREQ(1:−2)
318
LPOSCPER1
RW
–––––––– LPOSCPER(15:8)
Low Power Oscillator
Calibration Period
319
LPOSCPER0
RW
–––––––– LPOSCPER(7:0)
Low Power Oscillator
Calibration Period
330
DACVALUE1
RW R
––––0000 –
331
DACVALUE2
RW R
00000000 DACVALUE(7:0)
332
DACCONFIG
RW R
00––0000 DAC DAC CLK X2
PW
M
–
–
–
–
Low Power Oscillator
Calibration Frequency
DAC
–
–
–
DACVALUE(11:8)
–
–
DACINPUT(3:0)
DAC Value
DAC Value
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33
DAC Configuration
AX5043
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Typical Application Diagrams
Match to 50 W for Differential Antenna Pins
(868 / 915 / 433 / 169 MHz RX / TX Operation)
LC1
CF
CC1
CM1
IC antenna
pins
CT1
LT1
CT2
LT 2
LB1
50 W single−ended
equipment or antenna
LF
CA
CA
CB2
CC2
LC2
CM2
LB2
Optional filter stage
to suppress TX
harmonics
Figure 10. Structure of the Differential Antenna Interface for TX/RX Operation to 50 W Single−ended Equipment or
Antenna
Table 29. TYPICAL COMPONENT VALUES
Frequency Band
LC1,2
[nH]
CC1,2
[pF]
CT1,2
[pF]
LT1,2
[nH]
CM1
[pF]
CM2
[pF]
LB1,2
[nH]
CB2
[pF]
CF
[pF]
optional
LF
[nH]
optional
CA
[pF]
optional
868 / 915 MHz
18
nc
2.7
18
6.2
3.6
12
2.7
nc
0W
nc
433 MHz
100
nc
4.3
43
11
5.6
27
5.1
nc
0W
nc
470 MHz
100
nc
3.9
33
4.7
nc
22
4.7
nc
0W
nc
169 MHz
150
10
10
120
12
nc
68
12
6.8
30
27
www.onsemi.com
34
AX5043
Match to 50 W for Single−ended Antenna Pin
(868 / 915 / 433 MHz TX Operation)
CF1
IC Antenna
Pin
CT
LT
50 W single−ended
equipment or antenna
LF1
CC
LC
CA1
CA2
Figure 11. Structure of the Single−ended Antenna Interface for TX Operation to 50 W Single−ended Equipment or
Antenna
Table 30. TYPICAL COMPONENT VALUES
Frequency Band
LC [nH]
CC [pF]
CT [pF]
LT [nH]
CF1 [pF]
LF1 [nH]
CA1 [pF]
CA2 [pF]
868 / 915 MHz
18
nc
2.7
18
3.6
2.2
3.6
nc
433 MHz
100
nc
4.3
43
6.8
4.7
5.6
nc
Match to 50 W for Single−ended Antenna Pin
(169 MHz TX Operation)
CF1
IC Antenna
Pin
CT
CF2
LT
LF1
50 W single−ended
equipment or antenna
LF2
CC
LC
CA1
CA3
CA2
Figure 12. Structure of the Single−ended Antenna Interface for TX Operation to 50 W Single−ended Equipment or
Antenna
Table 31. TYPICAL COMPONENT VALUES
Frequency Band
LC
[nH]
CC
[pF]
CT
[pF]
LT
[nH]
CF1
[pF]
LF1
[nH]
CF2
[pF]
LF2
[nH]
CA1
[pF]
CA2
[pF]
CA3
[pF]
169 MHz
150
2.2
22
120
4.7
39
1.8
47
33
47
15
www.onsemi.com
35
AX5043
NC
NC
VDD_IO
GPADC1
GPADC2
CLK16N
CLK16P
Using a Dipole Antenna and the Internal TX/RX Switch
ANTSEL
VDD_ANA
GND
PWRAMP
IRQ
ANTP
NC
AX5043
ANTP1
MOSI
GND
MISO
CLK
SEL
SYSCLK
DCLK
DATA
L1
L2
FILT
VDD_ANA
Microcontroller
ANTN
Figure 13. Typical Application Diagram with Dipole Antenna and Internal TX/RX Switch
www.onsemi.com
36
AX5043
NC
VDD_IO
NC
GPADC1
CLK16N
GPADC2
CLK16P
Using a Single−ended Antenna and the Internal TX/RX Switch
VDD_ANA
ANTSEL
GND
PWRAMP
ANTP
ANTP1
MOSI
GND
MISO
SYSCLK
SEL
DATA
DCLK
L1
CLK
L2
VDD_ANA
Figure 14. Typical Application Diagram with Single−ended Antenna and Internal TX/RX Switch
www.onsemi.com
37
Microcontroller
NC
AX5043
FILT
50 W
IRQ
ANTN
AX5043
NC
NC
VDD_IO
GPADC1
GPADC2
CLK16P
CLK16N
Using an External High−power PA and an External TX/RX Switch
VDD_ANA
ANTSEL
GND
PWRAMP
ANTP
IRQ
50 W
NC
AX5043
ANTP1
MOSI
GND
MISO
DATA
DCLK
L1
PA
L2
FILT
TX/RX switch
SEL
CLK
SYSCLK
VDD_ANA
Microcontroller
ANTN
Figure 15. Typical Application Diagram with Single−ended Antenna, External PA and External Antenna Switch
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38
AX5043
NC
VDD_IO
NC
GPADC1
GPADC2
CLK16P
CLK16N
Using the Single−ended PA
VDD_ANA
ANTSEL
GND
PWRAMP
ANTP
NC
ANTP1
MOSI
GND
MISO
VDD_ANA
SYSCLK
SEL
DCLK
DATA
L1
L2
FILT
CLK
Microcontroller
50 W
IRQ
AX5043
ANTN
Figure 16. Typical Application Diagram with Single−ended Antenna, Single−ended Internal PA,
without RX/TX Switch
NOTE: For details and recommendations on implementing this configuration refer to the AX5043 Application Note:
0 dBm / 8 mA TX and 9.5 mA RX Configuration for the 868 MHz Band.
www.onsemi.com
39
AX5043
Using Two Antenna
NC
VDD_IO
NC
GPADC1
GPADC2
CLK16P
CLK16N
Antenna switch
VDD_ANA
ANTSEL
GND
PWRAMP
ANTP
IRQ
NC
AX5043
ANTP1
MOSI
GND
MISO
SYSCLK
SEL
DCLK
DATA
L1
L2
CLK
FILT
VDD_ANA
Microcontroller
ANTN
Figure 17. Typical Application Diagram with Two Single−ended Antenna and External Antenna Switch
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40
AX5043
NC
NC
VDD_IO
GPADC1
GPADC2
CLK16N
CLK16P
Using an External VCO Inductor
ANTSEL
VDD_ANA
GND
PWRAMP
IRQ
ANTP
NC
AX5043
ANTP1
MOSI
GND
MISO
CLK
SEL
SYSCLK
DCLK
DATA
L1
L2
FILT
VDD_ANA
LVCO
Figure 18. Typical Application Diagram with External VCO Inductor
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41
Microcontroller
ANTN
AX5043
NC
VDD_IO
NC
GPADC1
CLK16N
GPADC2
CLK16P
Using an External VCO
VDD_ANA
ANTSEL
GND
PWRAMP
ANTP
IRQ
NC
AX5043
MOSI
GND
MISO
SEL
SYSCLK
L1
DCLK
L2
OUTP
OUTN
CLK
EN
FILT
VCTRL
VDD_ANA
GPIO (DATA)
ANTP1
VCO
Figure 19. Typical Application Diagram with External VCO
www.onsemi.com
42
Microcontroller
ANTN
AX5043
Using a TCXO
EN_TCXO
C1_TCXO1
100 pF
1 mF
TCXO
NC
NC
VDD_IO
GPADC1
GPADC2
CLK16N
CLK16P
C2_TCXO1
ANTSEL
VDD_ANA
GND
PWRAMP
ANTP
IRQ
NC
AX5043
MOSI
GND
MISO
SEL
SYSCLK
CLK
DCLK
L1
L2
FILT
VDD_ANA
GPIO (DATA)
ANTP1
Note 1: For detailed TCXO network recommendations depending on TCXO output swing
refer to the AX5043 Application Note: Use with a TCXO Reference Clock.
Figure 20. Typical Application Diagram with a TCXO
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43
Microcontroller
ANTN
AX5043
QFN28 PACKAGE INFORMATION
Package Outline QFN28 5 mm x 5 mm
ON
AX5043−1
AWLYYWW
Dimension
Min
A
0.800 0.850 0.900
Typ
NOTES:
1. JEDEC ref MO−220
2. All dimensions are in millimeters
3. Pin 1 is identified by chamfer on corner of exposed die pad
4. Package warp is 0.050 maximum
5. Coplanarity applies to the exposed pad as well as the terminal
6. AWLYYWW is the packaging lot code
7. RoHS
Figure 21. Package Outline QFN28 5 mm x 5 mm
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44
Max
Units
mm
AX5043
QFN28 Soldering Profile
Preheat
Reflow
Cooling
tP
TP
Temperature
TL
tL
TsMAX
TsMIN
ts
25°C
T25°C to Peak
Time
Figure 22. QFN40 Soldering Profile
Table 32.
Profile Feature
Pb−Free Process
Average Ramp−Up Rate
3°C/s max.
Preheat Preheat
Temperature Min
TsMIN
150°C
Temperature Max
TsMAX
200°C
Time (TsMIN to TsMAX)
ts
60 – 180 sec
Time 25°C to Peak Temperature
T25°C to Peak
8 min max.
Liquidus Temperature
TL
217°C
Time over Liquidus Temperature
tL
60 – 150 s
Peak Temperature
tp
260°C
Time within 5°C of actual Peak Temperature
Tp
20 – 40 s
Reflow Phase
Cooling Phase
Ramp−down rate
6°C/s max.
1. All temperatures refer to the top side of the package, measured on the the package body surface.
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45
AX5043
QFN28 Recommended Pad Layout
1. PCB land and solder masking recommendations
are shown in Figure 23.
A = Clearance from PCB thermal pad to solder mask opening, 0.0635 mm minimum
B = Clearance from edge of PCB thermal pad to PCB land, 0.2 mm minimum
C = Clearance from PCB land edge to solder mask opening to be as tight as possible
to ensure that some solder mask remains between PCB pads.
D = PCB land length = QFN solder pad length + 0.1 mm
E = PCB land width = QFN solder pad width + 0.1 mm
Figure 23. PCB Land and Solder Mask Recommendations
3. For the PCB thermal pad, solder paste should be
printed on the PCB by designing a stencil with an
array of smaller openings that sum to 50% of the
QFN exposed pad area. Solder paste should be
applied through an array of squares (or circles) as
shown in Figure 24.
4. The aperture opening for the signal pads should be
between 50−80% of the QFN pad area as shown in
Figure 25.
5. Optionally, for better solder paste release, the
aperture walls should be trapezoidal and the
corners rounded.
6. The fine pitch of the IC leads requires accurate
alignment of the stencil and the printed circuit
board. The stencil and printed circuit assembly
should be aligned to within + 1 mil prior to
application of the solder paste.
7. No−clean flux is recommended since flux from
underneath the thermal pad will be difficult to
clean if water−soluble flux is used.
2. Thermal vias should be used on the PCB thermal
pad (middle ground pad) to improve thermal
conductivity from the device to a copper ground
plane area on the reverse side of the printed circuit
board. The number of vias depends on the package
thermal requirements, as determined by thermal
simulation or actual testing.
3. Increasing the number of vias through the printed
circuit board will improve the thermal
conductivity to the reverse side ground plane and
external heat sink. In general, adding more metal
through the PC board under the IC will improve
operational heat transfer, but will require careful
attention to uniform heating of the board during
assembly.
Assembly Process
Stencil Design & Solder Paste Application
1. Stainless steel stencils are recommended for solder
paste application.
2. A stencil thickness of 0.125 – 0.150 mm
(5 – 6 mils) is recommended for screening.
Figure 24. Solder Paste Application on Exposed Pad
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46
AX5043
Minimum 50% coverage
62% coverage
Maximum 80% coverage
Figure 25. Solder Paste Application on Pins
Life Support Applications
This product is not designed for use in life support
appliances, devices, or in systems where malfunction of this
product can reasonably be expected to result in personal
injury. AXSEM customers using or selling this product for
use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to
fully indemnify AXSEM for any damages resulting from
such improper use or sale.
ON Semiconductor and the
are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC) or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries.
SCILLC owns the rights to a number of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property. A listing of SCILLC’s product/patent coverage may be accessed
at www.onsemi.com/site/pdf/Patent−Marking.pdf. SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation
or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and
specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets
and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each
customer application by customer’s technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. SCILLC products are not designed, intended,
or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which
the failure of the SCILLC product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use SCILLC products for any such unintended or
unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold SCILLC and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and
expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim
alleges that SCILLC was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. SCILLC is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. This literature is subject to all applicable
copyright laws and is not for resale in any manner.
PUBLICATION ORDERING INFORMATION
LITERATURE FULFILLMENT:
Literature Distribution Center for ON Semiconductor
19521 E. 32nd Pkwy, Aurora, Colorado 80011 USA
Phone: 303−675−2175 or 800−344−3860 Toll Free USA/Canada
Fax: 303−675−2176 or 800−344−3867 Toll Free USA/Canada
Email: [email protected]
N. American Technical Support: 800−282−9855 Toll Free
USA/Canada
Europe, Middle East and Africa Technical Support:
Phone: 421 33 790 2910
Japan Customer Focus Center
Phone: 81−3−5817−1050
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47
ON Semiconductor Website: www.onsemi.com
Order Literature: http://www.onsemi.com/orderlit
For additional information, please contact your local
Sales Representative
AX5043/D
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