MICRF112 300MHz to 450MHz, +10dBm, 1.8V to 3.6V, ASK/FSK Transmitter with Shutdown General Description Features The MICRF112 is a high-performance, easy to use, true “Data-In, RF-Out,” ASK/FSK, phase-locked loop (PLL) based, transmitter IC for applications in the 300MHz to 450MHz frequency range. These applications include remote keyless entry (RKE) and tire pressure monitoring (TPMS). The device needs only a low-cost crystal to precisely set the desired RF frequency, and a few external components for matching the power amplifier output to the antenna. The MICRF112 operates over the 1.8V to 3.6V operating range and delivers +10dBm (CW) output power into a 50Ω load, while consuming 11.5mA of supply current from a 3.0V power supply. In ASK mode, the device consumes 6.9mA of supply current at a data rate of 1kbps (Manchester 50%). It features a low-power shutdown mode in which the device typically consumes 50nA of supply current. This makes it an ideal solution for battery powered applications. • • • • • • • • • • The MICRF112 is rated for the −40°C to +125°C temperature range, and is available in 10-pin MSOP and 10-pin Ultra-Thin DFN packages. For automotive applications, where AEC-Q100 qualification is required, consider the MAQRF112. For ASK-only applications that do not require shutdown, consider the MICRF113 in SOT23-6. Datasheets and support documentation can be found on Micrel’s website at: www.micrel.com. 1.8V to 3.6V supply voltage range Up to +10dBm output power (CW) 6.9mA supply current at 1kbps ASK (50% Manchester) 11.5mA supply current at +10dBm (FSK/CW) 1µA shutdown supply current Data rates up to 50kbps ASK, 10kbps FSK Crystal or ceramic resonators sets RF frequency −40°C to +125°C temperature range 10-pin MSOP (3.0mm x 4.9mm) 10-pin Ultra-Thin DFN (2mm x 2mm x 0.4mm) Applications • • • • • • • • • Remote keyless entry systems (RKE) Remote control (STB, HVAC, and appliances) Garage door openers (GDO) Tire pressure monitor systems (TPMS) Outdoor weather stations Security/Alarm systems Lighting and fan remote controls Doorbells Irrigation control Typical Application QwikRadio is a registered trademark of Micrel, Inc. Micrel Inc. • 2180 Fortune Drive • San Jose, CA 95131 • USA • tel +1 (408) 944-0800 • fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 • http://www.micrel.com February 2013 M9999-020713 Micrel, Inc. MICRF112 Ordering Information Part Number Top Mark Temp. Range Package MICRF112YMM RF112YMM –40°C to +125°C 10-Pin MSOP MICRF112YMU 12B –40°C to +125°C 10-Pin UTDFN Pin Configuration 10-Pin Ultra-Thin DFN (MU) (2mm x 2mm x 0.4mm) Top View 10-Pin MSOP (MM) Top View Note: The Pin1 marking symbol could be a circle, triangle, or other symbol. Pin Description Pin Number Pin Name 1 ASK 2 XTLIN 3 XTLOUT 4 VSS 5 XTAL_MOD 6 FSK FSK Data input 7 EN Chip enable, active high 8 VSSPA PA ground 9 PAOUT PA output 10 VDD February 2013 Pin Function ASK Data input Reference oscillator input connection Reference oscillator output connection Ground Reference oscillation modulation port for FSK operation Positive power supply 2 M9999-020713 Micrel, Inc. MICRF112 Absolute Maximum Ratings(1) Operating Ratings(2) Supply Voltage (VDD) ................................................. +4.3V Voltage on PAOUT ...................................................... +7.2V Voltage on I/O Pins ........................ VSS – 0.3 to VDD + 0.3 Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .......................... +300°C Storage Temperature (TS) ......................... −65°C to +150°C ESD Rating.................................................................Note 3 Supply Voltage (VDD) ...................................... 1.8V to 3.6V Ambient Operating Temperature (TA) ........ -40°C to +125°C Transmitter Frequency Range ............. 300MHz to 450MHz Electrical Characteristics(4) Specifications apply for VDD = 3.0V, TA = 25°C, FreqREFOSC = 13.560MHz, EN = VDD. 1Kbps data rate, 50% duty cycle. RL 50Ω load (matched) Parameter Condition Min. Typ. Max. Units 1 µA Power Supply Standby Supply Current, Iq EN = VSS 0.05 Mark Supply Current ION @ 315MHz, POUT = +10dBm 11.5 @ 433.92MHz, POUT = +10dBm 11.6 mA @ 315MHz 2.4 mA @ 433.92MHz 2.7 mA 10 dBm 10 dBm SPACE Supply Current, IOFF mA RF Output Section and Modulation Limits: Output Power Level, POUT FSK or ASK "Mark" (4) @ 315MHz (4) @ 433.92MHz (4) 2nd harm. −53 dBc (4) 3rd harm. −53 dBc −51 dBc −65 dBc 80 dBc 22 kHz @ 630MHz Harmonics output for 315MHz @ 945MHz (4) @ 867.84MHz Harmonics Output for 433.92MHz 2nd harm. (4) @ 1301.76MHz 3rd harm. Extinction Ratio for ASK FSK Modulation Frequency Deviation Load capacitor = 10pF, crystal type = HC49/U Data Rate 10 Kbps 50 Kbps ASK Modulation Data Rate (5) @ 315MHz Occupied Bandwidth <700 kHz <1000 kHz @ 100kHz from Carrier −76 dBc/Hz @ 1000kHz from Carrier −79 dBc/Hz @ 100kHz from Carrier −72 dBc/Hz @ 1000kHz from Carrier −81 dBc/Hz (5) @ 433.92MHz VCO Section 315MHz Single Side Band Phase Noise 433.92MHz Single Side Band Phase Noise Reference Oscillator Section XTLIN, XTLOUT, XTLMOD Pin capacitance 2 pF External Capacitance See Schematic C17 & C18 18 pF Crystal: HC49S 400 µs Oscillator Start-Up Time February 2013 (6) 3 M9999-020713 Micrel, Inc. Parameter MICRF112 Condition Min. Typ. Max. Units Digital/Control Section Output Blanking STDBY transition from low to high Digital Input (EN, ASK, and FSK) High (VIH) Digital Input Leakage Current (EN, ASK, and FSK Pins) 500 µs 0.8 × VDD V Low (VIL) 0.2 × VDD V High (VIH) 0.05 µA Low (VIL) 0.05 µA 1.6 V Undervoltage Lock Out (UVLO) Notes: 1. Exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device. 2. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating ratings. 3. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precautions recommended. Human body model, 1.5k in series with 100pF. 4. Measured using the circuit shown in the “Test Circuit” section. 5. RBW = 100kHz, OBW measured at −20dBc. 6. Dependent on crystal. February 2013 4 M9999-020713 Micrel, Inc. MICRF112 Test Circuit MICRF112 Test Circuit with 50Ω Output (MSOP) Notes: 1. Values without parenthesis are for 433.92MHz and values in parenthesis are for 315MHz. 2. C9 = 100pF for external REF-OSC. 3. For FSK R1 = 0Ω, R2 = NP, R6 = 100k, and R5 = NP. February 2013 5 M9999-020713 Micrel, Inc. MICRF112 50Ω Evaluation Board PCB Layout Assembly Drawing MICRF112 50Ω Evaluation Board (MSOP) Top Layer MICRF112 50Ω Evaluation Board (MSOP) Bottom Layer MICRF112 50Ω Evaluation Board (MSOP) February 2013 6 M9999-020713 Micrel, Inc. MICRF112 Typical Characteristics Using MICRF112, 50Ω Evaluation Board (MSOP) 315MHz OBW, ASK = 1kHz 315MHz OBW, ASK = 50kHz CW Max Power @ 3V, 315MHz, (1) ASK = 1kHz RF Spectrum 2 Harmonic; Fundamental at 315MHz nd rd RF Spectrum 3 Harmonic; Fundamental at 315MHz 315MHz, Power Level at Space, VDD = 3.0V, ASK = 1kHz Note: 1. 1.2dB cable loss. February 2013 7 M9999-020713 Micrel, Inc. MICRF112 Typical Characteristics Using MICRF112, 50Ω Evaluation Board (MSOP) (Continued) 315MHz, Zero Span, ASK = 1kHz 315MHz, Zero Span, ASK = 50kHz 315MHz, Phase Noise, ASK = 1kHz, 100kHz Offset, –75.59dBc/Hz 315MHz, Phase Noise, ASK = 1kHz, 1MHz Offset, –78.99dBc/Hz 315MHz, Phase Noise, ASK = CW, 100kHz Offset, –74.39dBc/Hz 315MHz, Phase Noise, ASK = CW, 1MHz Offset, –77.28dBc/Hz February 2013 8 M9999-020713 Micrel, Inc. MICRF112 Typical Characteristics Using MICRF112, 50Ω Evaluation Board (MSOP) (Continued) 433.92MHz OBW, ASK = 1kHz 433.92MHz OBW, ASK = 50kHz 433.92MHz, CW Max Power @ 3V, (1) ASK = 1kHz RF Spectrum 2 Harmonic; Fundamental at 433.92MHz nd rd RF Spectrum 3 Harmonic; Fundamental at 433.92MHz 433.92MHz, Power Level at Space, VDD = 3.0V, ASK = 1kHz Note: 1. 1.3dB cable loss. February 2013 9 M9999-020713 Micrel, Inc. MICRF112 Typical Characteristics Using MICRF112, 50Ω Evaluation Board (MSOP) (Continued) 433.92MHz Zero Span, 1kHz 433.92ASK Zero Span at 50kHz 433.92MHz Phase Noise, ASK = CW, 100kHz Offset, –81.04dBc/Hz 433.92MHz Phase Noise, ASK = CW, 1MHz Offset, –78.76dBc/Hz 433.92MHz Phase Noise, ASK = 1kHz, 100kHz Offset, –71.73dBc/Hz 433.92MHz Phase Noise, ASK = 1kHz, 1MHz Offset, –81.04dBc/H February 2013 10 M9999-020713 Micrel, Inc. MICRF112 Functional Diagram Figure 1. Functional Block Diagram MICRF112 10 Pin ASK/FSK Version Functional Description Figure 1 shows a functional block diagram of the MICRF112 transmitter. The MICRF112 can be best described as a phase-locked transmitter. The system can be partitioned into six functional blocks: crystal oscillator, PLL×32, power amplifier, enable control, undervoltage detect, and open-drain switch for FSK operation. Crystal Oscillator The reference oscillator is a crystal-based Pierce configuration. It is designed to accept crystals with frequencies from 9.375MHz to 14.0625MHz. Figure 2. Reference Oscillator ASK Operation Crystal Oscillator Parameters for ASK Operation Figure 2 shows a reference oscillator circuit configuration for ASK operation. The reference oscillator can drive crystals with an ESR range from 20Ω to 300Ω. When the ESR of the crystal is at 20Ω, the crystal parameter limits are: ESR 20Ω 2 to 10pF CPAR 10 to 40fF CMO February 2013 When the ESR of the crystal is at 300Ω, the crystal parameter limits are: ESR 300Ω 2 to 5pF CPAR 10 to 40fF CMO 10 to 30pF CLOAD 11 M9999-020713 Micrel, Inc. MICRF112 Crystal Oscillator for FSK Operation Figure 3 shows the reference oscillator circuit configuration for FSK operation. To operate the MICRF112 in FSK mode, one additional capacitor is needed between XTLOUT pin and the XTAL_MOD pin. Crystal parameters for FSK operation are the same as for ASK operation except: • When the ESR of crystal is at 20Ω, CFSK + CLOAD must not exceed 70pF. • When the ESR of crystal is at 300Ω, CFSK + CLOAD must not exceed 30pF. Power Amplifier The power amplifier serves two purposes: to buffer the VCO from external elements and to amplify the phaselocked signal. The power amplifier can produce +10dBm at 3V (typical). Enable Control The enable control gates the ASK data. It only allows transmission when Lock, Amplitude, and Undervoltage Detect conditions are valid. Undervoltage Detect The undervoltage detect block senses operating voltage. If the operating voltage falls below 1.6V, the undervoltage detect block sends a signal to the enable control block to disable the PA. Open-Drain Switch The open-drain switch is used for FSK operation. FSK data is fed into the FSK pin. The FSK pin is connected to the gate of the open-drain switch. The open collector is connected to the XTAL_MOD pin. In Figure 3, a capacitor is shown connected from the XTAL_MOD pin to XTLOUT. When the FSK pin goes high, the capacitor between XTAL_MOD and XTLOUT pulls the frequency of REFOSC low. Figure 3. Reference Oscillator FSK Operation PLL×32 The function of PLL×32 is to provide a stable carrier frequency for transmission. It is a “divided by 32” phaselocked oscillator. February 2013 12 M9999-020713 Micrel, Inc. MICRF112 Application Information Figure 4. ASK 433.92MHz and 315MHz (MSOP) Note: Values in parenthesis are for 315MHz. Power Control Using an External Resistor R7 is used to adjust the RF output levels that may be needed to meet compliance. As an example, Tables 2 and 3 list typical values of conducted RF output levels and corresponding R7 resistor values for the 50Ω test board shown in the Test Circuit. The MICRF112 is ideal for driving a 50Ω source monopole or a loop antenna. Figure 4 is an example of a loop antenna configuration. Figure 4 also shows both 315MHz and 433.92MHz ASK configurations for a loop antenna. In addition to using a different crystal, modified values are needed for certain frequencies. These are listed in Table 1. R7, Ω Output Power, dBm IDD, mA 0 10 6.7 9.84375 75 8.5 6.3 13.5600 100 8.0 6.2 500 1.6 4.13 1000 −3.8 4.87 Frequency (MHz) L1 (nH) C5 (pF) L4 (nH) C7 (pF) Y1 (MHz) 315.0 470 10 150 6.8 433.92 680 10 82 4.7 Table 1. Modified Frequency Values The reference design shown in Figure 4 has an antenna optimized for using the matching network, as described in Table 1. Table 2. ASK Output Power at 1Kbps (Manchester) vs. External Resistor at 315MHz R7, Ω Output Power, dBm IDD, mA 0 8.68 7.5 75 8.34 7.33 100 8.02 7.3 500 4.34 6.3 1000 0.42 5.5 Table 3. ASK Output Power at 1Kbps (Manchester) vs. External Resistor at 433.92MHz February 2013 13 M9999-020713 Micrel, Inc. MICRF112 inductance by as much as 10%. To reduce parasitic inductance, the use of wide traces and a ground plane under signal traces is recommended. Use vias with low value inductance for components requiring a connection to ground. Output Matching Network Part of the function of the output network is to attenuate the second and third harmonics. When matching to a transmit frequency, be sure not only to optimize for maximum output power but to attenuate unwanted harmonics. Antenna Layout The antenna trace layout affects directivity. No ground plane should be under the antenna trace. For consistent performance, do not place components inside the loop of the antenna. Gerbers for the Evaluation Board PCB, with a suggested layout are available on the Micrel web site at: www.micrel.com. Layout Issues PCB layout is extremely important to achieve optimum performance and consistent manufacturing results. Be careful with the orientation of the components to ensure that they do not couple or decouple the RF signal. PCB trace length should be short, to minimize parasitic inductance (1in ~ 20nH). For example, depending on inductance values, a 0.5in trace can change the February 2013 14 M9999-020713 Micrel, Inc. MICRF112 Demo Board PCB Layout Assembly Drawing MICRF112 Evaluation Board (MSOP) Top Layer MICRF112 Evaluation Board (MSOP) Bottom Layer MICRF112 Evaluation Board (MSOP) February 2013 15 M9999-020713 Micrel, Inc. MICRF112 Evaluation Board Schematic Figure 5. TX112-1 Evaluation Board Schematic (MSOP) Note: Configuration is for ASK operation. Values in parenthesis are for 315MHz. Functional Description of the TX112-1 Evaluation Board Pin Function Name Functional Description J1-1 VDD 1.8V to 3.6V The layout of the TX112-1 Evaluation Board PCB is shown on page 15. Figure 5 is a detailed schematic of the TX112-1. Components labeled “NP” use different configurations for FSK operation. Table 2 describes each header pin connector used in the evaluation board. J1-2 Ground VSS J1-3 ASK INPUT Modulating Data Input, ASK or FSK J2-1 REF-OSC External Reference Input J2-2 GROUND VSS J2-3 ENABLE Enable Input, Active High Table 4. Header Pin Connectors February 2013 16 M9999-020713 Micrel, Inc. MICRF112 TX112-1-433.92 ASK Bill of Materials Item Part Number C1 GRM21BR60J106KE01L C2 GRM1885C1H101JA01D C5 GRM1885C1H100JA01D Manufacturer Murata (1) Description Qty. 10µF Capacitor, 0805 1 Murata 100pF Capacitor, 0603 1 Murata 10pF Capacitor, 0603 1 R1,R4,R6 3 C6,C8,C11,C12,C15 5 C7 GRM1885C1H4R7JA01D Murata 4.7pF Capacitor, 0603 1 C10 GRM188F51H104ZA01D Murata 0.1µF Capacitor, 0603 1 C13,C14 GRM1885C1H180JA01D Murata 18pF Capacitor, 0603 2 J1,J2 TSHR-114-S-02-A-GT L1 0805CS-680XJB L4 0603CS-082NXJB L5 ANTENNA LOOP, Part of PCB R2 CRCW0603100KFKEA R3,R5,R7 R8,JPR1,JPR2 CRC06030000Z0EA U1 MICRF112YMM Y1 SA-13.5600-F-10-C-3-3 Coilcraft (2) Coilcraft (3) Vishay Vishay (4) Micrel (5) HIB CON3 2 470nH Inductor, 0805 1 150nH Inductor, 0603 1 Antenna 1 100kΩ Resistor, 0603 1 0Ω Resistor, 0603 6 300MHz to 450MHz, +10dBm ASK/FSK Transmitter with Shutdown 1 13.560MHz XTAL 1 Notes: 1. Murata Tel: www.murata.com. 2. Coilcraft: www.coilcraft.com. 3. Vishay Tel: www.vishay.com 4. Micrel, Inc.: www.micrel.com. 5. HIB: www.hib.com.br. February 2013 17 M9999-020713 Micrel, Inc. MICRF112 Tx112-1-315MHz ASK Bill of Materials Item Part Number C1 GRM21BR60J106KE01L C2 GRM1885C1H101JA01D C5 GRM1885C1H1000JA01D Manufacturer Murata (1) Description Qty. 10µF Capacitor, 0805 1 Murata 100pF Capacitor, 0603 1 Murata 10pF Capacitor, 0603 1 R1,R4,R6 3 C6,C8,C11,C12,C15 5 C7 GRM1885C1H6R8JA01D Murata 4.7pF Capacitor, 0603 1 C10 GRM188F51H104ZA01D Murata 0.1µF Capacitor, 0603 1 C13,C14 GRM1885C1H180JA01D Murata 18pF Capacitor, 0603 2 J1,J2 TSHR-114-S-02-A-GT L1 0805CS-470XJB L4 0603CS-R15XJB L5 ANTENNA LOOP, Part of PCB R2 CRCW0603100KFKEA R3,R5,R7 R8,JPR1,JPR2 CRC06030000Z0EA U1 MICRF112YMM Y1 SA-9.84375-F-10-C-3-3 Coilcraft (2) Coilcraft (3) Vishay Vishay (4) Micrel (5) HIB CON3 2 470nH Inductor, 0805 1 150nH Inductor, 0603 1 Antenna 1 100kΩ Resistor, 0603 1 0Ω Resistor, 0603 6 300MHz to 450MHz, +10dBm ASK/FSK Transmitter with Shutdown 1 9.84375MHz XTAL 1 Notes: 1. Murata Tel: www.murata.com. 2. Coilcraft: www.coilcraft.com. 3. Vishay Tel: www.vishay.com. 4. Micrel, Inc.: www.micrel.com. 5. HIB: www.hib.com.br. February 2013 18 M9999-020713 Micrel, Inc. MICRF112 FSK Operation The Bill of Materials tables describe the components needed for ASK operation for 433.92MHz and 315MHz. Table 5 lists the component values that change between ASK and FSK operation. Note that use of a high FSK data rate may excite parasitic resonant modes with some crystal types. Recommended crystals from the Bill of Materials tables are good for both ASK and FSK. Mode R1 R2 R5 R6 JPR1 JPR2 C8 ASK NP 100kΩ 0Ω NP 0Ω NP NP FSK 0Ω NP NP 100kΩ NP 0Ω 3.3pF (2) 10pF (1) Notes: 1. C8 = 3.3pF for 1kHz using HC49/U or HC49US type crystals. 2. C8= 10pF for 10kHz using HC49/U, (high profile) only. Table 5. ASK and FSK Settings R3 R4 Constant ON 0Ω NP External Standby Control NP 100kΩ Table 6. Enable Control (Shutdown) February 2013 19 M9999-020713 Micrel, Inc. MICRF112 Package Information(1) 10-Pin MSOP Package Type (YMM) Note: The Pin1 marking symbol could be a circle, triangle, or other symbol. Package information is correct as of the publication date. For updates and most current information, go to www.micrel.com. February 2013 20 M9999-020713 Micrel, Inc. MICRF112 Package Information(1) (Continued) 10-Pin Ultra-Thin DFN 2mm x 2mm x 0.4mm (MU) Note: The Pin1 marking symbol could be a circle, triangle, or other symbol. Package information is correct as of the publication date. For updates and most current information, go to www.micrel.com. MICREL, INC. 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA TEL +1 (408) 944-0800 FAX +1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http://www.micrel.com Micrel makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the information furnished in this data sheet. This information is not intended as a warranty and Micrel does not assume responsibility for its use. Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry, specifications and descriptions at any time without notice. No license, whether express, implied, arising by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. Except as provided in Micrel’s terms and conditions of sale for such products, Micrel assumes no liability whatsoever, and Micrel disclaims any express or implied warranty relating to the sale and/or use of Micrel products including liability or warranties relating to fitness for a particular purpose, merchantability, or infringement of any patent, copyright or other intellectual property right. Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A Purchaser’s use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is a Purchaser’s own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnify Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. © 2013 Micrel, Incorporated. February 2013 21 M9999-020713