LINER LT1794IFE Dual 500ma, 200mhz xdsl line driver amplifier Datasheet

LT1794
Dual 500mA, 200MHz
xDSL Line Driver Amplifier
U
FEATURES
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
DESCRIPTIO
The LT®1794 is a 500mA minimum output current, dual op
amp with outstanding distortion performance. The amplifiers are gain-of-ten stable, but can be easily compensated
for lower gains. The extended output swing allows for
lower supply rails to reduce system power. Supply current
is set with an external resistor to optimize power dissipation. The LT1794 features balanced, high impedance inputs with low input bias current and input offset voltage.
Active termination is easily implemented for further system power reduction. Short-circuit protection and thermal
shutdown insure the device’s ruggedness.
Exceeds All Requirements For Full Rate,
Downstream ADSL Line Drivers
±500mA Minimum IOUT
±11.1V Output Swing, VS = ±12V, RL = 100Ω
±10.9V Output Swing, VS = ±12V, IL = 250mA
Low Distortion: – 82dBc at 1MHz, 2VP-P Into 50Ω
Power Saving Adjustable Supply Current
Power Enhanced Small Footprint Packages:
20-Lead TSSOP and 20-Lead SW
200MHz Gain Bandwidth
500V/µs Slew Rate
Specified at ±15V, ±12V and ±5V
The outputs drive a 100Ω load to ±11.1V with ±12V
supplies, and ±10.9V with a 250mA load. The LT1794,
with its increased swing on lower supplies, can be used to
upgrade LT1795 line driver applications.
U
APPLICATIO S
■
■
■
■
High Density ADSL Central Office Line Drivers
High Efficiency ADSL, HDSL2, G.lite,
SHDSL Line Drivers
Buffers
Test Equipment Amplifiers
Cable Drivers
The LT1794 is available in the very small, thermally
enhanced, 20-lead TSSOP for maximum port density in
line driver applications. The 20-lead SW is also available.
, LTC and LT are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation.
U
■
TYPICAL APPLICATIO
High Efficiency ±12V Supply ADSL Central Office Line Driver
12V
RBIAS
24.9k
+
+IN
1/2
LT1794
SHDN
12.7Ω
–
1k
1:2*
•
•
110Ω
100Ω
1000pF
110Ω
1k
–
1/2
LT1794
–IN
+
12.7Ω
*COILCRAFT X8390-A OR EQUIVALENT
ISUPPLY = 10mA PER AMPLIFIER
WITH RBIAS = 24.9k
SHDNREF
1794 TA01
–12V
1
LT1794
U
W W
W
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
(Note 1)
Supply Voltage (V + to V –) .................................... ±18V
Input Current ..................................................... ±10mA
Output Short-Circuit Duration (Note 2) ........... Indefinite
Operating Temperature Range ............... – 40°C to 85°C
Specified Temperature Range (Note 3) .. – 40°C to 85°C
Junction Temperature .......................................... 150°C
Storage Temperature Range ................. – 65°C to 150°C
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec).................. 300°C
W
U
U
PACKAGE/ORDER INFORMATION
TOP VIEW
ORDER PART
NUMBER
ORDER PART
NUMBER
TOP VIEW
V– 1
20 V –
NC 2
19 NC
–IN 3
18 OUT
+IN 4
17 V +
V– 4
17 V –
SHDN 5
16 NC
V–
5
16 V –
SHDNREF 6
15 NC
6
15 V –
+IN 7
14 V +
V–
V–
7
14 V –
–IN 8
13 OUT
NC 9
12 NC
V – 10
11 V –
LT1794CFE
LT1794IFE
NC 1
20 NC
V+ 2
19 V +
OUT 3
–IN 8
13 –IN
+IN 9
12 +IN
SHDN 10
FE PACKAGE
20-LEAD PLASTIC TSSOP
LT1794CSW
LT1794ISW
18 OUT
11 SHDNREF
SW PACKAGE
20-LEAD PLASTIC SO
TJMAX = 150°C, θJA = 40°C/W, θJC = 3°C/W (Note 4)
UNDERSIDE METAL CONNECTED TO V–
TJMAX = 150°C, θJA = 40°C/W, θJC = 3°C/W (Note 4)
Consult factory for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full specified temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C.
VCM = 0V, pulse tested, ±5V ≤ VS ≤ ±15V, VSHDNREF = 0V, RBIAS = 24.9k between V + and SHDN unless otherwise noted. (Note 3)
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
VOS
Input Offset Voltage
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
1
5.0
7.5
mV
mV
0.3
5.0
7.5
mV
mV
●
Input Offset Voltage Matching
●
Input Offset Voltage Drift
IOS
100
500
800
nA
nA
±0.1
±4
±6
µA
µA
100
500
800
nA
nA
●
IB
Input Bias Current
●
Input Bias Current Matching
●
en
Input Noise Voltage Density
f = 10kHz
in
Input Noise Current Density
f = 10kHz
RIN
2
Input Resistance
(V + –
VCM =
2V) to
Differential
(V –+
2V)
●
µV/°C
10
●
Input Offset Current
5
UNITS
8
nV/√Hz
0.8
pA/√Hz
50
6.5
MΩ
MΩ
LT1794
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full specified temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C.
VCM = 0V, pulse tested, ±5V ≤ VS ≤ ±15V, VSHDNREF = 0V, RBIAS = 24.9k between V + and SHDN unless otherwise noted. (Note 3)
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
CIN
Input Capacitance
CMRR
PSRR
AVOL
CONDITIONS
(Note 5)
(Note 5)
Common Mode Rejection Ratio
VCM = (V + – 2V) to (V – + 2V)
Large-Signal Voltage Gain
●
●
dB
dB
70
64
82
●
dB
dB
63
57
76
●
dB
dB
60
54
70
●
dB
dB
13.8
13.6
14.0
●
±V
±V
13.6
13.4
13.9
●
±V
±V
10.9
10.7
11.1
●
±V
±V
10.6
10.4
10.9
●
±V
±V
3.7
3.5
4.0
●
±V
±V
3.6
3.4
3.9
●
±V
±V
500
720
mA
10
8
13
●
18
20
mA
mA
8.0
6.7
10
●
13.5
15.0
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
3.4
5.0
5.8
mA
mA
0.1
1
mA
0.3
1
mA
VS = ±12V, IL = 250mA
VS = ±5V, RL = 25Ω
VS = ±5V, IL = 250mA
VS = ±15V, RBIAS = 24.9k (Note 6)
VS = ±12V, RBIAS = 24.9k (Note 6)
VS = ±12V, RBIAS = 32.4k (Note 6)
VS = ±12V, RBIAS = 43.2k (Note 6)
VS = ±12V, RBIAS = 66.5k (Note 6)
8
6
4
VS = ±5V, RBIAS = 24.9k (Note 6)
●
Supply Current in Shutdown
2.2
1.8
VSHDN = 0.4V
Output Leakage in Shutdown
VSHDN = 0.4V
Channel Separation
VS = ±12V, VOUT = ±10V, RL = 40Ω
V
V
88
VS = ±12V, RL = 100Ω
Supply Current per Amplifier
V– + 2
74
66
VS = ±15V, IL = 250mA
IS
1
1
●
VS = ±15V, RL = 100Ω
VS = ±15V, RL = 1Ω
pF
dB
dB
VS = ±15V, VOUT = ±13V, RL = 100Ω
Maximum Output Current
–2
V+ –
V– +
83
VS = ±4V to ±15V
IOUT
V+
UNITS
74
66
VS = ±5V, VOUT = ±3V, RL = 25Ω
Output Swing
MAX
●
VS = ±12V, VOUT = ±10V, RL = 40Ω
VOUT
TYP
3
Input Voltage Range (Positive)
Input Voltage Range (Negative)
Power Supply Rejection Ratio
MIN
80
77
110
dB
dB
VS = ±15V, AV = – 10, (Note 7)
300
600
V/µs
VS = ±5V, AV = –10, (Note 7)
100
●
SR
Slew Rate
200
V/µs
HD2
Differential 2nd Harmonic Distortion
VS = ±12V, AV = 10, 2VP-P, RL = 50Ω, 1MHz
–85
dBc
HD3
Differential 3rd Harmonic Distortion
VS = ±12V, AV = 10, 2VP-P, RL = 50Ω, 1MHz
– 82
dBc
GBW
Gain Bandwidth
f = 1MHz
200
MHz
3
LT1794
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which the life
of a device may be impaired.
Note 2: Applies to short circuits to ground only. A short circuit between
the output and either supply may permanently damage the part when
operated on supplies greater than ±10V.
Note 3: The LT1794C is guaranteed to meet specified performance from
0°C to 70°C and is designed, characterized and expected to meet these
extended temperature limits, but is not tested at – 40°C and 85°C. The
LT1794I is guaranteed to meet the extended temperature limits.
Note 4: Thermal resistance varies depending upon the amount of PC board
metal attached to the device. If the maximum dissipation of the package is
exceeded, the device will go into thermal shutdown and be protected.
Note 5: Guaranteed by the CMRR tests.
Note 6: RBIAS is connected between V + and the SHDN pin.
Note 7: Slew rate is measured at ±5V on a ±10V output signal while
operating on ±15V supplies and ±1V on a ±3V output signal while
operating on ±5V supplies.
U W
TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
Supply Current
vs Ambient Temperature
Input Common Mode Range
vs Supply Voltage
V+
VS = ±12V
14 RBIAS = 24.9k TO SHDN
VSHDNREF = 0V
13
11
10
9
VS = ±12V
180 IS PER AMPLIFIER = 10mA
–1.0
160
–1.5
140
±IBIAS (nA)
12
200
TA = 25°C
∆VOS > 1mV
–0.5
COMMON MODE RANGE (V)
–2.0
2.0
80
60
40
6
0.5
20
5
–50
V–
–30
–10 10
30
50
TEMPERATURE (°C)
70
90
4
2
8
10
6
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (±V)
12
1794 G01
1
1
INPUT CURRENT NOISE (pA/VHz)
10
in
V+
760
740
720
700
SINKING
680
SOURCING
660
640
620
0.1
1
10
100
1k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
10k
0.1
100k
1794 G04
10
30
50
–10
TEMPERATURE (°C)
600
–50
–30
30
–10 10
50
TEMPERATURE (°C)
70
90
Output Saturation Voltage
vs Ambient Temperature
VS = ±12V
IS PER AMPLIFIER = 10mA
780
en
10
800
100
TA = 25°C
VS = ±12V
IS PER AMPLIFIER = 10mA
–30
1794 G03
Output Short-Circuit Current
vs Ambient Temperature
ISC (mA)
100
0
–50
14
1794 G02
Input Noise Spectral Density
INPUT VOLTAGE NOISE (V/VHz)
100
1.0
7
4
120
1.5
8
70
90
1794 G05
OUTPUT SATURATION VOLTAGE (V)
ISUPPLY PER AMPLIFIER (mA)
15
Input Bias Current
vs Ambient Temperature
VS = ±12V
–0.5
RL = 100Ω
–1.0
ILOAD = 250mA
–1.5
1.5
ILOAD = 250mA
1.0
RL = 100Ω
0.5
V–
– 50 –30
50
30
10
TEMPERATURE (°C)
–10
70
90
1794 G06
LT1794
U W
TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
Open-Loop Gain and Phase
vs Frequency
–3dB Bandwidth
vs Supply Current
120
120
45
100
80
40
40
0
40
–40
20
–80
GAIN
–160
TA = 25°C
VS = ±12V
AV = –10
RL = 100Ω
IS PER AMPLIFIER = 10mA
–40
–60
–80
100k
1M
10M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
–200
800
30
25
20
15
10
–240
5
–280
0
100M
2
70
60
50
40
30
20
1
10
FREQUENCY (MHz)
100
80
50
(–) SUPPLY
40
30
ISHDN (mA)
OUTPUT IMPEDANCE (Ω)
IS PER
AMPLIFIER = 15mA
0.1
1
10
FREQUENCY (MHz)
5
15mA PER AMPLIFIER
0
–5
10
0
–15
–10
0.01
–20
0.1
1
10
FREQUENCY (MHz)
1k
100
1734 G13
10k
100k
1M
10M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
1794 G12
Supply Current vs VSHDN
TA = 25°C
VS = ±12V
VSHDNREF = 0V
1.5
1.0
0
100M
35
0.5
100
10mA PER AMPLIFIER
–10
2.0
IS PER
AMPLIFIER = 2mA
IS PER
AMPLIFIER = 10mA
2mA PER AMPLIFIER
10
ISHDN vs VSHDN
100
0.01
0.01
20
(+) SUPPLY
20
2.5
10
VS = ±12V
AV = 10
1794 G11
TA = 25°C
VS ±12V
0.1
30
25
15
60
Output Impedance vs Frequency
1
Frequency Response
vs Supply Current
70
1794 G10
1000
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
SUPPLY CURRENT PER AMPLIFIER (mA)
1794 G09
VS = ±12V
AV = 10
IS = 10mA PER AMPLIFIER
90
10
0
0.1
300
0
4
6
8
10
12
14
SUPPLY CURRENT PER AMPLIFIER (mA)
100
POWER SUPPLY REJECTION (dB)
COMMON MODE REJECTION RATIO (dB)
80
400
PSRR vs Frequency
TA = 25°C
VS = ±12V
IS = 10mA PER AMPLIFIER
FALLING
500
1794 G08
CMRR vs Frequency
90
600
100
1794 G07
100
RISING
700
200
GAIN (dB)
–20
–120
TA = 25°C
VS = ±12V
AV = –10
RL = 1k
900
SUPPLY CURRENT PER AMPLIFIER (mA)
0
35
–3dB BANDWIDTH (MHz)
60
PHASE (DEG)
GAIN (dB)
80
1000
TA = 25°C
VS = ±12V
AV = 10
RL = 100Ω
SLEW RATE (V/µs)
PHASE
Slew Rate vs Supply Current
0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
VSHDN (V)
1794 G14
TA = 25°C
VS = ±12V
VSHDNREF = 0V
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
VSHDN (V)
1794 G14
5
LT1794
U W
TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
Differential Harmonic Distortion
vs Output Amplitude
Differential Harmonic Distortion
vs Frequency
–40
f = 1MHz
TA = 25°C
–50 VS = ±12V
AV = 10
RL = 50Ω
–60 I PER AMPLIFIER = 10mA
S
–45
–50
DISTORTION (dBc)
DISTORTION (dBc)
–40
HD3
–70
–80
HD2
–55
–60
VO = 10VP-P
TA = 25°C
VS = ±12V
AV = 10
RL = 50Ω
IS PER AMPLIFIER = 10mA
–65
–70
–75
HD3
–80
–90
HD2
–85
–100
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
–90
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
FREQUENCY (kHz)
18
VOUT(P-P)
1794 G17
1794 G16
Differential Harmonic Distortion
vs Supply Current
VO = 10VP-P
VS = ±12V
AV = 10
RL = 50Ω
–45
DISTORTION (dBc)
–50
–55
f = 1MHz, HD3
–60
–65
f = 100kHz, HD2
–70
–75
f = 100kHz, HD3
–80
f = 1MHz, HD2
–85
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
ISUPPLY PER AMPLIFIER (mA)
11
1794 G18
6
20
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (VP-P)
–40
Undistorted Output Swing
vs Frequency
15
10
5
SFDR > 40dB
TA = 25°C
VS = ±12V
AV = 10
RL = 50Ω
IS PER AMPLIFIER = 10mA
0
100k
300k
1M
3M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
10M
1794 G19
LT1794
TEST CIRCUIT
SUPPLY BYPASSING
12V
0.1µF
RSHDN
2
9
10 (SHDN)
3
A
–
5
4
10k
6
OUT (+)
110Ω
OUT (–)
110Ω
0.1µF
MINICIRCUITS
ZSC5-2-2
4.7µF
0.1µF
4.7µF
VOUT(P-P)
–12V
7
1k
1:2*
RL ≈ 50Ω
SPLITTER
49.9Ω
+
12.7Ω
–12V
EIN
4.7µF
+
19
+
8
12V
+
100 LINE LOAD
10k
13
0.01µF
1k
12.7Ω
–
18
B
12
+
15
16
1794 TC
17 11 (SHDNREF)
14
–12V
*COILCRAFT X8390-A OR EQUIVALENT
VOUTP-P AMPLITUDE SET AT EACH AMPLIFIER OUTPUT
DISTORTION MEASURED ACROSS LINE LOAD
U
W
U U
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
The LT1794 is a high speed, 200MHz gain bandwidth
product, dual voltage feedback amplifier with high output
current drive capability, 500mA source and sink. The
LT1794 is ideal for use as a line driver in xDSL data
communication applications. The output voltage swing
has been optimized to provide sufficient headroom when
operating from ±12V power supplies in full-rate ADSL
applications. The LT1794 also allows for an adjustment of
the operating current to minimize power consumption. In
addition, the LT1794 is available in small footprint surface
mount packages to minimize PCB area in multiport central
office DSL cards.
To minimize signal distortion, the LT1794 amplifiers are
decompensated to provide very high open-loop gain at
high frequency. As a result each amplifier is frequency
stable with a closed-loop gain of 10 or more. If a closedloop gain of less than 10 is desired, external frequency
compensating components can be used.
Setting the Quiescent Operating Current
Power consumption and dissipation are critical concerns
in multiport xDSL applications. Two pins, Shutdown
(SHDN) and Shutdown Reference (SHDNREF), are provided to control quiescent power consumption and allow
for the complete shutdown of the driver. The quiescent
current should be set high enough to prevent distortion
induced errors in a particular application, but not so high
that power is wasted in the driver unnecessarily. A good
starting point to evaluate the LT1794 is to set the quiescent
current to 10mA per amplifier.
The internal biasing circuitry is shown in Figure 1. Grounding the SHDNREF pin and directly driving the SHDN pin with
a voltage can control the operating current as seen in the
Typical Performance Characteristics. When the SHDN pin
is less than SHDNREF + 0.4V, the driver is shut down and
consumes typically only 100µA of supply current and the
7
LT1794
U
W
U U
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
outputs are in a high impedance state. Part to part variations however, will cause inconsistent control of the quiescent current if direct voltage drive of the SHDN pin is used.
SHDN
5I
2k
I
Using a single external resistor, RBIAS, connected in one of
two ways provides a much more predictable control of the
quiescent supply current. Figure 2 illustrates the effect on
supply current per amplifier with RBIAS connected between the SHDN pin and the 12V V + supply of the LT1794
and the approximate design equations. Figure 3 illustrates
the same control with RBIAS connected between the
SHDNREF pin and ground while the SHDN pin is tied to V +.
Either approach is equally effective.
2I
2I
1k
TO
START-UP
CIRCUITRY
IBIAS
TO AMPLIFIERS
BIAS CIRCUITRY
SHDNREF
1794 F01
IBIAS = 2 ISHDN = ISHDNREF
5
ISUPPLY PER AMPLIFIER (mA) = 64 • IBIAS
Figure 1. Internal Current Biasing Circuitry
ISUPPLY PER AMPLIFIER (mA)
30
VS = ±12V
V + = 12V
25
RBIAS
SHDN
20
IS PER AMPLIFIER (mA) ≈
V + – 1.2V • 25.6
RBIAS + 2k
15
RBIAS =
10
V + – 1.2V
• 25.6 – 2k
IS PER AMPLIFIER (mA)
SHDNREF
5
0
10
7
40
70
100
RBIAS (kΩ)
130
160
Figure 2. RBIAS to V+ Current Control
45
VS = ±12V
190
1794 F02
V + = 12V
ISUPPLY PER AMPLIFIER (mA)
40
SHDN
35
V + – 1.2V • 64
IS PER AMPLIFIER (mA) ≈
RBIAS + 5k
30
25
RBIAS =
20
V + – 1.2V
• 64 – 5k
IS PER AMPLIFIER (mA)
SHDNREF
15
RBIAS
10
5
0
4
7
10
30
50
70
90 100 130 150 170 190 210 230 250 270 290
RBIAS (kΩ)
1794 F03
Figure 3. RBIAS to Ground Current Control
8
LT1794
U
W
U U
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
Logic Controlled Operating Current
Shutdown and Recovery
The DSP controller in a typical xDSL application can have
I/O pins assigned to provide logic control of the LT1794
line driver operating current. As shown in Figure 4 one or
two logic control inputs can control two or four different
operating modes. The logic inputs add or subtract current
to the SHDN input to set the operating current. The one
logic input example selects the supply current to be either
full power, 10mA per amplifier or just 2mA per amplifier,
which significantly reduces the driver power consumption
while maintaining less than 2Ω output impedance to
frequencies less than 1MHz. This low power mode retains
termination impedance at the amplifier outputs and the
line driving back termination resistors. With this termination, while a DSL port is not transmitting data, it can still
sense a received signal from the line across the backtermination resistors and respond accordingly.
The ultimate power saving action on a completely idle port
is to fully shut down the line driver by pulling the SHDN pin
to within 0.4V of the SHDNREF potential. As shown in
Figure 5 complete shutdown occurs in less than 10µs and,
more importantly, complete recovery from the shut down
state to full operation occurs in less than 2µs. The biasing
circuitry in the LT1794 reacts very quickly to bring the
amplifiers back to normal operation.
The two logic input control provides two intermediate
(approximately 7mA per amplifier and 5mA per amplifier)
operating levels between full power and termination modes.
These modes can be useful for overall system power
management when full power transmissions are not
necessary.
VSHDN
SHDNREF = 0V
AMPLIFIER
OUTPUT
1794 F05
Figure 5. Shutdown and Recovery Timing
12V OR VLOGIC
Two Control Inputs
VC1
H
H
L
L
RESISTOR VALUES (kΩ)
RSHDN TO VCC (12V) RSHDN TO VLOGIC
VLOGIC 3V 3.3V 5V
3V 3.3V 5V
RSHDN 40.2 43.2 60.4 4.99 6.81 19.6
RC1
11.5 13.0 21.5 8.66 10.7 20.5
19.1 22.1 36.5 14.3 17.8 34.0
RCO
VC0
SUPPLY CURRENT PER AMPLIFIER (mA)
H
10
10
10
10
10
10
L
7
7
7
7
7
7
H
5
5
5
5
5
5
L
2
2
2
2
2
2
VLOGIC
VC1
0V
VC0
RC1
SHDN
RC0
2k
SHDNREF
One Control Input
12V OR VLOGIC
RESISTOR VALUES (kΩ)
RSHDN TO VCC (12V) RSHDN TO VLOGIC
VLOGIC 3V 3.3V 5V
3V 3.3V 5V
RSHDN 40.2 43.2 60.4 4.99 6.81 19.6
7.32 8.25 13.7 5.49 6.65 12.7
RC
VC
H
L
RSHDN
VLOGIC
0V
VC
RC
RSHDN
SHDN
2k
SUPPLY CURRENT PER AMPLIFIER (mA)
10
10
10
10
10
10
2
2
2
2
2
2
1794 F04
SHDNREF
Figure 4. Providing Logic Input Control of Operating Current
9
LT1794
U
W
U U
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
Power Dissipation and Heat Management
Estimating Line Driver Power Dissipation
xDSL applications require the line driver to dissipate a
significant amount of power and heat compared to other
components in the system. The large peak to RMS variations of DMT and CAP ADSL signals require high supply
voltages to prevent clipping, and the use of a step-up
transformer to couple the signal to the telephone line can
require high peak current levels. These requirements
result in the driver package having to dissipate on the
order of 1W. Several multiport cards inserted into a rack
in an enclosed central office box can add up to many,
many watts of power dissipation in an elevated ambient
temperature environment. The LT1794 has built-in thermal shutdown circuitry that will protect the amplifiers if
operated at excessive temperatures, however data transmissions will be seriously impaired. It is important in the
design of the PCB and card enclosure to take measures to
spread the heat developed in the driver away to the
ambient environment to prevent thermal shutdown (which
occurs when the junction temperature of the LT1794
exceeds 165°C).
Figure 6 is a typical ADSL application shown for the
purpose of estimating the power dissipation in the line
driver. Due to the complex nature of the DMT signal,
which looks very much like noise, it is easiest to use the
RMS values of voltages and currents for estimating the
driver power dissipation. The voltage and current levels
shown for this example are for a full-rate ADSL signal
driving 20dBm or 100mWRMS of power on to the 100Ω
telephone line and assuming a 0.5dBm insertion loss in
the transformer. The quiescent current for the LT1794 is
set to 10mA per amplifier.
The power dissipated in the LT1794 is a combination of the
quiescent power and the output stage power when driving
a signal. The two amplifiers are configured to place a
differential signal on to the line. The Class AB output stage
in each amplifier will simultaneously dissipate power in
the upper power transistor of one amplifier, while sourcing current, and the lower power transistor of the other
amplifier, while sinking current. The total device power
dissipation is then:
PD = PQUIESCENT + PQ(UPPER) + PQ(LOWER)
PD = (V+ – V–) • IQ + (V+ – VOUTARMS) •
ILOAD + (V – – VOUTBRMS) • ILOAD
12V
24.9k – SETS IQ PER AMPLIFIER = 10mA
20mA DC
2VRMS
SHDN
17.4Ω
+
+IN
A
–
1k
1:1.7
•
•
110Ω
ILOAD = 57mARMS
1000pF
110Ω
1k
–
17.4Ω
1794 F06
B
–IN
100Ω
SHDNREF
+
–12V
–2VRMS
Figure 6. Estimating Line Driver Power Dissipation
10
3.16VRMS
LT1794
U
W
U U
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
With no signal being placed on the line and the amplifier
biased for 10mA per amplifier supply current, the quiescent driver power dissipation is:
PDQ = 24V • 20mA = 480mW
This can be reduced in many applications by operating
with a lower quiescent current value.
When driving a load, a large percentage of the amplifier
quiescent current is diverted to the output stage and
becomes part of the load current. Figure 7 illustrates the
total amount of biasing current flowing between the + and
– power supplies through the amplifiers as a function of
load current. As much as 60% of the quiescent no load
operating current is diverted to the load.
At full power to the line the driver power dissipation is:
PD(FULL) = 24V • 8mA + (12V – 2VRMS) • 57mARMS
+ [|–12V – (– 2VRMS)|] • 57mARMS
PD(FULL) = 192mW + 570mW + 570mW = 1.332W
The junction temperature of the driver must be kept less
than the thermal shutdown temperature when processing
a signal. The junction temperature is determined from the
following expression:
TJ = TAMBIENT (°C) + PD(FULL) (W) • θJA (°C/W)
θJA is the thermal resistance from the junction of the
LT1794 to the ambient air, which can be minimized by
heat-spreading PCB metal and airflow through the enclosure as required. For the example given, assuming a
maximum ambient temperature of 85°C and keeping the
junction temperature of the LT1794 to 140°C maximum,
the maximum thermal resistance from junction to ambient
required is:
θJA(MAX) =
140°C – 85°C
= 41.3°C / W
1.332W
Heat Sinking Using PCB Metal
Designing a thermal management system is often a trial
and error process as it is never certain how effective it is
until it is manufactured and evaluated. As a general rule,
the more copper area of a PCB used for spreading heat
away from the driver package, the more the operating
junction temperature of the driver will be reduced. The
limit to this approach however is the need for very compact circuit layout to allow more ports to be implemented
on any given size PCB.
Fortunately xDSL circuit boards use multiple layers of
metal for interconnection of components. Areas of metal
beneath the LT1794 connected together through several
small 13 mil vias can be effective in conducting heat away
from the driver package. The use of inner layer metal can
free up top and bottom layer PCB area for external component placement.
25
TOTAL IQ (mA)
20
15
10
5
0
–240
–200
–160
–120
–80
–40
0
40
ILOAD (mA)
80
120
160
200
240
1794 F07
Figure 7. IQ vs ILOAD
11
LT1794
U
W
U U
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
Figure 8 shows four examples of PCB metal being used for
heat spreading. These are provided as a reference for what
might be expected when using different combinations of
metal area on different layers of a PCB. These examples are
with a 4-layer board using 1oz copper on each. The most
effective layers for spreading heat are those closest to the
LT1794 junction. The LT1794IFE is used because the
small TSSOP package is most effective for very compact
line driver designs. This package also has an exposed
metal heat sinking pad on the bottom side which, when
soldered to the PCB top layer metal, directly conducts heat
away from the IC junction. Soldering the thermal pad to the
TOP LAYER
TOPOLOGY
2nd LAYER
board produces a thermal resistance from junction to
case, θJC, of approximately 3°C/W.
Example A utilizes the most total metal area and provides
the lowest thermal resistance. Example B however uses
less metal on the top and bottom layers and still achieves
reasonable thermal performance. For the most compact
board design, inner layer metal can be used for heat
dissipation. This is shown in examples C and D where
minimum metal is used on the top and none on the bottom
layers, only the 2nd and 3rd layers have a heat-conducting
plane. Example C, with the larger metal areas performs
better.
3rd LAYER
BOTTOM LAYER
VIA PATTERN
EXAMPLE A
θJA = 40°C/W
13MIL VIAS USED: 30
EXAMPLE B
θJA = 47°C/W
13MIL VIAS USED: 35
EXAMPLE C
θJA = 51°C/W
13MIL VIAS USED: 32
EXAMPLE D
θJA = 60°C/W
13MIL VIAS USED: 22
1794 F08
SCALE:
1 INCH
Figure 8. Examples of PCB Metal Used for Heat Dissipation. LT1794IFE Driver Mounted on Top Layer.
Heat Sink Pad Soldered to Top Layer Metal. External Components Mounted on Bottom Layer
12
LT1794
U
W
U U
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
Similar results can be obtained with the LT1794CSW in the
wide SO-20 package. With this package heat is conducted
primarily through the V – pins, Pins 4 to 7 and 14 to 17;
these pins should be soldered directly to the PCB metal
plane.
Important Note: The metal planes used for heat sinking
the LT1794 are electrically connected to the negative
supply potential of the driver, typically – 12V. These
planes must be isolated from any other power planes
used in the board design.
When PCB cards containing multiple ports are inserted
into a rack in an enclosed cabinet, it is often necessary to
provide airflow through the cabinet and over the cards.
This is also very effective in reducing the junction-toambient thermal resistance of each line driver. To a limit,
this thermal resistance can be reduced approximately
5°C/W for every 100lfpm of laminar airflow.
Layout and Passive Components
With a gain bandwidth product of 200MHz the LT1794
requires attention to detail in order to extract maximum
performance. Use a ground plane, short lead lengths and
a combination of RF-quality supply bypass capacitors (i.e.,
0.1µF). As the primary applications have high drive current, use low ESR supply bypass capacitors (1µF to 10µF).
The parallel combination of the feedback resistor and gain
setting resistor on the inverting input can combine with the
input capacitance to form a pole that can cause frequency
peaking. In general, use feedback resistors of 1k or less.
Figure␣ 9 shows that for inverting gains, a resistor from the
inverting node to AC ground guarantees stability if the
parallel combination of RC and RG is less than or equal to
RF/9. For lowest distortion and DC output offset, a series
capacitor, CC, can be used to reduce the noise gain at
lower frequencies. The break frequency produced by R C
and CC should be less than 5MHz to minimize peaking.
Figure 10 shows compensation in the noninverting configuration. The RC, CC network acts similarly to the inverting case. The input impedance is not reduced because the
network is bootstrapped. This network can also be placed
between the inverting input and an AC ground.
Another compensation scheme for noninverting circuits is
shown in Figure 11. The circuit is unity gain at low
frequency and a gain of 1 + RF/RG at high frequency. The
DC output offset is reduced by a factor of ten. The
techniques of Figures 10 and 11 can be combined as
shown in Figure 12. The gain is unity at low frequencies,
1 + RF/RG at mid-band and for stability, a gain of 10 or
greater at high frequencies.
RC
RG
1794 F10
Figure 10. Compensation for Noninverting Gains
Vi
RF
RC
CC
(OPTIONAL)
(RC || RG) ≤ RF/9
1
< 5MHz
2πRCCC
RF
The LT1794 is stable in a gain 10 or higher for any supply
and resistive load. It is easily compensated for lower gains
with a single resistor or a resistor plus a capacitor.
RG
VO
–
CC
(OPTIONAL)
Compensation
VI
RF
VO
=1+
VI
RG
+
VI
+
VO
VO
–
VO –RF
=
RG
VI
–
+
RF
(RC || RG) ≤ RF/9
1
< 5MHz
2πRCCC
RG
VO
= 1 (LOW FREQUENCIES)
VI
R
= 1 + F (HIGH FREQUENCIES)
RG
RG ≤ RF/9
1
< 5MHz
2πRGCC
CC
1794 F09
1794 F11
Figure 9. Compensation for Inverting Gains
Figure 11. Alternate Noninverting Compensation
13
LT1794
U
W
U U
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
+
VI
RC
–
RF
CBIG
RBT
VO
–
CC
RG
VI
VO
CABLE OR LINE WITH
CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDANCE RL
+
VO
= 1 AT LOW FREQUENCIES
VI
R
= 1 + F AT MEDIUM FREQUENCIES
RG
=1+
RL
RF
1794 F13
RBT = RL
VO 1
= (1 + RF/RG)
VI 2
RG
RF
AT HIGH FREQUENCIES
(RC || RG)
1794 F12
Figure 12. Combination Compensation
In differential driver applications, as shown on the first
page of this data sheet, it is recommended that the gain
setting resistor be comprised of two equal value resistors
connected to a good AC ground at high frequencies. This
ensures that the feedback factor of each amplifier remains
less than 0.1 at any frequency. The midpoint of the
resistors can be directly connected by ground, with the
resulting DC gain to the VOS of the amplifiers, or just
bypassed to ground with a 1000pF or larger capacitor.
Line Driving Back-Termination
The standard method of cable or line back-termination is
shown in Figure 13. The cable/line is terminated in its
characteristic impedance (50Ω, 75Ω, 100Ω, 135Ω, etc.).
A back-termination resistor also equal to the chararacteristic
impedance should be used for maximum pulse fidelity of
outgoing signals, and to terminate the line for incoming
signals in a full-duplex application. There are three main
drawbacks to this approach. First, the power dissipated in
the load and back-termination resistors is equal so half of
the power delivered by the amplifier is wasted in the
termination resistor. Second, the signal is halved so the
gain of the amplifer must be doubled to have the same
overall gain to the load. The increase in gain increases
noise and decreases bandwidth (which can also increase
distortion). Third, the output swing of the amplifier is
doubled which can limit the power it can deliver to the load
for a given power supply voltage.
An alternate method of back-termination is shown in
Figure 14. Positive feedback increases the effective backtermination resistance so RBT can be reduced by a factor
14
Figure 13. Standard Cable/Line Back Termination
RP2
RP1
VI
+
VA RBT
VP
–
VO
RL
RF
RG
1794 F14
FOR RBT =
( )(
1+
RL
n
)
1
RP1
RF
=1–
n
RG RP1 + RP2
RP2/(RP2 + RP1)
VO
=
VI
1 + 1/n
( )
R
1+ F
RG
–
RP1
RP2 + RP1
Figure 14. Back Termination Using Postive Feedback
of n. To analyze this circuit, first ground the input. As RBT␣ =
RL/n, and assuming RP2>>RL we require that:
VA = VO (1 – 1/n) to increase the effective value of
RBT by n.
VP = VO (1 – 1/n)/(1 + RF/RG)
VO = VP (1 + RP2/RP1)
Eliminating VP, we get the following:
(1 + RP2/RP1) = (1 + RF/RG)/(1 – 1/n)
For example, reducing RBT by a factor of n = 4, and with an
amplifer gain of (1 + RF/RG) = 10 requires that RP2/RP1
=␣ 12.3.
LT1794
U
W
U U
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
Note that the overall gain is increased:
RP2 / (RP2 + RP1)
VO
=
VI
(1+ 1/n) / (1+ RF /RG ) − RP1/(RP2 + RP1)
[
] [
]
A simpler method of using positive feedback to reduce the
back-termination is shown in Figure 15. In this case, the
drivers are driven differentially and provide complementary outputs. Grounding the inputs, we see there is inverting gain of –RF/RP from –VO to VA
VA = VO (RF/RP)
and assuming RP >> RL, we require
VA = VO (1 – 1/n)
solving
RF/RP = 1 – 1/n
So to reduce the back-termination by a factor of 3 choose
RF/RP = 2/3. Note that the overall gain is increased to:
VO/VI = (1 + RF/RG + RF/RP)/[2(1 – RF/RP)]
Using positive feedback is often referred to as active
termination.
–
RL
FOR RBT =
n
1
n=
R
1– F
RP
RF
RG
RL
RP
RP
VO
=
VI
RL
RF
R R
1+ F + F
RG RP
( )
2 1–
–
RF
RP
RBT
–VI
+
A demo board, DC306A, is available for the LT1794. This
demo board is a complete line driver with an LT1361
receiver included. It allows the evaluation of both standard
and active termination approaches. It also has circuitry
built in to evaluate the effects of operating with reduced
supply current.
VA RBT
VO
RG
While the power savings of positive feedback are attractive
there is one important system consideration to be addressed, received signal sensitivity. The signal received
from the line is sensed across the back termination resistors. With positive feedback, signals are present on both
ends of the RBT resistors, reducing the sensed amplitude.
Extra gain may be required in the receive channel to
compensate, or a completely separate receive path may be
implemented through a separate line coupling transformer.
Considerations for Fault Protection
+
VI
Figure 17 shows a full-rate ADSL line driver incorporating
positive feedback to reduce the power lost in the back
termination resistors by 40% yet still maintains the proper
impedance match to the100Ω characteristic line impedance. This circuit also reduces the transformer turns ratio
over the standard line driving approach resulting in lower
peak current requirements. With lower current and less
power loss in the back termination resistors, this driver
dissipates only 1W of power, a 30% reduction.
–VA
–VO
1794 F15
Figure 15. Back Termination Using Differential Postive Feedback
The basic line driver design, shown on the front page of
this data sheet, presents a direct DC path between the
outputs of the two amplifiers. An imbalance in the DC
biasing potentials at the noninverting inputs through
either a fault condition or during turn-on of the system can
create a DC voltage differential between the two amplifier
outputs. This condition can force a considerable amount
of current to flow as it is limited only by the small valued
back-termination resistors and the DC resistance of the
transformer primary. This high current can possibly cause
the power supply voltage source to drop significantly
impacting overall system performance. If left unchecked,
the high DC current can heat the LT1794 to thermal
shutdown.
15
LT1794
U
W
U U
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
Using DC blocking capacitors, as shown in Figure 16, to
AC couple the signal to the transformer eliminates the
possibility for DC current to flow under any conditions.
These capacitors should be sized large enough to not
impair the frequency response characteristics required for
the data transmission.
Another important fault related concern has to do with
very fast high voltage transients appearing on the telephone line (lightning strikes for example). TransZorbs®,
varistors and other transient protection devices are often
used to absorb the transient energy, but in doing so also
create fast voltage transitions themselves that can be
coupled through the transformer to the outputs of the line
driver. Several hundred volt transient signals can appear
at the primary windings of the transformer with current
into the driver outputs limited only by the back termination
resistors. While the LT1794 has clamps to the supply rails
at the output pins, they may not be large enough to handle
the significant transient energy. External clamping diodes,
such as BAV99s, at each end of the transformer primary
help to shunt this destructive transient energy away from
the amplifier outputs.
TransZorb is a registered trademark of General Instruments, GSI
12V
12V –12V
24.9k
+
+IN
BAV99
0.1µF
1/2
LT1794
SHDN
12.7Ω
–
1k
1:2
•
•
110Ω
LINE
LOAD
1000pF
110Ω
1k
–
0.1µF
1/2
LT1794
–IN
+
–12V
12.7Ω
SHDNREF
BAV99
12V –12V
1794 F16
Figure 16. Protecting the Driver Against Load Faults and Line Transients
16
LT1794
W
W
SI PLIFIED SCHE ATIC
(one amplifier shown)
V+
Q9
Q10
Q13
Q17
Q7
Q3
–IN
Q1
C1
R1
Q6
Q2
Q5
C2
Q4
Q14
+IN
OUT
Q15
Q8
Q18
Q16
Q12
Q11
V–
1794 SS
17
LT1794
U
PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO
Dimensions in inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted.
FE Package
20-Lead Plastic TSSOP (4.4mm)
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1663)
Exposed Pad Variation CA
6.40 – 6.60*
(.252 – .260)
4.95
(.195)
4.95
(.195)
20 1918 17 16 15 14 13 12 11
6.60 ±0.10
2.74
(.108)
4.50 ±0.10
2.74 6.40
(.108) BSC
SEE NOTE 4
0.45 ±0.05
1.05 ±0.10
0.65 BSC
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT
1.20
(.047)
MAX
4.30 – 4.50*
(.169 – .177)
0° – 8°
0.09 – 0.20
(.0036 – .0079)
0.45 – 0.75
(.018 – .030)
NOTE:
1. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETERS
MILLIMETERS
2. DIMENSIONS ARE IN
(INCHES)
3. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE
18
0.65
(.0256)
BSC
0.195 – 0.30
(.0077 – .0118)
0.05 – 0.15
(.002 – .006)
FE20 (CA) TSSOP 0203
4. RECOMMENDED MINIMUM PCB METAL SIZE
FOR EXPOSED PAD ATTACHMENT
*DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH
SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.150mm (.006") PER SIDE
LT1794
U
PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO
Dimensions in inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted.
SW Package
20-Lead Plastic Small Outline (Wide 0.300)
(LTC DWG # 05-08-1620)
0.496 – 0.512*
(12.598 – 13.005)
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
0.394 – 0.419
(10.007 – 10.643)
NOTE 1
0.291 – 0.299**
(7.391 – 7.595)
0.010 – 0.029 × 45°
(0.254 – 0.737)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0.093 – 0.104
(2.362 – 2.642)
10
0.037 – 0.045
(0.940 – 1.143)
0° – 8° TYP
0.009 – 0.013
(0.229 – 0.330)
NOTE 1
0.016 – 0.050
(0.406 – 1.270)
0.050
(1.270)
BSC
0.014 – 0.019
(0.356 – 0.482)
TYP
0.004 – 0.012
(0.102 – 0.305)
S20 (WIDE) 1098
NOTE:
1. PIN 1 IDENT, NOTCH ON TOP AND CAVITIES ON THE BOTTOM OF PACKAGES ARE THE MANUFACTURING OPTIONS.
THE PART MAY BE SUPPLIED WITH OR WITHOUT ANY OF THE OPTIONS
*DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.006" (0.152mm) PER SIDE
**DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH. INTERLEAD FLASH SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.010" (0.254mm) PER SIDE
Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.
19
LT1794
U
TYPICAL APPLICATIO
12V
24.9k
+
+IN
SHDN
1/2
LT1794
13.7Ω
–
1k
1:1.2*
1.65k
•
•
182Ω
100Ω
LINE
1.65k
1000pF
182Ω
1k
–
1/2
LT1794
–IN
+
13.7Ω
*COILCRAFT X8502-A OR EQUIVALENT
1W DRIVER POWER DISSIPATION
1.15W POWER CONSUMPTION
SHDNREF
1794 F17
–12V
Figure 17. ADSL Line Driver Using Active Termination
RELATED PARTS
PART NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
COMMENTS
LT1361
Dual 50MHz, 800V/µs Op Amp
±15V Operation, 1mV VOS, 1µA IB
LTC 1563-2
Low Cost Active RC Lowpass Filter
fC Up to 360kHz, Differential Operation, ±5V Supplies
LT1795
Dual 500mA, 50MHz Current Feedback Amplifier
Shutdown/Current Set Function, ADSL CO Driver
LT1813
Dual 100MHz, 750V/µs, 8nV/√Hz Op Amp
Low Noise, Low Power Differential Receiver, 4mA/Amplifier
LT1886
Dual 200mA, 700MHz Op Amp
12V Operation, 7mA/Amplifier, ADSL Modem Line Driver
®
20
Linear Technology Corporation
1794fs, sn1794 LT/TP 0501 4K • PRINTED IN THE USA
1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417
(408)432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507 ● www.linear-tech.com
 LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2001