MOTOROLA MC145200 2.0 ghz pll frequency synthesizer Datasheet

Order this document
by MC145200/D
SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNICAL DATA
Include On–Board 64/65 Prescalers
The MC145200 and MC145201 are single–package synthesizers with serial
interfaces capable of direct usage up to 2.0 GHz. A special architecture makes
these PLLs very easy to program because a byte–oriented format is utilized.
Due to the patented BitGrabber registers, no address/steering bits are
required for random access of the three registers. Thus, tuning can be
accomplished via a 3–byte serial transfer to the 24–bit A register. The interface
is both SPI and MICROWIRE compatible.
Each device features a single–ended current source/sink phase detector
output and a double–ended phase detector output. Both phase detectors have
linear transfer functions (no dead zones). The maximum current of the
single–ended phase detector output is determined by an external resistor tied
from the Rx pin to ground. This current can be varied via the serial port.
The MC145200 features logic–level converters and high–voltage phase/
frequency detectors; the detector supply may range up to 9.5 V. The MC145201
has lower–voltage phase/frequency detectors optimized for single–supply
systems of 5 V ±10%.
Each part includes a differential RF input which may be operated in a
single–ended mode. Also featured are on–board support of an external crystal
and a programmable reference output. The R, A, and N counters are fully
programmable. The C register (configuration register) allows the parts to be
configured to meet various applications. A patented feature allows the C
register to shut off unused outputs, thereby minimizing system noise and
interference.
In order to have consistent lock times and prevent erroneous data from being
loaded into the counters, on–board circuitry synchronizes the update of the A
register if the A or N counters are loading. Similarly, an update of the R register
is synchronized if the R counter is loading.
The double–buffered R register allows new divide ratios to be presented to
the three counters (R, A, and N) simultaneously.
• Maximum Operating Frequency: 2000 MHz @ Vin = 200 mV p–p
• Operating Supply Current: 12 mA Nominal
• Operating Supply Voltage Range (VDD and VCC Pins): 4.5 to 5.5 V
• Operating Supply Voltage Range of Phase Detectors (VPD Pin) —
MC145200: 8.0 to 9.5 V
MC145201: 4.5 to 5.5 V
• Current Source/Sink Phase Detector Output Capability: 2 mA Maximum
• Gain of Current Source/Sink Phase/Frequency Detector Controllable via
Serial Port
• Operating Temperature Range: – 40 to + 85°C
• R Counter Division Range: (1 and) 5 to 8191
• Dual–Modulus Capability Provides Total Division up to 262,143
• High–Speed Serial Interface: 4 Mbps
• OUTPUT A Pin, When Configured as Data Out, Permits Cascading of Devices
• Two General–Purpose Digital Outputs — OUTPUT A: Totem–Pole (Push–Pull)
OUTPUT B: Open–Drain
• Power–Saving Standby Feature with Orderly Recovery for Minimizing Lock
Times, Standby Current: 30 µA
• Evaluation Kit Available (Part Numbers MC145200EVK and MC145201EVK)
• See Application Note AN1253/D for Low–Pass Filter Design, and
AN1277/D for Offset Reference PLLs for Fine Resolution or Fast Hopping
F SUFFIX
SOG PACKAGE
CASE 751J
20
1
DT SUFFIX
TSSOP
CASE 948D
20
1
ORDERING INFORMATION
MC145200F
MC145201F
MC145200DT
MC145201DT
SOG Package
SOG Package
TSSOP
TSSOP
PIN ASSIGNMENT
REFout
1
20
REFin
LD
2
19
φR
Din
3
18
CLK
φV
4
17
ENB
VPD
PDout
5
16
OUTPUT A
6
15
OUTPUT B
GND
7
14
VDD
Rx
8
13
TEST 2
TEST 1
9
12
VCC
10
11
fin
fin
BitGrabber is a trademark of Motorola, Inc. MICROWIRE is a trademark of National Semiconductor Corp.
REV 4
1/98
TN98012300

Motorola, Inc. 1998
MOTOROLA
MC145200•MC145201
1
BLOCK DIAGRAM
DATA OUT
REFin
REFout
20
OSC OR
4–STAGE
DIVIDER
(CONFIGURABLE)
1
fR
13–STAGE R COUNTER
Din
ENB
16
LOCK DETECTOR
AND CONTROL
2
OUTPUT A
13
3
DOUBLE–BUFFERED
BitGrabber R REGISTER
16 BITS
CLK
SELECT
LOGIC
PORT
fV
18
SHIFT
REGISTER
AND
CONTROL
LOGIC
19
8
BitGrabber C REGISTER
8 BITS
24
STANDBY
LOGIC
17
PHASE/FREQUENCY
DETECTOR A AND CONTROL
LD
Rx
6
PDout
POR
3 φ
R
4 φV
PHASE/FREQUENCY
DETECTOR B AND CONTROL
2
BitGrabber A REGISTER
24 BITS
INTERNAL
CONTROL
fin
fin
6
4
12
15
6–STAGE
A COUNTER
12–STAGE
N COUNTER
64/65
PRESCALER
MODULUS
CONTROL
LOGIC
OUTPUT B
(OPEN–DRAIN
OUTPUT)
11
10
INPUT
AMP
SUPPLY CONNECTIONS:
PIN 12 = VCC (V+ TO INPUT AMP AND 64/65 PRESCALER)
PIN 5 = VPD (V+ TO PHASE/FREQUENCY DETECTORS A AND B)
PIN 14 = VDD (V+ TO BALANCE OF CIRCUIT)
PIN 7 = GND (COMMON GROUND)
13
TEST 2
9
TEST 1
MAXIMUM RATINGS* (Voltages Referenced to GND, unless otherwise stated)
Symbol
Parameter
VCC,
VDD
DC Supply Voltage (Pins 12 and 14)
VPD
DC Supply Voltage (Pin 5)
MC145200
MC145201
Value
Unit
– 0.5 to + 6.0
V
VDD – 0.5 to + 9.5
VDD – 0.5 to + 6.0
V
Vin
DC Input Voltage
– 0.5 to VDD + 0.5
V
Vout
DC Output Voltage
(except OUTPUT B, PDout, φR, φV)
– 0.5 to VDD + 0.5
V
Vout
DC Output Voltage (OUTPUT B, PDout, φR, φV)
– 0.5 to VPD + 0.5
V
DC Input Current, per Pin (Includes VPD)
± 10
mA
Iout
DC Output Current, per Pin
± 20
mA
IDD
DC Supply Current, VDD and GND Pins
± 30
mA
PD
Power Dissipation, per Package
300
mW
Tstg
Storage Temperature
– 65 to + 150
°C
260
°C
Iin, IPD
TL
Lead Temperature,
1 mm from Case for 10 seconds
This device contains protection circuitry to
guard against damage due to high static voltages or electric fields. However, precautions
must be taken to avoid applications of any voltage higher than maximum rated voltages to
this high–impedance circuit.
* Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which damage to the device may occur.
Functional operation should be restricted to the limits in the Electrical Characteristics tables
or Pin Descriptions section.
MC145200•MC145201
2
MOTOROLA
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VDD = VCC = 4.5 to 5.5 V, Voltages Referenced to GND, TA = – 40 to + 85°C, unless otherwise stated;
MC145200: VPD = 8.0 to 9.5 V; MC145201: VPD = 4.5 to 5.5 V with VDD ≤ VPD.)
Symbol
Parameter
Test Condition
Guaranteed
Limit
Unit
VIL
Maximum Low–Level Input Voltage
(Din, CLK, ENB, REFin)
Device in Reference Mode, DC Coupled
0.3 × VDD
V
VIH
Minimum High–Level Input Voltage
(Din, CLK, ENB, REFin)
Device in Reference Mode, DC Coupled
0.7 × VDD
V
Vhys
Minimum Hysteresis Voltage (CLK, ENB)
300
mV
VOL
Maximum Low–Level Output Voltage
(REFout, OUTPUT A)
Iout = 20 µA, Device in Reference Mode
0.1
V
VOH
Minimum High–Level Output Voltage
(REFout, OUTPUT A)
Iout = –20 µA, Device in Reference Mode
VDD – 0.1
V
IOL
Minimum Low–Level Output Current
(REFout, LD, φR, φV)
Vout = 0.4 V
0.36
mA
IOH
Minimum High–Level Output Current
(REFout, LD, φR, φV)
Vout = VDD – 0.4 V for REFout, LD
Vout = VPD – 0.4 V for φR, φV
– 0.36
mA
IOL
Minimum Low–Level Output Current
(OUTPUT A, OUTPUT B)
Vout = 0.4 V
1.0
mA
IOH
Minimum High–Level Output Current
(OUTPUT A Only)
Vout = VDD – 0.4 V
– 0.6
mA
Iin
Maximum Input Leakage Current
(Din, CLK, ENB, REFin)
Vin = VDD or GND, Device in XTAL Mode
± 1.0
µA
Iin
Maximum Input Current
(REFin)
Vin = VDD or GND, Device in Reference Mode
± 150
µA
± 150
± 200
nA
± 10
µA
IOZ
Maximum Output Leakage Current
IOZ
Maximum Output Leakage Current
Vout = VPD or GND,
(OUTPUT B) Output in High–Impedance State
ISTBY
IPD
IT
(PDout) Vout = VPD – 0.5 or 0.5 V
Output in High–Impedance State
MC145200
MC145201
Maximum Standby Supply Current
(VDD + VPD Pins)
Vin = VDD or GND; Outputs Open; Device in Standby
Mode, Shut–Down Crystal Mode or REFout–Static–Low
Reference Mode; OUTPUT B Controlling VCC per
Figure 22
30
µA
Maximum Phase Detector
Quiescent Current (VPD Pin)
Bit C6 = High Which Selects Phase Detector A,
PDout = Open, PDout = Static Low or High, Bit C4 = Low
Which is not Standby, IRx = 113 µA
600
µA
Bit C6 = Low Which Selects Phase Detector B, φR and
φV = Open, φR and φV = Static Low or High, Bit
C4 = Low Which is not Standby
30
Total Operating Supply Current
(VDD + VPD + VCC Pins)
fin = 2.0 GHz; REFin = 13 MHz @ 1 V p–p;
OUTPUT A = Inactive and No Connect;
REFout, φV, φR, PDout, LD = No Connect;
Din, ENB, CLK = VDD or GND, Phase Detector B Enabled
(Bit C6 = Low)
*
mA
* The nominal value = 12 mA. This is not a guaranteed limit.
MOTOROLA
MC145200•MC145201
3
ANALOG CHARACTERISTICS—CURRENT SOURCE/SINK OUTPUT—PDout
(Iout ≤ 2 mA, VDD = VCC = 4.5 to 5.5 V, VDD ≤ VPD. Voltages Referenced to GND)
Parameter
Maximum Source Current Variation
Test Condition
VPD
Guaranteed
Limit
Unit
8.0
± 20
%
9.5
± 20
4.5
± 20
5.5
± 20
8.0
12
9.5
12
4.5
12
MC145200: Vout = 0.5 × VPD
MC145201: Vout = 0.5 × VPD
Maximum Sink–vs–Source Mismatch (Note 3)
MC145200: Vout = 0.5 × VPD
MC145201: Vout = 0.5 × VPD
Output Voltage Range (Note 3)
MC145200: Iout variation ≤ 20%
MC145201: Iout variation ≤ 20%
5.5
12
8.0
0.5 to 7.5
9.5
0.5 to 9.0
4.5
0.5 to 4.0
5.5
0.5 to 5.0
%
%
%
V
V
NOTES:
1. Percentages calculated using the following formula: (Maximum Value – Minimum Value) / Maximum Value.
2. See Rx Pin Description for external resistor values.
3. This parameter is guaranteed for a given temperature within – 40 to + 85°C.
AC INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS (VDD = 4.5 to 5.5 V, TA = – 40 to + 85°C, CL = 50 pF, Input tr = tf = 10 ns;
MC145200: VPD = 8.0 to 9.5 V; MC145201: VPD = 4.5 to 5.5 V with VDD ≤ VPD)
Symbol
fclk
Parameter
Serial Data Clock Frequency (Note: Refer to Clock tw below)
Figure No.
Guaranteed
Limit
Unit
1
dc to 4.0
MHz
tPLH, tPHL
Maximum Propagation Delay, CLK to OUTPUT A (Selected as Data Out)
1, 5
105
ns
tPLH, tPHL
Maximum Propagation Delay, ENB to OUTPUT A (Selected as Port)
2, 5
100
ns
tPZL, tPLZ
Maximum Propagation Delay, ENB to OUTPUT B
2, 6
120
ns
tTLH, tTHL
Maximum Output Transition Time, OUTPUT A and OUTPUT B;
tTHLonly, on OUTPUT B
1, 5, 6
100
ns
10
pF
Guaranteed
Limit
Unit
Cin
Maximum Input Capacitance – Din, ENB, CLK,
TIMING REQUIREMENTS
(VDD = 4.5 to 5.5 V, TA = – 40 to + 85°C, Input tr = tf = 10 ns unless otherwise indicated)
Symbol
tsu, th
Parameter
Figure No.
Minimum Setup and Hold Times, Din vs CLK
3
20
ns
Minimum Setup, Hold and Recovery Times, ENB vs CLK
4
100
ns
tw
Minimum Pulse Width, ENB
4
*
cycles
tw
Minimum Pulse Width, CLK
1
125
ns
Maximum Input Rise and Fall Times, CLK
1
100
µs
tsu, th, trec
tr, tf
* The minimum limit is 3 REFin cycles or 195 fin cycles, whichever is greater.
MC145200•MC145201
4
MOTOROLA
SWITCHING WAVEFORMS
tf
tr
VDD
90%
CLK 50%
10%
ENB
GND
GND
tw
tPLH
tw
1/fclk
OUTPUT A
tPLH
OUTPUT A
(DATA OUT)
VDD
50%
50%
tPHL
tPLZ
90%
50%
10%
OUTPUT B
tTLH
tPZL
50%
10%
tTHL
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
tw
VALID
VDD
50%
Din
tPHL
tw
VDD
ENB
50%
GND
tsu
th
trec
VDD
50%
CLK
GND
th
tsu
GND
VDD
CLK
50%
FIRST
CLK
LAST
CLK
Figure 3.
GND
Figure 4.
+V
TEST POINT
TEST POINT
7.5 kΩ
DEVICE
UNDER
TEST
CL *
*Includes all probe and fixture capacitance.
Figure 5. Test Circuit
MOTOROLA
DEVICE
UNDER
TEST
CL *
*Includes all probe and fixture capacitance.
Figure 6. Test Circuit
MC145200•MC145201
5
LOOP SPECIFICATIONS (VDD = VCC = 4.5 to 5.5 V unless otherwise indicated, TA = – 40 to + 85°C)
S b l
Symbol
P
Parameter
1500
mV p–p
Vin ≥ 400 mV p–p
Vin ≥ 1 V p–p
Vin ≥ 400 mV p–p
Vin ≥ 1 V p–p
8
13
6*
12
4.5*
27
27
27
27
MHz
Crystal Frequency, Crystal Mode
C1 ≤ 30 pF, C2 ≤ 30 pF, Includes Stray
Capacitance
9
2
15
MHz
Output Frequency, REFout
CL = 30 pF
10, 12
dc
10
MHz
dc
2
MHz
Input Frequency, REFin
Externally Driven in
Reference Mode
tw
tTLH,
tTHL
Cin
U i
Unit
200
fref
f
Max
7
Input Voltage Range, fin
fout
Min
500 MHz ≤ fin ≤ 2000 MHz
Vin
fXTAL
Figure
No.
T
Test
C
Condition
di i
Guaranteed
Operating Range
MC145200
MC145201
Operating Frequency of the Phase Detectors
Output Pulse Width, LD, φR, and
φV, — MC145200, MC145201
fR in Phase with fV, CL = 50 pF,
VPD = 5.5 V, VDD = VCC = 5.0 V
11, 12
17
85
ns
Output Transition Times, LD, φV, and
φR — MC145201
CL = 50 pF, VPD = 5.5 V,
VDD = VCC = 5.0 V
11, 12
—
65
ns
—
—
TBD
5
pF
Input Capacitance
fin
REFin
*If lower frequency is desired, use wave shaping or higher amplitude sinusoidal signal.
1000 pF
SINE WAVE
GENERATOR
fin
50 Ω*
1000 pF
Vin
fin
OUTPUT A
(fv)
DEVICE
UNDER
TEST
TEST
POINT
0.01 µF
SINE WAVE
GENERATOR
50 Ω
VCC GND VDD
V+
Vin
REFin OUTPUT A
DEVICE
UNDER
TEST
(fR)
TEST
POINT
TEST
POINT
REFout
VCC GND VDD
V+
*Characteristic Impedance
Figure 7. Test Circuit
C1
C2
REFin OUTPUT A
DEVICE
UNDER
TEST
Figure 8. Test Circuit–Reference Mode
TEST
POINT
(fR)
REFout
VCC GND VDD
1/f REFout
V+
Figure 9. Test Circuit–Crystal Mode
MC145200•MC145201
6
REFout
50%
Figure 10. Switching Waveform
MOTOROLA
TEST POINT
tw
OUTPUT
50%
DEVICE
UNDER
TEST
90%
10%
tTHL
CL *
*Includes all probe and
tTLH
fixture capacitance.
Figure 11. Switching Waveform
Figure 12. Test Circuit
MC145200/MC145201
NORMALIZED INPUT IMPEDANCE AT fin — SERIES FORMAT (R + jX)
(500 MHz to 2 GHz)
fin (PIN 11)
SOG PACKAGE
1
4
2
3
MOTOROLA
Marker
Frequency
(GHz)
Resistance
(Ω)
Capacitive
Reactance (Ω)
Capacitance
(pF)
1
0.5
59.0
– 240
1.33
2
1
34.7
– 118
1.35
3
1.5
28.3
– 68.7
1.54
4
2
37.4
– 45.7
1.74
MC145200•MC145201
7
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
DIGITAL INTERFACE PINS
Din
Serial Data Input (Pin 19)
The bit stream begins with the most significant bit (MSB)
and is shifted in on the low–to–high transition of CLK. The bit
pattern is 1 byte (8 bits) long to access the C or configuration
register, 2 bytes (16 bits) to access the first buffer of the
R register, or 3 bytes (24 bits) to access the A register (see
Table 1). The values in the C, R, and A registers do not
change during shifting because the transfer of data to the
registers is controlled by ENB.
CAUTION
The value programmed for the N–counter must be
greater than or equal to the value of the A–counter.
The 13 least significant bits (LSBs) of the R register are
double–buffered. As indicated above, data is latched into the
first buffer on a 16–bit transfer. (The 3 MSBs are not double–
buffered and have an immediate effect after a 16–bit transfer.) The second buffer of the R register contains the 13 bits
for the R counter. This second buffer is loaded with the contents of the first buffer when the A register is loaded (a 24–bit
transfer). This allows presenting new values to the R, A, and
N counters simultaneously. If this is not required, then the
16–bit transfer may be followed by pulsing ENB low with no
signal on the CLK pin. This is an alternate method of
transferring data to the second buffer of the R register (see
Figure 17).
The bit stream needs neither address nor steering bits due
to the innovative BitGrabber registers. Therefore, all bits in
the stream are available to be data for the three registers.
Random access of any register is provided. That is, the registers may be accessed in any sequence. Data is retained in
the registers over a supply range of 4.5 to 5.5 V. The formats
are shown in Figures 15, 16, and 17.
Din typically switches near 50% of VDD to maximize noise
immunity. This input can be directly interfaced to CMOS devices with outputs guaranteed to switch near rail–to–rail.
When interfacing to NMOS or TTL devices, either a level
shifter (MC74HC14A, MC14504B) or pull–up resistor of 1 kΩ
to 10 kΩ must be used. Parameters to consider when sizing
the resistor are worst–case IOL of the driving device, maximum tolerable power consumption, and maximum data rate.
Table 1. Register Access
(MSBs are shifted in first; C0, R0, and A0 are the LSBs)
Number
of Clocks
Accessed
Register
Bit
Nomenclature
8
16
24
Other Values ≤ 32
Values > 32
C Register
R Register
A Register
See Figure 13
See Figures
22–25
C7, C6, C5, . . ., C0
R15, R14, R13, . . ., R0
A23, A22, A21, . . ., A0
MC145200•MC145201
8
CLK
Serial Data Clock Input (Pin 18)
Low–to–high transitions on CLK shift bits available at the
D in pin, while high–to–low transitions shift bits from
OUTPUT A (when configured as Data Out, see Pin 16). The
24–1/2–stage shift register is static, allowing clock rates
down to dc in a continuous or intermittent mode.
Eight clock cycles are required to access the C register.
Sixteen clock cycles are needed for the first buffer of the R
register. Twenty–four cycles are used to access the A register. See Table 1 and Figures 15, 16, and 17. The number of
clocks required for cascaded devices is shown in Figures 24
through 26.
CLK typically switches near 50% of V DD and has a
Schmitt–triggered input buffer. Slow CLK rise and fall times
are allowed. See the last paragraph of Din for more information.
NOTE
To guarantee proper operation of the power–on
reset (POR) circuit, the CLK pin must be held at
GND (with ENB being a don’t care) or ENB must
be held at the potential of the V+ pin (with CLK being a don’t care) during power–up. As an alternative, the bit sequence of Figure 13 may be used.
ENB
Active Low Enable Input (Pin 17)
This pin is used to activate the serial interface to allow the
transfer of data to/from the device. When ENB is in an inactive high state, shifting is inhibited and the port is held in the
initialized state. To transfer data to the device, ENB (which
must start inactive high) is taken low, a serial transfer is
made via Din and CLK, and ENB is taken back high. The
low–to–high transition on ENB transfers data to the C or A
registers and first buffer of the R register, depending on the
data stream length per Table 1.
NOTE
Transitions on ENB must not be attempted while
CLK is high. This puts the device out of synchronization with the microcontroller. Resynchronization occurs when ENB is high and CLK is low.
This input is also Schmitt–triggered and switches near
50% of VDD, thereby minimizing the chance of loading erroneous data into the registers. See the last paragraph of Din
for more information.
For POR information, see the note for the CLK pin.
OUTPUT A
Configurable Digital Output (Pin 16)
OUTPUT A is selectable as fR, fV, Data Out, or Port. Bits
A22 and A23 in the A register control the selection; see
Figure 16.
If A23 = A22 = high, OUTPUT A is configured as fR. This
signal is the buffered output of the 13–stage R counter. The
fR signal appears as normally low and pulses high, and can
be used to verify the divide ratio of the R counter. This ratio
extends from 5 to 8191 and is determined by the binary value
loaded into bits R0 through R12 in the R register. Also, direct
access to the phase detectors via the REFin pin is allowed by
choosing a divide value of 1 (see Figure 17). The maximum
frequency at which the phase detectors operate is 2 MHz.
Therefore, the frequency of fR should not exceed 2 MHz.
MOTOROLA
If A23 = high and A22 = low, OUTPUT A is configured as
fV. This signal is the buffered output of the 12–stage N
counter. The fV signal appears as normally low and pulses
high, and can be used to verify the operation of the prescaler,
A counter, and N counter. The divide ratio between the fin input and the fV signal is N × 64 + A. N is the divide ratio of the
N counter and A is the divide ratio of the A counter. These
ratios are determined by bits loaded into the A register. See
Figure 16. The maximum frequency at which the phase
detectors operate is 2 MHz. Therefore, the frequency of fV
should not exceed 2 MHz.
If A23 = low and A22 = high, OUTPUT A is configured as
Data Out. This signal is the serial output of the 24–1/2–stage
shift register. The bit stream is shifted out on the high–to–low
transition of the CLK input. Upon power up, OUTPUT A is
automatically configured as Data Out to facilitate cascading
devices.
If A23 = A22 = low, OUTPUT A is configured as Port. This
signal is a general–purpose digital output which may be used
as an MCU port expander. This signal is low when the Port
bit (C1) of the C register is low, and high when the Port bit is
high.
OUTPUT B
Open–Drain Digital Output (Pin 15)
This signal is a general–purpose digital output which may
be used as an MCU port expander. This signal is low when
the Out B bit (C0) of the C register is low. When the Out B bit
is high, OUTPUT B assumes the high–impedance state.
OUTPUT B may be pulled up through an external resistor or
active circuitry to any voltage less than or equal to the potential of the VPD pin. Note: the maximum voltage allowed on
the VPD pin is 9.5 V for the MC145200 and 5.5 V for the
MC145201.
Upon power–up, power–on reset circuitry forces OUTPUT B to a low level.
REFERENCE PINS
REFin and REFout
Reference Input and Reference Output (Pins 20 and 1)
Configurable pins for a Crystal or an External Reference.
This pair of pins can be configured in one of two modes: the
crystal mode or the reference mode. Bits R13, R14, and R15
in the R register control the modes as shown in Figure 17.
In crystal mode, these pins form a reference oscillator
when connected to terminals of an external parallel–resonant crystal. Frequency–setting capacitors of appropriate
values as recommended by the crystal supplier are connected from each of the two pins to ground (up to a maximum
of 30 pF each, including stray capacitance). An external resistor of 1 MΩ to 15 MΩ is connected directly across the pins
to ensure linear operation of the amplifier. The device is designed to operate with crystals up to 15 MHz; the required
connections are shown in Figure 8. To turn on the oscillator,
bits R15, R14, and R13 must have an octal value of one (001
in binary, respectively). This is the active–crystal mode
shown in Figure 17. In this mode, the crystal oscillator runs
and the R Counter divides the crystal frequency, unless the
part is in standby. If the part is placed in standby via the C
register, the oscillator runs, but the R counter is stopped.
However, if bits R15 to R13 have a value of 0, the oscillator is
stopped, which saves additional power. This is the shut–
MOTOROLA
down crystal mode (shown in Figure 17) and can be engaged
whether in standby or not.
In the reference mode, REFin (Pin 20) accepts a signal up
to 27 MHz from an external reference oscillator, such as a
TCXO. A signal swinging from at least the VIL to VIH levels
listed in the Electrical Characteristics table may be directly
coupled to the pin. If the signal is less than this level, ac coupling must be used as shown in Figure 8. Due to an on–
board resistor which is engaged in the reference modes, an
external biasing resistor tied between REFin and REFout is
not required.
With the reference mode, the REFout pin is configured as
the output of a divider. As an example, if bits R15, R14, and
R13 have an octal value of seven, the frequency at REFout is
the REFin frequency divided by 16. In addition, Figure 17
shows how to obtain ratios of eight, four, and two. A ratio of
one–to–one can be obtained with an octal value of three.
Upon power up, a ratio of eight is automatically initialized.
The maximum frequency capability of the REFout pin is
10 MHz. Therefore, for REFin frequencies above 10 MHz,
the one–to–one ratio may not be used. Likewise, for REFin
frequencies above 20 MHz, the ratio must be more than two.
If REFout is unused, an octal value of two should be used
for R15, R14, and R13 and the REFout pin should be floated.
A value of two allows REFin to be functional while disabling
REFout, which minimizes dynamic power consumption and
electromagnetic interference (EMI).
LOOP PINS
fin and fin
Frequency Inputs (Pins 11 and 10)
These pins are frequency inputs from the VCO. These pins
feed the on–board RF amplifier which drives the 64/65 prescaler. These inputs may be fed differentially. However, they
usually are used in a single–ended configuration (shown in
Figure 7). Note that fin is driven while fin must be tied to
ground via a capacitor.
Motorola does not recommend driving fin while terminating
fin because this configuration is not tested for sensitivity. The
sensitivity is dependent on the frequency as shown in the
Loop Specifications table.
PDout
Single–Ended Phase/Freq. Detector Output (Pin 6)
This is a three–state current–source/sink output for use as
a loop error signal when combined with an external low–pass
filter. The phase/frequency detector is characterized by a linear transfer function (no dead zone). The operation of the
phase/ frequency detector is described below and is shown
in Figure 18.
POL bit (C7) in the C register = low (see Figure 15)
Frequency of fV > fR or Phase of fV Leading fR: current–
sinking pulses from a floating state
Frequency of fV < fR or Phase of fV Lagging fR: current–
sourcing pulses from a floating state
Frequency and Phase of fV = fR: essentially a floating
state; voltage at pin determined by loop filter
POL bit (C7) = high
Frequency of fV > fR or Phase of fV Leading fR: current–
sourcing pulses from a floating state
Frequency of fV < fR or Phase of fV Lagging fR: current–
sinking pulses from a floating state
MC145200•MC145201
9
Frequency and Phase of fV = fR: essentially a floating
state; voltage at pin determined by loop filter
This output can be enabled, disabled, and inverted via the
C register. If desired, PDout can be forced to a floating state
by utilization of the disable feature in the C register (bit C6).
This is a patented feature. Similarly, PDout is forced to the
floating state when the device is put into standby (STBY bit
C4 = high).
The PDout circuit is powered by VPD. The phase detector
gain is controllable by bits C3, C2, and C1: gain (in amps per
radian) = PDout current divided by 2π.
φR and φV (Pins 3 and 4)
Double–Ended Phase/Frequency Detector Outputs
These outputs can be combined externally to generate a
loop error signal. Through use of a Motorola patented technique, the detector’s dead zone has been eliminated. Therefore, the phase/frequency detector is characterized by a
linear transfer function. The operation of the phase/frequency detector is described below and is shown in Figure 18.
POL bit (C7) in the C register = low (see Figure 15)
Frequency of fV > fR or Phase of fV Leading fR: φV = negative pulses, φR = essentially high
Frequency of fV < fR or Phase of fV Lagging fR: φV = essentially high, φR = negative pulses
Frequency and Phase of fV = fR: φV and φR remain essentially high, except for a small minimum time period when
both pulse low in phase
POL bit (C7) = high
Frequency of fV > fR or Phase of fV Leading fR: φR = negative pulses, φV = essentially high
Frequency of fV < fR or Phase of fV Lagging fR: φR = essentially high, φV = negative pulses
Frequency and Phase of fV = fR: φV and φR remain essentially high, except for a small minimum time period when
both pulse low in phase
These outputs can be enabled, disabled, and interchanged via C register bits C6 or C4. This is a patented feature. Note that when disabled or in standby, φR and φV are
forced to their rest condition (high state).
The φR and φV output signal swing is approximately from
GND to VPD.
LD
Lock Detector Output (Pin 2)
This output is essentially at a high level with narrow low–
going pulses when the loop is locked (fR and fV of the same
phase and frequency). The output pulses low when fV and fR
are out of phase or different frequencies. LD is the logical
ANDing of φR and φV (see Figure 18).
This output can be enabled and disabled via the C register.
This is a patented feature. Upon power up, on–chip initialization circuitry disables LD to a static low logic level to prevent
a false “lock” signal. If unused, LD should be disabled and
left open.
The LD output signal swing is approximately from GND to
VDD.
MC145200•MC145201
10
Rx
External Resistor (Pin 8)
A resistor tied between this pin and GND, in conjunction
with bits in the C register, determines the amount of current
that the PD out pin sinks and sources. When bits C2 and C3
are both set high, the maximum current is obtained at PD out;
see Tables 2 and 3 for other values of current. To achieve a
maximum current of 2 mA, the resistor should be about
47 kΩ when V PD is 9 V or about 18 kΩ when VPD is 5.0 V.
See Figure 14 if lower maximum current values are desired.
When the φR and φV outputs are used, the Rx pin may be
floated.
TEST POINT PINS
TEST 1
Modulus Control Signal (Pin 9)
This pin may be used in conjunction with the Test 2 pin for
access to the on–board 64/65 prescaler. When Test 1 is low,
the prescaler divides by 65. When high, the prescaler divides
by 64.
CAUTION
This pin is an unbuffered output and must be
floated in an actual application. This pin must be
attached to an isolated pad with no trace.
TEST 2
Prescaler Output (Pin 13)
This pin may be used to access to the on–board 64/65
prescaler output.
CAUTION
This pin is an unbuffered output and must be
floated in an actual application. This pin must be
attached to an isolated pad with no trace.
POWER SUPPLY PINS
VDD
Positive Power Supply (Pin 14)
This pin supplies power to the main CMOS digital portion
of the device. The voltage range is + 4.5 to + 5.5 V with respect to the GND pin.
For optimum performance, VDD should be bypassed to
GND using a low–inductance capacitor mounted very close
to these pins. Lead lengths on the capacitor should be
minimized.
VCC
Positive Power Supply (Pin 12)
This pin supplies power to the RF amp and 64/65 prescaler. The voltage range is + 4.5 to + 5.5 V with respect to
the GND pin. In the standby mode, the VCC pin still draws a
few milliamps from the power supply. This current drain can
be eliminated with the use of transistor Q1 as shown in
Figure 22.
For optimum performance, VCC should be bypassed to
GND using a low–inductance capacitor mounted very close
to these pins. Lead lengths on the capacitor should be
minimized.
MOTOROLA
For optimum performance, VPD should be bypassed to
GND using a low–inductance capacitor mounted very close
to these pins. Lead lengths on the capacitor should be
minimized.
VPD
Positive Power Supply (Pin 5)
This pin supplies power to both phase/frequency detectors
A and B. The voltage applied on this pin must be no less than
the potential applied to the VDD pin. The maximum voltage
can be + 9.5 V with respect to the GND pin for the MC145200
and + 5.5 V for the MC145201.
GND
Ground (Pin 7)
Common ground.
100 ns MINIMUM
ENB
CLK
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Din
NOTE: It may not be convenient to control the ENB or CLK pins during power up per the Pin Descriptions. If this is the case, the part may
be initialized through the serial port as shown in the figure above. The sequence is similar to accessing the registers except that the
CLK must remain high at least 100 ns after ENB is brought high. Note that 3 groups of 5 bits are needed.
Figure 13. Initializing the PLL through the Serial Port
MC145200
Nominal PDout Spurious Current vs fR Frequency
(1 V
PDout
VPD – 1V)
t
t
MC145201
Nominal PDout Spurious Current vs fR Frequency
(1 V
PDout
VPD – 1V)
t
t
fR
(kHz)
Current
(RMS nA)
fR
(kHz)
Current
(RMS nA)
10
1.6
10
3.6
20
5.3
20
4.6
50
22
50
17
100
95
100
75
200
320
200
244
NOTE: For information on spurious current measurement see AN1253/D, “An Improved PLL Design Method Without ωn and ζ”.
Table 2. PDout Current, C1 = Low with OUTPUT A NOT
Selected as “Port”; Also, Default Mode When
OUTPUT A Selected as “Port”
Table 3. PDout Current, C1 = High with OUTPUT A NOT
Selected as “Port”
C3
C2
PDout Current
C3
C2
PDout Current
0
0
70%
0
0
25%
0
1
80%
0
1
50%
1
0
90%
1
0
75%
1
1
100%
1
1
100%
MOTOROLA
MC145200•MC145201
11
180
170
160
PDout CURRENT SET TO 100%;
PDout VOLTAGE IS FORCED TO ONE–HALF OF VPD.
150
140
Rx, EXTERNAL RESISTOR (k Ω )
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
VPD = 9.5 V
VPD = 8.75 V
VPD = 8.0 V
40
30
20
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
Iout, SOURCE CURRENT (mA)
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
Nominal MC145200 PDout Source Current vs Rx Resistance
100
90
PDout CURRENT SET TO 100%;
PDout VOLTAGE IS FORCED TO ONE–HALF OF VPD.
80
Rx, EXTERNAL RESISTOR (kΩ )
70
60
50
40
30
20
VPD = 5.5 V
VPD = 5.0 V
VPD = 4.5 V
10
0
0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3
Iout, SOURCE CURRENT (mA)
Nominal MC145201 PDout Source Current vs Rx Resistance
NOTE: The MC145201 is optimized for Rx values in the 18 kΩ to 40 kΩ range. For example, to achieve 0.3 mA of output
current, it is preferable to use a 30–kΩ resistor for Rx and bit settings for 25% (as shown in Table 3).
Figure 14.
MC145200•MC145201
12
MOTOROLA
ENB
1
CLK
2
3
4
5
6
7
MSB
Din
C7
8
*
LSB
C6
C5
C4
C3
C2
C1
C0
* At this point, the new byte is transferred to the C register and stored. No other registers are
affected.
C7 — POL:
Selects the output polarity of the phase/frequency detectors. When set high, this bit inverts the polarity
of PDout and interchanges the φR function with φV as depicted in Figure 18. Also see the phase detector
output pin descriptions for more information. This bit is cleared low at power up.
C6 — PDA/B:
Selects which phase/frequency detector is to be used. When set high, enables the output of phase/
frequency detector A (PDout) and disables phase/frequency detector B by forcing φR and φV to the
static high state. When cleared low, phase/frequency detector B is enabled (φR and φV) and phase/frequency detector A is disabled with PDout forced to the high–impedance state. This bit is cleared
low at power up.
C5 — LDE:
Enables the lock detector output (LD) when set high. When the bit is cleared low, the LD output
is forced to a static low level. This bit is cleared low at power up.
C4 — STBY:
When set high, places the CMOS section of device, which is powered by the VDD and VPD pins,
in the standby mode for reduced power consumption: PDout is forced to the high–impedance state,
φR and φV are forced high, the A, N, and R counters are inhibited from counting, and the Rx current
is shut off. In standby, the state of LD is determined by bit C5. C5 low forces LD low (no change).
C5 high forces LD static high. During standby, data is retained in the A, R, and C registers. The
condition of REF/OSC circuitry is determined by the control bits in the R register: R13, R14, and
R15. However, if REFout = static low is selected, the internal feedback resistor is disconnected and
the input is inhibited when in standby; in addition, the REFin input only presents a capacitive load.
NOTE: Standby does not affect the other modes of the REF/OSC circuitry.
When C4 is reset low, the part is taken out of standby in 2 steps. First, the REFin (only in one mode)
resistor is reconnected, all counters are enabled, and the Rx current is enabled. Any fR and fV signals
are inhibited from toggling the phase/frequency detectors and lock detector. Second, when the first
fV pulse occurs, the R counter is jam loaded, and the phase/frequency and lock detectors are initialized. Immediately after the jam load, the A, N, and R counters begin counting down together. At
this point, the fR and fV pulses are enabled to the phase and lock detectors. (Patented feature.)
C3, C2 — I2, I1:
Controls the PDout source/sink current per Tables 2 and 3. With both bits high, the maximum current
(as set by Rx per Figure 14) is available. Also, see C1 bit description.
C1 — Port:
When the OUTPUT A pin is selected as “Port” via bits A22 and A23, C1 determines the state of
OUTPUT A. When C1 is set high, OUTPUT A is forced high; C1 low forces OUTPUT A low. When
OUTPUT A is NOT selected as “Port,” C1 controls whether the PDout step size is 10% or 25%. (See
Tables 2 and 3.) When low, steps are 10%. When high, steps are 25%. Default is 10% steps when
OUTPUT A is selected as “Port.” The Port bit is not affected by the standby mode.
C0 — Out B:
Determines the state of OUTPUT B. When C0 is set high, OUTPUT B is high–impedance; C0 low
forces OUTPUT B low. The Out B bit is not affected by the standby mode. This bit is cleared low
at power up.
Figure 15. C Register Access and Format (8 Clock Cycles are Used)
MOTOROLA
MC145200•MC145201
13
MC145200•MC145201
14
CLK
ENB
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
A3
21
A2
22
A1
23
24
NOTE 3
D in
0
1
0
1
PORT
D out
fV
fR
A22
1
1
BOTH BITS
MUST BE
HIGH
A20
A21
A19
A18
A17
A16
F
F
F
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.
.
.
F
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.
.
.
A14
A13
F
E
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
.
.
.
A11
A10
A9
N COUNTER = ÷ 4095
N COUNTER = ÷ 4094
NOT ALLOWED
NOT ALLOWED
NOT ALLOWED
NOT ALLOWED
NOT ALLOWED
N COUNTER = ÷ 5
N COUNTER = ÷ 6
N COUNTER = ÷ 7
A12
HEXADECIMAL VALUE
FOR N COUNTER
A15
A8
A7
A6
0
1
2
3
.
.
.
E
F
0
1
.
.
.
F
0
0
0
0
.
.
.
3
3
4
4
.
.
.
F
A4
= ÷0
= ÷1
= ÷2
= ÷3
A0
NOT ALLOWED
NOT ALLOWED
NOT ALLOWED
A COUNTER = ÷ 62
A COUNTER = ÷ 63
A COUNTER
A COUNTER
A COUNTER
A COUNTER
HEXADECIMAL VALUE
FOR A COUNTER
A5
LSB
NOTES:
1. A power-on initialize circuit forces the OUTPUT A function to default to Data Out.
2. The values programmed for the N counter must be greater than or equal to the values programmed for the A counter. This results in a total divide value = N x 64 + A.
3. At this point, the three new bytes are transferred to the A register. In addition, the 13 LSBs in the first buffer of the R register are transferred to the R register’s second buffer.
Thus, the R, N, and A counters can be presented new divide ratios at the same time. The first buffer of the R register is not affected. The C register is not affected.
BINARY OUTPUT A
VALUE FUNCTION
(NOTE 1)
0
0
1
1
A23
MSB
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
Figure 16. A Register Access and Format (24 Clock Cycles are Used)
MOTOROLA
ENB
CLK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
MSB
Din
R15
16
NOTE NOTE
4
5
LSB
R14
R13
R12
R11
R10
0 CRYSTAL MODE, SHUT DOWN
1 CRYSTAL MODE, ACTIVE
2 REFERENCE MODE, REFin ENABLED and REFout
STATIC LOW
3 REFERENCE MODE, REFout = REFin (BUFFERED)
4 REFERENCE MODE, REFout = REFin/2
5 REFERENCE MODE, REFout = REFin/4
6 REFERENCE MODE, REFout = REFin/8 (NOTE 3)
7 REFERENCE MODE, REFout = REFin/16
OCTAL VALUE
BINARY VALUE
R9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
·
·
·
1
1
R8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
·
·
·
F
F
R7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
·
·
·
F
F
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
·
·
·
E
F
R6
R5
R4
R3
R2
R1
R0
NOT ALLOWED
R COUNTER = ÷ 1 (NOTE 6)
NOT ALLOWED
NOT ALLOWED
NOT ALLOWED
R COUNTER = ÷ 5
R COUNTER = ÷ 6
R COUNTER = ÷ 7
R COUNTER = ÷ 8
R COUNTER = ÷ 8190
R COUNTER = ÷ 8191
HEXADECIMAL VALUE
NOTES:
1. Bits R15 through R13 control the configurable “OSC or 4–stage divider” block (see Block Diagram).
2. Bits R12 through R0 control the “13–stage R counter” block (see Block Diagram).
3. A power–on initialize circuit forces a default REFin to REFout ratio of eight.
4. At this point, bits R13, R14, and R15 are stored and sent to the “OSC or 4–Stage Divider” block in the Block Diagram. Bits R0 through
R12 are loaded into the first buffer in the double–buffered section of the R register. Therefore, the R counter divide ratio is not altered
yet and retains the previous ratio loaded. The C and A registers are not affected.
5. At this point, bits R0 through R12 are transferred to the second buffer of the R register. The R counter begins dividing by the new ratio
after completing the rest of the present count cycle. CLK must be low during the ENB pulse, as shown. Also, see note 3 of Figure 16 for
an alternate method of loading the second buffer in the R register. The C and A registers are not affected. The first buffer of the R register
is not affected.
6. Allows direct access to reference input of phase/frequency detectors.
Figure 17. R Register Access and Format (16 Clock Cycles Are Used)
MOTOROLA
MC145200•MC145201
15
fR
REFERENCE
REFin ÷ R
VH
VL
VH
fV
FEEDBACK
fin ÷ (N × 64 + A)
VL
SOURCING CURRENT
*
FLOAT
PDout
SINKING CURRENT
VH
φR
VL
VH
φV
VL
VH
LD
VL
VH = High voltage level
VL = Low voltage level
*At this point, when both fR and fV are in phase, the output source and sink circuits are turned on for a short interval.
NOTE: The PDout either sources or sinks current during out–of–lock conditions. When locked in phase and frequency, the
output is high impedance and the voltage at that pin is determined by the low–pass filter capacitor. PDout, φR, and
φV are shown with the polarity bit (POL) = low; see Figure 14 for POL.
Figure 18. Phase/Frequency Detectors and Lock Detector Output Waveforms
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR CONSIDERATIONS
The following options may be considered to provide a reference frequency to Motorola’s CMOS frequency synthesizers.
Use of a Hybrid Crystal Oscillator
Commercially available temperature–compensated crystal
oscillators (TCXOs) or crystal–controlled data clock oscillators provide very stable reference frequencies. An oscillator
capable of CMOS logic levels at the output may be direct or
dc coupled to REFin. If the oscillator does not have CMOS
logic levels on the outputs, capacitive or ac coupling to REFin
may be used (see Figure 8).
For additional information about TCXOs and data clock
oscillators, please consult the latest version of the eem Electronic Engineers Master Catalog, the Gold Book, or similar
publications.
Design an Off–Chip Reference
The user may design an off–chip crystal oscillator using
discrete transistors or ICs specifically developed for crystal
oscillator applications, such as the MC12061 MECL device.
The reference signal from the MECL device is ac coupled to
REFin (see Figure 8). For large amplitude signals (standard
CMOS logic levels), dc coupling may be used.
Use of the On–Chip Oscillator Circuitry
The on–chip amplifier (a digital inverter) along with an appropriate crystal may be used to provide a reference source
MC145200•MC145201
16
frequency. A fundamental mode crystal, parallel resonant at
the desired operating frequency, should be connected as
shown in Figure 19.
The crystal should be specified for a loading capacitance
(CL) which does not exceed approximately 20 pF when used
at the highest operating frequency of 15 MHz. Assuming
R1 = 0 Ω, the shunt load capacitance (CL ) presented across
the crystal can be estimated to be:
CL =
CinCout
Cin+Cout
+ Ca + Cstray +
C1 ⋅ C2
C1 + C2
where
Cin = 5 pF (see Figure 20)
Cout = 6 pF (see Figure 20)
Ca = 1 pF (see Figure 20)
C1 and C2 = external capacitors (see Figure 19)
Cstray = the total equivalent external circuit stray
capacitance appearing across the crystal
terminals
The oscillator can be “trimmed” on–frequency by making a
portion or all of C1 variable. The crystal and associated components must be located as close as possible to the REFin
and REFout pins to minimize distortion, stray capacitance,
stray inductance, and startup stabilization time. Circuit stray
capacitance can also be handled by adding the appropriate
stray value to the values for Cin and Cout. For this approach,
the term Cstray becomes 0 in the above expression for CL.
MOTOROLA
Power is dissipated in the effective series resistance of the
crystal, Re, in Figure 21. The maximum drive level specified
by the crystal manufacturer represents the maximum stress
that the crystal can withstand without damage or excessive
shift in operating frequency. R1 in Figure 19 limits the drive
level. The use of R1 is not necessary in most cases.
To verify that the maximum dc supply voltage does not
cause the crystal to be overdriven, monitor the output
frequency (fR) at OUTPUT A as a function of supply voltage.
(REFout is not used because loading impacts the oscillator.)
The frequency should increase very slightly as the dc supply
voltage is increased. An overdriven crystal decreases in frequency or becomes unstable with an increase in supply voltage. The operating supply voltage must be reduced or R1
must be increased in value if the overdriven condition exists.
The user should note that the oscillator start–up time is proportional to the value of R1.
Through the process of supplying crystals for use with
CMOS inverters, many crystal manufacturers have developed expertise in CMOS oscillator design with crystals. Discussions with such manufacturers can prove very helpful
(see Table 4).
FREQUENCY
SYNTHESIZER
REFin
REFout
Rf
R1*
C1
C2
* May be needed in certain cases. See text.
Figure 19. Pierce Crystal Oscillator Circuit
Ca
REFin
REFout
Cin
Cout
Cstray
Figure 20. Parasitic Capacitances of the Amplifier
and Cstray
RECOMMENDED READING
Technical Note TN–24, Statek Corp.
Technical Note TN–7, Statek Corp.
E. Hafner, “The Piezoelectric Crystal Unit–Definitions and
Method of Measurement”, Proc. IEEE, Vol. 57, No. 2, Feb.
1969.
D. Kemper, L. Rosine, “Quartz Crystals for Frequency
Control”, Electro–Technology, June 1969.
P. J. Ottowitz, “A Guide to Crystal Selection”, Electronic
Design, May 1966.
D. Babin, “Designing Crystal Oscillators”, Machine Design,
March 7, 1985.
D. Babin, “Guidelines for Crystal Oscillator Design”,
Machine Design, April 25, 1985.
RS
1
2
CS
LS
1
2
CO
1
Re
Xe
2
NOTE: Values are supplied by crystal manufacturer
(parallel resonant crystal).
Figure 21. Equivalent Crystal Networks
Table 4. Partial List of Crystal Manufacturers
Motorola — Internet Address http://motorola.com
(Search for resonators)
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MOTOROLA
MC145200•MC145201
17
PHASE–LOCKED LOOP — LOW–PASS FILTER DESIGN
(A)
PDout
VCO
Kφ KVCO
NC
ωn =
R
ζ =
C
Z(s) =
Kφ KVCOC
N
R
2
=
ωnRC
2
1 + sRC
sC
NOTE:
For (A), using Kφ in amps per radian with the filter’s impedance transfer function, Z(s), maintains units of volts per radian for the detector/
filter combination. Additional sideband filtering can be accomplished by adding a capacitor C′ across R. The corner ωc = 1/RC′ should be
chosen such that ωn is not significantly affected.
R2
(B)
φR
R1
C
–
φV
+
A
Kφ KVCO
NCR1
ωn =
VCO
R1
R2
C
ζ =
ωnR2C
2
ASSUMING GAIN A IS VERY LARGE, THEN:
F(s) =
R2sC + 1
R1sC
NOTE:
For (B), R1 is frequently split into two series resistors; each resistor is equal to R1 divided by 2. A capacitor CC is then placed from the
midpoint to ground to further filter the error pulses. The value of CC should be such that the corner frequency of this network does not
significantly affect ωn.
* The φR and φV outputs are fed to an external combiner/loop filter. The φR and φV outputs swing rail–to–rail. Therefore, the user should be careful
not to exceed the common mode input range of the op amp used in the combiner/loop filter.
DEFINITIONS:
N = Total Division Ratio in Feedback Loop
Kφ (Phase Detector Gain) = IPDout / 2π amps per radian for PDout
Kφ (Phase Detector Gain) = VPD / 2π volts per radian for φV and φR
2π∆fVCO
KVCO (VCO Transfer Function) =
radians per volt
∆VVCO
For a nominal design starting point, the user might consider a damping factor ζ≈0.7 and a natural loop frequency ωn ≈ (2πfR/50) where
fR is the frequency at the phase detector input. Larger ωn values result in faster loop lock times and, for similar sideband filtering, higher
fR–related VCO sidebands.
Either loop filter (A) or (B) is frequently followed by additional sideband filtering to further attenuate fR–related VCO sidebands. This additional filtering may be active or passive.
RECOMMENDED READING:
Gardner, Floyd M., Phaselock Techniques (second edition). New York, Wiley–Interscience, 1979.
Manassewitsch, Vadim, Frequency Synthesizers: Theory and Design (second edition). New York, Wiley–Interscience, 1980.
Blanchard, Alain, Phase–Locked Loops: Application to Coherent Receiver Design. New York, Wiley–Interscience, 1976.
Egan, William F., Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock. New York, Wiley–Interscience, 1981.
Rohde, Ulrich L., Digital PLL Frequency Synthesizers Theory and Design. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice–Hall, 1983.
Berlin, Howard M., Design of Phase–Locked Loop Circuits, with Experiments. Indianapolis, Howard W. Sams and Co., 1978.
Kinley, Harold, The PLL Synthesizer Cookbook. Blue Ridge Summit, PA, Tab Books, 1980.
Seidman, Arthur H., Integrated Circuits Applications Handbook, Chapter 17, pp. 538–586. New York, John Wiley & Sons.
Fadrhons, Jan, “Design and Analyze PLLs on a Programmable Calculator,” EDN. March 5, 1980.
AN535, Phase–Locked Loop Design Fundamentals, Motorola Semiconductor Products, Inc., 1970.
AR254, Phase–Locked Loop Design Articles, Motorola Semiconductor Products, Inc., Reprinted with permission from Electronic Design,
1987.
AN1253/D, An Improved PLL Design Method Without ωn and ζ, Motorola Semiconductor Products, Inc., 1995.
MC145200•MC145201
18
MOTOROLA
THRESHOLD
DETECTOR
+5 V
1 REF
out
2 LD
INTEGRATOR
OPTIONAL LOOP
ERROR SIGNALS
(NOTE 1)
3 φR
4 φV
ENB
6
LOW–PASS
FILTER
7
8
NC
20
Din 19
18
CLK
5
+V
REFin
9
10
VPD
OUTPUT A
PDout
OUTPUT B
VDD
GND
Rx
TEST 2
TEST 1
VCC
MCU
17
GENERAL–PURPOSE
DIGITAL OUTPUT
16
15
+5 V
14
13
NC
Q1
NOTE 2
12
fin 11
fin
1000 pF
UHF
VCO
UHF OUTPUT
BUFFER
NOTES:
1. When used, the φR and φV outputs are fed to an external combiner/loop filter. See the Phase–
Locked Loop — Low–Pass Filter Design page for additional information.
2. Transistor Q1 is required only if the standby feature is needed. Q1 permits the bipolar section of
the device to be shut down via use of the general–purpose digital pin, OUTPUT B. If the standby
feature is not needed, tie Pin 12 directly to the power supply.
3. For optimum performance, bypass the VCC, VDD, and VPD pins to GND with low–inductance capacitors.
4. The R counter is programmed for a divide value = REFin/fR. Typically, fR is the tuning resolution
required for the VCO. Also, the VCO frequency divided by fR = NT = N × 64 + A; this determines
the values (N, A) that must be programmed into the N and A counters, respectively.
Figure 22. Example Application
DEVICE #1
Din
CLK
ENB
DEVICE #2
OUTPUT A
(DATA OUT)
Din
CLK
ENB
OUTPUT A
(DATA OUT)
CMOS
MCU
OPTIONAL
NOTE: See related Figures 24 through 26; these bit streams apply to the MC145190, MC145191, MC145200,
and MC145201.
Figure 23. Cascading Two Devices
MOTOROLA
MC145200•MC145201
19
MC145200•MC145201
20
Figure 24. Accessing the C Registers
of Two Cascaded Devices
CLK
ENB
CLK
ENB
X
1
X
2
7
X
8
C7
9
C6
10
15
16
X
17
X
18
23
X
24
25
X
26
31
X
32
33
C6
34
39
40
*
D in
X
X
1
X
2
8
A23
9
10
15
16
17
23
24
25
31
32
33
39
*At this point, the new bytes are transferred to the C registers of both devices and stored. No other registers are affected.
C REGISTER BITS OF DEVICE #2
IN FIGURE 23
C0
40
C0
46
47
48
55
C REGISTER BITS OF DEVICE #1
IN FIGURE 23
C7
56
*
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
A22
A15
A8
A REGISTER BITS OF DEVICE #2
IN FIGURE 23
A16
A7
A0
A23
A9
A8
A REGISTER BITS OF DEVICE #1
IN FIGURE 23
A16
A0
*At this point, the new bytes are transferred to the A registers of both devices and stored. Additionally, for both devices, the 13 LSBs in each of the first buffers of the R registers are
transferred to the respective R register’s second buffer. Thus, the R, N, and A counters can be presented new divide ratios at the same time. The first buffer of each R register is not affected.
Neither C register is affected.
D in
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
Figure 25. Accessing the A Registers
of Two Cascaded Devices
MOTOROLA
MOTOROLA
CLK
ENB
X
1
X
2
8
9
10
15
16
17
23
24
25
31
32
33
39
40
41
47
48
NOTE 1 NOTE 2
R15
R14
R7
R REGISTER BITS OF DEVICE #2
IN FIGURE 23
R8
R0
X
X
R15
R7
R REGISTER BITS OF DEVICE #1
IN FIGURE 23
R8
R0
NOTES APPLICABLE TO EACH DEVICE:
1. At this point, bits R13, R14, and R15 are stored and sent to the “OSC or 4-Stage Divider” block in the Block Diagram. Bits R0 through R12 are loaded into the first buffer in the doublebuffered section of the R register. Therefore, the R counter divide ratio is not altered yet and retains the previous ratio loaded. The C and A registers are not affected.
2. At this point, the bits R0 through R12 are transferred to the second buffer of the R register. The R counter begins dividing by the new ratio after completing the rest of the present count
cycle. CLK must be low during the ENB pulse, as shown. Also, see note of Figure 25 for an alternate method of loading the second buffer in the R register. The C and A registers
are not affected. The first buffer of the R register is not affected.
D in
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
ÇÇ
Figure 26. Accessing the R Registers of Two Cascaded Devices
MC145200•MC145201
21
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
F SUFFIX
SOG (SMALL OUTLINE GULL–WING) PACKAGE
CASE 751J–02
-A20
11
1
10
-BJ
G
S
K
10 PL
0.13 (0.005)
B
M
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER
ANSI Y14.5M, 1982.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER.
3. DIMENSIONS A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE
MOLD PROTRUSION.
4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.15 (0.006)
PER SIDE.
5. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR
PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR
PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.13 (0.005) TOTAL IN
EXCESS OF THE D DIMENSION AT MAXIMUM
MATERIAL CONDITION.
M
DIM
A
B
C
D
G
J
K
L
M
S
C
D
0.13 (0.005)
0.10 (0.004)
L
20 PL
M
T B
-TA
S
S
M
SEATING
PLANE
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
12.55 12.80
5.40
5.10
2.00
—
0.45
0.35
1.27 BSC
0.23
0.18
0.85
0.55
0.20
0.05
7°
0°
7.40
8.20
INCHES
MIN
MAX
0.494 0.504
0.201 0.213
0.079
—
0.014 0.018
0.050 BSC
0.007 0.009
0.022 0.033
0.002 0.008
7°
0°
0.291 0.323
DT SUFFIX
TSSOP (THIN SHRUNK SMALL OUTLINE PACKAGE)
CASE 948D–03
A
20X
0.200 (0.004)
20
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI
Y14.5M, 1982.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER.
3. DIMENSION A DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD
FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS.
MOLD FLASH OR GATE BURRS SHALL NOT
EXCEED 0.15 (0.006) PER SIDE.
4. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE
INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSION.
INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSION SHALL
NOT EXCEED 0.25 (0.010) PER SIDE.
5. DIMENSION K DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR
PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR
PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.08 (0.003) TOTAL IN
EXCESS OF THE K DIMENSION AT MAXIMUM
MATERIAL CONDITION.
6. TERMINAL NUMBERS ARE SHOWN FOR
REFERENCE ONLY.
7. DIMENSIONS A AND B ARE TO BE
DETERMINED AT DATUM PLANE –U–.
K REF
M
T
11
L
B
PIN 1
IDENTIFICATION
10
1
C
-U0.100 (0.004)
-T-
D
SEATING
PLANE
H
G
A
K
K1
J1
M
J
SECTION A-A
MC145200•MC145201
22
A
F
DIM
A
B
C
D
F
G
H
J
J1
K
K1
L
M
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
–––
6.60
4.30
4.50
–––
1.20
0.05
0.25
0.45
0.55
0.65 BSC
0.275
0.375
0.09
0.24
0.09
0.18
0.16
0.32
0.16
0.26
6.30
6.50
0°
10°
INCHES
MIN
MAX
–––
0.260
0.169
0.177
–––
0.047
0.002
0.010
0.018
0.022
0.026 BSC
0.011
0.015
0.004
0.009
0.004
0.007
0.006
0.013
0.006
0.010
0.248
0.256
0°
10 °
MOTOROLA
Motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. Motorola makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding
the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Motorola assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and
specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in Motorola
data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals”
must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. Motorola does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of
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are registered trademarks of Motorola, Inc. Motorola, Inc. is an Equal
Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer.
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MC145200/D
MC145200•MC145201
23