Renesas ISL62883B Multiphase pwm regulator for imvp-6.5â ¢ mobile cpus Datasheet

DATASHEET
ISL62883, ISL62883B
FN6891
Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
Multiphase PWM Regulator for IMVP-6.5™ Mobile CPUs
The ISL62883 is a multiphase PWM buck regulator for
miroprocessor core power supply. The multiphase buck converter
uses interleaved phase to reduce the total output voltage ripple
with each phase carrying a portion of the total load current,
providing better system performance, superior thermal
management, lower component cost, reduced power dissipation,
and smaller implementation area. The ISL62883 uses two
integrated gate drivers and an external gate driver to provide a
complete solution. The PWM modulator is based on Intersil's
Robust Ripple Regulator (R3) technology™. Compared with
traditional modulators, the R3™ modulator commands variable
switching frequency during load transients, achieving faster
transient response. With the same modulator, the switching
frequency is reduced at light load, increasing the regulator
efficiency.
The ISL62883 is fully compliant with IMVP-6.5™ specifications. It
responds to PSI# and DPRSLPVR signals by adding or dropping
PWM3 and Phase-2 respectively, adjusting overcurrent protection
threshold accordingly, and entering/exiting diode emulation
mode. It reports the regulator output current through the IMON
pin. It senses the current by using either a discrete resistor or
inductor DCR whose variation over temperature can be
thermally compensated by a single NTC thermistor. It uses
differential remote voltage sensing to accurately regulate the
processor die voltage. The adaptive body diode conduction
time reduction function minimizes the body diode conduction
loss in diode emulation mode. User-selectable overshoot
reduction function offers an option to aggressively reduce the
output capacitors as well as the option to disable it for users
concerned about increased system thermal stress. In 2-Phase
configuration, the ISL62883 offers the FB2 function to
optimize 1-Phase performance.
The ISL62883B has the same functions as the ISL62883, but
comes in a different package.
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
Features
• Precision Multiphase Core Voltage Regulation
- 0.5% System Accuracy Over-Temperature
- Enhanced Load Line Accuracy
• Microprocessor Voltage Identification Input
- 7-Bit VID Input, 0.300V to 1.500V in 12.5mV Steps
- Supports VID Changes On-The-Fly
• Supports Multiple Current Sensing Methods
- Lossless Inductor DCR Current Sensing
- Precision Resistor Current Sensing
• Supports PSI# and DPRSLPVR modes
• Superior Noise Immunity and Transient Response
• Current Monitor and Thermal Monitor
• Differential Remote Voltage Sensing
• High Efficiency Across Entire Load Range
• Programmable 1-, 2- or 3-Phase Operation
• Two Integrated Gate Drivers
• Excellent Dynamic Current Balance Between Phases
• FB2 Function in 2-Phase Configuration to Optimize 1-Phase
Performance
• Adaptive Body Diode Conduction Time Reduction
• User-selectable Overshoot Reduction Function
• Small Footprint 40 Ld 5x5 or 48 Ld 6x6 TQFN Package
• Pb-Free (RoHS Compliant)
Applications
• Notebook Computers
Page 1 of 37
ISL62883, ISL62883B
Ordering Information
PART NUMBER
(Notes 1, 2, 3)
PART
MARKING
TEMP. RANGE
(°C)
PACKAGE
(Pb-Free)
PKG.
DWG. #
ISL62883HRTZ
62883 HRTZ
-10 to +100
40 Ld 5x5 TQFN
L40.5x5
ISL62883IRTZ
62883 IRTZ
-40 to +100
40 Ld 5x5 TQFN
L40.5x5
ISL62883BHRTZ
62883 BHRTZ
-10 to +100
48 Ld 6x6 TQFN
L48.6x6
NOTES:
1. Add “-T*” suffix for tape and reel. Please refer to TB347 for details on reel specifications.
2. These Intersil Pb-free plastic packaged products employ special Pb-free material sets, molding compounds/die attach materials, and 100% matte
tin plate plus anneal (e3 termination finish, which is RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations). Intersil Pbfree products are MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.
3. For Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL), please see device information page for ISL62883, ISL62883B. For more information on MSL please see techbrief
TB363.
Pin Configurations
24 PWM3
8
23 LGATE1
9
22 VSSP1
21 PHASE1
ISEN2 10
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
BOOT1
UGATE1
VIN
IMON
VDD
ISUM-
ISUM+
RTN
VSEN
ISEN1
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
VW
NC
VID0
VID1
VID3
VID4
VID5
VID6
CLK_EN#
VID2
31 NC
(BOTTOM)
30 VCCP
8
29 PWM3
28 LGATE1
COMP 9
FB 10
27 VSSP1
ISEN3/FB2 11
26 PHASE1
NC 12
25 UGATE1
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
NC
SEN3/FB2
GND 7
BOOT1
FB
25 VCCP
32 LGATE2
IMON
COMP 7
NTC 6
NC
6
26 LGATE2
VIN
VW
GND PAD
(BOTTOM)
33 VSSP2
VR_TT# 5
VDD
NTC 5
34 PHASE2
ISUM+
27 VSSP2
PSI# 3
RBIAS 4
RTN
28 PHASE2
ISUM-
RBIAS 3
PGOOD 2
36 BOOT2
35 UGATE2
VSEN
29 UGATE2
VR_TT# 4
DPRSLPVR
NC
PSI# 2
NC 1
ISEN1
30 BOOT2
ISEN2
VID1
VID2
VID4
VID3
VID6
VID5
VR_ON
DPRSLPVR
CLK_EN#
VID0
48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37
40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31
PGOOD 1
VR_ON
ISL62883B
(48 LD TQFN)
TOP VIEW
ISL62883
(40 LD TQFN)
TOP VIEW
Page 2 of 37
ISL62883, ISL62883B
Pin Function Descriptions
RTN
GND
Remote voltage sensing return. Connect to ground at
microprocessor die.
Signal common of the IC. Unless otherwise stated, signals are
referenced to the GND pin.
ISUM- and ISUM+
PGOOD
Droop current sense input.
Power-Good open-drain output indicating when the regulator is
able to supply regulated voltage. Pull-up externally with a 680
resistor to VCCP or 1.9k to 3.3V.
VDD
PSI#
Low load current indicator input. When asserted low, indicates a
reduced load-current condition. For ISL62883, when PSI# is
asserted low, PWM3 will be disabled.
RBIAS
5V bias power.
VIN
Battery supply voltage, used for feed-forward.
IMON
An analog output. IMON outputs a current proportional to the
regulator output current.
147k resistor to GND sets internal current reference.
BOOT1
VR_TT#
Connect an MLCC capacitor across the BOOT1 and the PHASE1
pins. The boot capacitor is charged through an internal boot
diode connected from the VCCP pin to the BOOT1 pin, each time
the PHASE1 pin drops below VCCP minus the voltage dropped
across the internal boot diode.
Thermal overload output indicator.
NTC
Thermistor input to VR_TT# circuit.
VW
A resistor from this pin to COMP programs the switching
frequency (8k gives approximately 300kHz).
COMP
This pin is the output of the error amplifier. Also, a resistor across
this pin and GND adjusts the overcurrent threshold.
FB
This pin is the inverting input of the error amplifier.
ISEN3/FB2
When the ISL62883 is configured in 3-phase mode, this pin is
ISEN3. ISEN3 is the individual current sensing for phase 3. When
the ISL62883 is configured in 2-phase mode, this pin is FB2.
There is a switch between the FB2 pin and the FB pin. The switch
is on in 2-phase mode and is off in 1-phase mode. The
components connecting to FB2 are used to adjust the
compensation in 1-phase mode to achieve optimum
performance.
ISEN2
Individual current sensing for Phase-2. When ISEN2 is pulled to
5V VDD, the controller will disable Phase-2 and allow other
phases to operate.
UGATE1
Output of the Phase-1 high-side MOSFET gate driver. Connect the
UGATE1 pin to the gate of the Phase-1 high-side MOSFET.
PHASE1
Current return path for the Phase-1 high-side MOSFET gate driver.
Connect the PHASE1 pin to the node consisting of the high-side
MOSFET source, the low-side MOSFET drain, and the output
inductor of Phase-1.
VSSP1
Current return path for the Phase-1 low-side MOSFET gate driver.
Connect the VSSP1 pin to the source of the Phase-1 low-side
MOSFET through a low impedance path, preferably in parallel
with the trace connecting the LGATE1 pin to the gate of the
Phase-1 low-side MOSFET.
LGATE1
Output of the Phase-1 low-side MOSFET gate driver. Connect the
LGATE1 pin to the gate of the Phase-1 low-side MOSFET.
PWM3
PWM output for Channel 3. When PWM3 is pulled to 5V VDD, the
controller will disable Phase-3 and allow other phases to operate.
VCCP
Individual current sensing for Phase-1.
Input voltage bias for the internal gate drivers. Connect +5V to
the VCCP pin. Decouple with at least 1µF of an MLCC capacitor to
VSSP1 and VSSP2 pins respectively.
VSEN
LGATE2
Remote core voltage sense input. Connect to microprocessor die.
Output of the Phase-2 low-side MOSFET gate driver. Connect the
LGATE2 pin to the gate of the Phase-2 low-side MOSFET.
ISEN1
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
Page 3 of 37
ISL62883, ISL62883B
VSSP2
VID0, VID1, VID2, VID3, VID4, VID5, VID6
Current return path for the Phase-2 converter low-side MOSFET
gate driver. Connect the VSSP2 pin to the source of the Phase-2
low-side MOSFET through a low impedance path, preferably in
parallel with the trace connecting the LGATE2 pin to the gate of
the Phase-2 low-side MOSFET.
VID input with VID0 = LSB and VID6 = MSB.
PHASE2
DPRSLPVR
Current return path for the Phase-2 high-side MOSFET gate driver.
Connect the PHASE2 pin to the node consisting of the high-side
MOSFET source, the low-side MOSFET drain, and the output
inductor of Phase-2.
Deeper sleep enable signal. A high level logic signal on this pin
indicates that the microprocessor is in deeper sleep mode.
UGATE2
Open drain output to enable system PLL clock. It goes low 13
switching cycles after Vcore is within 10% of Vboot.
Output of the Phase-2 high-side MOSFET gate driver. Connect the
UGATE2 pin to the gate of the Phase-2 high-side MOSFET.
VR_ON
Voltage regulator enable input. A high level logic signal on this
pin enables the regulator.
CLK_EN#
NC
BOOT2
No Connect.
Connect an MLCC capacitor across the BOOT2 and the PHASE2
pins. The boot capacitor is charged through an internal boot
diode connected from the VCCP pin to the BOOT2 pin, each time
the PHASE2 pin drops below VCCP minus the voltage dropped
across the internal boot diode.
BOTTOM (on ISL62883B)
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
The bottom pad of ISL62883B is electrically connected to the
GND pin inside the IC.
Page 4 of 37
ISL62883, ISL62883B
Block Diagram
VDD
VIN VSEN ISEN1 ISEN3 ISEN2 PGOOD CLK_EN#
6µA 54µA 1.20V
VR_ON
PGOOD &
CLK_EN#
LOGIC
CURRENT
BALANCE
DPRSLPVR
NTC
IBAL
PROTECTION
BOOT2
FLT
VID0
IBAL VIN VDAC
VID1
VID3
WOC OC
VIN
DAC
AND
SOFT
START
MODULATOR
CLOCK
COMP
VDAC
COMP
VID4
VW
COMP
VID5
IBAL VIN VDAC
VID6
MODULATOR

RTN
COMP
MODULATOR
IDROOP
WOC
IMON
ISUM+
ISUM-
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
2.5X
CURRENT
SENSE
UGATE2
PHASE2
SHOOT THROUGH
PROTECTION
LGATE2
DRIVER
VSSP2
PWM3
BOOT1
IBAL VIN VDAC
IMON
DRIVER
COMP
E/A
FB
VW
PWM CONTROL LOGIC
RBIAS
VID2
VR_TT#
1.24V
COMP
CURRENT
COMPARATORS
NUMBER OF
OC
PHASES
GAIN
SELECT
60UA
PWM CONTROL LOGIC
PSI#
MODE
CONTROL
DRIVER
UGATE1
PHASE1
SHOOT THROUGH
PROTECTION
VCCP
DRIVER
LGATE1
VSSP1

ADJ. OCP
THRESHOLD
COMP
GND
Page 5 of 37
ISL62883, ISL62883B
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Thermal Information
Supply Voltage, VDD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +7V
Battery Voltage, VIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +28V
Boot Voltage (BOOT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +33V
Boot to Phase Voltage (BOOT-PHASE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +7V(DC)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +9V(<10ns)
Phase Voltage (PHASE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -7V (<20ns Pulse Width, 10µJ)
UGATE Voltage (UGATE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PHASE - 0.3V (DC) to BOOT
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PHASE-5V (<20ns Pulse Width, 10µJ) to BOOT
LGATE Voltage (LGATE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V (DC) to VDD + 0.3V
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2.5V (<20ns Pulse Width, 5µJ) to VDD + 0.3V
All Other Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to (VDD +0.3V)
Open Drain Outputs, PGOOD, VR_TT#,
CLK_EN# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +7V
Thermal Resistance (Typical)
JA (°C/W) JC (°C/W)
40 Ld TQFN Package (Notes 4, 5) . . . . . . .
32
3
48 Ld TQFN Package (Notes 4, 5) . . . . . . .
29
2
Maximum Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .+150°C
Maximum Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-65°C to +150°C
Pb-Free Reflow Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see link below
http://www.intersil.com/pbfree/Pb-FreeReflow.asp
Recommended Operating Conditions
Supply Voltage, VDD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +5V ±5%
Battery Voltage, VIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +4.5V to 25V
Ambient Temperature
ISL62883HRTZ, ISL62883BHRTZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-10°C to +100°C
ISL62883IRTZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to +100°C
Junction Temperature
ISL62883HRTZ, ISL62883BHRTZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-10°C to +125°C
ISL62883IRTZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to +125°C
CAUTION: Do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. Exposure to such conditions may adversely impact product
reliability and result in failures not covered by warranty.
NOTES:
4. JA is measured in free air with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board with “direct attach” features. See Tech
Brief TB379.
5. For JC, the “case temp” location is the center of the exposed metal pad on the package underside.
Electrical Specifications
Operating Conditions: VDD = 5V, TA = -40°C to +100°C, fSW = 300kHz, unless otherwise noted. Boldface
limits apply over the operating temperature range, -40°C to +100°C.
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
(Note 6)
TYP
MAX
(Note 6) UNITS
INPUT POWER SUPPLY
+5V Supply Current
IVDD
VR_ON = 1V
4
4.6
mA
VR_ON = 0V
1
µA
1
µA
Battery Supply Current
IVIN
VR_ON = 0V
VIN Input Resistance
RVIN
VR_ON = 1V
900
Power-On-Reset Threshold
PORr
VDD rising
4.35
PORf
VDD falling
4.00
k
4.5
V
4.15
V
SYSTEM AND REFERENCES
System Accuracy
HRTZ
No load; closed loop, active mode range
%Error (VCC_CORE) VID = 0.75V to 1.50V
-0.5
+0.5
%
VID = 0.5V to 0.7375V
-8
+8
mV
VID = 0.3V to 0.4875V
-15
+15
mV
-0.8
+0.8
%
-10
+10
mV
-18
+18
mV
IRTZ
No load; closed loop, active mode range
%Error (VCC_CORE) VID = 0.75V to 1.50V
VID = 0.5V to 0.7375V
VID = 0.3V to 0.4875V
VBOOT
1.0945 1.100 1.1055
V
Maximum Output Voltage
VCC_CORE(max)
VID = [0000000]
1.500
V
Minimum Output Voltage
VCC_CORE(min)
VID = [1100000]
0.300
V
RBIAS Voltage
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
RBIAS = 147k
1.45
1.47
1.49
Page 6 of 37
V
ISL62883, ISL62883B
Electrical Specifications
Operating Conditions: VDD = 5V, TA = -40°C to +100°C, fSW = 300kHz, unless otherwise noted. Boldface
limits apply over the operating temperature range, -40°C to +100°C. (Continued)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
(Note 6)
TYP
285
300
MAX
(Note 6) UNITS
CHANNEL FREQUENCY
Nominal Channel Frequency
fSW(nom)
Rfset = 7k, 3 channel operation, VCOMP = 1V
Adjustment Range
315
kHz
200
500
kHz
-0.15
+0.15
mV
AMPLIFIERS
Current-Sense Amplifier Input Offset
Error Amp DC Gain
Error Amp Gain-Bandwidth Product
IFB = 0A
Av0
GBW
CL= 20pF
90
dB
18
MHz
ISEN
Imbalance Voltage
Maximum of ISENs - Minimum of ISENs
1
Input Bias Current
mV
20
nA
POWER GOOD AND PROTECTION MONITORS
PGOOD Low Voltage
VOL
IPGOOD = 4mA
PGOOD Leakage Current
IOH
PGOOD = 3.3V
-1
PGOOD Delay
tpgd
CLK_EN# LOW to PGOOD HIGH
6.3
0.26
0.4
V
1
µA
7.6
8.9
ms
1.5

GATE DRIVER
UGATE Pull-Up Resistance
RUGPU
200mA Source Current
1.0
UGATE Source Current
IUGSRC
UGATE - PHASE = 2.5V
2.0
UGATE Sink Resistance
RUGPD
250mA Sink Current
1.0
UGATE Sink Current
IUGSNK
UGATE - PHASE = 2.5V
2.0
LGATE Pull-Up Resistance
RLGPU
250mA Source Current
1.0
LGATE Source Current
ILGSRC
LGATE - VSSP = 2.5V
2.0
A

1.5
A

1.5
A

LGATE Sink Resistance
RLGPD
250mA Sink Current
0.5
LGATE Sink Current
ILGSNK
LGATE - VSSP = 2.5V
4.0
A
UGATE to LGATE Deadtime
tUGFLGR
UGATE falling to LGATE rising, no load
23
ns
LGATE to UGATE Deadtime
tLGFUGR
LGATE falling to UGATE rising, no load
28
ns
0.9
BOOTSTRAP DIODE
Forward Voltage
VF
PVCC = 5V, IF = 2mA
0.58
V
Reverse Leakage
IR
VR = 25V
0.2
µA
PROTECTION
Overvoltage Threshold
OVH
VSEN rising above setpoint for >1ms
Severe Overvoltage Threshold
OVHS
VSEN rising for >2µs
OC Threshold Offset at Rcomp = Open
Circuit
Current Imbalance Threshold
Undervoltage Threshold
150
195
240
mV
1.525
1.55
1.575
V
3-phase configuration, ISUM- pin current
28.4
30.3
32.2
µA
2-phase configuration, ISUM- pin current
18.3
20.2
22.1
µA
1-phase configuration, ISUM- pin current
8.2
10.1
12.0
µA
One ISEN above another ISEN for >1.2ms
UVf
VSEN falling below setpoint for >1.2ms
9
-355
-295
mV
-235
mV
0.3
V
LOGIC THRESHOLDS
VR_ON Input Low
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
VIL(1.0V)
Page 7 of 37
ISL62883, ISL62883B
Electrical Specifications
Operating Conditions: VDD = 5V, TA = -40°C to +100°C, fSW = 300kHz, unless otherwise noted. Boldface
limits apply over the operating temperature range, -40°C to +100°C. (Continued)
PARAMETER
VR_ON Input High
SYMBOL
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
(Note 6)
TYP
MAX
(Note 6) UNITS
HRTZ
VIH(1.0V)
0.7
V
IRTZ
VIH(1.0V)
0.75
V
VID0-VID6, PSI#, and DPRSLPVR Input
Low
VIL(1.0V)
VID0-VID6, PSI#, and DPRSLPVR Input
High
VIH(1.0V)
0.3
V
0.7
V
PWM
PWM3 Output Low
VOL(5.0V)
Sinking 5mA
PWM3 Output High
VOH(5.0V)
Sourcing 5mA
PWM Tri-State Leakage
1.0
V
3.5
PWM = 2.5V
V
2
µA
THERMAL MONITOR
NTC Source Current
NTC = 1.3V
Over-Temperature Threshold
V (NTC) falling
53
60
67
µA
1.18
1.2
1.22
V
RTT
I = 20mA
6.5
9

CLK_EN# Low Output Voltage
VOL
I = 4mA
0.26
0.4
V
CLK_EN# Leakage Current
IOH
CLK_EN# = 3.3V
1
µA
VR_TT# Low Output Resistance
CLK_EN# OUTPUT LEVELS
-1
CURRENT MONITOR
IMON Output Current
IMON Clamp Voltage
IIMON
ISUM- pin current = 20A
108
120
132
µA
ISUM- pin current = 10A
51
60
69
µA
ISUM- pin current = 5A
22
30
37.5
µA
1.1
1.15
VIMONCLAMP
Current Sinking Capability
V
275
µA
0
µA
INPUTS
VR_ON Leakage Current
IVR_ON
VR_ON = 0V
-1
VR_ON = 1V
VIDx Leakage Current
IVIDx
VIDx = 0V
0
-1
VIDx = 1V
PSI# Leakage Current
IPSI#
PSI# = 0V
PSI# = 1V
DPRSLPVR Leakage Current
IDPRSLPVR
DPRSLPVR = 0V
DPRSLPVR = 1V
µA
1
µA
0
0.45
-1
µA
0
0.45
-1
1
µA
1
µA
0
0.45
µA
1
µA
6.5
mV/µs
SLEW RATE
Slew Rate (For VID Change)
SR
5
NOTE:
6. Parameters with MIN and/or MAX limits are 100% tested at +25°C, unless otherwise specified. Temperature limits established by characterization
and are not production tested.
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
Page 8 of 37
ISL62883, ISL62883B
Gate Driver Timing Diagram
PWM
tLGFUGR
1V
UGATE
1V
LGATE
tFL
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
tFU
tRU
tRL
tUGFLGR
Page 9 of 37
ISL62883, ISL62883B
Simplified Application Circuits
V+5
V+5
Vin
V+5
Rbias
RBIAS
Rntc
C
L3
ISL6208
BOOT
PWM LGATE
GND
PWM3
NTC
o
Vin
VCC
UGATE
FCCM
PHASE
VDD VCCP VIN
Rs3
PGOOD
VR_TT#
CLK_EN#
VID<0:6>
PSI#
DPRSLPVR
VR_ON
PGOOD
VR_TT#
CLK_EN#
VIDs
PSI#
DPRSLPVR
VR_ON
VW
ISEN3
BOOT2
Cs3
UGATE2
L2
PHASE2
LGATE2
VSSP2
Rs2
ISEN2
ISL62883 BOOT1
Rfset
Vo
Cs2
UGATE1
L1
PHASE1
COMP
LGATE1
VSSP1
FB
Rs1
ISEN1
Rdroop
VSEN
Cs1
Rsum3
ISUM+
Rsum2
VCCSENSE
VSSSENSE
Rn
Ris
RTN
Cn
Rimon
o
C
Rsum1
Cis
Ri
IMON
IMON
(Bottom Pad)
VSS
ISUM-
FIGURE 1. TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT USING DCR SENSING
V+5
V+5
Vin
V+5
Rbias
RBIAS
Rsen3
L2
Rsen2
L1
Rsen1
BOOT
PWM LGATE
GND
PWM3
NTC
C
L3
ISL6208
Rntc
o
Vin
VCC
UGATE
FCCM
PHASE
VDD VCCP VIN
Rs3
PGOOD
VR_TT#
CLK_EN#
VIDs
PSI#
DPRSLPVR
VR_ON
VW
PGOOD
VR_TT#
CLK_EN#
VID<0:6>
PSI#
DPRSLPVR
VR_ON
ISEN3
BOOT2
Cs3
UGATE2
PHASE2
LGATE2
VSSP2
Rs2
ISEN2
ISL62883 BOOT1
Rfset
Vo
Cs2
UGATE1
PHASE1
COMP
FB
LGATE1
VSSP1
Rs1
ISEN1
Rdroop
Cs2
VSEN
Rsum3
ISUM+
Rsum2
VCCSENSE
VSSSENSE
Ris
RTN
Cn
Rimon
Rsum1
Cis
Ri
IMON
IMON
(Bottom Pad)
VSS
ISUM-
FIGURE 2. TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT USING RESISTOR SENSING
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
Page 10 of 37
ISL62883, ISL62883B
Theory of Operation
VW
Multiphase R3 Modulator
MASTER CLOCK CIRCUIT
MASTER
CLOCK
COMP
Phase
Vcrm
Sequencer
VW
MASTER
CLOCK
gmVo
COMP
Clock1
Clock2
Clock3
Vcrm
Crm
Master
Clock
SLAVE CIRCUIT 1
Clock1
VW
S
R
Q
PWM1 Phase1
L1
IL1
Vcrs1
Clock1
Vo
PWM1
Co
Clock2
PWM2
gm
Crs1
Clock3
SLAVE CIRCUIT 2
Clock2
VW
S
R
Q
PWM2 Phase2
L2
PWM3
VW
IL2
Vcrs2
gm
Crs2
SLAVE CIRCUIT 3
Clock3
VW
S
R
Q
PWM3 Phase3
L3
IL3
Vcrs3
Vcrs1
Vcrs3
Vcrs2
FIGURE 5. R3™ MODULATOROPERATION PRINCIPLES IN LOAD
INSERTION RESPONSE
gm
Crs3
FIGURE 3. R3™ MODULATORCIRCUIT
VW
Hysteretic
W indow
Vcrm
The ISL62883 is a multiphase regulator, which implements Intel™
IMVP-6.5™ protocol. It can be programmed for 1-, 2- or 3-phase
operation for microprocessor core applications. It uses Intersil
patented R3™ (Robust Ripple Regulator™) modulator. The R3™
modulator combines the best features of fixed frequency PWM
and hysteretic PWM while eliminating many of their shortcomings.
Figure 3 conceptually shows the ISL62883 multiphase R3™
modulator circuit, and Figure 4 shows the operation principles.
A current source flows from the VW pin to the COMP pin, creating
a voltage window set by the resistor between the two pins. This
voltage window is called VW window in the following discussion.
COMP
Master
Clock
Inside the IC, the modulator uses the master clock circuit to
generate the clocks for the slave circuits. The modulator
discharges the ripple capacitor Crm with a current source equal
to gmVo, where gm is a gain factor. Crm voltage Vcrm is a
sawtooth waveform traversing between the VW and COMP
voltages. It resets to VW when it hits COMP, and generates a oneshot master clock signal. A phase sequencer distributes the
master clock signal to the slave circuits. If the ISL62883 is in
3-phase mode, the master clock signal will be distributed to the
three phases, and the Clock1~3 signals will be 120° out-ofphase. If the ISL62883 is in 2-phase mode, the master clock
signal will be distributed to Phases 1 and 2, and the Clock1 and
Clock2 signals will be 180° out-of-phase. If the ISL62883 is in
1-phase mode, the master clock signal will be distributed to
Phases 1 only and be the Clock1 signal.
Clock1
PW M1
Clock2
PW M2
Clock3
PW M3
VW
Vcrs2 Vcrs3
Vcrs1
FIGURE 4. R3™ MODULATOR OPERATION PRINCIPLES IN
STEADY STATE
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
Each slave circuit has its own ripple capacitor Crs, whose voltage
mimics the inductor ripple current. A gm amplifier converts the
inductor voltage into a current source to charge and discharge
Crs. The slave circuit turns on its PWM pulse upon receiving the
clock signal, and the current source charges Crs. When Crs
Page 11 of 37
ISL62883, ISL62883B
voltage VCrs hits VW, the slave circuit turns off the PWM pulse,
and the current source discharges Crs.
CCM/DCM BOUNDARY
VW
Since the ISL62883 works with Vcrs, which are large-amplitude
and noise-free synthesized signals, the ISL62883 achieves lower
phase jitter than conventional hysteretic mode and fixed PWM
mode controllers. Unlike conventional hysteretic mode
converters, the ISL62883 has an error amplifier that allows the
controller to maintain a 0.5% output voltage accuracy.
Vcrs
Figure 5 shows the operation principles during load insertion
response. The COMP voltage rises during load insertion,
generating the master clock signal more quickly, so the PWM
pulses turn on earlier, increasing the effective switching
frequency, which allows for higher control loop bandwidth than
conventional fixed frequency PWM controllers. The VW voltage
rises as the COMP voltage rises, making the PWM pulses wider.
During load release response, the COMP voltage falls. It takes
the master clock circuit longer to generate the next master clock
signal so the PWM pulse is held off until needed. The VW voltage
falls as the VW voltage falls, reducing the current PWM pulse
width. This kind of behavior gives the ISL62883 excellent
response speed.
Vcrs
The fact that all the phases share the same VW window voltage
also ensures excellent dynamic current balance among phases.
Diode Emulation and Period Stretching
Phase
UG ATE
LG ATE
iL
VW
LIGHT DCM
iL
VW
DEEP DCM
Vcrs
iL
FIGURE 7. PERIOD STRETCHING
Figure 7 shows the operation principle in diode emulation mode at
light load. The load gets incrementally lighter in the three cases
from top to bottom. The PWM on-time is determined by the VW
window size, therefore is the same, making the inductor current
triangle the same in the three cases. The ISL62883 clamps the
ripple capacitor voltage Vcrs in DE mode to make it mimic the
inductor current. It takes the COMP voltage longer to hit Vcrs,
naturally stretching the switching period. The inductor current
triangles move further apart from each other such that the
inductor current average value is equal to the load current. The
reduced switching frequency helps increase light load efficiency.
Start-up Timing
IL
FIGURE 6. DIODE EMULATION
ISL62883 can operate in diode emulation (DE) mode to improve
light load efficiency. In DE mode, the low-side MOSFET conducts
when the current is flowing from source to drain and doesn’t not
allow reverse current, emulating a diode. As Figure 6 shows, when
LGATE is on, the low-side MOSFET carries current, creating
negative voltage on the phase node due to the voltage drop across
the ON-resistance. The ISL62883 monitors the current through
monitoring the phase node voltage. It turns off LGATE when the
phase node voltage reaches zero to prevent the inductor current
from reversing the direction and creating unnecessary power loss.
If the load current is light enough, as Figure 6 shows, the inductor
current will reach and stay at zero before the next phase node
pulse, and the regulator is in discontinuous conduction mode
(DCM). If the load current is heavy enough, the inductor current
will never reach 0A, and the regulator is in CCM although the
controller is in DE mode.
With the controller's VDD voltage above the POR threshold, the
start-up sequence begins when VR_ON exceeds the 3.3V logic
high threshold. The ISL62883 uses digital soft start to ramp up
DAC to the boot voltage of 1.1V at about 2.5mV/µs. Once the
output voltage is within 10% of the boot voltage for 13 PWM
cycles (43µs for frequency = 300kHz), CLK_EN# is pulled low and
DAC slews at 5mV/µs to the voltage set by the VID pins. PGOOD
is asserted high in approximately 7ms. Figure 8 shows the typical
start-up timing. Similar results occur if VR_ON is tied to VDD, with
the soft-start sequence starting 120µs after VDD crosses the
POR threshold.
VDD
5mV/µs
VR_ON
2.5mV/µs
90% VBOOT
800µs
DAC
VID
COMMAND
VOLTAGE
13 SWITCHING
CYCLES
CLK_EN#
~7ms
PGOOD
FIGURE 8. SOFT-START WAVEFORMS
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
Page 12 of 37
ISL62883, ISL62883B
Voltage Regulation and Load Line
Implementation
TABLE 1. VID TABLE (Continued)
VID6
VID5
VID4
VID3
VID2
VID1
VID0
VO (V)
After the start sequence, the ISL62883 regulates the output
voltage to the value set by the VID inputs per Table 1. The
ISL62883 will control the no-load output voltage to an accuracy of
±0.5% over the range of 0.75V to 1.5V. A differential amplifier
allows voltage sensing for precise voltage regulation at the
microprocessor die.
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1.0500
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1.0375
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1.0250
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1.0125
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1.0000
TABLE 1. VID TABLE
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0.9875
VID6
VID5
VID4
VID3
VID2
VID1
VID0
VO (V)
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0.9750
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.5000
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0.9625
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1.4875
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0.9500
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1.4750
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0.9375
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1.4625
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0.9250
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1.4500
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0.9125
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1.4375
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0.9000
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1.4250
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0.8875
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1.4125
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0.8750
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1.4000
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0.8625
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1.3875
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0.8500
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1.3750
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0.8375
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1.3625
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0.8250
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1.3500
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0.8125
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1.3375
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0.8000
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1.3250
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0.7875
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1.3125
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
0.7750
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1.3000
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0.7625
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1.2875
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0.7500
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1.2750
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0.7375
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1.2625
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0.7250
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1.2500
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.7125
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1.2375
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.7000
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1.2250
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0.6875
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1.2125
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0.6750
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1.2000
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0.6625
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1.1875
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0.6500
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1.1750
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0.6375
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1.1625
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0.6250
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1.1500
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0.6125
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1.1375
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0.6000
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1.1250
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0.5875
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1.1125
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0.5750
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1.1000
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0.5625
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1.0875
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0.5500
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1.0750
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0.5375
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1.0625
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0.5250
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
Page 13 of 37
ISL62883, ISL62883B
TABLE 1. VID TABLE (Continued)
TABLE 1. VID TABLE (Continued)
VID6
VID5
VID4
VID3
VID2
VID1
VID0
VO (V)
VID6
VID5
VID4
VID3
VID2
VID1
VID0
VO (V)
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0.5125
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0.0000
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.5000
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0.0000
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0.4875
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0.0000
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.4750
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0.0000
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0.4625
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0.0000
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0.4500
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.0000
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0.4375
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0.4250
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0.4125
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0.4000
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0.3875
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0.3750
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0.3625
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0.3500
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
0.3375
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0.3250
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0.3125
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0.3000
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0.2875
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0.2750
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0.2625
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0.2500
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0.2375
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0.2250
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
0.2125
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0.2000
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0.1875
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0.1750
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0.1625
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0.1500
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0.1375
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0.1250
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0.1125
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0.1000
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0.0875
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0.0750
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0.0625
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0.0500
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0.0375
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0.0250
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0.0125
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0.0000
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0.0000
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
RDROOP
VCC SENSE
VDROOP
FB
VR LOCAL
VO
“CATCH”
RESISTOR
IDROOP
E/A
COMP

VIDS
VDAC
VID<0:6>
DAC
RTN
INTERNAL TO IC
X1
VSSSENSE
VSS
“CATCH”
RESISTOR
FIGURE 9. DIFFERENTIAL SENSING AND LOAD LINE
IMPLEMENTATION
As the load current increases from zero, the output voltage will
droop from the VID table value by an amount proportional to the
load current to achieve the load line. The ISL62883 can sense the
inductor current through the intrinsic DC Resistance (DCR)
resistance of the inductors Figure 1 shows on page 10 or through
resistors in series with the inductors as Figure 2 shows also on
page 10. In both methods, capacitor Cn voltage represents the
inductor total currents. A droop amplifier converts Cn voltage into
an internal current source with the gain set by resistor Ri. The
current source is used for load line implementation, current
monitor and overcurrent protection.
Figure 9 shows the load line implementation. The ISL62883
drives a current source Idroop out of the FB pin, described by
Equation 1.
2xV Cn
I droop = ---------------Ri
(EQ. 1)
When using inductor DCR current sensing, a single NTC element
is used to compensate the positive temperature coefficient of the
copper winding thus sustaining the load line accuracy with
reduced cost.
Idroop flows through resistor Rdroop and creates a voltage drop
of:
V droop = R droop  I droop
(EQ. 2)
Vdroop is the droop voltage required to implement load line.
Changing Rdroop or scaling Idroop can both change the load line
slope. Since Idroop also sets the overcurrent protection level, it is
recommended to first scale Idroop based on OCP requirement,
then select an appropriate Rdroop value to obtain the desired
load line slope.
Page 14 of 37
ISL62883, ISL62883B
Differential Sensing
Figure 9 also shows the differential voltage sensing scheme.
VCCSENSE and VSSSENSE are the remote voltage sensing signals
from the processor die. A unity gain differential amplifier senses the
VSSSENSE voltage and add it to the DAC output. The error amplifier
regulates the inverting and the non-inverting input voltages to be
equal as shown in Equation 3:
VCC SENSE + V
droop
(EQ. 3)
= V DAC + VSS SENSE
The ISL62883 will adjust the phase pulse-width relative to the
other phases to make VISEN1 = VISEN2 = VISEN3, thus to achieve
IL1 = IL2 = IL3, when there are Rdcr1 = Rdcr2 = Rdcr3 and
Rpcb1 = Rpcb2 = Rpcb3.
Using same components for L1, L2 and L3 will provide a good
match of Rdcr1, Rdcr2 and Rdcr3. Board layout will determine
Rpcb1, Rpcb2 and Rpcb3. It is recommended to have symmetrical
layout for the power delivery path between each inductor and the
output voltage rail, such that Rpcb1 = Rpcb2 = Rpcb3.
Rewriting Equation 3 and substitution of Equation 2 gives:
VCC SENSE – VSS SENSE = V DAC – R droop  I droop
(EQ. 4)
ISEN3
Equation 4 is the exact equation required for load line
implementation.
Cs
The VCCSENSE and VSSSENSE signals come from the processor
die. The feedback will be open circuit in the absence of the
processor. As shown in Figure 9, it is recommended to add a
“catch” resistor to feed the VR local output voltage back to the
compensator, and add another “catch” resistor to connect the VR
local output ground to the RTN pin. These resistors, typically
10~100, will provide voltage feedback if the system is
powered up without a processor installed.
INTERNAL
TO IC
ISEN2
Cs
Rdcr3
L3
Cs
INTERNAL
TO IC
ISEN2
Cs
ISEN1
Phase1
Rs
Rpcb3
L2
Rdcr2
Rpcb2
Vo
IL2
Rdcr1
L1
Rpcb1
IL1
Cs
FIGURE 10. CURRENT BALANCING CIRCUIT
The ISL62883 monitors individual phase average current by
monitoring the ISEN1, ISEN2, and ISEN3 voltages. Figure 10
shows the current balancing circuit recommended for ISL62883.
Each phase node voltage is averaged by a low-pass filter
consisting of Rs and Cs, and presented to the corresponding ISEN
pin. Rs should be routed to inductor phase-node pad in order to
eliminate the effect of phase node parasitic PCB DCR.
Equations 5 thru 7 give the ISEN pin voltages:
V ISEN1 =  R dcr1 + R pcb1   I L1
(EQ. 5)
V ISEN2 =  R dcr2 + R pcb2   I L2
(EQ. 6)
V ISEN3 =  R dcr3 + R pcb3   I L3
(EQ. 7)
V3n
Rs
V2p
L2
Rdcr2 Rpcb2
IL2
Rs
Vo
V2n
Rs
ISEN1
V1p
Phase1
Rs
Cs
L1
Rs
Rdcr1
IL1
Rpcb1
V1n
Sometimes, it is difficult to implement symmetrical layout. For
the circuit shown in Figure 10, asymmetric layout causes
different Rpcb1, Rpcb2 and Rpcb3 thus current imbalance.
Figure 11 shows a differential-sensing current balancing circuit
recommended for ISL62883. The current sensing traces should
be routed to the inductor pads so they only pick up the inductor
DCR voltage. Each ISEN pin sees the average voltage of three
sources: its own phase inductor phase-node pad, and the other
two phases inductor output side pads. Equations 8 thru 10 give
the ISEN pin voltages:
V ISEN1 = V 1p + V 2n + V 3n
(EQ. 8)
V ISEN2 = V 1n + V 2p + V 3n
(EQ. 9)
V ISEN3 = V 1n + V 2n + V 3p
(EQ. 10)
The ISL62883 will make VISEN1 = VISEN2 = VISEN3 as in:
V 1p + V 2n + V 3n = V 1n + V 2p + V 3n
(EQ. 11)
V 1n + V 2p + V 3n = V 1n + V 2n + V 3p
(EQ. 12)
Rewriting Equation 11 gives:
V 1p – V 1n = V 2p – V 2n
(EQ. 13)
and rewriting Equation 12 gives:
where Rdcr1, Rdcr2 and Rdcr3 are inductor DCR; Rpcb1, Rpcb2
and Rpcb3 are parasitic PCB DCR between the inductor output
side pad and the output voltage rail; and IL1, IL2 and IL3 are
inductor average currents.
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
IL3
Rpcb3
FIGURE 11. DIFFERENTIAL-SENSING CURRENT BALANCING
CIRCUIT
IL3
Phase2
Rs
Rdcr3
Rs
Phase3
ISEN3
L3
Rs
Phase2
Rs
Phase Current Balancing
Rs
V3p
Phase3
Rs
V 2p – V 2n = V 3p – V 3n
(EQ. 14)
Combining Equations 13 and 14 gives:
V 1p – V 1n = V 2p – V 2n = V 3p – V 3n
(EQ. 15)
Therefore:
R dcr1  I L1 = R dcr2  I L2 = R dcr3  I L3
(EQ. 16)
Page 15 of 37
ISL62883, ISL62883B
Current balancing (IL1 = IL2 = IL3) will be achieved when there is
Rdcr1 = Rdcr2 = Rdcr3. Rpcb1, Rpcb2 and Rpcb3 will not have any
effect.
REP RATE = 10kHz
Since the slave ripple capacitor voltages mimic the inductor
currents, R3™ modulator can naturally achieve excellent current
balancing during steady state and dynamic operations. Figure 12
shows current balancing performance of the ISL62883
evaluation board with load transient of 12A/51A at different rep
rates. The inductor currents follow the load current dynamic
change with the output capacitors supplying the difference. The
inductor currents can track the load current well at low rep rate,
but cannot keep up when the rep rate gets into the hundred-kHz
range, where it’s out of the control loop bandwidth. The controller
achieves excellent current balancing in all cases.
CCM Switching Frequency
REP RATE = 25kHz
REP RATE = 50kHz
The Rfset resistor between the COMP and the VW pins sets the
sets the VW windows size, therefore sets the switching frequency.
When the ISL62883 is in continuous conduction mode (CCM),
the switching frequency is not absolutely constant due to the
nature of the R3™ modulator. As explained in the Multiphase
R3™ Modulator section, the effective switching frequency will
increase during load insertion and will decrease during load
release to achieve fast response. On the other hand, the
switching frequency is relatively constant at steady state.
Variation is expected when the power stage condition, such as
input voltage, output voltage, load, etc. changes. The variation is
usually less than 15% and doesn’t have any significant effect on
output voltage ripple magnitude. Equation 17 gives an estimate
of the frequency-setting resistor Rfset value. 8k Rfset gives
approximately 300kHz switching frequency. Lower resistance
gives higher switching frequency.
R fset  k  =  Period  s  – 0.29   2.65
REP RATE = 100kHz
(EQ. 17)
Phase Count Configurations
The ISL62883 can be configured for 3-, 2- or 1-phase operation.
For 2-phase configuration, tie the PWM3 pin to 5V. Phase-1 and
Phase-2 PWM pulses are 180° out-of-phase. In this
configuration, the ISEN3/FB2 pin (pin 9) serves the FB2 function.
For 1-phase configuration, tie the PWM3 and ISEN2 pins to 5V. In
this configuration, only Phase-1 is active. The ISEN3/FB2, ISEN2,
and ISEN1 pins are not used because there is no need for either
current balancing or FB2 function.
REP RATE = 200kHz
FIGURE 12. ISL62883 EVALUATION BOARD CURRENT BALANCING
DURING DYNAMIC OPERATION. CH1: IL1, CH2: ILOAD,
CH3: IL2, CH4: IL3
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
Page 16 of 37
ISL62883, ISL62883B
Modes of Operation
TABLE 2. ISL62883 MODES OF OPERATION
CONFIGURATION
OPERATIONAL
MODE
PSI#
DPRSLPVR
0
0
2-phase CCM
0
1
1-phase DE
1
0
3-phase CCM
Protections
1
1
1-phase DE
0
0
1-phase CCM
The ISL62883 provides overcurrent, current-balance,
undervoltage, overvoltage, and over-temperature protections.
0
1
1-phase DE
1
0
2-phase CCM
1
1
1-phase DE
0
0
1-phase CCM
0
1
1-phase DE
1
0
1-phase CCM
1
1
1-phase DE
3-phase Configuration
2-phase Configuration
1-phase Configuration
Table 2 shows the ISL62883 operational modes, programmed by
the logic status of the PSI# and the DPRSLPVR pins. In 3-phase
configuration, the ISL62883 enters 2-phase CCM for (PSI# = 0 and
DPRSLPVR = 0) by dropping PWM3 and operating phases 1 and 2
180° out-of-phase. It also reduces the overcurrent and the
way-overcurrent protection levels to 2/3 of the initial values. The
ISL62883 enters 1-phase DE mode when DPRSLPVR = 1. It drops
phases 2 and 3, and reduces the overcurrent and the wayovercurrent protection levels to 1/3 of the initial values.
In 2-phase configuration, the ISL62883 enters 1-phase CCM for
(PSI# = 0 and DPRSLPVR = 0). It drops Phase-2 and reduces the
overcurrent and the way-overcurrent protection levels to 1/2 of
the initial values. The ISL62883 enters 1-phase DE mode when
DPRSLPVR = 1 by dropping phase 2.
In 1-phase configuration, the ISL62883 does not change the
operational mode when the PSI# signal changes status. It enters
1-phase DE mode when DPRSLPVR = 1.
Dynamic Operation
The ISL62883 responds to VID changes by slewing to the new
voltage at 5mV/µs slew rate. As the output approaches the VID
command voltage, the dv/dt moderates to prevent overshoot.
Geyserville-III transitions commands one LSB VID step (12.5mV)
every 2.5µs, controlling the effective dv/dt at 5mv/µs. The
ISL62883 is capable of 5mV/µs slew rate.
When the ISL62883 is in DE mode, it will actively drive the output
voltage up when the VID changes to a higher value. It’ll resume
DE mode operation after reaching the new voltage level. If the
load is light enough to warrant DCM, it will enter DCM after the
inductor current has crossed zero for four consecutive cycles. The
ISL62883 will remain in DE mode when the VID changes to a
lower value. The output voltage will decay to the new value and
the load will determine the slew rate.
During load insertion response, the Fast Clock function increases
the PWM pulse response speed. The ISL62883 monitors the
VSEN pin voltage and compares it to 100ns - filtered version.
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
When the unfiltered version is 20mV below the filtered version,
the controller knows there is a fast voltage dip due to load
insertion, hence issues an additional master clock signal to
deliver a PWM pulse immediately.
The R3™ modulator intrinsically has voltage feed forward. The
output voltage is insensitive to a fast slew rate input voltage
change.
The ISL62883 determines overcurrent protection (OCP) by
comparing the average value of the droop current Idroop with an
internal current source threshold. It declares OCP when Idroop is
above the threshold for 120µs. A resistor Rcomp from the COMP
pin to GND programs the OCP current source threshold, as Table 3
shows. It is recommended to use the nominal Rcomp value. The
ISL62883 detects the Rcomp value at the beginning of start up,
and sets the internal OCP threshold accordingly. It remembers the
Rcomp value until the VR_ON signal drops below the POR
threshold.
TABLE 3. ISL62883 OCP THRESHOLD
Rcomp
NOMINAL
MIN. (k)
(k)
OCP THRESHOLD (µA)
MAX.
(k)
1-PHASE
MODE
2-PHASE
MODE
3-PHASE
MODE
none
none
20
40
60
320
400
480
22.7
45.3
68
210
235
260
20.7
41.3
62
155
165
175
18
36
54
104
120
136
20
37.33
56
78
85
92
22.7
38.7
58
62
66
70
20.7
42.7
64
45
50
55
18
44
66
The default OCP threshold is the value when Rcomp is not
populated. It is recommended to scale the droop current Idroop
such that the default OCP threshold gives approximately the
desired OCP level, then use Rcomp to fine tune the OCP level if
necessary.
For overcurrent conditions above 2.5 times the OCP level, the
PWM outputs will immediately shut off and PGOOD will go low to
maximize protection. This protection is also referred to as
way-overcurrent protection or fast-overcurrent protection, for
short-circuit protections.
The ISL62883 monitors the ISEN pin voltages to determine
current-balance protection. If the ISEN pin voltage difference is
greater than 9mV for 1ms, the controller will declare a fault and
latch off.
The ISL62883 will declare undervoltage (UV) fault and latch off if
the output voltage is less than the VID set value by 300mV or
more for 1ms. It’ll turn off the PWM outputs and dessert PGOOD.
The ISL62883 has two levels of overvoltage protections. The first
level of overvoltage protection is referred to as PGOOD
overvoltage protection. If the output voltage exceeds the VID set
Page 17 of 37
ISL62883, ISL62883B
value by +200mV for 1ms, the ISL62883 will declare a fault and
dessert PGOOD.
The ISL62883 takes the same actions for all of the above fault
protections: desertion of PGOOD and turn-off of the high-side and
low-side power MOSFETs. Any residual inductor current will decay
through the MOSFET body diodes. These fault conditions can be
reset by bringing VR_ON low or by bringing VDD below the POR
threshold. When VR_ON and VDD return to their high operating
levels, a soft-start will occur.
The second level of overvoltage protection is different. If the
output voltage exceeds 1.55V, the ISL62883 will immediately
declare an OV fault, dessert PGOOD, and turn on the low-side
power MOSFETs. The low-side power MOSFETs remain on until
the output voltage is pulled down below 0.85V when all power
MOSFETs are turned off. If the output voltage rises above 1.55V
again, the protection process is repeated. This behavior provides
the maximum amount of protection against shorted high-side
power MOSFETs while preventing output ringing below ground.
Resetting VR_ON cannot clear the 1.55V OVP. Only resetting VDD
will clear it. The 1.55V OVP is active all the time when the
controller is enabled, even if one of the other faults have been
declared. This ensures that the processor is protected against
high-side power MOSFET leakage while the MOSFETs are
commanded off.
The ISL62883 has a thermal throttling feature. If the voltage on
the NTC pin goes below the 1.18V OT threshold, the VR_TT# pin is
pulled low indicating the need for thermal throttling to the
system. No other action is taken within the ISL62883 in response
to NTC pin voltage.
Table 4 summarizes the fault protections.
.
TABLE 4. FAULT PROTECTION SUMMARY
FAULT TYPE
FAULT DURATION
BEFORE
PROTECTION
Overcurrent
120µs
Way-Overcurrent
(2.5xOC)
<2µs
Overvoltage +200mV
1ms
PROTECTION
ACTION
FAULT
RESET
PWM tri-state,
PGOOD latched
low
VR_ON
toggle or
VDD toggle
Phase Current
Unbalance
Over-Temperature
Immediately
Low-side MOSFET VDD toggle
on until Vcore
<0.85V, then
PWM tri-state,
PGOOD latched
low.
1ms
N/A
Current Monitor
The ISL62883 provides the current monitor function. The IMON
pin outputs a high-speed analog current source that is 3 times of
the droop current flowing out of the FB pin. Thus Equation 18:
I IMON = 3  I droop
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
The IMON pin voltage range is 0V to 1.1V. A clamp circuit
prevents the IMON pin voltage from going above 1.1V.
FB2 Function
The FB2 function is only available when the ISL62883 is in
2-phase configuration, when pin 9 serves the FB2 function
instead of the ISEN3 function.
C1 R2
CONTROLLER IN
2-PHASE MODE
C2 R3
VSEN
C3.1
FB2
FB
Vref
C2 R3
C3.2
R1
E/A
C1 R2
CONTROLLER IN
1-PHASE MODE
VSEN
COMP
C3.1
FB2
C3.2
R1
FB
E/A
Vref
COMP
FIGURE 13. FB2 FUNCTION IN 2-PHASE MODE
Figure 13 shows the FB2 function. A switch (called FB2 switch)
turns on to short the FB and the FB2 pins when the controller is in
2-phase mode. Capacitors C3.1 and C3.2 are in parallel, serving
as part of the compensator. When the controller enters 1-phase
mode, the FB2 switch turns off, removing C3.2 and leaving only
C3.1 in the compensator. The compensator gain will increase
with the removal of C3.2. By properly sizing C3.1 and C3.2, the
compensator cab be optimal for both 2-phase mode and 1-phase
mode.
When the FB2 switch is off, C3.2 is disconnected from the FB pin.
However, the controller still actively drives the FB2 pin voltage to
follow the FB pin voltage such that C3.2 voltage always follows
C3.1 voltage. When the controller turns on the FB2 switch, C3.2
will be reconnected to the compensator smoothly.
The FB2 function ensures excellent transient response in both
2-phase mode and 1-phase mode. If one decides not to use the
FB2 function, simply populate C3.1 only.
Adaptive Body Diode Conduction Time
Reduction
Undervoltage -300mV
Overvoltage 1.55V
As Figures 1 and 2 show, a resistor Rimon is connected to the
IMON pin to convert the IMON pin current to voltage. A capacitor
can be paralleled with Rimon to filter the voltage information. The
IMVP-6.5™ specification requires that the IMON voltage
information be referenced to VSSSENSE.
(EQ. 18)
In DCM, the controller turns off the low-side MOSFET when the
inductor current approaches zero. During on-time of the low-side
MOSFET, phase voltage is negative and the amount is the
MOSFET Rdson voltage drop, which is proportional to the inductor
current. A phase comparator inside the controller monitors the
phase voltage during on-time of the low-side MOSFET and
compares it with a threshold to determine the zero-crossing point
of the inductor current. If the inductor current has not reached
zero when the low-side MOSFET turns off, it’ll flow through the
low-side MOSFET body diode, causing the phase node to have a
larger voltage drop until it decays to zero. If the inductor current
has crossed zero and reversed the direction when the low-side
MOSFET turns off, it’ll flow through the high-side MOSFET body
diode, causing the phase node to have a spike until it decays to
zero. The controller continues monitoring the phase voltage after
turning off the low-side MOSFET and adjusts the phase
Page 18 of 37
ISL62883, ISL62883B
comparator threshold voltage accordingly in iterative steps such
that the low-side MOSFET body diode conducts for approximately
40ns to minimize the body diode-related loss.
droop amplifier. The preferred values are Ris = 82.5 and
Cis = 0.01µF. Slight deviations from the recommended values are
acceptable. Large deviations may result in instability.
Overshoot Reduction Function
Inductor DCR Current-Sensing Network
The ISL62883 has an optional overshoot reduction function.
Using RBIAS = 47k enables this function and using
RBIAS = 147k disables this function.
When a load release occurs, the energy stored in the inductors
will dump to the output capacitor, causing output voltage
overshoot. The inductor current freewheels through the low-side
MOSFET during this period of time. The overshoot reduction
function turns off the low-side MOSFET during the output voltage
overshoot, forcing the inductor current to freewheel through the
low-side MOSFET body diode. Since the body diode voltage drop
is much higher than MOSFET Rdson voltage drop, more energy is
dissipated on the low-side MOSFET therefore the output voltage
overshoot is lower.
If the overshoot reduction function is enabled, the ISL62883
monitors the COMP pin voltage to determine the output voltage
overshoot condition. The COMP voltage will fall and hit the clamp
voltage when the output voltage overshoots. The ISL62883 will
turn off LGATE1 and LGATE2, and tri-state PWM3 when COMP is
being clamped. All the low-side MOSFETs in the power stage will
be turned off. When the output voltage has reached its peak and
starts to come down, the COMP voltage starts to rise and is no
longer clamped. The ISL62883 will resume normal PWM
operation.
When PSI# is low, indicating a low power state of the CPU, the
controller will disable the overshoot reduction function as large
magnitude transient event is not expected and overshoot is not a
concern.
While the overshoot reduction function reduces the output voltage
overshoot, energy is dissipated on the low-side MOSFET, causing
additional power loss. The more frequent transient event, the more
power loss dissipated on the low-side MOSFET. The MOSFET may
face severe thermal stress when transient events happen at a high
repetitive rate. User discretion is advised when this function is
enabled.
Key Component Selection
RBIAS
The ISL62883 uses a resistor (1% or better tolerance is
recommended) from the RBIAS pin to GND to establish highly
accurate reference current sources inside the IC. Using
RBIAS = 47k enables the overshoot reduction function and using
RBIAS = 147k disables this function. Do not connect any other
components to this pin. Do not connect any capacitor to the RBIAS
pin as it will create instability.
Care should be taken in layout that the resistor is placed very close
to the RBIAS pin and that a good quality signal ground is
connected to the opposite side of the RBIAS resistor.
Ris and Cis
As Figures 1 and 2, show, the ISL62883 needs the Ris - Cis
network across the ISUM+ and the ISUM- pins to stabilize the
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
Phase1
Phase2
Phase3
Rsum
Rsum
ISUM+
Rsum
L
L
L
Rntcs
Cn Vcn
Rp
DCR
DCR
DCR
Rntc
Ro
Ri
ISUM-
Ro
Ro
Io
FIGURE 14. DCR CURRENT-SENSING NETWORK
Figure 14 shows the inductor DCR current-sensing network for a
3-phase solution. An inductor current flows through the DCR and
creates a voltage drop. Each inductor has two resistors in Rsum
and Ro connected to the pads to accurately sense the inductor
current by sensing the DCR voltage drop. The Rsum and Ro
resistors are connected in a summing network as shown, and feed
the total current information to the NTC network (consisting of
Rntcs, Rntc and Rp) and capacitor Cn. Rntc is a negative
temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor, used to
temperature-compensate the inductor DCR change.
The inductor output side pads are electrically shorted in the
schematic, but have some parasitic impedance in actual board
layout, which is why one cannot simply short them together for the
current-sensing summing network. It is recommended to use
1~10 Ro to create quality signals. Since Ro value is much
smaller than the rest of the current sensing circuit, the following
analysis will ignore it for simplicity.
The summed inductor current information is presented to the
capacitor Cn. Equations 19 thru 23 describe the
frequency-domain relationship between inductor total current
Io(s) and Cn voltage VCn(s):


R ntcnet

DCR
V Cn  s  =  -----------------------------------------  ------------  I o  s   A cs  s 
N 
R sum

 R ntcnet + ------------
N
 R ntcs + R ntc   R p
R ntcnet = --------------------------------------------------R ntcs + R ntc + R p
s
1 + -----L
A cs  s  = ---------------------s
1 + ----------- sns
(EQ. 19)
(EQ. 20)
(EQ. 21)
where N is the number of phases.
Page 19 of 37
ISL62883, ISL62883B
DCR
 L = -----------L
io
(EQ. 22)
1
 sns = -----------------------------------------------------R sum
R ntcnet  -------------N
-----------------------------------------  C n
R sum
R ntcnet + -------------N
(EQ. 23)
Vo
Transfer function Acs(s) always has unity gain at DC. The inductor
DCR value increases as the winding temperature increases,
giving higher reading of the inductor DC current. The NTC Rntc
values decreases as its temperature decreases. Proper
selections of Rsum, Rntcs, Rp and Rntc parameters ensure that
VCn represent the inductor total DC current over the temperature
range of interest.
FIGURE 16. LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE WHEN Cn IS TOO
SMALL
io
There are many sets of parameters that can properly temperaturecompensate the DCR change. Since the NTC network and the Rsum
resistors form a voltage divider, Vcn is always a fraction of the
inductor DCR voltage. It is recommended to have a higher ratio of
Vcn to the inductor DCR voltage, so the droop circuit has higher
signal level to work with.
A typical set of parameters that provide good temperature
compensation are: Rsum = 3.65k, Rp = 11k, Rntcs = 2.61k
and Rntc = 10k(ERT-J1VR103J). The NTC network parameters
may need to be fine tuned on actual boards. One can apply full
load DC current and record the output voltage reading
immediately; then record the output voltage reading again when
the board has reached the thermal steady state. A good NTC
network can limit the output voltage drift to within 2mV. It is
recommended to follow the Intersil evaluation board layout and
current-sensing network parameters to minimize engineering
time.
VCn(s) also needs to represent real-time Io(s) for the controller to
achieve good transient response. Transfer function Acs(s) has a
pole sns and a zero L. One needs to match L and sns so
Acs(s) is unity gain at all frequencies. By forcing L equal to sns
and solving for the solution, Equation 24 solves for the value of
Cn.
L
C n = -----------------------------------------------------------R sum
R ntcnet  -------------N
-----------------------------------------  DCR
R sum
R ntcnet + -------------N
Vo
FIGURE 17. LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE WHEN Cn IS TOO
LARGE
For example, given N = 3, Rsum = 3.65k, Rp = 11k,
Rntcs = 2.61k, Rntc = 10k, DCR = 0.88m and L = 0.36µH,
Equation 24 gives Cn = 0.406µF.
Assuming the compensator design is correct, Figure 15 shows the
expected load transient response waveforms if Cn is correctly
selected. When the load current Icore has a square change, the
output voltage Vcore also has a square response.
If Cn value is too large or too small, VCn(s) will not accurately
represent real-time Io(s) and will worsen the transient response.
Figure 16 shows the load transient response when Cn is too
small. Vcore will sag excessively upon load insertion and may
create a system failure. Figure 17 shows the transient response
when Cn is too large. Vcore is sluggish in drooping to its final
value. There will be excessive overshoot if load insertion occurs
during this time, which may potentially hurt the CPU reliability.
(EQ. 24)
io
io
Vo
iL
Vo
RING
BACK
FIGURE 18. OUTPUT VOLTAGE RING BACK PROBLEM
FIGURE 15. DESIRED LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE
WAVEFORMS
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
Page 20 of 37
ISL62883, ISL62883B
ISUM+
Rntcs
Cn.1
Phase1
Phase2
Phase3
L
L
L
DCR
DCR
DCR
Cn.2 Vcn
Rp
Rntc
Resistor Current-Sensing Network
Rn
OPTIONAL
Rsum
Ri
Rsum
ISUM-
ISUM+
Rsum
Rip
Cip
Rsen
Rsen
Rsen
Vcn
Ro
Ro
FIGURE 19. OPTIONAL CIRCUITS FOR RING BACK REDUCTION
Figure 19 shows two optional circuits for reduction of the ring
back. Rip and Cip form an R-C branch in parallel with Ri, providing
a lower impedance path than Ri at the beginning of io change.
Rip and Cip do not have any effect at steady state. Through
proper selection of Rip and Cip values, idroop can resemble io
rather than iL, and Vo will not ring back. The recommended value
for Rip is100. Cip should be determined through tuning the load
transient response waveforms on an actual board. The
recommended range for Cip is 100pF~2000pF.
Cn is the capacitor used to match the inductor time constant. It
usually takes the parallel of two (or more) capacitors to get the
desired value. Figure 19 shows that two capacitors Cn.1 and Cn.2
are in parallel. Resistor Rn is an optional component to reduce
the Vo ring back. At steady state, Cn.1+Cn.2 provides the desired
Cn capacitance. At the beginning of io change, the effective
capacitance is less because Rn increases the impedance of the
Cn.1 branch. As explained in Figure 16, Vo tends to dip when Cn is
too small, and this effect will reduce the Vo ring back. This effect
is more pronounced when Cn.1 is much larger than Cn.2. It is also
more pronounced when Rn is bigger. However, the presence of
Rn increases the ripple of the Vn signal if Cn.2 is too small. It is
recommended to keep Cn.2 greater than 2200pF. Rn value
usually is a few ohms. Cn.1, Cn.2 and Rn values should be
determined through tuning the load transient response
waveforms on an actual board.
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
ISUM-
Ro
OPTIONAL
Figure 18 shows the output voltage ring back problem during
load transient response. The load current io has a fast step
change, but the inductor current iL cannot accurately follow.
Instead, iL responds in first order system fashion due to the
nature of current loop. The ESR and ESL effect of the output
capacitors makes the output voltage Vo dip quickly upon load
current change. However, the controller regulates Vo according to
the droop current idroop, which is a real-time representation of iL;
therefore it pulls Vo back to the level dictated by iL, causing the
ring back problem. This phenomenon is not observed when the
output capacitor have very low ESR and ESL, such as all ceramic
capacitors.
Cn
Ri
Io
FIGURE 20. RESISTOR CURRENT-SENSING NETWORK
Figure 20 shows the resistor current-sensing network for a
3-phase solution. Each inductor has a series current-sensing
resistor Rsen. Rsum and Ro are connected to the Rsen pads to
accurately capture the inductor current information. The Rsum
and Ro resistors are connected to capacitor Cn. Rsum and Cn
form a a filter for noise attenuation. Equations 25 thru 27 give
VCn(s) expression:
R sen
V Cn  s  = ------------  I o  s   A Rsen  s 
N
1
A Rsen  s  = ---------------------s
1 + ----------- sns
1
 Rsen = --------------------------R sum
--------------  C n
N
(EQ. 25)
(EQ. 26)
(EQ. 27)
Transfer function ARsen(s) always has unity gain at DC.
Current-sensing resistor Rsen value will not have significant
variation over temperature, so there is no need for the NTC
network.
The recommended values are Rsum = 1k and Cn = 5600pF.
Overcurrent Protection
Refer to Equation 1 and Figures 9, 14 and 20; resistor Ri sets the
droop current Idroop. Table 3 shows the internal OCP threshold. It
is recommended to design Idroop without using the Rcomp
resistor.
For example, the OCP threshold is 60µA for 3-phase solution. We
will design Idroop to be 38.8µA at full load, so the OCP trip level is
1.55 times of the full load current.
For inductor DCR sensing, Equation 28 gives the DC relationship
of Vcn(s) and Io(s).


R ntcnet

DCR
-------------------------------------------------V Cn = 

 I
R sum
N  o

 R ntcnet + ------------
N
(EQ. 28)
Page 21 of 37
ISL62883, ISL62883B
Substitution of Equation 28 into Equation 1 gives Equation 29:
R ntcnet
DCR
2
I droop = -----  -----------------------------------------  ------------  I o
N
R sum
Ri
R ntcnet + -------------N
(EQ. 29)
Therefore:
2R ntcnet  DCR  I o
R i = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------R sum
N   R ntcnet + --------------  I droop

N 
(EQ. 30)
Substitution of Equation 20 and application of the OCP condition
in Equation 30 gives Equation 31:
 R ntcs + R ntc   R p
2  ---------------------------------------------------  DCR  I omax
R ntcs + R ntc + R p
R i = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  R ntcs + R ntc   R p R sum
N   --------------------------------------------------- + --------------  I droopmax
N 
 R ntcs + R ntc + R p
(EQ. 31)
where Iomax is the full load current, Idroopmax is the
corresponding droop current. For example, given N = 3,
Rsum = 3.65k, Rp = 11k, Rntcs = 2.61k, Rntc = 10k,
DCR = 0.88m, Iomax = 51A and Idroopmax = 40.9µA, Equation
31 gives Ri = 606.
For resistor sensing, Equation 32 gives the DC relationship of
Vcn(s) and Io(s).
R sen
V Cn = ------------  I o
N
(EQ. 32)
Substitution of Equation 32 into Equation 1 gives Equation 33:
2 R sen
I droop = -----  ------------  I o
N
Ri
(EQ. 33)
(EQ. 34)
Substitution of Equation 34 and application of the OCP condition
in Equation 30 gives:
2R sen  I omax
R i = -------------------------------------N  I droopmax
(EQ. 35)
where Iomax is the full load current, Idroopmax is the
corresponding droop current. For example, given N = 3,
Rsen = 1m, Iomax = 51A and Idroopmax = 40.9µA, Equation 35
gives Ri = 831.
A resistor from COMP to GND can adjust the internal OCP
threshold, providing another dimension of fine-tune flexibility.
Table 3 shows the detail. It is recommended to scale Idroop such
that the default OCP threshold gives approximately the desired
OCP level, then use Rcomp to fine tune the OCP level if necessary.
Refer to Figure 9.
For inductor DCR sensing, substitution of Equation 29 into
Equation 2 gives the load line slope expression:
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
(EQ. 37)
Substitution of Equation 30 and rewriting Equation 36, or
substitution of Equation 34 and rewriting Equation 37 gives the
same result in Equation 38:
Io
R droop = ----------------  LL
I droop
(EQ. 38)
One can use the full load condition to calculate Rdroop. For
example, given Iomax = 51A, Idroopmax = 40.9µA and
LL = 1.9m, Equation 38 gives Rdroop = 2.37k.
It is recommended to start with the Rdroop value calculated by
Equation 38, and fine tune it on the actual board to get accurate
load line slope. One should record the output voltage readings at
no load and at full load for load line slope calculation. Reading
the output voltage at lighter load instead of full load will increase
the measurement error.
Current Monitor
Refer to Equation 18 for the IMON pin current expression.
Refer to Figures 1 and 2, the IMON pin current flows through
Rimon. The voltage across Rimon is expressed in Equation 39:
V Rimon = 3  I droop  R imon
(EQ. 39)
Rewriting Equation 38 gives Equation 40:
(EQ. 40)
Substitution of Equation 40 into Equation 39 gives Equation 41:
3I o  LL
V Rimon = ---------------------  R imon
R droop
(EQ. 41)
Rewriting Equation 41 and application of full load condition gives
Equation 42:
V Rimon  R droop
R imon = -------------------------------------------3I o  LL
(EQ. 42)
For example, given LL = 1.9m, Rdroop = 2.37k,
VRimon = 963mV at Iomax = 51A, Equation 42 gives
Rimon = 7.85k.
A capacitor Cimon can be paralleled with Rimon to filter the IMON
pin voltage. The RimonCimon time constant is the user’s choice. It
is recommended to have a time constant long enough such that
switching frequency ripples are removed.
Compensator
Load Line Slope
2R droop
R ntcnet
V droop
DCR
LL = ------------------ = ----------------------  -----------------------------------------  -----------Io
Ri
R sum
N
R ntcnet + -------------N
2R sen  R droop
V droop
LL = ------------------ = ----------------------------------------Io
N  Ri
Io
I droop = ------------------  LL
R droop
Therefore:
2R sen  I o
R i = --------------------------N  I droop
For resistor sensing, substitution of Equation 33 into Equation 2
gives the load line slope expression:
(EQ. 36)
Figure 15 shows the desired load transient response waveforms.
Figure 21 shows the equivalent circuit of a voltage regulator (VR)
with the droop function. A VR is equivalent to a voltage source
(= VID) and output impedance Zout(s). If Zout(s) is equal to the
load line slope LL, i.e. constant output impedance, in the entire
frequency range, Vo will have square response when Io has a
square change.
Page 22 of 37
ISL62883, ISL62883B
L
Zout(s)=LL
VID
VR
io
Vo
Q1
Vin
Load
Vo
GATE Q2
DRIVER
io
Cout
LOAD LINE SLOPE
20 
FIGURE 21. VOLTAGE REGULATOR EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT
EA
Mod.
Comp
Intersil provides a Microsoft Excel-based spreadsheet to help design
the compensator and the current sensing network, so the VR
achieves constant output impedance as a stable system. Please
contact Intersil Application support at www.intersil.com/design/.
Figure 24 shows a screenshot of the spreadsheet.
A VR with active droop function is a dual-loop system consisting
of a voltage loop and a droop loop which is a current loop.
However, neither loop alone is sufficient to describe the entire
system. The spreadsheet shows two loop gain transfer functions,
T1(s) and T2(s), that describe the entire system. Figure 22
conceptually shows T1(s) measurement set-up and Figure 23
conceptually shows T2(s) measurement set-up. The VR senses
the inductor current, multiplies it by a gain of the load line slope,
then adds it on top of the sensed output voltage and feeds it to
the compensator. T(1) is measured after the summing node, and
T2(s) is measured in the voltage loop before the summing node.
The spreadsheet gives both T1(s) and T2(s) plots. However, only
T2(s) can be actually measured on an ISL62883 regulator.
T1(s) is the total loop gain of the voltage loop and the droop loop.
It always has a higher crossover frequency than T2(s) and has
more meaning of system stability.
T2(s) is the voltage loop gain with closed droop loop. It has more
meaning of output voltage response.
Design the compensator to get stable T1(s) and T2(s) with
sufficient phase margin, and output impedance equal or smaller
than the load line slope.
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
VID
ISOLATION
TRANSFORMER
CHANNEL B
LOOP GAIN =
CHANNEL A
CHANNEL A
NETWORK
ANALYZER
CHANNEL B
EXCITATION
OUTPUT
FIGURE 22. LOOP GAIN T1(s) MEASUREMENT SET-UP
L
Vo
Q1
Vin
GATE Q2
DRIVER
Cout
io
LOAD LINE SLOPE
20
Mod.
Comp
EA

VID
ISOLATION
TRANSFORMER
CHANNEL B
LOOP GAIN =
CHANNEL A
CHANNEL A
NETWORK
ANALYZER
CHANNEL B
EXCITATION
OUTPUT
FIGURE 23. LOOP GAIN T2(s) MEASUREMENT SET-UP
Page 23 of 37
Changing the settings in red requires deep understanding of control loop design
Place the 2nd compensator pole fp2 at:
2.2 xfs (Switching Frequency)
Tune KȦi to get the desired loop gain bandwidth
Tune the compensator gain factor KȦi:
(Recommended KȦi range is 0.8~2)
1.3
Loop Gain, Gain Curve
*DLQ G%
0DJQLWXGH PRKP
7 V
7 V
(
(
)UHTXHQF\ +]
(
Loop Gain, Phase Curve
7 V
7 V
(
(
(
)UHTXHQF\ +]
(
(
(
(
(
)UHTXHQF\ +]
(
(
(
3KDVH GHJUHH
Page 24 of 37
3KDVH GHJUHH
(
(
(
Output Impedance, Phase Curve
(
(
(
(
)UHTXHQF\ +]
(
Operation Parameters
Inductor DCR
0.88 m :
Rsum
3.65 k :
Rntc
10 k :
Rntcs
2.61 k :
Rp
11 k :
Recommended Value
Cn
0.406 uF
Ri 606.036 :
(
Output Impedance, Gain Curve
Current Sensing Network Parameters
(
FIGURE 24. SCREENSHOT OF THE COMPENSATOR DESIGN SPREADSHEET
User Selected Value
Cn
0.406 uF
Ri
604 :
ISL62883, ISL62883B
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
Compensation & Current Sensing Network Design for Intersil Multiphase R^3 Regulators for IMVP-6.5
Jia Wei, [email protected], 919-405-3605
Attention: 1. "Analysis ToolPak" Add-in is required. To turn on, go to Tools--Add-Ins, and check "Analysis ToolPak"
2. Green cells require user input
Compensator Parameters
Operation Parameters
Controller Part Number: ISL6288x
§
s · §
s ·
¸
¸ ˜ ¨1 KZi ˜ Zi ˜ ¨¨1 Phase Number:
3
2Sf z1 ¸¹ ¨©
2Sf z 2 ¸¹
©
AV ( s )
Vin:
12 volts
§
s ·¸ §¨
s ·¸
Vo:
1.15 volts
˜ 1
s ˜ ¨1 ¨
2Sf p1 ¸¹ ¨©
2Sf p 2 ¸¹
©
Full Load Current:
51 Amps
Estimated Full-Load Efficiency:
87 %
Number of Output Bulk Capacitors:
4
Recommended Value
User-Selected Value
Capacitance of Each Output Bulk Capacitor:
270 uF
R1
2.369 k :
R1
2.37 k :
ESR of Each Output Bulk Capacitor:
4.5 m :
ESL of Each Output Bulk Capacitor:
0.6 nH
R2
338.213 k :
R2
324 k :
Number of Output Ceramic Capacitors:
24
R3
0.530 k :
R3
0.536 k :
Capacitance of Each Output Ceramic Capacitor:
10 uF
C1
148.140 pF
C1
150 pF
C2
455.369 pF
C2
390 pF
ESR of Each Output Ceramic Capacitor:
3 m:
ESL of Each Output Ceramic Capacitor:
3 nH
C3
40.069 pF
C3
39 pF
Switching Frequency:
300 kHz
Use User-Selected Value (Y/N)? N
Inductance Per Phase:
0.36 uH
CPU Socket Resistance:
0.9 m :
Desired Load-Line Slope:
1.9 m :
Performance and Stability
Desired ISUM- Pin Current at Full Load:
40.9 uA
T1 Bandwidth: 212kHz
T2 Bandwidth: 66kHz
(This sets the over-current protection level)
T1 Phase Margin: 58.9°
T2 Phase Margin: 89.3°
ISL62883, ISL62883B
Optional Slew Rate Compensation Circuit For
1-Tick VID Transition
Rdroop
Vcore
OPTIONAL
Ivid
COMP
VIDs
 VDACDAC
RTN
INTERNAL
TO IC
(EQ. 44)
dV fb
C out  LL dV core
C vid  ------------ = ------------------------  -----------------dt
dt
R droop
(EQ. 45)
and:
Idroop_vid
E/A
–t
------------------------------
dV fb 
R
C
I vid  t  = C vid  ------------   1 – e vid vid


dt


It is desired to let Ivid(t) cancel Idroop_vid(t). So there are:
Rvid Cvid
FB
In the mean time, the Rvid-Cvid branch current Ivid time domain
expression is shown in Equation 44:
X1
(EQ. 46)
R vid  C vid = C out  LL
VID<0:6>
VSSSENSE
VSS
The result is expressed in Equation 47:
(EQ. 47)
R vid = R droop
and:
dV core
C out  LL ----------------dt
C vid = ------------------------  -----------------R droop
dV fb
-----------dt
VID<0:6>
(EQ. 48)
For example: given LL = 1.9m, Rdroop = 2.37k,
Cout = 1320µF, dVcore/dt = 5mV/us and dVfb/dt = 15mV/µs,
Equation 47 gives Rvid = 2.37k and Equation 48 gives
Cvid = 350pF.
Vfb
Ivid
It’s recommended to select the calculated Rvid value and start
with the calculated Cvid value and tweak it on the actual board to
get the best performance.
Vcore
During normal transient response, the FB pin voltage is held
constant, therefore is virtual ground in small signal sense. The
Rvid-Cvid network is between the virtual ground and the real
ground, and hence has no effect on transient response.
Idroop_vid
FIGURE 25. OPTIONAL SLEW RATE COMPENSATION CIRCUIT
FOR1-TICK VID TRANSITION
Voltage Regulator Thermal Throttling
During a large VID transition, the DAC steps through the VIDs at a
controlled slew rate of 2.5µs per tick (12.5mV), controlling
output voltage Vcore slew rate at 5mV/µs.
Figure 25 shows the waveforms of 1-tick VID transition. During
1-tick VID transition, the DAC output changes at approximately
15mV/µs slew rate, but the DAC cannot step through multiple
VIDs to control the slew rate. Instead, the control loop response
speed determines Vcore slew rate. Ideally, Vcore will follow the FB
pin voltage slew rate. However, the controller senses the inductor
current increase during the up transition, as the Idroop_vid
waveform shows, and will droop the output voltage Vcore
accordingly, making Vcore slew rate slow. Similar behavior occurs
during the down transition.
To control Vcore slew rate during 1-tick VID transition, one can add
the Rvid-Cvid branch, whose current Ivid cancels Idroop_vid.
When Vcore increases, the time domain expression of the
induced Idroop change is expressed in Equation 43:
54uA
64uA
VR_TT#
SW1
NTC
+
VNTC
-
+
RNTC
Rs
1.24V
SW2
1.20V
INTERNAL TO
ISL62882
FIGURE 26. CIRCUITRY ASSOCIATED WITH THE THERMAL
THROTTLING FEATURE OF THE ISL62882
–t
-------------------------
C out  LL dV core 
C
 LL
I droop  t  = ------------------------  ------------------   1 – e out


dt
R droop


(EQ. 43)
where Cout is the total output capacitance.
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
Page 25 of 37
ISL62883, ISL62883B
Figure 26 shows the thermal throttling feature with hysteresis.
An NTC network is connected between the NTC pin and GND. At
low temperature, SW1 is on and SW2 connects to the 1.20V side.
The total current flowing out of the NTC pin is 60µA. The voltage
on NTC pin is higher than threshold voltage of 1.20V and the
comparator output is low. VR_TT# is pulled up by the external
resistor.
When temperature increases, the NTC thermistor resistance
decreases so the NTC pin voltage drops. When the NTC pin
voltage drops below 1.20V, the comparator changes polarity and
turns SW1 off and throws SW2 to 1.24V. This pulls VR_TT# low
and sends the signal to start thermal throttle. There is a 6µA
current reduction on NTC pin and 40mV voltage increase on
threshold voltage of the comparator in this state. The VR_TT#
signal will be used to change the CPU operation and decrease
the power consumption. When the temperature drops down, the
NTC thermistor voltage will go up. If NTC voltage increases to
above 1.24V, the comparator will flip back. The external
resistance difference in these two conditions is expressed in
Equation 49:
1.24V 1.20V
--------------- – --------------- = 2.96k
54A 60A
(EQ. 49)
One needs to properly select the NTC thermistor value such that
the required temperature hysteresis correlates to 2.96k
resistance change. A regular resistor may need to be in series
with the NTC thermistor to meet the threshold voltage values.
For example, given Panasonic NTC thermistor with B = 4700, the
resistance will drop to 0.03322 of its nominal at +105°C, and
drop to 0.03956 of its nominal at +100°C. If the required
temperature hysteresis is +105°C to +100°C, the required
resistance of NTC will be:
2.96k
------------------------------------------------------= 467k
 0.03956 – 0.03322 
represent the DC current flowing through the inductors.
Recommended values are Rs = 10k and Cs = 0.22µF.
Layout Guidelines
Table 5 shows the layout considerations. The designators refer to
the reference design shown in Figure 27.
TABLE 5. LAYOUT CONSIDERATION
PIN
NAME
LAYOUT CONSIDERATION
EP
GND
Create analog ground plane underneath the
controller and the analog signal processing
components. Don’t let the power ground plane
overlap with the analog ground plane. Avoid noisy
planes/traces (e.g.: phase node) from crossing
over/overlapping with the analog plane.
1
PGOOD
No special consideration
2
PSI#
No special consideration
3
RBIAS
Place the Rbias resistor (R16) in general proximity
of the controller. Low impedance connection to the
analog ground plane.
4
VR_TT#
No special consideration
5
NTC
The NTC thermistor (R9) needs to be placed close
to the thermal source that is monitor to determine
thermal throttling. Usually it’s placed close to
Phase-1 high-side MOSFET.
6
VW
Place the capacitor (C4) across VW and COMP in
close proximity of the controller
7
COMP
8
FB
Place the compensator components (C3, C6 R7,
R11, R10 and C11) in general proximity of the
controller.
9
(EQ. 50)
Therefore a larger value thermistor, such as 470k NTC should be
used.
At +105°C, 470k NTC resistance becomes
(0.03322470k) = 15.6k. With 60µA on the NTC pin, the
voltage is only (15.6k60µA) = 0.937V. This value is much
lower than the threshold voltage of 1.20V. Therefore, a regular
resistor needs to be in series with the NTC. The required
resistance can be calculated by Equation 51:
1.20V
--------------- – 15.6k = 4.4k
60A
(EQ. 51)
ISEN3/FB2 A capacitor (C7) decouples it to VSUM-. Place it in
general proximity of the controller.
An optional capacitor is placed between this pin
and COMP. (It’s only used when the controller is
configured 2-phase). Place it in general proximity
of the controller.
10
ISEN2
A capacitor (C9) decouples it to VSUM-. Place it in
general proximity of the controller.
11
ISEN1
A capacitor (C10) decouples it to VSUM-. Place it in
general proximity of the controller.
12
VSEN
13
RTN
Place the VSEN/RTN filter (C12, C13) in close
proximity of the controller for good decoupling.
4.42k is a standard resistor value. Therefore, the NTC branch
should have a 470k NTC and 4.42k resistor in series. The part
number for the NTC thermistor is ERTJ0EV474J. It is a 0402
package. The NTC thermistor will be placed in the hot spot of the
board.
Current Balancing
Refer to Figures 1 and 2. The ISL62883 achieves current
balancing through matching the ISEN pin voltages. Rs and Cs
form filters to remove the switching ripple of the phase node
voltages. It is recommended to use rather long RsCs time
constant such that the ISEN voltages have minimal ripple and
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
Page 26 of 37
ISL62883, ISL62883B
TABLE 5. LAYOUT CONSIDERATION (Continued)
TABLE 5. LAYOUT CONSIDERATION (Continued)
PIN
NAME
LAYOUT CONSIDERATION
PIN
NAME
LAYOUT CONSIDERATION
14
ISUM-
25
VCCP
15
ISUM+
Place the current sensing circuit in general
proximity of the controller.
Place C82 very close to the controller.
Place NTC thermistors R42 next to Phase-1
inductor (L1) so it senses the inductor temperature
correctly.
Each phase of the power stage sends a pair of
VSUM+ and VSUM- signals to the controller. Run
these two signals traces in parallel fashion with
decent width (>20mil).
IMPORTANT: Sense the inductor current by routing
the sensing circuit to the inductor pads.
Route R63 and R71 to the Phase-1 side pad of
inductor L1. Route R88 to the output side pad of
inductor L1.
Route R65 and R72 to the Phase-2 side pad of
inductor L2. Route R90 to the output side pad of
inductor L2.
Route R67 and R73 to the Phase-3 side pad of
inductor L3. Route R92 to the output side pad of
inductor L3.
If possible. Route the traces on a different layer
from the inductor pad layer and use vias to
connect the traces to the center of the pads. If no
via is allowed on the pad, consider routing the
traces into the pads from the inside of the
inductor. The following drawings show the two
preferred ways of routing current sensing traces.
A capacitor (C22) decouples it to GND. Place it in
close proximity of the controller.
26
LGATE2
27
VSSP2
Run these two traces in parallel fashion with
decent width (>30mil). Avoid any sensitive analog
signal trace from crossing over or getting close.
Recommend routing VSSP2 to the Phase-2 lowside MOSFET (Q5 and Q1) source pins instead of
general power ground plane for better
performance.
28
PHASE2
29
UGATE2
30
BOOT2
Use decent wide trace (>30mil). Avoid any
sensitive analog signal trace from crossing over or
getting close.
31~37
VID0~6
No special consideration.
38
VR_ON
No special consideration.
Inductor
Inductor
39
40
Current-Sensing
Traces
VDD
A capacitor (C16) decouples it to GND. Place it in
close proximity of the controller.
17
VIN
A capacitor (C17) decouples it to GND. Place it in
close proximity of the controller.
18
IMON
Place the filter capacitor (C21) close to the CPU.
19
BOOT1
Use decent wide trace (>30mil). Avoid any
sensitive analog signal trace from crossing over or
getting close.
20
UGATE1
21
PHASE1
Run these two traces in parallel fashion with
decent width (>30mil). Avoid any sensitive analog
signal trace from crossing over or getting close.
Recommend routing PHASE1 trace to the Phase-1
high-side MOSFET (Q2 and Q8) source pins instead
of general
Phase-1 node copper.
VSSP1
23
LGATE1
24
PWM3
CLK_EN#
No special consideration.
Minimize the loop consisting of input capacitor,
high-side MOSFETs and low-side MOSFETs (e.g.:
C27, C33, Q2, Q8, Q3 and Q9).
Current-Sensing
Traces
16
22
DPRSLPVR No special consideration.
Other Phase Node Minimize phase node copper area. Don’t let the
phase node copper overlap with/getting close to
other sensitive traces. Cut the power ground plane
to avoid overlapping with phase node copper.
Other
Vias
Run these two traces in parallel fashion with
decent width (>30mil). Avoid any sensitive analog
signal trace from crossing over or getting close.
Recommend routing PHASE2 trace to the Phase-2
high-side MOSFET (Q4 and Q10) source pins
instead of general Phase-2 node copper.
Run these two traces in parallel fashion with
decent width (>30mil). Avoid any sensitive analog
signal trace from crossing over or getting close.
Recommend routing VSSP1 to the Phase-1 lowside MOSFET (Q3 and Q9) source pins instead of
general power ground plane for better
performance.
No special consideration.
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
Page 27 of 37
5
4
VIN
EP
IRF7821
Q6
7
6
10UF
10UF
10UF
10UF
10UF
10UF
10UF
10UF
C44
270UF
10UF
10UF
10UF
10UF
C57
270UF
10UF
10UF
10UF
10UF
C52
270UF
10UF
10UF
10UF
10UF
C39
270UF
C40
10UF
C49
10UF
C60
10UF
VSUM+
U3
IN
VSUM-
PHASE
C48
C47
C56
C43
C55
C42
C54
C41
C50
C66
C65
C64
C63
C61
C74
C73
C72
C71
SAME RULE APPLIES TO OTHER PHASES
FCCM
PWM
VCC
GND
LGATE
ISL6208
4
Page 28 of 37
FIGURE 27. 3-PHASE REFERENCE DESIGN
IN
1UF
BOOT
C26
UGATE
VSUM-
IN
ROUTE LGATE1 TRACE IN PARALLEL
WITH THE VSSP1 TRACE GOING TO
THE SOURCE OF Q3 AND Q9
ISEN3
R67
VSSSENSE
1
IRF7832
Q13
R73
IRF7832
NOTE:
ROUTE UGATE1 TRACE IN PARALLEL
WITH THE PHASE1 TRACE GOING TO
THE SOURCE OF Q2 AND Q8
VSUM+
IN
C68
1
10K
R88
0.22UF
LAYOUT
10K
R92
L3
0.36UH
Q7
PLACE NEAR L1
5
C32
3.65K
0.22UF
C21
10K 2.61K
NTC
R50
7.87K
R41
R38
11K
-----> R42
C20
0.1UF
C18
----
820PF 100
------------OPTIONAL
0.47UF
R26
0.039UF
C16
1UF
C17
C82
R30
604
------------C81 R109
----
10
C15
C13
IN
R18
0.01UF 82.5
----C12
1000PF 330PF
-----
----
0
OUT
VSSSENSE
10
IN
+5V
VIN
R58
IMON
B
Q12
OUT
IN
VCCSENSE
IN
0
C
DNP
OUT
VCORE
OPTIONAL
----
R17
IN
R40
1
0.22UF
C10
0.22UF
C9
0.22UF
R20
C67
1
VSUM-
10K
R90
ISEN2
R72
3.65K
R65
21
OUT
R37
C59
10UF
C34
10UF
10UF
VSUM+
Q9
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
41
Q3
22
C29
2.37K
VCORE
10UF
PHASE1
0.22UF
0.36UH
IRF7832
VSUM-
VSSP1
ISEN2
0
IRF7832
ISEN1
ISEN3
+5V
C30
23
LGATE1
FB
IN
24
PWM3
ISL62883HRZ
R56
R71
COMP
C27
25
VCCP
VW
L1
26
LGATE2
0
8
27
VSSP2
U6
NTC
R63
VR_TT#
Q8
3.65K
PHASE2
DNP
IRF7821
Q2
OUT
28
R11
150PF 324K
----ISEN3 IN
ISEN2 IN
ISEN1 IN
0.36UH
IRF7832
Q11
VSUM+
390PF
RBIAS
29
10UF
536
9
10
UGATE2
10UF
C35
C11
30
BOOT2
PSI#
C22
R7
R10
IRF7832
Q5
1UF
7
PGOOD
10UF
C33
CLK_EN#
DPRSLPVR
VR_ON
VID6
VID5
VID4
VID3
VID2
VID1
VID0
R19
R12
499
6
0.22UF
OUT
39PF
C7
5
8
0.22UF
C4
1000PF
8.66K
DNP
------R6
------R4
NTC
TBD
4
C31
0
OUT
560PF 2.37K
-------------
TBD
147K
R9
3
R57
OUT
------------C83 R110
R8
C6
A
D
OUT
1
2
R16
VR_TT# OUT
---- OPTIONAL
B
DNP
OUT
IN
C
C3
1
Q10
OUT
IN
------- OPTIONAL
IRF7821
Q4
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
1.91K
PGOOD OUT
PSI#
+1.1V
C28
R23
IN
ISEN1
VSEN
RTN
ISUMISUM+
VDD
VIN
IMON
BOOT1
UGATE1
+3.3V
2
L2
1.91K
D
3
IN
C24
VID0 IN
VID1 IN
VID2 IN
VID3 IN
VID4 IN
VID5 IN
VID6 IN
VR_ON IN
DPRSLPVR IN
CLK_EN# OUT
56UF
6
56UF
C25
7
+5V
TITLE: ISL62883
DATE:
ENGINEER:
PAGE:
REFERENCE DESIGN
3-PHASE, DCR SENSING
3
JIA WEI
2
JULY 2009
1 OF 1
1
A
ISL62883, ISL62883B
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
8
ISL62883, ISL62883B
Reference Design Bill of Materials
QTY
REFERENCE
VALUE
DESCRIPTION
1
C11
390pF
Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
GENERIC
H1045-00391-16V10
SM0603
1
C12
330pF
Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
GENERIC
H1045-00331-16V10
SM0603
1
C13
1000pF Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
GENERIC
H1045-00102-16V10
SM0603
1
C15
0.01µF
Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
GENERIC
H1045-00103-16V10
SM0603
3
C16, C22, C26
1µF
Multilayer Cap, 16V, 20%
GENERIC
H1045-00105-16V20
SM0603
1
C18
0.47µF
Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
GENERIC
H1045-00474-16V10
SM0603
1
C20
0.1µF
Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
GENERIC
H1045-00104-16V10
SM0603
8
C21, C7, C9, C10, C17,
C30, C31, C32
0.22µF
Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
GENERIC
H1045-00224-16V10
SM0603
2
C24, C25
56µF
Radial SP Series Cap, 25V, 20%
25SP56M
CASE-CC
6
C27, C28, C29, C33,
C34, C35
10µF
Multilayer Cap, 25V, 20%
GENERIC
H1065-00106-25V20
SM1206
1
C3
150pF
Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
GENERIC
H1045-00151-16V10
SM0603
4
C39, C44, C52, C57
270µF
SPCAP, 2V, 4.5MOHM
POLYMER CAP, 2.5V, 4.5m
1
C4
24
C40-C43, C47-C50,
C53-C56, C59-C69,
C78
10µF
Multilayer Cap, 6.3V, 20%
MURATA
PANASONIC
TDK
1
C6
39pF
Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
1
C81
820pF
1
C82
1
C83
3
SANYO
PANASONIC
KEMET
PACKAGE
EEFSX0D471E4
T520V477M2R5A(1)E4R5
SM0603
GRM21BR61C106KE15L
ECJ2FB0J106K
C2012X5R0J106K
SM0805
GENERIC
H1045-00390-16V10
SM0603
Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
GENERIC
H1045-00821-16V10
SM0603
0.039µF Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
GENERIC
H1045-00393-16V10
SM0603
Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
GENERIC
H1045-00561-16V10
SM0603
L1, L2, L3
0.36µH Inductor, Inductance 20%, DCR 5%
NEC-TOKIN
PANASONIC
MPCH1040LR36
ETQP4LR36AFC
10mmx10mm
3
Q2, Q4, Q6
N-Channel Power MOSFET
IR
IRF7821
PWRPAKSO8
6
Q3, Q5, Q7, Q9, Q11,
Q13
N-Channel Power MOSFET
IR
IRF7832
PWRPAKSO8
3
Q8, Q10, Q12
DNP
1
R10
536
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-05360-1/16W1
SM0603
1
R109
100
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-01000-1/16W1
SM0603
1
R11
2.37k
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-02371-1/16W1
SM0603
1
R110
2.37k
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-02371-1/16W1
SM0603
1
R12
499
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-04990-1/16W1
SM0603
1
R16
147k
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-01473-1/16W1
SM0603
2
R17, R18
10
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-00100-1/16W1
SM0603
4
R19, R71, R72, R73
10k
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-01002-1/16W1
SM0603
1
R23
1.91k
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-01911-1/16W1
SM0603
1
R26
82.5
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-082R5-1/16W1
SM0603
5
R20, R40, R56, R57,
R58
0
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-00R00-1/16W1
SM0603
1
R30
604
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-06040-1/16W1
SM0603
560pF
GENERIC
PART NUMBER
H1045-00102-16V10
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
1000pF Multilayer Cap, 16V, 10%
MANUFACTURER
Page 29 of 37
ISL62883, ISL62883B
Reference Design Bill of Materials (Continued)
QTY
REFERENCE
VALUE
4
R37, R88, R90, R92
1
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-01R00-1/16W1
SM0603
1
R38
11k
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-01102-1/16W1
SM0603
1
R4
DNP
1
R41
2.61k
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-02611-1/16W1
SM0603
1
R42
ERT-J1VR103J
SM0603
1
R50
7.87k
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-07871-1/16W1
SM0603
1
R6
8.66k
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-08662-1/16W1
SM0603
3
R63, R65, R67
3.65k
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-03651-1/16W1
SM0805
2
R8, R9
DNP
1
R7
324k
Thick Film Chip Resistor, 1%
GENERIC
H2511-03243-1/16W1
SM0603
1
U3
Synchronous Rectified MOSFET
Driver
INTERSIL
ISL6208CBZ
SOIC8_150_50
1
U6
IMVP-6.5 PWM Controller
INTERSIL
ISL62883HRTZ
QFN-40
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
DESCRIPTION
10k NTC Thermistor, 10k NTC
MANUFACTURER
PANASONIC
PART NUMBER
PACKAGE
Page 30 of 37
ISL62883, ISL62883B
Typical Performance
92
1.10
90
1.08
1.06
86
VIN = 8V
84
1.04
VIN = 12V
82
VOUT (V)
EFFICIENCY(%)
88
VIN = 19V
80
78
1.02
1.00
0.98
76
0.96
74
0.94
72
70
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
0.92
65
0
5
10
15
20
25
IOUT (A)
30 35 40
IOUT (A)
45
50
55
60
65
FIGURE 29. 3-PHASE CCM LOAD LINE, VID = 1.075V,
VIN1 = 8V, VIN2 = 12.6V AND VIN3 = 19V
FIGURE 28. 3-PHASE CCM EFFICIENCY, VID = 1.075V,
VIN1 = 8V, VIN2 = 12.6V AND VIN3 = 19V
95
0.875
85
VOUT (V)
EFFICIENCY (%)
0.885
VIN = 8V
90
80
VIN = 12V
75
VIN = 19V
0.865
0.855
70
0.845
65
0.835
60
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7 8 9
IOUT(A)
10 11 12 13 14 15
0.825
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
10 11 12 13 14 15
7 8 9
IOUT (A)
FIGURE 31. 2-PHASE CCM LOAD LINE, VID = 0.875V,
VIN1 = 8V, VIN2 = 12.6V AND VIN3 = 19V
FIGURE 30. 2-PHASE CCM EFFICIENCY, VID = 0.875V,
VIN1 = 8V, VIN2 = 12.6V AND VIN3 = 19V
95
0.885
85
0.875
VIN = 8V
VOUT (V)
EFFICIENCY (%)
90
80
75
VIN = 12V
70
65
0.835
1
10
IOUT (A)
FIGURE 32. 1-PHASE DEM EFFICIENCY, VID = 0.875V,
VIN1 = 8V, VIN2 = 12.6V AND VIN3 = 19V
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
0.855
0.845
VIN = 19V
60
0.1
0.865
100
0.825
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15
IOUT (A)
FIGURE 33. 1-PHASE DEM LOAD LINE, VID = 0.875V,
VIN1 = 8V, VIN2 = 12.6V AND VIN3 = 19V
Page 31 of 37
ISL62883, ISL62883B
Typical Performance (Continued)
FIGURE 34. SOFT-START, VIN = 19V, IO = 0A, VID = 0.95V,
Ch1: PHASE1, Ch2: VO, Ch3: PHASE2, Ch4: PHASE3
FIGURE 35. SHUT DOWN, VIN = 19V, IO = 1A, VID = 0.95V,
Ch1: PHASE1, Ch2: VO, Ch3: PHASE2, Ch4: PHASE3
FIGURE 36. CLK_EN# DELAY, VIN = 19V, IO = 2A, VID = 1.5V,
Ch1: PHASE1, Ch2: VO, Ch3: IMON, Ch4: CLK_EN#
FIGURE 37. PRE-CHARGED START UP, VIN = 19V, VID = 0.95V,
Ch1: PHASE1, Ch2: VO, Ch3: IMON, Ch4: VR_ON
IMON-VSSSENSE (mV)
1000
900
800
700
600
500
VIN = 19V
400
300
SPEC
VIN = 12V
200
100
0
0
FIGURE 38. STEADY STATE, VIN = 19V, IO = 51A, VID = 0.95V,
Ch1: PHASE1, Ch2: VO, Ch3: PHASE2, Ch4: PHASE3
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
VIN = 8V
5
10
15
20
25
30
IOUT (A)
35
40
45
FIGURE 39. IMON, VID = 1.075V
Page 32 of 37
50
ISL62883, ISL62883B
Typical Performance (Continued)
FIGURE 40. LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE WITH OVERSHOOT
REDUCTION FUNCTION DISABLED, VIN = 12V, SV
CLARKSFIELD CPU TEST CONDITION: VID = 0.95V,
IO = 12A/51A, di/dt = “FASTEST”, LL = 1.9m
FIGURE 41. LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE WITH OVERSHOOT
REDUCTION FUNCTION DISABLED, VIN = 12V, SV
CLARKSFIELD CPU TEST CONDITION: VID = 0.95V,
IO = 12A/51A, di/dt = “FASTEST”, LL = 1.9m
FIGURE 42. LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE WITH OVERSHOOT
REDUCTION FUNCTION DISABLED, VIN = 12V, SV
CLARKSFIELD CPU TEST CONDITION: VID = 0.95V,
IO = 12A/51A, di/dt = “FASTEST”, LL = 1.9m
FIGURE 43. LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE WITH OVERSHOOT
REDUCTION FUNCTION DISABLED, VIN = 12V, SV
CLARKSFIELD CPU TEST CONDITION: VID = 0.95V,
IO = 12A/51A, di/dt = “FASTEST”, LL = 1.9m
FIGURE 44. 2-PHASE MODE LOAD INSERTION RESPONSE WITH
OVERSHOOT REDUCTION FUNCTION DISABLED,
3-PHASE CONFIGURATION, PSI# = 0, DPRSLPVR =
0, VIN = 12V, VID = 0.875V, IO = 4A/17A,
di/d = “FASTEST
FIGURE 45. 2-PHASE MODE LOAD INSERTION RESPONSE WITH
OVERSHOOT REDUCTION FUNCTION DISABLED,
3-PHASE CONFIGURATION, PSI# = 0, DPRSLPVR=0,
VIN = 12V, VID = 0.875V, IO = 4A/17A, di/dt =
“FASTEST”
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
Page 33 of 37
ISL62883, ISL62883B
Typical Performance (Continued)
FIGURE 46. PHASE ADDING/DROPPING (PSI# TOGGLE),
IO = 15A, VID = 1.075V, Ch1: PHASE1, Ch2: VO,
Ch3: PHASE2, Ch4: PHASE3
FIGURE 47. DEEPER SLEEP MODE ENTRY/EXIT,
IO = 1.5A, HFM VID = 1.075V, LFM VID = 0.875V,
DEEPER SLEEP VID = 0.875V, Ch1: PHASE1, Ch2:
VO, Ch3: PHASE2, Ch4: PHASE3
FIGURE 48. VID ON THE FLY, 1.075V/0.875V, 3-PHASE
CONFIGURATION, PSI#=1, DPRSLPVR=0, Ch1:
PHASE1, Ch2: VO, Ch3: PHASE2, Ch4: PHASE3
FIGURE 49. VID ON THE FLY, 1.075V/0.875V, 3-PHASE
CONFIGURATION, PSI#=0, DPRSLPVR=0, Ch1:
PHASE1, Ch2: VO, Ch3: PHASE2, Ch4: PHASE3
FIGURE 50. VID ON THE FLY, 1.075V/0.875V, 3-PHASE
CONFIGURATION, PSI# = 0, DPRSLPVR = 1, Ch1:
PHASE1, Ch2: VO, Ch3: PHASE2, Ch4: PHASE3
FIGURE 51. VID ON THE FLY, 1.075V/0.875V, 3-PHASE
CONFIGURATION, PSI# = 1, DPRSLPVR = 1, Ch1:
PHASE1, Ch2: VO, Ch3: PHASE2, Ch4: PHASE3
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
Page 34 of 37
ISL62883, ISL62883B
Typical Performance (Continued)
Phase Margin
Gain
FIGURE 53. REFERENCE DESIGN LOOP GAIN T2(s)
MEASUREMENT RESULT
1000
5.0
900
4.5
800
4.0
700
3.5
600
3.0
500
VIN = 19V
400
300
SPEC
2.0
1.0
VIN = 8V
100
5
10
15
20
PSI# = 0, DPRSLPVR = 0, 2-PHASE CCM
2.5
1.5
VIN = 12V
200
0
0
Z(f) (mΩ)
IMON-VSSSENSE (mV)
FIGURE 52. LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE WITH OVERSHOOT
REDUCTION FUNCTION ENABLED, VIN = 12V, SV
CLARKSFIELD CPU TEST CONDITION: VID = 0.95V,
IO = 12A/51A, di/dt = “FASTEST”, LL = 1.9m,
Ch1: LGATE1, Ch2: VO, Ch3: LGATE2, Ch4: ISL6208
LGATE
PSI# = 1, DPRSLPVR = 0, 3-PHASE CCM
0.5
25
30
IOUT (A)
35
FIGURE 54. IMON, VID = 1.075V
40
45
50
0.0
1k
100k
10k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
1M
FIGURE 55. REFERENCE DESIGN FDIM RESULT
© Copyright Intersil Americas LLC 2009-2011. All Rights Reserved.
All trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
For additional products, see www.intersil.com/en/products.html
Intersil products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9001 quality systems as noted
in the quality certifications found at www.intersil.com/en/support/qualandreliability.html
Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil may modify the circuit design and/or specifications of products at any time without notice, provided that such
modification does not, in Intersil's sole judgment, affect the form, fit or function of the product. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that datasheets are
current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its
subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or
otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries.
For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
Page 35 of 37
ISL62883, ISL62883B
Package Outline Drawing
L40.5x5
40 LEAD THIN QUAD FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE
Rev 1, 9/10
5.00
4X 3.60
A
B
36X 0.40
6
PIN #1 INDEX AREA
(4X)
3.50
5.00
6
PIN 1
INDEX AREA
0.15
40X 0.4± 0 .1
BOTTOM VIEW
TOP VIEW
0.20
b
4
0.10 M C A B
PACKAGE OUTLINE
0.40
0.750
SEE DETAIL “X”
SIDE VIEW
3.50
5.00
0.050
// 0.10 C
C
BASE PLANE
SEATING PLANE
0.08 C
(36X 0.40
0.2 REF
(40X 0.20)
C
(40X 0.60)
5
0.00 MIN
0.05 MAX
TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN
DETAIL "X"
NOTES:
1.
Dimensions are in millimeters.
Dimensions in ( ) for Reference Only.
2.
Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to AMSE Y14.5m-1994.
3.
Unless otherwise specified, tolerance : Decimal ± 0.05
4.
Dimension b applies to the metallized terminal and is measured
between 0.15mm and 0.27mm from the terminal tip.
5.
Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature.
6.
The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be
located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 identifier may be
7.
JEDEC reference drawing: MO-220WHHE-1
either a mold or mark feature.
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
Page 36 of 37
ISL62883, ISL62883B
Package Outline Drawing
L48.6x6
48 LEAD THIN QUAD FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE
Rev 1, 4/07
4X 4.4
6.00
44X 0.40
A
B
6
PIN 1
INDEX AREA
6
PIN #1 INDEX AREA
48
37
1
6.00
36
4 .40 ± 0.15
25
12
0.15
(4X)
13
24
0.10 M C A B
0.05 M C
TOP VIEW
48X 0.45 ± 0.10
4 48X 0.20
BOTTOM VIEW
SEE DETAIL "X"
0.10 C
BASE PLANE
MAX 0.80
(
SEATING PLANE
0.08 C
( 44 X 0 . 40 )
( 5. 75 TYP )
C
SIDE VIEW
4. 40 )
C
0 . 2 REF
5
( 48X 0 . 20 )
( 48X 0 . 65 )
0 . 00 MIN.
0 . 05 MAX.
DETAIL "X"
TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN
NOTES:
1. Dimensions are in millimeters.
Dimensions in ( ) for Reference Only.
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to AMSE Y14.5m-1994.
3. Unless otherwise specified, tolerance : Decimal ± 0.05
4. Dimension b applies to the metallized terminal and is measured
between 0.15mm and 0.30mm from the terminal tip.
5. Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature.
6. The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be
located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 identifier may be
either a mold or mark feature.
FN6891 Rev 4.00
June 21, 2011
Page 37 of 37
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