AP431/AP431A ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATOR General Description Features • • • • • • • • • • • The AP431 and AP431A are 3-terminal adjustable precision shunt regulators with guaranteed temperature stability over the applicable extended commercial temperature range. The output voltage may be set at any level greater than 2.495V (VREF) up to 36V merely by selecting two external resistors that act as a voltage divider network. These devices have a typical output impedance of 0.2Ω. Active output circuitry provides very sharp turn-on characteristics, making these devices excellent improved replacements for Zener diodes in many applications. Precision reference voltage AP431 : 2.495V ± 1% AP431A : 2.495V ± 0.5% Sink current capability: 200mA Minimum cathode current for regulation: 300µA o Equivalent full-range temp coefficient: 30 ppm/ C Fast turn-on response Low dynamic output impedance: 0.2Ω Programmable output voltage to 36V Low output noise Packages: SOT23, SOT23R, SOT25, SC59 (W package code), SC59 (R package code), SOP-8L and TO92-3L SOT23, SOT23R, SOP-8L and SC59: Available in “Green” Molding Compound (No Br, Sb) (Note 1) Lead Free Finish/RoHS Compliant for Lead Free and “Green” Products (Note 2) The precise (+/-) 1% Reference voltage tolerance of the AP431/AP431A make it possible in many applications to avoid the use of a variable resistor, consequently saving cost and eliminating drift and reliability problems associated with it. Ordering Information A P 4 3 1 X X X X Reference Voltage Tolerance: Blank : +/- 1% A : +/- 0.5% Note: SOP-8L TO92-3L SOT23 SC59 SC59 SOT25 SOT23R L : Lead Free G : Green (Note 1) -B : Bulk -7/-13 : Taping -A : Ammo Box (Note 3) 7” Tape and Reel 13” Tape and Reel Ammo Box Package Packaging Part Number Part Number Part Number Code (Note 5) Quantity Quantity Quantity Suffix Suffix Suffix AP431(A)SA SA SOT23 AP431(A)SR SR SOT23R AP431(A)Q Q SOT25 AP431(A)W W SC59 AP431(A)R R SC59 AP431(A) Lead-free Blank : V : SA : W : R : : Q SR : Packing Lead-Free 1. SOT23, SOT23R are “Green” products only. 2. RoHS revision 13.2.2003. Glass and High Temperature Solder Exemptions Applied, see EU Directive Annex Notes 5 and 7. Device (Note 4) Lead-free Package AP431(A)V Notes: V 3000/Tape & Reel 3000/Tape & Reel 3000/Tape & Reel 3000/Tape & Reel 3000/Tape & Reel -7 NA NA NA NA -7 NA NA NA NA -7 NA NA NA NA -7 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -13 NA NA NA 2000/Box -A -7 SOP-8L NA NA TO92-3L NA NA 2500/Tape & Reel NA 3. Ammo Box is for TO92-3 Spread Lead. 4. Suffix “A” denotes AP431A device. 5. Pad layout as shown on Diodes Inc. suggested pad layout document AP02001, which can be found on our website at http://www.diodes.com/datasheets/ap02001.pdf. AP431/AP431A Rev. 5 1 of 14 www.diodes.com MARCH 2007 © Diodes Incorporated AP431/AP431A ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATOR Pin Assignment Pin Configuration (Top View) Package NC SOT25 NC 5 SOP-8L 2 3 1 SOT23 2 TO92-3L AP431/AP431A Rev. 5 8 REF ANODE 2 7 ANODE ANODE 3 6 ANODE NC 4 5 NC 3 CATHODE 2 REF 1 3 Cathode 2 Anode 1 REF 2 of 14 www.diodes.com SOT23R 3 REF 2 CATHODE 3 CATHODE 2 REF ANODE 1 CATHODE + ANODE 1 REF + SC-59 ( Package Code-R) REF 3 ANODE ANODE + SC-59 ( Package Code-W) Pin Configuration (Top View) CATHODE 1 4 CATHODE Package ANODE 1 MARCH 2007 © Diodes Incorporated AP431/AP431A ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATOR Typical Application Circuit VIN VOUT + R1 Cin + Cout AP431 R2 VOUT = (1+R1/R2)VREF Precision Regulator Block Diagram REF (R) + Cathode (C) VREF Anode (A) Symbol Cathode (C) REF (R) Anode (A) AP431/AP431A Rev. 5 3 of 14 www.diodes.com MARCH 2007 © Diodes Incorporated AP431/AP431A ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATOR Absolute Maximum Ratings Symbol Vcv ICC IREF TOP TST PD Parameter Cathode Voltage Continuous Cathode Current Reference Input Current Operating Temperature Storage Temperature SOT23(R) SOT25 Power Dissipation SC59 (Notes 6, 7) SOP-8L TO92-3L Rating Unit +36 -10 to +250 10 -20 to +85 -65 to +150 250 250 400 600 780 V mA mA o C o C mW mW mW mW mW Note: 6. TJ, max =150°C 7. Ratings apply to ambient temperature at 25°C AP431/AP431A Rev. 5 4 of 14 www.diodes.com MARCH 2007 © Diodes Incorporated AP431/AP431A ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATOR Electrical Characteristics ( TA = 25oC, V+ = +5.0V, unless otherwise stated ) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS AP431 VKA = VREF, AP431A I KA = 10mA (Fig.1) VKA = VREF, IKA = 10mA, Ta = Full range (Fig.1) VKA = 10V ~VREF IKA = 10mA (Fig. 2) VKA= 36V ~10V R1 = 10KΩ,R2 = ∞ IKA= 10mA (Fig. 2) R1 = 10KΩ,R2 = ∞ IKA = 10mA Ta = Full range (Fig. 2) VKA = VREF (Fig.1) VKA = 36V, VREF = 0V (Fig. 3) V KA = VREF V KA = VREF ∆IKA = 0.1mA ~ 15mA Frequency ≤ 1KHz (Fig.1) Reference voltage Deviation of Reference input voltage over temperature (Note 8) Ratio of the change in Reference voltage to the change in Cathode voltage Reference input current Deviation of Reference input current over temperature Minimum Cathode current for regulation Off-state current Dynamic output impedance (Note 9) SYMBOL MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT VREF 2.470 2.482 2.495 2.520 2.507 V VREF ⎯ 8.0 20 mV ∆VREF ∆VKA IREF ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ -1.4 -1 1.4 -2.0 -2 3.5 mV/V mV/V µA αIREF ⎯ 0.4 1.2 µA IKA(MIN) IKA(OFF) ⎯ ⎯ 0.19 0.1 0.5 1.0 mA µA |ZKA| ⎯ 0.2 0.5 Ω VMAX VDEV = VMAX - VMIN VMIN TI Temperature T2 Note: 8. Deviation of reference input voltage, VDEV, is defined as the maximum variation of the reference over the full temperature range. The average temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage αVREF is defined as: VDEV ) ⋅10 6 VREF (25°C) ……………………..……………….. ( ppm ) = °C T2 − T1 ( α VREF Where: T2 – T1 = full temperature change. αVREF can be positive or negative depending on whether the slope is positive or negative. Note: 9. The dynamic output impedance, RZ, is defined as: Z KA = ∆ V KA ∆ IKA When the device is programmed with two external resistors R1 and R2 (see Figure 2.), the dynamic output impedance of the overall circuit, is defined as: ' Z KA = ∆v ≈ Z KA ∆i AP431/AP431A Rev. 5 (1 + R1 ) R2 5 of 14 www.diodes.com MARCH 2007 © Diodes Incorporated AP431/AP431A ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATOR Test Circuits Input IN VKA IKA IKA VKA R1 VREF IN R2 VKA IREF VREF IZ(OFF) Note:VKA=VREF(1+R1/R2)+IREFxR1 Fig 1. Test Circuit for VKA= VREF AP431/AP431A Rev. 5 Fig 2. Test Circuit for VKA > VREF 6 of 14 www.diodes.com Fig 3. Test Circuit for Off-State Current MARCH 2007 © Diodes Incorporated AP431/AP431A ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATOR Typical Performance Characteristics Cathode Current vs Cathode Voltage Cathode Current (uA) vs Cathode Voltage 600 VKA =Vref Ta=25oC Cathode Current (uA) Cathode Current (mA) 100 0 -100 0.5 -0.5 1.5 Cathode Voltage (v) -1.5 Reference Voltage vs Free-Air Temperature 200 0 -0.5 0 0.5 1.5 1 Cathode Voltage(v) 2 2.5 Reference Input Current vs Free Temperature 2495 2490 2485 2480 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Free-Air Temperature (oC) Reference Input Current (uA) 2 2500 Reference Voltage (mV) 400 -200 -1 2.5 VKA =Vref Ta=25oC 1.8 R1=10K IKA=10mA 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 Free-Air Temperature (oC) 100 125 Change in Reference Voltage (mv) Change in Reference Voltage vs Cathode Voltage 0 -2 IKA=10mA Ta=25oC -4 -6 -8 -10 -12 0 5 AP431/AP431A Rev. 5 10 15 20 Cathode Voltage (V) 25 30 7 of 14 www.diodes.com MARCH 2007 © Diodes Incorporated AP431/AP431A ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATOR Typical Performance Characteristics ( Continued ) Small-Signal Voltage Amplification vs Frequency IKA=10mA TA=25oC 50 Output 15KΩ 40 + 9µF 30 IKA 232Ω + - AV-Small Signal Voltage Amplification (dB) 60 - 8.25KΩ GND 20 Test Circuit for Voltage Amplification 10 0 10K 1K 100K f-Frequency-Hz 1M 10M Reference Impedance vs Frequency | ZKA | Reference Impedance (Ω) 100 I KA=10mA o TA =25 C 1KΩ Output I KA 10 50Ω + GND 1 Test Circuit for Reference Impedance 0.1 1K 10K 100K 1M 10M f-Frequency-Hz AP431/AP431A Rev. 5 8 of 14 www.diodes.com MARCH 2007 © Diodes Incorporated AP431/AP431A ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATOR Typical Performance Characteristics ( Continued ) Pulse Response 6 TA=25oC Input Input and Output Voltage-V 5 220Ω 4 Pulse Generator f=100kHz 3 Output 50Ω Output GND 2 Test Circuit for Pulse Response 1 0 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 t-Time-µS 150Ω STABILITY BOUNDARY CONDITIONS† 100 90 IKA-Cathode Current-mA 80 TA=25oC A VKA=Vref I KA B VKA=5V C VKA=10V D VKA=15V CL B VBATT C Stable 50 - Stable 70 60 + Test Circuit for Curve A A 40 30 D I KA 20 10 CL 0 0.001 R2 0.01 0.1 1 C L-Load Capacitance-µF 10 The areas under the curves represent conditions that may cause the device to oscillate. For curves B, C, and D, R2 and V+ were adjusted to establish the initial V KA and I KA conditions with C L =0.V BATT and CL were then adjusted to determine the ranges of stability. AP431/AP431A Rev. 5 150Ω R1=10KΩ 9 of 14 www.diodes.com + - VBATT Test Circuit for Curve B, C, and D MARCH 2007 © Diodes Incorporated AP431/AP431A ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATOR Application Examples VIN V IN R CL R R1B R1A R2A R2B OFF LED on when Low Limit < VIN < High Limit Low Limit ≈ VREF (1+R1B/R2B) High Limit ≈ VREF (1+R1A/R2A) + Delay = RC x ln ( VIN ) V IN -VREF I OUT = V REF / RCL Fig. 5 Delay Timer Fig. 4 Voltage Monitor V IN O N I OUT Fig. 6 Current Limiter or Current Source V IN V OUT V IN R 1 R 2 R 2 LIMIT V OUT = (1 + R1/R2) x VREF I OUT = V REF / RS Fig. 7 Constant-Current Sink V OUT PULSE R 1 RS I OUT V IN Fig. 8 Higher-Current Shunt Regulator (1 + R1/R2) x VREF Fig. 9 Crow Bar VIN R1A R1B + R2A Low Limit High Limit R2B Output ON when Low Limit <VIN < High Limit V BE V REF (1 + R1B/R2B) +VBE V REF (1 + R1A/R2A) Fig.10 Over-Voltage / Under-Voltage Protection Circuit AP431/AP431A Rev. 5 10 of 14 www.diodes.com MARCH 2007 © Diodes Incorporated AP431/AP431A ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATOR Marking Information (1) SOT23(R)/SOT25/SC59 (Top View) Y : Year M : Month (A~L) X : L : Lead Free G : Green XX Y M X Marking Code SOT23(R)/ SOT25/SC59 (2) SOP-8L (Top view) 8 5 Accuracy Blank: 2.495±1% A: 2.495 ±0.5% Logo AP431 X YY WW X Part Number 4 1 L : Lead-Free Package G : Green WW : Nth week YY : Year SOP-8L (3) TO92-3L (Top View) Accuracy Blank: 2.495 + 1% A: 2.495 + 0.5% AP431 X Y WW X X L : Lead Free Y : Year WW :Nth week X : Internal code TO92-3L AP431/AP431A Rev. 5 11 of 14 www.diodes.com MARCH 2007 © Diodes Incorporated AP431/AP431A ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATOR Marking Code Table Device AP431SA AP431ASA AP431SR AP431ASR AP431Q AP431AQ AP431W AP431AW AP431R AP431AR Package (Note 10) Marking Code Date Code D1 D2 D5 D6 A2 A3 A6 A7 A8 A9 YM YM YM YM YM YM YM YM YM YM SOT23 SOT23 SOT23R SOT23R SOT25 SOT25 SC59 SC59 SC59 SC59 Note: 10. For Packaging Details, go to our website at http://www.diodes.com/datasheets/ap02007.pdf. AP431/AP431A Rev. 5 12 of 14 www.diodes.com MARCH 2007 © Diodes Incorporated AP431/AP431A ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATOR Package Information ( All Dimensions in mm ) (1) SOT25 (2) SC59 2.70/3.00 Typ 2.80 TOP VIEW 2.70/ 3.00 1.90 2.90/3.10 Typ 3.00 2.90/3.10 1.00/1.30 Typ 1.10 0.013/0.10 Typ 0.05 1.50/ 1.70 TOP VIEW 1.50/1.70 Typ 1.60 0.35/0.50 1.00/ 1.30 0.10/0.20 Typ 0.15 Typ Typ 0.95 0.55 0.013/0.10 0.35/0.55 Typ 0.40 0.10/0.20 0.95 0.35/0.55 0°/8° (3) SOT23(R) (4) SOP-8L 0.37/0.51 1.20/1.40 2.30/2.50 8 1 5 5.90/6.10 Typ 6.00 ° 4 TOP VIEW 0.45/0.60 0.89/ 1.03 1.80/2.00 9° 1.40/1.50 Typ 1.45 0.45/0.61 R 1 0. 0º/8º AP431/AP431A Rev. 5 0.08/0.25 Typ 0.15 4.85/4.95 Typ 4.90 1.27 13 of 14 www.diodes.com ° ° 45 0.085/0.180 0.35 3 0.013/ 0.10 3.80/3.90 Typ 3.85 (A ll s i de ) 4 0.903/ 1.10 2.80/3.00 0.30/0.50 Typ 0.40 ° 3.85/3.95 Typ 3.90 0.60/0.70 Typ 0.65 0.15/0.25 Typ 0.20 0.60/ 0 Typ .80 0. 70 MARCH 2007 © Diodes Incorporated AP431/AP431A ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATOR Package Information ( Continued ) ( All Dimensions in mm ) (5) TO92-3L for Ammo pack IMPORTANT NOTICE Diodes Incorporated and its subsidiaries reserve the right to make modifications, enhancements, improvements, corrections or other changes without further notice to any product herein. Diodes Incorporated does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product described herein; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights, nor the rights of others. The user of products in such applications shall assume all risks of such use and will agree to hold Diodes Incorporated and all the companies whose products are represented on our website, harmless against all damages. LIFE SUPPORT Diodes Incorporated products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the expressed written approval of the President of Diodes Incorporated. AP431/AP431A Rev. 5 14 of 14 www.diodes.com MARCH 2007 © Diodes Incorporated