LM2585 www.ti.com SNVS120F – APRIL 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2013 LM2585 SIMPLE SWITCHER® 3A Flyback Regulator Check for Samples: LM2585 FEATURES DESCRIPTION • Requires Few External Components • Family of Standard Inductors and Transformers • NPN Output Switches 3.0A, Can Stand Off 65V • Wide Input Voltage Range: 4V to 40V • Current-mode Operation for Improved Transient Response, Line Regulation, and Current Limit • 100 kHz Switching Frequency • Internal Soft-start Function Reduces In-rush Current During Start-up • Output Transistor Protected by Current Limit, Under Voltage Lockout, and Thermal Shutdown • System Output Voltage Tolerance of ±4% Max Over Line and Load Conditions The LM2585 series of regulators are monolithic integrated circuits specifically designed for flyback, step-up (boost), and forward converter applications. The device is available in 4 different output voltage versions: 3.3V, 5.0V, 12V, and adjustable. 1 234 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS • • • • Flyback Regulator Multiple-output Regulator Simple Boost Regulator Forward Converter Requiring a minimum number of external components, these regulators are cost effective, and simple to use. Included in the datasheet are typical circuits of boost and flyback regulators. Also listed are selector guides for diodes and capacitors and a family of standard inductors and flyback transformers designed to work with these switching regulators. The power switch is a 3.0A NPN device that can stand-off 65V. Protecting the power switch are current and thermal limiting circuits, and an undervoltage lockout circuit. This IC contains a 100 kHz fixedfrequency internal oscillator that permits the use of small magnetics. Other features include soft start mode to reduce in-rush current during start up, current mode control for improved rejection of input voltage and output load transients and cycle-by-cycle current limiting. An output voltage tolerance of ±4%, within specified input voltages and output load conditions, is specified for the power supply system. Connection Diagrams Figure 1. Bent, Staggered Leads 5-Lead TO-220 Top View See NDH005D Package Figure 3. Bent, Staggered Leads 5-Lead TO-220 Side View See NDH005D Package Figure 4. 5-Lead DDPAK/TO-263 Side View See KTT Package Figure 2. 5-Lead DDPAK/TO-263 Top View See KTT Package 1 2 3 4 Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. Switchers Made Simple is a trademark of Texas Instruments. SIMPLE SWITCHER is a registered trademark of Texas Instruments. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated LM2585 SNVS120F – APRIL 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates. Absolute Maximum Ratings (1) (2) −0.4V ≤ VIN ≤ 45V Input Voltage −0.4V ≤ VSW ≤ 65V Switch Voltage Switch Current (3) Internally Limited −0.4V ≤ VCOMP ≤ 2.4V Compensation Pin Voltage Feedback Pin Voltage −0.4V ≤ VFB ≤ 2V Storage Temperature Range −65°C to +150°C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.) Maximum Junction Temperature (4) Power Dissipation (1) (2) (3) (4) 150°C (4) Minimum ESD Rating 260°C Internally Limited (C = 100 pF, R = 1.5 kΩ) 2 kV Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating ratings indicate conditions the device is intended to be functional, but device parameter specifications may not be specified under these conditions. For specifications and test conditions see Electrical Characteristics (All Versions). If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the Texas Instruments Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. Note that switch current and output current are not identical in a step-up regulator. Output current cannot be internally limited when the LM2585 is used as a step-up regulator. To prevent damage to the switch, the output current must be externally limited to 3A. However, output current is internally limited when the LM2585 is used as a flyback regulator (See Application Hints for more information). The junction temperature of the device (TJ) is a function of the ambient temperature (TA), the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (θJA), and the power dissipation of the device (PD). A thermal shutdown will occur if the temperature exceeds the maximum junction temperature of the device: PD × θJA + TA(MAX) ≥ TJ(MAX). For a safe thermal design, check that the maximum power dissipated by the device is less than: PD ≤ [TJ(MAX) − TA(MAX))]/θJA. When calculating the maximum allowable power dissipation, derate the maximum junction temperature—this ensures a margin of safety in the thermal design. Operating Ratings 4V ≤ VIN ≤ 40V Supply Voltage Output Switch Voltage 0V ≤ VSW ≤ 60V Output Switch Current ISW ≤ 3.0A −40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +125°C Junction Temperature Range 2 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM2585 LM2585 www.ti.com SNVS120F – APRIL 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Electrical Characteristics LM2585-3.3 Specifications with standard type face are for TJ = 25°C, and those in bold type face apply over full Operating Temperature Range. Unless otherwise specified, VIN = 5V. Symbol Parameters Conditions SYSTEM PARAMETERS Test Circuit of Figure 19 VOUT Output Voltage ΔVOUT/ Line Regulation Typical Min Max Units 3.3 3.17/3.14 3.43/3.46 V 20 50/100 mV 20 50/100 mV (1) VIN = 4V to 12V ILOAD = 0.3A to 1.2A VIN = 4V to 12V ΔVIN ΔVOUT/ ILOAD = 0.3A Load Regulation VIN = 12V ΔILOAD η ILOAD = 0.3A to 1.2A Efficiency VIN = 5V, ILOAD = 0.3A 76 Output Reference Measured at Feedback Pin 3.3 Voltage VCOMP = 1.0V Reference Voltage VIN = 4V to 40V % UNIQUE DEVICE PARAMETERS (2) VREF ΔVREF 3.242/3.234 3.358/3.366 V 2.0 mV Line Regulation GM AVOL (1) Error Amp ICOMP = −30 μA to +30 μA Transconductance VCOMP = 1.0V Error Amp VCOMP = 0.5V to 1.6V Voltage Gain RCOMP = 1.0 MΩ 1.193 0.678 260 151/75 2.259 mmho V/V (3) External components such as the diode, inductor, input and output capacitors can affect switching regulator performance. When the LM2585 is used as shown in Figure 19 and Figure 20, system performance will be as specified by the system parameters. All room temperature limits are 100% production tested, and all limits at temperature extremes are specified via correlation using standard Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. A 1.0 MΩ resistor is connected to the compensation pin (which is the error amplifier output) to ensure accuracy in measuring AVOL. (2) (3) LM2585-5.0 Symbol Parameters Conditions SYSTEM PARAMETERS Test Circuit of Figure 19 VOUT Output Voltage Typical Min Max Units 5.0 4.80/4.75 5.20/5.25 V 20 50/100 mV 20 50/100 mV (1) VIN = 4V to 12V ILOAD = 0.3A to 1.1A ΔVOUT/ Line Regulation VIN = 4V to 12V ΔVIN ΔVOUT/ ILOAD = 0.3A Load Regulation VIN = 12V ΔILOAD η ILOAD = 0.3A to 1.1A Efficiency VIN = 12V, ILOAD = 0.6A 80 Output Reference Measured at Feedback Pin 5.0 Voltage VCOMP = 1.0V Reference Voltage VIN = 4V to 40V UNIQUE DEVICE PARAMETERS VREF ΔVREF % (2) 4.913/4.900 5.088/5.100 V 3.3 mV Line Regulation GM AVOL (1) (2) (3) Error Amp ICOMP = −30 μA to +30 μA Transconductance VCOMP = 1.0V Error Amp VCOMP = 0.5V to 1.6V Voltage Gain RCOMP = 1.0 MΩ 0.750 0.447 165 99/49 1.491 mmho V/V (3) External components such as the diode, inductor, input and output capacitors can affect switching regulator performance. When the LM2585 is used as shown in Figure 19 and Figure 20, system performance will be as specified by the system parameters. All room temperature limits are 100% production tested, and all limits at temperature extremes are specified via correlation using standard Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. A 1.0 MΩ resistor is connected to the compensation pin (which is the error amplifier output) to ensure accuracy in measuring AVOL. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM2585 3 LM2585 SNVS120F – APRIL 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com LM2585-12 Symbol Parameters Conditions SYSTEM PARAMETERS Test Circuit of Figure 20 VOUT Output Voltage Typical Min Max Units 12.0 11.52/11.40 12.48/12.60 V 20 100/200 mV 20 100/200 mV (1) VIN = 4V to 10V ILOAD = 0.2A to 0.8A ΔVOUT/ Line Regulation VIN = 4V to 10V ΔVIN ILOAD = 0.2A ΔVOUT/ Load Regulation VIN = 10V ΔILOAD ILOAD = 0.2A to 0.8A η Efficiency VIN = 10V, ILOAD = 0.6A 93 % UNIQUE DEVICE PARAMETERS (2) VREF ΔVREF Output Reference Measured at Feedback Pin Voltage VCOMP = 1.0V Reference Voltage VIN = 4V to 40V 12.0 11.79/11.76 12.21/12.24 7.8 V mV Line Regulation GM AVOL Error Amp ICOMP = −30 μA to +30 μA Transconductance VCOMP = 1.0V Error Amp VCOMP = 0.5V to 1.6V Voltage Gain (1) (2) (3) RCOMP = 1.0 MΩ 0.328 0.186 70 41/21 0.621 mmho V/V (3) External components such as the diode, inductor, input and output capacitors can affect switching regulator performance. When the LM2585 is used as shown in Figure 19 and Figure 20, system performance will be as specified by the system parameters. All room temperature limits are 100% production tested, and all limits at temperature extremes are specified via correlation using standard Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. A 1.0 MΩ resistor is connected to the compensation pin (which is the error amplifier output) to ensure accuracy in measuring AVOL. LM2585-ADJ Symbol Parameters Conditions SYSTEM PARAMETERS Test Circuit of Figure 20 VOUT Output Voltage ΔVOUT/ Line Regulation Typical Min Max Units 12.0 11.52/11.40 12.48/12.60 V 20 100/200 mV 20 100/200 mV (1) VIN = 4V to 10V ILOAD = 0.2A to 0.8A VIN = 4V to 10V ΔVIN ΔVOUT/ ILOAD = 0.2A Load Regulation VIN = 10V ΔILOAD η ILOAD = 0.2A to 0.8A Efficiency UNIQUE DEVICE PARAMETERS VREF ΔVREF VIN = 10V, ILOAD = 0.6A 93 % (2) Output Reference Measured at Feedback Pin Voltage VCOMP = 1.0V Reference Voltage VIN = 4V to 40V 1.230 1.208/1.205 1.252/1.255 1.5 V mV Line Regulation GM AVOL IB Error Amp ICOMP = −30 μA to +30 μA Transconductance VCOMP = 1.0V Error Amp VCOMP = 0.5V to 1.6V Voltage Gain RCOMP = 1.0 MΩ Error Amp VCOMP = 1.0V 3.200 1.800 670 400/200 6.000 mmho V/V (3) 125 425/600 nA Input Bias Current (1) (2) (3) 4 External components such as the diode, inductor, input and output capacitors can affect switching regulator performance. When the LM2585 is used as shown in Figure 19 and Figure 20, system performance will be as specified by the system parameters. All room temperature limits are 100% production tested, and all limits at temperature extremes are specified via correlation using standard Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. A 1.0 MΩ resistor is connected to the compensation pin (which is the error amplifier output) to ensure accuracy in measuring AVOL. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM2585 LM2585 www.ti.com SNVS120F – APRIL 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Electrical Characteristics (All Versions) Symbol Parameters Conditions COMMON DEVICE PARAMETERS for all versions IS Input Supply Current Typical Min Max Units (1) (Switch Off) (2) 11 15.5/16.5 mA ISWITCH = 1.8A 50 100/115 mA 3.30 3.05 3.75 V 100 85/75 115/125 kHz VUV Input Supply Undervoltage Lockout RLOAD = 100Ω fO Oscillator Frequency Measured at Switch Pin RLOAD = 100Ω VCOMP = 1.0V fSC Short-Circuit Frequency Measured at Switch Pin RLOAD = 100Ω 25 kHz VFEEDBACK = 1.15V VEAO Error Amplifier Output Swing Upper Limit (3) 2.8 Lower Limit (2) 0.25 (4) IEAO Error Amp Output Current (Source or Sink) See ISS Soft Start Current VFEEDBACK = 0.92V 2.6/2.4 V 0.40/0.55 V 165 110/70 260/320 μA 11.0 8.0/7.0 17.0/19.0 μA 93/90 VCOMP = 1.0V D Maximum Duty Cycle RLOAD = 100Ω (3) 98 IL Switch Leakage Current Switch Off 15 VSUS Switch Sustaining Voltage dV/dT = 1.5V/ns VSAT Switch Saturation Voltage ISWITCH = 3.0A ICL NPN Switch Current Limit θJA Thermal Resistance 65 0.45 4.0 65 θJA TO-220 Package, Junction to Ambient (6) 45 θJC TO-220 Package, Junction to Case 2 θJA DDPAK/TO-263 Package, Junction to Ambient (7) 56 θJA DDPAK/TO-263 Package, Junction to Ambient (8) 35 (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) 300/600 μA VSWITCH = 60V TO-220 Package, Junction to Ambient (5) (1) % 3.0 V 0.65/0.9 V 7.0 A °C/W All room temperature limits are 100% production tested, and all limits at temperature extremes are specified via correlation using standard Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. To measure this parameter, the feedback voltage is set to a high value, depending on the output version of the device, to force the error amplifier output low. Adj: VFB = 1.41V; 3.3V: VFB = 3.80V; 5.0V: VFB = 5.75V; 12V: VFB = 13.80V. To measure this parameter, the feedback voltage is set to a low value, depending on the output version of the device, to force the error amplifier output high. Adj: VFB = 1.05V; 3.3V: VFB = 2.81V; 5.0V: VFB = 4.25V; 12V: VFB = 10.20V. To measure the worst-case error amplifier output current, the LM2585 is tested with the feedback voltage set to its low value (specified in Tablenote 3) and at its high value (specified in Tablenote 2). Junction to ambient thermal resistance (no external heat sink) for the 5 lead TO-220 package mounted vertically, with ½ inch leads in a socket, or on a PC board with minimum copper area. Junction to ambient thermal resistance (no external heat sink) for the 5 lead TO-220 package mounted vertically, with ½ inch leads soldered to a PC board containing approximately 4 square inches of (1oz.) copper area surrounding the leads. Junction to ambient thermal resistance for the 5 lead TO-263 mounted horizontally against a PC board area of 0.136 square inches (the same size as the DDPAK/TO-263 package) of 1 oz. (0.0014 in. thick) copper. Junction to ambient thermal resistance for the 5 lead TO-263 mounted horizontally against a PC board area of 0.4896 square inches (3.6 times the area of the DDPAK/TO-263 package) of 1 oz. (0.0014 in. thick) copper. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM2585 5 LM2585 SNVS120F – APRIL 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Electrical Characteristics (All Versions) (continued) Symbol Parameters Conditions Typical θJA DDPAK/TO-263 Package, Junction to Ambient (9) 26 θJC DDPAK/TO-263 Package, Junction to Case 2 (9) 6 Min Max Units Junction to ambient thermal resistance for the 5 lead TO-263 mounted horizontally against a PC board copper area of 1.0064 square inches (7.4 times the area of the DDPAK/TO-2633 package) of 1 oz. (0.0014 in. thick) copper. Additional copper area will reduce thermal resistance further. See the thermal model in Switchers Made Simple™ software. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM2585 LM2585 www.ti.com SNVS120F – APRIL 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Typical Performance Characteristics Supply Current vs Temperature Reference Voltage vs Temperature Figure 5. Figure 6. ΔReference Voltage vs Supply Voltage Supply Current vs Switch Current Figure 7. Figure 8. Current Limit vs Temperature Feedback Pin Bias Current vs Temperature Figure 9. Figure 10. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM2585 7 LM2585 SNVS120F – APRIL 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Typical Performance Characteristics (continued) 8 Switch Saturation Voltage vs Temperature Switch Transconductance vs Temperature Figure 11. Figure 12. Oscillator Frequency vs Temperature Error Amp Transconductance vs Temperature Figure 13. Figure 14. Error Amp Voltage Gain vs Temperature Short Circuit Frequency vs Temperature Figure 15. Figure 16. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM2585 LM2585 www.ti.com SNVS120F – APRIL 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Flyback Regulator Figure 17. Block Diagram For Fixed Versions 3.3V, R1 = 3.4k, R2 = 2k 5V, R1 = 6.15k, R2 = 2k 12V, R1 = 8.73k, R2 = 1k For Adj. Version R1 = Short (0Ω), R2 = Open Figure 18. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM2585 9 LM2585 SNVS120F – APRIL 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Test Circuits CIN1—100 μF, 25V Aluminum Electrolytic CIN2—0.1 μF Ceramic T—22 μH, 1:1 Schott #67141450 D—1N5820 COUT—680 μF, 16V Aluminum Electrolytic CC—0.47 μF Ceramic RC—2k Figure 19. LM2585-3.3 and LM2585-5.0 CIN1—100 μF, 25V Aluminum Electrolytic CIN2—0.1 μF Ceramic L—15 μH, Renco #RL-5472-5 D—1N5820 COUT—680 μF, 16V Aluminum Electrolytic CC—0.47 μF Ceramic RC—2k For 12V Devices: R1 = Short (0Ω) and R2 = Open For ADJ Devices: R1 = 48.75k, ±0.1% and R2 = 5.62k, ±1% Figure 20. LM2585-12 and LM2585-ADJ 10 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM2585 LM2585 www.ti.com SNVS120F – APRIL 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2013 FLYBACK REGULATOR OPERATION The LM2585 is ideally suited for use in the flyback regulator topology. The flyback regulator can produce a single output voltage, such as the one shown in Figure 21, or multiple output voltages. In Figure 21, the flyback regulator generates an output voltage that is inside the range of the input voltage. This feature is unique to flyback regulators and cannot be duplicated with buck or boost regulators. The operation of a flyback regulator is as follows (refer to Figure 21): when the switch is on, current flows through the primary winding of the transformer, T1, storing energy in the magnetic field of the transformer. Note that the primary and secondary windings are out of phase, so no current flows through the secondary when current flows through the primary. When the switch turns off, the magnetic field collapses, reversing the voltage polarity of the primary and secondary windings. Now rectifier D1 is forward biased and current flows through it, releasing the energy stored in the transformer. This produces voltage at the output. The output voltage is controlled by modulating the peak switch current. This is done by feeding back a portion of the output voltage to the error amp, which amplifies the difference between the feedback voltage and a 1.230V reference. The error amp output voltage is compared to a ramp voltage proportional to the switch current (i.e., inductor current during the switch on time). The comparator terminates the switch on time when the two voltages are equal, thereby controlling the peak switch current to maintain a constant output voltage. Figure 21. 12V Flyback Regulator Design Example As shown in Figure 21, the LM2585 can be used as a flyback regulator by using a minimum number of external components. The switching waveforms of this regulator are shown in Figure 22. Typical Performance Characteristics observed during the operation of this circuit are shown in Figure 23. A: Switch Voltage, 20 V/div B: Switch Current, 2 A/div C: Output Rectifier Current, 2 A/div D: Output Ripple Voltage, 50 mV/div AC-Coupled Horizontal: 2 μs/div Figure 22. Switching Waveforms Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM2585 11 LM2585 SNVS120F – APRIL 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Figure 23. VOUT Load Current Step Response Typical Flyback Regulator Applications Figure 24 through Figure 29 show six typical flyback applications, varying from single output to triple output. Each drawing contains the part number(s) and manufacturer(s) for every component except the transformer. For the transformer part numbers and manufacturers names, the table in Table 1. For applications with different output voltages—requiring the LM2585-ADJ—or different output configurations that do not match the standard configurations, refer to the Switchers Made Simple software. Figure 24. Single-Output Flyback Regulator 12 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM2585 LM2585 www.ti.com SNVS120F – APRIL 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Figure 25. Single-Output Flyback Regulator Figure 26. Single-Output Flyback Regulator Figure 27. Dual-Output Flyback Regulator Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM2585 13 LM2585 SNVS120F – APRIL 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Figure 28. Dual-Output Flyback Regulator Figure 29. Triple-Output Flyback Regulator 14 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM2585 LM2585 www.ti.com SNVS120F – APRIL 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2013 TRANSFORMER SELECTION (T) Table 1 lists the standard transformers available for flyback regulator applications. Included in the table are the turns ratio(s) for each transformer, as well as the output voltages, input voltage ranges, and the maximum load currents for each circuit. Table 1. Transformer Selection Table Applications Figure 24 Figure 25 Figure 26 Figure 27 Figure 28 Figure 29 Transformers T7 T7 T7 T6 T6 T5 18V–36V VIN 4V–6V 4V–6V 8V–16V 4V–6V 18V–36V VOUT1 3.3V 5V 12V 12V 12V 5V IOUT1 (Max) 1.4A 1A 0.8A 0.15A 0.6A 1.8A 1 1 1 N1 1.2 1.2 0.5 VOUT2 −12V −12V 12V IOUT2 (Max) 0.15A 0.6A 0.25A 1.2 1.2 N2 1.15 VOUT3 −12V IOUT3 (Max) 0.25A N3 1.15 Table 2. Transformer Manufacturer Guide Manufacturers' Part Numbers Transform er Type (1) (2) (3) (4) Coilcraft Coilcraft Pulse (1) (1) (2) Surface Mount Surface Mount Pulse Renco Schott (2) (3) (4) T5 Q4338-B Q4437-B PE-68413 — RL-5532 67140890 T6 Q4339-B Q4438-B PE-68414 — RL-5533 67140900 T7 S6000-A S6057-A — PE-68482 RL-5751 26606 Coilcraft Inc. Phone: (800) 322-2645 www.coilcraft.com Pulse Engineering Inc. Phone: (619) 674-8100 www.digikey.com Renco Electronics Inc. Phone: (800) 645-5828 www.cdiweb.com/renco Schott Corp. Phone: (612) 475-1173 www.schottcorp.com/ TRANSFORMER FOOTPRINTS Figure 30 through Figure 44 show the footprints of each transformer, listed in Table 1. T7 T6 Figure 30. Coilcraft S6000-A (Top View) Figure 31. Coilcraft Q4339-B (Top View) Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM2585 15 LM2585 SNVS120F – APRIL 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com T5 T5 Figure 32. Coilcraft Q4437-B (Top View) (Surface Mount) Figure 33. Coilcraft Q4338-B (Top View) T7 T6 Figure 34. Coilcraft S6057-A (Top View) (Surface Mount) Figure 35. Coilcraft Q4438-B (Top View) (Surface Mount) T7 T6 Figure 36. Pulse PE-68482 (Top View) 16 Figure 37. Pulse PE-68414 (Top View) (Surface Mount) Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM2585 LM2585 www.ti.com SNVS120F – APRIL 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2013 T5 T7 Figure 38. Pulse PE-68413 (Top View) (Surface Mount) Figure 39. Renco RL-5751 (Top View) T6 T5 Figure 40. Renco RL-5533 (Top View) Figure 41. Renco RL-5532 (Top View) T7 T6 Figure 42. Schott 26606 (Top View) Figure 43. Schott 67140900 (Top View) T5 Figure 44. Schott 67140890 (Top View) Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM2585 17 LM2585 SNVS120F – APRIL 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Step-Up (Boost) Regulator Operation Figure 45 shows the LM2585 used as a step-up (boost) regulator. This is a switching regulator that produces an output voltage greater than the input supply voltage. A brief explanation of how the LM2585 Boost Regulator works is as follows (refer to Figure 45). When the NPN switch turns on, the inductor current ramps up at the rate of VIN/L, storing energy in the inductor. When the switch turns off, the lower end of the inductor flies above VIN, discharging its current through diode (D) into the output capacitor (COUT) at a rate of (VOUT − VIN)/L. Thus, energy stored in the inductor during the switch on time is transferred to the output during the switch off time. The output voltage is controlled by adjusting the peak switch current, as described in Flyback Regulator. Figure 45. 12V Boost Regulator By adding a small number of external components (as shown in Figure 45), the LM2585 can be used to produce a regulated output voltage that is greater than the applied input voltage. The switching waveforms observed during the operation of this circuit are shown in Figure 46. Typical performance of this regulator is shown in Figure 47. A: Switch Voltage, 10 V/div B: Switch Current, 2 A/div C: Inductor Current, 2 A/div D: Output Ripple Voltage, 100 mV/div, AC-Coupled Horizontal: 2 μs/div Figure 46. Switching Waveforms Figure 47. VOUT Response to Load Current Step 18 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM2585 LM2585 www.ti.com SNVS120F – APRIL 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Typical Boost Regulator Applications Figure 48 through Figure 51 show four typical boost applications)—one fixed and three using the adjustable version of the LM2585. Each drawing contains the part number(s) and manufacturer(s) for every component. For the fixed 12V output application, the part numbers and manufacturers' names for the inductor are listed in Table 3. For applications with different output voltages, refer to the Switchers Made Simple software. Figure 48. +5V to +12V Boost Regulator Table 3 contains a table of standard inductors, by part number and corresponding manufacturer, for the fixed output regulator of Figure 48. Table 3. Inductor Selection Table Coilcraft (1) D03316-153 (1) (2) (3) (4) Pulse (2) PE-53898 Renco (3) Schott (4) Schott (Surface Mount) (4) RL-5471-7 67146510 67146540 Coilcraft Inc. Phone: (800) 322-2645 1102 Silver Lake Road, Cary, IL 60013 Fax: (708) 639-1469 Pulse Engineering Inc. Phone: (619) 674-8100 12220 World Trade Drive, San Diego, CA 92128 Fax: (619) 674-8262 Renco Electronics Inc. Phone (800) 645-5828 60 Jeffryn Blvd. East, Deer Park, NY 11729 Fax: (516) 586-5562 Schott Corp. Phone: (612) 475-1173 1000 Parkers Lane Road, Wayzata, MN 55391 Fax: (612) 475-1786 Figure 49. +12V to +24V Boost Regulator Figure 50. +24V to +36V Boost Regulator Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM2585 19 LM2585 SNVS120F – APRIL 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com *The LM2585 will require a heat sink in these applications. The size of the heat sink will depend on the maximum ambient temperature. To calculate the thermal resistance of the IC and the size of the heat sink needed, the “HEAT SINK/THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS” in the Application Hints. Figure 51. +24V to +48V Boost Regulator Application Hints Figure 52. Boost Regulator PROGRAMMING OUTPUT VOLTAGE (SELECTING R1 AND R2) Referring to the adjustable regulator in Figure 52, the output voltage is programmed by the resistors R1 and R2 by the following formula: VOUT = VREF (1 + R1/R2) where • VREF = 1.23V (1) Resistors R1 and R2 divide the output voltage down so that it can be compared with the 1.23V internal reference. With R2 between 1k and 5k, R1 is: R1 = R2 (VOUT/VREF − 1) where • VREF = 1.23V (2) For best temperature coefficient and stability with time, use 1% metal film resistors. SHORT CIRCUIT CONDITION Due to the inherent nature of boost regulators, when the output is shorted (Figure 52), current flows directly from the input, through the inductor and the diode, to the output, bypassing the switch. The current limit of the switch does not limit the output current for the entire circuit. To protect the load and prevent damage to the switch, the current must be externally limited, either by the input supply or at the output with an external current limit circuit. The external limit should be set to the maximum switch current of the device, which is 3A. 20 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM2585 LM2585 www.ti.com SNVS120F – APRIL 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2013 In a flyback regulator application (Figure 53), using the standard transformers, the LM2585 will survive a short circuit to the main output. When the output voltage drops to 80% of its nominal value, the frequency will drop to 25 kHz. With a lower frequency, off times are larger. With the longer off times, the transformer can release all of its stored energy before the switch turns back on. Hence, the switch turns on initially with zero current at its collector. In this condition, the switch current limit will limit the peak current, saving the device. Figure 53. Flyback Regulator FLYBACK REGULATOR INPUT CAPACITORS A flyback regulator draws discontinuous pulses of current from the input supply. Therefore, there are two input capacitors needed in a flyback regulator; one for energy storage and one for filtering (Figure 53). Both are required due to the inherent operation of a flyback regulator. To keep a stable or constant voltage supply to the LM2585, a storage capacitor (≥100 μF) is required. If the input source is a rectified DC supply and/or the application has a wide temperature range, the required rms current rating of the capacitor might be very large. This means a larger value of capacitance or a higher voltage rating will be needed of the input capacitor. The storage capacitor will also attenuate noise which may interfere with other circuits connected to the same input supply voltage. In addition, a small bypass capacitor is required due to the noise generated by the input current pulses. To eliminate the noise, insert a 1.0 μF ceramic capacitor between VIN and ground as close as possible to the device. SWITCH VOLTAGE LIMITS In a flyback regulator, the maximum steady-state voltage appearing at the switch, when it is off, is set by the transformer turns ratio, N, the output voltage, VOUT, and the maximum input voltage, VIN (Max): VSW(OFF) = VIN (Max) + (VOUT +VF)/N where • VF is the forward biased voltage of the output diode and is 0.5V for Schottky diodes and 0.8V for ultra-fast recovery diodes (typically). (3) In certain circuits, there exists a voltage spike, VLL, superimposed on top of the steady-state voltage (Figure 22, waveform A). Usually, this voltage spike is caused by the transformer leakage inductance and/or the output rectifier recovery time. To “clamp” the voltage at the switch from exceeding its maximum value, a transient suppressor in series with a diode is inserted across the transformer primary (as shown in the circuit on the front page and other flyback regulator circuits throughout the datasheet). The schematic in Figure 53 shows another method of clamping the switch voltage. A single voltage transient suppressor (the SA51A) is inserted at the switch pin. This method clamps the total voltage across the switch, not just the voltage across the primary. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM2585 21 LM2585 SNVS120F – APRIL 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com If poor circuit layout techniques are used (see CIRCUIT LAYOUT GUIDELINES), negative voltage transients may appear on the Switch pin (pin 4). Applying a negative voltage (with respect to the IC's ground) to any monolithic IC pin causes erratic and unpredictable operation of that IC. This holds true for the LM2585 IC as well. When used in a flyback regulator, the voltage at the Switch pin (pin 4) can go negative when the switch turns on. The “ringing” voltage at the switch pin is caused by the output diode capacitance and the transformer leakage inductance forming a resonant circuit at the secondary(ies). The resonant circuit generates the “ringing” voltage, which gets reflected back through the transformer to the switch pin. There are two common methods to avoid this problem. One is to add an RC snubber around the output rectifier(s), as in Figure 53. The values of the resistor and the capacitor must be chosen so that the voltage at the Switch pin does not drop below −0.4V. The resistor may range in value between 10Ω and 1 kΩ, and the capacitor will vary from 0.001 μF to 0.1 μF. Adding a snubber will (slightly) reduce the efficiency of the overall circuit. The other method to reduce or eliminate the “ringing” is to insert a Schottky diode clamp between pins 4 and 3 (ground), also shown in Figure 53. This prevents the voltage at pin 4 from dropping below −0.4V. The reverse voltage rating of the diode must be greater than the switch off voltage. OUTPUT VOLTAGE LIMITATIONS The maximum output voltage of a boost regulator is the maximum switch voltage minus a diode drop. In a flyback regulator, the maximum output voltage is determined by the turns ratio, N, and the duty cycle, D, by the equation: VOUT ≈ N × VIN × D/(1 − D) (4) The duty cycle of a flyback regulator is determined by the following equation: (5) Theoretically, the maximum output voltage can be as large as desired—just keep increasing the turns ratio of the transformer. However, there exists some physical limitations that prevent the turns ratio, and thus the output voltage, from increasing to infinity. The physical limitations are capacitances and inductances in the LM2585 switch, the output diode(s), and the transformer—such as reverse recovery time of the output diode (mentioned above). Figure 54. Input Line Filter NOISY INPUT LINE CONDITION A small, low-pass RC filter should be used at the input pin of the LM2585 if the input voltage has an unusual large amount of transient noise, such as with an input switch that bounces. The circuit in Figure 54 demonstrates the layout of the filter, with the capacitor placed from the input pin to ground and the resistor placed between the input supply and the input pin. Note that the values of RIN and CIN shown in the schematic are good enough for most applications, but some readjusting might be required for a particular application. If efficiency is a major concern, replace the resistor with a small inductor (say 10 μH and rated at 100 mA). 22 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM2585 LM2585 www.ti.com SNVS120F – APRIL 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2013 STABILITY All current-mode controlled regulators can suffer from an instability, known as subharmonic oscillation, if they operate with a duty cycle above 50%. To eliminate subharmonic oscillations, a minimum value of inductance is required to ensure stability for all boost and flyback regulators. The minimum inductance is given by: where • VSAT is the switch saturation voltage and can be found in the Characteristic Curves. (6) Figure 55. Circuit Board Layout CIRCUIT LAYOUT GUIDELINES As in any switching regulator, layout is very important. Rapidly switching currents associated with wiring inductance generate voltage transients which can cause problems. For minimal inductance and ground loops, keep the length of the leads and traces as short as possible. Use single point grounding or ground plane construction for best results. Separate the signal grounds from the power grounds (as indicated in Figure 55). When using the Adjustable version, physically locate the programming resistors as near the regulator IC as possible, to keep the sensitive feedback wiring short. HEAT SINK/THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS In many cases, no heat sink is required to keep the LM2585 junction temperature within the allowed operating range. For each application, to determine whether or not a heat sink will be required, the following must be identified: 1) Maximum ambient temperature (in the application). 2) Maximum regulator power dissipation (in the application). 3) Maximum allowed junction temperature (125°C for the LM2585). For a safe, conservative design, a temperature approximately 15°C cooler than the maximum junction temperature should be selected (110°C). 4) LM2585 package thermal resistances θJA and θJC (given in the Electrical Characteristics). Total power dissipated (PD) by the LM2585 can be estimated as follows: where • • VIN is the minimum input voltage VOUT is the output voltage Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM2585 23 LM2585 SNVS120F – APRIL 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2013 • • • www.ti.com N is the transformer turns ratio D is the duty cycle ILOAD is the maximum load current (and ∑ILOAD is the sum of the maximum load currents for multiple-output flyback regulators) (7) The duty cycle is given by: where • • VF is the forward biased voltage of the diode and is typically 0.5V for Schottky diodes and 0.8V for fast recovery diodes VSAT is the switch saturation voltage and can be found in the Characteristic Curves (8) When no heat sink is used, the junction temperature rise is: ΔTJ = PD × θJA. (9) Adding the junction temperature rise to the maximum ambient temperature gives the actual operating junction temperature: TJ = ΔTJ + TA. (10) If the operating junction temperature exceeds the maximum junction temperatue in item 3 above, then a heat sink is required. When using a heat sink, the junction temperature rise can be determined by the following: ΔTJ = PD × (θJC + θInterface + θHeat Sink) (11) Again, the operating junction temperature will be: TJ = ΔTJ + TA (12) As before, if the maximum junction temperature is exceeded, a larger heat sink is required (one that has a lower thermal resistance). Included in the Switchers Made Simple design software is a more precise (non-linear) thermal model that can be used to determine junction temperature with different input-output parameters or different component values. It can also calculate the heat sink thermal resistance required to maintain the regulator junction temperature below the maximum operating temperature. To further simplify the flyback regulator design procedure, Texas Instruments is making available computer design software to be used with the Simple Switcher line of switching regulators. Switchers Made Simple available on a 3½″ diskette for IBM compatible computers from a Texas Instruments sales office in your area or the Texas Instruments Customer Response Center ((800) 477-8924). 24 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM2585 LM2585 www.ti.com SNVS120F – APRIL 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2013 REVISION HISTORY Changes from Revision E (April 2013) to Revision F • Page Changed layout of National Data Sheet to TI format .......................................................................................................... 24 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM2585 25 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 1-Nov-2015 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Pins Package Drawing Qty Eco Plan Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (2) (6) (3) Op Temp (°C) Device Marking (4/5) LM2585S-12/NOPB ACTIVE DDPAK/ TO-263 KTT 5 45 Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt) CU SN Level-3-245C-168 HR -40 to 125 LM2585S -12 P+ LM2585S-3.3/NOPB ACTIVE DDPAK/ TO-263 KTT 5 45 Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt) CU SN Level-3-245C-168 HR -40 to 125 LM2585S -3.3 P+ LM2585S-5.0/NOPB ACTIVE DDPAK/ TO-263 KTT 5 45 Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt) CU SN Level-3-245C-168 HR -40 to 125 LM2585S -5.0 P+ LM2585S-ADJ NRND DDPAK/ TO-263 KTT 5 45 TBD Call TI Call TI -40 to 125 LM2585S -ADJ P+ LM2585S-ADJ/NOPB ACTIVE DDPAK/ TO-263 KTT 5 45 Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt) CU SN Level-3-245C-168 HR -40 to 125 LM2585S -ADJ P+ LM2585SX-12/NOPB ACTIVE DDPAK/ TO-263 KTT 5 500 Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt) CU SN Level-3-245C-168 HR -40 to 125 LM2585S -12 P+ LM2585SX-5.0 NRND DDPAK/ TO-263 KTT 5 500 TBD Call TI Call TI -40 to 125 LM2585S -5.0 P+ LM2585SX-5.0/NOPB ACTIVE DDPAK/ TO-263 KTT 5 500 Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt) CU SN Level-3-245C-168 HR -40 to 125 LM2585S -5.0 P+ LM2585SX-ADJ NRND DDPAK/ TO-263 KTT 5 TBD Call TI Call TI -40 to 125 LM2585S -ADJ P+ LM2585SX-ADJ/NOPB ACTIVE DDPAK/ TO-263 KTT 5 500 Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt) CU SN Level-3-245C-168 HR -40 to 125 LM2585S -ADJ P+ LM2585T-12/NOPB ACTIVE TO-220 NDH 5 45 Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt) CU SN Level-1-NA-UNLIM -40 to 125 LM2585T -12 P+ LM2585T-3.3/NOPB ACTIVE TO-220 NDH 5 45 Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt) CU SN Level-1-NA-UNLIM -40 to 125 LM2585T -3.3 P+ LM2585T-5.0/NOPB ACTIVE TO-220 NDH 5 45 Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt) CU SN Level-1-NA-UNLIM -40 to 125 LM2585T -5.0 P+ LM2585T-ADJ NRND TO-220 NDH 5 45 TBD Call TI Call TI -40 to 125 LM2585T -ADJ P+ LM2585T-ADJ/NOPB ACTIVE TO-220 NDH 5 45 Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt) CU SN Level-1-NA-UNLIM -40 to 125 LM2585T -ADJ P+ (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. Addendum-Page 1 Samples PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 1-Nov-2015 PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. (4) There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device. (5) Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device. (6) Lead/Ball Finish - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead/Ball Finish values may wrap to two lines if the finish value exceeds the maximum column width. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release. 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Addendum-Page 2 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 2-Sep-2015 TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Package Pins Type Drawing SPQ Reel Reel A0 Diameter Width (mm) (mm) W1 (mm) B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) W Pin1 (mm) Quadrant LM2585SX-12/NOPB DDPAK/ TO-263 KTT 5 500 330.0 24.4 10.75 14.85 5.0 16.0 24.0 Q2 LM2585SX-5.0 DDPAK/ TO-263 KTT 5 500 330.0 24.4 10.75 14.85 5.0 16.0 24.0 Q2 LM2585SX-5.0/NOPB DDPAK/ TO-263 KTT 5 500 330.0 24.4 10.75 14.85 5.0 16.0 24.0 Q2 LM2585SX-ADJ/NOPB DDPAK/ TO-263 KTT 5 500 330.0 24.4 10.75 14.85 5.0 16.0 24.0 Q2 Pack Materials-Page 1 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 2-Sep-2015 *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) LM2585SX-12/NOPB DDPAK/TO-263 KTT 5 500 367.0 367.0 45.0 LM2585SX-5.0 DDPAK/TO-263 KTT 5 500 367.0 367.0 45.0 LM2585SX-5.0/NOPB DDPAK/TO-263 KTT 5 500 367.0 367.0 45.0 LM2585SX-ADJ/NOPB DDPAK/TO-263 KTT 5 500 367.0 367.0 45.0 Pack Materials-Page 2 MECHANICAL DATA NDH0005D www.ti.com MECHANICAL DATA KTT0005B TS5B (Rev D) BOTTOM SIDE OF PACKAGE www.ti.com IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, enhancements, improvements and other changes to its semiconductor products and services per JESD46, latest issue, and to discontinue any product or service per JESD48, latest issue. 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