ETC AKD5357 24 bit 96 khz adc Datasheet

ASAHI KASEI
[AK5357]
AK5357
24Bit 96kHz ∆Σ ADC
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The AK5357 is a stereo A/D Converter with wide sampling rate of 4kHz ∼ 96kHz and is suitable for
multimedia audio system. The AK5357 achieves high accuracy and low cost by using Enhanced dual bit
∆Σ techniques. The AK5357 requires no external components because the analog inputs are
single-ended. The audio interface has two formats (MSB justified, I2S) and can correspond to many
systems like Karaoke, surround.
FEATURES
† Stereo ∆Σ ADC
† On-Chip Digital Anti-Alias Filtering
† Single-ended Input
† Digital HPF for DC-Offset cancel
† S/(N+D): 88dB@5V, 86dB@3V for 48kHz
† DR:
102dB@5V, 100dB@3V for 48kHz
† S/N:
102dB@5V, 100dB@3V for 48kHz
† Sampling Rate Ranging from 4kHz to 96kHz
† Master Clock:
256fs/384fs/512fs/768fs (4kHz ∼ 48kHz)
256fs/384fs
(48kHz ∼ 96kHz)
† Input level: TTL/CMOS selectable
† Master / Slave Mode
† Audio Interface: 24bit MSB justified / I2S selectable
† Power Supply: 2.7 ∼ 5.5V
† Ta = −40 ∼ 85°C
† Small 16pin TSSOP Package
† AK5381 Pin-compatible
VA AGND
MCLK
VD DGND
Clock Divider
AINL
AINR
VCOM
∆Σ
Modulator
Decimation
Filter
∆Σ
Modulator
Decimation
Filter
LRCK
SCLK
Serial I/O
Interface
Voltage Reference
CKS2 CKS1 CKS0
PDN
MS0294-E-00
SDTO
DIF
2004/02
-1-
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5357]
„ Ordering Guide
AK5357VT
AKD5357
−40 ∼ +85°C
16pin TSSOP (0.65mm pitch)
Evaluation Board for AK5357
„ Pin Layout
AINR
1
16
CKS0
AINL
2
15
CKS2
CKS1
3
14
DIF
VCOM
4
13
PDN
AGND
5
12
SCLK
VA
6
11
MCLK
VD
7
10
LRCK
DGND
8
9
SDTO
Top View
„ Compatibility with AK5353 and AK5381
S/(N+D)
DR
Master Mode
HPF OFF
TTL Level Mode
VIH@TTL Level Mode
VA (Analog Supply)
VD (Digital Supply)
Pin #3
Pin #15
Pin #16
AK5353
84dB
96dB
Not Available
Not Available
4kHz to 96kHz
2.2V
2.7 to 5.5V@fs=48kHz
4.5 to 5.5V@fs=96kHz
4.5 to 5.5V@fs=96kHz
VREF
TTL
TST
AK5381
96dB
106dB
Available
Available
4kHz to 48kHz
2.4V
AK5357
88dB
102dB
Available
Available
4kHz to 96kHz
2.2V
4.5 to 5.5V@fs=48/96kHz
2.7 to 5.5V@fs=48/96kHz
3.0 to 5.5V@fs=96kHz
CKS1
CKS2
CKS0
2.7 to 5.5V@fs=96kHz
CKS1
CKS2
CKS0
MS0294-E-00
2004/02
-2-
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5357]
PIN / FUNCTION
No.
Pin Name
I/O
1
2
3
AINR
AINL
CKS1
I
I
I
4
VCOM
O
5
6
7
8
AGND
VA
VD
DGND
-
9
SDTO
O
10
LRCK
I/O
11
MCLK
I
12
SCLK
I/O
13
PDN
I
14
DIF
I
15
16
CKS2
CKS0
I
I
Function
Rch Analog Input Pin
Lch Analog Input Pin
Mode Select 1 Pin
Common Voltage Output Pin, VA/2
Bias voltage of ADC input.
Analog Ground Pin
Analog Power Supply Pin, 2.7 ∼ 5.5V
Digital Power Supply Pin, 2.7 ∼ 5.5V
Digital Ground Pin
Audio Serial Data Output Pin
“L” Output at Power-down mode.
Output Channel Clock Pin
“L” Output in Master Mode at Power-down mode.
Master Clock Input Pin
Audio Serial Data Clock Pin
“L” Output in Master Mode at Power-down mode.
Power Down Mode Pin
“H”: Power up, “L”: Power down
Audio Interface Format Pin
“H” : 24bit I2S Compatible, “L” : 24bit MSB justified
Mode Select 2 Pin
Mode Select 0 Pin
Note: All digital input pins should not be left floating.
„ Handling of Unused Pin
The unused input pins should be processed appropriately as below.
Classification
Analog
Pin Name
AINL
AINR
MS0294-E-00
Setting
This pin should be open.
This pin should be open.
2004/02
-3-
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5357]
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
(AGND, DGND=0V; Note 1)
Parameter
Symbol
Power Supplies:
Analog
VA
Digital
VD
|AGND – DGND|
(Note 2)
∆GND
Input Current, Any Pin Except Supplies
IIN
Analog Input Voltage (AINL, AINR, CKS1 pins)
VINA
Digital Input Voltage (All digital input pins)
VIND
Ambient Temperature (powered applied)
Ta
Storage Temperature
Tstg
min
−0.3
−0.3
−0.3
−0.3
−40
−65
max
6.0
6.0
0.3
±10
VA+0.3
VD+0.3
85
150
Units
V
V
V
mA
V
V
°C
°C
Note 1. All voltages with respect to ground.
Note 2. AGND and DGND must be connected to the same analog ground plane.
WARNING: Operation at or beyond these limits may result in permanent damage to the device.
Normal operation is not guaranteed at these extremes.
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
(AGND, DGND=0V; Note 1)
Parameter
Power Supplies Analog
(Note 3)
Digital
Symbol
VA
VD
min
2.7
2.7
typ
5.0
5.0
max
5.5
VA
Units
V
V
Note 1. All voltages with respect to ground.
Note 3. The power up sequence between VA and VD is not critical.
WARNING: AKM assumes no responsibility for the usage beyond the conditions in this datasheet.
MS0294-E-00
2004/02
-4-
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5357]
ANALOG CHARACTERISTICS
(Ta=25°C; VA=VD=5.0V; AGND=DGND=0V; fs=48kHz, 96kHz; SCLK=64fs; Signal Frequency=1kHz; 24bit Data;
Measurement frequency=20Hz ∼ 20kHz at fs=48kHz, 40Hz ∼ 40kHz at fs=96kHz; unless otherwise specified)
Parameter
min
typ
max
Units
ADC Analog Input Characteristics:
Resolution
24
Bits
Input Voltage
(Note 4) VA=5V
2.7
3.0
3.3
Vpp
VA=3V
1.8
Vpp
VA=5V
fs=48kHz
78
88
dB
S/(N+D)
(−1dBFS)
fs=96kHz
86
dB
VA=3V
fs=48kHz
86
dB
fs=96kHz
84
dB
fs=48kHz, A-weighted
94
102
dB
DR
(−60dBFS) VA=5V
fs=96kHz
88
97
dB
VA=3V
fs=48kHz, A-weighted
100
dB
fs=96kHz
95
dB
VA=5V
S/N
fs=48kHz, A-weighted
94
102
dB
fs=96kHz
88
97
dB
VA=3V
fs=48kHz, A-weighted
100
dB
fs=96kHz
95
dB
Input Resistance
fs=48kHz
13
20
kΩ
fs=96kHz
9
14
kΩ
Interchannel Isolation
90
110
dB
Interchannel Gain Mismatch
0.1
0.5
dB
Gain Drift
100
ppm/°C
Power Supply Rejection
(Note 5)
50
dB
Power Supplies
Power Supply Current
Normal Operation (PDN pin = “H”)
VA
VD
(fs=48kHz)
VD
(fs=96kHz)
Power down mode (PDN pin = “L”)
VA+VD
(Note 6)
(Note 7)
(Note 8)
11
3
6
17
5
9
mA
mA
mA
10
100
µA
Note 4. This value is the full scale (0dB) of the input voltage. Input voltage is proportional to VA voltage.
Vin = 0.6 x VA (Vpp).
Note 5. PSR is applied to VA and VD with 1kHz, 50mVpp.
Note 6. VD=2mA@3V
Note 7. VD=4mA@3V
Note 8. All digital input pins are held VD or DGND.
MS0294-E-00
2004/02
-5-
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5357]
FILTER CHARACTERISTICS (fs=48kHz)
(Ta=−40 ∼ 85°C; VA, VD=2.7 ∼ 5.5V)
Parameter
Symbol
min
typ
ADC Digital Filter (Decimation LPF):
Passband
(Note 9) ±0.1dB
PB
0
−0.2dB
20.0
−3.0dB
23.0
Stopband
SB
28
Passband Ripple
PR
Stopband Attenuation
SA
68
Group Delay Distortion
∆GD
0
Group Delay
(Note 10)
GD
16
ADC Digital Filter (HPF):
Frequency Response (Note 9) −3dB
FR
1.0
−0.1dB
6.5
FILTER CHARACTERISTICS (fs=96kHz)
(Ta=−40 ∼ 85°C; VA, VD=2.7 ∼ 5.5V)
Parameter
Symbol
min
typ
ADC Digital Filter (Decimation LPF):
Passband
(Note 9) ±0.1dB
PB
0
−0.2dB
40.0
−3.0dB
46.0
Stopband
SB
56
Passband Ripple
PR
Stopband Attenuation
SA
68
Group Delay Distortion
∆GD
0
Group Delay
(Note 10)
GD
16
ADC Digital Filter (HPF):
Frequency Response (Note 9) −3dB
FR
2.0
−0.1dB
13.0
max
Units
18.9
-
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
dB
dB
µs
1/fs
±0.04
Hz
Hz
max
Units
37.8
-
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
dB
dB
µs
1/fs
±0.04
Hz
Hz
Note 9. The passband and stopband frequencies scale with fs.
For example, PB=18.9kHz@±0.1dB is 0.39375 × fs.
Note 10. The calculated delay time induced by digital filtering. This time is from the input of an analog signal to the
setting of 24bit data both channels to the ADC output register for ADC.
MS0294-E-00
2004/02
-6-
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5357]
DC CHARACTERISTICS (CMOS Level Mode)
(Ta=−40 ∼ 85°C; VA, VD=2.7 ∼ 5.5V)
Parameter
Symbol
min
typ
High-Level Input Voltage
VIH
70%VD
Low-Level Input Voltage
VIL
High-Level Output Voltage
(Iout=−1mA)
VOH
VD−0.5
Low-Level Output Voltage
(Iout=1mA)
VOL
Input Leakage Current
Iin
-
max
30%VD
0.5
±10
Units
V
V
V
V
µA
DC CHARACTERISTICS (TTL Level Mode)
(Ta=−40 ∼ 85°C; VA, VD=4.5 ∼ 5.5V)
Parameter
Symbol
min
typ
High-Level Input Voltage
(CKS2-0 pins)
VIH
70%VD
(All pins except CKS2-0 pins)
VIH
2.2
Low-Level Input Voltage
(CKS2-0 pins)
VIL
(All pins except CKS2-0 pins)
VIL
High-Level Output Voltage
(Iout=−1mA)
VOH
VD−0.5
Low-Level Output Voltage
(Iout=1mA)
VOL
Input Leakage Current
Iin
-
max
30%VD
0.8
0.5
±10
Units
V
V
V
V
V
V
µA
MS0294-E-00
2004/02
-7-
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5357]
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS
(Ta=−40 ∼ 85°C; VA, VD=2.7 ∼ 5.5V; CL=20pF)
Parameter
Symbol
min
Master Clock Timing
Frequency
fCLK
1.024
Pulse Width Low
tCLKL
0.4/fCLK
Pulse Width High
tCLKH
0.4/fCLK
LRCK Frequency
Duty Cycle
fs
Slave mode
Master mode
typ
4
45
max
Units
36.864
MHz
ns
ns
96
55
kHz
%
%
50
Audio Interface Timing
Slave mode
SCLK Period
SCLK Pulse Width Low
Pulse Width High
LRCK Edge to SCLK “↑”
(Note 11)
SCLK “↑” to LRCK Edge
(Note 11)
LRCK to SDTO (MSB) (Except I2S mode)
SCLK “↓” to SDTO
Master mode
SCLK Frequency
SCLK Duty
SCLK “↓” to LRCK
SCLK “↓” to SDTO
fSCK
dSCK
tMSLR
tSSD
Reset Timing
PDN Pulse Width
(Note 12)
PDN “↑” to SDTO valid at Slave Mode (Note 13)
PDN “↑” to SDTO valid at Master Mode (Note 13)
tPD
tPDV
tPDV
tSCK
tSCKL
tSCKH
tLRSH
tSHLR
tLRS
tSSD
160
65
65
30
30
35
35
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
20
35
Hz
%
ns
ns
64fs
50
−20
−20
150
4132
4129
ns
1/fs
1/fs
Note 11. SCLK rising edge must not occur at the same time as LRCK edge.
Note 12. The AK5357 can be reset by bringing the PDN pin = “L”.
Note 13. This cycle is the number of LRCK rising edges from the PDN pin = “H”.
MS0294-E-00
2004/02
-8-
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5357]
„ Timing Diagram
1/fCLK
VIH
MCLK
VIL
tCLKH
tCLKL
1/fs
VIH
LRCK
VIL
tSCK
VIH
SCLK
VIL
tSCKH
tSCKL
Clock Timing
VIH
LRCK
VIL
tSHLR
tLRSH
VIH
SCLK
VIL
tSSD
tLRS
SDTO
50%VD
Audio Interface Timing (Slave mode)
MS0294-E-00
2004/02
-9-
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5357]
LRCK
50%VD
tMSLR
dSCK
SCLK
50%VD
tSSD
SDTO
50%VD
Audio Interface Timing (Master mode)
VIH
PDN
VIL
tPDV
SDTO
50%VD
tPD
PDN
VIL
Power Down & Reset Timing
MS0294-E-00
2004/02
- 10 -
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5357]
OPERATION OVERVIEW
„ System Clock
MCLK (256fs/384fs/512fs), SCLK and LRCK (fs) clocks are required in slave mode. The LRCK clock input must be
synchronized with MCLK, however the phase is not critical. Table 1 shows the relationship of typical sampling frequency
and the system clock frequency. MCLK frequency, SCLK frequency, HPF (ON or OFF), the input level (CMOS or TTL)
and master/slave are selected by CKS2-0 pins as shown in Table 2.
All external clocks (MCLK, SCLK and LRCK) must be present unless PDN pin = “L”. If these clocks are not provided,
the AK5357 may draw excess current due to its use of internal dynamically refreshed logic. If the external clocks are not
present, place the AK5357 in power-down mode (PDN pin = “L”). In master mode, the master clock (MCLK) must be
provided unless PDN pin = “L”.
fs
32kHz
44.1kHz
48kHz
96kHz
MCLK
256fs
384fs
512fs
8.192MHz
12.288MHz
16.384MHz
11.2896MHz
16.9344MHz
22.5792MHz
12.288MHz
18.432MHz
24.576MHz
24.576MHz
36.864MHz
N/A
Table 1. System Clock Example
CKS2
CKS1
CKS0
Input Level
L
L
L
CMOS
L
L
H
CMOS
L
L
H
H
L
H
CMOS
CMOS
H
L
L
TTL
H
H
H
L
H
H
H
L
H
CMOS
CMOS
HPF
768fs
24.576MHz
33.8688MHz
36.864MHz
N/A
Master/Slave
MCLK
256/384fs (∼ 96kHz)
ON
Slave
512/768fs (∼ 48kHz)
256/384fs (∼ 96kHz)
OFF
Slave
512/768fs (∼ 48kHz)
ON
Master
256fs (∼ 96kHz)
ON
Master
512fs (∼ 48kHz)
256/384fs (∼ 96kHz)
ON
Slave
512/768fs (∼ 48kHz)
Reserved
ON
Master
384fs (∼ 96kHz)
ON
Master
768fs (∼ 48kHz)
Table 2. Mode Select
SCLK
≥ 48fs or 32fs
≥ 48fs or 32fs
64fs
64fs
≥ 48fs or 32fs
64fs
64fs
Note: SDTO outputs 16bit data at SCLK=32fs.
„ Audio Interface Format
Two kinds of data formats can be chosen with the DIF pin (Table 3). In both modes, the serial data is in MSB first, 2’s
compliment format. The SDTO is clocked out on the falling edge of SCLK. The audio interface supports both master and
slave modes. In master mode, SCLK and LRCK are output with the SCLK frequency fixed to 64fs and the LRCK
frequency fixed to 1fs.
Mode
0
1
DIF pin
L
H
SDTO
LRCK
SCLK
24bit, MSB justified
H/L
≥ 48fs or 32fs
24bit, I2S Compatible
L/H
≥ 48fs or 32fs
Table 3. Audio Interface Format
MS0294-E-00
Figure
Figure 1
Figure 2
2004/02
- 11 -
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5357]
LRCK
0 1 2
31 0 1 2
20 21 22 23 24
20 21 22 23 24
31 0 1
BICK(64fs)
SDTO(o)
23 22
4 3 2 1 0
23 22
4 3 2 1 0
23
23:MSB, 0:LSB
Lch Data
Rch Data
Figure 1. Mode 0 Timing
LRCK
0 1 2 3
21 22 23 24 25
0 1 2
21 22 23 24 25
0 1
BICK(64fs)
SDTO(o)
23 22
4 3 2 1 0
23 22
4 3 2 1 0
23:MSB, 0:LSB
Lch Data
Rch Data
Figure 2. Mode 1 Timing
„ Digital High Pass Filter
The ADC has a digital high pass filter for DC offset cancellation. The cut-off frequency of the HPF is 1.0Hz
(@fs=48kHz) and scales with sampling rate (fs).
HPF is controlled by CKS2-0 pins (Table 2). If HPF setting (ON/OFF) is changed at operating, click noise occurs by
changing DC offset. It is recommended that HPF setting is changed at PDN pin = “L”.
MS0294-E-00
2004/02
- 12 -
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5357]
„ Power down
The AK5357 is placed in the power-down mode by bringing PDN pin “L” and the digital filter is also reset at the same
time. This reset should always be done after power-up. In the power-down mode, the VCOM are AGND level. An analog
initialization cycle starts after exiting the power-down mode. Therefore, the output data SDTO becomes available after
4129 cycles of LRCK clock in master mode or 4132 cycles of LRCK clock in slave mode. During initialization, the ADC
digital data outputs of both channels are forced to a 2’s complement “0”. The ADC outputs settle in the data
corresponding to the input signals after the end of initialization (Settling approximately takes the group delay time).
(1)
PDN
Internal
State
Normal Operation
Power-down
Initialize
Normal Operation
GD (2)
GD
A/D In
(Analog)
A/D Out
(Digital)
Clock In
MCLK,LRCK,SCLK
(3)
“0”data
Idle Noise
“0”data
Idle Noise
(4)
Notes:
(1) 4132/fs in slave mode and 4129/fs in master mode.
(2) Digital output corresponding to analog input has the group delay (GD).
(3) A/D output is “0” data at the power-down state.
(4) When the external clocks (MCLK, SCLK, LRCK) are stopped, the AK5357 should be in the power-down state.
Figure 3. Power-down/up sequence example
„ System Reset
The AK5357 should be reset once by bringing PDN pin “L” after power-up. In slave mode, the internal timing starts
clocking by the rising edge (falling edge at mode 1) of LRCK after exiting from reset and power down state by MCLK.
The AK5357 is power down state until LRCK is input. In master mode, the internal timing starts when MCLK is input.
MS0294-E-00
2004/02
- 13 -
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5357]
SYSTEM DESIGN
Figure 4 shows the system connection diagram. An evaluation board is available which demonstrates application circuits,
the optimum layout, power supply arrangements and measurement results.
Rch In
10u
+
Lch In
+
10u
0.47u
1 AINR
CKS0 16
2 AINL
CKS2 15
3 CKS1
DIF 14
4 VCOM
PDN 13
5
Analog 5V
+
10u
0.1u
+
10u
0.1u
AK5357
AGND
Mode
Control
Reset
SCLK 12
6 VA
MCLK 11
7 VD
LRCK 10
8 DGND
SDTO 9
Audio
Controller
Analog Ground
System Ground
Note:
- AGND and DGND of the AK5357 should be distributed separately from the ground of external digital devices
(MPU, DSP etc.).
- All digital input pins should not be left floating.
- The CKS1 pin should be connected to VA or AGND.
Figure 4. Typical Connection Diagram
Digital Ground
Analog Ground
System
Controller
1
AINR
CKS0 16
2
AINL
CKS2 15
3
CKS1
DIF 14
4
VCOM
PDN 13
5
AGND
SCLK 12
6
VA
MCLK 11
7
VD
LRCK 10
8
DGND
SDTO
AK5357
9
Figure 5. Ground Layout
Note:
- AGND and DGND must be connected to the same analog ground plane.
MS0294-E-00
2004/02
- 14 -
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5357]
1. Grounding and Power Supply Decoupling
The AK5357 requires careful attention to power supply and grounding arrangements. Alternatively if VA and VD are
supplied separately, the power up sequence is not critical. AGND and DGND of the AK5357 must be connected to
analog ground plane. System analog ground and digital ground should be connected together near to where the supplies
are brought onto the printed circuit board. Decoupling capacitors should be as near to the AK5357 as possible, with the
small value ceramic capacitor being the nearest.
2. Voltage Reference
The voltage input to VA sets the analog input range. VCOM are 50%VA and normally connected to AGND with a 0.1µF
ceramic capacitor. A ceramic capacitor 0.47µF attached to VCOM pin eliminates the effects of high frequency noise. No
load current may be drawn from these pins. All signals, especially clocks, should be kept away from the VCOM pin in
order to avoid unwanted coupling into the AK5357.
3. Analog Inputs
The ADC inputs are single-ended and internally biased to the common voltage (50%VA) with 20kΩ (typ@fs=48kHz)
resistance. The input signal range scales with the supply voltage and nominally 0.6xVA Vpp (typ). The ADC output data
format is 2’s complement. The DC offset is removed by the internal HPF.
The AK5357 samples the analog inputs at 64fs. The digital filter rejects noise above the stop band except for multiples of
64fs. The AK5357 includes an anti-aliasing filter (RC filter) to attenuate a noise around 64fs.
MS0294-E-00
2004/02
- 15 -
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5357]
PACKAGE
16pin TSSOP (Unit: mm)
5.0
16
1.10max
9
4.4
6.4±0.2
A
1
0.22±0.1
8
0.17±0.05
0.65
0.1±0.1
0.5±0.2
Detail A
Seating Plane
0.10
0∼10°
„ Material & Lead finish
Package molding compound:
Lead frame material:
Lead frame surface treatment:
Epoxy
Cu
Solder (Pb free) plate
MS0294-E-00
2004/02
- 16 -
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5357]
MARKING
AKM
5357VT
XXYYY
1)
2)
3)
Pin #1 indication
Date Code : XXYYY (5 digits)
XX:
Lot#
YYY: Date Code
Marketing Code : 5357VT
Revision History
Date (YY/MM/DD)
04/2/24
Revision
00
Reason
First Edition
Page
MS0294-E-00
Contents
2004/02
- 17 -
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5357]
IMPORTANT NOTICE
• These products and their specifications are subject to change without notice. Before considering any
use or application, consult the Asahi Kasei Microsystems Co., Ltd. (AKM) sales office or authorized
distributor concerning their current status.
• AKM assumes no liability for infringement of any patent, intellectual property, or other right in the
application or use of any information contained herein.
• Any export of these products, or devices or systems containing them, may require an export license
or other official approval under the law and regulations of the country of export pertaining to customs
and tariffs, currency exchange, or strategic materials.
• AKM products are neither intended nor authorized for use as critical components in any safety, life
support, or other hazard related device or system, and AKM assumes no responsibility relating to any
such use, except with the express written consent of the Representative Director of AKM. As used
here:
a. A hazard related device or system is one designed or intended for life support or maintenance of
safety or for applications in medicine, aerospace, nuclear energy, or other fields, in which its
failure to function or perform may reasonably be expected to result in loss of life or in significant
injury or damage to person or property.
b. A critical component is one whose failure to function or perform may reasonably be expected to
result, whether directly or indirectly, in the loss of the safety or effectiveness of the device or
system containing it, and which must therefore meet very high standards of performance and
reliability.
• It is the responsibility of the buyer or distributor of an AKM product who distributes, disposes of, or
otherwise places the product with a third party to notify that party in advance of the above content and
conditions, and the buyer or distributor agrees to assume any and all responsibility and liability for
and hold AKM harmless from any and all claims arising from the use of said product in the absence
of such notification.
MS0294-E-00
2004/02
- 18 -
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